Administrator Guide

Table 17. Circuit ID Format
VLAN ID LAG ID Slot ID Port Str
723 0 1 1
The DHCP relay agent inserts Option 82 before forwarding DHCP packets to the server. The server can use this information to:
• Track the number of address requests per relay agent. Restricting the number of addresses available per relay agent can harden a
server against address exhaustion attacks.
• Associate client MAC addresses with a relay agent to prevent offering an IP address to a client spoofing the same MAC address on a
different relay agent.
• Assign IP addresses according to the relay agent. This prevents generating DHCP offers in response to requests from an unauthorized
relay agent.
The server echoes the option back to the relay agent in its response, and the relay agent uses the information in the option to forward a
reply out the interface on which the request was received, rather than flooding it on the entire VLAN.
The relay agent strips Option 82 from DHCP responses before forwarding them to the client.
By default, Option 82 is not inserted in DHCP packets.
To insert Option 82 into DHCP packets, follow this step.
• Insert Option 82 into DHCP packets.
CONFIGURATION mode
ip dhcp relay information-option [trust-downstream]
For routers between the relay agent and the DHCP server, enter the trust-downstream option.
• Manually reset the remote ID for Option 82.
CONFIGURATION mode
ip dhcp relay information-option remote-id
DHCPv6 relay agent options
The DHCPv6 relay agent inserts Options 18 and 37 before forwarding DHCPv6 packets to the server. These DHCPv6 options are enabled
by default and are not configurable.
Interface ID
(Option 18)
Interface on which the client-originated message is received.
The interface-ID is 12 bytes long and is constructed using three ifindexes: Logical, Received, and Physical. Each of
the ifindex is 4 bytes long.
Remote ID (Option
37)
Identifies the host from which the message is received.
The default values of the Options 18 and 37 are as follows:
• Default Agent Interface ID is constructed in the format VLANID:LagID:SlotID:PortStr. When the port is fanned-out, the
PortStr is represented as mainPort:subPort (all in ASCII format).
• Default Agent Remote ID is the system MAC address of the relay agent that adds Option 37 (in binary format).
DHCP Snooping
DHCP snooping is a feature that protects networks from spoofing. It acts as a firewall between the DHCP server and DHCP clients.
DHCP snooping places the ports either in trusted or non-trusted mode. By default, all ports are set to the non-trusted mode. An attacker
can not connect to the DHCP server through trusted ports. While configuring DHCP snooping, manually configure ports connected to
legitimate servers and relay agents as trusted ports.
When you enable DHCP snooping, the relay agent builds a binding table — using DHCPACK messages — containing the client MAC
address, IP addresses, IP address lease time, port, VLAN ID, and binding type. Every time the relay agent receives a DHCPACK on a
trusted port, it adds an entry to the table.
The relay agent checks all subsequent DHCP client-originated IP traffic (DHCPRELEASE, DHCPNACK, and DHCPDECLINE) against the
binding table to ensure that the MAC-IP address pair is legitimate and that the packet arrived on the correct port. Packets that do not
pass this check are forwarded to the server for validation. This checkpoint prevents an attacker from spoofing a client and declining or
releasing the real client’s address. Server-originated packets (DHCPOFFER, DHCPACK, and DHCPNACK) that arrive on a not trusted
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
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