Dell Configuration Guide for the S6000–ON System 9.14.2.4 November 2019 Rev.
Notes, cautions, and warnings NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your product. CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem. WARNING: A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death. © 2019 Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Dell, EMC, and other trademarks are trademarks of Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries.
Contents Chapter 1: About this Guide.........................................................................................................32 Audience.............................................................................................................................................................................. 32 Conventions........................................................................................................................................................................
Allowing Access to Different Modes...................................................................................................................... 56 Applying a Privilege Level to a Username..............................................................................................................57 Applying a Privilege Level to a Terminal Line........................................................................................................57 Configuring Logging................................
Configuring Critical VLAN .............................................................................................................................................. 87 Configuring Request Identity Re-Transmissions........................................................................................................87 Configuring a Quiet Period after a Failed Authentication..................................................................................88 Forcibly Authorizing or Unauthorizing a Port...
Example of viewing IP mirror–access–group applied to an Interface.......................................................... 124 Chapter 7: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD).................................................................125 How BFD Works...............................................................................................................................................................125 BFD Packet Format.......................................................................
Enabling Graceful Restart........................................................................................................................................196 Redistributing Routes................................................................................................................................................197 Enabling Additional Paths........................................................................................................................................
Priority-Based Flow Control................................................................................................................................... 238 Enhanced Transmission Selection.........................................................................................................................239 Data Center Bridging Exchange Protocol (DCBx)............................................................................................ 240 Data Center Bridging in a Traffic Flow.............
Configure the System to be a DHCP Server........................................................................................................... 280 Configuring the Server for Automatic Address Allocation..............................................................................280 Specifying a Default Gateway.................................................................................................................................281 Configure a Method of Hostname Resolution.....................
Ensure Robustness in a Converged Ethernet Network.........................................................................................304 FIP Snooping on Ethernet Bridges............................................................................................................................. 305 Using FIP Snooping.........................................................................................................................................................307 FIP Snooping Prerequisites.......
Configure a GARP Timer...............................................................................................................................................338 Chapter 18: Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)........................................................ 339 IGMP Protocol Overview.............................................................................................................................................. 339 IGMP Version 2..............................................
Port Channel Benefits.............................................................................................................................................. 370 Port Channel Implementation.................................................................................................................................370 Interfaces in Port Channels....................................................................................................................................
Configuring the Duration to Establish a TCP Connection.................................................................................... 403 Enabling Directed Broadcast........................................................................................................................................404 Resolution of Host Names............................................................................................................................................
Configuring Telnet with IPv6................................................................................................................................. 428 SNMP over IPv6........................................................................................................................................................428 Displaying IPv6 Information....................................................................................................................................
Leaks from One Level to Another.........................................................................................................................460 Sample Configurations................................................................................................................................................... 461 Chapter 24: Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)............................................................. 464 Introduction to Dynamic LAGs and LACP............................
TIA-1057 (LLDP-MED) Overview............................................................................................................................... 494 TIA Organizationally Specific TLVs.......................................................................................................................495 Configure LLDP...............................................................................................................................................................
MSDP Sample Configurations..................................................................................................................................... 535 Chapter 29: Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol.................................................................... 538 MLD timers........................................................................................................................................................................541 Reducing Host Response Burstiness...........
Displaying MLD groups table........................................................................................................................................579 Displaying MLD Interfaces............................................................................................................................................580 MLD Snooping.................................................................................................................................................................
OSPF with Dell EMC Networking OS........................................................................................................................ 604 Graceful Restart........................................................................................................................................................604 Fast Convergence (OSPFv2, IPv4 Only)............................................................................................................ 605 Multi-Process OSPFv2 with VRF.....
Creating Multicast Boundaries and Domains............................................................................................................ 651 Electing an RP using the BSR Mechanism................................................................................................................ 651 Chapter 38: PIM Source-Specific Mode (PIM-SSM).................................................................. 653 Implementation Information............................................................
PVST+ in Multi-Vendor Networks.............................................................................................................................. 692 Enabling PVST+ Extend System ID............................................................................................................................ 692 PVST+ Sample Configurations....................................................................................................................................
Chapter 44: Remote Monitoring (RMON)...................................................................................737 Implementation Information.......................................................................................................................................... 737 Fault Recovery................................................................................................................................................................. 737 Setting the RMON Alarm..................
Configuring When to Re-generate an SSH Key ................................................................................................783 Configuring the SSH Server Key Exchange Algorithm.....................................................................................783 Configuring the HMAC Algorithm for the SSH Server.................................................................................... 784 Configuring the HMAC Algorithm for the SSH Client............................................
Setting Rate-Limit BPDUs....................................................................................................................................... 821 Debugging Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling.................................................................................................................821 Provider Backbone Bridging......................................................................................................................................... 822 Chapter 49: sFlow..........
MIB Support to Display the Available Memory Size on Flash.............................................................................. 848 Viewing the Available Flash Memory Size...........................................................................................................848 MIB Support to Display the Software Core Files Generated by the System................................................... 849 Viewing the Software Core Files Generated by the System.........................................
Chapter 52: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)................................................................................ 881 Protocol Overview...........................................................................................................................................................881 Configure Spanning Tree............................................................................................................................................... 881 Important Points to Remember............
Setting Recurring Daylight Saving Time.............................................................................................................. 910 Chapter 55: Tunneling............................................................................................................... 912 Configuring a Tunnel.......................................................................................................................................................912 Configuring Tunnel Keepalive Settings..........
VLT and IGMP Snooping......................................................................................................................................... 943 VLT IPv6......................................................................................................................................................................943 VLT Port Delayed Restoration...............................................................................................................................
VXLAN Frame Format..................................................................................................................................................1009 Limitations on VXLAN ..................................................................................................................................................1010 Configuring and Controlling VXLAN from the NSX Controller GUI....................................................................
VRRP Implementation.................................................................................................................................................. 1055 VRRP Configuration..................................................................................................................................................... 1056 Configuration Task List..........................................................................................................................................
Installing CA certificate........................................................................................................................................... 1115 Information about Creating Certificate Signing Requests (CSR)....................................................................... 1115 Creating Certificate Signing Requests (CSR)................................................................................................... 1115 Information about installing trusted certificates.......
1 About this Guide This guide describes the protocols and features the Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS) supports and provides configuration instructions and examples for implementing them. For complete information about all the CLI commands, see the Dell EMC Command Line Reference Guide for your system. The S6000–ON platform is available with Dell EMC Networking OS version 9.7(0.0) and beyond. Though this guide contains information about protocols, it is not intended to be a complete reference.
2 Configuration Fundamentals The Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS) command line interface (CLI) is a text-based interface you can use to configure interfaces and protocols. The CLI is largely the same for each platform except for some commands and command outputs. The CLI is structured in modes for security and management purposes. Different sets of commands are available in each mode, and you can limit user access to modes using privilege levels.
● EXEC Privilege mode has commands to view configurations, clear counters, manage configuration files, run diagnostics, and enable or disable debug operations. The privilege level is 15, which is unrestricted. You can configure a password for this mode; refer to the Configure the Enable Password section in the Getting Started chapter.
ROUTER ISIS ISIS ADDRESS-FAMILY ROUTER OSPF ROUTER OSPFV3 ROUTER RIP SPANNING TREE SUPPORTASSIST TRACE-LIST VLT DOMAIN VRRP UPLINK STATE GROUP uBoot Navigating CLI Modes The Dell EMC Networking OS prompt changes to indicate the CLI mode. The following table lists the CLI mode, its prompt, and information about how to access and exit the CLI mode.
Table 1.
Table 1.
4 5 6 Member Member Member not present not present not present -- Power Supplies -Unit Bay Status Type FanStatus FanSpeed(rpm) -----------------------------------------------------------1 1 up AC absent 0 1 2 absent absent 0 -- Fan Status -Unit Bay TrayStatus Fan0 Speed Fan1 Speed ----------------------------------------------------------------1 1 up up 0 up 0 1 2 up up 0 up 0 1 3 up up 0 up 0 Speed in RPM Undoing Commands When you enter a command, the command line is added to the running configuration
clock DellEMC(conf)#cl ● Enter [space]? after a keyword lists all of the keywords that can follow the specified keyword. DellEMC(conf)#clock ? summer-time Configure summer (daylight savings) time timezone Configure time zone DellEMC(conf)#clock Entering and Editing Commands Notes for entering commands. ● The CLI is not case-sensitive. ● You can enter partial CLI keywords. ○ Enter the minimum number of letters to uniquely identify a command.
Command History The Dell EMC Networking OS maintains a history of previously-entered commands for each mode. For example: ● When you are in EXEC mode, the UP and DOWN arrow keys display the previously-entered EXEC mode commands. ● When you are in CONFIGURATION mode, the UP or DOWN arrows keys recall the previously-entered CONFIGURATION mode commands.
Multiple Users in Configuration Mode Dell EMC Networking OS notifies all users when there are multiple users logged in to CONFIGURATION mode. A warning message indicates the username, type of connection (console or VTY), and in the case of a VTY connection, the IP address of the terminal on which the connection was established.
3 Getting Started This chapter describes how you start configuring your system. When you power up the chassis, the system performs a power-on self test (POST) and system then loads the Dell EMC Networking Operating System. Boot messages scroll up the terminal window during this process. No user interaction is required if the boot process proceeds without interruption. When the boot process completes, the system status LEDs remain online (green) and the console monitor displays the EXEC mode prompt.
Console Access The device has one RJ-45/RS-232 console port, an out-of-band (OOB) Ethernet port, and a micro USB-B console port. Serial Console The RJ-45/RS-232 console port is labeled on the upper right-hand side, as you face the I/O side of the chassis. Figure 1. RJ-45 Console Port 1. RS-232 console port. 2. USB port. Accessing the Console Port To access the console port, follow these steps: For the console port pinout, refer to Accessing the RJ-45 Console Port with a DB-9 Adapter. 1.
Table 2.
CONFIGURATION mode interface ManagementEthernet slot/port 2. Assign an IP address to the interface. INTERFACE mode ip address ip-address/mask ● ip-address: an address in dotted-decimal format (A.B.C.D). ● mask: a subnet mask in /prefix-length format (/ xx). 3. Enable the interface. INTERFACE mode no shutdown Configure a Management Route Define a path from the system to the network from which you are accessing the system remotely.
○ role role-name: Assign a role name for the user. Dell EMC Networking OS encrypts type 5 secret and type 7 password based on dynamic-salt option such that the encrypted password is different when an user is configured with the same password. NOTE: dynamic-salt option is shown only with secret and password options. In dynamic-salt configuration, the length of type 5 secret and type 7 password is 32 and 16 characters more compared to the secret and password length without dynamic-salt configuration.
● To copy a remote file to Dell EMC Networking system, combine the file-origin syntax for a remote file location with the file-destination syntax for a local file location. Table 3.
write command, the mount command is saved to the startup configuration. As a result, each time the device re-boots, the NFS file system is mounted during start up. Table 5.
Save the Running-Configuration The running-configuration contains the current system configuration. Dell EMC Networking recommends coping your runningconfiguration to the startup-configuration. The commands in this section follow the same format as those commands in the Copy Files to and from the System section but use the filenames startup-configuration and running-configuration. These commands assume that current directory is the internal flash, which is the system default.
6 drw8192 7 d--8192 8 -rw- 33059550 9 -rw- 27674906 10 -rw- 27674906 11 drw8192 12 -rw7276 13 -rw7341 14 -rw- 27674906 15 -rw- 27674906 --More-- Mar Mar Jul Jul Jul Jan Jul Jul Jul Jul 30 30 11 06 06 01 20 20 06 06 1919 1919 2007 2007 2007 1980 2007 2007 2007 2007 10:31:04 10:31:04 17:49:46 00:20:24 19:54:52 00:18:28 01:52:40 15:34:46 19:52:22 02:23:22 CORE_DUMP_DIR ADMIN_DIR FTOS-EF-7.4.2.0.bin FTOS-EF-4.7.4.302.bin boot-image-FILE diag startup-config.
View Command History The command-history trace feature captures all commands entered by all users of the system with a time stamp and writes these messages to a dedicated trace log buffer. The system generates a trace message for each executed command. No password information is saved to the file. NOTE: The timestamps display format of the show command history output changes based on the service timestamps log datetime configuration. The time format can be in uptime, local time zone time or UTC time.
[1d0h24m]: [1d0h25m]: [1d0h25m]: [1d0h25m]: [1d0h25m]: [1d0h25m]: [1d0h25m]: CMD-(CLI):[no shutdown]by default from console CMD-(CLI):[end]by default from console CMD-(CLI):[write memory]by default from console Repeated 1 time.
However, these changes are backward-compatible and do not affect existing behavior; meaning, you can still use the ip http source- interface command to communicate with a particular interface even if no VRF is configured on that interface NOTE: If the HTTP service is not VRF-aware, then it uses the global routing table to perform the look-up. To enable an HTTP client to look up the VRF table corresponding to either management VRF or any nondefault VRF, use the ip http vrf command in CONFIGURATION mode.
MD5 DellEMC# verify md5 flash://file-name 275ceb73a4f3118e1d6bcf7d75753459 SHA256 DellEMC# verify sha256 flash://file-name e6328c06faf814e6899ceead219afbf9360e986d692988023b749e6b2093e933 54 Getting Started
4 Management This chapter describes the different protocols or services used to manage the Dell EMC Networking system.
Removing a Command from EXEC Mode To remove a command from the list of available commands in EXEC mode for a specific privilege level, use the privilege exec command from CONFIGURATION mode. In the command, specify a level greater than the level given to a user or terminal line, then the first keyword of each command you wish to restrict.
privilege configure level level {interface | line | route-map | router} {command-keyword ||...|| command-keyword} ● Allow access to a CONFIGURATION, INTERFACE, LINE, ROUTE-MAP, and/or ROUTER mode command. CONFIGURATION mode privilege {configure |interface | line | route-map | router} level level {command ||...
username username privilege level NOTE: When you assign a privilege level between 2 and 15, access to the system begins at EXEC mode, but the prompt is hostname#, rather than hostname>. Configuring Logging The Dell EMC Networking OS tracks changes in the system using event and error messages. By ● ● ● default, Dell EMC Networking OS logs these messages on: the internal buffer console and terminal lines any configured syslog servers To disable logging, use the following commands.
The security log contains security events and information. RBAC restricts access to audit and security logs based on the CLI sessions’ user roles. The types of information in this log consist of the following: ● Establishment of secure traffic flows, such as SSH. ● Violations on secure flows or certificate issues. ● Adding and deleting of users.
Configuring Logging Format To display syslog messages in a RFC 3164 or RFC 5424 format, use the logging version {0 | 1} command in CONFIGURATION mode. By default, the system log version is set to 0.
1. On the switch, enable the SSH server DellEMC(conf)#ip ssh server enable 2. On the syslog server, create a reverse SSH tunnel from the syslog server to the Dell OS switch, using following syntax: ssh -R :: user@remote_host -nNf In the following example the syslog server IP address is 10.156.166.48 and the listening port is 5141. The switch IP address is 10.16.131.141 and the listening port is 5140 ssh -R 5140:10.156.166.48:5141 admin@10.16.131.
Sending System Messages to a Syslog Server To send system messages to a specified syslog server, use the following command. The following syslog standards are supported: RFC 5424 The SYSLOG Protocol, R.Gerhards and Adiscon GmbH, March 2009, obsoletes RFC 3164 and RFC 5426 Transmission of Syslog Messages over UDP. ● Specify the server to which you want to send system messages. You can configure up to eight syslog servers.
The following example enables login activity tracking. The system stores the login activity details for the last 30 days. DellEMC(config)#login statistics enable The following example enables login activity tracking and configures the system to store the login activity details for 12 days. DellEMC(config)#login statistics enable DellEMC(config)#login statistics time-period 12 Display Login Statistics To view the login statistics, use the show login statistics command.
Unsuccessful login attempt(s) in last 30 day(s): 3 Successful login attempt(s) in last 30 day(s): 2 Example of the show login statistics user user-id command The show login statistics user user-id command displays the successful and failed login details of a specific user in the last 30 days or the custom defined time period.
Configuring Concurrent Session Limit To configure concurrent session limit, follow this procedure: ● Limit the number of concurrent sessions for each user. CONFIGURATION mode login concurrent-session limit number-of-sessions The following example limits the permitted number of concurrent login sessions to 4.
Line Location 2 vty 0 10.14.1.97 3 vty 1 10.14.1.97 4 vty 2 10.14.1.97 5 vty 3 10.14.1.97 Kill existing session? [line number/Enter to cancel]: Enabling Secured CLI Mode The secured CLI mode prevents the users from enhancing the permissions or promoting the privilege levels. ● Enter the following command to enable the secured CLI mode: CONFIGURATION Mode secure-cli enable After entering the command, save the running-configuration. Once you save the running-configuration, the secured CLI mode is enabled.
To view the logging configuration, use the show running-config logging command in privilege mode, as shown in the example for Configure a UNIX Logging Facility Level. Display the Logging Buffer and the Logging Configuration To display the current contents of the logging buffer and the logging settings for the system, use the show logging command in EXEC privilege mode. When RBAC is enabled, the security logs are filtered based on the user roles.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ local0 (for local use) local1 (for local use) local2 (for local use) local3 (for local use) local4 (for local use) local5 (for local use) local6 (for local use) local7 (for local use) lpr (for line printer system messages) mail (for mail system messages) news (for USENET news messages) sys9 (system use) sys10 (system use) sys11 (system use) sys12 (system use) sys13 (system use) sys14 (system use) syslog (for syslog messages) user (for user programs) uucp (UNIX to UNI
To view the logging synchronous configuration, use the show config command in LINE mode. Enabling Timestamp on Syslog Messages By default, syslog messages include a time/date stamp, taken from the datetime, stating when the error or message was created. To enable timestamp, use the following command. ● Add timestamp to syslog messages.
1/1/5 May 17 15:41:47 %STKUNIT1-M:CP %IFMGR-5-ASTATE_DN: Changed interface Admin state to down: Te 1/1/5 May 17 15:41:40 %STKUNIT1-M:CP %FILEMGR-5-FILESAVED: Copied running-config to startupconfig in flash by default Example 2: service timestamps log datetime utc DellEMC(conf)#service timestamps log datetime utc DellEMC#show clock 15:47:05.
[1d0h25m]: CMD-(CLI):[show logging]by default from console [1d0h25m]: CMD-(CLI):[show command-history]by default from console DellEMC# show logging Syslog logging: enabled Console logging: disabled Monitor logging: level debugging Buffer logging: level debugging, 6 Messages Logged, Size (40960 bytes) Trap logging: level informational Last logging buffer cleared: May 17 15:50:31 1d0h25m %STKUNIT1-M:CP %FILEMGR-5-FILESAVED: Copied running-config to startup-config in flash by default 1d0h25m %STKUNIT1-M:CP %SY
can still use the source-interface command to communicate with a particular interface even if no VRF is configured on that interface. For more information about FTP, refer to RFC 959, File Transfer Protocol. NOTE: To transmit large files, Dell EMC Networking recommends configuring the switch as an FTP server.
● Enter the following keywords and the interface information: ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ For For For For For a a a a a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port/subport information. 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. Loopback interface, enter the keyword loopback then a number from 0 to 16383. port channel interface, enter the keywords port-channel then a number.
seq 5 permit host 10.11.0.1 DellEMC(config-std-nacl)#line vty 0 DellEMC(config-line-vty)#show config line vty 0 access-class myvtyacl DellEMC(conf-ipv6-acl)#do show run acl ! ip access-list extended testdeny seq 10 deny ip 30.1.1.
In the following example, VTY lines 0-2 use a single authentication method, line.
Exit character is '^]'. Login: Login: admin Password: DellEMC>exit DellEMC#telnet 2200:2200:2200:2200:2200::2201 Trying 2200:2200:2200:2200:2200::2201... Connected to 2200:2200:2200:2200:2200::2201. Exit character is '^]'. FreeBSD/i386 (freebsd2.force10networks.com) (ttyp1) login: admin DellEMC# Lock CONFIGURATION Mode Dell EMC Networking OS allows multiple users to make configurations at the same time.
EXEC Privilege mode reload ● Reload the system if a configuration change to the NVRAM requires a device reload. EXEC Privilege mode reload conditional nvram-cfg-change ● Reload the system into the Dell diagnostics mode. EXEC Privilege mode reload dell-diag ● Reload the system into the ONIE mode. EXEC Privilege mode reload onie [install | uninstall | rescue] Use the install parameter to reload the system and enter the Install mode to install a networking OS.
*********************************************************************** * Warning - Restoring factory defaults will delete the existing * * persistent settings (stacking, fanout, etc.) * * After restoration the unit(s) will be powercycled immediately. * * Proceed with caution ! * *********************************************************************** Proceed with factory settings? Confirm [yes/no]:yes -- Restore status -Unit Nvram Config -----------------------1 Success Power-cycling the unit(s). ....
BOOT_USER # To boot from network: BOOT_USER # boot change primary boot device : tftp file name : FTOS-SI-9-5-0-169.bin Server IP address : 10.16.127.35 BOOT_USER # 4. Assign an IP address and netmask to the Management Ethernet interface. BOOT_USER # interface management ethernet ip address ip_address_with_mask For example, 10.16.150.106/16. 5. Assign an IP address as the default gateway for the system. default-gateway gateway_ip_address For example, 10.16.150.254. 6.
5 802.1X 802.1X is a port-based Network Access Control (PNAC) that provides an authentication mechanism to devices wishing to attach to a LAN or WLAN. A device connected to a port that is enabled with 802.1X is disallowed from sending or receiving packets on the network until its identity is verified (through a username and password, for example). 802.
● The device attempting to access the network is the supplicant. The supplicant is not allowed to communicate on the network until the authenticator authorizes the port. It can only communicate with the authenticator in response to 802.1X requests. ● The device with which the supplicant communicates is the authenticator. The authenticator is the gate keeper of the network. It translates and forwards requests and responses between the authentication server and the supplicant.
Figure 5. EAP Port-Authentication EAP over RADIUS 802.1X uses RADIUS to shuttle EAP packets between the authenticator and the authentication server, as defined in RFC 3579. EAP messages are encapsulated in RADIUS packets as a type of attribute in Type, Length, Value (TLV) format. The Type value for EAP messages is 79. Figure 6. EAP Over RADIUS RADIUS Attributes for 802.1X Support Dell EMC Networking systems include the following RADIUS attributes in all 802.
Configuring 802.1X Configuring 802.1X on a port is a one-step process. For more information, refer to Enabling 802.1X. Related Configuration Tasks ● ● ● ● ● ● Configuring Request Identity Re-Transmissions Forcibly Authorizing or Unauthorizing a Port Re-Authenticating a Port Configuring Timeouts Configuring a Guest VLAN Configuring an Authentication-Fail VLAN Important Points to Remember ● Dell EMC Networking OS supports 802.
Enabling 802.1X Enable 802.1X globally. Figure 7. 802.1X Enabled 1. Enable 802.1X globally. CONFIGURATION mode dot1x authentication 2. Enter INTERFACE mode on an interface or a range of interfaces. INTERFACE mode interface [range] 3. Enable 802.1X on the supplicant interface only. INTERFACE mode dot1x authentication Verify that 802.1X is enabled globally and at the interface level using the show running-config | find dot1x command from EXEC Privilege mode.
no ip address dot1x authentication no shutdown ! DellEMC# To view 802.1X configuration information for an interface, use the show dot1x interface command. In the following example, the bold lines show that 802.1X is enabled on all ports unauthorized by default. DellEMC#show dot1x interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1/1 802.
● Configure a list of MAC addresses for a dot1x profile. DOT1X PROFILE CONFIG (conf-dot1x-profile) mac mac-address mac-address — Enter the keyword mac and type up to the 48– bit MAC addresses using the nn:nn:nn:nn:nn:nn format. A maximum of 6 MAC addresses are allowed. The following example configures 2 MAC addresses and then displays these addresses.
Auth PAE State: Backend State: Authenticated Idle Configuring Critical VLAN By default, critical-VLAN is not configured. If authentication fails because of a server which is not reachable, user session is authenticated under critical-VLAN. To configure a critical-VLAN for users or devices when authenticating server is not reachable, use the following command.
INTERFACE mode dot1x tx-period number The range is from 1 to 65535 (1 year) The default is 30. ● Configure the maximum number of times the authenticator re-transmits a Request Identity frame. INTERFACE mode dot1x max-eap-req number The range is from 1 to 10. The default is 2. The example in Configuring a Quiet Period after a Failed Authentication shows configuration information for a port for which the authenticator re-transmits an EAP Request Identity frame after 90 seconds and re-transmits for 10 times.
Forcibly Authorizing or Unauthorizing a Port The 802.1X ports can be placed into any of the three states: ● ForceAuthorized — an authorized state. A device connected to this port in this state is never subjected to the authentication process, but is allowed to communicate on the network. Placing the port in this state is same as disabling 802.1X on the port. ● ForceUnauthorized — an unauthorized state.
INTERFACE mode dot1x reauth-max number The range is from 1 to 10. The default is 2. The bold lines show that re-authentication is enabled and the new maximum and re-authentication time period. DellEMC(conf-if-Te-1/1/1)#dot1x reauthentication interval 7200 DellEMC(conf-if-Te-1/1/1)#dot1x reauth-max 10 DellEMC(conf-if-Te-1/1/1)#do show dot1x interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 802.
Guest VLAN: Disable Guest VLAN id: NONE Auth-Fail VLAN: Disable Auth-Fail VLAN id: NONE Auth-Fail Max-Attempts: NONE Tx Period: 90 seconds Quiet Period: 120 seconds ReAuth Max: 10 Supplicant Timeout: 15 seconds Server Timeout: 15 seconds Re-Auth Interval: 7200 seconds Max-EAP-Req: 10 Auth Type: Auth PAE State: Backend State: SINGLE_HOST Initialize Initialize Enter the tasks the user should do after finishing this task (optional).
Figure 8. Dynamic VLAN Assignment 1. Configure 8021.x globally (refer to Enabling 802.1X) along with relevant RADIUS server configurations (refer to the illustration inDynamic VLAN Assignment with Port Authentication). 2. Make the interface a switchport so that it can be assigned to a VLAN. 3. Create the VLAN to which the interface will be assigned. 4. Connect the supplicant to the port configured for 802.1X. 5.
● If a port is already forwarding on the Guest VLAN when 802.1X is enabled, the port is moved out of the Guest VLAN and the authentication process begins. Configuring a Guest VLAN If the supplicant does not respond within a determined amount of time ([reauth-max + 1] * tx-period, the system assumes that the host does not have 802.1X capability and the port is placed in the Guest VLAN. NOTE: For more information about configuring timeouts, refer to Configuring Timeouts.
Example of Viewing Configured Authentication 802.
6 Access Control Lists (ACLs) This chapter describes access control lists (ACLs), prefix lists, and route-maps. At their simplest, access control lists (ACLs), prefix lists, and route-maps permit or deny traffic based on MAC and/or IP addresses. This chapter describes implementing IP ACLs, IP prefix lists and route-maps. For MAC ACLS, refer to Layer 2.
• • • • • • • • • Applying an IP ACL Configure Ingress ACLs Configure Egress ACLs IP Prefix Lists ACL Remarks ACL Resequencing Route Maps Flow-Based Monitoring Configuring IP Mirror Access Group IP Access Control Lists (ACLs) In Dell EMC Networking switch/routers, you can create two different types of IP ACLs: standard or extended. A ● ● ● ● ● ● ● standard ACL filters packets based on the source IP packet.
CAM Optimization When you enable this command, if a policy map containing classification rules (ACL and/or dscp/ ip-precedence rules) is applied to more than one physical interface on the same port-pipe, only a single copy of the policy is written (only one FP entry is used). When you disable this command, the system behaves as described in this chapter. Test CAM Usage This command applies to both IPv4 and IPv6 CAM profiles, but is best used when verifying QoS optimization for IPv6 ACLs.
ACL Optimization If an access list contains duplicate entries, Dell EMC Networking OS deletes one entry to conserve CAM space. Standard and extended ACLs take up the same amount of CAM space. A single ACL rule uses two CAM entries to identify whether the access list is a standard or extended ACL.
CONFIGURATION ACL RANGE mode type [inverse value] lower threshold upper-threshold DellEMC(conf)#feature aclrange DellEMC(conf)#aclrange sportrange1 DellEMC(conf-aclrange-sportrange1)# l4srcport 1024 65535 DellEMC(conf)#aclrange destportrange1 DellEMC(conf-acl-destportrange1)# l4dstport 500 500 DellEMC(conf)#aclrange inverserange DellEMC(conf-acl-inverserange)# l4dstport inverse 1000 DellEMC# show aclrange INDEX PROFILE_NAME TYPE INVERSE LOWER UPPER REF_CNT THRESHOLD THRESHOLD ----------------------------
Creating a Route Map Route maps, ACLs, and prefix lists are similar in composition because all three contain filters, but route map filters do not contain the permit and deny actions found in ACLs and prefix lists. Route map filters match certain routes and set or specific values. To create a route map, use the following command. ● Create a route map and assign it a unique name. The optional permit and deny keywords are the actions of the route map.
Set clauses: tag 3444 DellEMC# To delete a route map, use the no route-map map-name command in CONFIGURATION mode. Configure Route Map Filters Within ROUTE-MAP mode, there are match and set commands. ● match commands search for a certain criterion in the routes. ● set commands change the characteristics of routes, either adding something or specifying a level.
CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode match interface interface The parameters are: ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ For For For For For a a a a a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port/subport information. 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. Loopback interface, enter the keyword loopback then a number from 0 to 16383. port channel interface, enter the keywords port-channel then a number.
CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode set automatic-tag ● Specify an OSPF area or ISIS level for redistributed routes. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode set level {backbone | level-1 | level-1-2 | level-2 | stub-area} ● Specify a value for the BGP route’s LOCAL_PREF attribute. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode set local-preference value ● Specify a value for redistributed routes. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode set metric {+ | - | metric-value} ● Specify an OSPF or ISIS type for redistributed routes.
Example of Calling a Route Map to Redistribute Specified Routes router ospf 34 default-information originate metric-type 1 redistribute static metric 20 metric-type 2 tag 0 route-map staticospf ! route-map staticospf permit 10 match interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 match metric 255 set level backbone Configure a Route Map for Route Tagging One method for identifying routes from different routing protocols is to assign a tag to routes from that protocol.
● For IP ACL, Dell EMC Networking OS applies implicit permit for second and subsequent fragment just prior to the implicit deny. ● If you configure an explicit deny, the second and subsequent fragments do not hit the implicit permit rule for fragments. ● Loopback interfaces do not support ACLs using the IP fragment option. If you configure an ACL with the fragments option and apply it to a Loopback interface, the command is accepted but the ACL entries are not actually installed the offending rule in CAM.
DellEMC(conf-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any fragment DellEMC(conf-ext-nacl) To log all the packets denied and to override the implicit deny rule and the implicit permit rule for TCP/ UDP fragments, use a configuration similar to the following.
ip access-list standard dilling seq 15 permit tcp 10.3.0.0/16 any monitor 300 seq 25 deny ip host 10.5.0.0 any log DellEMC(config-std-nacl)# To delete a filter, use the no seq sequence-number command in IP ACCESS LIST mode. If you are creating a standard ACL with only one or two filters, you can let Dell EMC Networking OS assign a sequence number based on the order in which the filters are configured. The software assigns filters in multiples of 5.
Configuring Filters with a Sequence Number To configure filters with a sequence number, use the following commands. 1. Enter IP ACCESS LIST mode by creating an extended IP ACL. CONFIGURATION mode ip access-list extended access-list-name 2. Configure a drop or forward filter.
seq 50 permit icmp any any source-quench count seq 55 permit icmp any any time-exceeded count DellEMC(config-ext-nacl)#show ip accounting access-list ! Extended Ingress IP access list icmp on TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 Total cam count 11 seq 5 permit icmp any any echo count (50 packets) seq 10 permit icmp any any echo-reply count (50 packets) seq 15 permit icmp any any host-unreachable count (50 packets) seq 20 permit icmp any any host-unknown count (50 packets) seq 25 permit icmp any any network-unknown coun
CONFIGURATION mode ip access-list extended access-list-name 2. Configure an extended IP ACL filter for UDP packets. CONFIG-EXT-NACL mode seq sequence-number {deny | permit} tcp {source mask | any | host ip-address} [count [byte]] [order] [monitor [session-id]] [fragments] When you create the filters with a specific sequence number, you can create the filters in any order and the filters are placed in the correct order. NOTE: When assigning sequence numbers to filters, you may have to insert a new filter.
Configure Layer 2 and Layer 3 ACLs Both Layer 2 and Layer 3 ACLs may be configured on an interface in Layer 2 mode. If both L2 and L3 ACLs are applied to an interface, the following rules apply: ● When Dell EMC Networking OS routes the packets, only the L3 ACL governs them because they are not filtered against an L2 ACL. ● When Dell EMC Networking OS switches the packets, first the L3 ACL filters them, then the L2 ACL filters them.
NOTE: ● The number of entries allowed per ACL is hardware-dependent. For detailed specification about entries allowed per ACL, refer to your line card documentation. ● One of the usage scenarios is to avoid ACL being applied on the L2 traffic which comes in via ICL. The layer 3 keyword can be used at the VLAN level. 4. Apply rules to the new ACL.
DellEMC#show ip accounting access-list ! Extended Ingress IP access list abcd on tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 seq 5 permit tcp any any seq 10 deny icmp any any seq 15 permit 1.1.1.2 Configure Egress ACLs Egress ACLs are applied to line cards and affect the traffic leaving the system. Configuring egress ACLs onto physical interfaces protects the system infrastructure from attack — malicious and incidental — by explicitly allowing only authorized traffic.
Applying Egress Layer 3 ACLs (Control-Plane) By default, packets originated from the system are not filtered by egress ACLs. For example, if you initiate a ping session from the system and apply an egress ACL to block this type of traffic on the interface, the ACL does not affect that ping traffic. The Control Plane Egress Layer 3 ACL feature enhances IP reachability debugging by implementing control-plane ACLs for CPU-generated and CPU-forwarded traffic.
Configuration Task List for Prefix Lists To configure a prefix list, use commands in PREFIX LIST, ROUTER RIP, ROUTER OSPF, and ROUTER BGP modes. Create the prefix list in PREFIX LIST mode and assign that list to commands in ROUTER RIP, ROUTER OSPF and ROUTER BGP modes. The following list includes the configuration tasks for prefix lists, as described in the following sections.
ip prefix-list prefix-name 2. Create a prefix list filter with a deny or permit action. CONFIG-NPREFIXL mode {deny | permit} ip-prefix [ge min-prefix-length] [le max-prefix-length] The optional parameters are: ● ge min-prefix-length: is the minimum prefix length to be matched (0 to 32). ● le max-prefix-length: is the maximum prefix length to be matched (0 to 32). The example shows a prefix list in which the sequence numbers were assigned by the software.
Applying a Prefix List for Route Redistribution To pass traffic through a configured prefix list, use the prefix list in a route redistribution command. Apply the prefix list to all traffic redistributed into the routing process. The traffic is either forwarded or dropped, depending on the criteria and actions specified in the prefix list. To apply a filter to routes in RIP, use the following commands. ● Enter RIP mode. CONFIGURATION mode router rip ● Apply a configured prefix list to incoming routes.
ACL Remarks While defining ACL rules, you can optionally include a remark to make the ACLs more descriptive. You can include a remark with a maximum of 80 characters in length. The remark command is available in each ACL mode. You can configure up to 4294967291 remarks for a given IP ACL and 65536 remarks for a given MAC ACL. You can include a remark with or without a remark number. If you do not enter a remark number, the remark inherits the sequence number of the last ACL rule.
ip access-list extended test remark 10 permit any ip seq 10 permit ip any any Dell(config-ext-nacl)#no remark 10 Dell(config-ext-nacl)#show config ! ip access-list extended test seq 10 permit ip any any ACL Resequencing ACL resequencing allows you to re-number the rules and remarks in an access or prefix list. The placement of rules within the list is critical because packets are matched against rules in sequential order.
The example shows the resequencing of an IPv4 access-list beginning with the number 2 and incrementing by 2. DellEMC(config-ext-nacl)# show config ! ip access-list extended test remark 4 XYZ remark 5 this remark corresponds to permit any host 1.1.1.1 seq 5 permit ip any host 1.1.1.1 remark 9 ABC remark 10 this remark corresponds to permit ip any host 1.1.1.2 seq 10 permit ip any host 1.1.1.2 seq 15 permit ip any host 1.1.1.3 seq 20 permit ip any host 1.1.1.
Implementation Information ACLs and prefix lists can only drop or forward the packet or traffic. Route maps process routes for route redistribution. For example, a route map can be called to filter only specific routes and to add a metric. Route maps also have an “implicit deny.” Unlike ACLs and prefix lists; however, where the packet or traffic is dropped, in route maps, if a route does not match any of the route map conditions, the route is not redistributed.
The port mirroring application maintains a database that contains all monitoring sessions (including port monitor sessions). It has information regarding the sessions that are enabled for flow-based monitoring and those sessions that are not enabled for flow-based monitoring. It downloads monitoring configuration to the ACL agent whenever the ACL agent is registered with the port mirroring application or when flow-based monitoring is enabled.
To view an access-list that you applied to an interface, use the show ip accounting access-list command from EXEC Privilege mode. DellEMC(conf)#monitor session 0 DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-0)#flow-based enable DellEMC(conf)#ip access-list ext testflow DellEMC(config-ext-nacl)#seq 5 permit icmp any any count bytes monitor DellEMC(config-ext-nacl)#seq 10 permit ip 102.1.1.
Dell(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip any any count monitor 65535 5. Associate the IP access list to an interface. INTERFACE mode ip mirror-access-group access-list-name {in | out} [implicit-permit] [vlan vlan-id] [optimized] Dell(conf-if-te-0/4)#ip mirror-access-group acl3 in To view which IP mirror-access-group is applied to an interface, use the show config command in INTERFACE mode, or use the show running-config command in EXEC mode.
7 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) BFD is a protocol that is used to rapidly detect communication failures between two adjacent systems. It is a simple and lightweight replacement for existing routing protocol link state detection mechanisms. It also provides a failure detection solution for links on which no routing protocol is used. BFD is a simple hello mechanism. Two neighboring systems running BFD establish a session using a three-way handshake.
BFD Packet Format Control packets are encapsulated in user datagram protocol (UDP) packets. The following illustration shows the complete encapsulation of a BFD control packet inside an IPv4 packet. Figure 9. BFD in IPv4 Packet Format Field Description Diagnostic Code The reason that the last session failed. State The current local session state. Refer to BFD Sessions. Flag A bit that indicates packet function.
Field Description Your Discriminator A random number generated by the remote system to identify the session. Discriminator values are necessary to identify the session to which a control packet belongs because there can be many sessions running on a single interface. Desired Min TX Interval The minimum rate at which the local system would like to send control packets to the remote system.
State Description Init The local system is communicating. Up Both systems are exchanging control packets. The session is declared down if: ● A control packet is not received within the detection time. ● Sufficient echo packets are lost. ● Demand mode is active and a control packet is not received in response to a poll packet. BFD Three-Way Handshake A three-way handshake must take place between the systems that participate in the BFD session.
Session State Changes The following illustration shows how the session state on a system changes based on the status notification it receives from the remote system. For example, if a session on a system is down and it receives a Down status notification from the remote system, the session state on the local system changes to Init. Figure 11.
● ● ● ● ● Configure BFD for OSPFv3 Configure BFD for IS-IS Configure BFD for BGP Configure BFD for VRRP Configuring Protocol Liveness Configure BFD for Physical Ports Configuring BFD for physical ports is supported on the C-Series and E-Series platforms only. BFD on physical ports is useful when you do not enable the routing protocol. Without BFD, if the remote system fails, the local system does not remove the connected route until the first failed attempt to send a packet.
Remote Addr: 2.2.2.
Establishing Sessions for Static Routes for Default VRF Sessions are established for all neighbors that are the next hop of a static route on the default VRF. Figure 12. Establishing Sessions for Static Routes To establish a BFD session, use the following command. ● Establish BFD sessions for all neighbors that are the next hop of a static route.
Example Configuration and Verification The following example contains static routes for both default and nondefault VRFs. Dell#sh run | grep bfd bfd enable ip route bfd prefix-list p4_le ip route bfd vrf vrf1 ip route bfd vrf vrf2 ip route bfd vrf vrf1 prefix-list p4_le The following example shows that sessions are created for static routes for the default VRF.
Prefix lists are used in route maps and route filtering operations. You can use prefix lists as an alternative to existing access lists (ACLs). A prefix is a portion of the IP address. Prefix lists constitute any number of bits in an IP address starting from the far left bit of the far left octet. By specifying the exactly number of bits in an IP address that belong to a prefix list, the prefix list can be used to aggregate addresses and perform some functions; for example, redistribution.
no ip route bfd [prefix-list prefix-list-name] [interval interval min_rx min_rx multiplier value role {active | passive}] Configure BFD for IPv6 Static Routes BFD offers systems a link state detection mechanism for static routes. With BFD, systems are notified to remove static routes from the routing table as soon as the link state change occurs, rather than waiting until packets fail to reach their next hop. Configuring BFD for IPv6 static routes is a three-step process: 1. Enable BFD globally. 2.
ipv6 route bfd vrf vrf-name [prefix-list prefix-list-name] [interval interval min_rx min_rx multiplier value role {active | passive}] Example Configuration and Verification The following example contains static routes for both default and nondefault VRFs. Dell#show run | grep bfd bfd enable ipv6 route bfd prefix-list p6_le ipv6 route bfd vrf vrf1 ipv6 route bfd vrf vrf2 ipv6 route bfd vrf vrf1 prefix-list p6_le The following example shows that sessions are created for static routes for the default VRF.
Changing IPv6 Static Route Session Parameters BFD sessions are configured with default intervals and a default role. The parameters you can configure are: Desired TX Interval, Required Min RX Interval, Detection Multiplier, and system role. These parameters are configured for all static routes. If you change a parameter, the change affects all sessions for static routes. To change parameters for static route sessions, use the following command . ● Change parameters for all static route sessions.
Establishing Sessions with OSPF Neighbors for the Default VRF BFD sessions can be established with all OSPF neighbors at once or sessions can be established with all neighbors out of a specific interface. Sessions are only established when the OSPF adjacency is in the Full state. Figure 13. Establishing Sessions with OSPF Neighbors To establish BFD with all OSPF neighbors or with OSPF neighbors on a single interface, use the following commands. ● Enable BFD globally.
The bold line shows the OSPF BFD sessions. R2(conf-router_ospf)#bfd all-neighbors R2(conf-router_ospf)#do show bfd neighbors * - Active session role Ad Dn - Admin Down C - CLI I - ISIS O - OSPF R - Static Route (RTM) LocalAddr RemoteAddr Interface State Rx-int Tx-int Mult Clients * 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.1 Te 2/1/1 Up 100 100 3 O * 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.2 Te 2/2/1 Up 100 100 3 O Establishing Sessions with OSPF Neighbors for nondefault VRFs To configure BFD in a nondefault VRF, follow this procedure: ● Enable BFD globally.
LocalAddr * 10.1.3.2 RemoteAddr 10.1.3.1 Interface State Rx-int Tx-int Mult Clients Te 1/3/1 Up 300 250 3 C show bfd vrf VRF_blue neighbors * Ad Dn B C I O O3 R M V VT - Active session role Admin Down BGP CLI ISIS OSPF OSPFv3 Static Route (RTM) MPLS VRRP Vxlan Tunnel LocalAddr * 10.1.3.2 RemoteAddr 10.1.3.1 Interface Te 1/3/1 State Rx-int Tx-int Mult VRF Clients Up 300 250 3 255 O DellEMC# show bfd neighbors detail Session Discriminator: 1 Neighbor Discriminator: 1 Local Addr: 10.1.3.
To view session parameters, use the show bfd neighbors detail command. Disabling BFD for OSPF If you disable BFD globally, all sessions are torn down and sessions on the remote system are placed in a Down state. If you disable BFD on an interface, sessions on the interface are torn down and sessions on the remote system are placed in a Down state. Disabling BFD does not trigger a change in BFD clients; a final Admin Down packet is sent before the session is terminated.
VT - Vxlan Tunnel LocalAddr Clients * 1.1.1.1 RemoteAddr Interface State Rx-int Tx-int Mult 1.1.1.2 Te 1/21/3 Up 200 200 3 O * 2.1.1.1 2.1.1.2 Vl 2 Up 200 200 3 O * fe80::2a0:c9ff:fe00:2 O3 fe80::3617:98ff:fe34:12 Fo 1/1 Up 200 200 3 * fe80::2a0:c9ff:fe00:2 O3 DellEMC# fe80::3617:98ff:fe34:12 Vl 2 Up 200 200 3 Establishing BFD Sessions with OSPFv3 Neighbors for nondefault VRFs To configure BFD in a nondefault VRF, use the following procedure: ● Enable BFD globally.
* 10.1.1.1 511 O 10.1.1.2 Vl 100 Up 150 150 3 * 11.1.1.1 511 O 11.1.1.2 Vl 101 Up 150 150 3 * 12.1.1.1 511 O 12.1.1.2 Vl 102 Up 150 150 3 * 13.1.1.1 511 O 13.1.1.
Configure BFD for IS-IS When using BFD with IS-IS, the IS-IS protocol registers with the BFD manager on the RPM. BFD sessions are then established with all neighboring interfaces participating in IS-IS. If a neighboring interface fails, the BFD agent on the line card notifies the BFD manager, which in turn notifies the IS-IS protocol that a link state change occurred. Configuring BFD for IS-IS is a two-step process: 1. Enable BFD globally. 2. Establish sessions for all or particular IS-IS neighbors.
INTERFACE mode isis bfd all-neighbors To view the established sessions, use the show bfd neighbors command. The bold line shows that IS-IS BFD sessions are enabled. R2(conf-router_isis)#bfd all-neighbors R2(conf-router_isis)#do show bfd neighbors * - Active session role Ad Dn - Admin Down C - CLI I - ISIS O - OSPF R - Static Route (RTM) LocalAddr * 2.2.2.2 RemoteAddr Interface State Rx-int Tx-int Mult Clients 2.2.2.
Configure BFD for BGP In a BGP core network, BFD provides rapid detection of communication failures in BGP fast-forwarding paths between internal BGP (iBGP) and external BGP (eBGP) peers for faster network reconvergence. BFD for BGP is supported on physical, portchannel, and VLAN interfaces. BFD for BGP does not support the BGP multihop feature. Before configuring BFD for BGP, you must first configure BGP on the routers that you want to interconnect.
Prerequisites Before configuring BFD for BGP, you must first configure the following settings: ● Configure BGP on the routers that you want to interconnect. Establishing Sessions with BGP Neighbors for Default VRF To establish sessions with either IPv6 or IPv4 BGP neighbors for the default VRF, follow these steps: 1. Enable BFD globally. CONFIGURATION mode bfd enable 2. Specify the AS number and enter ROUTER BGP configuration mode. CONFIGURATION mode router bgp as-number 3.
neighbor 20::2 activate exit-address-family DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# Establishing Sessions with BGP Neighbors for Nondefault VRF To establish sessions with either IPv6 or IPv4 BGP neighbors for nondefault VRFs, follow these steps: 1. Enable BFD globally. CONFIGURATION mode bfd enable 2. Specify the AS number and enter ROUTER BGP configuration mode. CONFIGURATION mode router bgp as-number 3. Specify the address family as IPv4. CONFIG-ROUTERBGP mode address-family ipv4 vrf vrf-name 4.
router bgp 1 ! address-family ipv4 vrf vrf1 neighbor 10.1.1.2 remote-as 2 neighbor 10.1.1.2 no shutdown neighbor 20::2 remote-as 2 neighbor 20::2 no shutdown bfd all-neighbors exit-address-family ! address-family ipv6 unicast vrf vrf1 neighbor 20::2 activate exit-address-family DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# Disabling BFD for BGP You can disable BFD for BGP. To disable a BFD for BGP session with a specified neighbor, use the first command.
neighbor 3.3.3.2 remote-as 1 neighbor 3.3.3.2 no shutdown bfd all-neighbors The following example shows viewing all BFD neighbors. R2# show bfd neighbors * - Active session role Ad Dn - Admin Down B - BGP C - CLI I - ISIS O - OSPF R - Static Route (RTM) M - MPLS V - VRRP LocalAddr * 1.1.1.3 * 2.2.2.3 * 3.3.3.3 RemoteAddr 1.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.
Uptime: 00:02:22 Statistics: Number of packets received from neighbor: 1428 Number of packets sent to neighbor: 1428 Number of state changes: 1 Number of messages from IFA about port state change: 0 Number of messages communicated b/w Manager and Agent: 4 The following example shows viewing BFD summary information. The bold line shows the message displayed when you enable BFD for BGP connections. R2# show ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 10.0.0.
R2# show ip bgp neighbors 2.2.2.3 BGP neighbor is 2.2.2.3, remote AS 1, external link Member of peer-group pg1 for session parameters BGP version 4, remote router ID 12.0.0.4 BGP state ESTABLISHED, in this state for 00:05:33 ... Neighbor is using BGP neighbor mode BFD configuration Peer active in peer-group outbound optimization ... R2# show ip bgp neighbors 2.2.2.4 BGP neighbor is 2.2.2.4, remote AS 1, external link Member of peer-group pg1 for session parameters BGP version 4, remote router ID 12.0.0.
Establishing Sessions with All VRRP Neighbors BFD sessions can be established for all VRRP neighbors at once, or a session can be established with a particular neighbor. Figure 16. Establishing Sessions with All VRRP Neighbors To establish sessions with all VRRP neighbors, use the following command. ● Establish sessions with all VRRP neighbors.
LocalAddr RemoteAddr Interface State Rx-int Tx-int Mult Clients * 2.2.5.1 2.2.5.2 Te 1/1/1 Down 1000 1000 3 V To view session state information, use the show vrrp command. The bold line shows the VRRP BFD session. DellEMC(conf-if-te-4/25/1)#do show vrrp -----------------TenGigabitEthernet 4/1/1, VRID: 1, Net: 2.2.5.1 VRF:0 default State: Backup, Priority: 1, Master: 2.2.5.
Configuring Protocol Liveness Protocol liveness is a feature that notifies the BFD manager when a client protocol is disabled. When you disable a client, all BFD sessions for that protocol are torn down. Neighbors on the remote system receive an Admin Down control packet and are placed in the Down state. To enable protocol liveness, use the following command. ● Enable Protocol Liveness.
