Dell EMC Networking OS Configuration Guide for the Z9100–ON System 9.14.0.
Notes, cautions, and warnings NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your product. CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem. WARNING: A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death. Copyright © 2018 Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Dell, EMC, and other trademarks are trademarks of Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries.
Contents 1 About this Guide...........................................................................................................................................37 Audience............................................................................................................................................................................37 Conventions.....................................................................................................................................................
Verify Software Images Before Installation...................................................................................................................60 4 Management................................................................................................................................................62 Configuring Privilege Levels............................................................................................................................................
Reloading the system...................................................................................................................................................... 83 Restoring the Factory Default Settings.........................................................................................................................84 Important Points to Remember................................................................................................................................
Configuring Match Routes.......................................................................................................................................115 Configuring Set Conditions...................................................................................................................................... 116 Configure a Route Map for Route Redistribution..................................................................................................
Configure BFD for BGP........................................................................................................................................... 163 Configure BFD for VRRP..........................................................................................................................................171 Configuring Protocol Liveness................................................................................................................................
Enabling Graceful Restart........................................................................................................................................215 Filtering on an AS-Path Attribute........................................................................................................................... 216 Regular Expressions as Filters................................................................................................................................. 217 Redistributing Routes.
Configuring UFT Modes..........................................................................................................................................249 IPv6 CAM ACL Region..................................................................................................................................................249 Important Points to Remember..............................................................................................................................
Operations on Untagged Packets................................................................................................................................ 279 Generation of PFC for a Priority for Untagged Packets...........................................................................................280 Configure Enhanced Transmission Selection..............................................................................................................280 Creating an ETS Priority Group................
DHCP Snooping........................................................................................................................................................315 Drop DHCP Packets on Snooped VLANs Only....................................................................................................320 Dynamic ARP Inspection.........................................................................................................................................320 Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection...
Optimizing the Boot Time.............................................................................................................................................346 Booting Process When Optimized Boot Time Mechanism is Enabled..............................................................346 Guidelines for Configuring Optimized Booting Mechanism................................................................................ 347 Interoperation of Applications with Fast Boot and System States..............
19 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)......................................................................................... 369 IGMP Implementation Information.............................................................................................................................. 369 IGMP Protocol Overview..............................................................................................................................................369 IGMP Version 2..............................
Configuring Layer 2 (Interface) Mode.................................................................................................................. 394 Configuring Layer 3 (Network) Mode...................................................................................................................395 Configuring Layer 3 (Interface) Mode.................................................................................................................. 395 Automatic recovery of an Err-disabled interface..
Using Ethernet Pause Frames for Flow Control........................................................................................................ 420 Enabling Pause Frames........................................................................................................................................... 420 Configure the MTU Size on an Interface.....................................................................................................................
Configuration Tasks for ICMP...................................................................................................................................... 445 Enabling ICMP Unreachable Messages...................................................................................................................... 445 UDP Helper.....................................................................................................................................................................
iSCSI Optimization Overview....................................................................................................................................... 470 Monitoring iSCSI Traffic Flows............................................................................................................................... 472 Application of Quality of Service to iSCSI Traffic Flows......................................................................................
Mirroring flow control packets.....................................................................................................................................505 PFC................................................................................................................................................................................. 505 QoS.............................................................................................................................................................
28 Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)..................................................................................................... 536 802.1AB (LLDP) Overview............................................................................................................................................536 Protocol Data Units................................................................................................................................................. 536 Optional TLVs..................
Related Configuration Tasks...................................................................................................................................562 Enable MSDP................................................................................................................................................................. 566 Manage the Source-Active Cache..............................................................................................................................
Implementation Information......................................................................................................................................... 598 Multicast Policies........................................................................................................................................................... 599 IPv4 Multicast Policies............................................................................................................................................
Autonomous System (AS) Areas........................................................................................................................... 634 Area Types................................................................................................................................................................ 635 Networks and Neighbors........................................................................................................................................636 Router Types.......
Protocol Overview.........................................................................................................................................................685 Requesting Multicast Traffic.................................................................................................................................. 685 Refuse Multicast Traffic..........................................................................................................................................
