Reference Guide

Glossary 677
I/O
Abbreviation for input/output. The keyboard is an
input device, and a printer is an output device. In
general, I/O activity can be differentiated from
computational activity. For example, when a program
sends a document to the printer, it is engaging in
output activity; when the program sorts a list of terms,
it is engaging in computational activity.
ID
Abbreviation for identification.
IHV
Acronym for independent hardware vendor. IHVs often
develop their own MIBs for components that they
manufacture.
interlacing
A technique for increasing video resolution by only
updating alternate horizontal lines on the screen.
Because interlacing can result in noticeable screen
flicker, most users prefer noninterlaced video adapter
resolutions.
internal microprocessor cache
An instruction and data cache built in to the
microprocessor. The Intel Pentium microprocessor
includes a 16-KB internal cache, which is set up as an
8-KB read-only instruction cache and an 8-KB
read/write data cache.
IP Address
Abbreviation for Internet Protocol address. See TCP/IP.
IPMI
Abbreviation for Intelligent Platform Management
Interface, which is an industry standard for
management of peripherals used in enterprise
computers based on Intel architecture. The key
characteristic of IPMI is that inventory, monitoring,
logging, and recovery control functions are available
independent of the main processors, BIOS, and
operating system.
IPX
Acronym for internetwork packet exchange.
IRQ
Abbreviation for interrupt request. A signal that data
is about to be sent to or received by a peripheral device
travels by an IRQ line to the microprocessor. Each
peripheral connection must be assigned an IRQ
number. For example, the first serial port in your
computer (COM1) is assigned to IRQ4 by default.
Two devices can share the same IRQ assignment, but
you cannot operate both devices simultaneously.
ISA
Acronym for Industry-Standard Architecture. A 16-bit
expansion bus design. The expansion-card connectors
in an ISA computer are also compatible with 8-bit ISA
expansion cards.
ITE
Abbreviation for information technology equipment.
jumper
Jumpers are small blocks on a circuit board with two or
more pins emerging from them. Plastic plugs
containing a wire fit down over the pins. The wire
connects the pins and creates a circuit. Jumpers provide
a simple and reversible method of changing the
circuitry in a printed circuit board.
K
Abbreviation for kilo-, indicating 1,000.
KB
Abbreviation for kilobyte(s), 1,024 bytes.
KB/sec
Abbreviation for kilobyte(s) per second.
Kbit(s)
Abbreviation for kilobit(s), 1,024 bits.
Kbit(s)/sec
Abbreviation for kilobit(s) per second.