8 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an interdomain routing protocol that manages routing between edge routers. BGP uses an algorithm to exchange routing information between switches enabled with BGP. BGP determines a path to reach a particular destination using certain attributes while avoiding routing loops. BGP selects a single path as the best path to a destination network or host. You can also influence BGP to select different path by altering some of the BGP attributes.
the knowledge to reach routers external to the AS. EBGP routers exchange information with other EBGP routers as well as IBGP routers to maintain connectivity and accessibility. Figure 17. BGP Topology with autonomous systems (AS) BGP version 4 (BGPv4) supports classless interdomain routing (CIDR) and aggregate routes and AS paths. BGP is a path vector protocol — a computer network in which BGP maintains the path that updated information takes as it diffuses through the network.
Figure 18. BGP Routers in Full Mesh The number of BGP speakers each BGP peer must maintain increases exponentially. Network management quickly becomes impossible. AS4 Number Representation Dell EMC Networking OS supports multiple representations of 4-byte AS numbers: asplain, asdot+, and asdot. NOTE: The ASDOT and ASDOT+ representations are supported only with the 4-Byte AS numbers feature. If 4-Byte AS numbers are not implemented, only ASPLAIN representation is supported.
● All AS numbers between 0 and 65535 are represented as a decimal number, when entered in the CLI and when displayed in the show commands outputs. ● AS Numbers larger than 65535 is represented using ASDOT notation as .. For example: AS 65546 is represented as 1.10. ASDOT representation combines the ASPLAIN and ASDOT+ representations.
DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#do sho ip bgp BGP table version is 28093, local router ID is 172.30.1.57 AS4 SUPPORT DISABLED DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#no bgp four-octet-as-support DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#sho conf ! router bgp 100 neighbor 172.30.1.250 local-as 65057 DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#do show ip bgp BGP table version is 28093, local router ID is 172.30.1.57 Four-Byte AS Numbers You can use the 4-Byte (32-bit) format when configuring autonomous system numbers (ASNs).
State Description Idle BGP initializes all resources, refuses all inbound BGP connection attempts, and initiates a TCP connection to the peer. Connect In this state the router waits for the TCP connection to complete, transitioning to the OpenSent state if successful. If that transition is not successful, BGP resets the ConnectRetry timer and transitions to the Active state when the timer expires. Active The router resets the ConnectRetry timer to zero and returns to the Connect state.
Best Path Selection Criteria Paths for active routes are grouped in ascending order according to their neighboring external AS number (BGP best path selection is deterministic by default, which means the bgp non-deterministic-med command is NOT applied). The best path in each group is selected based on specific criteria. Only one “best path” is selected at a time. If any of the criteria results in more than one path, BGP moves on to the next option in the list.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. a. This comparison is only done if the first (neighboring) AS is the same in the two paths; the MEDs are compared only if the first AS in the AS_SEQUENCE is the same for both paths. b. If you entered the bgp always-compare-med command, MEDs are compared for all paths. c. Paths with no MED are treated as “worst” and assigned a MED of 4294967295. Prefer external (EBGP) to internal (IBGP) paths or confederation EBGP paths.
Figure 20. BGP Local Preference Multi-Exit Discriminators (MEDs) If two ASs connect in more than one place, a multi-exit discriminator (MED) can be used to assign a preference to a preferred path. MED is one of the criteria used to determine the best path, so keep in mind that other criteria may impact selection, as shown in the illustration in Best Path Selection Criteria. One AS assigns the MED a value and the other AS uses that value to decide the preferred path.
Figure 21. Multi-Exit Discriminators NOTE: Configuring the set metric-type internal command in a route-map advertises the IGP cost as MED to outbound EBGP peers when redistributing routes. The configured set metric value overwrites the default IGP cost. If the outbound route-map uses MED, it overwrites IGP MED. Origin The origin indicates the origin of the prefix, or how the prefix came into BGP. There are three origin codes: IGP, EGP, INCOMPLETE.
The AS path is shown in the following example. The origin attribute is shown following the AS path information (shown in bold).
the unicast and multicast BGP database to form a routing table for unicast and multicast. You can configure BGP peers that exchange both unicast and multicast Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) in which MBGP routes is redistributed into BGP. The default is IPv4 unicast. IPv4 and IPv6 address family The IPv4 address family configuration in Dell EMC Networking OS is used for identifying routing sessions for protocols that use IPv4 address. You can specify multicast within the IPv4 address family.
BGP global configuration default values By default, BGP is disabled. The following table displays the default values for BGP on Dell EMC Networking OS. Table 8. BGP Default Values Item Default BGP Neighbor Adjacency changes All BGP neighbor changes are logged.
● If the redistribute command has metric configured (route-map set metric or redistribute route-type metric) and the BGP peer outbound route-map has metric-type internal configured, BGP advertises the metric configured in the redistribute command as MED. ● If BGP peer outbound route-map has metric configured, all other metrics are overwritten by this configuration. NOTE: When redistributing static, connected, or OSPF routes, there is no metric option.
Figure 22. Before and After AS Number Migration with Local-AS Enabled When you complete your migration, and you have reconfigured your network with the new information, disable this feature. If you use the “no prepend” option, the Local-AS does not prepend to the updates received from the eBGP peer. If you do not select “no prepend” (the default), the Local-AS is added to the first AS segment in the AS-PATH.
● Configure inbound BGP soft-reconfiguration on a peer for f10BgpM2PrefixInPrefixesRejected to display the number of prefixes filtered due to a policy. If you do enable BGP soft-reconfig, the denied prefixes are not accounted for. ● F10BgpM2AdjRibsOutRoute stores the pointer to the NLRI in the peer's Adj-Rib-Out. ● PA Index (f10BgpM2PathAttrIndex field in various tables) is used to retrieve specific attributes from the PA table.
Basic BGP configuration tasks The following sections describe how to configure a basic BGP network and the basic configuration tasks that are required for the BGP to be up and running.
neighbor {ip-address | ipv6-address| peer-group name} remote-as as-number ● ip-address: IPv4 address of the neighbor ● ipv6-address: IPv6 address of the neighbor ● peer-group name: Name of the peer group. It can contain 16 characters. ● as-number: Autonomous number NOTE: Neighbors that are defined using the neighbor remote-as command in the CONFIGURATION-ROUTERBGP mode exchange IPv4 unicast address prefixes only. 3. Enable the BGP neighbor.
The third line of the show ip bgp neighbors output contains the BGP State. If anything other than ESTABLISHED is listed, the neighbor is not exchanging information and routes. For more information about using the show ip bgp neighbors command, refer to the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Line Interface Reference Guide. The following example shows the show ip bgp neighbors command output. DellEMC#show ip bgp neighbors BGP neighbor is 20.20.20.1, remote AS 20, external link BGP remote router ID 1.1.1.
1 neighbor(s) using 40960 bytes of memory Neighbor 20.20.20.1 AS 200 MsgRcvd 0 MsgSent 0 TblVer 0 InQ 0 OutQ Up/Down State/Pfx 0 00:00:00 0 Changing a BGP router ID BGP uses the configured router ID to identify the devices in the network. By default, the router ID is the highest IP address of the Loopback interface. If no Loopback interfaces are configured, the highest IP address of a physical interface on the router is used as the BGP router ID.
bgp asnotation asplain NOTE: ASPLAIN is the default method Dell EMC Networking OS uses and does not appear in the configuration display. ● Enable ASDOT AS Number representation. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode bgp asnotation asdot ● Enable ASDOT+ AS Number representation. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode bgp asnotation asdot+ The following example shows the bgp asnotation asplain command output.
CONFIG mode router bgp as-number ● Add the IP address of the neighbor for the specified autonomous system. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | ipv6–address | peer-group-name} remote-as as-number ● Enable the neighbor. CONFIG-ROUTERBGP mode neighbor ip-address | ipv6-address | peer-group-name no shutdown ● Specify the IPv4 address family configuration. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode address-family ipv4 [multicast | vrf vrf-name] multicast — Specifies the IPv4 multicast address family.
To support your own IP addresses, interfaces, names, and so on, you can copy and paste from these examples to your CLI. Be sure that you make the necessary changes. Example-Configuring BGP routing between peers Example of enabling BGP in Router A Following is an example to enable BGP configuration in the router A. RouterA# configure terminal RouterA(conf)# router bgp 40000 RouterA(conf-router_bgp)# bgp router-id 10.1.1.99 RouterA(conf-router_bgp)# timers bgp 80 130 RouterA(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 192.
● You must create a peer group first before adding the neighbors in the peer group. ● If you remove any configuration parameters from a peer group, it will apply to all the neighbors configured under that peer group. ● If you have not configured a parameter for an individual neighbor in the peer group, the neighbor uses the value configured in the peer group. ● If you reset any parameter for an individual neighbor, it will override the value set in the peer group.
To add an internal BGP (IBGP) neighbor, configure the as-number parameter with the same BGP as-number configured in the router bgp as-number command. After you create a peer group, you can use any of the commands beginning with the keyword neighbor to configure that peer group. When you add a peer to a peer group, it inherits all the peer group’s configured parameters.
Example-Configuring BGP peer groups The following example configurations show how to enable BGP and set up some peer groups. These examples are not comprehensive directions. They are intended to give you some guidance with typical configurations. To support your own IP addresses, interfaces, names, and so on, you can copy and paste from these examples to your CLI. Be sure that you make the necessary changes. The following illustration shows the configurations described on the following examples.
R1(conf-if-te-1/31)#show config ! interface TengigabitEthernet 1/31 ip address 10.0.3.31/24 no shutdown R1(conf-if-te-1/31)#exit R1(conf)#ip route 192.168.128.2/32 10.0.1.22 R1(conf)#router bgp 99 R1(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.2 remote 99 R1(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.2 no shut R1(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.2 update-source loop 0 R1(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 10.0.3.33 remote 100 R1(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 10.0.3.
R3(conf-if-te-3/11/1)#no shutdown R3(conf-if-te-3/11/1)#show config ! interface TengigabitEthernet 3/11/1 ip address 10.0.3.33/24 no shutdown R3(conf-if-te-3/11/1)#int gi 3/21/1 R3(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#ip address 10.0.2.3/24 R3(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#no shutdown R3(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#show config ! interface TengigabitEthernet 3/21/1 ip address 10.0.2.3/24 no shutdown R3(conf-if-te-3/21/1)# R3(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#router bgp 100 R3(conf-router_bgp)#show config ! router bgp 100 R3(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 10.0.3.
Example of Enabling Peer Groups (Router 2) R2#conf R2(conf)#router bgp 99 R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor CCC peer-group R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor CC no shutdown R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor BBB peer-group R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor BBB no shutdown R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 192.168.128.1 peer AAA R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 192.168.128.1 no shut R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 192.168.128.3 peer BBB R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 192.168.128.
Advanced BGP configuration tasks The following sections describe how to configure the advanced (optional) BGP configuration tasks. Route-refresh and Soft-reconfiguration BGP soft-reconfiguration allows for faster and easier route changing. Changing routing policies typically requires a reset of BGP sessions (the TCP connection) for the policies to take effect. Such resets cause undue interruption to traffic due to hard reset of the BGP cache and the time it takes to re-establish the session.
Route-refresh This section explains how the soft-reconfiguration and route-refresh works. Soft-reconfiguration has to be configured explicitly for a neighbor unlike route refresh, which is automatically negotiated between BGP peers when establishing a peer session. The route-refresh updates will be sent, only if the neighbor soft-reconfiguration inbound command is not configured in a BGP neighbor and when you do a soft reset using clear ip bgp {neighbor-address | peer-groupname} soft in command.
redistribute connected neighbor 20.1.1.2 remote-as 200 neighbor 20.1.1.2 no shutdown neighbor 20::2 remote-as 200 neighbor 20::2 no shutdown ! address-family ipv6 unicast redistribute connected neighbor 20::2 activate exit-address-family ! DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#do clear ip bgp 20.1.1.2 soft in May 8 15:28:11 : BGP: 20.1.1.2 sending ROUTE_REFRESH AFI/SAFI (1/1) May 8 15:28:12 : BGP: 20.1.1.2 UPDATE rcvd packet len 56 May 8 15:28:12 : BGP: 20.1.1.2 rcvd UPDATE w/ attr: origin ?, path 200, nexthop 20.1.1.
○ suppress-map map-name-Create aggregate route by suppressing the advertisements of specific routes. ○ advertise-map map-name-Create aggregate route by advertising specific routes. Configuring BGP aggregate routes To create an aggregate route entry in the BGP routing table, use the following commands. The aggregate route is advertised from the autonomous system. ● Enter the router configuration mode and the AS number for the specific BGP routing process.
DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# aggregate-address 10.1.1.0/24 suppress-map map1 DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# exit DellEMC(conf)# The route-map named map1 can have any action such as permit and sequence number configured, so that the advertisement of aggregate routes can be suppressed based on the set action in the route-map. Following is the sample configuration to suppress the advertisement of specific aggregate routes to all neighbors.
As seen in the following example, the expressions are displayed when using the show commands. To view the AS-PATH ACL configuration, use the show config command in CONFIGURATION AS-PATH ACL mode and the show ip as-pathaccess-list command in EXEC Privilege mode. For more information about this command and route filtering, refer to Filtering BGP Routes. The following example applies access list Eagle to routes inbound from BGP peer 10.5.5.2.
NOTE: When you configure a new set of BGP policies, to ensure the changes are made, always reset the neighbor or peer group by using the clear ip bgp command in EXEC Privilege mode. Filtering BGP using IP prefix lists An IP prefix lists contains a list of networks. When applying an IP prefix list to a BGP neighbor, you can able to send or receive the routes whose destination is in the IP prefix list. Filtering BGP routes based on IP prefix lists involves the following steps: ● Create a prefix list.
10.10.10.2. So the routes from 10.10.10.1/24 network is distributed to neighbor 10.10.10.2 since the IP prefix list route10 explicitly permits the routes to be distributed to the neighbor. To view the BGP configuration, use the show config command in ROUTER BGP mode. To view a prefix list configuration, use the show ip prefix-list detail or show ip prefix-list summary commands in EXEC Privilege mode. Filtering BGP Routes Using Route Maps To filter routes using a route map, use these commands. 1.
To configure an AS-PATH ACL to filter a specific AS_PATH value, use these commands in the following sequence. 1. Assign a name to a AS-PATH ACL and enter AS-PATH ACL mode. CONFIGURATION mode ip as-path access-list as-path-name 2. Enter the parameter to match BGP AS-PATH for filtering. CONFIG-AS-PATH mode {deny | permit} filter parameter This is the filter that is used to match the AS-path. The entries can be any format, letters, numbers, or regular expressions.
CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode match {community community-list-name [exact] | extcommunity extcommunity-list-name [exact]} 3. Return to CONFIGURATION mode. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode exit 4. Enter ROUTER BGP mode. CONFIGURATION mode router bgp as-number AS-number: 0 to 65535 (2-Byte) or 1 to 4294967295 (4-Byte) or 0.1 to 65535.65535 (Dotted format) 5. Apply the route map to the neighbor or peer group’s incoming or outgoing routes.
DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 10.10.10.1 fall-over DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# exit DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# To verify that you enabled fast fall-over on a particular BGP neighbor, use the show ip bgp neighbors command. Because fast fall-over is disabled by default, it appears only if it has been enabled (shown in bold). DellEMC#show ip bgp neighbors BGP neighbor is 10.10.10.1, remote AS 500, internal link Member of peer-group test for session parameters BGP version 4, remote router ID 30.30.30.
neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor DellEMC# test peer-group test fall-over test no shutdown 10.10.10.1 remote-as 500 10.10.10.1 fall-over 10.10.10.1 update-source Loopback 0 10.10.10.1 no shutdown Configuring Passive Peering When you enable a peer-group, the software sends an OPEN message to initiate a TCP connection. If you enable passive peering for the peer group, the software does not send an OPEN message, but it responds to an OPEN message.
● Save all forwarding information base (FIB) and content addressable memory (CAM) entries on the line card and continue forwarding traffic while the secondary route processor module (RPM) is coming online. ● Advertise to all BGP neighbors and peer-groups that the forwarding state of all routes has been saved. This prompts all peers to continue saving the routes they receive and to continue forwarding traffic.
○ metric value: The value is from 0 to 16777215. The default is 0. ○ route-map map-name: Specify the name of a configured route map to be consulted before adding the ISIS route. ● Include specific OSPF routes into BGP. ROUTER BGP or CONF-ROUTER_BGPv6_ AF mode redistribute ospf process-id [match external {1 | 2} | match internal] [metric-type {external | internal}] [route-map map-name] Configure the following parameters: ○ ospf: Indicates that you are redistributing OSPF routes in BGP.
DellEMC(conf-router_bgp_af)# neighbor 10.10.10.1 add-path both 3 DellEMC(conf-router_bgp_af)# exit The above configuration example shows how to enable BGP additional paths to be sent and received with a maximum of two additional paths to the peers. You can configure the neighbor to send and receive additional paths using the neighbor add-pathcommand at the address family configuration level.
deny 702:667 deny 703:667 deny 704:666 deny 705:666 deny 14551:666 DellEMC# Configuring an IP Extended Community List To configure an IP extended community list, use these commands. 1. Create a extended community list and enter the EXTCOMMUNITY-LIST mode. CONFIGURATION mode ip extcommunity-list extcommunity-list-name 2. Two types of extended communities are supported.
Configure BGP attributes Following sections explain how to configure the BGP attributes such as MED, COMMUNITY, WEIGHT, and LOCAL_PREFERENCE. Changing MED Attributes By default, Dell EMC Networking OS uses the MULTI_EXIT_DISC or MED attribute when comparing EBGP paths received from different BGP neighbors or peers from the same AS for the same route. You can configure the device to compare the MED attributes from neighbors or peers in different AS using the bgp always-compare-med command.
● community-number: use AA:NN format where AA is the AS number (2 or 4 Bytes) and NN is a value specific to that autonomous system. ● local-AS: routes with the COMMUNITY attribute of NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED and are not sent to EBGP peers. ● no-advertise: routes with the COMMUNITY attribute of NO_ADVERTISE and are not advertised. ● no-export: routes with the COMMUNITY attribute of NO_EXPORT. ● none: remove the COMMUNITY attribute. ● additive: add the communities to already existing communities. 3.
value: the range is from 0 to 4294967295. The default is 100. DellEMC# configure terminal DellEMC(conf)# router bgp 400 DellEMC(conf_router_bgp)# neighbor 10.10.10.1 remote-as 500 DellEMC(conf_router_bgp)# bgp default local-preference 150 DellEMC(conf_router_bgp)# exit In the above example configuration, the default LOCAL_PREFERENCE value is changed to 150 for all the updates from AS 500 to AS 400. The default value is 100.
● Disable next hop processing and configure the router (route reflector) as the next hop for a BGP neighbor. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | ipv6-address | peer-group-name} next-hop-self [all] If you do not use the all keyword, the next hop of only eBGP-learned routes is updated by the route reflector. If you use the all keyword, the next hop of both eBGP- and iBGP-learned routes are updated by the route reflector. ● Sets the next hop address.
○ number: Maximum number of parallel paths. The range is from 2 to 64. DellEMC# configure terminal DellEMC(conf)# router bgp 400 DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# maximum-paths ibgp 5 DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# exit In the above example configuration, the maximum number of parallel internal BGP routes is set to 5, so that only 5 routes can be installed in a routing table. The show ip bgp network command includes multipath information for that network.
● Assign a cluster ID or an IP address to a router reflector cluster. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode bgp cluster-id ip-address | number ○ ip-address: IP address as the route reflector cluster ID. ○ number: A route reflector cluster ID as a number from 1 to 4294967295. You can have multiple clusters in an AS. When a BGP cluster contains only one route reflector, the cluster ID is the route reflector’s router ID. For redundancy, a BGP cluster may contain two or more route reflectors.
○ suppress: the range is from 1 to 20000. This number is compared to the flapping route’s Penalty value. If the Penalty value is greater than the suppress value, the flapping route is no longer advertised (that is, it is suppressed). The default is 2000.) ○ max-suppress-time: the range is from 1 to 255. The maximum number of minutes a route can be suppressed. The default is four times the half-life value. The default is 60 minutes. ○ route-map map-name: name of a configured route map.
route-map Route-map to specify criteria for dampening To view a count of dampened routes, history routes, and penalized routes when you enable route dampening, look at the seventh line of the show ip bgp summary command output, as shown in the following example (bold). DellEMC>show ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 10.114.8.
In the above example configuration, the BGP timers are set with keepalive time as 80 seconds with which the system sends keepalive messages to the BGP peer and holdtime as 120 seconds with which the system waits for a message from the BGP peer before concluding that the peer is dead. To view non-default values, use the show config command in CONFIGURATION ROUTER BGP mode or the show running-config bgp command in EXEC Privilege mode.
2. Shut down the BGP neighbors corresponding to the IPv4 unicast address family using the following command: shutdown address-family-ipv4-unicast To enable or disable BGP neighbors corresponding to IPv4 multicast address family: 1. Enter the router bgp mode using the following command: CONFIGURATION Mode router bgp as-number 2.
Match a Clause with a Continue Clause The continue feature can exist without a match clause. Without a match clause, the continue clause executes and jumps to the specified route-map entry. With a match clause and a continue clause, the match clause executes first and the continue clause next in a specified route map entry. The continue clause launches only after a successful match.
● Enter the router configuration mode and the AS number. CONFIG mode router bgp as-number ● Specify the IPv4 address family configuration. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode address-family {ipv4 [multicast] | ipv6 unicast} vrf vrf-name vrf vrf-name — Specifies the name of VRF instance associated with the IPv4 or IPv6 address-family configuration. ● Add the IP address of the neighbor in the specified AS to the IPv4 MBGP neighbor table.
neighbor 50.0.0.2 activate exit-address-family ! address-family ipv6 unicast vrf vrf1 neighbor 50.0.0.2 activate exit-address-family DellEMC# Maintaining Existing AS Numbers During an AS Migration The local-as feature smooths out the BGP network migration operation and allows you to maintain existing ASNs during a BGP network migration. When you complete your migration, be sure to reconfigure your routers with the new information and disable this feature. ● Allow external routes from this neighbor.
○ peer-group-name: 16 characters. ○ Number: 1 through 10. Format: IP Address: A.B.C.D and IPv6 adress: X:X:X:X::X. You must Configure Peer Groups before assigning it to an AS. The lines shown in bold are the number of times ASN 65123 can appear in the AS path (allows–in 9). To disable this feature, use the no neighbor allow-as in number command in CONFIGURATION ROUTER BGP mode. R2(conf-router_bgp)#show conf ! router bgp 65123 bgp router-id 192.168.10.2 network 10.10.21.0/24 network 10.10.32.
MBGP support for IPv6 MBGP suports IPv6 with same features and functionality as IPv4 BGP. MBGP for IPv6 supports IPv6 address-family and Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) and next hop that uses IPv6 address. Configuring IPv6 MBGP between peers To configure IPv6 MBGP, use the following commands. Following are the steps to configure IPv6 MBGP between two peers. The neighbors that are configured using neighbor remote-as command exchange only the IPv4 unicast address prefixes.
Example-Configuring IPv4 and IPv6 neighbors Example of enabling BGP and address family configuration in router (R1) Following is an example to enable BGP and address family configuration for the neighbor R2 (20.20.20.2) in the router R1. R1(conf)# router bgp 10 R1(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 20.20.20.2 remote-as 200 R1(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 20.20.20.2 no shutdown R1(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 2001::2 remote-as 200 R1(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 2001::2 no shutdown R1(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 30.30.30.
Following is the output of show ip bgp ipv6 unicast summary command for the above configuration example. R1#show ip bgp ipv6 unicast summary BGP router identifier 1.1.1.1, local AS number 10 BGP local RIB : Routes to be Added 0, Replaced 0, Withdrawn 0 2 neighbor(s) using 24576 bytes of memory Neighbor 20.20.20.
Configure IPv6 NH Automatically for IPv6 Prefix Advertised over IPv4 Neighbor You can configure the system to pick the next hop IPv6 address dynamically for IPv6 prefix advertised over an IPv4 neighbor configured under IPv6 address family. If there is no IPv6 address configured on the local interface, the system uses the IPv4 mapped IPv6 address. If there are multiple IPv6 addresses configured on the interface, the system uses the lowest IPv6 address configured on that interface.
! exit-address-family Example configuration performed in R2 DellEMC# configure terminal DellEMC(conf)# router bgp 20 DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 655 DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 10.1.1.1 no shutdown DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# address-family ipv6 unicast DellEMC(conf-router_bgpv6_af)# neighbor 10.1.1.1 activate DellECM(conf-router_bgpv6_af)# exit Following is the show running-config command output for the above configuration.
● View information about local BGP state changes and other BGP events. EXEC Privilege mode debug ip bgp [ip-address | peer-group peer-group-name] events [in | out] ● View information about BGP KEEPALIVE messages. EXEC Privilege mode debug ip bgp [ip-address | peer-group peer-group-name] keepalive [in | out] ● View information about BGP notifications received from or sent to neighbors.
For address family: IPv4 Unicast BGP table version 1395, neighbor version 1394 Prefixes accepted 1 (consume 4 bytes), 0 withdrawn by peer Prefixes advertised 0, rejected 0, 0 withdrawn from peer Connections established 3; dropped 2 Last reset 00:00:12, due to Missing well known attribute Notification History 'UPDATE error/Missing well-known attr' Sent : 1 Recv: 0 'Connection Reset' Sent : 1 Recv: 0 Last notification (len 21) sent 00:26:02 ago ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff 00160303 03010000 Last notifi
9 Content Addressable Memory (CAM) CAM is a type of memory that stores information in the form of a lookup table. On Dell EMC Networking systems, CAM stores Layer 2 (L2) and Layer 3 (L3) forwarding information, access-lists (ACLs), flows, and routing policies.
Table 11. Default Cam Allocation Settings (continued) CAM Allocation Setting ipv4pbr 0 vrfv4Acl 0 Openflow 0 fedgovacl 0 NOTE: When you reconfigure CAM allocation, use the nlbclusteracl number command to change the number of NLB ARP entries. The range is from 0 to 2. The default value is 0. At the default value of 0, eight NLB ARP entries are available for use. This platform supports upto 512 CAM entries. Select 1 to configure 256 entries. Select 2 to configure 1024 entries.
The new cam region ipv6mirracl is introduced in the cam-acl command to configure dedicated FP CAM regions for the IPv6 mirror ACL entries. NOTE: If you do not enter the allocation values for the CAM regions, the value is 0. 3. Execute write memory and verify that the new settings are written to the CAM on the next boot. EXEC Privilege mode show cam-acl 4. Reload the system.
Example of show running-config cam-profile Command Dell#show running-config cam-profile ! cam-profile default microcode default Dell# View CAM-ACL Settings The show cam-acl command shows the cam-acl setting that will be loaded after the next reload.
L2Acl Ipv4Acl Ipv6Acl Ipv4Qos L2Qos L2PT IpMacAcl VmanQos VmanDualQos EcfmAcl FcoeAcl iscsiOptAcl ipv4pbr vrfv4Acl Openflow fedgovacl : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1 block = 128 entries 6 4 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- Stack unit 0 -Current Settings(in block sizes) 1 block = 128 entries L2Acl : 6 Ipv4Acl : 4 Ipv6Acl : 0 Ipv4Qos : 2 L2Qos : 1 L2PT : 0 IpMacAcl : 0 VmanQos : 0 VmanDualQos : 0 EcfmAcl : 0 FcoeAcl : 0 iscsiOptAcl : 0 ipv4pbr : 0 vrfv4Acl : 0 Openflow : 0 fedgovacl : 0 -- Stack unit 7 -Cu
Example of the show cam-usage Command DellEMC#show cam-usage Stackunit|Portpipe|Pipeline| CAM Partition | Total CAM | Used CAM |Available CAM ========|========|========|=================|=============|=============|============== 1 | 0 | 0 | IN-L2 ACL | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | IN-L3 ACL | 2304 | 1 | 2303 | | | IN-L3 ECMP GRP | 2048 | 0 | 2048 | | | IN-V6 ACL | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | IN-NLB ACL | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | IPMAC ACL | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | IN-V6-MIRRACL | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | IN-L3-MIRR ACL | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | OUT-L2 ACL | 206 |
Consider if the last CAM threshold was set to 90 percent and now you re-configure the CAM threshold to 80. And, if the current CAM usage is 85 percent, then the system displays the syslog message saying that the CAM usage is above the configured CAM threshold value. Table 13.
Syslog Error When the Table is Full In the Dell EMC Networking OS, the table full condition is displayed as CAM full only for LPM. But now the LPM is split into two tables. There are two syslog errors that are displayed: 1. /65 to /128 Table full. 2. 0/0 – 0/64 Table full. A table-full error message is displayed once the number of entries is crossed the table size. Table-full message is generated only once when it crosses the threshold.
DellEMC(conf)# DellEMC(conf)#end DellEMC#01:13:44: %STKUNIT0-M:CP %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from DellEMC# 2. Display the hardware forwarding table mode in the current boot and in the next boot.
10 Control Plane Policing (CoPP) Control plane policing (CoPP) uses access control list (ACL) rules and quality of service (QoS) policies to create filters for a system’s control plane. That filter prevents traffic not specifically identified as legitimate from reaching the system control plane, rate-limits, traffic to an acceptable level.
Figure 28. CoPP Implemented Versus CoPP Not Implemented Topics: • Configure Control Plane Policing Configure Control Plane Policing The system can process a maximum of 4200 packets per second (PPS). Protocols that share a single queue may experience flaps if one of the protocols receives a high rate of control traffic even though per protocol CoPP is applied. This happens because queue-based rate limiting is applied first.
Configuring CoPP for Protocols This section lists the commands necessary to create and enable the service-policies for CoPP. For complete information about creating ACLs and QoS rules, refer to Access Control Lists (ACLs) and Quality of Service (QoS). The basics for creating a CoPP service policy are to create a Layer 2, Layer 3, and/or an IPv6 ACL rule for the desired protocol type. Then, create a QoS input policy to rate-limit the protocol traffics according to the ACL.
DellEMC(conf)#mac access-list extended lacp cpu-qos DellEMC(conf-mac-acl-cpuqos)#permit lacp DellEMC(conf-mac-acl-cpuqos)#exit DellEMC(conf)#ipv6 access-list ipv6-icmp cpu-qos DellEMC(conf-ipv6-acl-cpuqos)#permit icmp DellEMC(conf-ipv6-acl-cpuqos)#exit DellEMC(conf)#ipv6 access-list ipv6-vrrp cpu-qos DellEMC(conf-ipv6-acl-cpuqos)#permit vrrp DellEMC(conf-ipv6-acl-cpuqos)#exit The following example shows creating the QoS input policy.
1. Create a QoS input policy for the router and assign the policing. CONFIGURATION mode qos-policy-input name cpu-qos 2. Create an input policy-map to assign the QoS policy to the desired service queues.l. CONFIGURATION mode policy-map--input name cpu-qos service-queue queue-number qos-policy name 3. Enter Control Plane mode. CONFIGURATION mode control-plane-cpuqos 4. Assign a CPU queue-based service policy on the control plane in cpu-qos mode.
Q7 DellEMC# 1100 To view the queue mapping for each configured protocol, use the show ip protocol-queue-mapping command.
11 Data Center Bridging (DCB) Data center bridging (DCB) refers to a set of enhancements to Ethernet local area networks used in data center environments, particularly with clustering and storage area networks.
A CNA is a computer input/output device that combines the functionality of a host bus adapter (HBA) with a network interface controller (NIC). Multiple adapters on different devices for several traffic types are no longer required.
Figure 29. Illustration of Traffic Congestion The system supports loading two DCB_Config files: ● FCoE converged traffic with priority 3. ● iSCSI storage traffic with priority 4. In the Dell EMC Networking OS, PFC is implemented as follows: ● PFC is supported on specified 802.1p priority traffic (dot1p 0 to 7) and is configured per interface.
The following figure shows how ETS allows you to allocate bandwidth when different traffic types are classed according to 802.1p priority and mapped to priority groups. Figure 30. Enhanced Transmission Selection The following table lists the traffic groupings ETS uses to select multiprotocol traffic for transmission. Table 15. ETS Traffic Groupings Traffic Groupings Description Group ID A 4-bit identifier assigned to each priority group. The range is from 0 to 7 configurable; 8 - 14 reservation and 15.
Data Center Bridging in a Traffic Flow The following figure shows how DCB handles a traffic flow on an interface. Figure 31. DCB PFC and ETS Traffic Handling Enabling Data Center Bridging DCB is automatically configured when you configure FCoE or iSCSI optimization. Data center bridging supports converged enhanced Ethernet (CEE) in a data center network. DCB is disabled by default. It must be enabled to support CEE.
DCB Maps and its Attributes This topic contains the following sections that describe how to configure a DCB map, apply the configured DCB map to a port, configure PFC without a DCB map, and configure lossless queues. DCB Map: Configuration Procedure A DCB map consists of PFC and ETS parameters. By default, PFC is not enabled on any 802.1p priority and ETS allocates equal bandwidth to each priority. To configure user-defined PFC and ETS settings, you must create a DCB map.
ETS: Equal bandwidth is assigned to each port queue and each dot1p priority in a priority group. To configure PFC and ETS parameters on an interface, you must specify the PFC mode, the ETS bandwidth allocation for a priority group, and the 802.1p priority-to-priority group mapping in a DCB map. No default PFC and ETS settings are applied to Ethernet interfaces. Configuring Priority-Based Flow Control Priority-Based Flow Control (PFC) provides a flow control mechanism based on the 802.
Port B acting as Egress During the congestion, [traffic pump on priorities 3 and 4 from PORT A and PORT C is at full line rate], PORT A and C send out the PFCs to rate the traffic limit. Egress drops are not observed on Port B since traffic flow on priorities is mapped to loss less queues. Port B acting as Ingress If the traffic congestion is on PORT B , Egress DROP is on PORT A or C, as the PFC is not enabled on PORT B.
In S6000, any pfc-dot1p priorities configured on a given interface need not be the same across the system. In other words, lossless queue limit is applicable on a per-port level and not on the global-config context. For example, one of the interfaces can have pfc-dot1p priorities as 2 and 3. Whereas, the other interface(s) can have its pfc-dot1p priorities as 4 and 5.
● Dell EMC Networking OS allows you to change the default dot1p priority-queue assignments only if the change satisfies the following requirements in DCB maps already applied to the interfaces: ● All 802.1p priorities mapped to the same queue must be in the same priority group. ● A maximum of two PFC-enabled, lossless queues are supported on an interface. Otherwise, the reconfiguration of a default dot1p-queue assignment is rejected.
Configuring PFC without a DCB Map In a network topology that uses the default ETS bandwidth allocation (assigns equal bandwidth to each priority), you can also enable PFC for specific dot1p-priorities on individual interfaces without using a DCB map. This type of DCB configuration is useful on interfaces that require PFC for lossless traffic, but do not transmit converged Ethernet traffic. Table 17.
When configuring lossless queues on a port interface, consider the following points: ● By default, no lossless queues are configured on a port. ● A limit of two lossless queues is supported on a port. If the number of lossless queues configured exceeds the maximum supported limit per port (two), an error message is displayed. Reconfigure the value to a smaller number of queues.
Table 19.
Behavior of Tagged Packets The below is example for enabling PFC for priority 2 for tagged packets. Priority (Packet Dot1p) 2 will be mapped to PG6 on PRIO2PG setting. All other Priorities for which PFC is not enabled are mapped to default PG – PG7. Classification rules on ingress (Ingress FP CAM region) matches incoming packet-dot1p and assigns an internal priority (to select queue as per Table 1 and Table 2).
4. Interface Configurations on server connected ports. a. Enable DCB globally. DellEMC(conf)#dcb enable b. Apply PFC Priority configuration. Configure priorities on which PFC is enabled. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#pfc priority 1,2 SNMP Support for PFC and Buffer Statistics Tracking Buffer Statistics Tracking (BST) feature provides a mechanism to aid in Resource Monitoring and Tuning of Buffer Allocation. The Max Use Count mode provides the maximum value of the counters accumulated over a period of time.
PFC from the peer. If a queue is congested due to packets with a specific Dot1p and PFC is enabled for that Dot1p, switch will transit out PFC frames for that Dot1p. The packet Dot1p to Queue mapping for classification on the ingress must be same as the mapping of Dot1p to the Queue to be halted on the egress used for PFC honoring. Dell EMC Networking OS ensures that these mappings are identical.
PFC and ETS Configuration Examples This section contains examples of how to configure and apply DCB policies on an interface. Using PFC to Manage Converged Ethernet Traffic To use PFC for managing converged Ethernet traffic, use the following command: dcb-map stack-unit all dcb-map-name Operations on Untagged Packets The below is example for enabling PFC for priority 2 for tagged packets. Priority (Packet Dot1p) 2 will be mapped to PG6 on PRIO2PG setting.
ETS Prerequisites and Restrictions The following prerequisites and restrictions apply when you configure ETS bandwidth allocation or queue scheduling. ● Configuring ETS bandwidth allocation or a queue scheduler for dot1p priorities in a priority group is applicable if the DCBx version used on a port is CIN (refer to Configuring DCBx).
If you configure more than one priority queue as strict priority or more than one priority group as strict priority, the higher numbered priority queue is given preference when scheduling data traffic. If multiple lossful priorities are mapped to a single priority group (PG1) and lossless priorities to another priority group (PG0), then bandwidth split across lossful priorities is not even. ETS Operation with DCBx The following section describes DCBx negotiation with peer ETS devices.
6. Apply the QoS output policy with the bandwidth percentage for specified priority queues to an egress interface. INTERFACE mode Dell(conf-if-te-0/1)#service-policy output test12 Configuring ETS in a DCB Map A switch supports the use of a DCB map in which you configure enhanced transmission selection (ETS) setting. To configure ETS parameters, you must apply a DCB map on an interface. ETS Configuration Notes ETS provides a way to optimize bandwidth allocation to outbound 802.
● Although ETS bandwidth allocation or strict-priority queuing does not support weighted random early detection (WRED), explicit congestion notification (ECN), rate shaping, and rate limiting because these parameters are not negotiated by DCBx with peer devices, you can apply a QoS output policy with WRED and/or rate shaping on a DCBx CIN-enabled interface.
Applying DCB Policies in a Switch Stack You can apply DCB policies with PFC and ETS configurations to all stacked ports in a switch stack or on a stacked switch. To apply DCB policies in a switch stack, follow this step. ● Apply the specified DCB policy on all ports of the switch stack or a single stacked switch.
is generated. The network administrator must then reconfigure the peer device so that it advertises a compatible DCB configuration. ○ The configuration received from a DCBx peer or from an internally propagated configuration is not stored in the switch’s running configuration. ○ On a DCBx port in an auto-upstream role, the PFC and application priority TLVs are enabled. ETS recommend TLVs are disabled and ETS configuration TLVs are enabled.
DCB Configuration Exchange The DCBx protocol supports the exchange and propagation of configuration information for the enhanced transmission selection (ETS) and priority-based flow control (PFC) DCB features. DCBx uses the following methods to exchange DCB configuration parameters: Asymmetric DCB parameters are exchanged between a DCBx-enabled port and a peer port without requiring that a peer port and the local port use the same configured values for the configurations to be compatible.
Auto-Detection and Manual Configuration of the DCBx Version When operating in Auto-Detection mode (the DCBx version auto command), a DCBx port automatically detects the DCBx version on a peer port. Legacy CIN and CEE versions are supported in addition to the standard IEEE version 2.5 DCBx. A DCBx port detects a peer version after receiving a valid frame for that version.
DCBx Prerequisites and Restrictions The following prerequisites and restrictions apply when you configure DCBx operation on a port: ● For DCBx, on a port interface, enable LLDP in both Send (TX) and Receive (RX) mode (the protocol lldp mode command; refer to the example in CONFIGURATION versus INTERFACE Configurations in the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) chapter). If multiple DCBx peer ports are detected on a local DCBx interface, LLDP is shut down.
NOTE: You can configure the transmission of more than one TLV type at a time; for example, advertise DCBx-tlv ets-conf ets-reco. You can enable ETS recommend TLVs (ets-reco) only if you enable ETS configuration TLVs (ets-conf). To disable TLV transmission, use the no form of the command; for example, no advertise DCBx-tlv pfc ets-reco. 6. On manual ports only: Configure the Application Priority TLVs advertised on the interface to DCBx peers.
[no] advertise DCBx-appln-tlv {fcoe | iscsi} ● fcoe: enables the advertisement of FCoE in Application Priority TLVs. ● iscsi: enables the advertisement of iSCSI in Application Priority TLVs. The default is Application Priority TLVs are enabled and advertise FCoE and iSCSI. NOTE: To disable TLV transmission, use the no form of the command; for example, no advertise DCBx-applntlv iscsi. 6. Configure the FCoE priority advertised for the FCoE protocol in Application Priority TLVs.
○ config-exchng: enables traces for DCBx configuration exchanges. ○ fail: enables traces for DCBx failures. ○ mgmt: enables traces for DCBx management frames. ○ resource: enables traces for DCBx system resource frames. ○ sem: enables traces for the DCBx state machine. ○ tlv: enables traces for DCBx TLVs. Verifying the DCB Configuration To display DCB configurations, use the following show commands. Table 23.
The following example shows the show dcb command. DellEMC# show dcb stack-unit 2 port-set 0 DCB Status : Enabled PFC Port Count : 56 (current), 56 (configured) PFC Queue Count : 2 (current), 2 (configured) The following example shows the show qos priority-groups command. DellEMC#show qos priority-groups priority-group ipc priority-list 4 set-pgid 2 The following example shows the output of the show qos dcb-map test command.
Remote FCOE PriorityMap is 0x8 Remote ISCSI PriorityMap is 0x8 0 Input TLV pkts, 1 Output TLV pkts, 0 Error pkts, 0 Pause Tx pkts, 0 Pause Rx pkts The following table describes the show interface pfc summary command fields. Table 24. show interface pfc summary Command Description Fields Description Interface Interface type with stack-unit and port number. Admin mode is on; Admin is enabled PFC Admin mode is on or off with a list of the configured PFC priorities .
Table 24. show interface pfc summary Command Description (continued) Fields Description PFC TLV Statistics: Output TLV pkts Number of PFC TLVs transmitted. PFC TLV Statistics: Error pkts Number of PFC error packets received. PFC TLV Statistics: Pause Tx pkts Number of PFC pause frames transmitted. PFC TLV Statistics: Pause Rx pkts Number of PFC pause frames received The following example shows the show interface pfc statistics command.
7 - - - - - - Oper status is init ETS DCBX Oper status is Down Reason: Port Shutdown State Machine Type is Asymmetric Conf TLV Tx Status is enabled Reco TLV Tx Status is enabled The following example shows the show interface ets detail command.
The following table describes the show interface ets detail command fields. Table 25. show interface ets detail Command Description Field Description Interface Interface type with stack-unit and port number. Maximum Supported TC Group Maximum number of priority groups supported. Number of Traffic Classes Number of 802.1p priorities currently configured. Admin mode ETS mode: on or off.
The following example shows the show stack-unit all stack-ports all ets details command.
E-ETS Configuration TLV enabled e-ETS Configuration TLV disabled R-ETS Recommendation TLV enabled r-ETS Recommendation TLV disabled P-PFC Configuration TLV enabled p-PFC Configuration TLV disabled F-Application priority for FCOE enabled f-Application Priority for FCOE disabled I-Application priority for iSCSI enabled i-Application Priority for iSCSI disabled ----------------------------------------------------------------------Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/14/1 Remote Mac Address 00:01:e8:8a:df:a0 Port Rol
Table 26. show interface DCBx detail Command Description (continued) Field Description Local DCBx Status: DCBx Max Version Supported Highest DCBx version supported in Control TLVs. Local DCBx Status: Sequence Number Sequence number transmitted in Control TLVs. Local DCBx Status: Acknowledgment Number Acknowledgement number transmitted in Control TLVs. Local DCBx Status: Protocol State Current operational state of DCBx protocol: ACK or IN-SYNC.
dcb enable 2. Configure the shared PFC buffer size and the total buffer size. A maximum of 4 lossless queues are supported. CONFIGURATION mode dcb pfc-shared-buffer-size value dcb pfc-total-buffer-size value The buffer size range is from 0 to 3399. Default is 3088. 3. Configure the number of PFC queues. CONFIGURATION mode dcb enable pfc-queues pfc-queues The number of ports supported based on lossless queues configured depends on the buffer. The default number of PFC queues in the system is two.
Figure 33. PFC and ETS Applied to LAN, IPC, and SAN Priority Traffic QoS Traffic Classification: The service-class dynamic dot1p command has been used in Global Configuration mode to map ingress dot1p frames to the queues shown in the following table. For more information, refer to QoS dot1p Traffic Classification and Queue Assignment.
The following describes the priority group-bandwidth assignment. Priority Group Bandwidth Assignment IPC 5% SAN 50% LAN 45% PFC and ETS Configuration Command Examples The following examples show PFC and ETS configuration commands to manage your data center traffic. 1. Enabling DCB DellEMC(conf)#dcb enable 2. Configure DCB map and enable PFC, and ETS DellEMC(conf)# service-class dynamic dot1p Or DellEMC(conf)# interface tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# service-class dynamic dot1p 3.
12 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) DHCP is an application layer protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other configuration parameters to network end-stations (hosts) based on configuration policies determined by network administrators.
The following table lists common DHCP options. Option Number and Description Subnet Mask Option 1 Specifies the client’s subnet mask. Router Option 3 Specifies the router IP addresses that may serve as the client’s default gateway. Domain Name Server Option 6 Domain Name Option 15 Specifies the domain name servers (DNSs) that are available to the client. Specifies the domain name that clients should use when resolving hostnames via DNS.
Assign an IP Address using DHCP The following section describes DHCP and the client in a network. When a client joins a network: 1. The client initially broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message on the subnet to discover available DHCP servers. This message includes the parameters that the client requires and might include suggested values for those parameters. 2. Servers unicast or broadcast a DHCPOFFER message in response to the DHCPDISCOVER that offers to the client values for the requested parameters.
example, if all pools were configured for a /24 mask, the total would be 40000/253 (approximately 158). If the subnet is increased, more pools can be configured. The maximum subnet that can be configured for a single pool is /17. Dell EMC Networking OS displays an error message for configurations that exceed the allocated memory. ● This platform supports 4000 DHCP Snooping entries. ● All platforms support Dynamic ARP Inspection on 16 VLANs per system. For more information, refer to Dynamic ARP Inspection.
● prefix-length: specifies the number of bits used for the network portion of the address you specify. The prefix-length range is from 17 to 31. 4. Display the current pool configuration. DHCP mode show config After an IP address is leased to a client, only that client may release the address. Dell EMC Networking OS performs a IP + MAC source address validation to ensure that no client can release another clients address.
Configure a Method of Hostname Resolution Dell systems are capable of providing DHCP clients with parameters for two methods of hostname resolution—using DNS or NetBIOS WINS. Using DNS for Address Resolution A domain is a group of networks. DHCP clients query DNS IP servers when they need to correlate host names to IP addresses. 1. Create a domain. DHCP domain-name name 2. Specify in order of preference the DNS servers that are available to a DHCP client.
Debugging the DHCP Server To debug the DHCP server, use the following command. ● Display debug information for DHCP server. EXEC Privilege mode debug ip dhcp server [events | packets] Using DHCP Clear Commands To clear DHCP binding entries, address conflicts, and server counters, use the following commands. ● Clear DHCP binding entries for the entire binding table. EXEC Privilege mode. clear ip dhcp binding ● Clear a DHCP binding entry for an individual IP address. EXEC Privilege mode.
address, use the shutdown command on the interface. To display the dynamic IP address and show DHCP as the mode of IP address assignment, use the show interface type slot/port[/subport] command. To unconfigure the IP address, use the no shutdown command when the lease timer for the dynamic IP address is expired. The interface acquires a new dynamic IP address from the DHCP server. To configure a secondary (backup) IP address on an interface, use the ip address command at the INTERFACE configuration level.
DHCP Client on a Management Interface These conditions apply when you enable a management interface to operate as a DHCP client. ● The management default route is added with the gateway as the router IP address received in the DHCP ACK packet. It is required to send and receive traffic to and from other subnets on the external network. The route is added irrespective when the DHCP client and server are in the same or different subnets.
● An entry in the DHCP snooping table is not added for a DHCP client interface. DHCP Server A switch can operate as a DHCP client and a DHCP server. DHCP client interfaces cannot acquire a dynamic IP address from the DHCP server running on the switch. Acquire a dynamic IP address from another DHCP server. Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Do not enable the DHCP client on an interface and set the priority to 255 or assign the same DHCP interface IP address to a VRRP virtual group.
Route Leaking for Complete Routing Table ! ip vrf VRF_1 ip route-import 1:1 ip route-export 2:2 ! ip vrf VRF_2 ip route-import 2:2 ip route-export 1:1 Route Leaking for Selective Routes ! ip vrf VRF_1 ip route-import 1:1 map1 ip route-export 2:2 map2 ! ip vrf VRF_2 ip route-import 2:2 ip route-export 1:1 ! ! route-map map1 permit 10 match ip address ip1 ! route-map map2 permit 20 match ip address ip2 ! ip prefix-list ip1 seq 5 permit 20.0.0.0/24 <----- This is needed for data forwarding seq 10 permit 20.0.
Global DHCP relay source IPv4 or IPv6 configuration You can configure global DHCP relay source IPv4 or IPv6 configuration using the command {ip | ipv6} dhcp-relay source-interface interface command in the CONFIGURATION mode. DHCP relay uses the IPv4 or IPv6 global source address of the configured interface for relaying packets to the DHCP server.
Dell(conf-if-lo-1)# ipv6 address 3::3/128 Dell(conf-if-lo-1)# no shutdown 2. Creating L3 interfaces with the DHCP helper configuration. Following are the steps to configure IPv4 or IPv6 interfaces with the DHCP helper configuration. The below example shows two VLAN interfaces (Vlan 2 and 4), DHCP helper (100.0.0.1 and 100::1) for the respective VLANs and the DHCP relay source IPv4 and IPv6 configuration, and two different loopback interfaces (loopback 2 and 3).
● Dynamic ARP Inspection ● Source Address Validation Option 82 (DHCPv4 relay options) RFC 3046 (the relay agent information option, or Option 82) is used for class-based IP address assignment. The code for the relay agent information option is 82, and includes two suboptions, circuit ID and remote ID. Circuit ID This is the interface on which the client-originated message is received. Remote ID This identifies the host from which the message is received.
Remote ID (Option 37) Identifies the host from which the message is received. The default values of the Options 18 and 37 are as follows: ● Default Agent Interface ID is constructed in the format VLANID:LagID:SlotID:PortStr. When the port is fanned-out, the PortStr is represented as mainPort:subPort (all in ASCII format). ● Default Agent Remote ID is the system MAC address of the relay agent that adds Option 37 (in binary format).