40 Private VLANs (PVLAN).......................................................................................................................... 720 Private VLAN Concepts................................................................................................................................................720 Using the Private VLAN Commands............................................................................................................................ 721 Configuration Task List.........
Creating WRED Profiles.......................................................................................................................................... 759 Applying a WRED Profile to Traffic........................................................................................................................ 760 Displaying Default and Configured WRED Profiles.............................................................................................. 760 Displaying WRED Drop Statistics...........
Enabling SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes.....................................................................795 Modifying Interface Parameters.................................................................................................................................. 795 Enabling SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes...........................................................................795 Influencing RSTP Root Selection..............................................
User Roles.................................................................................................................................................................842 AAA Authentication and Authorization for Roles.................................................................................................846 Role Accounting.......................................................................................................................................................
Important Points to Remember.............................................................................................................................. 877 Enabling and Disabling sFlow on an Interface.............................................................................................................878 Enabling sFlow Max-Header Size Extended............................................................................................................... 878 sFlow Show Commands......................
MIB Support for PFC no-drop-priority L2Dlf Drop................................................................................................... 905 MIB Support for Monitoring the overall buffer usage for lossy and lossless traffic per XPE...............................906 SNMP Support for WRED Green/Yellow/Red Drop Counters................................................................................ 907 MIB Support to Display the Available Partitions on Flash...........................................
52 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)................................................................................................................. 935 Protocol Overview.........................................................................................................................................................935 Configure Spanning Tree..............................................................................................................................................
Setting the Timezone..............................................................................................................................................965 Set Daylight Saving Time........................................................................................................................................966 Setting Daylight Saving Time Once.......................................................................................................................
Configure Virtual Link Trunking....................................................................................................................................995 Important Points to Remember............................................................................................................................. 995 Configuration Notes................................................................................................................................................
IPv6 Peer Routing in VLT Domains Overview.......................................................................................................... 1049 IPv6 Peer Routing.................................................................................................................................................. 1049 Synchronization of IPv6 ND Entries in a VLT Domain.......................................................................................
VLT Scenario...........................................................................................................................................................1082 NSX Controller-based VXLAN for VLT......................................................................................................................1083 Important Points to Remember............................................................................................................................
Trace Logs......................................................................................................................................................................1142 Auto Save on Crash or Rollover.................................................................................................................................. 1142 Hardware Watchdog Timer..........................................................................................................................................
Syslog over TLS.......................................................................................................................................................1174 Online Certificate Status Protocol (OSCP)................................................................................................................1174 Configuring OCSP setting on CA..........................................................................................................................
1 About this Guide This guide describes the protocols and features the Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS) supports and provides configuration instructions and examples for implementing them. For complete information about all the CLI commands, see the Dell EMC Command Line Reference Guide for your system. The Z9100–ON platform is available with Dell EMC Networking OS version 9.8(1.0) and beyond. Though this guide contains information about protocols, it is not intended to be a complete reference.
2 Configuration Fundamentals The Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS) command line interface (CLI) is a text-based interface you can use to configure interfaces and protocols. The CLI is largely the same for each platform except for some commands and command outputs. The CLI is structured in modes for security and management purposes. Different sets of commands are available in each mode, and you can limit user access to modes using privilege levels.
CLI Modes Different sets of commands are available in each mode. A command found in one mode cannot be executed from another mode (except for EXEC mode commands with a preceding do command (refer to the do Command section). You can set user access rights to commands and command modes using privilege levels. The Dell EMC Networking OS CLI is divided into three major mode levels: • • • EXEC mode is the default mode and has a privilege level of 1, which is the most restricted level.
LINE AUXILLIARY CONSOLE VIRTUAL TERMINAL LLDP LLDP MANAGEMENT INTERFACE MONITOR SESSION MULTIPLE SPANNING TREE OPENFLOW INSTANCE PVST PORT-CHANNEL FAILOVER-GROUP PREFIX-LIST PRIORITY-GROUP PROTOCOL GVRP QOS POLICY RSTP ROUTE-MAP ROUTER BGP BGP ADDRESS-FAMILY ROUTER ISIS ISIS ADDRESS-FAMILY ROUTER OSPF ROUTER OSPFV3 ROUTER RIP SPANNING TREE TRACE-LIST VLT DOMAIN VRRP UPLINK STATE GROUP GRUB Navigating CLI Modes The Dell EMC Networking OS prompt changes to indicate the CLI mode.