Enabling DHCP Snooping To enable DHCP snooping, use the following commands. 1. Enable DHCP snooping globally. CONFIGURATION mode ip dhcp snooping 2. Specify ports connected to DHCP servers as trusted. INTERFACE mode INTERFACE PORT EXTENDER mode ip dhcp snooping trust 3. Enable DHCP snooping on a VLAN. CONFIGURATION mode ip dhcp snooping vlan name Enabling IPv6 DHCP Snooping To enable IPv6 DHCP snooping, use the following commands. 1. Enable IPv6 DHCP snooping globally.
clear ip dhcp snooping binding Clearing the DHCP IPv6 Binding Table To clear the DHCP IPv6 binding table, use the following command. ● Delete all of the entries in the binding table. EXEC Privilege mode clear ipv6 dhcp snooping binding DellEMC# clear ipv6 dhcp snooping? binding Clear the snooping binding database Displaying the Contents of the Binding Table To display the contents of the binding table, use the following command. ● Display the DHCP snooping information.
The following example output of the show ip dhcp snooping binding command displays that different IP addresses are mapped to the same MAC address: DellEMC#show ip dhcp snooping binding Codes : S - Static D - Dynamic IP Address MAC Address Expires(Sec) Type VLAN Interface ========================================================================= 10.1.1.100 00:00:a0:00:00:00 39735 S Vl 200 Te 1/4/1 10.1.1.101 00:00:a0:00:00:00 39736 S Vl 200 Te 1/4/1 10.1.1.
Debugging the IPv6 DHCP To debug the IPv6 DHCP, use the following command. ● Display debug information for IPV6 DHCP. EXEC Privilege mode debug ipv6 dhcp IPv6 DHCP Snooping MAC-Address Verification Configure to enable verify source mac-address in the DHCP packet against the mac address stored in the snooping binding table. ● Enable IPV6 DHCP snooping .
Broadcast An attacker can broadcast an ARP reply that specifies FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF as the gateway’s MAC address, resulting in all clients broadcasting all internet-bound packets. MAC flooding An attacker can send fraudulent ARP messages to the gateway until the ARP cache is exhausted, after which, traffic from the gateway is broadcast.
The rate burst interval range is from 1 to 15 seconds. The default is 1. DellEMC# show running-config interface tengigabitethernet 1/10/1 interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/10/1 no ip address switchport arp inspection-limit rate 15 interval 1 no shutdown DellEMC# Bypassing the ARP Inspection You can configure a port to skip ARP inspection by defining the interface as trusted, which is useful in multi-switch environments. ARPs received on trusted ports bypass validation against the binding table.
● Enable IP source address validation. INTERFACE mode ip dhcp source-address-validation ● Enable IP source address validation with VLAN option. INTERFACE mode ip dhcp source-address-validation vlan vlan-id NOTE: Before enabling SAV With VLAN option, allocate at least one FP block to the ipmacacl CAM region. DHCP MAC Source Address Validation DHCP MAC source address validation (SAV) validates a DHCP packet’s source hardware address against the client hardware address field (CHADDR) in the payload.
Viewing the Number of SAV Dropped Packets The following output of the show ip dhcp snooping source-address-validation discard-counters command displays the number of SAV dropped packets.
13 Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) This chapter describes configuring ECMP. This chapter describes configuring ECMP. Topics: • • ECMP for Flow-Based Affinity Link Bundle Monitoring ECMP for Flow-Based Affinity ECMP for flow-based affinity includes link bundle monitoring. Configuring the Hash Algorithm TeraScale has one algorithm that is used for link aggregation groups (LAGs), ECMP, and NH-ECMP, and ExaScale can use three different algorithms for each of these features.
Configuring the Hash Algorithm Seed Deterministic ECMP sorts ECMPs in order even though RTM provides them in a random order. However, the hash algorithm uses as a seed the lower 12 bits of the chassis MAC, which yields a different hash result for every chassis. This behavior means that for a given flow, even though the prefixes are sorted, two unrelated chassis can select different hops.
Managing ECMP Group Paths To avoid path degeneration, configure the maximum number of paths for an ECMP route that the L3 CAM can hold. When you do not configure the maximum number of routes, the CAM can hold a maximum ECMP per route. To configure the maximum number of paths, use the following command. NOTE: For the new settings to take effect, save the new ECMP settings to the startup-config (write-mem) then reload the system. ● Configure the maximum number of paths per ECMP group. CONFIGURATION mode.
NOTE: An ecmp-group index is generated automatically for each unique ecmp-group when you configure multipath routes to the same network. The system can generate a maximum of 512 unique ecmp-groups. The ecmp-group indices are generated in even numbers (0, 2, 4, 6... 1022) and are for information only. You can configure ecmp-group with id 2 for link bundle monitoring. This ecmp-group is different from the ecmp-group index 2 that is created by configuring routes and is automatically generated.
14 FIP Snooping The Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) Transit feature is supported on Ethernet interfaces. When you enable the switch for FCoE transit, the switch functions as a FIP snooping bridge. NOTE: FIP snooping is not supported on Fibre Channel interfaces or in a switch stack.
Table 30. FIP Functions FIP Function Description FIP VLAN discovery FCoE devices (ENodes) discover the FCoE VLANs on which to transmit and receive FIP and FCoE traffic. FIP discovery FCoE end-devices and FCFs are automatically discovered. Initialization FCoE devices learn ENodes from the FLOGI and FDISC to allow immediate login and create a virtual link with an FCoE switch. Maintenance A valid virtual link between an FCoE device and an FCoE switch is maintained and the LOGO functions properly.
Port-based ACLs These ACLs are applied on all three port modes: on ports directly connected to an FCF, server-facing ENode ports, and bridge-to-bridge links. Port-based ACLs take precedence over global ACLs. FCoE-generated ACLs These take precedence over user-configured ACLs. A user-configured ACL entry cannot deny FCoE and FIP snooping frames. The following illustration shows a switch used as a FIP snooping bridge in a converged Ethernet network.
● Process FIP VLAN discovery requests and responses, advertisements, solicitations, FLOGI/FDISC requests and responses, FLOGO requests and responses, keep-alive packets, and clear virtual-link messages. Using FIP Snooping There are four steps to configure FCoE transit. 1. Enable the FCoE transit feature on a switch. 2. Enable FIP snooping globally on all Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) or individual VLANs on a FIP snooping bridge. 3.
To support FIP-Snooping and set CAM-ACL, usecam-acl l2acl 4 ipv4acl 4 ipv6acl 0 ipv4qos 2 l2qos 1 l2pt 0 ipmacacl 0 vman-qos 0 ecfmacl 0 fcoeacl 2 command.
Configure the FC-MAP Value You can configure the FC-MAP value to be applied globally by the switch on all or individual FCoE VLANs to authorize FCoE traffic. The configured FC-MAP value is used to check the FC-MAP value for the MAC address assigned to ENodes in incoming FCoE frames. If the FC-MAP value does not match, FCoE frames are dropped. A session between an ENode and an FCF is established by the switch-bridge only when the FC-MAP value on the FCF matches the FC-MAP value on the FIP snooping bridge.
● The maximum number of FIP snooping sessions supported per ENode server is 32. To increase the maximum number of sessions to 64, use the fip-snooping max-sessions-per-enodemac command. ● The maximum number of FCFs supported per FIP snooping-enabled VLAN is twelve. ● When FCoE is configured on fanned-out ports or unusable 100G ports, traffic outage occurs for about 45 seconds. Configuring FIP Snooping You can enable FIP snooping globally on all FCoE VLANs on a switch or on an individual FCoE VLAN.
Table 32. Displaying FIP Snooping Information (continued) Command Output show fip-snooping enode [enode-mac-address] Displays information on the ENodes in FIP-snooped sessions, including the ENode interface and MAC address, FCF MAC address, VLAN ID and FC-ID. show fip-snooping fcf [fcf-mac-address] Displays information on the FCFs in FIP-snooped sessions, including the FCF interface and MAC address, FCF interface, VLAN ID, FC-MAP value, FKA advertisement period, and number of ENodes connected.
Table 33. show fip-snooping sessions Command Description (continued) Field Description Port WWPN Worldwide port name of the CNA port. Port WWNN Worldwide node name of the CNA port. The following example shows the show fip-snooping config command.
Table 35. show fip-snooping fcf Command Description (continued) Field Description FC-ID Fibre Channel session ID assigned by the FCF. The following example shows the show fip-snooping statistics interface vlan command (VLAN and port).
Number Number Number Number Number Number Number of of of of of of of FDISC Rejects FLOGO Accepts FLOGO Rejects CVL FCF Discovery Timeouts VN Port Session Timeouts Session failures due to Hardware Config :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 The following table describes the show fip-snooping statistics command fields. Table 36. show fip-snooping statistics Command Descriptions Field Description Number of VLAN Requests Number of FIP-snooped VLAN request frames received on the interface.
Table 36. show fip-snooping statistics Command Descriptions (continued) Field Description Number of Session failures due to Hardware Config Number of session failures due to hardware configuration that occurred on the interface. The following example shows the show fip-snooping system command. DellEMC# show fip-snooping system Global Mode : Enabled FCOE VLAN List (Operational) : 1, 100 FCFs : 1 Enodes : 2 Sessions : 17 The following example shows the show fip-snooping vlan command.
The DCBx configuration on the FCF-facing port is detected by the server-facing port and the DCB PFC configuration on both ports is synchronized. For more information about how to configure DCBx and PFC on a port, refer to the Data Center Bridging (DCB) chapter. The following example shows how to configure FIP snooping on FCoE VLAN 10, on an FCF-facing port (1/5/1), on an ENode server-facing port (1/1/1), and to configure the FIP snooping ports as tagged members of the FCoE VLAN enabled for FIP snooping.
15 Flex Hash and Optimized Boot-Up This chapter describes the Flex Hash and fast-boot enhancements. Topics: • • • • • • • Flex Hash Capability Overview Configuring the Flex Hash Mechanism Configuring Fast Boot and LACP Fast Switchover Optimizing the Boot Time Interoperation of Applications with Fast Boot and System States RDMA Over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) Overview Preserving 802.
Flex hash APIs do not mask out unwanted byte values after extraction of the data from the Layer 4 headers for the offset value. 2. Use the load-balance flexhash command to specify whether IPv4 or IPv6 packets must be subjected to the flex hash functionality, a unique protocol number, the offset of hash fields from the start of the L4 header to be used for hash calculation, and a meaningful description to associate the protocol number with the name.
unexpected shutdown) from an older release of Dell EMC Networking OS to Release 9.3(0.0) or later. Dell EMC recommends that you do not downgrade your system from Release 9.3(0.0) to an earlier release that does not support the fast boot functionality because the system behavior is unexpected and undefined. ● Fast boot uses the Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) utility that is enabled on the Intel CPU on the device to enhance the speed of the system startup. SMP is supported on the device.
A file is generated to indicate that the system is undergoing a fast boot, which is used after the system comes up. After the Dell EMC Networking OS image is loaded and activated, and the appropriate software components come up, the following additional actions are performed: ● If a database of dynamic ARP entries is present on the flash drive, that information is read and the ARP entries are restored; the entries are installed on the switch as soon as possible.
Unexpected Reload of the System When an unexpected or unplanned reload occurs, such as a reset caused by the software, the system performs the regular boot sequence even if it is configured for fast boot. When the system comes up, dynamic ARP or ND database entries are not present or required to be restored. The system boot up mode will not be fast boot and actions specific to this mode will not be performed.
RDMA Over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) Overview This functionality is supported on the platform. RDMA is a technology that a virtual machine (VM) uses to directly transfer information to the memory of another VM, thus enabling VMs to be connected to storage networks. With RoCE, RDMA enables data to be forwarded without passing through the CPU and the main memory path of TCP/IP.
except the Layer 2 and Layer 3 control frames. It is not required for a VLAN ID to be preserved (in the hardware or the OS application) when a VLAN ID, used for encapsulation, is associated with a physical/Port-channel interface. Normal VLANs and VLAN encapsulation can exist simultaneously and any non-unicast traffic received on a normal VLAN is not flooded using lite subinterfaces whose encapsulation VLAN ID matches with that of the normal VLAN ID.
16 Force10 Resilient Ring Protocol (FRRP) FRRP provides fast network convergence to Layer 2 switches interconnected in a ring topology, such as a metropolitan area network (MAN) or large campuses. FRRP is similar to what can be achieved with the spanning tree protocol (STP), though even with optimizations, STP can take up to 50 seconds to converge (depending on the size of network and node of failure) and may require 4 to 5 seconds to reconverge.
Ring Status The ring failure notification and the ring status checks provide two ways to ensure the ring remains up and active in the event of a switch or port failure. Ring Checking At specified intervals, the Master node sends a ring health frame (RHF) through the ring. If the ring is complete, the frame is received on its secondary port and the Master node resets its fail-period timer and continues normal operation.
Figure 39. Example of Multiple Rings Connected by Single Switch Important FRRP Points FRRP provides a convergence time that can generally range between 150ms and 1500ms for Layer 2 networks. The Master node originates a high-speed frame that circulates around the ring. This frame, appropriately, sets up or breaks down the ring. ● The Master node transmits ring status check frames at specified intervals. ● You can run multiple physical rings on the same switch.
Important FRRP Concepts The following table lists some important FRRP concepts. Concept Explanation Ring ID Each ring has a unique 8-bit ring ID through which the ring is identified (for example, FRRP 101 and FRRP 202, as shown in the illustration in Member VLAN Spanning Two Rings Connected by One Switch. Control VLAN Each ring has a unique Control VLAN through which tagged ring health frames (RHF) are sent. Control VLANs are used only for sending RHF, and cannot be used for any other purpose.
● If multiple rings share one or more member VLANs, they cannot share any links between them. ● Member VLANs across multiple rings are not supported in Master nodes. ● Each ring has only one Master node; all others are transit nodes. FRRP Configuration These are the tasks to configure FRRP.
● For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. 3. Assign the Primary and Secondary ports and the control VLAN for the ports on the ring. CONFIG-FRRP mode. interface primary interface secondary interface control-vlan vlan id Interface: ● For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port/subport information. ● For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. 4.
5. Identify the Member VLANs for this FRRP group. CONFIG-FRRP mode. member-vlan vlan-id {range} VLAN-ID, Range: VLAN IDs for the ring’s Member VLANs. 6. Enable this FRRP group on this switch. CONFIG-FRRP mode. no disable Setting the FRRP Timers To set the FRRP timers, use the following command. NOTE: Set the Dead-Interval time 3 times the Hello-Interval. ● Enter the desired intervals for Hello-Interval or Dead-Interval times. CONFIG-FRRP mode.
Ring ID: the range is from 1 to 255. Troubleshooting FRRP To troubleshoot FRRP, use the following information. Configuration Checks ● ● ● ● ● Each Control Ring must use a unique VLAN ID. Only two interfaces on a switch can be Members of the same control VLAN. There can be only one Master node for any FRRP group. You can configure FRRP on Layer 2 interfaces only. Spanning Tree (if you enable it globally) must be disabled on both Primary and Secondary interfaces when you enable FRRP.
interface Vlan 101 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/14/1,11/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 201 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/14/1,11/1 no shutdown ! protocol frrp 101 interface primary TenGigabitEthernet 1/14/1 secondary TenGigabitEthernet 1/11/1 control-vlan 101 member-vlan 201 mode transit no disable Example of R3 TRANSIT interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/14/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface Vlan
Figure 40. FRRP Ring Connecting VLT Devices You can also configure an FRRP ring where both the VLT peers are connected to the FRRP ring and the VLTi acts as the primary interface for the FRRP Master and transit nodes. This active-active FRRP configuration blocks the FRRP ring on a per VLAN or VLAN group basis enabling the configuration to spawn across different set of VLANs.
control VLAN, multiple member VLANS are configured (for example, M1 to M10) that carry the data traffic across the FRRP rings. The secondary port P2 is tagged to the control VLAN (V1). VLTi is implicitly tagged to the member VLANs when these VLANs are configured in the VLT peer. As a result of the VLT Node2 configuration on R2, the secondary interface P2 is blocked for the member VLANs (M11 to Mn). Following figure illustrated the FRRP Ring R1 topology: Figure 41.
17 GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) The generic attribute registration protocol (GARP) VLAN registration protocol (GVRP), defined by the IEEE 802.1q specification, is a Layer 2 network protocol that provides for automatic VLAN configuration of switches. GVRP-compliant switches use GARP to register and de-register attribute values, such as VLAN IDs, with each other.
Configure GVRP To begin, enable GVRP. To facilitate GVRP communications, enable GVRP globally on each switch. Then, GVRP configuration is per interface on a switch-by-switch basis. Enable GVRP on each port that connects to a switch where you want GVRP information exchanged. In the following example, GVRP is configured on VLAN trunk ports. Figure 42. Global GVRP Configuration Example Basic GVRP configuration is a two-step process: 1. Enabling GVRP Globally 2.
gvrp enable DellEMC(conf)#protocol gvrp DellEMC(config-gvrp)#no disable DellEMC(config-gvrp)#show config ! protocol gvrp no disable DellEMC(config-gvrp)# To inspect the global configuration, use the show gvrp brief command. Enabling GVRP on a Layer 2 Interface To enable GVRP on a Layer 2 interface, use the following command. ● Enable GVRP on a Layer 2 interface.
no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/21/1)# Configure a GARP Timer Set GARP timers to the same values on all devices that are exchanging information using GVRP. There are three GARP timer settings. ● Join — A GARP device reliably transmits Join messages to other devices by sending each Join message two times. To define the interval between the two sending operations of each Join message, use this parameter. The Dell EMC Networking OS default is 200ms.
18 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Internet group management protocol (IGMP) is a Layer 3 multicast protocol that hosts use to join or leave a multicast group. Multicast is premised on identifying many hosts by a single destination IP address; hosts represented by the same IP address are a multicast group. Multicast routing protocols (such as protocol-independent multicast [PIM]) use the information in IGMP messages to discover which groups are active and to populate the multicast routing table.
Figure 43. IGMP Messages in IP Packets Join a Multicast Group There are two ways that a host may join a multicast group: it may respond to a general query from its querier or it may send an unsolicited report to its querier. Responding to an IGMP Query The following describes how a host can join a multicast group. 1. One router on a subnet is elected as the querier. The querier periodically multicasts (to all-multicast-systems address 224.0.0.1) a general query to all hosts on the subnet. 2.
IGMP Version 3 Conceptually, IGMP version 3 behaves the same as version 2. However, there are differences. ● Version 3 adds the ability to filter by multicast source, which helps multicast routing protocols avoid forwarding traffic to subnets where there are no interested receivers. ● To enable filtering, routers must keep track of more state information, that is, the list of sources that must be filtered.
Joining and Filtering Groups and Sources The following illustration shows how multicast routers maintain the group and source information from unsolicited reports. 1. The first unsolicited report from the host indicates that it wants to receive traffic for group 224.1.1.1. 2. The host’s second report indicates that it is only interested in traffic from group 224.1.1.1, source 10.11.1.1. Include messages prevents traffic from all other sources in the group from reaching the subnet.
Leaving and Staying in Groups The following illustration shows how multicast routers track and refresh state changes in response to group-and-specific and general queries. 1. Host 1 sends a message indicating it is leaving group 224.1.1.1 and that the included filter for 10.11.1.1 and 10.11.1.2 are no longer necessary. 2.
● ● ● ● ● ● Adjusting Timers Preventing a Host from Joining a Group Enabling IGMP Immediate-Leave IGMP Snooping Fast Convergence after MSTP Topology Changes Designating a Multicast Router Interface Viewing IGMP Enabled Interfaces Interfaces that are enabled with PIM-SM are automatically enabled with IGMP. To view IGMP-enabled interfaces, use the following command. ● View IGMP-enabled IPv4 interfaces. EXEC Privilege mode show ip igmp interface ● View IGMP-enabled IPv6 interfaces.
GigabitEthernet 1/13/1 is up, line protocol is down Inbound IGMP access group is not set Interface IGMP group join rate limit is not set Internet address is 1.1.1.1/24 IGMP is enabled on interface IGMP query interval is 60 seconds IGMP querier timeout is 125 seconds IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds IGMP last member query response interval is 1000 ms IGMP immediate-leave is disabled IGMP activity: 0 joins, 0 leaves, 0 channel joins, 0 channel leaves IGMP querying router is 1.1.1.
When the querier receives a leave message from a host, it sends a group-specific query to the subnet. If no response is received, it sends another. The amount of time that the querier waits to receive a response to the initial query before sending a second one is the last member query interval (LMQI). The switch waits one LMQI after the second query before removing the group from the state table. ● Adjust the period between queries.
IGMP Snooping Implementation Information ● IGMP snooping on Dell EMC Networking OS uses IP multicast addresses not MAC addresses. ● IGMP snooping reacts to spanning tree protocol (STP) and multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) topology changes by sending a general query on the interface that transitions to the forwarding state. ● If IGMP snooping is enabled on a PIM-enabled VLAN interface, data packets using the router as an Layer 2 hop may be dropped.
Disabling Multicast Flooding If the switch receives a multicast packet that has an IP address of a group it has not learned (unregistered frame), the switch floods that packet out of all ports on the VLAN. When you configure the no ip igmp snooping flood command, the system drops the packets immediately. The system does not forward the frames on mrouter ports, even if they are present. Disable Layer 3 multicast (no ip multicastrouting) in order to disable multicast flooding.
Fast Convergence after MSTP Topology Changes When a port transitions to the Forwarding state as a result of an STP or MSTP topology change, Dell EMC Networking OS sends a general query out of all ports except the multicast router ports. The host sends a response to the general query and the forwarding database is updated without having to wait for the query interval to expire.
Table 37.
front-panel port IP on the peer box is initiated via management port only, if the management port is UP and management route is available.
● TFTP is an exception to the preceding logic. ● For TFTP, data transfer is initiated on port 69, but the data transfer ports are chosen independently by the sender and receiver during initialization of the connection. The ports are chosen at random according to the parameters of the networking stack, typically from the range of temporary ports. ● If route lookup in EIS routing table succeeds, the application-specific packet count is incremented.
Handling of Transit Traffic (Traffic Separation) This is forwarded traffic where destination IP is not an IP address configured in the switch. ● Packets received on the management port with destination on the front-end port is dropped. ● Packets received on the front-end port with destination on the management port is dropped. ● A separate drop counter is incremented for this case. This counter is viewed using the netstat command, like all other IP layer counters.
This phenomenon occurs where traffic is originating from the switch. 1. Management Applications (Applications that are configured as management applications): The management port is an egress port for management applications. If the management port is down or the destination is not reachable through the management port (next hop ARP is not resolved, and so on), and if the destination is reachable through a data port, then the management application traffic is sent out through the front-end data port.
EIS Behavior: If source TCP or UDP port matches an EIS management or a non-EIS management application and source IP address is management port IP address, management port is the preferred egress port selected based on route lookup in EIS table. If the management port is down or the route lookup fails, packets are dropped. If the source TCP/UDP port or source IP address does not match the management port IP address, a route lookup is done in the default routing table.
Designating a Multicast Router Interface To designate an interface as a multicast router interface, use the following command. Dell EMC Networking OS also has the capability of listening in on the incoming IGMP general queries and designate those interfaces as the multicast router interface when the frames have a non-zero IP source address. All IGMP control packets and IP multicast data traffic originating from receivers is forwarded to multicast router interfaces.
19 Interfaces This chapter describes interface types, both physical and logical, and how to configure them with Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS). The system supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet and 40 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. NOTE: Only Dell-qualified optics are supported on these interfaces. Non-Dell 40G optics are set to error-disabled state.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Defining Interface Range Macros Monitoring and Maintaining Interfaces Non Dell-Qualified Transceivers Splitting 40G Ports without Reload Splitting QSFP Ports to SFP+ Ports Converting a QSFP or QSFP+ Port to an SFP or SFP+ Port Configuring wavelength for 10–Gigabit SFP+ optics Link Dampening Link Bundle Monitoring Using Ethernet Pause Frames for Flow Control Configure the MTU Size on an Interface Port-Pipes Auto-Negotiation on Ethernet Interfaces View Advanced Interface Infor
The following example shows the configuration and status information for one interface.
no ip address shutdown Resetting an Interface to its Factory Default State You can reset the configurations applied on an interface to its factory default state. To reset the configuration, perform the following steps: 1. View the configurations applied on an interface. INTERFACE mode show config DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/5/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/5/1 no ip address portmode hybrid switchport rate-interval 8 mac learning-limit 10 no-station-move no shutdown 2.
Physical Interfaces The Management Ethernet interface is a single RJ-45 Fast Ethernet port on a switch. The interface provides dedicated management access to the system. Stack-unit interfaces support Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic over the and 40-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. These interfaces can also become part of virtual interfaces such as virtual local area networks (VLANs) or port channels. For more information about VLANs, refer to Bulk Configuration.
Overview of Layer Modes On all systems running Dell EMC Networking OS, you can place physical interfaces, port channels, and VLANs in Layer 2 mode or Layer 3 mode. By default, VLANs are in Layer 2 mode. Table 42.
Configuring Layer 3 (Network) Mode When you assign an IP address to a physical interface, you place it in Layer 3 mode. To enable Layer 3 mode on an individual interface, use the following commands. In all interface types except VLANs, the shutdown command prevents all traffic from passing through the interface. In VLANs, the shutdown command prevents Layer 3 traffic from passing through the interface. Layer 2 traffic is unaffected by the shutdown command.
ICMP redirects are not sent ICMP unreachables are not sent IP unicast RPF check is not supported Automatic recovery of an Err-disabled interface The Dell EMC Networking OS attempts to recover the interface from the Err-disabled state automatically based on the cause of the error.
Whenever the Err-disable recovery timer is reconfigured, it will get effective only after the current timer expires. Following message is displayed after each Err-disable recovery timer configuration: DellEMC(conf)# errdisable recovery interval 30 New timer interval will be effective from the next timer instance only. Following is the sample steps to configure the recovery cause and the timer interval for automatic recovery of an interface.
Management Interfaces The system supports the Management Ethernet interface as well as the standard interface on any port. You can use either method to connect to the system. Configuring Management Interfaces The dedicated Management interface provides management access to the system. You can configure this interface using the CLI, but the configuration options on this interface are limited.
Queueing strategy: fifo Input 791 packets, 62913 bytes, 775 multicast Received 0 errors, 0 discarded Output 21 packets, 3300 bytes, 20 multicast Output 0 errors, 0 invalid protocol Time since last interface status change: 00:06:03 If there are two RPMs on the system, configure each Management interface with a different IP address. Unless you configure the management route command, you can only access the Management interface from the local LAN.
O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2, E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, IA - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, > - non-active route, + - summary route Gateway of last resort is 10.11.131.254 to network 0.0.0.0 Destination ----------*S 0.0.0.0/0 C 10.11.130.0/23 DellEMC# Gateway Dist/Metric Last Change ----------------- ----------via 10.11.131.
● Enter a number as the Loopback interface. CONFIGURATION mode interface loopback number The range is from 0 to 16383. ● View Loopback interface configurations. EXEC mode show interface loopback number ● Delete a Loopback interface. CONFIGURATION mode no interface loopback number Many of the commands supported on physical interfaces are also supported on a Loopback interface. Null Interfaces The Null interface is another virtual interface. There is only one Null interface.
Port Channel Definition and Standards Link aggregation is defined by IEEE 802.3ad as a method of grouping multiple physical interfaces into a single logical interface— a link aggregation group (LAG) or port channel. A LAG is “a group of links that appear to a MAC client as if they were a single link” according to IEEE 802.3ad. In Dell EMC Networking OS, a LAG is referred to as a port channel interface. A port channel provides redundancy by aggregating physical interfaces into one logical interface.
channel is a Tengigabit Ethernet interface, all interfaces at 10000 Mbps are kept up, and all other interfaces that are not set to 10G speed or auto negotiate are disabled. Dell EMC Networking OS brings up the interfaces that are set to auto negotiate so that their speed is identical to the speed of the first channel member in the port channel. Configuration Tasks for Port Channel Interfaces To configure a port channel (LAG), use the commands similar to those found in physical interfaces.
When an interface is added to a port channel, Dell EMC Networking OS recalculates the hash algorithm. To add a physical interface to a port, use the following commands. 1. Add the interface to a port channel. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode channel-member interface The interface variable is the physical interface type and slot/port information. 2. Double check that the interface was added to the port channel.
no ip address switchport channel-member TenGigabitEthernet 1/6/1 DellEMC(conf-if-portch)#int Te 1/6/1 DellEMC(conf-if)#ip address 10.56.4.4 /24 % Error: Port is part of a LAG Te 1/6/1. Reassigning an Interface to a New Port Channel An interface can be a member of only one port channel. If the interface is a member of a port channel, remove it from the first port channel and then add it to the second port channel.
DellEMC(conf-if-po-1)#minimum-links 5 DellEMC(conf-if-po-1)# Adding or Removing a Port Channel from a VLAN As with other interfaces, you can add Layer 2 port channel interfaces to VLANs. To add a port channel to a VLAN, place the port channel in Layer 2 mode (by using the switchport command). To add or remove a VLAN port channel and to view VLAN port channel members, use the following commands. ● Add the port channel to the VLAN as a tagged interface.
Assigning an IP Address to a Port Channel You can assign an IP address to a port channel and use port channels in Layer 3 routing protocols. To assign an IP address, use the following command. ● Configure an IP address and mask on the interface. INTERFACE mode ip address ip-address mask [secondary] ○ ip-address mask: enter an address in dotted-decimal format (A.B.C.D). The mask must be in slash format (/24). ○ secondary: the IP address is the interface’s backup IP address.
For more information about algorithm choices, refer to the command details in the IP Routing chapter of the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Reference Guide. ● Change the Hash algorithm seed value to get better hash value Hash seed is used to compute the hash value. By default hash seed is chassis MAC 32 bits. we can also change the hash seed by the following command. CONFIGURATION mode hash-algorithm seed {seed value} ● Change to another algorithm.
The show configuration command is also available under Interface Range mode. This command allows you to display the running configuration only for interfaces that are part of interface range. You can avoid specifying spaces between the range of interfaces, separated by commas, that you configure by using the interface range command. For example, if you enter a list of interface ranges, such as interface range fo 1/1-1,te 2/1/1interface range fo 1/1-1,te 2/1/1, this configuration is considered valid.
Exclude a Smaller Port Range The following is an example show how the smaller of two port ranges is omitted in the interface-range prompt.
Define the Interface Range The following example shows how to define an interface-range macro named “test” to select Ten Gigabit Ethernet interfaces 5/1 through 5/4. Example of the define interface-range Command for Macros DellEMC(config)# define interface-range test tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 - 1/4/1 Choosing an Interface-Range Macro To use an interface-range macro, use the following command. ● Selects the interfaces range to be configured using the values saved in a named interface-range macro.
Over 255B packets: Over 511B packets: Over 1023B packets: Error statistics: Input underruns: Input giants: Input throttles: Input CRC: Input IP checksum: Input overrun: Output underruns: Output throttles: m l T q - 0 0 0 0 pps 0 pps 0 pps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Change mode Page up Increase refresh interval Quit pps pps pps pps pps pps pps pps c - Clear screen a - Page down t - Decrease refresh interval q DellEMC# Maintenance Using TDR The time domain reflectometer
Current address is 34:17:eb:f2:25:c6 Non-qualified pluggable media present, QSFP type is 40GBASE-SR4 Wavelength is 850nm No power Interface index is 2103813 Internet address is not set Mode of IPv4 Address Assignment : NONE DHCP Client-ID :3417ebf225c6 MTU 1554 bytes, IP MTU 1500 bytes LineSpeed 40000 Mbit
21 22 25 27 29 30 31 32 21 22 25 27 29 30 31 32 S6010-ON_1#show system stack-unit 1 quad-port-profile Configured fan out profile ports in stack-unit 1 Configured Activated 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 26 26 28 28 30 30 32 32 You can only split the 40G ports in the top row (odd numbered ports) on a 16X40G module.
The physical port is not present in the show inventory media command output: Dell# show inventory media Slot Port Type Media Serial Number Dell Qualified ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 1/15/1 QSFP 40GBASE-SR4 4829455N01XP Yes 1 1/15/2 QSFP 40GBASE-SR4 4829455N01XP Yes 1 1/15/3 QSFP 40GBASE-SR4 4829455N01XP Yes 1 1/15/4 QSFP 40GBASE-SR4 4829455N01XP Yes Splitting QSFP Ports to SFP+ Ports The platform supports splitting a single 40G QSFP port into four 10G
Similarly, you can enable the fan-out mode to configure the QSFP port on a device to act as an SFP or SFP+ port. As the QSA enables a QSFP or QSFP+ port to be used as an SFP or SFP+ port, Dell Networking OS does not immediately detect the QSA after you insert it into a QSFP port cage. After you insert an SFP or SFP+ cable into a QSA connected to a 40 Gigabit port, Dell Networking OS assumes that all the four fanned-out 10 Gigabit ports have plugged-in SFP or SFP+ optical cables.
SFP+ 1/1 Rx Power measurement type =================================== SFP+ 1/1 Temp High Alarm threshold SFP+ 1/1 Voltage High Alarm threshold SFP+ 1/1 Bias High Alarm threshold = OMA = 0.000C = 0.000V = 0.000mA NOTE: In the following show interfaces tengigbitethernet commands, the ports 1/1,2/1, and 3/1 are inactive and no physical SFP or SFP+ connection actually exists on these ports.
Link Dampening Interface state changes occur when interfaces are administratively brought up or down or if an interface state changes. Every time an interface changes a state or flaps, routing protocols are notified of the status of the routes that are affected by the change in state. These protocols go through the momentous task of re-converging. Flapping; therefore, puts the status of entire network at risk of transient loops and black holes.
Figure 48. Interface State Change Consider an interface periodically flaps as shown above. Every time the interface goes down, a penalty (1024) is added. In the above example, during the first interface flap (flap 1), the penalty is added to 1024. And, the accumulated penalty will exponentially decay based on the set half-life, which is set as 10 seconds in the above example. During the second interface flap (flap 2), again the penalty (1024) is accumulated.
Enabling Link Dampening To enable link dampening, use the following command. ● Enable link dampening. INTERFACE mode dampening To view the link dampening configuration on an interface, use the show config command. R1(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 ip address 10.10.19.1/24 dampening 1 2 3 4 no shutdown To view dampening information on all or specific dampened interfaces, use the show interfaces dampening command from EXEC Privilege mode.
Configure MTU Size on an Interface In Dell EMC Networking OS, Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is defined as the entire Ethernet packet (Ethernet header + FCS + payload). The following table lists the range for each transmission media. Transmission Media MTU Range (in bytes) Ethernet 592-9216 = link MTU 576-9398 = IP MTU The IP MTU automatically configures.
The globally assigned 48-bit Multicast address 01-80-C2-00-00-01 is used to send and receive pause frames. To allow fullduplex flow control, stations implementing the pause operation instruct the MAC to enable reception of frames with destination address equal to this multicast address. The PAUSE frame is defined by IEEE 802.3x and uses MAC Control frames to carry the PAUSE commands. Ethernet pause frames are supported on full duplex only.
The following table lists the various Layer 2 overheads found in the Dell EMC Networking OS and the number of bytes. Table 43. Layer 2 Overhead Layer 2 Overhead Difference Between Link MTU and IP MTU Ethernet (untagged) 18 bytes VLAN Tag 22 bytes Untagged Packet with VLAN-Stack Header 22 bytes Tagged Packet with VLAN-Stack Header 26 bytes Link MTU and IP MTU considerations for port channels and VLANs are as follows.
EXEC Privilege mode show interfaces [interface | stack—unit stack-unit-number] status 2. Determine the remote interface status. EXEC mode or EXEC Privilege mode [Use the command on the remote system that is equivalent to the first command.] 3. Access CONFIGURATION mode. EXEC Privilege mode config 4. Access the port. CONFIGURATION mode interface interface-type 5. Set the local port speed.
duplex full no shutdown Set Auto-Negotiation Options The negotiation auto command provides a mode option for configuring an individual port to forced master/ forced slave once auto-negotiation is enabled. CAUTION: Ensure that only one end of the node is configured as forced-master and the other is configured as forced-slave. If both are configured the same (that is, both as forced-master or both as forced-slave), the show interface command flaps between an auto-neg-error and forced-master/slave states.
DellEMC#show DellEMC#show DellEMC#show DellEMC#show DellEMC#show DellEMC#show DellEMC#show ip interface stack-unit 1 configured ip interface tengigabitEthernet 1 configured ip interface br configured ip interface br stack-unit 1 configured ip interface br tengigabitEthernet 1 configured running-config interfaces configured running-config interface tengigabitEthernet 1 configured In EXEC mode, the show interfaces switchport command displays only interfaces in Layer 2 mode and their relevant configuration i
0 throttles, 0 discarded Rate info (interval 299 seconds): Input 00.00 Mbits/sec, 0 packets/sec, 0.00% of line-rate Output 00.00 Mbits/sec, 0 packets/sec, 0.
EXEC Privilege mode clear counters [interface] [vrrp [vrid] | learning-limit] (OPTIONAL) Enter the following interface keywords and slot/port or number information: ○ For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port/subport information. ○ For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. ○ For a Loopback interface, enter the keyword loopback then a number from 0 to 16383.
Table 44. Standard and Compressed Configurations Uncompressed Compressed ! ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/3/1 interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/34/1 no ip address ip address 2.1.1.
Table 44. Standard and Compressed Configurations Uncompressed Compressed ip address 1.1.1.1/16 no shutdown Uncompressed config size – 52 lines write memory compressed The write memory compressed CLI will write the operating configuration to the startup-config file in the compressed mode. In stacking scenario, it will also take care of syncing it to all the standby and member units.
20 IPv4 Routing The Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS) supports various IP addressing features. This chapter describes the basics of domain name service (DNS), address resolution protocol (ARP), and routing principles and their implementation in the Dell EMC Networking OS.
IP Addresses Dell EMC Networking OS supports IP version 4 (as described in RFC 791), classful routing, and variable length subnet masks (VLSM). With VLSM, you can configure one network with different masks. Supernetting, which increases the number of subnets, is also supported. To subnet, you add a mask to the IP address to separate the network and host portions of the IP address.
INTERFACE mode ip address ip-address mask [secondary] ● ip-address mask: the IP address must be in dotted decimal format (A.B.C.D). The mask must be in slash prefixlength format (/24). ● secondary: add the keyword secondary if the IP address is the interface’s backup IP address. You can configure up to eight secondary IP addresses. To view the configuration, use the show config command in INTERFACE mode or use the show ip interface command in EXEC privilege mode, as shown in the second example.
S 6.1.2.9/32 S 6.1.2.10/32 S 6.1.2.11/32 S 6.1.2.12/32 S 6.1.2.13/32 S 6.1.2.14/32 S 6.1.2.15/32 S 6.1.2.16/32 S 6.1.2.17/32 S 11.1.1.0/24 Direct, Lo 0 --More-- via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.
Configure Static Routes for the Management Interface When an IP address that a protocol uses and a static management route exists for the same prefix, the protocol route takes precedence over the static management route. To configure a static route for the management port, use the following command. ● Assign a static route to point to the management interface or forwarding router.
occurs on the device. You can set the wait time to be 10 seconds or lower. If the device does not contain any BGP connections with the BGP neighbors across WAN links, you must set this interval to a higher value, depending on the complexity of your network and the configuration attributes. To configure the duration for which the device waits for the ACK packet to be sent from the requesting host to establish the TCP connection, perform the following steps: 1.
The order you entered the servers determines the order of their use. To view current bindings, use the show hosts command. DellEMC>show host Default domain is force10networks.com Name/address lookup uses domain service Name servers are not set Host Flags TTL Type Address -------- ----- ------- ------ks (perm, OK) - IP 2.2.2.2 patch1 (perm, OK) - IP 192.68.69.2 tomm-3 (perm, OK) - IP 192.68.99.2 gxr (perm, OK) - IP 192.71.18.2 f00-3 (perm, OK) - IP 192.71.23.
The following text is example output of DNS using the traceroute command. DellEMC#traceroute www.force10networks.com Translating "www.force10networks.com"...domain server (10.11.0.1) [OK] Type Ctrl-C to abort. ---------------------------------------------------------------------Tracing the route to www.force10networks.com (10.11.84.18), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets ---------------------------------------------------------------------TTL Hostname Probe1 Probe2 Probe3 1 10.11.199.190 001.000 ms 001.
○ interface: enter the interface type slot/port information. For 10G interfaces, enter the slot/port[/subport] information. These entries do not age and can only be removed manually. To remove a static ARP entry, use the no arp ip-address command. To view the static entries in the ARP cache, use the show arp static command in EXEC privilege mode.
Enabling ARP Learning via Gratuitous ARP To enable ARP learning via gratuitous ARP, use the following command. ● Enable ARP learning via gratuitous ARP. CONFIGURATION mode arp learn-enable ARP Learning via ARP Request In Dell EMC Networking OS versions prior to 8.3.1.0, Dell EMC Networking OS learns via ARP requests only if the target IP specified in the packet matches the IP address of the receiving router interface. This is the case when a host is attempting to resolve the gateway address.
Configuring ARP Retries You can configure the number of ARP retries. The default backoff interval remains at 20 seconds. To set and display ARP retries, use the following commands. ● Set the number of ARP retries. CONFIGURATION mode arp retries number The default is 5. The range is from 1 to 20. ● Set the exponential timer for resending unresolved ARPs. CONFIGURATION mode arp backoff-time The default is 30. The range is from 1 to 3600. ● Display all ARP entries learned via gratuitous ARP.
ICMP Redirects When a host sends a packet to a destination, it sends the packet to the configured default gateway. If the gateway router finds that a better route is available through a different router in the same network, that is, the same data link, the gateway router sends the source host an ICMP redirect message with the better route. The gateway router routes the packet to its destination and the host sends subsequent packets to that particular destination through the correct router.
UDP Helper User datagram protocol (UDP) helper allows you to direct the forwarding IP/UDP broadcast traffic by creating special broadcast addresses and rewriting the destination IP address of packets to match those addresses. Configure UDP Helper To configure Dell EMC Networking OS to direct UDP broadcast, enable UDP helper and specify the UDP ports for which traffic is forwarded.
2. If you enable UDP helper (using the ip udp-helper udp-port command), and the UDP destination port of the packet matches the UDP port configured, the system changes the destination address to the configured broadcast 1.1.255.255 and routes the packet to VLANs 100 and 101. If you do not configure an IP broadcast address (using the ip udp-broadcast-address command) on VLANs 100 or 101, the packet is forwarded using the original destination IP address 255.255.255.255.
UDP Helper with Configured Broadcast Addresses Incoming packets with a destination IP address matching the configured broadcast address of any interface are forwarded to the matching interfaces. In the following illustration, Packet 1 has a destination IP address that matches the configured broadcast address of VLAN 100 and 101. If you enabled UDP helper and the UDP port number matches, the packet is flooded on both VLANs with an unchanged destination address. Packet 2 is sent from a host on VLAN 101.
2017-08-05 11:59:35 %RELAY-I-BOOTREQUEST, Forwarded BOOTREQUEST for 00:02:2D:8D:46:DC to 137.138.17.6 2017-08-05 11:59:36 %RELAY-I-PACKET, BOOTP REPLY (Unicast) received at interface 194.12.129.98 BOOTP Reply, XID = 0x9265f901, secs = 0 hwaddr = 00:02:2D:8D:46:DC, giaddr = 172.21.50.193, hops = 2 2017-08-05 11:59:36 %RELAY-I-BOOTREPLY, Forwarded BOOTREPLY for 00:02:2D:8D:46:DC to 128.141.128.90 Packet 0.0.0.0:68 -> 255.255.255.
21 IPv6 Routing Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) routing is the successor to IPv4. Due to the rapid growth in internet users and IP addresses, IPv4 is reaching its maximum usage. IPv6 will eventually replace IPv4 usage to allow for the constant expansion. This chapter provides a brief description of the differences between IPv4 and IPv6, and the Dell EMC Networking support of IPv6. This chapter is not intended to be a comprehensive description of IPv6.
● Prefix Renumbering — Useful in transparent renumbering of hosts in the network when an organization changes its service provider. NOTE: As an alternative to stateless autoconfiguration, network hosts can obtain their IPv6 addresses using the dynamic host control protocol (DHCP) servers via stateful auto-configuration. NOTE: Dell EMC Networking OS provides the flexibility to add prefixes on Router Advertisements (RA) to advertise responses to Router Solicitations (RS).
● A command has been introduced to partition the LPM to support provisioning of IPv6 /65 to /128 route prefixes. To support /65 – /128 IPv6 route prefix entries, Dell EMC Networking OS needs to be programmed with /65 - /128 bit IPv6 support. The number of entries as well needs to be explicitly programmed. This number can be1K, 2K, or 3K granularity. On the system, for IPv6 /65 to /128 will consume the same storage banks which is used by the L3_DEFIP table.
Version (4 bits) The Version field always contains the number 6, referring to the packet’s IP version. Traffic Class (8 bits) The Traffic Class field deals with any data that needs special handling. These bits define the packet priority and are defined by the packet Source. Sending and forwarding routers use this field to identify different IPv6 classes and priorities. Routers understand the priority settings and handle them appropriately during conditions of congestion.
Hop Limit (8 bits) The Hop Limit field shows the number of hops remaining for packet processing. In IPv4, this is known as the Time to Live (TTL) field and uses seconds rather than hops. Each time the packet moves through a forwarding router, this field decrements by 1. If a router receives a packet with a Hop Limit of 1, it decrements it to 0 (zero). The router discards the packet and sends an ICMPv6 message back to the sending router indicating that the Hop Limit was exceeded in transit.
11 Discard the packet and send an ICMP Parameter Problem, Code 2 message to the packet’s Source IP Address only if the Destination IP Address is not a multicast address. The second byte contains the Option Data Length. The third byte specifies whether the information can change en route to the destination. The value is 1 if it can change; the value is 0 if it cannot change.
Implementing IPv6 with Dell EMC Networking OS Dell EMC Networking OS supports both IPv4 and IPv6 and both may be used simultaneously in your system. The following table lists the Dell EMC Networking OS version in which an IPv6 feature became available for each platform. The sections following the table give greater detail about the feature. Table 45.
Table 45. Dell EMC Networking OS versions and supported platforms with IPv6 support (continued) Feature and Functionality Documentation and Chapter Location IPv6 IS-IS in the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Line Reference Guide. OSPF for IPv6 (OSPFv3) OSPFv3 in the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Line Reference Guide.
Path MTU discovery The size of the packet that can be sent across each hop in the network path without being fragmented is called the path maximum transmission unit (PMTU). The PMTU value might differ for the same route between two devices, mainly over a public network, depending on the network load and speed, and it is not a consistent value. The MTU size can also be different for various types of traffic sent from one host to the same endpoint.
Figure 57. NDP Router Redirect IPv6 Neighbor Discovery of MTU Packets You can set the MTU advertised through the RA packets to incoming routers, without altering the actual MTU setting on the interface. The ipv6 nd mtu command sets the value advertised to routers. It does not set the actual MTU rate. For example, if you set ipv6 nd mtu to 1280, the interface still passes 1500-byte packets, if that is what is set with the mtu command.
DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#ipv6 nd dns-server 1000::1 1 Debugging IPv6 RDNSS Information Sent to the Host To verify that the IPv6 RDNSS information sent to the host is configured correctly, use the debug ipv6 nd command in EXEC Privilege mode. Example of Debugging IPv6 RDNSS Information Sent to the Host The following example debugs IPv6 RDNSS information sent to the host.
ND ND ND IP dns-server address is 1000::1 with lifetime of 1 seconds dns-server address is 3000::1 with lifetime of 1 seconds dns-server address is 2000::1 with lifetime of 0 seconds unicast RPF check is not supported To display IPv6 RDNSS information, use the show configuration command in INTERFACE CONFIG mode. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#show configuration The following example uses the show configuration command to display IPv6 RDNSS information.
cam-acl { ipv6acl } When not selecting the default option, enter all of the profiles listed and a range for each. The total space allocated must equal 13. The ipv6acl range must be a factor of 2. ● Show the current CAM settings. EXEC mode or EXEC Privilege mode show cam-acl ● Provides information on FP groups allocated for the egress acl. CONFIGURATION mode show cam-acl-egress Allocate at least one group for L2ACL and IPv4 ACL. The total number of groups is 4.
○ tag: route tag Enter the keyword interface then the type of interface and slot/port information: ○ For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port/subport information. ○ For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. ○ For a Loopback interface, enter the keyword loopback then a number from 0 to 16383. ○ For a port channel interface, enter the keywords port-channel then a number.
prefix-list route rpf DellEMC# List IPv6 prefix lists IPv6 routing information RPF table Displaying an IPv6 Interface Information To view the IPv6 configuration for a specific interface, use the following command. ● Show the currently running configuration for the specified interface.
○ To display information about all IPv6 routes (including non-active routes), enter all. ○ To display information about all connected IPv6 routes, enter connected. ○ To display information about brief summary of all IPv6 routes, enter summary. ○ To display information about Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routes, enter bgp. ○ To display information about ISO IS-IS routes, enter isis. ○ To display information about Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routes, enter ospf.
show running-config interface type {slot/port[/subport]} Enter the keyword interface then the type of interface and slot/port information: ○ For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port/subport information. ○ For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. ○ For the Management interface on the stack-unit, enter the keyword ManagementEthernet then the slot/port information.
2. Enable the IPv6 RA guard. CONFIGURATION mode ipv6 nd ra-guard enable 3. Create the policy. POLICY LIST CONFIGURATION mode ipv6 nd ra-guard policy policy-name 4. Define the role of the device attached to the port. POLICY LIST CONFIGURATION mode device-role {host | router} Use the keyword host to set the device role as host. Use the keyword router to set the device role as router. 5. Set the hop count limit.
show config Example of the show config Command DellEMC(conf-ra_guard_policy_list)#show config ! ipv6 nd ra-guard policy test device-role router hop-limit maximum 251 mtu 1350 other-config-flag on reachable-time 540 retrans-timer 101 router-preference maximum medium trusted-port DellEMC(conf-ra_guard_policy_list)# Configuring IPv6 RA Guard on an Interface To configure the IPv6 Router Advertisement (RA) guard on an interface, perform the following steps: 1. Configure the terminal to enter the Interface mode.
22 iSCSI Optimization This chapter describes how to configure internet small computer system interface (iSCSI) optimization, which enables qualityof-service (QoS) treatment for iSCSI traffic.
message. This cannot be inferred as the maximum supported iSCSI sessions are reached. Also, number of iSCSI sessions displayed on the system may show any number equal to or less than the maximum. The following illustration shows iSCSI optimization between servers and a storage array in which a stack of three switches connect installed servers (iSCSI initiators) to a storage array (iSCSI targets) in a SAN network.
Application of Quality of Service to iSCSI Traffic Flows You can configure iSCSI CoS mode. This mode controls whether CoS (dot1p priority) queue assignment and/or packet marking is performed on iSCSI traffic. When you enable iSCSI CoS mode, the CoS policy is applied to iSCSI traffic. When you disable iSCSI CoS mode, iSCSI sessions and connections are still detected and displayed in the status tables, but no CoS policy is applied to iSCSI traffic.
Detection and Auto-Configuration for Dell EqualLogic Arrays The iSCSI optimization feature includes auto-provisioning support with the ability to detect directly connected Dell EqualLogic storage arrays and automatically reconfigure the switch to enhance storage traffic flows. The switch uses the link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) to discover Dell EqualLogic devices on the network. LLDP is enabled by default. For more information about LLDP, refer to Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP).
● Additional updates to connections (including aging updates) that are learnt on VLT lag members are synced to the peer. ● When receiving an iSCSI login request on a non-VLT interface followed by a response from a VLT interface, the session is not synced since it is initially learnt on a non-VLT interface through the request packet. ● The peer generates a new connection log that sees the login response packet.
Table 46. iSCSI Optimization Defaults (continued) Parameter Default Value iSCSI optimization target ports iSCSI well-known ports 3260 and 860 are configured as default (with no IP address or name) but can be removed as any other configured target. iSCSI session monitoring Disabled. The CAM allocation for iSCSI is set to zero (0). iSCSI Optimization Prerequisites The following are iSCSI optimization prerequisites. ● iSCSI optimization requires LLDP on the switch.
[no] iscsi target port tcp-port-1 [tcp-port-2...tcp-port-16] [ip-address address] ● tcp-port-n is the TCP port number or a list of TCP port numbers on which the iSCSI target listens to requests. You can configure up to 16 target TCP ports on the switch in one command or multiple commands. The default is 860, 3260. Separate port numbers with a comma. If multiple IP addresses are mapped to a single TCP port, use the no iscsi target port tcp-port-n command to remove all IP addresses assigned to the TCP number.
Displaying iSCSI Optimization Information To display information on iSCSI optimization, use the following show commands. ● Display the currently configured iSCSI settings. show iscsi ● Display information on active iSCSI sessions on the switch. show iscsi sessions ● Display detailed information on active iSCSI sessions on the switch . To display detailed information on specified iSCSI session, enter the session’s iSCSI ID.
Up Time:00:00:01:28(DD:HH:MM:SS) Time for aging out:00:00:09:34(DD:HH:MM:SS) ISID:806978696102 Initiator Initiator Target Target IP Address TCP Port IP Address TCPPort 10.10.0.53 33432 10.10.0.
23 Intermediate System to Intermediate System The intermediate system to intermediate system (IS-IS) protocol that uses a shortest-path-first algorithm. Dell EMC Networking supports both IPv4 and IPv6 versions of IS-IS.
Figure 59. ISO Address Format Multi-Topology IS-IS Multi-topology IS-IS (MT IS-IS) allows you to create multiple IS-IS topologies on a single router with separate databases. Use this feature to place a virtual physical topology into logical routing domains, which can each support different routing and security policies. All routers on a LAN or point-to-point must have at least one common supported topology when operating in Multi-Topology IS-IS mode.
Graceful Restart Graceful restart is a protocol-based mechanism that preserves the forwarding table of the restarting router and its neighbors for a specified period to minimize the loss of packets. A graceful-restart router does not immediately assume that a neighbor is permanently down and so does not trigger a topology change. Normally, when an IS-IS router is restarted, temporary disruption of routing occurs due to events in both the restarting router and the neighbors of the restarting router.
● Computes routes to IPv6 destinations. ● Downloads IPv6 routes to the RTM for installing in the FIB. ● Accepts external IPv6 information and advertises this information in the PDUs. The following table lists the default IS-IS values. Table 47.
In IS-IS, neighbors form adjacencies only when they are same IS type. For example, a Level 1 router never forms an adjacency with a Level 2 router. A Level 1-2 router forms Level 1 adjacencies with a neighboring Level 1 router and forms Level 2 adjacencies with a neighboring Level 2 router. NOTE: Even though you enable IS-IS globally, enable the IS-IS process on an interface for the IS-IS process to exchange protocol information and form adjacencies. To configure IS-IS globally, use the following commands.
To view the IS-IS configuration, enter the show isis protocol command in EXEC Privilege mode or the show config command in ROUTER ISIS mode. DellEMC#show isis protocol IS-IS Router: System Id: EEEE.EEEE.EEEE IS-Type: level-1-2 Manual area address(es): 47.0004.004d.0001 Routing for area address(es): 21.2223.2425.2627.2829.3031.3233 47.0004.004d.
ROUTER ISIS AF IPV6 mode set-overload-bit 3. Set the minimum interval between SPF calculations. ROUTER ISIS AF IPV6 mode spf-interval [level-l | level-2 | interval] [initial_wait_interval [second_wait_interval]] Use this command for IPv6 route computation only when you enable multi-topology. If using single-topology mode, to apply to both IPv4 and IPv6 route computations, use the spf-interval command in CONFIG ROUTER ISIS mode. 4. Implement a wide metric-style globally.
○ adjacency: the restarting router receives the remaining time value from its peer and adjusts its T3 value so if user has configured this option. ○ manual: allows you to specify a fixed value that the restarting router should use. The range is from 50 to 120 seconds. The default is 30 seconds. NOTE: If this timer expires before the synchronization has completed, the restarting router sends the overload bit in the LSP.
Changing LSP Attributes IS-IS routers flood link state PDUs (LSPs) to exchange routing information. LSP attributes include the generation interval, maximum transmission unit (MTU) or size, and the refresh interval. You can modify the LSP attribute defaults, but it is not necessary. To change the defaults, use any or all of the following commands. ● Set interval between LSP generation. ROUTER ISIS mode lsp-gen-interval [level-1 | level-2] seconds ○ seconds: the range is from 0 to 120.
Table 48. Metric Styles Metric Style Characteristics Cost Range Supported on IS-IS Interfaces narrow Sends and accepts narrow or old TLVs (Type, Length, Value). 0 to 63 wide Sends and accepts wide or new TLVs. 0 to 16777215 transition Sends both wide (new) and narrow (old) TLVs. 0 to 63 narrow transition Sends narrow (old) TLVs and accepts both narrow (old) and wide (new) TLVs. 0 to 63 wide transition Sends wide (new) TLVs and accepts both narrow (old) and wide (new) TLVs.
isis ipv6 metric default-metric [level-1 | level-2] ○ default-metric: the range is from 0 to 63 for narrow and transition metric styles. The range is from 0 to 16777215 for wide metric styles. The default is 10. The default level is level-1. For more information about this command, refer to Configuring the IS-IS Metric Style. The following table describes the correct value range for the isis metric command.
LSPID B233.00-00 eljefe.00-00 * eljefe.01-00 * eljefe.02-00 * Force10.00-00 LSP Seq Num 0x00000006 0x0000000D 0x00000001 0x00000001 0x00000004 LSP Checksum 0xC38A 0x51C6 0x68DF 0x2E7F 0xCDA9 LSP Holdtime 1124 1129 1122 1113 1107 ATT/P/OL 0/0/0 0/0/0 0/0/0 0/0/0 0/0/0 DellEMC# Controlling Routing Updates To control the source of IS-IS route information, use the following command. ● Disable a specific interface from sending or receiving IS-IS routing information.
○ static: for user-configured routes. ○ bgp: for BGP routes only. ● Deny RTM download for pre-existing redistributed IPv4 routes. ROUTER ISIS mode distribute-list redistributed-override in Applying IPv6 Routes To apply prefix lists to incoming or outgoing IPv6 routes, use the following commands. NOTE: These commands apply to IPv6 IS-IS only. To apply prefix lists to IPv4 routes, use ROUTER ISIS mode, previously shown. ● Apply a configured prefix list to all incoming IPv6 IS-IS routes.
Configure the following parameters: ○ level-1, level-1-2, or level-2: assign all redistributed routes to a level. The default is level-2. ○ metric-value the range is from 0 to 16777215. The default is 0. ○ metric-type: choose either external or internal. The default is internal. ○ map-name: enter the name of a configured route map. ● Include specific OSPF routes in IS-IS.
Configuring Authentication Passwords You can assign an authentication password for routers in Level 1 and for routers in Level 2. Because Level 1 and Level 2 routers do not communicate with each other, you can assign different passwords for Level 1 routers and for Level 2 routers. However, if you want the routers in the level to communicate with each other, configure them with the same password. To configure a simple text password, use the following commands. ● Configure authentication password for an area.
Debugging IS-IS To debug IS-IS processes, use the following commands. ● View all IS-IS information. EXEC Privilege mode debug isis ● View information on all adjacency-related activity (for example, hello packets that are sent and received). EXEC Privilege mode debug isis adj-packets [interface] To view specific information, enter the following optional parameter: ○ interface: Enter the type of interface and slot/port information to view IS-IS information on that interface only.
Configure Metric Values For any level (Level-1, Level-2, or Level-1-2), the value range possible in the isis metric command in INTERFACE mode changes depending on the metric style. The following describes the correct value range for the isis metric command.
Table 49.
Table 51.
Figure 60. IPv6 IS-IS Sample Topography The following is a sample configuration for enabling IPv6 IS-IS. IS-IS Sample Configuration — Congruent Topology DellEMC(conf-if-te-3/17/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/17/1 ip address 24.3.1.1/24 ipv6 address 24:3::1/76 ip router isis ipv6 router isis no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-3/17/1)# DellEMC(conf-router_isis)#show config ! router isis metric-style wide level-1 metric-style wide level-2 net 34.0000.0000.AAAA.
IS-IS Sample Configuration — Multi-topology Transition DellEMC(conf-if-te-3/17/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/17/1 ipv6 address 24:3::1/76 ipv6 router isis no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-3/17/1)# DellEMC(conf-router_isis)#show config ! router isis net 34.0000.0000.AAAA.
24 Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) A link aggregation group (LAG), referred to as a port channel by the Dell EMC Networking OS, can provide both load-sharing and port redundancy across line cards. You can enable LAGs as static or dynamic.
● You can configure link dampening on individual members of a LAG. LACP Modes Dell EMC Networking OS provides three modes for configuration of LACP — Off, Active, and Passive. ● Off — In this state, an interface is not capable of being part of a dynamic LAG. LACP does not run on any port that is configured to be in this state. ● Active — In this state, the interface is said to be in the “active negotiating state.” LACP runs on any link that is configured to be in this state.
Creating a LAG To create a dynamic port channel (LAG), use the following command. First you define the LAG and then the LAG interfaces. ● Create a dynamic port channel (LAG). CONFIGURATION mode interface port-channel ● Create a dynamic port channel (LAG). CONFIGURATION mode switchport DellEMC(conf)#interface port-channel 32 DellEMC(conf-if-po-32)#no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-po-32)#switchport The LAG is in the default VLAN. To place the LAG into a non-default VLAN, use the tagged command on the LAG.
NOTE: The 30-second timeout is available for dynamic LAG interfaces only. You can enter the lacp long-timeout command for static LAGs, but it has no effect. To configure LACP long timeout, use the following command. ● Set the LACP timeout value to 30 seconds.
Figure 61. Shared LAG State Tracking To avoid packet loss, redirect traffic through the next lowest-cost link (R3 to R4). Dell EMC Networking OS has the ability to bring LAG 2 down if LAG 1 fails, so that traffic can be redirected. This redirection is what is meant by shared LAG state tracking. To achieve this functionality, you must group LAG 1 and LAG 2 into a single entity, called a failover group.
Figure 62. Configuring Shared LAG State Tracking The following are shared LAG state tracking console messages: ● 2d1h45m: %RPM0-P:CP %IFMGR-5-OSTATE_DN: Changed interface state to down: Po 1 ● 2d1h45m: %RPM0-P:CP %IFMGR-5-OSTATE_DN: Changed interface state to down: Po 2 To view the status of a failover group member, use the show interface port-channel command.
LACP Basic Configuration Example The screenshots in this section are based on the following example topology. Two routers are named ALPHA and BRAVO, and their hostname prompts reflect those names. Figure 63. LACP Basic Configuration Example Configure a LAG on ALPHA The following example creates a LAG on ALPHA.
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 CRC, 0 overrun, 0 discarded Output Statistics 136 packets, 16718 bytes, 0 underruns 0 64-byte pkts, 15 over 64-byte pkts, 121 over 127-byte pkts 0 over 255-byte pkts, 0 over 511-byte pkts, 0 over 1023-byte pkts 136 Multicasts, 0 Broadcasts, 0 Unicasts 0 Vlans, 0 throttles, 0 discarded, 0 collisions, 0 wreddrops Rate info (interval 299 seconds): Input 00.00 Mbits/sec,0 packets/sec, 0.00% of line-rate Output 00.00 Mbits/sec,0 packets/sec, 0.
Figure 65.
Figure 66.
Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#switch Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#no shut Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#show config ! interface Port-channel 10 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#exit Bravo(conf)#int tengig 3/21/1 Bravo(conf)#no ip address Bravo(conf)#no switchport Bravo(conf)#shutdown Bravo(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#port-channel-protocol lacp Bravo(conf-if-te-3/21/1-lacp)#port-channel 10 mode active Bravo(conf-if-te-3/21/1-lacp)#no shut Bravo(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#end ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/21/1 no ip addre
Figure 67.
Figure 68.
Figure 69. Inspecting the LAG Status Using the show lacp command The point-to-point protocol (PPP) is a connection-oriented protocol that enables layer two links over various different physical layer connections. It is supported on both synchronous and asynchronous lines, and can operate in Half-Duplex or Full-Duplex mode. It was designed to carry IP traffic but is general enough to allow any type of network layer datagram to be sent over a PPP connection.
25 Layer 2 This chapter describes the Layer 2 features supported on the device. Topics: • • • • • Manage the MAC Address Table MAC Learning Limit NIC Teaming Configure Redundant Pairs Far-End Failure Detection Manage the MAC Address Table You can perform the following management tasks in the MAC address table.
Configuring a Static MAC Address A static entry is one that is not subject to aging. Enter static entries manually. To create a static MAC address entry, use the following command. ● Create a static MAC address entry in the MAC address table. CONFIGURATION mode mac-address-table static Displaying the MAC Address Table To display the MAC address table, use the following command. ● Display the contents of the MAC address table.
Setting the MAC Learning Limit To set a MAC learning limit on an interface, use the following command. ● Specify the number of MAC addresses that the system can learn off a Layer 2 interface. INTERFACE mode mac learning-limit address_limit Three options are available with the mac learning-limit command: ○ dynamic ○ no-station-move ○ station-move NOTE: An SNMP trap is available for mac learning-limit station-move. No other SNMP traps are available for MAC Learning Limit, including limit violations.
mac learning-limit no-station-move The no-station-move option, also known as “sticky MAC,” provides additional port security by preventing a station move. When you configure this option, the first entry in the table is maintained instead of creating an entry on the new interface. no-station-move is the default behavior. Entries created before you set this option are not affected. To display a list of all interfaces with a MAC learning limit, use the following command.
● Display a list of all of the interfaces configured with MAC learning limit or station move violation. CONFIGURATION mode show mac learning-limit violate-action NOTE: When the MAC learning limit (MLL) is configured as no-station-move, the MLL will be processed as static entries internally. For static entries, the MAC address will be installed in all port-pipes, irrespective of the VLAN membership.
mac port-security NIC Teaming NIC teaming is a feature that allows multiple network interface cards in a server to be represented by one MAC address and one IP address in order to provide transparent redundancy, balancing, and to fully utilize network adapter resources. The following illustration shows a topology where two NICs have been teamed together. In this case, if the primary NIC fails, traffic switches to the secondary NIC because they are represented by the same set of addresses. Figure 70.
Figure 71. Configuring the mac-address-table station-move refresh-arp Command Configure Redundant Pairs Networks that employ switches that do not support the spanning tree protocol (STP) — for example, networks with digital subscriber line access multiplexers (DSLAM) — cannot have redundant links between switches because they create switching loops (as shown in the following illustration).
Figure 72. Configuring Redundant Layer 2 Pairs without Spanning Tree You configure a redundant pair by assigning a backup interface to a primary interface with the switchport backup interface command. Initially, the primary interface is active and transmits traffic and the backup interface remains down. If the primary fails for any reason, the backup transitions to an active Up state. If the primary interface fails and later comes back up, it remains as the backup interface for the redundant pair.
As shown in the previous illustration, interface 1/11/1 is a backup interface for 1/11/2, and 1/11/2 is in the Down state. If 1/11/1 fails, 1/11/2 transitions to the Up state, which makes the backup link active. A message similar to the following message appears whenever you configure a backup port.
DellEMC(conf-if-po-1)# DellEMC# DellEMC#show interfaces switchport backup Interface Status Paired Interface Port-channel 1 Active Port-chato mannel 2 Port-channel 2 Standby Port-channel 1 DellEMC# Status Standby Active DellEMC(conf-if-po-1)#switchport backup interface tengigabitethernet 1/2/1 Apr 9 00:16:29: %STKUNIT0-M:CP %IFMGR-5-L2BKUP_WARN: Do not run any Layer2 protocols on Po 1 and Te 1/2/1 DellEMC(conf-if-po-1)# Far-End Failure Detection Far-end failure detection (FEFD) is a protocol that senses r
FEFD State Changes FEFD has two operational modes, Normal and Aggressive. When you enable Normal mode on an interface and a far-end failure is detected, no intervention is required to reset the interface to bring it back to an FEFD operational state. When you enable Aggressive mode on an interface in the same state, manual intervention is required to reset the interface.
To report interval frequency and mode adjustments, use the following commands. 1. Setup two or more connected interfaces for Layer 2 or Layer 3. INTERFACE mode ip address ip address, switchport 2. Enable the necessary ports administratively. INTERFACE mode no shutdown 3. Enable fefd globally. CONFIGURATION mode fefd-global {interval | mode} To display information about the state of each interface, use the show fefd command in EXEC privilege mode.
fefd {disable | interval | mode} DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 no ip address switchport fefd mode normal no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#do show fefd | grep 1/1/1 Te 1/1 Normal 3 Unknown Debugging FEFD To debug FEFD, use the first command. To provide output for each packet transmission over the FEFD enabled connection, use the second command. ● Display output whenever events occur that initiate or disrupt an FEFD enabled connection.
26 Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) This chapter describes how to configure and use the link layer discovery protocol (LLDP). Topics: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 802.
Figure 74. Type, Length, Value (TLV) Segment TLVs are encapsulated in a frame called an LLDP data unit (LLDPDU) (shown in the following table), which is transmitted from one LLDP-enabled device to its LLDP-enabled neighbors. LLDP is a one-way protocol. LLDP-enabled devices (LLDP agents) can transmit and/or receive advertisements, but they cannot solicit and do not respond to advertisements. There are five types of TLVs. All types are mandatory in the construction of an LLDPDU except Optional TLVs.
Optional TLVs The Dell EMC Networking OS supports these optional TLVs: management TLVs, IEEE 802.1 and 802.3 organizationally specific TLVs, and TIA-1057 organizationally specific TLVs. Management TLVs A management TLV is an optional TLVs sub-type. This kind of TLV contains essential management information about the sender. Organizationally Specific TLVs A professional organization or a vendor can define organizationally specific TLVs.
Table 54. Optional TLV Types (continued) Type TLV Description port belongs (and the untagged VLAN to which a port belongs if the port is in Hybrid mode). 127 Protocol Identity Indicates the protocols that the port can process. Dell EMC Networking OS does not currently support this TLV. 127 MAC/PHY Configuration/Status Indicates the capability and current setting of the duplex status and bit rate, and whether the current settings are the result of auto-negotiation.
TIA Organizationally Specific TLVs The Dell EMC Networking system is an LLDP-MED Network Connectivity Device (Device Type 4). Network connectivity devices are responsible for: ● transmitting an LLDP-MED capability TLV to endpoint devices ● storing the information that endpoint devices advertise The following table describes the five types of TIA-1057 Organizationally Specific TLVs. Table 55.
Table 55. TIA-1057 (LLDP-MED) Organizationally Specific TLVs (continued) Type SubType TLV Description 127 11 Inventory — Asset ID Indicates a user specified device number to manage inventory. 127 12–255 Reserved — LLDP-MED Capabilities TLV The LLDP-MED capabilities TLV communicates the types of TLVs that the endpoint device and the network connectivity device support. LLDP-MED network connectivity devices must transmit the Network Policies TLV.
LLDP-MED Network Policies TLV A network policy in the context of LLDP-MED is a device’s VLAN configuration and associated Layer 2 and Layer 3 configurations. LLDP-MED network policies TLV include: ● VLAN ID ● VLAN tagged or untagged status ● Layer 2 priority ● DSCP value An integer represents the application type (the Type integer shown in the following table), which indicates a device function for which a unique network policy is defined.
Extended Power via MDI TLV The extended power via MDI TLV enables advanced PoE management between LLDP-MED endpoints and network connectivity devices. Advertise the extended power via MDI on all ports that are connected to an 802.3af powered, LLDP-MED endpoint device. ● Power Type — there are two possible power types: power source entity (PSE) or power device (PD). The Dell EMC Networking system is a PSE, which corresponds to a value of 0, based on the TIA-1057 specification.
● 802.1X controlled ports do not allow LLDPDUs until the connected device is authenticated. CONFIGURATION versus INTERFACE Configurations All LLDP configuration commands are available in PROTOCOL LLDP mode, which is a sub-mode of the CONFIGURATION mode and INTERFACE mode. ● Configurations made at the CONFIGURATION level are global; that is, they affect all interfaces on the system.
Enabling LLDP on Management Ports LLDP on management ports is enabled by default. To enable LLDP on management ports, use the following command. 1. Enter Protocol LLDP mode. CONFIGURATION mode protocol lldp 2. Enter LLDP management-interface mode. LLDP-MANAGEMENT-INTERFACE mode management-interface 3. Enable LLDP. PROTOCOL LLDP mode no disable Disabling and Undoing LLDP on Management Ports To disable or undo LLDP on management ports, use the following command. 1. Enter Protocol LLDP mode.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ location-identification power-via-mdi softphone-voice streaming-video video-conferencing video-signaling voice voice-signaling In the following example, LLDP is enabled globally. R1 and R2 are transmitting periodic LLDPDUs that contain management, 802.1, and 802.3 TLVs. Figure 80. Configuring LLDP Storing and Viewing Unrecognized LLDP TLVs Dell EMC Networking OS provides support to store unrecognized (reserved and organizational specific) LLDP TLVs.
NOTE: The system increments the TLV discard counter and does not store unrecognized LLDP TLV information in following scenarios: ● If there are multiple TLVs with the same information is received ● If DCBX is down on the receiving interface The organizational specific TLV list is limited to store 256 entries per neighbor. If TLV entries are more than 256, then the oldest entry (of that neighbor) in the list is replaced.
Viewing Information Advertised by Adjacent LLDP Neighbors To view brief information about adjacent devices or to view all the information that neighbors are advertising, use the following commands. ● Display brief information about adjacent devices. show lldp neighbors ● Display all of the information that neighbors are advertising.
Operational MAU type: unknown UnknownTLVList: OrgUnknownTLVList: ((f8-b1-56), 24, 1) ((f8-b1-56), 23, 1) ((f8-b1-56), 22, 1) ((f8-b1-56), 21, 7) ((00-80-c2), 7, 5) --------------------------------------------------------------------------Following note is applicable only in platforms that support 25G interfaces: NOTE: Since different port types are shown in two letters, the 25G interface is represented as tf (Twentyfive) in show lldp neighbors output.
Total Multiple Neighbors Detected: 0 Total Frames Discarded: 0 Total In Error Frames: 0 Total Unrecognized TLVs: 1056 Total TLVs Discarded: 0 Next packet will be sent after 16 seconds The neighbors are given below: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) 4) 4) 4) 4) 4) Remote Chassis ID Subtype: Mac address (4) Remote Chassis ID: 4c:76:25:f4:ab:01 Remote Port Subtype: Interface name (5) Remote Port ID: fortyGigE 1/2/8/1 Local Port ID: FortyGigE 1/1/2 Locally assigned r
R1(conf-lldp)#show config ! protocol lldp advertise dot1-tlv port-protocol-vlan-id port-vlan-id advertise dot3-tlv max-frame-size advertise management-tlv system-capabilities system-description hello 25 no disable R1(conf-lldp)#no hello R1(conf-lldp)#show config ! protocol lldp advertise dot1-tlv port-protocol-vlan-id port-vlan-id advertise dot3-tlv max-frame-size advertise management-tlv system-capabilities system-description no disable R1(conf-lldp)# Configuring LLDP Notification Interval This implementa
R1(conf-lldp)#mode tx R1(conf-lldp)#show config ! protocol lldp advertise dot1-tlv port-protocol-vlan-id port-vlan-id advertise dot3-tlv max-frame-size advertise management-tlv system-capabilities system-description mode tx no disable R1(conf-lldp)#no mode R1(conf-lldp)#show config ! protocol lldp advertise dot1-tlv port-protocol-vlan-id port-vlan-id advertise dot3-tlv max-frame-size advertise management-tlv system-capabilities system-description no disable R1(conf-lldp)# Configuring the Time to Live Value
Debugging LLDP You can view the TLVs that your system is sending and receiving. To view the TLVs, use the following commands. ● View a readable version of the TLVs. debug lldp brief ● View a readable version of the TLVs plus a hexadecimal version of the entire LLDPDU, including unrecognized TLVs. debug lldp detail To stop viewing the LLDP TLVs sent and received by the system, use the no debug lldp command. Figure 81.
Relevant Management Objects Dell EMC Networking OS supports all IEEE 802.1AB MIB objects. The following tables list the objects associated with: ● received and transmitted TLVs ● the LLDP configuration on the local agent ● IEEE 802.1AB Organizationally Specific TLVs ● received and transmitted LLDP-MED TLVs Table 59.
Table 60.
Table 61. LLDP 802.
Table 62.
27 Microsoft Network Load Balancing Network load balancing (NLB) is a clustering functionality that is implemented by Microsoft on Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 operating systems (OSs). NLB uses a distributed methodology or pattern to equally split and balance the network traffic load across a set of servers that are part of the cluster or group.
Limitations of the NLB Feature The following limitations apply to switches on which you configure NLB: ● The NLB Unicast mode uses switch flooding to transmit all packets to all the servers that are part of the VLAN. When a large volume of traffic is processed, the clustering performance might be impacted in a small way. This limitation is applicable to switches that perform unicast flooding in the software. ● The ip vlan-flooding command applies globally across the system and for all VLANs.
There might be some ARP table entries that are resolved through ARP packets, which had the Ethernet MAC SA different from the MAC information inside the ARP packet. This unicast data traffic flooding occurs only for those packets that use these ARP entries. Enabling a Switch for Multicast NLB To enable a switch for Multicast NLB mode, perform the following steps: 1.
28 Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) Multicast source discovery protocol (MSDP) is supported on Dell EMC Networking OS. Protocol Overview MSDP is a Layer 3 protocol that connects IPv4 protocol-independent multicast-sparse mode (PIM-SM) domains. A domain in the context of MSDP is a contiguous set of routers operating PIM within a common boundary defined by an exterior gateway protocol, such as border gateway protocol (BGP).
Figure 83.
Implementation Information The Dell EMC Networking OS implementation of MSDP is in accordance with RFC 3618 and Anycast RP is in accordance with RFC 3446. Configure Multicast Source Discovery Protocol Configuring MSDP is a four-step process. 1. Enable an exterior gateway protocol (EGP) with at least two routing domains. Refer to the following figures. The MSDP Sample Configurations show the OSPF-BGP configuration used in this chapter for MSDP.
Figure 84.
Figure 85.
Figure 86.
Figure 87. Configuring MSDP Enable MSDP Enable MSDP by peering RPs in different administrative domains. 1. Enable MSDP. CONFIGURATION mode ip multicast-msdp 2. Peer PIM systems in different administrative domains. CONFIGURATION mode ip msdp peer connect-source R3(conf)#ip multicast-msdp R3(conf)#ip msdp peer 192.168.0.
Multicast sources in remote domains are stored on the RP in the source-active cache (SA cache). The system does not create entries in the multicast routing table until there is a local receiver for the corresponding multicast group. R3#show ip msdp peer Peer Addr: 192.168.0.1 Local Addr: 192.168.0.
CONFIGURATION mode clear ip msdp sa-cache [group-address | local | rejected-sa] Enabling the Rejected Source-Active Cache To cache rejected sources, use the following command. Active sources can be rejected because the RPF check failed, the SA limit is reached, the peer RP is unreachable, or the SA message has a format error. ● Cache rejected sources.
Figure 88.
Figure 89.
Figure 90. MSDP Default Peer, Scenario 4 Specifying Source-Active Messages To specify messages, use the following command. ● Specify the forwarding-peer and originating-RP from which all active sources are accepted without regard for the RPF check. CONFIGURATION mode ip msdp default-peer ip-address list If you do not specify an access list, the peer accepts all sources that peer advertises. All sources from RPs that the ACL denies are subject to the normal RPF check. DellEMC(conf)#ip msdp peer 10.0.50.
DellEMC#ip msdp sa-cache rejected-sa MSDP Rejected SA Cache 3 rejected SAs received, cache-size 32766 UpTime GroupAddr SourceAddr RPAddr 00:33:18 229.0.50.64 24.0.50.64 200.0.1.50 00:33:18 229.0.50.65 24.0.50.65 200.0.1.50 00:33:18 229.0.50.66 24.0.50.66 200.0.1.50 LearnedFrom 10.0.50.2 10.0.50.2 10.0.50.2 Reason Rpf-Fail Rpf-Fail Rpf-Fail Limiting the Source-Active Messages from a Peer To limit the source-active messages from a peer, use the following commands. 1.
Preventing MSDP from Caching a Remote Source To prevent MSDP from caching a remote source, use the following commands. 1. OPTIONAL: Cache sources that the SA filter denies in the rejected SA cache. CONFIGURATION mode ip msdp cache-rejected-sa 2. Prevent the system from caching remote sources learned from a specific peer based on source and group. CONFIGURATION mode ip msdp sa-filter list out peer list ext-acl As shown in the following example, R1 is advertising source 10.11.4.2.
GroupAddr SourceAddr RPAddr LearnedFrom 239.0.0.1 10.11.4.2 192.168.0.1 local R3(conf)#do show ip msdp sa-cache MSDP Source-Active Cache - 1 entries GroupAddr SourceAddr RPAddr LearnedFrom 239.0.0.1 10.11.4.2 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 Expire 70 UpTime 00:27:20 Expire 1 UpTime 00:10:29 [Router 3] R3(conf)#do show ip msdp sa-cache R3(conf)# To display the configured SA filters for a peer, use the show ip msdp peer command from EXEC Privilege mode.
clear ip msdp peer peer-address R3(conf)#do show ip msdp peer Peer Addr: 192.168.0.1 Local Addr: 192.168.0.3(639) Connect Source: Lo 0 State: Established Up/Down Time: 00:04:26 Timers: KeepAlive 30 sec, Hold time 75 sec SourceActive packet count (in/out): 5/0 SAs learned from this peer: 0 SA Filtering: Input (S,G) filter: myremotefilter Output (S,G) filter: none R3(conf)#do clear ip msdp peer 192.168.0.1 R3(conf)#do show ip msdp peer Peer Addr: 192.168.0.1 Local Addr: 0.0.0.
1. All the RPs serving a given group are configured with an identical anycast address. 2. Sources then register with the topologically closest RP. 3. RPs use MSDP to peer with each other using a unique address. Figure 91. MSDP with Anycast RP Configuring Anycast RP To configure anycast RP, use the following commands. 1. In each routing domain that has multiple RPs serving a group, create a Loopback interface on each RP serving the group with the same IP address. CONFIGURATION mode interface loopback 2.
ip msdp peer 5. Advertise the network of each of the unique Loopback addresses throughout the network. ROUTER OSPF mode network Reducing Source-Active Message Flooding RPs flood source-active messages to all of their peers away from the RP. When multiple RPs exist within a domain, the RPs forward received active source information back to the originating RP, which violates the RFP rule. You can prevent this unnecessary flooding by creating a mesh-group.
ip msdp peer 192.168.0.22 connect-source Loopback 1 ip msdp mesh-group AS100 192.168.0.22 ip msdp originator-id Loopback 1! ip pim rp-address 192.168.0.1 group-address 224.0.0.0/4 The following example shows an R2 configuration for MSDP with Anycast RP. ip multicast-routing ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.4.1/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/11/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.1.
interface Loopback 0 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 192.168.0.3/32 no shutdown ! router ospf 1 network 10.11.6.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.0.3/32 area 0 redistribute static redistribute connected redistribute bgp 200 ! router bgp 200 redistribute ospf 1 neighbor 192.168.0.22 remote-as 100 neighbor 192.168.0.22 ebgp-multihop 255 neighbor 192.168.0.22 update-source Loopback 0 neighbor 192.168.0.22 no shutdown ! ip multicast-msdp ip msdp peer 192.168.0.11 connect-source Loopback 0 ip msdp peer 192.168.0.
MSDP Sample Configuration: R2 Running-Config ip multicast-routing ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.4.1/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/11/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.1.21/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/31/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.0.23/24 no shutdown ! interface Loopback 0 ip address 192.168.0.2/32 no shutdown ! router ospf 1 network 10.11.1.0/24 area 0 network 10.11.4.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.0.
router bgp 200 redistribute ospf 1 neighbor 192.168.0.2 remote-as 100 neighbor 192.168.0.2 ebgp-multihop 255 neighbor 192.168.0.2 update-source Loopback 0 neighbor 192.168.0.2 no shutdown ! ip multicast-msdp ip msdp peer 192.168.0.1 connect-source Loopback 0 ! ip route 192.168.0.2/32 10.11.0.23 MSDP Sample Configuration: R4 Running-Config ip multicast-routing ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.5.1/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/22/1 ip address 10.10.42.
29 Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Dell Networking OS Supports Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol. Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is a Layer 3 protocol that IPv6 routers use to learn of the multicast receivers that are directly connected to them and the groups in which the receivers are interested. Multicast routing protocols (like PIM) use the information learned from MLD to route multicast traffic to all interested receivers.
Joining a Multicast Group The Querier periodically sends a General Query to the all-nodes multicast address FF02::1. A host that wants to join a multicast group responds to the general query with a report that contains the group address; the report is also addressed to the group (in the IPv6 Destination Address field). To avoid duplicate reporting, any host that hears a report from another host for the same group in which it itself is interested cancels its report for that group.
| | * * | | +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [2] * | | * * | | +. -+ . . . . . . +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [N] * | | * * | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Version 2 multicast listener reports are sent by IP nodes to report (to neighboring routers) the current multicast listening state, or changes in the multicast listening state, of their interfaces.
| | * Source Address [1] * | | * * | | +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [2] * | | * * | | +-+ . . . . . . . . . +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [N] * | | * * | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | . . . Auxiliary Data . . .
To adjust the query response time, use the following command: INTERFACE Mode ipv6 mld query-max-resp-time Configuring MLD Version To configure MLD version on the system, follow this procedure: Select the MLD version INTERFACE Mode ipv6 mld version {1 | 2} If you do not configure the MLD version, the system defaults to version 2. The ipv6 mld version command is applicable for MLD snooping-enabled interfaces.
INTERFACE Mode ipv6 mld last-member-query-interval Displaying MLD groups table Display MLD groups. Group information can be filtered. To display MLD groups, use the following command: EXEC Privilege show ipv6 mld groups Dell#show ipv6 mld groups Total Number of Groups: 1 MLD Connected Group Membership Group Address Interface Mode Ff08::12 Vlan 10 MLDv2 Uptime 00:00:12 Expires 00:02:05 Last Reporter 1::2 Displaying MLD Interfaces Display MLD interfaces.
30 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) Multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) — specified in IEEE 802.1Q-2003 — is a rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP)-based spanning tree variation that improves per-VLAN spanning tree plus (PVST+). MSTP allows multiple spanning tree instances and allows you to map many VLANs to one spanning tree instance to reduce the total number of required instances. Protocol Overview MSTP — specified in IEEE 802.
• • • • • • • Modifying Global Parameters Modifying the Interface Parameters Setting STP path cost as constant Configuring an EdgePort Flush MAC Addresses after a Topology Change MSTP Sample Configurations Debugging and Verifying MSTP Configurations Spanning Tree Variations The Dell EMC Networking OS supports four variations of spanning tree, as shown in the following table. Table 63. Spanning Tree Variations Dell EMC Networking Term IEEE Specification Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 802 .
● Enabling SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes ● Configuring Spanning Trees as Hitless Enable Multiple Spanning Tree Globally MSTP is not enabled by default. To enable MSTP globally, use the following commands. When you enable MSTP, all physical, VLAN, and port-channel interfaces that are enabled and in Layer 2 mode are automatically part of the MSTI 0. ● Within an MSTI, only one path from any bridge to any other bridge is enabled.
MSTI 1 VLAN 100 MSTI 2 VLAN 200-300 All bridges in the MSTP region must have the same VLAN-to-instance mapping. To view which instance a VLAN is mapped to, use the show spanning-tree mst vlan command from EXEC Privilege mode.
Designated port id is 128.384, designated path cost 20000 Number of transitions to forwarding state 1 BPDU (MRecords): sent 39291, received 7547 The port is not in the Edge port mode Influencing MSTP Root Selection MSTP determines the root bridge, but you can assign one bridge a lower priority to increase the probability that it becomes the root bridge. To change the bridge priority, use the following command. ● Assign a number as the bridge priority.
PROTOCOL MSTP mode revision number To view the current region name and revision, use the show spanning-tree mst configuration command from EXEC Privilege mode. DellEMC(conf-mstp)#name my-mstp-region DellEMC(conf-mstp)#exit DellEMC(conf)#do show spanning-tree mst config MST region name: my-mstp-region Revision: 0 MSTI VID 1 100 2 200-300 Modifying Global Parameters The root bridge sets the values for forward-delay, hello-time, max-age, and max-hops and overwrites the values set on other MSTP bridges.
To view the current values for MSTP parameters, use the show running-config spanning-tree mstp command from EXEC privilege mode.
The range is from 0 to 240, in increments of 16. The default is 128. To view the current values for these interface parameters, use the show config command from INTERFACE mode. Setting STP path cost as constant You can set the path cost to be constant for port-channel regardless of the operation status of the port-channel member ports. To set the STP path cost, use the port-channel path-cost custom command from the PROTOCOL SPANNING-TREE mode.
switchport spanning-tree mstp edge-port spanning-tree MSTI 1 priority 144 no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# Flush MAC Addresses after a Topology Change Dell EMC Networking OS has an optimized MAC address flush mechanism for RSTP, MSTP, and PVST+ that flushes addresses only when necessary, which allows for faster convergence during topology changes. However, you may activate the flushing mechanism defined by 802.
(Step 2) interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/31/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! (Step 3) interface Vlan 100 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1,31/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 200 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/21,31/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 300 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/21,31/1 no shutdown Router 2 Running-Configuration This example uses the following steps: 1.
tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/3/1,1/1/4/1 no shutdown (Step 1) protocol spanning-tree mstp no disable name Tahiti revision 123 MSTI 1 VLAN 100 MSTI 2 VLAN 200,300 ! (Step 2) interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/11/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/31/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! (Step 3) interface Vlan 100 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 2/11/1,31/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 200 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 2/11/1,31/1 no shutdown ! interface
no shutdown ! interface Vlan 200 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/5/1,1/1/5/2 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 300 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/5/1,1/1/5/2 no shutdown (Step 1) protocol spanning-tree mstp no disable name Tahiti revision 123 MSTI 1 VLAN 100 MSTI 2 VLAN 200,300 ! (Step 2) interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/11/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/21/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! (Step 3) interface Vlan 100 no ip address tagged Ten
switchport protected 0 exit interface 1/0/32 no shutdown spanning-tree port mode enable switchport protected 0 exit (Step 3) interface vlan 100 tagged 1/0/31 tagged 1/0/32 exit interface vlan 200 tagged 1/0/31 tagged 1/0/32 exit interface vlan 300 tagged 1/0/31 tagged 1/0/32 exit Debugging and Verifying MSTP Configurations To debut and verify MSTP configuration, use the following commands. ● Display BPDUs. EXEC Privilege mode debug spanning-tree mstp bpdu ● Display MSTP-triggered topology change messages.
revision 123 MSTI 1 VLAN 100 MSTI 2 VLAN 200,300 The following example shows viewing the debug log of a successful MSTP configuration. DellEMC#debug spanning-tree mstp bpdu MSTP debug bpdu is ON DellEMC# 4w0d4h : MSTP: Sending BPDU on Te 2/21/1 : ProtId: 0, Ver: 3, Bpdu Type: MSTP, Flags 0x6e CIST Root Bridge Id: 32768:0001.e806.953e, Ext Path Cost: 0 Regional Bridge Id: 32768:0001.e806.
31 Multicast Features NOTE: Multicast routing is supported on secondary IP addresses; it is not supported on IPv6. NOTE: Multicast routing is supported across default and non-default virtual routing and forwarding (VRFs).
Protocol Ethernet Address RIP 01:00:5e:00:00:09 NTP 01:00:5e:00:01:01 VRRP 01:00:5e:00:00:12 PIM-SM 01:00:5e:00:00:0d ● ● ● ● The Dell EMC Networking OS implementation of MTRACE is in accordance with IETF draft draft-fenner-traceroute-ipm. Multicast is not supported on secondary IP addresses. If you enable multicast routing, egress Layer 3 ACL is not applied to multicast data traffic. Multicast traffic can be forwarded to a maximum of 15 VLANs with the same outgoing interface.
● Limit the total number of multicast routes on the system. CONFIGURATION mode ip multicast-limit The range is from 1 to 16000. The default is 4000. NOTE: The IN-L3-McastFib CAM partition stores multicast routes and is a separate hardware limit that exists per port-pipe. Any software-configured limit may supersede this hardware space limitation. The opposite is also true, the CAM partition might not be exhausted at the time the system-wide route limit is reached using the ip multicast-limit command.
Figure 94. Preventing a Host from Joining a Group The following table lists the location and description shown in the previous illustration. Table 65. Preventing a Host from Joining a Group — Description Location Description 1/21/1 ● ● ● ● Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.1/24 no shutdown 1/31/1 ● ● ● ● Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.13.
Table 65. Preventing a Host from Joining a Group — Description (continued) Location Description 2/11/1 ● ● ● ● Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.2/24 no shutdown 2/31/1 ● ● ● ● Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.23.1/24 no shutdown 3/1/1 ● ● ● ● Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.5.1/24 no shutdown 3/11/1 ● ● ● ● Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.
multicast traffic flows only from the RP to the receivers. Once a receiver receives traffic from the RP, PM-SM switches to SPT to forward multicast traffic, which connects the receiver directly to the source. You can configure PIM to switch over to the SPT when the router receives multicast packets at or beyond a specified rate. Table 66.
Figure 95. Preventing a Source from Transmitting to a Group The following table lists the location and description shown in the previous illustration. Table 67. Preventing a Source from Transmitting to a Group — Description Location Description 1/21/1 ● ● ● ● Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.1/24 no shutdown 1/31/1 ● ● ● ● Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/31/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.13.
Table 67. Preventing a Source from Transmitting to a Group — Description (continued) Location Description 2/11/1 ● ● ● ● Interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/11/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.2/24 no shutdown 2/31/1 ● ● ● ● Interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/31 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.23.1/24 no shutdown 3/1/1 ● ● ● ● Interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.5.
Understanding Multicast Traceroute (mtrace) Multicast Traceroute (mtrace) is a multicast diagnostic facility used for tracing multicast paths. Mtrace enables you to trace the path that a multicast packet takes from its source to the destination. When you initiate mtrace from a source to a destination, an mtrace Query packet with IGMP type 0x1F is sent to the last-hop multicast router for the given destination. The mtrace query packet is forwarded hop-by-hop untill it reaches the last-hop router.
● MTRACE Transit — when a Dell EMC Networking system is an intermediate router between the source and destination in an MTRACE query, Dell EMC Networking OS computes the RPF neighbor for the source, fills in the request, and forwards the request to the RPF neighbor. When a Dell EMC Networking system is the last hop to the destination, Dell EMC Networking OS sends a response to the query. To print the network path, use the following command.
Table 68. mtrace Command Output — Explained (continued) Command Output Description From source (?) to destination (?) In case the provided source or destination IP can be resolved to a hostname the corresponding name will be displayed. In cases where the IP cannot be resolved, it is displayed as (?) 0 1.1.1.1 --> Destination The first row in the table corresponds to the destination provided by the user. -1 1.1.1.1 PIM Reached RP/Core 103.103.103.
Table 69. Supported Error Codes (continued) Error Code Error Name Description 0x81 NO_SPACE There is not enough room to insert another response data block in the packet. mtrace Scenarios This section describes various scenarios that may result when an mtrace command is issued. The following table describes various scenarios when the mtrace command is issued: Table 70.
Table 70. Mtrace Scenarios (continued) Scenario You invoke a weak mtrace request by specifying only the source without specifying the mulicast tree or multicast group information for the source. Mtrace traces a path towards the source by using the RPF neighbor at each node. Output R1>mtrace 103.103.103.3 Type Ctrl-C to abort. Querying reverse path for source 103.103.103.
Table 70. Mtrace Scenarios (continued) Scenario When you issue the mtrace command with the source and multicast group information, if a multicast route is not present on a particular node, then the NO ROUTE error code is displayed on the node. In this scenario, the Source Network/Mask column for that particular node displays the the value as default.
Table 70. Mtrace Scenarios (continued) Scenario Output ----------------------------------------------------------------- If the destination provided in the command is not a valid receiver for the multicast group, the last hop router for the destination provides the WRONG LAST HOP error code. If the last-hop router contains a path to the source, the path is traced irrespective of the incorrect destination.
Table 70. Mtrace Scenarios (continued) Scenario Output 0 1.1.1.1 --> Destination -1 * * * * ----------------------------------------------------------------Timed out receiving responses Perhaps no local router has a route for source, the receiver is not a member of the multicast group or the multicast ttl is too low. While traversing the path from source to destination, if the mtrace packet exhausts the maximum buffer size of the packet, then NO SPACE error is displayed in the output.
Table 70. Mtrace Scenarios (continued) Scenario Output Querying reverse path for source 6.6.6.6 to destination 4.4.4.5 via RPF From source (?) to destination (?) ---------------------------------------------------------------|Hop| OIF IP |Proto| Forwarding Code |Source Network/Mask| ---------------------------------------------------------------0 4.4.4.5 --> Destination -1 4.4.4.4 PIM 6.6.6.0/24 -2 20.20.20.2 PIM 6.6.6.0/24 -3 10.10.10.1 PIM RPF Interface 6.6.6.
32 Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Dell Networking OS Supports Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol. Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is a Layer 3 protocol that IPv6 routers use to learn of the multicast receivers that are directly connected to them and the groups in which the receivers are interested. Multicast routing protocols (like PIM) use the information learned from MLD to route multicast traffic to all interested receivers.
Joining a Multicast Group The Querier periodically sends a General Query to the all-nodes multicast address FF02::1. A host that wants to join a multicast group responds to the general query with a report that contains the group address; the report is also addressed to the group (in the IPv6 Destination Address field). To avoid duplicate reporting, any host that hears a report from another host for the same group in which it itself is interested cancels its report for that group.
| | * * | | +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [2] * | | * * | | +. -+ . . . . . . +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [N] * | | * * | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Version 2 multicast listener reports are sent by IP nodes to report (to neighboring routers) the current multicast listening state, or changes in the multicast listening state, of their interfaces.
| | * Source Address [1] * | | * * | | +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [2] * | | * * | | +-+ . . . . . . . . . +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [N] * | | * * | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | . . . Auxiliary Data . . .
To adjust the query response time, use the following command: INTERFACE Mode ipv6 mld query-max-resp-time Clearing MLD groups Clear a specific group or all groups on an interface from the multicast routing table. To clear MLD groups, use the following command: EXEC Privilege clear ipv6 mld groups Debugging MLD Display Dell Networking OS messages about the MLD process.
show ipv6 mld groups Dell#show ipv6 mld groups Total Number of Groups: 1 MLD Connected Group Membership Group Address Interface Mode Ff08::12 Vlan 10 MLDv2 Uptime 00:00:12 Expires 00:02:05 Last Reporter 1::2 Displaying MLD Interfaces Display MLD interfaces.
NOTE: Under the default configuration, there is no need to configure ipv6 mld snooping for any VLAN. Configure the switch as a querier Hosts that do not support unsolicited reporting wait for a general query before sending a membership report. When the multicast source and receivers are in the same VLAN, multicast traffic is not routed, and so there is no querier.
33 Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Dell Networking OS Supports Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol. Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is a Layer 3 protocol that IPv6 routers use to learn of the multicast receivers that are directly connected to them and the groups in which the receivers are interested. Multicast routing protocols (like PIM) use the information learned from MLD to route multicast traffic to all interested receivers.
Joining a Multicast Group The Querier periodically sends a General Query to the all-nodes multicast address FF02::1. A host that wants to join a multicast group responds to the general query with a report that contains the group address; the report is also addressed to the group (in the IPv6 Destination Address field). To avoid duplicate reporting, any host that hears a report from another host for the same group in which it itself is interested cancels its report for that group.
| | * * | | +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [2] * | | * * | | +. -+ . . . . . . +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [N] * | | * * | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Version 2 multicast listener reports are sent by IP nodes to report (to neighboring routers) the current multicast listening state, or changes in the multicast listening state, of their interfaces.
| | * Source Address [1] * | | * * | | +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [2] * | | * * | | +-+ . . . . . . . . . +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [N] * | | * * | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | . . . Auxiliary Data . . .
To adjust the query response time, use the following command: INTERFACE Mode ipv6 mld query-max-resp-time Clearing MLD groups Clear a specific group or all groups on an interface from the multicast routing table. To clear MLD groups, use the following command: EXEC Privilege clear ipv6 mld groups Debugging MLD Display Dell Networking OS messages about the MLD process.
show ipv6 mld groups Dell#show ipv6 mld groups Total Number of Groups: 1 MLD Connected Group Membership Group Address Interface Mode Ff08::12 Vlan 10 MLDv2 Uptime 00:00:12 Expires 00:02:05 Last Reporter 1::2 Displaying MLD Interfaces Display MLD interfaces.
NOTE: Under the default configuration, there is no need to configure ipv6 mld snooping for any VLAN. Configure the switch as a querier Hosts that do not support unsolicited reporting wait for a general query before sending a membership report. When the multicast source and receivers are in the same VLAN, multicast traffic is not routed, and so there is no querier.
34 Object Tracking IPv4 or IPv6 object tracking is available on Dell EMC Networking OS. Object tracking allows the Dell EMC Networking OS client processes, such as virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP), to monitor tracked objects (for example, interface or link status) and take appropriate action when the state of an object changes. NOTE: In Dell EMC Networking OS release version 8.4.1.0, object tracking is supported only on VRRP.