CLI Command Mode Prompt Access Command AS-PATH ACL DellEMC(config-as-path)# ip as-path access-list 10 Gigabit Ethernet Interface DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# interface (INTERFACE modes) 25 Gigabit Ethernet Interface DellEMC(conf-if-tf-1/1/1)# interface(INTERFACE modes) 40 Gigabit Ethernet Interface DellEMC(conf-if-fo-1/1/1)# interface (INTERFACE modes) 50 Gigabit Ethernet Interface DellEMC(conf-if-fi-1/1/1)# interface(INTERFACE modes) 100 Gigabit Ethernet Interface DellEMC(conf-if-hu-1/1)#
CLI Command Mode Prompt BGP ADDRESS-FAMILY DellEMC(conf-router_bgp_af)# (for address-family {ipv4 multicast | ipv6 unicast} (ROUTER BGP IPv4) DellEMC(conf-routerZ_bgpv6_af)# Mode) (for IPv6) ROUTER ISIS DellEMC(conf-router_isis)# router isis ISIS ADDRESS-FAMILY DellEMC(conf-router_isisaf_ipv6)# address-family ipv6 unicast (ROUTER ISIS Mode) ROUTER OSPF DellEMC(conf-router_ospf)# router ospf ROUTER OSPFV3 DellEMC(conf-ipv6router_ospf)# ipv6 router ospf ROUTER RIP DellEMC(conf-router_rip)# r
CLI Command Mode Prompt Access Command VRRP DellEMC(conf-if-interface-type- vrrp-group slot/port-vrid-vrrp-group-id)# UPLINK STATE GROUP DellEMC(conf-uplink-stategroup-groupID)# uplink-state-group The following example shows how to change the command mode from CONFIGURATION mode to PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE.
interface tenGigabitEthernet 1/17/1 ip address 192.168.10.1/24 no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/17/1)#no ip address DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/17/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/17/1 no ip address no shutdown Layer 2 protocols are disabled by default. To enable Layer 2 protocols, use the no disable command. For example, in PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode, enter no disable to enable Spanning Tree.
Short-Cut Key Combination Action CNTL-E Moves the cursor to the end of the line. CNTL-F Moves the cursor forward one character. CNTL-I Completes a keyword. CNTL-K Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the command line. CNTL-L Re-enters the previous command. CNTL-N Return to more recent commands in the history buffer after recalling commands with CTRL-P or the UP arrow key. CNTL-P Recalls commands, beginning with the last command. CNTL-R Re-enters the previous command.
Example of the grep Keyword DellEMC#show system brief | grep Management 1 Management online Z9100-ON Z9100-ON DellEMC# 9.8(1.0) 130 NOTE: Dell EMC Networking OS accepts a space or no space before and after the pipe. To filter a phrase with spaces, underscores, or ranges, enclose the phrase with double quotation marks. The except keyword displays text that does not match the specified text. The following example shows this command used in combination with the show system brief command.
If either of these messages appears, Dell EMC Networking recommends coordinating with the users listed in the message so that you do not unintentionally overwrite each other’s configuration changes. Configuring alias command You can configure shorter alias names for single–line command input using the alias command. To configure the alias name, perform the following steps: 1 Configure the terminal to enter the Global Configuration mode.
EXEC Privilege mode DellEMC#show alias details DellEMC# show alias details -----------------------------------------------------------------Name: showipbr10 Definition: show ip interface brief | grep tengig ignore-case ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name: showipbr40 Definition: show ip interface brief | grep fortygig ignore-case -----------------------------------------------------------------DellEMC# 3 Displ
3 Getting Started This chapter describes how you start configuring your system. When you power up the chassis, the system performs a power-on self test (POST) and system then loads the Dell EMC Networking Operating System. Boot messages scroll up the terminal window during this process. No user interaction is required if the boot process proceeds without interruption. When the boot process completes, the system status LEDs remain online (green) and the console monitor displays the EXEC mode prompt.