Figure 96. Object Tracking Example When you configure a tracked object, such as an IPv4/IPv6 a route or interface, you specify an object number to identify the object. Optionally, you can also specify: ● UP and DOWN thresholds used to report changes in a route metric. ● A time delay before changes in a tracked object’s state are reported to a client. Track Layer 2 Interfaces You can create an object to track the line-protocol state of a Layer 2 interface.
A tracked route matches a route in the routing table only if the exact address and prefix length match an entry in the routing table. For example, when configured as a tracked route, 10.0.0.0/24 does not match the routing table entry 10.0.0.0/8. If no route-table entry has the exact address and prefix length, the tracked route is considered to be DOWN.
VRRP Object Tracking As a client, VRRP can track up to 20 objects (including route entries, and Layer 2 and Layer 3 interfaces) in addition to the 12 tracked interfaces supported for each VRRP group. You can assign a unique priority-cost value from 1 to 254 to each tracked VRRP object or group interface. The priority cost is subtracted from the VRRP group priority if a tracked VRRP object is in a DOWN state.
show track object-id DellEMC(conf)#track 100 interface tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 line-protocol DellEMC(conf-track-100)#delay up 20 DellEMC(conf-track-100)#description San Jose data center DellEMC(conf-track-100)#end DellEMC#show track 100 Track 100 Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 line-protocol Description: San Jose data center Tracking a Layer 3 Interface You can create an object that tracks the routing status of an IPv4 or IPv6 Layer 3 interface.
DellEMC(conf-track-101)#description NYC metro DellEMC(conf-track-101)#end DellEMC#show track 101 Track 101 Interface TenGigabitEthernet 7/2/1 ip routing Description: NYC metro The following is an example of configuring object tracking for an IPv6 interface: DellEMC(conf)#track 103 interface tengigabitethernet 1/11/1 ipv6 routing DellEMC(conf-track-103)#description Austin access point DellEMC(conf-track-103)#end DellEMC#show track 103 Track 103 Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/11/1 ipv6 routing Description: Au
○ The resolution value used to map RIP routes is not configurable. The RIP hop-count is automatically multiplied by 16 to scale it. For example, a RIP metric of 16 (unreachable) scales to 256, which considers a route to be DOWN. Tracking Route Reachability Use the following commands to configure object tracking on the reachability of an IPv4 or IPv6 route. To remove object tracking, use the no track object-id command. 1. Configure object tracking on the reachability of an IPv4 or IPv6 route.
Reachability is Down (route not in route table) 2 changes, last change 00:03:03 Configuring track reachability refresh interval If there is no entry in ARP table or if the next-hop address in the ARP cache ages out for a route tracked for its reachability, an attempt is made to check if the next-hop address is reachable after a certain refresh interval to see if the next-hop address appear in the ARP cache before considering it as DOWN.
4. (Optional) Identify the tracked object with a text description. OBJECT TRACKING mode description text The text string can be up to 80 characters. 5. (Optional) Configure the metric threshold for the UP and/or DOWN routing status to be tracked for the specified route. OBJECT TRACKING mode threshold metric {[up number] [down number]} The default UP threshold is 254. The routing state is UP if the scaled route metric is less than or equal to the UP threshold. The defult DOWN threshold is 255.
Track 2 IPv6 route 2040::/64 metric threshold Metric threshold is Up (STATIC/0/0) 5 changes, last change 00:02:16 Metric threshold down 255 up 254 First-hop interface is TenGigabitEthernet 1/2/1 Tracked by: VRRP TenGigabitEthernet 2/30/1 IPv6 VRID 1 Track 3 IPv6 route 2050::/64 reachability Reachability is Up (STATIC) 5 changes, last change 00:02:16 First-hop interface is TenGigabitEthernet 1/2/1 Tracked by: VRRP TenGigabitEthernet 2/30/1 IPv6 VRID 1 Track 4 Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/4/1 ip routing IP
35 Open Shortest Path First (OSPFv2 and OSPFv3) Open shortest path first (OSPFv2 for IPv4) and OSPF version 3 (OSPF for IPv6) are supported on Dell EMC Networking OS. This chapter provides a general description of OSPFv2 (OSPF for IPv4) and OSPFv3 (OSPF for IPv6) as supported in the Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS). NOTE: The fundamental mechanisms of OSPF (flooding, DR election, area support, SPF calculations, and so on) are the same between OSPFv2 and OSPFv3.
Figure 97. Autonomous System Areas Area Types The backbone of the network is Area 0. It is also called Area 0.0.0.0 and is the core of any AS. All other areas must connect to Area 0. An OSPF backbone is responsible for distributing routing information between areas. It consists of all area border routers, networks not wholly contained in any area, and their attached routers. NOTE: If you configure two non-backbone areas, then you must enable the B bit in OSPF.
Networks and Neighbors As a link-state protocol, OSPF sends routing information to other OSPF routers concerning the state of the links between them. The state (up or down) of those links is important. Routers that share a link become neighbors on that segment. OSPF uses the Hello protocol as a neighbor discovery and keep alive mechanism. After two routers are neighbors, they may proceed to exchange and synchronize their databases, which creates an adjacency.
Backbone Router (BR) A backbone router (BR) is part of the OSPF Backbone, Area 0. This includes all ABRs. It can also include any routers that connect only to the backbone and another ABR, but are only part of Area 0, such as Router I in the previous example. Area Border Router (ABR) Within an AS, an area border router (ABR) connects one or more areas to the backbone. The ABR keeps a copy of the link-state database for every area it connects to, so it may keep multiple copies of the link state database.
● Type 3: Summary LSA (OSPFv2), Inter-Area-Prefix LSA (OSPFv3) — An ABR takes information it has learned on one of its attached areas and can summarize it before sending it out on other areas it is connected to. The link-state ID of the Type 3 LSA is the destination network number. ● Type 4: AS Border Router Summary LSA (OSPFv2), Inter-Area-Router LSA (OSPFv3) — In some cases, Type 5 External LSAs are flooded to areas where the detailed next-hop information may not be available.
Figure 99. Priority and Cost Examples OSPF with Dell EMC Networking OS The Dell EMC Networking OS supports up to 128,000 OSPF routes for OSPFv2. Dell EMC Networking OS version 9.4(0.0) and later support only one OSPFv2 process per VRF. Dell EMC Networking OS version 9.7(0.0) and later support OSPFv3 in VRF. Also, on OSPFv3, Dell EMC Networking OS supports only one OSPFv3 process per VRF. OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 can co-exist but you must configure them individually.
does not necessarily have to interrupt the forwarding of data packets. This behavior is supported because the forwarding tables previously computed by an active RPM have been downloaded into the forwarding information base (FIB) on the line cards (the data plane) and are still resident.
Multi-Process OSPFv2 with VRF Multi-process OSPF with VRF is supported on the Dell EMC Networking OS. Only one OSPFv2 process per VRF is supported. Multi-process OSPF allows multiple OSPFv2 processes on a single router. Multiple OSPFv2 processes allow for isolating routing domains, supporting multiple route policies and priorities in different domains, and creating smaller domains for easier management. The system supports up to 16 OSPFv2 processes.
RFC 2328 is supported by default on Dell EMC Networking OS and it is indicated in the show ip ospf command output. DellEMC#show ip ospf Routing Process ospf 1 with ID 2.2.2.
Configuration Information The interfaces must be in Layer 3 mode (assigned an IP address) and enabled so that they can send and receive traffic. The OSPF process must know about these interfaces. To make the OSPF process aware of these interfaces, they must be assigned to OSPF areas. You must configure OSPF GLOBALLY on the system in CONFIGURATION mode. NOTE: Loop back routes are not installed in the Route Table Manager (RTM) as non-active routes.
Enabling OSPFv2 To enable Layer 3 routing, assign an IP address to an interface (physical or Loopback). By default, OSPF, similar to all routing protocols, is disabled. You must configure at least one interface for Layer 3 before enabling OSPFv2 globally. If implementing multi-process OSPF, create an equal number of Layer 3 enabled interfaces and OSPF process IDs. For example, if you create four OSPFv2 process IDs, you must have four interfaces with Layer 3 enabled. 1. Assign an IP address to an interface.
SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs Number of area in this router is 0, normal 0 stub 0 nssa 0 DellEMC# Assigning an OSPFv2 Area After you enable OSPFv2, assign the interface to an OSPF area. Set up OSPF areas and enable OSPFv2 on an interface with the network command. You must have at least one AS area: Area 0. This is the backbone area. If your OSPF network contains more than one area, configure a backbone area (Area ID 0.0.0.0).
Example of Viewing Active Interfaces and Assigned Areas DellEMC>show ip ospf 1 interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/17/1 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 10.2.2.1/24, Area 0.0.0.0 Process ID 1, Router ID 11.1.2.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 11.1.2.1, Interface address 10.2.2.1 Backup Designated Router (ID) 0.0.0.0, Interface address 0.0.0.
3. Enter ROUTER OSPF mode. CONFIGURATION mode router ospf process-id [vrf] Process ID is the ID assigned when configuring OSPFv2 globally. 4. Configure the area as a stub area. CONFIG-ROUTER-OSPF-id mode area area-id stub [no-summary] Use the keywords no-summary to prevent transmission into the area of summary ASBR LSAs. Area ID is the number or IP address assigned when creating the area.
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0 TenGigabitEthernet 2/1/1 is up, line protocol is down Internet Address 10.1.3.100/24, Area 2.2.2.2 Process ID 34, Router ID 10.1.2.100, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 10.1.2.100, Interface address 10.1.3.100 Backup Designated Router (ID) 0.0.0.0, Interface address 0.0.0.
Number of area in this router is 0, normal 0 stub 0 nssa 0 DellEMC# Changing OSPFv2 Parameters on Interfaces In Dell EMC Networking OS, you can modify the OSPF settings on the interfaces. Some interface parameter values must be consistent across all interfaces to avoid routing errors. For example, set the same time interval for the hello packets on all routers in the OSPF network to prevent misconfiguration of OSPF neighbors.
To view interface configurations, use the show config command in CONFIGURATION INTERFACE mode. To view interface status in the OSPF process, use the show ip ospf interface command in EXEC mode. The bold lines in the example show the change on the interface. The change is reflected in the OSPF configuration. DellEMC(conf-if)#ip ospf cost 45 DellEMC(conf-if)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 ip address 10.1.2.100 255.255.255.
1. Enable OSPFv2 graceful-restart globally and set the grace period. CONFIG-ROUTEROSPF- id mode graceful-restart grace-period seconds The seconds range is from 40 and 3000. This setting is the time that an OSPFv2 router’s neighbors advertises it as fully adjacent, regardless of the synchronization state, during a graceful restart. OSPFv2 terminates this process when the grace period ends. 2. Enter the Router ID of the OSPFv2 helper router from which the router does not accept graceful restart assistance.
● Create a prefix list with a sequence number and a deny or permit action. CONFIG- PREFIX LIST mode seq sequence-number {deny |permit} ip-prefix [ge min-prefix-length] [le max-prefixlength] The optional parameters are: ○ ge min-prefix-length: is the minimum prefix length to match (from 0 to 32). ○ le max-prefix-length: is the maximum prefix length to match (from 0 to 32). For configuration information about prefix lists, refer to Access Control Lists (ACLs).
● ● ● ● ● ● ● Have you enabled OSPF globally? Is the OSPF process active on the interface? Are adjacencies established correctly? Are the interfaces configured for Layer 3 correctly? Is the router in the correct area type? Have the routes been included in the OSPF database? Have the OSPF routes been included in the routing table (not just the OSPF database)? Some useful troubleshooting commands are: ● show interfaces ● show protocols ● debug IP OSPF events and/or packets ● show neighbors ● show routes To
Sample Configurations for OSPFv2 The following configurations are examples for enabling OSPFv2. These examples are not comprehensive directions. They are intended to give you some guidance with typical configurations. You can copy and paste from these examples to your CLI. To support your own IP addresses, interfaces, names, and so on, be sure that you make the necessary changes. Basic OSPFv2 Router Topology The following illustration is a sample basic OSPFv2 topology. Figure 100.
no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 ip address 10.1.13.3/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/2/1 ip address 10.2.13.3/24 no shutdown OSPF Area 0 — Te 2/1/1 and 2/2/1 router ospf 22222 network 192.168.100.0/24 area 0 network 10.2.21.0/24 area 0 network 10.2.22.0/24 area 0 ! interface Loopback 20 ip address 192.168.100.20/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1/1 ip address 10.2.21.2/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/2/1 ip address 10.2.22.
The interfaces must be in IPv6 Layer-3 mode (assigned an IPv6 IP address) and enabled so that they can send and receive traffic. The OSPF process must know about these interfaces. To make the OSPF process aware of these interfaces, assign them to OSPF areas. The OSPFv3 ipv6 ospf area command enables OSPFv3 on the interface and places the interface in an area.
Assigning IPv6 Addresses on an Interface To assign IPv6 addresses to an interface, use the following commands. 1. Assign an IPv6 address to the interface. CONF-INT-type slot/port mode ipv6 address ipv6 address IPv6 addresses are normally written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits; separate each group by a colon (:). The format is A:B:C::F/128. 2. Bring up the interface.
Assigning OSPFv3 Process ID and Router ID to a VRF To assign, disable, or reset OSPFv3 on a non-default VRF, use the following commands. ● Enable the OSPFv3 process on a non-default VRF and enter OSPFv3 mode. CONFIGURATION mode ipv6 router ospf {process ID}} The process ID range is from 0 to 65535. ● Assign the router ID for this OSPFv3 process. CONF-IPV6-ROUTER-OSPF mode router-id {number} ○ number: the IPv4 address. The format is A.B.C.D.
Redistributing Routes You can add routes from other routing instances or protocols to the OSPFv3 process. With the redistribute command, you can include RIP, static, or directly connected routes in the OSPF process. Route redistribution is also supported between OSPF Routing process IDs. To add redistributing routes, use the following command. ● Specify which routes are redistributed into the OSPF process.
● Enable OSPFv3 graceful restart globally by setting the grace period (in seconds). CONF-IPV6-ROUTER-OSPF mode graceful-restart grace-period seconds The valid values are from 40 to 1800 seconds. ● Configure an OSPFv3 interface to not act on the Grace LSAs that it receives from a restarting OSPFv3 neighbor. INTERFACE mode ipv6 ospf graceful-restart helper-reject ● Specify the operating mode and type of events that trigger a graceful restart.
Type Count/Status Oper Status 1 Admin Status 1 Area Bdr Rtr Status 0 AS Bdr Rtr Status 1 AS Scope LSA Count 0 AS Scope LSA Cksum sum 0 Originate New LSAS 73 Rx New LSAS 114085 Ext LSA Count 0 Rte Max Eq Cost Paths 5 GR grace-period 180 GR mode planned and unplanned Area 0 database summary Type Brd Rtr Count AS Bdr Rtr Count LSA count Summary LSAs Rtr LSA Count Net LSA Count Inter Area Pfx LSA Count Inter Area Rtr LSA Count Group Mem LSA Count Count/Status 2 2 12010 1 4 3 12000 0 0 The following example sh
of security services for both IPv4 and IPv6. Insert the ESP header after the IP header and before the next layer protocol header in Transport mode. It is possible to insert the ESP header between the next layer protocol header and encapsulated IP header in Tunnel mode. However, Tunnel mode is not supported in Dell EMC Networking OS. For detailed information about the IP ESP protocol, refer to RFC 4303.
The SPI value must be unique to one IPsec security policy (authentication or encryption) on the router. Configure the same authentication policy (the same SPI and key) on each OSPFv3 interface in a link. ● Enable IPsec authentication for OSPFv3 packets on an IPv6-based interface. INTERFACE mode ipv6 ospf authentication {null | ipsec spi number {MD5 | SHA1} [key-encryption-type] key} ○ ○ ○ ○ null: causes an authentication policy configured for the area to not be inherited on the interface.
● Remove an IPsec encryption policy from an interface. no ipv6 ospf encryption ipsec spi number ● Remove null encryption on an interface to allow the interface to inherit the encryption policy configured for the OSPFv3 area. no ipv6 ospf encryption null ● Display the configuration of IPsec encryption policies on the router. show crypto ipsec policy ● Display the security associations set up for OSPFv3 interfaces in encryption policies.
The configuration of IPsec encryption on an interface-level takes precedence over an area-level configuration. If you remove an interface configuration, an area encryption policy that has been configured is applied to the interface. ● Enable IPsec encryption for OSPFv3 packets in an area.
Outbound ESP SPI Inbound ESP Auth Key Outbound ESP Auth Key Inbound ESP Cipher Key Outbound ESP Cipher Key Transform set : : : : : : 502 (0x1F6) 123456789a123456789b123456789c12 123456789a123456789b123456789c12 123456789a123456789b123456789c123456789d12345678 123456789a123456789b123456789c123456789d12345678 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac Crypto IPSec client security policy data Policy name Policy refcount Inbound AH SPI Outbound AH SPI Inbound AH Key Outbound AH Key Transform set : : : : : : : OSPFv3-1-500 2 50
STATUS : ACTIVE outbound esp sas spi : 600 (0x258) transform : esp-des esp-sha1-hmac in use settings : {Transport, } replay detection support : N STATUS : ACTIVE Troubleshooting OSPFv3 The system provides several tools to troubleshoot OSPFv3 operation on the switch. This section describes typical, OSPFv3 troubleshooting scenarios. NOTE: The following troubleshooting section is meant to be a comprehensive list, but only to provide some examples of typical troubleshooting checks.
MIB Support for OSPFv3 SNMPv3 context name support implements MIB views on multiple OSPV3 instances. Table 71. MIB Objects for OSPFv3 MIB Object OID Description ospfv3GeneralGroup 1.3.6.1.2.1.191.1.1 Contains a 32-bit unsigned integer uniquely identifying the router in the autonomous system. ospfv3AreaEntry 1.3.6.1.2.1.191.1.2.1 Contains information describing the parameter configuration and cumulative statistics of the router’s attached areas. ospfv3AsLsdbEntry 1.3.6.1.2.1.191.1.3.
36 Policy-based Routing (PBR) Policy-based routing (PBR) allows a switch to make routing decisions based on policies applied to an interface. Topics: • • • • Overview Implementing PBR Configuration Task List for Policy-based Routing Sample Configuration Overview When a router receives a packet, the router decides where to forward the packet based on the destination address in the packet, which is used to look up an entry in a routing table.
● ● ● ● Destination IP address and mask Source port Destination port TCP Flags After you apply a redirect-list to an interface, all traffic passing through it is subjected to the rules defined in the redirect-list. Traffic is forwarded based on the following: ● ● ● ● Next-hop addresses are verified. If the specified next hop is reachable, traffic is forwarded to the specified next-hop. If the specified next-hops are not reachable, the normal routing table is used to forward the traffic.
PBR Exceptions (Permit) To create an exception to a redirect list, use thepermit command. Exceptions are used when a forwarding decision should be based on the routing table rather than a routing policy. The Dell EMC Networking OS assigns the first available sequence number to a rule configured without a sequence number and inserts the rule into the PBR CAM region next to the existing entries. Because the order of rules is important, ensure that you configure any necessary sequence numbers.
● ● ● ● source ip-address or any or host ip-address is the Source’s IP address FORMAT: A.B.C.D/NN, or ANY or HOST IP address destination ip-address or any or host ip-address is the Destination’s IP address FORMAT: A.B.C.D/NN, or ANY or HOST IP address To delete a rule, use the no redirect command.
multiple seq redirect commands with the same source and destination address and specify a different next-hop IP address. In this way, the recursive routes are used as different forwarding routes for dynamic failover. If the primary path goes down and the recursive route is removed from the routing table, the seq redirect command is ignored and the next command in the list with a different route is used.
EXEC mode show ip redirect-list redirect-list-name 2. View the redirect list entries programmed in the CAM. EXEC mode show cam pbr show cam-usage List the redirect list configuration using the show ip redirect-list redirect-list-name command. The noncontiguous mask displays in dotted format (x.x.x.x). The contiguous mask displays in /x format. DellEMC#show ip redirect-list explicit_tunnel IP redirect-list explicit_tunnel: Defined as: seq 5 redirect tunnel 1 track 1 tcp 155.55.2.0/24 222.22.2.
06081 0 N/A TCP 0x10 00:00:00:00:00:09 8/1 0 40 234.234.234.234 255.234.234.234 222.222.222.222/24 Sample Configuration You can use the following example configuration to set up a PBR. These are not comprehensive directions but are intended to give you a guidance with typical configurations. You can copy and paste from these examples to your CLI. Make the necessary changes to support your own IP addresses, interfaces, names, and so on.
seq 10 redirect 10.99.99.254 ip 192.168.2.0/24 any seq 15 permit ip any any Assign Redirect-List GOLD to Interface 2/11 EDGE_ROUTER(conf)#int Te 2/11/1 EDGE_ROUTER(conf-if-Te-2/11/1)#ip add 192.168.3.
3 4 IP Host reachability IP Host reachability 42.1.1.2/32 43.1.1.2/32 Up Up 00:00:59 00:00:59 Apply the Redirect Rule to an Interface: DellEMC# DellEMC(conf)#int TenGigabitEthernet 2/28 DellEMC(conf-if-te-2/28)#ip redirect-group redirect_list_with_track DellEMC(conf-if-te-2/28)#end Verify the Applied Redirect Rules: DellEMC#show ip redirect-list redirect_list_with_track IP redirect-list redirect_list_with_track Defined as: seq 5 redirect 42.1.1.2 track 3 tcp 155.55.2.0/24 222.22.2.
2 Interface ipv6 routing DellEMC# Tunnel 2 Up 00:00:00 Create a Redirect-list with Track Objects pertaining to Tunnel Interfaces: DellEMC#configure terminal DellEMC(conf)#ip redirect-list explicit_tunnel DellEMC(conf-redirect-list)#redirect tunnel 1 track DellEMC(conf-redirect-list)#redirect tunnel 1 track DellEMC(conf-redirect-list)#redirect tunnel 1 track 144.144.144.
37 PIM Sparse-Mode (PIM-SM) Protocol-independent multicast sparse-mode (PIM-SM) is a multicast protocol that forwards multicast traffic to a subnet only after a request using a PIM Join message; this behavior is the opposite of PIM-Dense mode, which forwards multicast traffic to all subnets until a request to stop.
2. The last-hop DR sends a PIM Join message to the RP. All routers along the way, including the RP, create an (*,G) entry in their multicast routing table, and the interface on which the message was received becomes the outgoing interface associated with the (*,G) entry. This process constructs an RPT branch to the RP. 3. If a host on the same subnet as another multicast receiver sends an IGMP report for the same multicast group, the gateway takes no action.
3. Enable PIM-SM on an interface. Enable multicast routing. CONFIGURATION mode {ip | ipv6} multicast-routing [vrf vrf-name] Related Configuration Tasks The following are related PIM-SM configuration tasks. ● ● ● ● Configuring S,G Expiry Timers Configuring a Static Rendezvous Point Configuring a Designated Router Creating Multicast Boundaries and Domains Enable PIM-SM You must enable PIM-SM on each participating interface. 1. Enable IPv4 or IPv6 multicast routing on the system.
Following is an example of show ip pim neighbor command output: DellEMC#show Neighbor Address 127.87.5.5 127.87.3.5 127.87.50.
Configuring S,G Expiry Timers You can configure a global expiry time (for all [S,G] entries). By default, [S,G] entries expire in 210 seconds. When you create, delete, or update an expiry time, the changes are applied when the keep alive timer refreshes. To configure a global expiry time, use the following command. Enable global expiry timer for S, G entries. CONFIGURATION mode {ip | ipv6} pim sparse-mode sg-expiry-timer seconds The range is from 211 to 86,400 seconds. The default is 210.
Overriding Bootstrap Router Updates PIM-SM routers must know the address of the RP for each group for which they have (*,G) entry. This address is obtained automatically through the bootstrap router (BSR) mechanism or a static RP configuration. Use the following command if you have configured a static RP for a group. If you do not use the override option with the following command, the RPs advertised in the BSR updates take precedence over any statically configured RPs.
INTERFACE mode {ip | ipv6} pim query-interval seconds ● Display the current value of these parameter.
Creating Multicast Boundaries and Domains A PIM domain is a contiguous set of routers that all implement PIM and are configured to operate within a common boundary defined by PIM multicast border routers (PMBRs). PMBRs connect each PIM domain to the rest of the Internet. Create multicast boundaries and domains by filtering inbound and outbound bootstrap router (BSR) messages per interface. The following command is applied to the subsequent inbound and outbound updates.
show ip pim bsr-router Example: DellEMC# show ip pim bsr-router PIMv2 Bootstrap information This system is the Bootstrap Router (v2) BSR address: 7.7.7.7 (?) BSR Priority: 0, Hash mask length: 30 Next bootstrap message in 00:00:08 This system is a candidate BSR Candidate BSR address: 7.7.7.
38 PIM Source-Specific Mode (PIM-SSM) PIM source-specific mode (PIM-SSM) is a multicast protocol that forwards multicast traffic from a single source to a subnet. In the other versions of protocol independent multicast (PIM), a receiver subscribes to a group only. The receiver receives traffic not just from the source in which it is interested but from all sources sending to that group.
Related Configuration Tasks ● Use PIM-SSM with IGMP Version 2 Hosts Enabling PIM-SSM To enable PIM-SSM, follow these steps. 1. Create an ACL that uses permit rules to specify what range of addresses should use SSM. CONFIGURATION mode ip access-list standard name 2. Enter the ip pim ssm-range command and specify the ACL you created. CONFIGURATION mode ip pim ssm-range acl-name To display address ranges in the PIM-SSM range, use the show ip pim ssm-range command from EXEC Privilege mode.
Configuring PIM-SSM with IGMPv2 R1(conf)#do show run pim ! ip pim rp-address 10.11.12.2 group-address 224.0.0.0/4 ip pim ssm-range ssm R1(conf)#do show run acl ! ip access-list standard map seq 5 permit host 239.0.0.2 ! ip access-list standard ssm seq 5 permit host 239.0.0.2 R1(conf)#ip igmp ssm-map map 10.11.5.2 R1(conf)#do show ip igmp groups Total Number of Groups: 2 IGMP Connected Group Membership Group Address Interface Mode Uptime Expires 239.0.0.
1. C-BSRs flood their candidacy throughout the domain in a BSM. Each message contains a BSR priority value, and the C-BSR with the highest priority value becomes the BSR. 2. Each C-RP unicasts periodic Candidate-RP-Advertisements to the BSR. Each message contains an RP priority value and the group ranges for which it is a C-RP. 3. The BSR collects the most efficient group-to-RP mappings and periodically updates it to all PIM routes in the network. 4.
Enabling RP to Server Specific Multicast Groups When you configure an RP candidate, its advertisement is sent to the entire multicast address range and the group-to-RP mapping is advertised for the entire range of multicast address. Starting with Dell EMC Networking OS 9.11.0.0, you can configure an RP candidate for a specified range of multicast group address. The Configured multicast group ranges are used by the BSR protocol to advertise the candidate RPs in the bootstrap messages.
39 Port Monitoring Port monitoring (also referred to as mirroring ) allows you to monitor ingress and/or egress traffic on specified ports. The mirrored traffic can be sent to a port to which a network analyzer is connected to inspect or troubleshoot the traffic. Mirroring is used for monitoring Ingress or Egress or both Ingress and Egress traffic on a specific port(s). This mirrored traffic can be sent to a port where a network sniffer can connect and monitor the traffic.
Port Monitoring Port monitoring is supported on both physical and logical interfaces, such as VLAN and port-channel interfaces. The source port (MD) with monitored traffic and the destination ports (MG) to which an analyzer can be attached must be on the same switch. You can configure up to 128 source ports in a monitoring session. Only one destination port is supported in a monitoring session. The platform supports multiple source-destination statements in a single monitor session.
Similarly, if BPDUs are transmitted, the MG port receives them tagged with the VLAN ID 4095. This behavior might result in a difference between the number of egress packets on the MD port and monitored packets on the MG port. Dell EMC Networking OS Behavior: The platform continues to mirror outgoing traffic even after an MD participating in spanning tree protocol (STP) transitions from the forwarding to blocking. Configuring Port Monitoring To configure port monitoring, use the following commands. 1.
N/A N/A 0 1 Po 10 N/A Vl 40 N/A Te 1/2/1 No Te 1/3/1 No rx Port 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 No rx Flow 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 No NOTE: Source as VLAN is achieved via Flow based mirroring. Please refer section Enabling Flow-Based Monitoring. In the following example, the host and server are exchanging traffic which passes through the uplink interface 1/1/1.
Enabling Flow-Based Monitoring Flow-based monitoring conserves bandwidth by monitoring only specified traffic instead of all traffic on the interface. This feature is particularly useful when looking for malicious traffic. It is available for Layer 3 ingress traffic. You can specify traffic using standard or extended access-lists. NOTE: Flow-based monitoring is supported for known unicast egress traffic. 1. Create a monitoring session. CONFIGURATION mode monitor session session-id 2.
--------- ---------------- --------- ------- ---- ----------- --------0 Te 1/1/1 Te 1/2/1 rx interface N/A N/A yes --------0.0.0.0 -------0.0.0.0 ---0 --0 No Configuring IPv6 Flow-Based Mirroring This section describes how to configure IPv6 flow-based mirroring in the monitor session. You can configure IPv6 flow-based mirroring under monitor session. The IPv6 flow-based mirroring is supported in SPAN, RSPAN, and ERSPAN monitor sessions. By default, all mirror ACLs is considered as implicit permit. .
DellEMC(config-ext-nacl)#seq 5 permit icmp any any count bytes monitor DellEMC(config-ext-nacl)#seq 10 permit ipv6 10::/64 any count bytes monitor DellEMC(config-ext-nacl)#seq 15 deny udp any any count bytes DellEMC(config-ext-nacl)#seq 20 deny tcp any any count bytes DellEMC(config-ext-nacl)#exit DellEMC(conf)#interface tengigabitethernet 1/1 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1)#ipv6 access-group testflow in The following is sample running-configuration of IPv6 flow-based mirroring with ACLs applied to monitor sessions
In a remote-port mirroring session, monitored traffic is tagged with a VLAN ID and switched on a user-defined, non-routable L2 VLAN. The VLAN is reserved in the network to carry only mirrored traffic, which is forwarded on all egress ports of the VLAN. Each intermediate switch that participates in the transport of mirrored traffic must be configured with the reserved L2 VLAN.
● You can configure any switch in the network with source ports and destination ports, and allow it to function in an intermediate transport session for a reserved VLAN at the same time for multiple remote-port mirroring sessions. You can enable and disable individual mirroring sessions. ● BPDU monitoring is not required to use remote port mirroring.
Restrictions When you configure remote port mirroring, the following restrictions apply: ● You can configure the same source port to be used in multiple source sessions. ● You cannot configure a source port channel or source VLAN in a source session if the port channel or VLAN has a member port that is configured as a destination port in a remote-port mirroring session.
3. A destination session that consists of multiple destination ports associated with the dedicated VLAN and located on different destination switches Configuring a RSPAN VLAN for RPM Following are the steps for configuring a RSPAN VLAN for RPM. You must repeat the below mentioned steps on source, intermediate, and destination switches. 1. Enter global configuration mode. EXEC mode configure terminal 2. Create a VLAN to transport mirrored traffic in RPM. CONFIGURATION mode interface vlan vlan-id 3.
MONITOR SESSION mode source remote-vlan vlan-id destination interface direction {rx | tx | both} 3. (Optional) Configure destination ports so that the VLAN tag is added to the monitored traffic. MONITOR SESSION mode tagged destination interface To configure destination ports as untagged ports, enter the untagged destinationcommand.
Following is a sample configuration of RPM on an intermediate switch. DellEMC(conf)#interface vlan 10 DellEMC(conf-if-vl-10)#mode remote-port-mirroring DellEMC(conf-if-vl-10)#tagged tengigabitethernet 1/4/1 DellEMC(conf-if-vl-10)#tagged tengigabitethernet 1/5/1 DellEMC(conf-if-vl-10)#exit Configuring Remote Port Mirroring on a destination switch Following is a sample configuration of RPM on an a destination switch.
Dell(conf-if-te-1/1/7)#exit Dell(conf)#interface vlan 20 Dell(conf-if-vl-20)#mode remote-port-mirroring Dell(conf-if-vl-20)#tagged tengigabitethernet 1/1/7 Dell(conf-if-vl-20)#exit Dell(conf)#monitor session 2 type rpm Dell(conf-mon-sess-2)#source remote-vlan 20 destination tengigabitethernet 1/1/8 Dell(conf-mon-sess-2)#tagged destination tengigabitethernet 1/1/8 Dell(conf-mon-sess-2)#exit Configuration Example of RPM for port-channel This example provides a sample configuration of remote port mirroring fo
Encapsulated Remote Port Monitoring Encapsulated Remote Port Monitoring (ERPM) copies traffic from source ports/port-channels or source VLANs and forwards the traffic using routable GRE-encapsulated packets to the destination IP address specified in the session. NOTE: When configuring ERPM, follow these guidelines ● The Dell EMC Networking OS supports ERPM source session only. Encapsulated packets terminate at the destination IP address or at the analyzer.
The following example shows an ERPM configuration: DellEMC(conf)#monitor session 0 type erpm DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-0)#source tengigabitethernet 1/9/1 direction rx DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-0)#source port-channel 1 direction tx DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-0)#erpm source-ip 1.1.1.1 dest-ip 7.1.1.2 gre-protocol 111 DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-0)#no disable DellEMC(conf)#monitor session 1 type erpm DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-1)#source vlan 11 direction rx DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-1)#erpm source-ip 5.1.1.1 dest-ip 3.1.1.
ERPM Behavior on a typical Dell EMC Networking OS The Dell EMC Networking OS is designed to support only the Encapsulation of the data received / transmitted at the specified source port (Port A). An ERPM destination session / decapsulation of the ERPM packets at the destination Switch are not supported. Figure 104.
○ Either have a Linux server's ethernet port ip as the ERPM destination ip or connect the ingress interface of the server to the ERPM MirrorToPort. The analyzer should listen in the forward/egress interface. If there is only one interface, one can choose the ingress and forward interface to be same and listen in the tx direction of the interface. ○ Download/ Write a small script (for example: erpm.py) such that it will strip the given ERPM packet starting from the bit where GRE header ends.
VLT Fail-over Scenario Consider a scenario where port monitoring is configured to mirror traffic on the source port or LAG of a VLT device to a destination port on an other device on the network. A fail-over occurs when the primary VLT device fails causing the secondary VLT device to take over. At the time of failover, the mirrored packets are dropped for some time. This time period is equivalent to the gracious VLT failover recovery time.
Table 73. RPM over VLT Scenarios (continued) Scenario RPM Restriction Recommended Solution VLT device:source remote vlan destination orphan port. Mirroring VLT LAG across VLT Peers — In this scenario, the VLT LAG on the primary VLT peer is mirrored to an orphan port on the secondary VLT peer through the ICL LAG. The packet analyzer is connected to the secondary VLT peer. No restrictions apply to the RPM session.
40 Private VLANs (PVLAN) The private VLAN (PVLAN) feature is supported on Dell EMC Networking OS. For syntax details about the commands described in this chapter, refer to the Private VLANs commands chapter in the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Line Reference Guide. Private VLANs extend the Dell EMC Networking OS security suite by providing Layer 2 isolation between ports within the same virtual local area network (VLAN).
● Community port — a port that belongs to a community VLAN and is allowed to communicate with other ports in the same community VLAN and with promiscuous ports. ● Host port — in the context of a private VLAN, is a port in a secondary VLAN: ○ The port must first be assigned that role in INTERFACE mode. ○ A port assigned the host role cannot be added to a regular VLAN. ● Isolated port — a port that, in Layer 2, can only communicate with promiscuous ports that are in the same PVLAN.
Configuration Task List The following sections contain the procedures that configure a private VLAN. ● ● ● ● Creating Creating Creating Creating PVLAN Ports a Primary VLAN a Community VLAN an Isolated VLAN Creating PVLAN ports PVLAN ports are ports that will be assigned to the PVLAN. 1. Access INTERFACE mode for the port that you want to assign to a PVLAN. CONFIGURATION mode interface interface 2. Enable the port. INTERFACE mode no shutdown 3. Set the port in Layer 2 mode. INTERFACE mode switchport 4.
interface vlan vlan-id 2. Enable the VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode no shutdown 3. Set the PVLAN mode of the selected VLAN to primary. INTERFACE VLAN mode private-vlan mode primary 4. Map secondary VLANs to the selected primary VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode private-vlan mapping secondary-vlan vlan-list The list of secondary VLANs can be: ● Specified in comma-delimited (VLAN-ID,VLAN-ID) or hyphenated-range format (VLAN-ID-VLAN-ID). ● Specified with this command even before they have been created.
You can only add host (isolated) ports to the VLAN. Creating an Isolated VLAN An isolated VLAN is a secondary VLAN of a primary VLAN. An isolated VLAN port can only talk with the promiscuous ports in that primary VLAN. 1. Access INTERFACE VLAN mode for the VLAN that you want to make an isolated VLAN. CONFIGURATION mode interface vlan vlan-id 2. Enable the VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode no shutdown 3. Set the PVLAN mode of the selected VLAN to isolated. INTERFACE VLAN mode private-vlan mode isolated 4.
Private VLAN Configuration Example The following example shows a private VLAN topology. Figure 105. Sample Private VLAN Topology The following configuration is based on the example diagram for the Z9500: ● Te 1/1 and Te 1/23 are configured as promiscuous ports, assigned to the primary VLAN, VLAN 4000. ● Te 1/25 is configured as a PVLAN trunk port, also assigned to the primary VLAN 4000. ● Te 1/24 and Te 1/47 are configured as host ports and assigned to the isolated VLAN, VLAN 4003.
● The S4810 ports would have the same intra-switch communication characteristics as described for the Z9500. ● For transmission between switches, tagged packets originating from host PVLAN ports in one secondary VLAN and destined for host PVLAN ports in the other switch travel through the promiscuous ports in the local VLAN 4000 and then through the trunk ports (1/25 in each switch). Inspecting the Private VLAN Configuration The standard methods of inspecting configurations also apply in PVLANs.
G - GVRP tagged, M - Vlan-stack NUM * 1 100 P 200 I 201 Status Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Description Q Ports primary VLAN in PVLAN T Te 1/19/1-2 isolated VLAN in VLAN 200 T Te 1/21/1 The following example shows viewing a private VLAN configuration.
41 Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+) Per-VLAN spanning tree plus (PVST+) is a variation of spanning tree — developed by a third party — that allows you to configure a separate spanning tree instance for each virtual local area network (VLAN).
Figure 106. Per-VLAN Spanning Tree The Dell EMC Networking OS supports three other variations of spanning tree, as shown in the following table. Table 74. Spanning Tree Variations Dell EMC Networking OS Supports Dell EMC Networking Term IEEE Specification Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 802 .1d Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) 802 .1w Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) 802 .
Configure Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus Configuring PVST+ is a four-step process. 1. 2. 3. 4. Configure interfaces for Layer 2. Place the interfaces in VLANs. Enable PVST+. Optionally, for load balancing, select a nondefault bridge-priority for a VLAN.
Influencing PVST+ Root Selection As shown in the previous per-VLAN spanning tree illustration, all VLANs use the same forwarding topology because R2 is elected the root, and all TenGigabitEthernet ports have the same cost. The following per-VLAN spanning tree illustration changes the bridge priority of each bridge so that a different forwarding topology is generated for each VLAN. This behavior demonstrates how you can use PVST+ to achieve load balancing. Figure 107.
Current root has priority 4096, Address 0001.e80d.b6d6 Number of topology changes 5, last change occurred 00:34:37 ago on Te 1/32/1 Port 375 (TenGigabitEthernet 1/22/1) is designated Forwarding Port path cost 20000, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.375 Designated root has priority 4096, address 0001.e80d.b6:d6 Designated bridge has priority 4096, address 0001.e80d.b6:d6 Designated port id is 128.
● Port priority — influences the likelihood that a port is selected to be a forwarding port in case that several ports have the same port cost. The following tables lists the default values for port cost by interface. Table 75.
CAUTION: Configure EdgePort only on links connecting to an end station. EdgePort can cause loops if you enable it on an interface connected to a network. To enable EdgePort on an interface, use the following command. ● Enable EdgePort on an interface. INTERFACE mode spanning-tree pvst edge-port [bpduguard | shutdown-on-violation] The EdgePort status of each interface is given in the output of the show spanning-tree pvst command, as previously shown.
Figure 108. PVST+ with Extend System ID ● Augment the bridge ID with the VLAN ID. PROTOCOL PVST mode extend system-id DellEMC(conf-pvst)#do show spanning-tree pvst vlan 5 brief VLAN 5 Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Root ID Priority 32773, Address 0001.e832.73f7 Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Bridge ID Priority 32773 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 5), Address 0001.e832.
no shutdown ! interface Vlan 300 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/22,32/1 no shutdown ! protocol spanning-tree pvst no disable vlan 100 bridge-priority 4096 Example of PVST+ Configuration (R2) interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/12/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/32/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface Vlan 100 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 2/12,32/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 200 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 2/12,32/1 no shutd
42 Quality of Service (QoS) This chapter describes how to use and configure Quality of Service service (QoS) features on the switch. Differentiated service is accomplished by classifying and queuing traffic, and assigning priorities to those queues. Table 76.
Table 76. Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS) Support for Port-Based, Policy-Based Features (continued) Feature Direction Create Output Policy Maps Egress Specify an Aggregate QoS Policy Egress Create Output Policy Maps Egress Enabling QoS Rate Adjustment Enabling Strict-Priority Queueing Weighted Random Early Detection Egress Create WRED Profiles Egress Figure 109.
• • • • • • Configuring Policy-Based Rate Shaping Configuring Weights and ECN for WRED Configuring WRED and ECN Attributes Guidelines for Configuring ECN for Classifying and Color-Marking Packets Applying Layer 2 Match Criteria on a Layer 3 Interface Enabling Buffer Statistics Tracking Implementation Information The Dell EMC Networking QoS implementation complies with IEEE 802.1p User Priority Bits for QoS Indication.
DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#switchport DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#dot1p-priority 1 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#end Honoring dot1p Priorities on Ingress Traffic By default, Dell EMC Networking OS does not honor dot1p priorities on ingress traffic. You can configure this feature on physical interfaces and port-channels, but you cannot configure it on individual interfaces in a port channel. You can configure service-class dynamic dot1p from CONFIGURATION mode, which applies the configuration to all interfaces.
Dell EMC Networking OS Behavior: Rate shaping is effectively rate limiting because of its smaller buffer size. Rate shaping on tagged ports is slightly greater than the configured rate and rate shaping on untagged ports is slightly less than configured rate. Rate shaping buffers, rather than drops, traffic exceeding the specified rate until the buffer is exhausted. If any stream exceeds the configured bandwidth on a continuous basis, it can consume all of the buffer space that is allocated to the port.
Classify Traffic Class maps differentiate traffic so that you can apply separate quality of service policies to different types of traffic. For both class maps, Layer 2 and Layer 3, Dell EMC Networking OS matches packets against match criteria in the order that you configure them. Creating a Layer 3 Class Map A Layer 3 class map differentiates ingress packets based on the DSCP value or IP precedence, and characteristics defined in an IP ACL.
The following example matches the IPv4 and IPv6 traffic with a precedence value of 3: DellEMC(conf)# class-map match-any test1 DellEMC(conf-class-map)#match ip-any precedence 3 Creating a Layer 2 Class Map All class maps are Layer 3 by default; however, you can create a Layer 2 class map by specifying the layer2 option with the class-map command. A Layer 2 class map differentiates traffic according to 802.1p value and/or VLAN and/or characteristics defined in a MAC ACL..
EXEC Privilege mode show qos class-map The following example shows incorrect traffic classifications.
be changed (as in TABLE 1). If a custom dot1p to queue mapping is present it should be reconfigured to the default dot1p to queue mapping. ● Currently Dell EMC Networking OS supports matching only the following TCP flags: ○ ACK ○ FIN ○ SYN ○ PSH ○ RST ○ URG In the existing software, ECE/CWR TCP flag qualifiers are not supported.
2. After you create an input QoS policy, do one or more of the following: Configuring Policy-Based Rate Policing Setting a dot1p Value for Egress Packets Configuring Policy-Based Rate Policing To configure policy-based rate policing, use the following command. ● Configure rate police ingress traffic. QOS-POLICY-IN mode rate-police Setting a dot1p Value for Egress Packets To set a dot1p value for egress packets, use the following command. ● Set a dscp or dot1p value for egress packets.
Table 78. Default Bandwidth Weights Queue Default Bandwidth Percentage for 4– Default Bandwidth Percentage for 8– Queue System Queue System 0 6.67% 1% 1 13.33% 2% 2 26.67% 3% 3 53.33% 4% 4 - 5% 5 - 10% 6 - 25% 7 - 50% NOTE: The system supports 8 data queues. When you assign a percentage to one queue, note that this change also affects the amount of bandwidth that is allocated to other queues.
● A DSCP value cannot be in both the yellow and red lists. Setting the red or yellow list with any DSCP value that is already in the other list results in an error and no update to that DSCP list is made. ● Each color map can only have one list of DSCP values for each color; any DSCP values previously listed for that color that are not in the new DSCP list are colored green.
Displaying a DSCP Color Policy Configuration To display the DSCP color policy configuration for one or all interfaces, use the show qos dscp-color-policy {summary [interface] | detail {interface}} command in EXEC mode. summary: Displays summary information about a color policy on one or more interfaces. detail: Displays detailed color policy information on an interface interface : Enter the name of the interface that has the color policy configured.
Applying an Input QoS Policy to an Input Policy Map To apply an input QoS policy to an input policy map, use the following command. ● Apply an input QoS policy to an input policy map. POLICY-MAP-IN mode policy-service-queue qos-polcy Honoring DSCP Values on Ingress Packets Dell EMC Networking OS provides the ability to honor DSCP values on ingress packets using Trust DSCP feature.
Table 80. Default dot1p to Queue Mapping (continued) dot1p Queue ID 7 7 The dot1p value is also honored for frames on the default VLAN. For more information, refer to Priority-Tagged Frames on the Default VLAN. ● Enable the trust dot1p feature. POLICY-MAP-IN mode trust dot1p Mapping dot1p Values to Service Queues All traffic is by default mapped to the same queue, Queue 0.
Applying an Output QoS Policy to a Queue Specifying an Aggregate QoS Policy Applying an Output Policy Map to an Interface 3. Apply the policy map to an interface. Applying an Output QoS Policy to a Queue To apply an output QoS policy to a queue, use the following command. ● Apply an output QoS policy to queues. INTERFACE mode service-queue Specifying an Aggregate QoS Policy To specify an aggregate QoS policy, use the following command. ● Specify an aggregate QoS policy.
Enabling Strict-Priority Queueing In strict-priority queuing, the system de-queues all packets from the assigned queue before servicing any other queues. You can assign strict-priority to one unicast queue, using the strict-priority command. ● Policy-based per-queue rate shaping is not supported on the queue configured for strict-priority queuing. To use queuebased rate-shaping as well as strict-priority queuing at the same time on a queue, use the Scheduler Strict feature as described in Scheduler Strict .
Consider that two switches A and B are connected back to back via a tagged interface. Consider the case where untagged packets arrive on switch A, if you want to generate PFC for priority 2 for DSCP range 0-7, then you must need to match the interested traffic using the class map. You should create an L3 Input Qos Policy and mark vlan dot1p as 2. You have to associate both the L3 class map and L3 Input Qos Policy to queue 1 using the policy map.
You can create a custom WRED profile or use one of the five pre-defined profiles. Creating WRED Profiles To create WRED profiles, use the following commands. 1. Create a WRED profile. CONFIGURATION mode wred-profile 2. Specify the minimum and maximum threshold values. WRED mode threshold Applying a WRED Profile to Traffic After you create a WRED profile, you must specify to which traffic Dell EMC Networking OS should apply the profile.
Displaying egress–queue Statistics To display the number of transmitted and dropped packets and their rate on the egress queues of an interface, use the following command: ● Display the number of packets and number of bytes on the egress-queue profile.
● Whether or not the policy-map can be applied. ● The number of interfaces in a port-pipe to which the policy-map can be applied. Specifically: ● Available CAM — the available number of CAM entries in the specified CAM partition for the specified line card or stack-unit port-pipe. ● Estimated CAM — the estimated number of CAM entries that the policy will consume when it is applied to an interface.
Configuring Policy-Based Rate Shaping You can configure the rate shaping for QoS output policies in packets per second (pps). You can explicitly specify the rate shaping functionality for QoS output policies as peak rate and committed rate attributes. You can also configure the peak burst and committed burst sizes. All of these settings can be configured in Kbps, Mbps, or pps. To configure the peak and committed rates and burst sizes, perform the following steps: 1.
Global Service Pools With WRED and ECN Settings Support for global service pools is now available. You can configure global service pools that are shared buffer pools accessed by multiple queues when the minimum guaranteed buffers for the queue are consumed. Two service pools are used– one for loss-based queues and the other for lossless (priority-based flow control (PFC)) queues. You can enable WRED and ECN configuration on the global service-pools.
To configure the weight factor for WRED and ECN capabilities, global buffer pools for multiple queues, and associating a service class with ECN marking, perform the following: 1. Configure the weight factor for the computation of average-queue size. This weight value applies to front-end ports. QOS-POLICY-OUT mode DellEMC(conf-qos-policy-out)#wred—profile weight number 2. Configure a WRED profile, and specify the threshold and maximum drop rate.
Sample configuration to mark non-ecn packets as “yellow” with Multiple traffic class Consider the example where there are no different traffic classes that is all the packets are egressing on the default ‘queue0’. Dell EMC Networking OS can be configured as below to mark the non-ecn packets as yellow packets.
categorization. The IPv4 ACLs (standard and Extended) are enhanced to add this qualifier. This new keyword ‘ecn’ is present for all L3 ACL types (TCP/UDP/IP/ICMP) at the level where the ‘DSCP’ qualifier is positioned in the current ACL commands. Dell EMC Networking OS supports the capability to contain DSCP and ECN classifiers simultaneously for the same ACL entry.
Approach without explicit ECN match qualifiers for ECN packets: ! ip access-list standard dscp_50 seq 5 permit any dscp 50 ! ip access-list standard dscp_40 seq 5 permit any dscp 40 ! ip access-list standard dscp_50_non_ecn seq 5 permit any dscp 50 ecn 0 ! ip access-list standard dscp_40_non_ecn seq 5 permit any dscp 40 ecn 0 ! class-map match-any class_dscp_40 match ip access-group dscp_40_non_ecn set-color yellow match ip access-group dscp_40 ! class-map match-any class_dscp_50 match ip access-group dscp_
Applying Layer 2 Match Criteria on a Layer 3 Interface To process Layer 3 packets that contain a dot1p (IEEE 802.1p) VLAN Layer 2 header, configure VLAN tags on a Layer 3 port interface which is configured with an IP address but has no VLAN associated with it. You can also configure a VLAN sub-interface on the port interface and apply a policy map that classifies packets using the dot1p VLAN ID.
Enabling Buffer Statistics Tracking You can enable the tracking of statistical values of buffer spaces at a global level. The buffer statistics tracking utility operates in the max use count mode that enables the collection of maximum values of counters. To configure the buffer statistics tracking utility, perform the following step: 1. Enable the buffer statistics tracking utility and enter the Buffer Statistics Snapshot configuration mode.
Q# TYPE Q# TOTAL BUFFERED CELLS --------------------------------------MCAST 3 0 Unit 1 unit: 3 port: 29 (interface Fo 1/172) --------------------------------------Q# TYPE Q# TOTAL BUFFERED CELLS --------------------------------------MCAST 3 0 Unit 1 unit: 3 port: 33 (interface Fo 1/176) --------------------------------------Q# TYPE Q# TOTAL BUFFERED CELLS --------------------------------------MCAST 3 0 Unit 1 unit: 3 port: 37 (interface Fo 1/180) --------------------------------------Q# TYPE Q# TOTAL BUFFER
43 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) tracks distances or hop counts to nearby routers when establishing network connections and is based on a distance-vector algorithm. RIP is based on a distance-vector algorithm; it tracks distances or hop counts to nearby routers when establishing network connections. RIP protocol standards are listed in the Standards Compliance chapter.
Table 82. RIP Defaults Feature Default Interfaces running RIP ● Listen to RIPv1 and RIPv2 ● Transmit RIPv1 RIP timers ● ● ● ● Auto summarization Enabled ECMP paths supported 16 update timer = 30 seconds invalid timer = 180 seconds holddown timer = 180 seconds flush timer = 240 seconds Configuration Information By default, RIP is disabled in Dell EMC Networking OS. To configure RIP, you must use commands in two modes: ROUTER RIP and INTERFACE.
To view the global RIP configuration, use the show running-config command in EXEC mode or the show config command in ROUTER RIP mode. DellEMC(conf-router_rip)#show config ! router rip network 10.0.0.0 DellEMC(conf-router_rip)# When the RIP process has learned the RIP routes, use the show ip rip database command in EXEC mode to view those routes. DellEMC#show ip rip database Total number of routes in RIP database: 978 160.160.0.0/16 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:00:26, Fa 1/4 160.160.0.0/16 auto-summary 2.0.0.
31.0.0.0/8 auto-summary 192.162.2.0/24 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:01:21, Fa 1/49 192.162.2.0/24 auto-summary 192.161.1.0/24 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:00:27, Fa 1/49 192.161.1.0/24 auto-summary 192.162.3.0/24 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:01:22, Fa 1/49 192.162.3.0/24 auto-summary To disable RIP globally, use the no router rip command in CONFIGURATION mode. Configure RIP on Interfaces When you enable RIP globally on the system, interfaces meeting certain conditions start receiving RIP routes.
Adding RIP Routes from Other Instances In addition to filtering routes, you can add routes from other routing instances or protocols to the RIP process. With the redistribute command, you can include open shortest path first (OSPF), static, or directly connected routes in the RIP process. To add routes from other routing instances or protocols, use the following commands. ● Include directly connected or user-configured (static) routes in RIP.
Incoming filter for all interfaces is Default redistribution metric is 1 Default version control: receive version 2, send version 2 Interface Recv Send TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 2 2 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update Distance: (default is 120) DellEMC# To configure an interface to receive or send both versions of RIP, include 1 and 2 in the command syntax.
Summarize Routes Routes in the RIPv2 routing table are summarized by default, thus reducing the size of the routing table and improving routing efficiency in large networks. By default, the autosummary command in ROUTER RIP mode is enabled and summarizes RIP routes up to the classful network boundary. If you must perform routing between discontiguous subnets, disable automatic summarization. With automatic route summarization disabled, subnets are advertised.
The following example shows the confirmation when you enable the debug function. DellEMC#debug ip rip RIP protocol debug is ON DellEMC# To disable RIP, use the no debug ip rip command. RIP Configuration Example The examples in this section show the command sequence to configure RIPv2 on the two routers shown in the following illustration — Core 2 and Core 3. The host prompts used in the following example reflect those names.
The following example shows the show ip rip database command to view the learned RIP routes on Core 2. Core2(conf-router_rip)#end 00:12:24: %RPM0-P:CP %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Core2#show ip rip database Total number of routes in RIP database: 7 10.11.30.0/24 [120/1] via 10.11.20.1, 00:00:03, TenGigabitEthernet 2/3/1 10.300.10.0/24 directly connected,TenGigabitEthernet 2/4/1 10.200.10.0/24 directly connected,TenGigabitEthernet 2/5/1 10.11.20.
Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.11.20.1 120 00:00:12 Distance: (default is 120) Core2# RIP Configuration on Core3 The following example shows how to configure RIPv2 on a host named Core3. Core3(conf)#router rip Core3(conf-router_rip)#version 2 Core3(conf-router_rip)#network 192.168.1.0 Core3(conf-router_rip)#network 192.168.2.0 Core3(conf-router_rip)#network 10.11.30.0 Core3(conf-router_rip)#network 10.11.20.0 Core3(conf-router_rip)#show config ! router rip network 10.0.0.
Destination Gateway Dist/Metric Last Change ----------- ------- --------------------R 10.11.10.0/24 via 10.11.20.2, Te 3/21/1 120/1 00:01:14 C 10.11.20.0/24 Direct, Te 3/21/1 0/0 00:01:53 C 10.11.30.0/24 Direct, Te 3/11/1 0/0 00:06:00 R 10.200.10.0/24 via 10.11.20.2, Te 3/21/1 120/1 00:01:14 R 10.300.10.0/24 via 10.11.20.2, Te 3/21/1 120/1 00:01:14 C 192.168.1.0/24 Direct, Te 3/23/1 0/0 00:06:53 C 192.168.2.
The following example shows viewing the RIP configuration on Core 3. ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 ip address 10.11.30.1/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/2/1 ip address 10.11.20.1/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/4/1 ip address 192.168.1.1/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/5/1 ip address 192.168.2.1/24 no shutdown ! router rip version 2 network 10.11.20.0 network 10.11.30.0 network 192.168.1.0 network 192.168.2.
44 Remote Monitoring (RMON) RMON is an industry-standard implementation that monitors network traffic by sharing network monitoring information. RMON provides both 32-bit and 64-bit monitoring facility and long-term statistics collection on Dell EMC Networking Ethernet interfaces. RMON operates with the simple network management protocol (SNMP) and monitors all nodes on a local area network (LAN) segment. RMON monitors traffic passing through the router and segment traffic not destined for the router.
[no] rmon alarm number variable interval {delta | absolute} rising-threshold [value event-number] falling-threshold value event-number [owner string] OR [no] rmon hc-alarm number variable interval {delta | absolute} rising-threshold value event-number falling-threshold value event-number [owner string] Configure the alarm using the following optional parameters: ○ number: alarm number, an integer from 1 to 65,535, the value must be unique in the RMON Alarm Table.
this command. This configuration also generates an SNMP trap when the event is triggered using the SNMP community string “eventtrap”. DellEMC(conf)#rmon event 1 log trap eventtrap description “High ifOutErrors” owner nms1 Configuring RMON Collection Statistics To enable RMON MIB statistics collection on an interface, use the RMON collection statistics command in INTERFACE CONFIGURATION mode. ● Enable RMON MIB statistics collection.
45 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) is a Layer 2 protocol — specified by IEEE 802.1w — that is essentially the same as spanning-tree protocol (STP) but provides faster convergence and interoperability with switches configured with STP and multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP).
● ● ● ● ● ● Prevent Network Disruptions with BPDU Guard Influencing RSTP Root Selection Configuring Spanning Trees as Hitless Enabling SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes Configuring Fast Hellos for Link State Detection Flush MAC Addresses after a Topology Change Important Points to Remember ● RSTP is disabled by default. ● Dell EMC Networking OS supports only one Rapid Spanning Tree (RST) instance.
To verify that an interface is in Layer 2 mode and enabled, use the show config command from INTERFACE mode. The bold lines indicate that the interface is in Layer 2 mode. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# Enabling Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Globally Enable RSTP globally on all participating bridges; it is not enabled by default.
Figure 113. Rapid Spanning Tree Enabled Globally To view the interfaces participating in RSTP, use the show spanning-tree rstp command from EXEC privilege mode. If a physical interface is part of a port channel, only the port channel is listed in the command output. DellEMC#show spanning-tree rstp Root Identifier has priority 32768, Address 0001.e801.cbb4 Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15, max hops 0 Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, Address 0001.e801.
The port is not in the Edge port mode Port 380 (TenGigabitEthernet 2/4/1) is designated Forwarding Port path cost 20000, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.380 Designated root has priority 32768, address 0001.e801.cbb4 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0001.e801.cbb4 Designated port id is 128.
Table 84.
● Port priority — influences the likelihood that a port is selected to be a forwarding port in case that several ports have the same port cost. To change the port cost or priority of an interface, use the following commands. ● Change the port cost of an interface. INTERFACE mode spanning-tree rstp cost cost The range is from 0 to 65535. The default is listed in the previous table. ● Change the port priority of an interface. INTERFACE mode spanning-tree rstp priority priority-value The range is from 0 to 15.
in the hardware after a BPDU violation. BPDUs are dropped in the software after receiving the BPDU violation. This feature is the same as PortFast mode in Spanning Tree. CAUTION: Configure EdgePort only on links connecting to an end station. If you enable EdgePort on an interface connected to a network, it can cause loops.
NOTE: The hello time is encoded in BPDUs in increments of 1/256ths of a second. The standard minimum hello time in seconds is 1 second, which is encoded as 256. Millisecond. hello times are encoded using values less than 256; the millisecond hello time equals (x/1000)*256. When you configure millisecond hellos, the default hello interval of 2 seconds is still used for edge ports; the millisecond hello interval is not used.
46 Software-Defined Networking (SDN) The Dell EMC Networking OS supports software-defined networking (SDN). For more information, see the SDN Deployment Guide.
47 Security This chapter describes several ways to provide security to the Dell EMC Networking system. For details about all the commands described in this chapter, refer to the Security chapter in the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Reference Guide.
CONFIGURATION mode aaa accounting {commands level | dot1x | exec | rest | suppress | system} {default | name} {start-stop | wait-start | stop-only} {radius | tacacs+} The variables are: ○ system: sends accounting information of any other AAA configuration. ○ exec: sends accounting information when a user has logged in to EXEC mode. ○ dot1x: sends accounting information when a dot1x user has logged in to EXEC mode. ○ command level: sends accounting of commands executed at the specified privilege level.
accounting exec execAcct DellEMC(config-line-vty)# accounting commands 15 com15 DellEMC(config-line-vty)# accounting exec execAcct Monitoring AAA Accounting Dell EMC Networking OS does not support periodic interim accounting because the periodic command can cause heavy congestion when many users are logged in to the network. No specific show command exists for TACACS+ accounting. To obtain accounting records displaying information about users currently logged in, use the following command.
EAP START accounting record: Fri May 10 12:20:43 2019 NAS-IP-Address = 10.16.133.
Acct-Multi-Session-Id = "00-11-22-33-44-55-00-11-33-44-77-88-5e-50-d6-5cc" Acct-Link-Count = 1 Acct-Terminate-Cause = Lost-Carrier Acct-Status-Type = Stop Event-Timestamp = "May 10 2019 23:30:42 CDT" Tmp-String-9 = "ai:" Acct-Unique-Session-Id = "5a761462ef63b815707de5fa1c5ef348" Timestamp = 1557549042 RADIUS Accounting attributes The following tables describe the various types of attributes that identify the supplicant sessions: Table 85.
Table 86. RADIUS Accounting Stop Record Attributes for CLI user (continued) RADIUS Attribute code RADIUS Attribute Description VIRTUAL - for telnet/SSH session. Table 87. Use cases for CLI user to trigger RADIUS Accounting Start/Stop records CLI event Accounting type Attributes CLI user authentication success Start Start record attributes for CLI user. CLI user log-off Stop Stop record attributes with termination cause as User Request (1).
Table 89. RADIUS Accounting Stop Record Attributes for dot1x supplicant (continued) RADIUS Attribute code RADIUS Attribute Description 1 User-Name User name/ Supplicant MAC Address (for MAB). 5 NAS-Port Port on which session is terminated. 6 Service-Type Framed (2) for EAP /Call check (10) for MAB. 8 Framed-IP-Address IPv4 address of supplicant. 168 Framed-IPV6-Address IPv6 address of supplicant. 30 Called-Station-Id Switch MAC Address. 31 Calling-Station-Id Supplicant MAC Address.
Table 90. Use cases for dot1x supplicant to trigger RADIUS Accounting Start/Stop records (continued) dot1x event Accounting type Attributes Configure max supplicant per interface Stop Stop record attributes with termination cause as port-reinitialized (21). Supplicant goes off without explicitly sending EAP logoff Stop Stop record attributes with termination cause as Idle Timeout (4). Periodic Reauth of supplicant Stop Stop record attributes with termination cause as Supplicant restart (19).
Configuring AAA Authentication Login Methods To configure an authentication method and method list, use the following commands. Dell EMC Networking OS Behavior: If you use a method list on the console port in which RADIUS or TACACS is the last authentication method, and the server is not reachable, Dell EMC Networking OS allows access even though the username and password credentials cannot be verified.
CONFIGURATION mode aaa authentication enable default radius tacacs 2. Establish a host address and password. CONFIGURATION mode radius-server host x.x.x.x key some-password 3. Establish a host address and password. CONFIGURATION mode tacacs-server host x.x.x.x key some-password To get enable authentication from the RADIUS server and use TACACS as a backup, issue the following commands. The following example shows enabling authentication from the RADIUS server.
Example: DellEMC(config)#aaa authentication login vty_auth_list radius Force all logged-in users to re-authenticate (y/n)? 3. You are prompted to force the users to re-authenticate whenever there is a change in the RADIUS server list.. CONFIGURATION mode radius-server host IP Address Example: DellEMC(config)#radius-server host 192.100.0.12 Force all logged-in users to re-authenticate (y/n)? DellEMC(config)#no radius-server host 192.100.0.
● Privilege level 1 — is the default level for EXEC mode. At this level, you can interact with the router, for example, view some show commands and Telnet and ping to test connectivity, but you cannot configure the router. This level is often called the “user” level. One of the commands available in Privilege level 1 is the enable command, which you can use to enter a specific privilege level. ● Privilege level 0 — contains only the end, enable, and disable commands.
Configuring the Enable Password Command To configure Dell EMC Networking OS, use the enable command to enter EXEC Privilege level 15. After entering the command, Dell EMC Networking OS requests that you enter a password. Privilege levels are not assigned to passwords, rather passwords are assigned to a privilege level. You can always change a password for any privilege level. To change to a different privilege level, enter the enable command, then the privilege level.
3. Configure level and commands for a mode or reset a command’s level. CONFIGURATION mode privilege mode {level level command | reset command} Configure the following required and optional parameters: ● mode: enter a keyword for the modes (exec, configure, interface, line, route-map, or router) ● level level: the range is from 0 to 15. Levels 0, 1, and 15 are pre-configured. Levels 2 to 14 are available for custom configuration. ● command: an Dell EMC Networking OS CLI keyword (up to five keywords allowed).
snmp-server Modify SNMP parameters DellEMC(conf)# Specifying LINE Mode Password and Privilege You can specify a password authentication of all users on different terminal lines. The user’s privilege level is the same as the privilege level assigned to the terminal line, unless a more specific privilege level is assigned to the user. To specify a password for the terminal line, use the following commands. ● Configure a custom privilege level for the terminal lines.
RADIUS Authentication Dell EMC Networking OS supports RADIUS for user authentication (text password) at login and can be specified as one of the login authentication methods in the aaa authentication login command. When configuring AAA authorization, you can configure to limit the attributes of services available to a user. When you enable authorization, the network access server uses configuration information from the user profile to issue the user's session.
Configuration Task List for RADIUS To authenticate users using RADIUS, you must specify at least one RADIUS server so that the system can communicate with and configure RADIUS as one of your authentication methods. The following list includes the configuration tasks for RADIUS.
Specifying a RADIUS Server Host When configuring a RADIUS server host, you can set different communication parameters, such as the UDP port, the key password, the number of retries, and the timeout. To specify a RADIUS server host and configure its communication parameters, use the following command. ● Enter the host name or IP address of the RADIUS server host.
To view the configuration of RADIUS communication parameters, use the show running-config command in EXEC Privilege mode. Monitoring RADIUS To view information on RADIUS transactions, use the following command. ● View RADIUS transactions to troubleshoot problems. EXEC Privilege mode debug radius Microsoft Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol Support for RADIUS Authentication Dell EMC Networking OS supports Microsoft Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (MS-CHAPv2) with RADIUS authentication.
Alternatively, if the user changes authorization level, this change may require that authorization attributes be added or deleted from the user sessions. To overcome these limitations, Dell EMC Networking OS provides RADIUS extension commands in order to enable unsolicited messages to be sent to the NAS. These extension commands provide support for Disconnect Messages (DMs) and Change-ofAuthorization (CoA) packets.
Table 94.
Table 97. CoA EAP/MAB Disable Port (continued) Radius Attribute code Radius Attribute Description Mandatory t=26(vendor-specific);l=length;vendoridentification-attribute;Length=value; Data=”cmd=bounce-host-port” Yes Authorization Attributes 26 Vendor-Specific Table 98. CoA EAP/MAB Bounce Port Radius Attribute code Radius Attribute Description Mandatory NAS Identification Attributes 4 NAS-IP-Address IPv4 address of the NAS. No 95 NAS-IPv6–Address IPv6 address of the NAS.
Table 100. DM AAA Session(s) disconnect (continued) Radius Attribute code Radius Attribute Description Mandatory 5 NAS-Port Port on which session is terminated No t=26(vendor-specific);l=length;vendoridentification-attribute;Length=value; Data=”cmd=disconnect-user” Yes Authorization Attributes 26 Vendor-Specific Error-cause Values It is possible that a Dynamic Authorization Server cannot honor Disconnect Message request or CoA request packets for some reason.
The Invalid Attribute Value Error-Cause is applicable to following scenarios: ○ if the CoA request contains incorrect Vendor-Specific attribute value. ○ if the CoA request contains incorrect NAS-port or calling-station-id values. ● rejects the CoA-Request containing NAS-IP-Address or NAS-IPV6-Address attribute that does not match the NAS with a CoA-Nak; Error-Cause value is “NAS Identification Mismatch” (403).
● responds to a disconnect message containing one or more incorrect attributes values with a Disconnect-NAK; Error-Cause value is “Invalid Attribute Value” (407). ● responds to a disconnect message containing unsupported attributes with DM-Nak; Error-Cause value is “Unsupported Attributes” (401). NOTE: Unsupported attributes are the ones that are not mentioned in the RFC 5176 but present in the disconnect message that is received by the NAS.
1. Enter the following command to configure the dynamic authorization feature: radius dynamic-auth 2. Enter the following command to terminate the 802.1x user session: disconnect-user NAS disconnects the administrative users who are connected through an AAA interface. Dell(conf#)radius dynamic-auth Dell(conf-dynamic-auth#)disconnect-user NAS takes the following actions: ● validates the DM request and the session identification attributes.
To initiate 802.1x session re-authentication, the DAC sends a standard CoA request that contains one or more session identification attributes. NAS uses the calling-station-id or the NAS-port attributes to identify a 802.1x user session. In case of the EAP or MAB users, the MAC address is the calling-station-id of the supplicant and the NAS-port is the interface identifier. If both these attributes are present in the CoA request, NAS retrieves the supplicant connected to the interface.
● discards the packet, if simultaneous requests are received for the same NAS-port or calling-station-id, or both. Disabling 802.1x enabled port Dell EMC Networking OS provides RADIUS extension commands that enables you to disable 802.1x enabled ports. This command administratively shuts down the port causing the termination of the dot1x user session. This command is useful when a port is known to cause issue in the network and needs to be disabled. Before disabling the 802.
Stack failover scenario This section describes the stack failover scenario. ● The NAS stacking module processes the RADIUS dynamic authorization messages only if the role of module is master. ● The NAS standby stacking module processes the retransmitted CoA or DM messages without requiring a chassis reboot, if the master module fails and the standby module becomes the master. Configuring replay protection NAS enables you to configure the replay protection window period.
● TACACS+ Remote Authentication ● Specifying a TACACS+ Server Host For a complete listing of all commands related to TACACS+, refer to the Security chapter in the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Reference Guide. Choosing TACACS+ as the Authentication Method One of the login authentication methods available is TACACS+ and the user’s name and password are sent for authentication to the TACACS hosts specified.
tacacs-server host 10.10.10.10 timeout 1 DellEMC(conf)#tacacs-server key angeline DellEMC(conf)#%RPM0-P:CP %SEC-5-LOGIN_SUCCESS: Login successful for user admin on vty0 (10.11.9.209) %RPM0-P:CP %SEC-3-AUTHENTICATION_ENABLE_SUCCESS: Enable password authentication success on vty0 ( 10.11.9.209 ) %RPM0-P:CP %SEC-5-LOGOUT: Exec session is terminated for user admin on line vty0 (10.11.9.
To specify multiple TACACS+ server hosts, configure the tacacs-server host command multiple times. If you configure multiple TACACS+ server hosts, Dell EMC Networking OS attempts to connect with them in the order in which they were configured. To view the TACACS+ configuration, use the show running-config tacacs+ command in EXEC Privilege mode. To delete a TACACS+ server host, use the no tacacs-server host {hostname | ip-address} command.
ssh {hostname} [-l username | -p port-number | -v 2}| -c encryption cipher | -m HMAC algorithm hostname is the IP address or host name of the remote device. Enter an IPv4 or IPv6 address in dotted decimal format (A.B.C.D). ● SSH V2 is enabled by default on all the modes. ● Display SSH connection information. EXEC Privilege mode show ip ssh The following example uses the ip ssh server version 2 command to enable SSH version 2 and the show ip ssh command to confirm the setting.
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ip ssh connection-rate-limit : configure the maximum number of incoming SSH connections per minute. ip ssh hostbased-authentication enable : enable host-based authentication for the SSHv2 server. ip ssh password-authentication enable : enable password authentication for the SSH server. ip ssh pub-key-file : specify the file the host-based authentication uses. ip ssh rhostsfile : specify the rhost file the host-based authorization uses.
key-exchange-algorithm : Enter a space-delimited list of key exchange algorithms that will be used by the SSH server. The following key exchange algorithms are available: ● diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1 ● diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 ● diffie-hellman-group14-sha1 The default key exchange algorithms are the following: ● diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1 ● diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 ● diffie-hellman-group14-sha1 When FIPS is enabled, the default is diffie-hellman-group14-sha1.
hmac-algorithm: Enter a space-delimited list of keyed-hash message authentication code (HMAC) algorithms supported by the SSH server. The following HMAC algorithms are available: ● hmac-md5 ● hmac-md5-96 ● hmac-sha1 ● hmac-sha1-96 ● hmac-sha2-256 The default list of HMAC algorithm is in the following order: ● hmac-sha2-256 ● hmac-sha1 ● hmac-sha1-96 ● hmac-md5 ● hmac-md5-96 When FIPS is enabled, the default HMAC algorithm is hmac-sha2-256, hmac-sha1, hmac-sha1-96.
cipher-list-: Enter a space-delimited list of ciphers the SSH Client supports. The following ciphers are available. ● 3des-cbc ● aes128-cbc ● aes192-cbc ● aes256-cbc ● aes128-ctr ● aes192-ctr ● aes256-ctr The default cipher list is in the given order: aes256-ctr, aes256-cbc, aes192-ctr, aes192-cbc, aes128-ctr, aes128-cbc, 3des-cbc. Example of Configuring a Cipher List The following example shows you how to configure a cipher list.
To view your SSH configuration, use the show ip ssh command from EXEC Privilege mode. DellEMC(conf)#ip ssh server enable DellEMC(conf)#ip ssh password-authentication enable DellEMC# show ip ssh SSH server : enabled. SSH server version : v2. SSH server vrf : default. SSH server ciphers : 3des-cbc,aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,aes128-ctr,aes192ctr,aes256-ctr. SSH server macs : hmac-md5,hmac-md5-96,hmac-sha1,hmac-sha1-96,hmacsha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96.
Refer to the first example. 3. Create a list of IP addresses and usernames that are permitted to SSH in a file called rhosts. Refer to the second example. 4. Copy the file shosts and rhosts to the Dell EMC Networking system. 5. Disable password authentication and RSA authentication, if configured CONFIGURATION mode or EXEC Privilege mode no ip ssh password-authentication or no ip ssh rsa-authentication 6. Enable host-based authentication. CONFIGURATION mode ip ssh hostbased-authentication enable 7.
Troubleshooting SSH To troubleshoot SSH, use the following information. You may not bind id_rsa.pub to RSA authentication while logged in via the console. In this case, this message displays:%Error: No username set for this term. Enable host-based authentication on the server (Dell EMC Networking system) and the client (Unix machine). The following message appears if you attempt to log in via SSH and host-based is disabled on the client.
3. Assign an access class. 4. Enter a privilege level. You can assign line authentication on a per-VTY basis; it is a simple password authentication, using an access-class as authorization. Configure local authentication globally and configure access classes on a per-user basis. can assign different access classes to different users by username. Until users attempt to log in, does not know if they will be assigned a VTY line.
Example of Configuring VTY Authorization Based on MAC ACL for the Line (Per MAC Address) DellEMC(conf)#mac access-list standard sourcemac DellEMC(config-std-mac)#permit 00:00:5e:00:01:01 DellEMC(config-std-mac)#deny any DellEMC(conf)# DellEMC(conf)#line vty 0 9 DellEMC(config-line-vty)#access-class sourcemac DellEMC(config-line-vty)#end Role-Based Access Control With Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), access and authorization is controlled based on a user’s role.
A constrained RBAC model provides for separation of duty and as a result, provides greater security than the hierarchical RBAC model. Essentially, a constrained model puts some limitations around each role’s permissions to allow you to partition of tasks. However, some inheritance is possible. Default command permissions are based on CLI mode (such as configure, interface, router), any specific command settings, and the permissions allowed by the privilege and role commands.
line console 0 login authentication test authorization exec test exec-timeout 0 0 line vty 0 login authentication test authorization exec test line vty 1 login authentication test authorization exec test To enable role-based only AAA authorization, enter the following command in Configuration mode: DellEMC(conf)#aaa authorization role-only System-Defined RBAC User Roles By default, the Dell EMC Networking OS provides 4 system defined user roles. You can create up to 8 additional user roles.
Important Points to Remember Consider the following when creating a user role: ● Only the system administrator and user-defined roles inherited from the system administrator can create roles and user names. Only the system administrator, security administrator, and roles inherited from these can use the "role" command to modify command permissions. The security administrator and roles inherited by security administrator can only modify permissions for commands they already have access to.
line route-map router Line Configuration mode Route map configuration mode Router configuration mode Examples: Deny Network Administrator from Using the show users Command. The following example denies the netadmin role from using the show users command and then verifies that netadmin cannot access the show users command in exec mode. Note that the netadmin role is not listed in the Role access: secadmin,sysadmin, which means the netadmin cannot access the show users command.
DellEMC(conf)#do show role mode configure line Role access:sysadmin Example: Grant and Remove Security Administrator Access to Configure Protocols By default, the system defined role, secadmin, is not allowed to configure protocols. The following example first grants the secadmin role to configure protocols and then removes access to configure protocols.
Configure AAA Authentication for Roles Authentication services verify the user ID and password combination. Users with defined roles and users with privileges are authenticated with the same mechanism. There are six methods available for authentication: radius, tacacs+, local, enable, line, and none. When role-based only AAA authorization is enabled, the enable, line, and none methods are not available.
NOTE: Note that the methods were not applied to the console so the default methods (if configured) are applied there.
The following section shows you how to create an AV pair to allow a user to login from a network access server to have access to commands based on the user’s role. The format to create an AV pair for a user role is Force10avpair= ”shell:role=“ where user-role is a user defined or system-defined role. In the following example, you create an AV pair for a system-defined role, sysadmin. Force10-avpair= "shell:role=sysadmin" In the following example, you create an AV pair for a user-defined role.
Task ID 1, EXEC Accounting record, 00:00:30 Elapsed, service=shell Active accounted actions on tty3, User admin Priv 15 Role sysadmin Task ID 2, EXEC Accounting record, 00:00:26 Elapsed, service=shell Display Information About User Roles This section describes how to display information about user roles and consists of the following topics: ● Displaying User Roles ● Displaying Information About Roles Logged into the Switch ● Displaying Active Accounting Sessions for Roles Displaying User Roles To display
Displaying Information About Users Logged into the Switch To display information on all users logged into the switch, using the show users command in EXEC Privilege mode. The output displays privilege level and/or user role. The mode is displayed at the start of the output and both the privilege and roles for all users is also displayed. If the role is not defined, the system displays "unassigned" .
show ip ssh DellEMC# show ip ssh SSH server : enabled. SSH server version : v2. SSH server vrf : default. SSH server ciphers : aes256-ctr,aes256-cbc,aes192-ctr,aes192-cbc,aes128ctr,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc. SSH server macs : hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha1,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5,hmac-md5-96. SSH server kex algorithms : diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1. Password Authentication : enabled. Hostbased Authentication : disabled. RSA Authentication : disabled.
Table 103. Suppressed ICMP message types (continued) ICMPv4 message types Time exceeded (11) IP header bad (12) Timestamp request (13) Timestamp reply (14) Information request (15) Information reply (16) Address mask request (17) Address mask reply (18) NOTE: The Dell EMC Networking OS does not suppress the ICMP message type echo request (8). Table 104.
Dell EMC Networking OS Security Hardening The security of a network consists of multiple factors. Apart from access to the device, best practices, and implementing various security features, security also lies with the integrity of the device. If the software itself is compromised, all of the aforementioned methods become ineffective. The Dell EMC Networking OS is enhanced verify whether the OS image and the startup configuration file are altered before loading.
● Use the following command to upgrade the Dell EMC Networking OS and enter the hash value when prompted. EXEC Privilege upgrade system DellEMC# upgrade system tftp://10.16.127.35/FTOS-SE-9.11.0.1 A: Hash Value: e42e2548783c2d5db239ea2fa9de4232 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!... Startup Configuration Verification Dell EMC Networking OS comes with startup configuration verification feature.
After enabling and configuring startup configuration verification, the device verifies the hash checksum of the startup configuration during every reload. DellEMC# verified boot hash startup—config 619A8C1B7A2BC9692A221E2151B9DA9E Configuring the root User Password For added security, you can change the root user password. If you configure the secure-cli command on the system, the Dell EMC Networking OS resets any previously-configured root access password without displaying any warning message.
If you enable the boot access password, the system prompts for a password when you access the GRUB interface. DellEMC(conf)#boot-access password 7 Hg$7^5HMoiY% *********************************************************************** * Warning - boot-access password will enable password protection in * * GRUB. Keep it safe. Forgetting this password and the CLI password * * may result in switch becoming inaccessible.
48 Service Provider Bridging Service provider bridging provides the ability to add a second VLAN ID tag in an Ethernet frame and is referred to as VLAN stacking in the Dell EMC Networking OS. Topics: • • • • • VLAN Stacking VLAN Stacking Packet Drop Precedence Dynamic Mode CoS for VLAN Stacking Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Provider Backbone Bridging VLAN Stacking VLAN stacking, also called Q-in-Q, is defined in IEEE 802.1ad — Provider Bridges, which is an amendment to IEEE 802.
Figure 114. VLAN Stacking in a Service Provider Network Important Points to Remember ● Interfaces that are members of the Default VLAN and are configured as VLAN-Stack access or trunk ports do not switch untagged traffic. To switch traffic, add these interfaces to a non-default VLAN-Stack-enabled VLAN. ● Dell EMC Networking cautions against using the same MAC address on different customer VLANs, on the same VLAN-Stack VLAN.
Related Configuration Tasks ● ● ● ● Configuring the Protocol Type Value for the Outer VLAN Tag Configuring Dell EMC Networking OS Options for Trunk Ports Debugging VLAN Stacking VLAN Stacking in Multi-Vendor Networks Creating Access and Trunk Ports To create access and trunk ports, use the following commands. ● Access port — a port on the service provider edge that directly connects to the customer. An access port may belong to only one service provider VLAN.
2 3 4 5 6 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Active DellEMC# M Po1(Te 1/2/1-1/3/3) M Te 3/13/1 Configuring the Protocol Type Value for the Outer VLAN Tag The tag protocol identifier (TPID) field of the S-Tag is user-configurable. To set the S-Tag TPID, use the following command. ● Select a value for the S-Tag TPID. CONFIGURATION mode vlan-stack protocol-type The default is 9100. To display the S-Tag TPID for a VLAN, use the show running-config command from EXEC privilege mode.
NUM * 1 100 101 103 Status Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Description Q Ports U Te 1/1/1 T Te 1/1/1 M Te 1/1/1 Debugging VLAN Stacking To debug VLAN stacking, use the following command. ● Debug the internal state and membership of a VLAN and its ports. debug member The port notations are as follows: ● MT — stacked trunk ● MU — stacked access port ● T — 802.1Q trunk port ● U — 802.
Therefore, a mismatched TPID results in the port not differentiating between tagged and untagged traffic. Figure 115.
Figure 116.
Figure 117. Single and Double-Tag TPID Mismatch VLAN Stacking Packet Drop Precedence VLAN stacking packet-drop precedence is supported on the switch. The drop eligible indicator (DEI) bit in the S-Tag indicates to a service provider bridge which packets it should prefer to drop when congested. Enabling Drop Eligibility Enable drop eligibility globally before you can honor or mark the DEI value. When you enable drop eligibility, DEI mapping or marking takes place according to the defaults.
Table 105. Drop Eligibility Behavior (continued) Ingress Egress DEI Disabled DEI Enabled Trunk Port Trunk Port Retain inner tag CFI Retain inner tag CFI. Retain outer tag CFI Set outer tag CFI to 0. Retain inner tag CFI Retain inner tag CFI Set outer tag CFI to 0 Set outer tag CFI to 0 Access Port Trunk Port To enable drop eligibility globally, use the following command. ● Make packets eligible for dropping based on their DEI value.
To display the DEI-marking configuration, use the show interface dei-mark [interface slot/port/subport ] in EXEC Privilege mode. DellEMC#show interface dei-mark Default CFI/DEI Marking: 0 Interface Drop precedence CFI/DEI -------------------------------Te 1/1/1 Green 0 Te 1/1/1 Yellow 1 Te 2/9/1 Yellow 0 Te 2/10/1 Yellow 0 Dynamic Mode CoS for VLAN Stacking One of the ways to ensure quality of service for customer VLAN-tagged frames is to use the 802.
Examples of QoS Interface Configuration and Rate Policing policy-map-input in layer2 service-queue 3 class-map a qos-policy 3 ! class-map match-any a layer2 match mac access-group a ! mac access-list standard a seq 5 permit any ! qos-policy-input 3 layer2 rate-police 40 Likewise, in the following configuration, packets with dot1p priority 0–3 are marked as dot1p 7 in the outer tag and queued to Queue 3. Rate policing is according to qos-policy-input 3.
NOTE: Because dot1p-mapping marks and queues packets, the only remaining applicable QoS configuration is rate metering. You may use Rate Shaping or Rate Policing. Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Spanning tree bridge protocol data units (BPDUs) use a reserved destination MAC address called the bridge group address, which is 01-80-C2-00-00-00. Only spanning-tree bridges on the local area network (LAN) recognize this address and process the BPDU.
Dell EMC Networking OS Behavior: In Dell EMC Networking OS versions prior to 8.2.1.0, the MAC address that Dell EMC Networking systems use to overwrite the Bridge Group Address on ingress was non-configurable. The value of the L2PT MAC address was the Dell EMC Networking-unique MAC address, 01-01-e8-00-00-00.
show cam-profile 2. Enable protocol tunneling globally on the system. CONFIGURATION mode protocol-tunnel enable 3. Tunnel BPDUs the VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode protocol-tunnel stp Specifying a Destination MAC Address for BPDUs By default, Dell EMC Networking OS uses a Dell EMC Networking-unique MAC address for tunneling BPDUs. You can configure another value. To specify a destination MAC address for BPDUs, use the following command.
Provider Backbone Bridging IEEE 802.1ad—Provider Bridges amends 802.1Q—Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks so that service providers can use 802.1Q architecture to offer separate VLANs to customers with no coordination between customers, and minimal coordination between customers and the provider. 802.
49 sFlow sFlow is a standard-based sampling technology embedded within switches and routers which is used to monitor network traffic. It is designed to provide traffic monitoring for high-speed networks with many switches and routers.
● If the global sampling rate is non-default, for example 256, and if the sampling rate is not configured on the interface, the sampling rate of the interface is the global non-default sampling rate, that is, 256. To avoid the back-off, either increase the global sampling rate or configure all the line card ports with the desired sampling rate even if some ports have no sFlow configured.
If you did not enable any extended information, the show output displays the following (shown in bold). DellEMC#show sflow sFlow services are disabled Global default sampling rate: 32768 Global default counter polling interval: 20 Global extended information enabled: none 0 collectors configured 0 UDP packets exported 0 UDP packets dropped 0 sFlow samples collected 0 sFlow samples dropped due to sub-sampling Enabling and Disabling sFlow on an Interface By default, sFlow is disabled on all interfaces.
Example of viewing the sflow max-header-size extended on an Interface Mode DellEMC#show sflow interface tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 Te 1/1/1 sFlow type :Ingress Configured sampling rate :16384 Actual sampling rate :16384 Counter polling interval :20 Extended max header size :256 Samples rcvd from h/w :0 Example of the show running-config sflow Command DellEMC#show running-config sflow ! sflow collector 100.1.1.12 agent-addr 100.1.1.
Displaying Show sFlow on an Interface To view sFlow information on a specific interface, use the following command. ● Display sFlow configuration information and statistics on a specific interface. EXEC mode show sflow interface interface-name The following example shows the show sflow interface command.
Changing the Polling Intervals The sflow polling-interval command configures the polling interval for an interface in the maximum number of seconds between successive samples of counters sent to the collector. This command changes the global default counter polling (20 seconds) interval. You can configure an interface to use a different polling interval. To configure the polling intervals globally (in CONFIGURATION mode) or by interface (in INTERFACE mode), use the following command.
The bold line shows that extended sflow setting is enabled for extended switch. DellEMC#show sflow sFlow services are enabled Egress Management Interface sFlow services are disabled Global default sampling rate: 32768 Global default counter polling interval: 20 Global default extended maximum header size: 128 bytes Global extended information enabled: switch 1 collectors configured Collector IP addr: 100.1.1.1, Agent IP addr: 1.1.1.
Table 106. Extended Gateway Summary (continued) IP SA IP DA srcAS and srcPeerAS dstAS and dstPeerAS Description Version 7.8.1.0 allows extended gateway information in cases where the source and destination IP addresses are learned by different routing protocols, and for cases where is source is reachable over ECMP. BGP 830 BGP sFlow Exported Exported Extended gateway data is packed.
50 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is designed to manage devices on IP networks by monitoring device operation, which might require administrator intervention. NOTE: On Dell EMC Networking routers, standard and private SNMP management information bases (MIBs) are supported, including all Get and a limited number of Set operations (such as set vlan and copy cmd).
Protocol Overview Network management stations use SNMP to retrieve or alter management data from network elements. A datum of management information is called a managed object; the value of a managed object can be static or variable. Network elements store managed objects in a database called a management information base (MIB). MIBs are hierarchically structured and use object identifiers to address managed objects, but managed objects also have a textual name called an object descriptor.
You cannot modify the FIPS mode if SNMPv3 users are already configured and present in the system. An error message is displayed if you attempt to change the FIPS mode by using the fips mode enable command in Global Configuration mode. You can enable or disable FIPS mode only if SNMPv3 users are not previously set up. If previously configured users exist on the system, you must delete the existing users before you change the FIPS mode.
SNMP version 3 (SNMPv3) is a user-based security model that provides password authentication for user security and encryption for data security and privacy. Three sets of configurations are available for SNMP read/write operations: no password or privacy, password privileges, password and privacy privileges. You can configure a maximum of 16 users even if they are in different groups.
CONFIGURATION mode snmp-server user name group-name 3 noauth auth md5 auth-password ● Configure an SNMP group (password privileges only). CONFIGURATION mode snmp-server group groupname {oid-tree} auth read name write name ● Configure an SNMPv3 view. CONFIGURATION mode snmp-server view view-name 3 noauth {included | excluded} NOTE: To give a user read and write privileges, repeat this step for each privilege type. ● Configure an SNMP group (with password or privacy privileges).
snmpwalk -v version -c community agent-ip {identifier.instance | descriptor.instance} In the following example, the value “4” displays in the OID before the IP address for IPv4. For an IPv6 IP address, a value of “16” displays. > snmpget -v 2c -c mycommunity 10.11.131.161 sysUpTime.0 DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (32852616) 3 days, 19:15:26.16 > snmpget -v 2c -c mycommunity 10.11.131.161 .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 The following example shows reading the value of the next managed object.
You may use up to 55 characters. The default is None. ● (From a management station) Identify the system manager along with this person’s contact information (for example, an email address or phone number). CONFIGURATION mode snmpset -v version -c community agent-ip sysContact.0 s “contact-info” You may use up to 55 characters. The default is None. ● (From a management station) Identify the physical location of the system (for example, San Jose, 350 Holger Way, 1st floor lab, rack A1-1).
snmp linkdown snmp linkup PORT_LINKDN:changed interface state to down:%d PORT_LINKUP:changed interface state to up:%d Enabling a Subset of SNMP Traps You can enable a subset of Dell EMC Networking enterprise-specific SNMP traps using one of the following listed command options. To enable a subset of Dell EMC Networking enterprise-specific SNMP traps, use the following command. ● Enable a subset of SNMP traps.
FAN_BAD: Minor alarm: some fans in fan tray %d are down FAN_OK: Minor alarm cleared: all fans in fan tray %d are good vlt Enable VLT traps. vrrp Enable VRRP state change traps xstp %SPANMGR-5-STP_NEW_ROOT: New Spanning Tree Root, Bridge ID Priority 32768, Address 0001.e801.fc35. %SPANMGR-5-STP_TOPOLOGY_CHANGE: Bridge port TenGigabitEthernet 1/8/1 transitioned from Forwarding to Blocking state. %SPANMGR-5-MSTP_NEW_ROOT_BRIDGE: Elected root bridge for instance 0.
MINOR_SFM_CLR: Minor alarm cleared: Working standby SFM present TASK SUSPENDED: SUSPENDED - svce:%d - inst:%d - task:%s RPM0-P:CP %CHMGR-2-CARD_PARITY_ERR ABNORMAL_TASK_TERMINATION: CRASH - task:%s %s CPU_THRESHOLD: Cpu %s usage above threshold. Cpu5SecUsage (%d) CPU_THRESHOLD_CLR: Cpu %s usage drops below threshold. Cpu5SecUsage (%d) MEM_THRESHOLD: Memory %s usage above threshold. MemUsage (%d) MEM_THRESHOLD_CLR: Memory %s usage drops below threshold.
SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.47.2.0.1, SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.6.1.1.2.0 = INTEGER: 6 Trap SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (1489568) 4:08:15.68,SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.47.2.0.1, SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.6.1.1.2.
Following example shows the SNMP trap that is sent when connectivity to the syslog server is resumed: DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (10230) 0:01:42.30 SNMPv2MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID: SNMPv2SMI::enterprises.6027.3.30.1.1.2 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.30.1.1 = STRING: "REACHABLE: Syslog server 10.11.226.121 (port: 9140) is reachable"SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.6.1.1.2.
Table 109. MIB Objects for Copying Configuration Files via SNMP (continued) MIB Object copyDestFileLocation OID .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.5.1.1.1.1.6 Object Values Description 3 = startup-config startup-config, the default copyDestFileLocation is flash. ● If copyDestFileType is a binary, you must specify copyDestFileLocation and copyDestFileName. 1 = flash Specifies the location of destination file.
● index must be unique to all previously executed snmpset commands. If an index value has been used previously, a message like the following appears. In this case, increment the index value and enter the command again. Error in packet. Reason: notWritable (that object does not support modification) Failed object: FTOS-COPY-CONFIG-MIB::copySrcFileType.101 ● To complete the command, use as many MIB objects in the command as required by the MIB object descriptions shown in the previous table.
FTOS-COPY-CONFIG-MIB::copySrcFileType.7 = INTEGER: runningConfig(3) FTOS-COPY-CONFIG-MIB::copyDestFileType.7 = INTEGER: startupConfig(2) The following example shows how to copy configuration files from a UNIX machine using OID. >snmpset -c public -v 2c 10.11.131.162 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.5.1.1.1.1.2.8 i 3 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.5.1.1.1.1.5.8 i 2 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.5.1.1.1.1.2.8 = INTEGER: 3 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.5.1.1.1.1.5.
> snmpset -v 2c -c private -m ./f10-copy-config.mib 10.10.10.10 copySrcFileType.10 i 1 copySrcFileLocation.10 i 4 copyDestFileType.10 i 3 copySrcFileName.10 s /home/myfilename copyServerAddress.10 a 172.16.1.56 copyUserName.10 s mylogin copyUserPassword.10 s mypass Additional MIB Objects to View Copy Statistics Dell EMC Networking provides more MIB objects to view copy statistics, as shown in the following table. Table 110.
NOTE: In UNIX, enter the snmpset command for help using this command. The following examples show the command syntax using MIB object names and the same command using the object OIDs. In both cases, the same index number used in the snmpset command follows the object. The following command shows how to get a MIB object value using the object name. > snmpget -v 2c -c private -m ./f10-copy-config.mib 10.11.131.140 copyTimeCompleted.110 FTOS-COPY-CONFIG-MIB::copyTimeCompleted.
Table 112. MIB Objects to Display the Information for Power Monitoring MIB Object OID Description envMonSupplyCurrentPower 1.3.6.1.4.1.674.10895.3000.1.2.110.7.2.1.5 Displays per PSU input power (current configuration). envMonSupplyAveragePower 1.3.6.1.4.1.674.10895.3000.1.2.110.7.2.1.6 Displays average input power. envMonSupplyAvgStartTime 1.3.6.1.4.1.674.10895.3000.1.2.110.7.2.1.7 Displays average input-power start time. SNMP Walk Example Output snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 10.16.131.156 1.3.6.1.
MIB Support to Display the Software Core Files Generated by the System Dell EMC Networking provides MIB objects to display the software core files generated by the system. The chSysSwCoresTable contains the list of software core files generated by the system. The following table lists the related MIB objects. Table 114. MIB Objects for Displaying the Software Core Files Generated by the System MIB Object OID Description chSysSwCoresTable 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.10.1.2.
MIB Support to Display the Available Partitions on Flash Dell EMC Networking provides MIB objects to display the information of various partitions such as /flash, /tmp, /usr/ pkg, and /f10/ConfD. The dellNetFlashStorageTable table contains the list of all partitions on disk. The following table lists the related MIB objects: Table 115. MIB Objects to Display the Available Partitions on Flash MIB Object OID Description dellNetFlashPartitionNumber 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.1 Index for the table.
.1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.4.2 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.4.3 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.4.4 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.4.5 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.5.1 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.5.2 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.5.3 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.5.4 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.5.5 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.6.1 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.6.2 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.6.3 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.6.4 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.6.
SNMPv2SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.8.1.1.4.10.1.1.2.32.1.4.127.0.0.1.1.4.127.0.0.1 = INTEGER: 0 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.8.1.1.4.20.1.1.0.24.0.0.0.0 = INTEGER: 1258296320 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.8.1.1.4.20.1.1.1.32.1.4.20.1.1.1.1.4.20.1.1.1 = INTEGER: 1258296320 SNMPv2SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.8.1.1.4.20.1.1.2.32.1.4.127.0.0.1.1.4.127.0.0.1 = INTEGER: 0 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.8.1.1.4.30.1.1.0.24.0.0.0.0 = INTEGER: 1275078656 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.
SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.9.1.1.4.80.80.80.0.24.1.4.10.1.1.1.1.4.10.1.1.1 = HexSTRING: 4C 76 25 F4 AB 02 SNMPv2SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.9.1.1.4.80.80.80.0.24.1.4.20.1.1.1.1.4.20.1.1.1 = HexSTRING: 4C 76 25 F4 AB 02 SNMPv2SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.9.1.1.4.80.80.80.0.24.1.4.30.1.1.1.1.4.30.1.1.1 = HexSTRING: 4C 76 25 F4 AB 02 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.9.1.1.4.90.90.90.0.24.0.0.0.0 = "" SNMPv2SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.9.1.1.4.90.90.90.1.32.1.4.127.0.0.1.1.4.127.0.0.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.11.1.1.4.10.1.1.0.24.0.0.0.0 = Gauge32: 0 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.11.1.1.4.10.1.1.1.32.1.4.10.1.1.1.1.4.10.1.1.1 = Gauge32: 0 SNMPv2SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.11.1.1.4.10.1.1.2.32.1.4.127.0.0.1.1.4.127.0.0.1 = Gauge32: 0 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.11.1.1.4.20.1.1.0.24.0.0.0.0 = Gauge32: 0 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.11.1.1.4.20.1.1.1.32.1.4.20.1.1.1.1.4.20.1.1.1 = Gauge32: 0 SNMPv2SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.11.1.1.4.20.1.
Table 118. MIB Objects for entAliasMappingTable (continued) MIB Object OID Description entAliasMappingEntry 1.3.6.1.2.1.47.1.3.2.1 Contains information about a particular logical entity. entAliasLogicalIndexOrZero 1.3.6.1.2.1.47.1.3.2.1.1 Contains a non–zero value and identifies the logical entity named by the same value of entLogicalIndex. entAliasMappingIdentifier 1.3.6.1.2.1.47.1.3.2.1.
Table 119. MIB Objects for Displaying the Details of FCS Error Ratio (continued) MIB Object OID Description dellNetFpIngPortBitMapZeroDrops 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.8 Port bitmap zero drop condition. dellNetFpIngRxVLANDrops 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.9 Rx VLAN drop condition. dellNetFpIngressFCSDrops 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.10 Ingress FCS Drops. dellNetFpIngressMTUExceeds 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.11 Ingress MTUExceeds. dellNetFpMMUHOLDrops 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.28.1049860 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.28.1049988 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.28.1050116 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.28.1050244 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.28.1050372 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.28.1050500 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.28.1050629 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.28.1051141 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.28.1051653 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.28.
Table 120. MIB Objects for LAG (continued) MIB Object OID Description dot3adAggEntry 1.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1 Contains a list of Aggregator parameters and indexed by the ifIndex of the Aggregator. dot3adAggMACAddress 1.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.1 Contains a six octet read–only value carrying the individual MAC address assigned to the Aggregator. dot3adAggActorSystemPriority 1.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.
● To view the LAG MIB generated by the system, use the following command. snmpbulkget -v 2c -c LagMIB 10.16.148.157 1.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.1 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.1.1258356224 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.1.1258356736 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.2.1258356224 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.2.1258356736 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.3.1258356224 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.3.1258356736 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.4.1258356224 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.4.1258356736 iso.2.840.
iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.3.1.2.0.4209668.6.9 = STRING: "Dell" iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.3.1.2.0.4209668.6.10 = STRING: "Dell" snmpget -v2c -c public 10.16.150.83 1.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.3.1.2.0.4209668.6.9 iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.3.1.2.0.4209668.6.9 = STRING: "Dell" MIB Support to Display Organizational Specific Unrecognized LLDP TLVs The lldpRemOrgDefInfoTable contains organizationally defined information that is not recognized by the local neighbor. The following table lists the related MIB objects: Table 122.
MIB support for Port Security Dell EMC Networking OS provides MIB objects to enable or disable port security feature on the physical and port channel interfaces. The port security DELL-NETWORKING-PORT-SECURITY-MIB object contains both the global and interface level MIB objects. Global MIB objects for port security This section describes about the scalar MIB objects of the global MIB dellNetPortSecGlobalObjects. The following table shows the scalar global MIB objects for port security. Table 123.
Table 124. Interface level MIB Objects for Port Security (continued) MIB Object OID Access or Permission Description dellNetPortSecIfStationMove Enable 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.31.1.2.1.1.5 read-write Enable or disable station movement on the dynamically secured MAC addresses learnt on the interface. dellNetPortSecIfSecureMacVi olationAction 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.31.1.2.1.1.6 read-write Determines the action to be taken when MAC limit violation occurs in the system.
MAC addresses cannot be retrieved using dellNetPortSecSecureStaticMacAddrTable and dellNetPortSecSecureMacAddrTable. These tables are valid only if port security feature is enabled globally in the system. Table 125. MIB Objects for configuring MAC addresses MIB Object OID Access or Permission Description dellNetPortSecIfSecureStatic MacRowStatus 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.31.1.2.2.1.4 read-write Allows adding or deleting entries to or from the table dellNetPortSecSecureStaticM acAddrTable.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.31.1.3.1.1.4.6.0.0.0.0.17.17.10 = INTEGER: 1 MIB Support for PFC Storm Control Dell EMC Networking provides MIB objects to display the information for PFC Storm Control. The OIDs specific to PFC Storm Control are appended to the dellNetFpStatsMib. These statistics can also be obtained by using the CLI commands: show storm-control pfc status stack-unit <> port-set <> and show storm-control pfc statistics stack-unit <> port-set <> .
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.2.2097413.5 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.2.2097413.6 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.2.2097669.5 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.2.2097669.6 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.2.2097925.5 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.2.2097925.6 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.3.2097157.5 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.3.2097157.6 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.3.2097413.
Table 128. MIB Objects to Display the Information for PFC no-drop-priority L2Dlf Drop MIB Object OID Description dellNetFpPfcL2DlfDropCounterTable 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.22 Table to show the drop counters of pfcnodrop-priority l2-dlf drop. dellNetFpPfcL2DlfDropCounterEntry 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.22.1 Table entry to show the drop counters of pfc-nodrop-priority l2-dlf drop. dellNetFpPfcL2DlfDropCounters 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.22.1.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.3.1.1.3 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.3.1.1.4 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.4.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.4.1.1.2 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.4.1.1.3 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.4.1.1.4 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.5.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.5.1.1.2 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.5.1.1.3 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.5.1.1.
● To add an untagged port to a VLAN, write the port to the dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts and dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts objects. NOTE: Whether adding a tagged or untagged port, specify values for both dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts and dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts. Example of Adding an Untagged Port to a VLAN using SNMP In the following example, Port 0/2 is added as an untagged member of VLAN 10. >snmpset -v2c -c mycommunity 10.11.131.185 .1.3.6.1.2.1.17.7.1.4.3.1.2.
The following OIDs are configurable through the snmpset command. The node OID is 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.18 F10-ISIS-MIB::f10IsisSysOloadSetOverload F10-ISIS-MIB::f10IsisSysOloadSetOloadOnStartupUntil F10-ISIS-MIB::f10IsisSysOloadWaitForBgp F10-ISIS-MIB::f10IsisSysOloadV6SetOverload F10-ISIS-MIB::f10IsisSysOloadV6SetOloadOnStartupUntil F10-ISIS-MIB::f10IsisSysOloadV6WaitForBgp To enable overload bit for IPv4 set 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.18.1.1 and IPv6 set 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.18.1.4 To set time to wait set 1.3.6.1.4.1.
Table 130. MIB Objects for Fetching Dynamic MAC Entries in the Forwarding Database (continued) MIB Object OID MIB Description dot1qTpFdbTable .1.3.6.1.2.1.17.7.1.2. 2 Q-BRIDGE MIB List the learned unicast MAC addresses on non-default VLANs. dot3aCurAggFdb Table .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.2. 1.1.5 F10-LINK-AGGREGATION MIB List the learned MAC addresses of aggregated links (LAG).
Example of Deriving the Interface Index Number If you know the interface index, use the following commands to find the interface number. DellEMC ~ $ snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 10.16.206.127 .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2 | grep 2097156 IF-MIB::ifDescr.2097156 = STRING: TenGigabitEthernet 1/1 DellEMC ~ $ snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 10.16.206.127 .1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1 | grep 2097156 IF-MIB::ifName.2097156 = STRING: TenGigabitEthernet 1/1 You can use the show interfaces command to view the interface index.
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● router bgp 100 address-family ipv4 vrf vrf1 snmp context context1 neighbor 20.1.1.1 remote-as 200 neighbor 20.1.1.1 no shutdown exit-address-family address-family ipv4 vrf vrf2 snmp context context2 timers bgp 30 90 neighbor 30.1.1.1 remote-as 200 neighbor 30.1.1.1 no shutdown exit-address-family To map the context to a VRF instance for SNMPv3, follow these steps: 1. Create a community and map a VRF to it. Create a context and map the context and community, to a community map.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.2.1.1.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.2.1.2.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.2.1.3.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.2.1.4.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.2.1.5.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.3.1.1.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.3.1.2.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.
to down: Te 1/1/1" 2010-02-10 14:22:39 10.16.130.4 [10.16.130.4]: SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (8500842) 23:36:48.42 SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID: IF-MIB::linkDown IF-MIB::ifIndex.1107755009 = INTEGER: 1107755009 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.1.1.4.1.2 = STRING: "OSTATE_DN: Changed interface state to down: Po 1" 2010-02-10 14:22:40 10.16.130.4 [10.16.130.4]: SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (8500932) 23:36:49.32 SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID: IF-MIB::linkUp IF-MIB::ifIndex.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.17.2113540 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.18.2113540 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.19.2113540 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.20.2113540 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.21.2113540 = = = = = STRING: "3.286000" STRING: "7.530000" "" "" "" Table 132. SNMP OIDs for Transceiver Monitoring Field (OID) Description SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.1 Device Name SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.
router-id 10.10.10.
51 Storm Control Storm control allows you to control unknown-unicast, muticast, and broadcast traffic on Layer 2 and Layer 3 physical interfaces. Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS) Behavior: Dell EMC Networking OS supports unknown-unicast, muticast, and broadcast control for Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic. To view the storm control broadcast configuration show storm-control broadcast | multicast | unknownunicast | pfc-llfc[interface] command.
INTERFACE mode storm-control multicast packets_per_second in ● Shut down the port if it receives the PFC/LLFC packets more than the configured rate. INTERFACE mode storm-control pfc-llfc pps in shutdown NOTE: PFC/LLFC storm control enabled interface disables the interfaces if it receives continuous PFC/LLFC packets. It can be a result of a faulty NIC/Switch that sends spurious PFC/LLFC packets.
● Use the xoff-state threshold polling-count {number of polling-interval} command to set the number of times the polling should be done. If the traffic and the egress counter remain the same after the subsequent polling, then the corresponding port or priority is detected to have PFC storm. ● Once PFC storm is detected on an interface, you can use the storm-control pfc in queue-drop command on the interface to drop the ingress packets.
Te 0/3 Te 0/4 Te 0/5 Te 0/80 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 DellEMC# 880 Storm Control 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
52 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) The spanning tree protocol (STP) is supported on Dell EMC Networking OS.
Related Configuration Tasks ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Adding an Interface to the Spanning Tree Group Modifying Global Parameters Modifying Interface STP Parameters Enabling PortFast Prevent Network Disruptions with BPDU Guard STP Root Guard Enabling SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes Configuring Spanning Trees as Hitless Important Points to Remember ● STP is disabled by default. ● The Dell EMC Networking OS supports only one spanning tree instance (0).
Configuring Interfaces for Layer 2 Mode All interfaces on all switches that participate in spanning tree must be in Layer 2 mode and enabled. Figure 121. Example of Configuring Interfaces for Layer 2 Mode To configure and enable the interfaces for Layer 2, use the following command. 1. If the interface has been assigned an IP address, remove it. INTERFACE mode no ip address 2. Place the interface in Layer 2 mode. INTERFACE switchport 3. Enable the interface.
no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# Enabling Spanning Tree Protocol Globally Enable the spanning tree protocol globally; it is not enabled by default. When you enable STP, all physical, VLAN, and port-channel interfaces that are enabled and in Layer 2 mode are automatically part of the Spanning Tree topology. ● Only one path from any bridge to any other bridge participating in STP is enabled. ● Bridges block a redundant path by disabling one of the link ports. Figure 122.
To view the spanning tree configuration and the interfaces that are participating in STP, use the show spanning-tree 0 command from EXEC privilege mode. If a physical interface is part of a port channel, only the port channel is listed in the command output. R2#show spanning-tree 0 Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 0001.e826.ddb7 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Current root has priority 32768, address 0001.e80d.
Modifying Global Parameters You can modify the spanning tree parameters. The root bridge sets the values for forward-delay, hello-time, and max-age and overwrites the values set on other bridges participating in STP. NOTE: Dell EMC Networking recommends that only experienced network administrators change the spanning tree parameters. Poorly planned modification of the spanning tree parameters can negatively affect network performance. The following table displays the default values for STP. Table 134.
Modifying Interface STP Parameters You can set the port cost and port priority values of interfaces in Layer 2 mode. ● Port cost — a value that is based on the interface type. The greater the port cost, the less likely the port is selected to be a forwarding port. ● Port priority — influences the likelihood that a port is selected to be a forwarding port in case that several ports have the same port cost. The default values are listed in Modifying Global Parameters.
Prevent Network Disruptions with BPDU Guard Configure the Portfast (and Edgeport, in the case of RSTP, PVST+, and MSTP) feature on ports that connect to end stations. End stations do not generate BPDUs, so ports configured with Portfast/ Edgport (edgeports) do not expect to receive BDPUs. If an edgeport does receive a BPDU, it likely means that it is connected to another part of the network, which can negatively affect the STP topology.
Figure 123. Enabling BPDU Guard Dell EMC Networking OS Behavior BPDU guard: ● is used on edgeports and blocks all traffic on edgeport if it receives a BPDU. ● drops the BPDU after it reaches the RP and generates a console message. Example of Blocked BPDUs DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/7/1)#do show spanning-tree rstp brief Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Root ID Priority 32768, Address 0001.e805.fb07 Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Bridge ID Priority 32768, Address 0001.e85d.
Selecting STP Root The STP determines the root bridge, but you can assign one bridge a lower priority to increase the likelihood that it becomes the root bridge. You can also specify that a bridge is the root or the secondary root. To change the bridge priority or specify that a bridge is the root or secondary root, use the following command. ● Assign a number as the bridge priority or designate it as the root or secondary root.
Figure 124. STP Root Guard Prevents Bridging Loops Configuring Root Guard Enable STP root guard on a per-port or per-port-channel basis. Dell EMC Networking OS Behavior: The following conditions apply to a port enabled with STP root guard: ● Root guard is supported on any STP-enabled port or port-channel interface except when used as a stacking port.
To verify the STP root guard configuration on a port or port-channel interface, use the show spanning-tree 0 guard [interface interface] command in a global configuration mode. Enabling SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes To enable SNMP traps individually or collectively, use the following commands. ● Enable SNMP traps for spanning tree state changes. snmp-server enable traps stp ● Enable SNMP traps for RSTP, MSTP, and PVST+ collectively.
Figure 125. STP Loop Guard Prevents Forwarding Loops Configuring Loop Guard Enable STP loop guard on a per-port or per-port channel basis. The following conditions apply to a port enabled with loop guard: ● Loop guard is supported on any STP-enabled port or port-channel interface.
● When used in a PVST+ network, STP loop guard is performed per-port or per-port channel at a VLAN level. If no BPDUs are received on a VLAN interface, the port or port-channel transitions to a Loop-Inconsistent (Blocking) state only for this VLAN. To enable a loop guard on an STP-enabled port or port-channel interface, use the following command. ● Enable loop guard on a port or port-channel interface.
53 SupportAssist SupportAssist sends troubleshooting data securely to Dell. SupportAssist in this Dell EMC Networking OS release does not support automated email notification at the time of hardware fault alert, automatic case creation, automatic part dispatch, or reports. SupportAssist requires Dell EMC Networking OS 9.9(0.0) and SmartScripts 9.7 or later to be installed on the Dell EMC Networking device. For more information on SmartScripts, see Dell EMC Networking Open Automation guide. Figure 126.
Enable the SupportAssist service. CONFIGURATION mode support-assist activate DellEMC(conf)#support-assist activate This command guides you through steps to configure SupportAssist. Configuring SupportAssist Manually To manually configure SupportAssist service, use the following commands. 1. Accept the end-user license agreement (EULA). CONFIGURATION mode eula-consent {support-assist} {accept | reject} NOTE: Once accepted, you do not have to accept the EULA again.
support-assist DellEMC(conf)#support-assist DellEMC(conf-supportassist)# 3. (Optional) Configure the contact information for the company. SUPPORTASSIST mode contact-company name {company-name}[company-next-name] ... [company-next-name] DellEMC(conf)#support-assist DellEMC(conf-supportassist)#contact-company name test DellEMC(conf-supportassist-cmpy-test)# 4. (Optional) Configure the contact name for an individual.
[no] activity {full-transfer|core-transfer|event-transfer} DellEMC(conf-supportassist)#activity full-transfer DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-full-transfer)# DellEMC(conf-supportassist)#activity core-transfer DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-core-transfer)# DellEMC(conf-supportassist)#activity event-transfer DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-event-transfer)# 2. Copy an action-manifest file for an activity to the system.
SUPPORTASSIST ACTIVITY mode [no] enable DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-full-transfer)#enable DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-full-transfer)# DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-core-transfer)#enable DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-core-transfer)# DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-event-transfer)#enable DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-event-transfer)# Configuring SupportAssist Company SupportAssist Company mode allows you to configure name, address and territory information of the company.
[no] contact-person [first ] last DellEMC(conf-supportassist)#contact-person first john last doe DellEMC(conf-supportassist-pers-john_doe)# 2. Configure the email addresses to reach the contact person. SUPPORTASSIST PERSON mode [no] email-address primary email-address [alternate email-address] DellEMC(conf-supportassist-pers-john_doe)#email-address primary jdoe@mycompany.com DellEMC(conf-supportassist-pers-john_doe)# 3. Configure phone numbers of the contact person.
[no] enable DellEMC(conf-supportassist-serv-default)#enable DellEMC(conf-supportassist-serv-default)# 4. Configure the URL to reach the SupportAssist remote server. SUPPORTASSIST SERVER mode [no] url uniform-resource-locator DellEMC(conf-supportassist-serv-default)#url https://192.168.1.1/index.htm DellEMC(conf-supportassist-serv-default)# Viewing SupportAssist Configuration To view the SupportAssist configurations, use the following commands: 1.
! server Dell enable url http://1.1.1.1:1337 DellEMC# 3. Display the EULA for the feature. EXEC Privilege mode show eula-consent {support-assist | other feature} DellEMC#show eula-consent support-assist SupportAssist EULA has been: Accepted Additional information about the SupportAssist EULA is as follows: By installing SupportAssist, you allow Dell to save your contact information (e.g.
54 System Time and Date System time and date settings and the network time protocol (NTP) are supported on Dell EMC Networking OS. You can set system times and dates and maintained through the NTP. They are also set through the Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS) command line interfaces (CLIs) and hardware settings. The Dell EMC Networking OS supports reaching an NTP server through different VRFs. You can configure a maximum of eight logging servers across different VRFs or the same VRF.
Protocol Overview The NTP messages to one or more servers and processes the replies as received. The server interchanges addresses and ports, fills in or overwrites certain fields in the message, recalculates the checksum, and returns it immediately. Information included in the NTP message allows each client/server peer to determine the timekeeping characteristics of its other peers, including the expected accuracies of their clocks.
To display the system clock state with respect to NTP, use the show ntp status command from EXEC Privilege mode. DellEMC#show ntp status Clock is synchronized, stratum 4, reference is 10.16.151.117, vrf-id is 0 frequency is -44.862 ppm, stability is 0.050 ppm, precision is -18 reference time deeef7ef.85eeaa10 Tue, Jul 10 2018 9:16:31.523 UTC clock offset is -0.167449 msec, root delay is 149.194 msec root dispersion is 54.557 msec, peer dispersion is 0.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ For For For For For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. a Loopback interface, enter the keyword loopback then a number from 0 to 16383. the Management interface, enter the keyword ManagementEthernet then the slot/port information. a port channel interface, enter the keywords port-channel then a number. a VLAN interface, enter the keyword vlan then a number from 1 to 4094.
5. Configure the switch as NTP master. CONFIGURATION mode ntp master To configure the switch as NTP Server use the ntp master command. stratum number identifies the NTP Server's hierarchy. The following example shows configuring an NTP server. Dell EMC(conf)#show running-config ntp ! ntp master ntp server 10.16.127.44 ntp server 10.16.127.86 ntp server 10.16.127.
● Transmit Timestamp — the departure time on the server of the current NTP message from the sender. ● Filter dispersion — the error in calculating the minimum delay from a set of sample data from a peer. To view the NTP configuration, use the show running-config ntp command in EXEC privilege mode. The following example shows an encrypted authentication key (in bold). All keys are encrypted. DellEMC#show running ntp ! ntp authenticate ntp authentication-key 345 md5 5A60910F3D211F02 ntp server 11.1.1.
Dell EMC Networking OS Time and Date You can set the time and date using the Dell EMC Networking OS CLI. Configuration Task List The following is a configuration task list for configuring the time and date settings.
configuration changed from "UTC 0 hrs 0 mins" to "Pacific -8 hrs 0 mins" DellEMC# Set Daylight Saving Time Dell EMC Networking OS supports setting the system to daylight saving time once or on a recurring basis every year. Setting Daylight Saving Time Once Set a date (and time zone) on which to convert the switch to daylight saving time on a one-time basis. To set the clock for daylight savings time once, use the following command. ● Set the clock to the appropriate timezone and daylight saving time.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ￭ first: Enter the keyword first to start daylight saving time in the first week of the month. ￭ last: Enter the keyword last to start daylight saving time in the last week of the month. start-month: Enter the name of one of the 12 months in English. You can enter the name of a day to change the order of the display to time day month year. start-day: Enter the number of the day. The range is from 1 to 31.
55 Tunneling Tunnel interfaces create a logical tunnel for IPv4 or IPv6 traffic. Tunneling supports RFC 2003, RFC 2473, and 4213. DSCP, hop-limits, flow label values, open shortest path first (OSPF) v2, and OSPFv3 are supported. Internet control message protocol (ICMP) error relay, PATH MTU transmission, and fragmented packets are not supported.
tunnel mode ipv6ip no shutdown The following sample configuration shows a tunnel configured in IPIP mode (IPv4 tunnel carries IPv4 and IPv6 traffic): DellEMC(conf)#interface tunnel 3 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-3)#tunnel source 5::5 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-3)#tunnel destination 8::9 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-3)#tunnel mode ipv6 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-3)#ip address 3.1.1.1/24 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-3)#ipv6 address 3::1/64 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-3)#no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-tu-3)#show config ! interface Tunnel 3 ip address 3.1.1.
The following sample configuration shows how to use the interface tunnel configuration commands. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 ip address 20.1.1.1/24 ipv6 address 20:1::1/64 no shutdown DellEMC(conf)#interface tunnel 1 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-1)#ip unnumbered tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-1)#ipv6 unnumbered tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-1)#tunnel source 40.1.1.
DellEMC(conf-if-tu-1)#no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-tu-1)#show config ! interface Tunnel 1 ip address 1.1.1.1/24 ipv6 address 1abd::1/64 tunnel source anylocal tunnel allow-remote 40.1.1.2 tunnel mode ipip decapsulate-any no shutdown Guidelines for Configuring Multipoint Receive-Only Tunnels ● You can configure up to eight remote end-points for a multipoint receive-only tunnel.
56 Uplink Failure Detection (UFD) Uplink failure detection (UFD) provides detection of the loss of upstream connectivity and, if used with network interface controller (NIC) teaming, automatic recovery from a failed link.
Figure 128. Uplink Failure Detection How Uplink Failure Detection Works UFD creates an association between upstream and downstream interfaces. The association of uplink and downlink interfaces is called an uplink-state group. An interface in an uplink-state group can be a physical interface or a port-channel (LAG) aggregation of physical interfaces. An enabled uplink-state group tracks the state of all assigned upstream interfaces.
Figure 129. Uplink Failure Detection Example If only one of the upstream interfaces in an uplink-state group goes down, a specified number of downstream ports associated with the upstream interface are put into a Link-Down state. You can configure this number and is calculated by the ratio of the upstream port bandwidth to the downstream port bandwidth in the same uplink-state group.
● If one of the upstream interfaces in an uplink-state group goes down, either a user-configurable set of downstream ports or all the downstream ports in the group are put in an Operationally Down state with an UFD Disabled error. The order in which downstream ports are disabled is from the lowest numbered port to the highest.
The default is auto-recovery of UFD-disabled downstream ports is enabled. To disable auto-recovery, use the no downstream auto-recover command. 5. (Optional) Enter a text description of the uplink-state group. UPLINK-STATE-GROUP mode description text The maximum length is 80 alphanumeric characters. 6. (Optional) Disable upstream-link tracking without deleting the uplink-state group. UPLINK-STATE-GROUP mode no enable The default is upstream-link tracking is automatically enabled in an uplink-state group.
02:38:31: %RPM0-P:CP %IFMGR-5-OSTATE_UP: Changed uplink state group state to up: Group 3 02:38:53: Fo 3/4 02:38:53: Fo 3/5 02:38:53: Fo 3/6 02:38:53: Fo 3/7 02:38:53: 02:38:53: 02:38:53: 02:38:53: %RPM0-P:CP %IFMGR-5-OSTATE_UP: Downstream interface cleared from UFD error-disabled: %RPM0-P:CP %IFMGR-5-OSTATE_UP: Downstream interface cleared from UFD error-disabled: %RPM0-P:CP %IFMGR-5-OSTATE_UP: Downstream interface cleared from UFD error-disabled: %RPM0-P:CP %IFMGR-5-OSTATE_UP: Downstream interface cleared
Upstream Interfaces : Te 1/6/1(Up) Te 1/7/1(Up) Downstream Interfaces : Te 3/1/1(Up) Te 3/3/1(Up) Te 3/5/1(Up) Te 3/6/1(Up) Uplink State Group : 5 Status: Enabled, Down Upstream Interfaces : Te 1/1/1(Dwn) Te 1/3/1(Dwn) Te 1/5/1(Dwn) Downstream Interfaces : Te 3/2/1(Dis) Te 3/4/1(Dis) Te 3/11/1(Dis) Te 3/12/1(Dis) Te 3/13/1(Dis) Te 3/14/1(Dis) Te 3/15/1(Dis) Uplink State Group : 6 Upstream Interfaces : Downstream Interfaces : Status: Enabled, Up Uplink State Group : 7 Upstream Interfaces : Downstream Inter
description test downstream disable links all downstream TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 upstream TenGigabitEthernet 1/22/1 upstream Port-channel 8 Sample Configuration: Uplink Failure Detection The following example shows a sample configuration of UFD on a switch/router in which you configure as follows. ● ● ● ● ● ● Configure uplink-state group 3. Add downstream links Tengigabitethernet 1/1/1, 1/2/1, 1/5/1, 1/9/1, 1/11/1, and 1/12/1. Configure two downstream links to be disabled if an upstream link fails.
57 Upgrade Procedures To find the upgrade procedures, go to the Dell EMC Networking OS Release Notes for your system type to see all the requirements needed to upgrade to the desired Dell EMC Networking OS version. To upgrade your system type, follow the procedures in the Dell EMC Networking OS Release Notes. You can download the release notes of your platform at https://www.force10networks.com. Use your login ID to log in to the website.
58 Virtual LANs (VLANs) Virtual LANs (VLANs) are a logical broadcast domain or logical grouping of interfaces in a local area network (LAN) in which all data received is kept locally and broadcast to all members of the group. When in Layer 2 mode, VLANs move traffic at wire speed and can span multiple devices. The system supports up to 4093 port-based VLANs and one default VLAN, as specified in IEEE 802.1Q.
NOTE: You cannot assign an IP address to the Default VLAN. To assign an IP address to a VLAN that is currently the Default VLAN, create another VLAN and assign it to be the Default VLAN. For more information about assigning IP addresses, refer to Assigning an IP Address to a VLAN. ● Untagged interfaces must be part of a VLAN. To remove an untagged interface from the Default VLAN, create another VLAN and place the interface into that VLAN.
● The VLAN protocol identifier identifies the frame as tagged according to the IEEE 802.1Q specifications (2 bytes). ● Tag control information (TCI) includes the VLAN ID (2 bytes total). The VLAN ID can have 4,096 values, but two are reserved. NOTE: The insertion of the tag header into the Ethernet frame increases the size of the frame to more than the 1,518 bytes as specified in the IEEE 802.3 standard. Some devices that are not compliant with IEEE 802.3 may not support the larger frame size.
Assigning Interfaces to a VLAN You can only assign interfaces in Layer 2 mode to a VLAN using the tagged and untagged commands. To place an interface in Layer 2 mode, use the switchport command. You can further designate these Layer 2 interfaces as tagged or untagged. For more information, see the Interfaces chapter and Configuring Layer 2 (Data Link) Mode.
When you remove a tagged interface from a VLAN (using the no tagged interface command), it remains tagged only if it is a tagged interface in another VLAN. If the tagged interface is removed from the only VLAN to which it belongs, the interface is placed in the Default VLAN as an untagged interface. Moving Untagged Interfaces To move untagged interfaces from the Default VLAN to another VLAN, use the following commands. 1. Access INTERFACE VLAN mode of the VLAN to which you want to assign the interface.
Assigning an IP Address to a VLAN VLANs are a Layer 2 feature. For two physical interfaces on different VLANs to communicate, you must assign an IP address to the VLANs to route traffic between the two interfaces. The shutdown command in INTERFACE mode does not affect Layer 2 traffic on the interface; the shutdown command only prevents Layer 3 traffic from traversing over the interface. NOTE: You cannot assign an IP address to the Default VLAN (VLAN 1).
Enabling Null VLAN as the Default VLAN In a Carrier Ethernet for Metro Service environment, service providers who perform frequent reconfigurations for customers with changing requirements occasionally enable multiple interfaces, each connected to a different customer, before the interfaces are fully configured. This presents a vulnerability because both interfaces are initially placed in the native VLAN, VLAN 1, and for that period customers are able to access each other's networks.
59 Virtual Link Trunking (VLT) Virtual link trunking (VLT) is a Dell EMC technology that provides two Dell EMC switches the ability to function as a single switch. VLT allows physical links between two Dell EMC switches to appear as a single virtual link to the network core or other switches such as Edge, Access, or top-of-rack (ToR). As a result, the two physical switches appear as a single switch to the connected devices.
VLT not only overcomes this caveat, but also provides a multipath to the connected devices. In the example shown below, the two physical VLT peers appear as a single logical device to the connected devices. As the connected devices consider the VLT peers as a single switch, VLT eliminates STP-blocked ports. However, the two VLT devices are independent Layer2/Layer3 (L2/L3) switches for devices in the upstream network. Figure 132.
Figure 133. Example of VLT Deployment VLT offers the following benefits: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Allows a single device to use a LAG across two upstream devices. Eliminates STP-blocked ports. Provides a loop-free topology. Uses all available uplink bandwidth. Provides fast convergence if either the link or a device fails. Optimized forwarding with virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP). Provides link-level resiliency. Assures high availability. Active-Active load sharing with VRRP.
● VLT backup link — The backup link monitors the connectivity between the VLT peer switches. The backup link sends configurable, periodic keep alive messages between the VLT peer switches. ● VLT interconnect (VLTi) — The link used to synchronize states between the VLT peer switches. Both ends must be on 10G or 40G interfaces. ● VLT domain — This domain includes both the VLT peer devices, VLT interconnect, and all of the port channels in the VLT connected to the attached devices.
Viewing the MAC Synchronization Between VLT Peers You can use the following commands to verify the MAC synchronization between VLT peers: VLT-10-PEER-1#show mac-address-table count MAC Entries for all vlans : Dynamic Address Count : 1007 Static Address (User-defined) Count : 1 Sticky Address Count : 0 Total Synced Mac from Peer(N): 503 Total MAC Addresses in Use: 1008 VLT-10-PEER-1#show vlt counter mac Total MAC VLT counters ---------------------L2 Total MAC-Address Count: 1007 VLT-10-PEER-1#show mac-addr
such that all the uplinks from servers to access and access to aggregation are in Active-Active Load Sharing mode. This example provides the highest form of resiliency, scaling, and load balancing in data center switching networks. The following example shows stacking at the access, VLT in aggregation, and Layer 3 at the core. Figure 135. VLT on Core Switches The aggregation layer is mostly in the L2/L3 switching/routing layer.
Figure 136. Enhanced VLT Configure Virtual Link Trunking VLT requires that you enable the feature and then configure the same VLT domain, backup link, and VLT interconnect on both peer switches. Important Points to Remember ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● You cannot enable stacking simultaneously with VLT. If you enable both at the same time, unexpected behavior can occur. VLT port channel interfaces must be switch ports. If you include RSTP on the system, configure it before VLT.
● o disable this feature on VLT and port channels, use no lacp ungroup member-independent {vlt | portchannel} command under the configuration mode. ● When you enable IGMP snooping on the VLT peers, ensure the value of the delay-restore command is not less than the query interval.
○ VLT peer switches operate as separate chassis with independent control and data planes for devices attached on non-VLT ports. ○ One device in the VLT domain is assigned a primary role; the other device takes the secondary role. The primary and secondary roles are required for scenarios when connectivity between the chassis is lost. VLT assigns the primary chassis role according to the lowest MAC address. You can configure the primary role manually.
● ● ● ● ● ○ In order that the chassis backup link does not share the same physical path as the interconnect trunk, Dell EMC Networking recommends using the management ports on the chassis and traverse an out-of-band management network. The backup link can use user ports, but not the same ports the interconnect trunk uses. ○ The chassis backup link does not carry control plane information or data traffic. Its use is restricted to health checks only.
○ In a VLT domain, VRRP interoperates with virtual link trunks that carry traffic to and from access devices (see Overview). The VLT peers belong to the same VRRP group and are assigned master and backup roles. Each peer actively forwards L3 traffic, reducing the traffic flow over the VLT interconnect. ○ VRRP elects the router with the highest priority as the master in the VRRP group.
● Configure any ports at the edge of the spanning tree’s operating domain as edge ports, which are directly connected to end stations or server racks. Disable RSTP on ports connected directly to Layer 3-only routers not running STP or configure them as edge ports. ● Ensure that the primary VLT node is the root bridge and the secondary VLT peer node has the second-best bridge ID in the network.
VLT Port Delayed Restoration When a VLT node boots up, if the VLT ports have been previously saved in the start-up configuration, they are not immediately enabled. To ensure MAC and ARP entries from the VLT per node are downloaded to the newly enabled VLT node, the system allows time for the VLT ports on the new node to be enabled and begin receiving traffic. The delay-restore feature waits for all saved configurations to be applied, then starts a configurable timer.
Figure 137. PIM-Sparse Mode Support on VLT On each VLAN where the VLT peer nodes act as the first hop or last hop routers, one of the VLT peer nodes is elected as the PIM designated router. If you configured IGMP snooping along with PIM on the VLT VLANs, you must configure VLTi as the static multicast router port on both VLT peer switches. This ensures that for first hop routers, the packets from the source are redirected to the designated router (DR) if they are incorrectly hashed.
If the VLT node elected as the designated router fails and you enable VLT Multicast Routing, multicast routes are synced to the other peer for traffic forwarding to ensure minimal traffic loss. If you did not enable VLT Multicast Routing, traffic loss occurs until the other VLT peer is selected as the DR. VLT Routing VLT Routing refers to the ability to run a dynamic routing protocol within a single VLT domain or between VLT domains (mVLT).
If you enable peer routing, a VLT node acts as a proxy gateway for its connected VLT peer as shown in the image below. Even though the gateway address of the packet is different, Peer-1 routes the packet to its destination on behalf of Peer-2 to avoid sub-optimal routing. Figure 139. Packets with peer routing enabled Benefits of Peer Routing ● ● Avoids sub-optimal routing ● Reduces latency by avoiding another hop in the traffic path.
Configuring VLT Unicast To enable and configure VLT unicast, follow these steps. 1. Enable VLT on a switch, then configure a VLT domain and enter VLT-domain configuration mode. CONFIGURATION mode vlt domain domain-id 2. Enable peer-routing. VLT DOMAIN mode peer-routing 3. Configure the peer-routing timeout. VLT DOMAIN mode peer-routing—timeout value value: Specify a value (in seconds) from 1 to 65535. The default value is infinity (without configuring the timeout).
3. Configure the multicast peer-routing timeout. VLT DOMAIN mode multicast peer-routing—timeout value value: Specify a value (in seconds) from 1 to 1200. NOTE: Reduce the multicast peer-routing-timeout value to 10 seconds to clear the (S,G) entry in mroute in primary VLT peer. Also, the MLD leave packet must be sent after the unicast route convergence. 4. Configure a PIM-SM compatible VLT node as a designated router (DR). For more information, refer to Configuring a Designated Router. 5.
Sample RSTP configuration The following is a sample of an RSTP configuration: Using the example shown in the Overview section as a sample VLT topology, the primary VLT switch sends BPDUs to an access device (switch or server) with its own RSTP bridge ID. BPDUs generated by an RSTP-enabled access device are only processed by the primary VLT switch. The secondary VLT switch tunnels the BPDUs that it receives to the primary VLT switch over the VLT interconnect.
Configuring a VLT Interconnect To configure a VLT interconnect, follow these steps. 1. Configure the port channel for the VLT interconnect on a VLT switch and enter interface configuration mode. CONFIGURATION mode interface port-channel id-number Enter the same port-channel number configured with the peer-link port-channel command as described in Enabling VLT and Creating a VLT Domain. NOTE: To be included in the VLTi, the port channel must be in Default mode (no switchport or VLAN assigned). 2.
VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode peer-routing If you enable peer routing, a VLT node acts as the proxy gateway for its peer. 5. (Optional) After you configure a VLT domain on each peer switch and connect (cable) the two VLT peers on each side of the VLT interconnect, the system elects a primary and secondary VLT peer device (see Primary and Secondary VLT Peers). To configure the primary and secondary roles before the election process, use the primary-priority command.
delay-restore delay-restore-time The range is from 1 to 1200. The default is 90 seconds. Reconfiguring the Default VLT Settings (Optional) To reconfigure the default VLT settings, use the following commands. 1. Enter VLT-domain configuration mode for a specified VLT domain. CONFIGURATION mode vlt domain domain-id The range of domain IDs is from 1 to 1000. 2.
INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode channel-member interface interface: specify one of the following interface types: ● For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port/subport information. ● For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. 5. Ensure that the port channel is active. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode no shutdown 6.
vlt domain domain-id The range of domain IDs is from 1 to 1000. 4. Enter the port-channel number that acts as the interconnect trunk. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode peer-link port-channel id-number 5. Configure the IP address of the management interface on the remote VLT peer to be used as the endpoint of the VLT backup link for sending out-of-band hello messages.
15. Ensure that the interface is active. MANAGEMENT INTERFACE mode no shutdown 16. Enable peer routing. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode peer-routing If you enable peer routing, a VLT node acts as the proxy gateway for its peer. 17. Repeat steps 1 through 16 for the VLT peer node in Domain 1. 18. Repeat steps 1 through 16 for the first VLT node in Domain 2. 19. Repeat steps 1 through 16 for the VLT peer node in Domain 2. To verify the configuration of a VLT domain, use any of the show commands described in .
EXEC mode or EXEC Privilege mode show interfaces interface In the following sample VLT configuration steps, VLT peer 1 is Dell-2, VLT peer 2 is Dell-4, and the ToR is S60-1. NOTE: If you use a third-party ToR unit, Dell EMC Networking recommends using static LAGs with VLT peers to avoid potential problems if you reboot the VLT peers. Configure the VLT domain with the same ID in VLT peer 1 and VLT peer 2.
interface Port-channel 2 no ip address switchport vlt-peer-lag port-channel 2 no shutdown Dell-2#show interfaces port-channel 2 brief Codes: L - LACP Port-channel LAG 2 L Mode L2L3 Status up Uptime 03:33:14 Ports Te 1/4/1 (Up) In the ToR unit, configure LACP on the physical ports.
Verify that the VLT LAG is up in VLT peer unit. Dell-2#show interfaces port-channel 2 brief Codes: L - LACP Port-channel LAG L 2 Mode L2L3 Status up Uptime 03:43:24 Ports Te 1/4/1 (Up) Dell-4#show interfaces port-channel 2 brief Codes: L - LACP Port-channel LAG L 2 Mode L2L3 Status up Uptime 03:33:31 Ports Te 1/18/1 (Up) PVST+ Configuration PVST+ is supported in a VLT domain. Before you configure VLT on peer switches, configure PVST+ in the network.
90b1.1cf4.9b79 Interface Name ---------Po 1 Po 2 Te 1/10/1 Te 1/10/3 DellEMC# 128.233 Role -----Desg Desg Desg Desg PortID -------128.2 128.3 128.230 128.233 Prio ---128 128 128 128 Cost ------188 2000 2000 2000 Sts ----------FWD FWD FWD FWD Cost Link-type Edge ------- --------- ---0 (vltI)P2P No 0 (vlt) P2P No 0 P2P Yes 0 P2P No Peer Routing Configuration Example This section provides a detailed explanation of how to configure peer routing in a VLT domain.
Dell-1 Switch Configuration In the following output, RSTP is enabled with a bridge priority of 0. This ensures that Dell-1 becomes the root bridge. DellEMC#1#show run | find protocol protocol spanning-tree pvst no disable vlan 1,20,800,900 bridge-priority 0 The following output shows the existing VLANs.
description To_CR1_fa0/13 no ip address port-channel-protocol LACP port-channel 1 mode active no shutdown Port channel 1 connects the uplink switch R1. DellEMC#1#sh run int po1 interface Port-channel 1 description port-channel_to_R1 no ip address switchport vlt-peer-lag port-channel 1 no shutdown Port channel 2 connects the access switch A1.
Version: Local System MAC address: Remote System MAC address: Configured System MAC address: Remote system version: Delay-Restore timer: Peer routing : Peer routing-Timeout timer: Multicast peer routing timeout: 6(3) 90:b1:1c:f4:2c:bb 90:b1:1c:f4:29:f1 90:b1:1c:f4:01:01 6(3) 90 seconds Enabled 0 seconds 150 seconds Verify that the heartbeat mechanism is operational DellEMC#1#sh vlt backup-link VLT Backup Link ----------------Destination: Peer HeartBeat status: Destination VRF: HeartBeat Timer Interval: He
The following output displays the MAC address of all interfaces in the system. All interfaces, physical and virtual, have the same MAC address. This is the address used for peer routing.
no shutdown ! DellEMC#1#sh run int te0/1 interface TenGigabitEthernet 0/1 description VLTi LINK no ip address no shutdown The following example shows that te 0/0 and te 0/1 are included in port channel 10. Also note that configuration on the VLTi links does not contain the switchport command. Dell-2#sh run int po10 interface Port-channel 10 description VLTi Port-Channel no ip address channel-member TenGigabitEthernet 0/0-1 no shutdown Te 0/4 connects to the access switch A1.
interface Vlan 800 description Client-VLAN ip address 192.168.8.2/24 tagged Port-channel 2 no shutdown The following output shows Dell-2 is configured with VLT domain 1. The peer-link port-channel command makes port channel 10 as the VLTi link. The peer-routing command enables peer routing between VLT peers in VLT domain 1. The IP address configured with the backup-destination command is the management IP address of the VLT peer (Dell-1). A priority value of 55000 makes Dell-2 as the secondary VLT peer.
router-id 172.17.1.2 network 192.168.8.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.9.0/24 area 0 network 172.16.1.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.20.0/29 area 0 passive-interface default no passive-interface vlan 20 While the passive-interface default command prevents all interfaces from establishing an OSPF neighborship, the no passiveinterface vlan 20 command allows the interface for VLAN 20, the OSPF peering VLAN, to establish OSPF adjacencies. The following output displays that Dell-1 forms neighborship with Dell-2 and R1.
interface Loopback3 ip address 3.3.3.2 255.255.255.0 ! interface Loopback4 ip address 4.4.4.2 255.255.255.0 R1#show run int port-channel 1 interface Port-channel1 switchport ip address 192.168.20.3 255.255.255.248 R1#show run | find router router ospf 1 router-id 172.15.1.1 passive-interface default no passive-interface Port-channel1 network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 (The above subnets correspond to loopback interfaces lo2, lo3 and lo4.
This default route is configured for testing purposes, as described in the next section. The access switch (A1) is used to generate ICMP test PINGs to a loopback interface on CR1. This default route points to DellEMC#2’s VLAN 800 SVI interface. It’s in place to ensure that routed test traffic has DellEMC#2’s MAC address as the destination address in the Ethernet frame’s header When A1 sends a packet to R1, the VLT peers act as the default gateway for each other.
Add links to the eVLT port-channel on Peer 1. Domain_1_Peer1(conf)#interface range tengigabitethernet 1/16/1 - 1/16/2 Domain_1_Peer1(conf-if-range-te-1/16/1-2)# port-channel-protocol LACP Domain_1_Peer1(conf-if-range-te-1/16/1-2)# port-channel 100 mode active Domain_1_Peer1(conf-if-range-te-1/16/1-2)# no shutdown Next, configure the VLT domain and VLTi on Peer 2.
Domain_2_Peer4(conf-vlt-domain)# Domain_2_Peer4(conf-vlt-domain)# Domain_2_Peer4(conf-vlt-domain)# Domain_2_Peer4(conf-vlt-domain)# Domain_2_Peer4(conf-vlt-domain)# peer-link port-channel 1 back-up destination 10.18.130.12 system-mac mac-address 00:0b:00:0b:00:0b peer-routing unit-id 1 Configure eVLT on Peer 4.
Verifying a VLT Configuration To monitor the operation or verify the configuration of a VLT domain, use any of the following show commands on the primary and secondary VLT switches. ● Display information on backup link operation. EXEC mode show vlt backup-link ● Display general status information about VLT domains currently configured on the switch.
HeartBeat Timeout: UDP Port: HeartBeat Messages Sent: HeartBeat Messages Received: 3 34998 1030 1014 The following example shows the show vlt brief command.
peer-link port-channel 60 back-up destination 10.11.200.18 Dell_VLTpeer2# show running-config vlt ! vlt domain 30 peer-link port-channel 60 back-up destination 10.11.200.20 The following example shows the show vlt statistics command.
Po 111 128.112 128 200000 DIS(vlt) 0 Po 120 128.121 128 2000 FWD(vlt) 0 0 0 0001.e88a.dff8 128.112 0001.e88a.dff8 128.121 Additional VLT Sample Configurations To configure VLT, configure a backup link and interconnect trunk, create a VLT domain, configure a backup link and interconnect trunk, and connect the peer switches in a VLT domain to an attached access device (switch or server). Review the following examples of VLT configurations.
Configure the backup link. Dell_VLTpeer2(conf)#interface ManagementEthernet 1/1 Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-if-ma-1/1)#ip address 10.11.206.35/ Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-if-ma-1/1)#no shutdown Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-if-ma-1/1)#exit Configure the VLT interconnect (VLTi).
Table 135. Troubleshooting VLT (continued) Description Behavior at Peer Up Behavior During Run Time Action to Take Domain ID mismatch The VLT peer does not boot up. The VLTi is forced to a down state. The VLT peer does not boot up. The VLTi is forced to a down state. Verify the domain ID matches on both VLT peers. A syslog error message and an A syslog error message and an SNMP trap are generated. SNMP trap are generated. Dell EMC Networking OS Version mismatch A syslog error message is generated.
Reconfiguring Stacked Switches as VLT To convert switches that have been stacked to VLT peers, use the following procedure. 1. Remove the current configuration from the switches. You will need to split the configuration up for each switch. 2. Copy the files to the flash memory of the appropriate switch. 3. Copy the files on the flash drive to the startup-config. 4. Reset the stacking ports to user ports for both switches. 5. Reload the stack and confirm the new configurations have been applied. 6.
Association of VLTi as a Member of a PVLAN If a VLAN is configured as a non-VLT VLAN on both the peers, the VLTi link is made a member of that VLAN if the VLTi link is configured as a PVLAN or normal VLAN on both the peers. If a PVLAN is configured as a VLT VLAN on one peer and a non-VLT VLAN on another peer, the VLTi is added as a member of that VLAN by verifying the PVLAN parity on both the peers.
● Layer 3 communication between secondary VLANs in a private VLAN is enabled by using the ip local-proxy-arp command in INTERFACE VLAN configuration mode. ● The ARP request is not received on the ICL Under such conditions, the IP stack performs the following operations: ● The ARP reply is sent with the MAC address of the primary VLAN. ● The ARP request packet originates on the primary VLAN for the intended destination IP address.
Table 136.
● For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. 4. Ensure that the port channel is active. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode no shutdown 5. To configure the VLT interconnect, repeat Steps 1–4 on the VLT peer switch. 6. Enter VLT-domain configuration mode for a specified VLT domain. CONFIGURATION mode vlt domain domain-id The range of domain IDs is from 1 to 1000. 7. Enter the port-channel number that acts as the interconnect trunk.
● Specified with this command even before they have been created. ● Amended by specifying the new secondary VLAN to be added to the list. Proxy ARP Capability on VLT Peer Nodes The proxy ARP functionality is supported on VLT peer nodes. A proxy ARP-enabled device answers the ARP requests that are destined for the other router in a VLT domain. The local host forwards the traffic to the proxy ARP-enabled device, which in turn transmits the packets to the destination. By default, proxy ARP is enabled.
When you remove the VLT domain on one of the VLT nodes, the peer routing configuration removal is notified to the peer. In this case, the VLT peer node disables the proxy ARP. When you remove the ICL link on one of the VLT nodes using the no peer-link command, the ICL down event is triggered on the other VLT node, which in turn starts the proxy ARP application.
show running-config Sample configuration of VLAN-stack over VLT (Peer 1) Configure the VLT domain DellEMC(conf)#vlt domain 1 DellEMC(conf-vlt-domain)#peer-link port-channel 1 DellEMC(conf-vlt-domain)#back-up destination 10.16.151.116 DellEMC(conf-vlt-domain)#primary-priority 100 DellEMC(conf-vlt-domain)#system-mac mac-address 00:00:00:11:11:11 DellEMC(conf-vlt-domain)#unit-id 0 DellEMC(conf-vlt-domain)# DellEMC#show running-config vlt ! vlt domain 1 peer-link port-channel 1 back-up destination 10.16.151.
shutdown DellEMC# Verify that the Port Channels used in the VLT Domain are Assigned to the VLAN-Stack VLAN DellEMC#show vlan id 50 Codes: * - Default VLAN, G - GVRP VLANs, R - Remote Port Mirroring VLANs, P - Primary, C - Community, I - Isolated O - Openflow Q: U - Untagged, T - Tagged x - Dot1x untagged, X - Dot1x tagged o - OpenFlow untagged, O - OpenFlow tagged G - GVRP tagged, M - Vlan-stack i - Internal untagged, I - Internal tagged, v - VLT untagged, V - VLT tagged NUM 50 Status Active Description
no shutdown DellEMC# Configure the VLAN as a VLAN-Stack VLAN and add the VLT LAG as members to the VLAN DellEMC(conf)#interface vlan 50 DellEMC(conf-if-vl-50)#vlan-stack compatible DellEMC(conf-if-vl-50-stack)#member port-channel 10 DellEMC(conf-if-vl-50-stack)#member port-channel 20 DellEMC(conf-if-vl-50-stack)# DellEMC#show running-config interface vlan 50 ! interface Vlan 50 vlan-stack compatible member Port-channel 10,20 shutdown DellEMC# Verify that the Port Channels used in the VLT Domain are Assigned
IPv6 Peer Routing When you enable peer routing on VLT nodes, the MAC address of the peer VLT node is stored in the ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) space table of a station. If the data traffic destined to a VLT node, node1, reaches the other VLT node, node2, owing to LAG-level hashing in the ToR switch, it is routed instead of forwarding the packet to node1. This processing occurs because of the match or hit for the entry in the TCAM of the VLT node2.
control information present in the tunneled NA packet is processed in such a way so that the ingress port is marked as the link from Node B to Unit 2 rather than pointing to ICL link through which tunneled NA arrived. Figure 142. Sample Configuration of IPv6 Peer Routing in a VLT Domain Sample Configuration of IPv6 Peer Routing in a VLT Domain Consider a sample scenario as shown in the following figure in which two VLT nodes, Unit1 and Unit2, are connected in a VLT domain using an ICL or VLTi link.
Neighbor Solicitation from VLT Hosts Consider a case in which NS for VLT node1 IP reaches VLT node1 on the VLT interface and NS for VLT node1 IP reaches VLT node2 due to LAG level hashing in the ToR. When VLT node1 receives NS from VLT VLAN interface, it unicasts the NA packet on the VLT interface. When NS reaches VLT node2, it is flooded on all interfaces including ICL. When VLT node 1 receives NS on ICL, it floods the NA packet on the VLAN.
When VLT node receives traffic from non-VLT host intended to VLT host, it routes the traffic to VLT interface. If VLT interface is not operationally up VLT node will route the traffic over ICL. Non-VLT host to North Bound traffic flow When VLT node receives traffic from non-VLT host intended to north bound with DMAC as self MAC it routes traffic to next hop.
ToR 1. Enable BFD globally. TOR(conf)# bfd enable 2. Configure a VLT peer LAG. TOR(conf)#interface tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 TOR(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#no ip address TOR(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#port-channel-protocol lacp TOR(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#port-channel 10 mode active TOR(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#no shutdown TOR(conf)#interface tengigabitethernet 1/1/2 TOR(conf-if-te-1/1/2)#no ip address TOR(conf-if-te-1/1/2)#port-channel-protocol lacp TOR(conf-if-te-1/1/2)#port-channel 10 mode active TOR(conf-if-te-1/1/2)#no shutdown 3.
5. Enable BFD over OSPF. TOR(conf)# router ospf 1 TOR(conf-router_ospf)# network 100.1.1.0/24 area 0 TOR(conf-router_ospf)# bfd all-neighbors VLT Primary 1. Enable BFD globally. VLT_Primary(conf)# bfd enable 2. Configure port channel which is used as VLTi link. VLT_Primary(conf)# interface VLT_Primary(conf-if-po-100)# VLT_Primary(conf-if-po-100)# VLT_Primary(conf-if-po-100)# port-channel 100 no ip address channel-member tengigabitethernet 1/1/1, 1/1/2 no shutdown 3. Enable VLT and configure a VLT domain.
2. Configure port channel which is used as VLTi link. VLT_Secondary(conf)# interface VLT_Secondary(conf-if-po-100)# VLT_Secondary(conf-if-po-100)# VLT_Secondary(conf-if-po-100)# port-channel 100 no ip address channel-member tengigabitethernet 1/1/1, 1/1/2 no shutdown 3. Enable VLT and configure a VLT domain. VLT_Secondary(conf)# vlt domain VLT_Secondary(conf-vlt-domain)# VLT_Secondary(conf-vlt-domain)# VLT_Secondary(conf-vlt-domain)# 100 peer-link port-channel 100 back-up destination 10.16.206.
Delay-Restore Abort Threshold: Peer-Routing : Peer-Routing-Timeout timer: Multicast peer-routing timeout: 60 seconds Enabled 0 seconds 150 seconds ● To verify the VLTi (ICL) link is up in the VLT secondary peer, use show vlt brief command.
Static VXLAN Configuration in a VLT setup Configuration steps are covered below: 1. Both Gateway VTEPs need VLT configured. ● ICL port configuration interface Port-channel 1 no ip address channel-member TenGigabitEthernet 0/4-5 no shutdown ● VLT Domain Configuration vlt domain 100 peer-link port-channel 1 back-up destination 10.11.70.14 ● VXLAN Instance Configuration vxlan-instance 1 static local-vtep-ip 14.14.14.
vni-profile test vnid 200 remote-vtep-ip 3.3.3.3 vni-profile test ● VLT Access port configuration interface TengigabitEthernet 0/12 port-channel-protocol lacp port-channel 30 mode active interface Port-channel 30 no ip address vxlan-instance 1 switchport vlt-peer-lag port-channel 30 no shutdown 2. Configure loopback interface and VXLAN instances on both the peers. ● Configure loopback interface IP address on both peers with the same IPaddress. interface Loopback 1 ip address 14.14.14.14/32 no shutdown 3.
60 VLT Proxy Gateway The virtual link trucking (VLT) proxy gateway feature allows a VLT domain to locally terminate and route L3 packets that are destined to a Layer 3 (L3) end point in another VLT domain. Enable the VLT proxy gateway using the link layer discover protocol (LLDP) method or the static configuration. For more information, see the Command Line Reference Guide.
Figure 144. Sample Configuration for a VLT Proxy Gateway Guidelines for Enabling the VLT Proxy Gateway Keep the following points in mind when you enable a VLT proxy gateway: ● Proxy gateway is supported only for VLT; for example, across a VLT domain. ● You must enable the VLT peer-routing command for the VLT proxy gateway to function.
● Private VLANs (PVLANs) are not supported. ● When a Virtual Machine (VM) moves from one VLT domain to the another VLT domain, the VM host sends the gratuitous ARP (GARP) , which in-turn triggers a mac movement from the previous VLT domain to the newer VLT domain. ● After a station move, if the host sends a TTL1 packet destined to its gateway; for example, a previous VLT node, the packet can be dropped.
● You cannot have interface–level LLDP disable commands on the interfaces configured for proxy gateway and you must enable both transmission and reception. ● You must connect both units of the remote VLT domain by the port channel member. ● If you connect more than one port to a unit of the remote VLT domain, the connection must be completed by the time you enable the proxy gateway LLDP. ● You cannot have other conflicting configurations (for example, you cannot have a static proxy gateway configuration).
For VLT Proxy Gateway to work in this scenario you must configure the VLT-peer-mac transmit command under VLT Domain Proxy Gateway LLDP mode, in both C and D (VLT domain 1) and C1 and D1 (VLT domain 2). This behavior is applicable only in the LLDP configuration and not required in the static configuration.
Sample Dynamic Proxy Configuration on C switch or C1 switch Switch_C#conf Switch_C(conf)#vlt domain 1 Switch_C(conf-vlt-domain1)#proxy-gateway lldp Switch_C(conf-vlt-domain1-pxy-gw-lldp)#peer-domain-link port-channel 1.... VLT Proxy Gateway Sample Topology VLT proxy gateway enables one VLT domain to act as proxy gateway for another VLT domain when a host or virtual machine is moved from one VLT domain to the other VLT domain.
interface TenGigabitEthernet 0/9 description "To DELL-3 10Gb" no ip address ! port-channel-protocol LACP port-channel 50 mode active no shutdown interface Port-channel 50 description "mVLT port channel to DELL-3" no ip address switchport no spanning-tree vlt-peer-lag port-channel 50 no shutdown Note that on the inter-domain link, the switchport command is enabled. On a VLTi link between VLT peers in a VLT domain, the switchport command is not used.
The MAC addresses, configured using the remote-mac-address command, belong to Dell-3 and Dell-4. interface Vlan 100 description OSPF peering VLAN to Dell-1 ip address 10.10.100.2/30 ip ospf network point-to-point no shutdown The following is the OSPF configuration on Dell-2. router ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 network 10.10.100.0/30 area 0 The following output shows that Dell-1 forms OSPF neighborship with Dell-2. Dell-2#sh ip ospf nei Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface Area 4.4.4.
ip ospf network point-to-point no shutdown The following is the OSPF configuration on Dell-3. router ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 network 10.10.101.0/30 area 0 network 10.10.102.0/30 area 0 The following output shows that Dell-4 and VLT domain 120 form OSPF neighborship with Dell-3. Dell-3#sh ip ospf nei ! Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface Area 4.4.4.4 1 FULL/ - 00:00:33 10.10.101.1 Vl 101 0 1.1.1.1 1 FULL/ - 00:00:34 10.10.102.
61 Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) is supported on Dell EMC Networking OS. Overview The switch acts as the VXLAN gateway and performs the VXLAN Tunnel End Point (VTEP) functionality. VXLAN is a technology where in the data traffic from the virtualized servers is transparently transported over an existing legacy network. Figure 147. VXLAN Gateway NOTE: In a stack setup, the Dell EMC Networking OS does not support VXLAN.
• • Routing in and out of VXLAN tunnels NSX Controller-based VXLAN for VLT Components of VXLAN network VXLAN provides a mechanism to extend an L2 network over an L3 network. In short, VXLAN is an L2 overlay scheme over an L3 network and this overlay is termed as a VXLAN segment.
Legacy TOR It is a TOR switch, which performs routing or switching decisions. Functional Overview of VXLAN Gateway The following section is the functional overview of VXLAN Gateway: 1. Provides connectivity between a Virtual server infrastructure and a Physical server infrastructure. 2. Provides the functions performed by a VTEP in a virtual server infrastructure. The functions of a VTEP are: ● VTEP is responsible for creating one or more logical networks.
● VLAN: It is optional in a VXLAN implementation and will be designated by an ethertype of 0×8100 and has an associated VLAN ID tag. ● Ethertype: It is set to 0×0800 because the payload packet is an IPv4 packet. The initial VXLAN draft does not include an IPv6 implementation, but it is planned for the next draft. Outer IP Header: The Outer IP Header consists of the following components: ● Protocol: It is set to 0×11 to indicate that the frame contains a UDP packet .
Configuring and Controlling VXLAN from the NSX Controller GUI You can configure and control VXLAN from the NSX controller GUI, by adding a hardware device to NSX and authenticating the device. 1. Generate a certificate in your system and add it to the NSX before adding a hardware device for authentication. To generate a certificate, use the following command: ● crypto cert generate self-signed cert-file flash://vtep-cert.pem key-file flash:// vtep-privkey.
Figure 149. Create VXLAN Gateway To create a VXLAN L2 Gateway, the IP address of the Gateway is required. After connectivity is established between the VTEP and NSX controller, the management IP address and the connectivity status are populated as shown in the following image. Figure 150. Hardware Devices 3. Add a service node or replicator. Under Home > Networking and Security > Service Definition > Hardware Devices > Replication Cluster, click the Edit button.
Figure 151. Add Service Node or Replicator NOTE: Ensure L3 reachability between the VTEP and the replicator. 4. Create Logical Switch. You can create a logical network by creating a logical switch. The logical network acts as the forwarding domain for workloads on the physical as well as virtual infrastructure. Click Home > Networking and Security > Logical Switches and click Add. The New Logical Switch window opens. Enter a name and select Unicast as the replication mode and click OK. Figure 152.
In the Manage Hardware Bindings window, expand a VTEP and click Add. The Manage Hardware Bindings Window opens. Click the Select link and the Specify Hardware Port window opens. Click the hardware port and click OK. Figure 153. Specify Hardware Port In the Manage Hardware Bindings window, under the VLAN column, enter the VLAN ID and press OK. Figure 154. Create Logical Switch Port 6. (Optional) Enable or disable BFD globally. Go to Hardware Devices tab > BFD Configuration, and click the Edit button.
Figure 155. Edit VXLAN BFD Configuration NOTE: For more details about NSX controller configuration, refer to the NSX user guide from VMWare . Configuring and Controling VXLAN from Nuage Controller GUI The Dell EMC Networking OS supports Nuage controller for VXLAN. You can configure and control VXLAN from the Nuage controller GUI, by adding a hardware device to the Nuage controller and authenticating the device. 1. Under the Infrastructure tab, add a datacenter gateway. Figure 156.
Figure 157. Port-to-VLAN mappings 3. Under the Networks tab, create an L2 domain. Under the L2 domain, create a logical network (VNI) and add access ports of the VTEP in the logical network. Figure 158. Access ports of the VTEP Configuring VxLAN Gateway To configure the VxLAN gateway on the switch, follow these steps: 1. Connecting to NVP controller 2. Advertising VXLAN access ports to controller Connecting to an NVP Controller To connect to an NVP controller, use the following commands. 1.
3. Define how the device connects to the controller. VxLAN INSTANCE mode controller controller ID ip address port port-number TCP | SSL The port number range is from 1 to 6632. The default connection type is SSL. TCP, PTCP, and PSSL are supported with NSX controller only. 4. Enter the gateway IP VxLAN INSTANCE mode gateway-ip IP address 5. Enter the maximum backoff time (Optional). VxLAN INSTANCE mode max_backoff time The range is from 1000-180000. The default value is 30000 milliseconds. 6.
The following example shows the show vxlan vxlan-instance logical-network command. • show vxlan vxlan-instance 1 logical-network Instance : 1 Total LN count : 1024 * - No VLAN mapping exists and yet to be installed Name VNID 1ba08465-8774-3383-ba51-8b7e642ff632 6427 02f063c2-36c7-3ef6-a324-b432b748d15d 6218 36ab6265-5fa8-3ce8-b35c-e7cfdaf7c9e8 6368 The following example shows the show vxlan vxlan-instance statistics interface command.
Examples of the show bfd neighbors command. To verify that the session is established, use the show bfd neighbors command. Dell_GW1#show bfd neighbors * Ad Dn B C I O O3 R M V VT * * * * * * - Active session role Admin Down BGP CLI ISIS OSPF OSPFv3 Static Route (RTM) MPLS VRRP Vxlan Tunnel LocalAddr 1.0.1.1 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 RemoteAddr 1.0.1.2 192.168.122.135 192.168.122.136 192.168.122.137 192.168.122.138 192.168.122.
VNI-PROFILE mode vnid VNID Range 6. Create a remote tunnel and associate the remote VTEP to the VNID. VXLAN-INSTANCE mode remote—vtep—ip remote IP Address vni-profile profile name 7. Enable the VXLAN. VXLAN-INSTANCE mode no shutdown 8. Enable VXLAN instance on the interface. The interface should not be on layer 2. INTERFACE mode vxlan-instance Instance ID 9. Associate VNID to VLAN.
Use the following command to clear the remote VTEP and access port statistics. DellEMC# clear vxlan vxlan-instance 1 statistics Disabling MAC Address Learning on Static VXLAN Tunnels You can configure the system to not learn MAC addresses on static VXLAN tunnels or remote VTEPs. MAC address learning on static VXLAN tunnels is Enabled by default.
Following is the output of show ip routecommand for the above connection: DellEMC# show ip route Destination Gateway --------------- Dist/Metric Last ----------- *B IN 0.0.0.0/0 C 1.1.1.1/32 B IN 2.2.2.2/32 200/0 0/0 200/0 via 192.168.11.2 Direct, Lo 1 via 192.168.22.1 Change ----------16:13:30 8:59:34 00:36:48 From the above routing table it is understood that the remote VTEP 2.2.2.2/32 is resolved through next-hop 192.168.22.1, which is not directly connected.
In this RIOT scheme, whenever R1 tries to reach R2, the packet gets to P1 on VTEP 1 with VLAN 10 and gets routed out of P2 on VLAN 20. VTEP 1 sends an ARP request for R2 (10.1.2.1) through P2. This request gets VXLAN encapsulated at P3 and is sent out of P4. Eventually, the native ARP request reaches R2. R2 sends an ARP response that is VXLAN encapsulated at VTEP 2. This response reaches VTEP 1 on P4 with a VXLAN encapsulation. At this point, the ARP response is de-capsulated at P4.
The topology to achieve RIOT with a physical loopback is inherently susceptible to Layer 2 loops. To prevent these loops from disrupting the network, the following egress masks need to be applied: ● ● ● ● Any Any Any Any frame frame frame frame ingressing ingressing ingressing ingressing on on on on a a a a VXLAN access port is not allowed to egress out of a VXLAN loopback port. VXLAN loopback port is not allowed to egress out of a VXLAN access port.
In this topology, P2 and P3 in VTEP 1 are VLT port-channels with corresponding VLT peer LAGs being P2 and P3 in VTEP 2. Similarly, P6 and P7 in VTEP 3 are VLT port-channels with corresponding VLT peer LAGs being P6 and P7 in VTEP 4. NOTE: P2, P3, P6, and P7 can be a single port or multi-port port-channels that are VLT port-channels. NOTE: The VLT VXLAN configuration for RIOT deviates from the standard VLT behavior when these physical loopbacks are provisioned as VLT port-channels.
Figure 160. Controller-based VXLAN for VLT Providing Redundancy Important Points to Remember ● The VLT peer port channel number must be the same on both VLT peers. ● before configuring controller-based VXLAN with VLT, remove any existing standalone VXLAN configuration. ● BFD tunnels come up only after the NSX controller sends tunnel details. The details come after the remote MAC addresses are downloaded from NSX controller.
bfd enable Enter the result of your step here (optional). 2. Create an uplink-state group. CONFIGURATION mode uplink-state-group group-id group-id: values are from 1 to 16. 3. Assign a VLT port channel to the uplink-state group as an upstream link. UPLINK-STATE-GROUP mode upstream interface 4. Assign a network port or port channel to the uplink-state group as a downstream link.
vlt domain domain-id The domain ID range is from 1 to 1000. Configure the same domain ID on the peer switch 2. Configure the IP address of the management interface on the remote VLT peer to be used as the endpoint of the VLT backup link for sending out-of-band hello messages. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode back-up destination ip-address 3. Configure the port channel to be used as the VLT interconnect between VLT peers in the domain. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode peer-link port-channel id-number 4.
vlt-peer-lag port-channel 10 no shutdown The following are some of the show command outputs on the VLT primary: DellEMC#show vlt brief VLT Domain Brief -----------------Domain ID: Role: Role Priority: ICL Link Status: HeartBeat Status: VLT Peer Status: Local Unit Id: Version: Local System MAC address: Remote System MAC address: Configured System MAC address: Remote system version: Delay-Restore timer: Delay-Restore Abort Threshold: Peer-Routing : Peer-Routing-Timeout timer: Multicast peer-routing timeout: D
Codes: * - Default VLAN, G - GVRP VLANs, R - Remote Port Mirroring VLANs, P - Primary, C - Community, I - Isolated O - Openflow, Vx - Vxlan Q: U - Untagged, T - Tagged x - Dot1x untagged, X - Dot1x tagged o - OpenFlow untagged, O - OpenFlow tagged G - GVRP tagged, M - Vlan-stack i - Internal untagged, I - Internal tagged, v - VLT untagged, V - VLT tagged * NUM 1 Status Active Vx 20 Active 500 Active Description DellEMC# DellEMC# DellEMC#sh vxlan vxlan-instance 1 multicast-mac * - Active Replicator
Role Priority: ICL Link Status: HeartBeat Status: VLT Peer Status: Local Unit Id: Version: Local System MAC address: Remote System MAC address: Configured System MAC address: Remote system version: Delay-Restore timer: Delay-Restore Abort Threshold: Peer-Routing : Peer-Routing-Timeout timer: Multicast peer-routing timeout: DellEMC# DellEMC# DellEMC# 10 Up Up Up 1 6(8) f4:8e:38:2b:3e:85 14:18:77:0a:53:80 00:00:00:11:11:11 6(8) 90 seconds 60 seconds Enabled 0 seconds 150 seconds DellEMC#sh vxlan vxlan-insta
Tunnel : count 1 6.6.6.2 : vxlan_over_ipv4 (up) DellEMC#show vxlan vxlan-instance 1 unicast-mac-local Total Local Mac Count: 1 VNI MAC PORT 5000 00:00:00:cc:00:00 (N) Po 1 VLAN 20 DellEMC#show vxlan vxlan-instance 1 unicast-mac-remote Total Remote Mac Count: 1 VNI MAC TUNNEL 5000 00:00:bb:00:00:00 4.3.3.
sSFKBohqu40EWXIBJ0QbKvFWv91rbjkgtsrHVTdohrA== -----END CERTIFICATE----Copy and paste the generated certificate to the NSX. NOTE: Once controller connectivity is established from VLT peers, if you want to generate a new certificate and use it for controller connection, generate the certificate from the node (node that is directly connected to controller). If you do not generate a new certificate from the node, system shows inconsistent behavior. 2. Create a VXLAN Gateway.
Figure 162. Hardware Devices 3. Add a service node or replicator. Under Home > Networking and Security > Service Definition > Hardware Devices > Replication Cluster, click the Edit button. Select required hosts for replication and click OK. Figure 163. Add Service Node or Replicator NOTE: Ensure L3 reachability between the VTEP and the replicator. 4. Create Logical Switch. You can create a logical network by creating a logical switch.
Figure 164. Create Logical Switch 5. Create Logical Switch Port. A logical switch port provides a logical connection point for a VM interface (VIF) and a L2 gateway connection to an external network. It binds the virtual access ports in the gateway to logical network (VXLAN) and VLAN. In the Manage Hardware Bindings window, expand a VTEP and click Add. The Manage Hardware Bindings Window opens. Click the Select link and the Specify Hardware Port window opens. Click the hardware port and click OK.
Figure 166. Create Logical Switch Port 6. (Optional) Enable or disable BFD globally. Go to Hardware Devices tab > BFD Configuration, and click the Edit button. The Edit BFD Configuration windows opens. Check or uncheck the Enable BFD check box. You can also change the probe interval if required. Figure 167. Edit VXLAN BFD Configuration NOTE: For more details about NSX controller configuration, refer to the NSX user guide from VMWare .
62 Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) allows a physical router to partition itself into multiple Virtual Routers (VRs). The control and data plane are isolated in each VR so that traffic does NOT flow across VRs.Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) allows multiple instances of a routing table to co-exist within the same router at the same time.
Figure 168. VRF Network Example VRF Configuration Notes Although there is no restriction on the number of VLANs that can be assigned to a VRF instance, the total number of routes supported in VRF is limited by the size of the IPv4 CAM. VRF is implemented in a network device by using Forwarding Information Bases (FIBs). A network device may have the ability to configure different virtual routers, where entries in the FIB that belong to one VRF cannot be accessed by another VRF on the same device.
NOTE: To configure a router ID in a non-default VRF, configure at least one IP address in both the default as well as the non-default VRF. Table 137. Software Features Supported on VRF Feature/Capability Support Status for Default VRF Support Status for Non-default VRF 802.
DHCP DHCP requests are not forwarded across VRF instances. The DHCP client and server must be on the same VRF instance. VRF Configuration The VRF configuration tasks are: 1. Enabling VRF in Configuration Mode 2. Creating a Non-Default VRF 3. Assign an Interface to a VRF You can also: ● View VRF Instance Information ● Connect an OSPF Process to a VRF Instance ● Configure VRRP on a VRF Loading VRF CAM ● Load CAM memory for the VRF feature.
2. Assign the interface to management VRF. INTERFACE CONFIGURATION ip vrf forwarding management Before assigning a front-end port to a management VRF, ensure that no IP address is configured on the interface. 3. Assign an IPv4 address to the interface. INTERFACE CONFIGURATION ip address 10.1.1.1/24 Before assigning a front-end port to a management VRF, ensure that no IP address is configured on the interface. 4. Assign an IPv6 address to the interface.
Table 138. Configuring VRRP on a VRF (continued) Task Command Syntax Assign an IP address to the interface Configure the VRRP group and virtual IP address View VRRP command output for the VRF vrf1 Command Mode ip address 10.1.1.1 /24 no shutdown vrrp-group 10 virtual-address 10.1.1.100 show config ----------------------------! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/13/1 ip vrf forwarding vrf1 ip address 10.1.1.1/24 ! vrrp-group 10 virtual-address 10.1.1.
● ● ● ● ● ● ipv6 ipv6 ipv6 ipv6 ipv6 ipv6 nd reachable-time — Set advertised reachability time nd retrans-timer — Set NS retransmit interval used and advertised in RA nd suppress-ra — Suppress IPv6 Router Advertisements ad — IPv6 Address Detection ad autoconfig — IPv6 stateless auto-configuration address — Configure IPv6 address on an interface NOTE: The command line help still displays relevant details corresponding to each of these commands.
Figure 170. Setup VRF Interfaces The following example relates to the configuration shown in the above illustrations. Router 1 ip vrf blue 1 ! ip vrf orange 2 ! ip vrf green 3 ! interface TenGigabitEthernet no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet ip vrf forwarding blue ip address 10.0.0.1/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet ip vrf forwarding orange ip address 20.0.0.1/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet ip vrf forwarding green ip address 30.0.0.
ip vrf forwarding blue ip address 1.0.0.1/24 tagged TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 192 ip vrf forwarding orange ip address 2.0.0.1/24 tagged TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 256 ip vrf forwarding green ip address 3.0.0.1/24 tagged TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 no shutdown ! router ospf 1 vrf blue router-id 1.0.0.1 network 1.0.0.0/24 area 0 network 10.0.0.0/24 area 0 ! router ospf 2 vrf orange router-id 2.0.0.1 network 2.0.0.0/24 area 0 network 20.0.0.
! router ospf 1 vrf blue router-id 1.0.0.2 network 11.0.0.0/24 area 0 network 1.0.0.0/24 area 0 passive-interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1/1 ! router ospf 2 vrf orange router-id 2.0.0.2 network 21.0.0.0/24 area 0 network 2.0.0.0/24 area 0 passive-interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/2/1 ! ip route vrf green30.0.0.0/24 3.0.0.1 ! The following shows the output of the show commands on Router 1.
Change --------------------C 2.0.0.0/24 C 20.0.0.0/24 00:10:05 O 21.0.0.0/24 00:10:41 ------- ----------- Direct, Vl 192 Direct, Te 1/2/1 via 2.0.0.
----------C 1.0.0.0/24 00:27:21 O 10.0.0.0/24 00:14:24 C 11.0.0.0/24 00:19:46 Direct, Vl 128 via 1.0.0.
The following example illustrates how route leaking between two VRFs can be performed: interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/9/1 ip vrf forwarding VRF1 ip address 120.0.0.1/24 interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/10/1 ip vrf forwarding VRF2 ip address 140.0.0.1/24 ip route vrf VRF1 20.0.0.0/16 140.0.0.2 vrf VRF2 ip route vrf VRF2 40.0.0.0/16 120.0.0.
ip route-export 1:1 3. Configure VRF-red. ip vrf vrf-red interface-type slot/port[/subport] ip vrf forwarding VRF-red ip address ip—address mask A non-default VRF named VRF-red is created and the interface is assigned to this VRF. 4. Configure the import target in VRF-red. ip route-import 1:1 5. Configure the export target in VRF-red. ip route-export 2:2 6. Configure VRF-blue.
C 122.2.2.0/24 Direct, Te 1/12/1 0/0 DellEMC# show ip route vrf VRF-Green O 33.3.3.3/32 via 133.3.3.3 110/0 C 133.3.3.0/24 22:39:61 00:00:11 Direct, Te 1/13/1 0/0 22:39:61 DellEMC# show ip route vrf VRF-Shared O 44.4.4.4/32 via 144.4.4.4 110/0 C 144.4.4.0/24 00:00:11 Direct, Te 1/4/1 0/0 00:32:36 Show routing tables of VRFs( after route-export and route-import tags are configured). DellEMC# show ip route vrf VRF-Red O C O C 11.1.1.1/32 111.1.1.0/24 44.4.4.4/32 144.4.4.0/24 via 111.1.1.
● IPv6 link local routes will never be leaked from one VRF to another. Configuring Route Leaking with Filtering When you initalize route leaking from one VRF to another, all the routes are exposed to the target VRF. If the size of the source VRF's RTM is considerablly large, an import operation results in the duplication of the target VRF's RTM with the source RTM entries.
8. Configure the import target in VRF-blue with route-map import_ospf_protociol. ip route-import 1:1 import_ospf_protocol When you import routes into VRF-blue using the route-map import_ospf_protocol, only OSPF routes are imported into VRF-blue. Even though VRF-red has leaked both OSPF as well as BGP routes to be shared with other VRFs, this command imports only OSPF routes into VRF-blue. 9. Configure the import target in the source VRF for reverse communnication with the destination VRF.
63 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP) is designed to eliminate a single point of failure in a statically routed network. Topics: • • • • • • VRRP Overview VRRP Benefits VRRP Implementation VRRP Configuration Sample Configurations Proxy Gateway with VRRP VRRP Overview VRRP is designed to eliminate a single point of failure in a statically routed network.
Figure 171. Basic VRRP Configuration VRRP Benefits With VRRP configured on a network, end-station connectivity to the network is not subject to a single point-of-failure. End-station connections to the network are redundant and are not dependent on internal gateway protocol (IGP) protocols to converge or update routing tables. In conjunction with Virtual Link Trunking (VLT), you can configure optimized forwarding with virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP).
NOTE: In a VLT environment, VRRP configuration acts as active-active and if route is not present in any of the VRRP nodes, the packet to the destination is dropped on that VRRP node. Table 139.
The following examples how to configure VRRP. DellEMC(conf)#interface tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#vrrp-group 111 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-111)# The following examples how to verify the VRRP configuration. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#show conf ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 ip address 10.10.10.
3. Set the backup switches to version 3. Dell_backup_switch1(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-100)#version 3 Dell_backup_switch2(conf-if-te-1/2/1-vrid-100)#version 3 Assign Virtual IP addresses Virtual routers contain virtual IP addresses configured for that VRRP group (VRID). A VRRP group does not transmit VRRP packets until you assign the Virtual IP address to the VRRP group.
virtual-address 10.10.10.2 virtual-address 10.10.10.3 ! vrrp-group 222 no shutdown The following example shows the same VRRP group (VRID 111) configured on multiple interfaces on different subnets. DellEMC#show vrrp -----------------TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1, VRID: 111, Version: 2 Net: 10.10.10.1 VRF: 0 default State: Master, Priority: 255, Master: 10.10.10.
10.10.10.1 10.10.10.2 10.10.10.3 10.10.10.10 Authentication: (none) -----------------TenGigabitEthernet 1/2/1, VRID: 111, Net: 10.10.2.1 VRF: 0 default State: Master, Priority: 125, Master: 10.10.2.1 (local) Hold Down: 0 sec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 1 sec Adv rcvd: 0, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 601, Gratuitous ARP sent: 2 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:01:6f Virtual IP address: 10.10.2.2 10.10.2.
INTERFACE-VRID mode no preempt Re-enable preempt by entering the preempt command. When you enable preempt, it does not display in the show commands, because it is a default setting. The following example shows how to disable preempt using the no preempt command. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#vrrp-group 111 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-111)#no preempt DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-111)# The following example shows how to verify preempt is disabled using the show conf command.
The following example shows how to verify the advertise interval change using the show conf command. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-111)#show conf ! vrrp-group 111 advertise-interval 10 authentication-type simple 7 387a7f2df5969da4 no preempt priority 255 virtual-address 10.10.10.1 virtual-address 10.10.10.2 virtual-address 10.10.10.3 virtual-address 10.10.10.10 Track an Interface or Object You can set Dell EMC Networking OS to monitor the state of any interface according to the virtual group.
● (Optional) Display the configuration and the UP or DOWN state of tracked interfaces and objects in VRRP groups, including the time since the last change in an object’s state. EXEC mode or EXEC Privilege mode show vrrp ● (Optional) Display the configuration of tracked objects in VRRP groups on a specified interface. EXEC mode or EXEC Privilege mode show running-config interface interface The following example shows how to configure tracking using the track command.
The following example shows verifying the VRRP configuration on an interface. DellEMC#show running-config interface tengigabitethernet 1/8/1 interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/8/1 no ip address ipv6 address 2007::30/64 vrrp-ipv6-group 1 track 2 priority-cost 20 track 3 priority-cost 30 virtual-address 2007::1 virtual-address fe80::1 no shutdown Setting VRRP Initialization Delay When configured, VRRP is enabled immediately upon system reload or boot.
support your own IP addresses, interfaces, names, and so on, be sure that you make the necessary changes. The VRRP topology was created using the CLI configuration shown in the following example. Figure 172. VRRP for IPv4 Topology Examples of Configuring VRRP for IPv4 and IPv6 The following example shows configuring VRRP for IPv4 Router 2. R2(conf)#interface tengigabitethernet 2/31/1 R2(conf-if-te-2/31/1)#ip address 10.1.1.
R2#show vrrp -----------------TenGigabitEthernet 2/31/1, VRID: 99, Net: 10.1.1.1 VRF: 0 default State: Master, Priority: 200, Master: 10.1.1.1 (local) Hold Down: 0 sec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 1 sec Adv rcvd: 0, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 817, Gratuitous ARP sent: 1 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:01:63 Virtual IP address: 10.1.1.3 Authentication: (none) R2# Router 3 R3(conf)#interface tengigabitethernet 3/21/1 R3(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#ip address 10.1.1.
Figure 173. VRRP for an IPv6 Configuration NOTE: In a VRRP or VRRPv3 group, if two routers come up with the same priority and another router already has MASTER status, the router with master status continues to be MASTER even if one of two routers has a higher IP or IPv6 address. The following example shows configuring VRRP for IPv6 Router 2 and Router 3. Configure a virtual link local (fe80) address for each VRRPv3 group created for an interface.
vrrp-group 10 priority 100 virtual-address fe80::10 virtual-address 1::10 no shutdown R2(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#end R2#show vrrp -----------------TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1, IPv6 VRID: 10, Version: 3, Net:fe80::201:e8ff:fe6a:c59f VRF: 0 default State: Master, Priority: 100, Master: fe80::201:e8ff:fe6a:c59f (local) Hold Down: 0 centisec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 100 centisec Accept Mode: FALSE, Master AdvInt: 100 centisec Adv rcvd: 0, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 135 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:02:0a Virtual IP a
VRRP groups on each VRF instance in order that there is one MASTER and one backup router for each VRF. In VRF-1 and VRF-2, Switch-2 serves as owner-master of the VRRP group and Switch-1 serves as the backup. On VRF-3, Switch-1 is the owner-master and Switch-2 is the backup. In VRF-1 and VRF-2 on Switch-2, the virtual IP and node IP address, subnet, and VRRP group are the same.
S1(conf-if-te-1/2/1)#no shutdown ! S1(conf)#interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/3/1 S1(conf-if-te-1/3/1)#ip vrf forwarding VRF-3 S1(conf-if-te-1/3/1)#ip address 20.1.1.5/24 S1(conf-if-te-1/3/1)#vrrp-group 15 % Info: The VRID used by the VRRP group 15 in VRF 3 will be 243. S1(conf-if-te-1/3/1-vrid-105)#priority 255 S1(conf-if-te-1/3/1-vrid-105)#virtual-address 20.1.1.
This VLAN scenario often occurs in a service-provider network in which you configure VLAN tags for traffic from multiple customers on customer-premises equipment (CPE), and separate VRF instances associated with each VLAN are configured on the provider edge (PE) router in the point-of-presence (POP).
10.1.1.100 Authentication: (none) VRRP in VRF: Switch-2 VLAN Configuration Switch-2 S2(conf)#ip vrf VRF-1 1 ! S2(conf)#ip vrf VRF-2 2 ! S2(conf)#ip vrf VRF-3 3 ! S2(conf)#interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 S2(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#no ip address S2(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#switchport S2(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#no shutdown ! S2(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#interface vlan 100 S2(conf-if-vl-100)#ip vrf forwarding VRF-1 S2(conf-if-vl-100)#ip address 10.10.1.
Port-channel 1, IPv4 VRID: 1, Version: 2, Net: 10.1.1.1 VRF: 2 vrf2 State: Master, Priority: 100, Master: 10.1.1.1 (local) Hold Down: 0 sec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 1 sec Adv rcvd: 0, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 419, Gratuitous ARP sent: 1 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:01:01 Virtual IP address: 10.1.1.100 Authentication: (none) VRRP for IPv6 Configuration This section shows VRRP IPv6 topology with CLI configurations.
NOTE: In a VRRP or VRRPv3 group, if two routers come up with the same priority and another router already has MASTER status, the router with master status continues to be master even if one of two routers has a higher IP or IPv6 address. Router 2 R2(conf)#interface tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 R2(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#no ip address R2(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#ipv6 address 1::1/64 R2(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#vrrp-group 10 NOTE: You must configure a virtual link local (fe80) address for each VRRPv3 group created for an interface.
State: Backup, Priority: 100, Master: fe80::201:e8ff:fe6a:c59f Hold Down: 0 centisec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 100 centisec Accept Mode: FALSE, Master AdvInt: 100 centisec Adv rcvd: 11, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 0 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:02:0a Virtual IP address: 1::10 fe80::10 DellEMC#show vrrp tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1, IPv6 VRID: 255, Version: 3, Net: fe80::201:e8ff:fe8a:fd76 VRF: 0 default State: Backup, Priority: 90, Master: fe80::201:e8ff:fe8a:e9ed Hold Down: 0 centise
VRF: 2 vrf2 State: Backup, Priority: 90, Master: fe80::201:e8ff:fe8a:e9ed Hold Down: 0 centisec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 100 centisec Accept Mode: FALSE, Master AdvInt: 100 centisec Adv rcvd: 548, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 0 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:02:ff Virtual IP address: 10:1:1::255 fe80::255 Proxy Gateway with VRRP VLT proxy gateway solves the inefficient traffic trombone problem when VLANs are extended between date centers and when VMs are migrated between the two DCs.
● The core routers C1 and D1 in the local VLT domain are connected to the core routers C2 and D2 in the remote VLT Domain using VLT links. ● The core routers C1 and D1 in local VLT Domain along with C2 and D2 in the remote VLT Domain are part of a Layer 3 cloud. ● The core routers C1, D1, C2, D2 are in a VRRP group with the same vrrp-group ID. When a virtual machine running in Server Rack 1 migrates to Server Rack 2, L3 packets for that VM are routed through the default gateway.
unit-id 1 peer-routing interface port-channel 128 channel member ten 1/1/1 channel member ten 1/1/2 no shutdown int ten 1/5/1 port-channel-protocol lacp port-channel 10 mode active no shut int ten 1/4/1 port-channel-protocol lacp port-channel 20 mode active no shut interface port-channel 10 vlt-peer-lag po 10 switchport no shutdown interface port-channel 20 vlt-peer-lag po 20 switchport no shutdown int vlan 100 ip address 100.1.1.
interface port-channel 10 vlt-peer-lag po 10 switchport no shutdown interface port-channel 20 vlt-peer-lag po 20 switchport no shutdown int vlan 100 ip address 100.1.1.3/24 tagged port-channel 10 vrrp-group 10 advertise-interval 60 virtual-ip 100.1.1.254 priority 100 no shutdown int vlan 200 tagged port-channel 20 no shutdown router ospf 10 network 100.1.1.0/24 area 0 Sample configuration of D2: vlt domain 10 peer-link port-channel 128 back-up destination 10.16.140.
int vlan 200 tagged port-channel 20 no shutdown router ospf 10 network 100.1.1.
64 Debugging and Diagnostics This chapter describes debugging and diagnostics for the device. Topics: • • • • • • • • • • Offline Diagnostics Trace Logs Auto Save on Crash or Rollover Hardware Watchdog Timer Enabling Environmental Monitoring Buffer Tuning Troubleshooting Packet Loss Enabling Application Core Dumps Mini Core Dumps Enabling TCP Dumps Offline Diagnostics The offline diagnostics test suite is useful for isolating faults and debugging hardware.
NOTE: The system reboots when the offline diagnostics complete. This is an automatic process. The following warning message appears when you implement the offline stack-unit command: Warning - Diagnostic execution will cause stack-unit to reboot after completion of diags. Proceed with Offline-Diags [confirm yes/no]:y After the system goes offline, you must reload or run the online stack-unit stack-unit-number command for the normal operation. 2. Confirm the offline status.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------0 0 up AC up 18048 0 1 absent absent 0 -- Fan Status -Unit Bay TrayStatus Fan0 Speed Fan1 Speed -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------0 0 up up 19275 up 19275 0 1 up up 19275 up 19275 0 2 absent Speed in RPM The following example shows the diag command (standalone unit).
**************************** S6000 LEVEL 0 DIAGNOSTICS************************** Test 1 - Board Revision Test ........................................ PASS Test 2 - Cpu Type Detect Test ....................................... PASS Test 3.000 - Psu0 Presence Test ..................................... PASS diagS6000PsuPresenceTest[1022]: ERROR: Psu:1 is not present... Test 3.001 - Psu1 Presence Test ..................................... NOT PRESENT Test 3 - Psu Presence Test ..................................
I2C Devices Scanned - 20 I2C Device PASS Count - 17 I2C Device FAIL Count - 3 Test 13 - I2c Access Test ........................................... Test 14 - RTC Presence Test ......................................... Test 15 - CPU Sdram Presence Test ................................... Test 16 - CPU Sdram Size Test ...................................... Test 17.000 - System Cpld Access Test ............................... Test 17.001 - Master Cpld Access Test ............................... Test 17.
QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 Length(OM1) 1m = 0x00 Length(Copper) 1m = 0x00 Vendor Rev = 01 Laser Wavelength = 850.
Minor Off Minor Major Off Major Shutdown Unit2 55 60 75 80 85 ---------------------------------------------------------------Minor Off Minor Major Off Major Shutdown Unit3 55 60 75 80 85 Troubleshoot an Over-temperature Condition To troubleshoot an over-temperature condition, use the following information. 1. Use the show environment commands to monitor the temperature levels. 2. Check air flow through the system. Ensure that the air ducts are clean and that all fans are working correctly. 3.
Table 140. SNMP Traps and OIDs (continued) OID String OID Name Description .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.4 dellNetFpPacketBufferTable View the modular packet buffers details per stack unit and the mode of allocation. .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.5 dellNetFpStatsPerPortTable View the forwarding plane statistics containing the packet buffer usage per port per stack unit. .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.
● show hardware {ip | ipv6 | mac} {eg-acl | in-acl} stack-unit stack-unit-number port-set 0 pipeline 0-3 ● show hardware ip qos stack-unit stack-unit-number port-set 0 ● show hardware system-flow layer2 stack-unit stack-unit-number port-set 0 {counters | pipeline 0-3} ● show hardware drops interface interface ● show hardware buffer-stats-snapshot resource interface interface ● show hardware buffer inteface interface{priority-group { id | all } | queue { id| all} } buffer-info ● show hardware buffer-stats-sn
Aged Drops --- Egress MAC counters--Egress FCS Drops --- Egress FORWARD PROCESSOR IPv4 L3UC Aged & Drops TTL Threshold Drops INVALID VLAN CNTR Drops L2MC Drops PKT Drops of ANY Conditions Hg MacUnderflow TX Err PKT Counter --- Error counters--Internal Mac Transmit Errors Unknown Opcodes Internal Mac Receive Errors : 0 : 0 Drops : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 --- : 0 : 0 : 0 DellEMC#show hardware stack-unit 1 drops UNIT No: 1 Total Total Total Total Total Ingress Drops IngMac Drops Mmu Drops EgMac Drops Eg
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 49 49 49 52 52 52 52 53 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 41 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 43 0 0
53 53 54/1 54/2 54/3 54/4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Internal 0 Internal 0 67 0 0 0 0 68 0 0 0 0 69 0 0 0 0 70 0 0 0 0 71 0 0 0 0 72 0 0 0 0 53 0 0 0 0 57 4659499 0 0 0 Dataplane Statistics The show hardware stack-unit cpu data-plane statistics command provides insight into the packet types coming to the CPU.
txPkt(COS8 ) txPkt(COS9 ) txPkt(COS10) txPkt(COS11) txPkt(UNIT0) :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 Example of Viewing Party Bus Statistics DellEMC#sh hardware stack-unit 1 cpu party-bus statistics Input Statistics: 27550 packets, 2559298 bytes 0 dropped, 0 errors Output Statistics: 1649566 packets, 1935316203 bytes 0 errors Display Stack Port Statistics The show hardware stack-unit stack-port command displays input and output statistics for a stack-port interface.
RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX - 2048 to 4095 Byte Frame Counter 4096 to 9216 Byte Frame Counter Good Packet Counter Packet/frame Counter Unicast Packet Counter Multicast Packet Counter Broadcast Frame Counter Byte Counter Control frame counter PAUSE frame counter Oversized frame counter Jabber frame counter VLAN tag frame counter Double VLAN tag frame counter RUNT frame counter Fragment counter VLAN tagged packets
RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX - Broadcast Frame Counter Byte Counter Control frame counter PAUSE frame counter Oversized frame counter Jabber frame counter VLAN tag frame counter Double VLAN tag frame counter RUNT frame counter Fragment counter VLAN tagged packets 64 Byte Frame Counter 64 to 127 Byte Frame Counter 128 to 255 Byte Frame Counter 256 to 511 Byte Frame Counter 512 to 1023 Byte Frame Counter 1024 to 1518 Byte Frame Coun
RX - MTU Check Error Frame Counter RX - PFC Frame Priority 0 RX - PFC Frame Priority 1 RX - PFC Frame Priority 2 RX - PFC Frame Priority 3 RX - PFC Frame Priority 4 RX - PFC Frame Priority 5 RX - PFC Frame Priority 6 RX - PFC Frame Priority 7 RX - Debug Counter 0 RX - Debug Counter 1 RX - Debug Counter 2
00274f8c : 0024e2b0 : 0024dee8 : 0024d9c4 : 002522b0 : 0026a8d0 : 0026a00c : ----------------STACK TRACE END-----------------------------------FREE MEMORY--------------uvmexp.free = 0x2312 Enabling TCP Dumps A TCP dump captures CPU-bound control plane traffic to improve troubleshooting and system manageability.
65 Standards Compliance This chapter describes standards compliance for Dell EMC Networking products. NOTE: Unless noted, when a standard cited here is listed as supported by the Dell EMC Networking OS, the system also supports predecessor standards. One way to search for predecessor standards is to use the http://tools.ietf.org/ website. Click “Browse and search IETF documents,” enter an RFC number, and inspect the top of the resulting document for obsolescence citations to related RFCs.
RFC and I-D Compliance Dell EMC Networking OS supports the following standards. The standards are grouped by related protocol. The columns showing support by platform indicate which version of Dell EMC Networking OS first supports the standard. General Internet Protocols The following table lists the Dell EMC Networking OS support per platform for general internet protocols. Table 141.
Table 141. General Internet Protocols (continued) R F C # Full Name S-Series S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 6 0 Transfer Protocol 2 4 7 4 Definition of 7.7.1 the Differentiate d Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 2 PPP over 61 SONET/SD 5 H 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 2 6 9 8 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.
Table 142. General IPv4 Protocols (continued) RF C# Full Name S-Series S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 103 DOMAIN NAMES 5 IMPLEMENTATION AND SPECIFICATION (client) 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 104 A Standard for the 2 Transmission of IP Datagrams over IEEE 802 Networks 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 1191 Path MTU Discovery 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.
Table 143. General IPv6 Protocols (continued) RFC Full Name # S-Series S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 246 2 (Par tial) IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 246 4 Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 267 5 IPv6 Jumbograms 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 2711 IPv6 Router Alert Option 8.3.12.0 9.8(0.
Table 144. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) (continued) RFC# Full Name SSeries/ZSeries S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048TON S6010–ON 2842 Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 2858 Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 2918 Route Refresh Capability for BGP-4 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 3065 Autonomous System Confederations for BGP 7.8.1 9.
Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) The following table lists the Dell EMC Networking OS support per platform for IS-IS protocol. Table 146. Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) RFC# Full Name S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 1142 OSI IS-IS Intra-Domain Routing Protocol (ISO DP 10589) 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 1195 Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual Environments 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) The following table lists the Dell EMC Networking OS support per platform for RIP protocol. Table 147. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) RF C# Full Name S-Series S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 105 8 Routing Information Protocol 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 245 RIP Version 3 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 4191 Default Router Preferences and More-Specific Routes 8.3.12.0 9.8(0.
Table 149. Network Management (continued) RFC# Full Name S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 1156 Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 1157 A Simple Network Management 7.6.1 Protocol (SNMP) 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 1212 Concise MIB Definitions 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.
Table 149. Network Management (continued) RFC# Full Name 2575 S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON View-based Access Control 7.6.1 Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 2576 Coexistence Between Version 1, Version 2, and Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.
Table 149. Network Management (continued) RFC# Full Name S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 3418 Management Information Base (MIB) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 3434 Remote Monitoring MIB Extensions for High Capacity Alarms, High-Capacity Alarm Table (64 bits) 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 3580 IEEE 802.
Table 149. Network Management (continued) RFC# Full Name S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON IEEE Management Information Base 802.1A module for LLDP configuration, B statistics, local system data and remote systems data components. 7.7.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) IEEE The LLDP Management 802.1A Information Base extension B module for IEEE 802.1 organizationally defined discovery information. (LLDP DOT1 MIB and LLDP DOT3 MIB) 7.7.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.
Table 149. Network Management (continued) RFC# Full Name FORC E10-IFEXTEN SIONMIB S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON Force10 Enterprise IF Extension 7.6.1 MIB (extends the Interfaces portion of the MIB-2 (RFC 1213) by providing proprietary SNMP OIDs for other counters displayed in the "show interfaces" output) 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) FORC E10LINKA GGMIB Force10 Enterprise Link Aggregation MIB 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.
Table 149. Network Management (continued) RFC# Full Name S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON ALAR M-MIB MIB Location You can find Force10 MIBs under the Force10 MIBs subhead on the Documentation page of iSupport: https://www.force10networks.com/CSPortal20/KnowledgeBase/Documentation.aspx You also can obtain a list of selected MIBs and their OIDs at the following URL: https://www.force10networks.com/CSPortal20/Main/Login.aspx Some pages of iSupport require a login.
66 X.509v3 supports X.509v3 standards. Topics: • • • • • • • • • Introduction to X.509v3 certificates X.509v3 support in Information about installing CA certificates Information about Creating Certificate Signing Requests (CSR) Information about installing trusted certificates Transport layer security (TLS) Online Certificate Status Protocol (OSCP) Verifying certificates Event logging Introduction to X.509v3 certificates X.
Advantages of X.509v3 certificates Public key authentication is preferred over password-based authentication, although both may be used in conjunction, for various reasons. Public-key authentication provides the following advantages over normal password-based authentication: ● Public-key authentication avoids the human problems of low-entropy password selection and provides more resistance to brute-force attacks than password-based authentication.
The other hosts on the network, such as the SUT switch, syslog server, and OCSP server, generate private keys and create Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs). The hosts then upload the CSRs to the Intermediate CA or make the CSRs available for the Intermediate CA to download. generates a CSR using the crypto cert generate request command. The hosts on the network (SUT, syslog, OCSP…) also download and install the CA certificates from the Root and Intermediate CAs.
After the CA certificate is installed, the system can secure communications with TLS servers by verifying certificates that are signed by the CA. Installing CA certificate To install a CA certificate, enter the crypto ca-cert install {path} command in Global Configuration mode. Information about Creating Certificate Signing Requests (CSR) Certificate Signing Request (CSR) enables a device to get a X.509v3 certificate from a CA. In order for a device to get a X.
● ● ● ● ● Common Name Email address Validity Length Alternate Name NOTE: The command contains multiple options with the Common Name being a required field and blanks being filled in for unspecified fields. Information about installing trusted certificates Dell EMC Networking OS also enables you to install a trusted certificate. The system can then present this certificate for authentication to clients such as SSH and HTTPS.
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS compression is disabled by default. TLS session resumption is also supported to reduce processor and traffic overhead due to public key cryptographic operations and handshake traffic.
Configuring OCSP behavior You can configure how the OCSP requests and responses are signed when the CA or the device contacts the OCSP responders. To configure this behavior, follow this step: In CONFIGURATION mode, enter the following command: crypto x509 ocsp {[nonce] [sign-request]} Both the none and sign-request parameters are optional. The default behavior is to not use these two options.
Verifying Client Certificates Verifying client certificates is optional in the TLS protocol and is not explicitly required by Common Criteria. However, TLS-protected Syslog and RADIUS protocols mandate that certificate-based mutual authentication be performed. Event logging The system logs the following events: ● A CA certificate is installed or deleted. ● A self-signed certificate and private key are generated. ● An existing host certificate, a private key, or both are deleted.