Console Access The device has one RJ-45/RS-232 console port, an out-of-band (OOB) Ethernet port, and a micro USB-B console port. Serial Console The RS-232 console port is on the left-hand side of the system as you face the I/O side of the chassis, as shown in the following illustration. Figure 1. RJ-45 Console Port 1 RJ-45 console port. Accessing the Console Port To access the console port, follow these steps: For the console port pinout, refer to Accessing the RJ-45 Console Port with a DB-9 Adapter.
Table 2. Pin Assignments Between the Console and a DTE Terminal Server Console Port RJ-45 to RJ-45 Rollover RJ-45 to RJ-45 Rollover RJ-45 to DB-9 Adapter Cable Cable Terminal Server Device Signal RJ-45 Pinout RJ-45 Pinout DB-9 Pin Signal RTS 1 8 8 CTS NC 2 7 6 DSR TxD 3 6 2 RxD GND 4 5 5 GND GND 5 4 5 GND RxD 6 3 3 TxD NC 7 2 4 DTR CTS 8 1 7 RTS Micro USB-B Access The Micro USB type B console port is on the I/O side.
Default Configuration Although a version of Dell EMC Networking OS is pre-loaded onto the system, the system is not configured when you power up the system first time (except for the default hostname, which is DellEMC). You must configure the system using the CLI. Configuring a Host Name The host name appears in the prompt. The default host name is DellEMC. • Host names must start with a letter and end with a letter or digit. • Characters within the string can be letters, digits, and hyphens.
no shutdown Configure a Management Route Define a path from the system to the network from which you are accessing the system remotely. Management routes are separate from IP routes and are only used to manage the system through the management port. To configure a management route, use the following command. • Configure a management route to the network from which you are accessing the system.
NOTE: dynamic-salt option is shown only with secret and password options. In dynamic-salt configuration, the length of type 5 secret and type 7 password is 32 and 16 characters more compared to the secret and password length without dynamic-salt configuration. An error message appears if the username command reaches the maximum length, which is 256 characters. The dynamic-salt support for the user configuration is added in REST API.
• To copy a remote file to Dell EMC Networking system, combine the file-origin syntax for a remote file location with the file-destination syntax for a local file location. Table 3.
Table 4. Mounting an NFS File System File Operation Syntax To mount an NFS file system: mount nfs rhost:path mountpoint username password The foreign file system remains mounted as long as the device is up and does not reboot. You can run the file system commands without having to mount or un-mount the file system each time you run a command. When you save the configuration using the write command, the mount command is saved to the startup configuration.
24 bytes successfully copied DellEMC# DellEMC#copy tftp://10.16.127.35/username/dv-maa-test ? flash: Copy to local file system ([flash://]filepath) nfsmount: Copy to nfs mount file system (nfsmount:///filepath) running-config remote host: Destination file name [test.c]: ! 225 bytes successfully copied DellEMC# Save the Running-Configuration The running-configuration contains the current system configuration. Dell EMC Networking recommends coping your running-configuration to the startup-configuration.
• dir flash: View the running-configuration. EXEC Privilege mode • show running-config View the startup-configuration. EXEC Privilege mode show startup-config Example of the dir Command The output of the dir command also shows the read/write privileges, size (in bytes), and date of modification for each file.
show file-systems The output of the show file-systems command in the following example shows the total capacity, amount of free memory, file structure, media type, read/write privileges for each storage device in use.
In the Dell EMC Networking OS release 9.8(0.0), HTTP services support the VRF-aware functionality. If you want the HTTP server to use a VRF table that is attached to an interface, configure that HTTP server to use a specific routing table. You can use the ip http vrf command to inform the HTTP server to use a specific routing table. After you configure this setting, the VRF table is used to look up the destination address.
• flash: (Optional) Specifies the flash drive. The default uses the flash drive. You can enter the image file name. • hash-value: (Optional). Specify the relevant hash published on iSupport.
4 Management This chapter describes the different protocols or services used to manage the Dell EMC Networking system.
Creating a Custom Privilege Level Custom privilege levels start with the default EXEC mode command set. You can then customize privilege levels 2-14 by: • restricting access to an EXEC mode command • moving commands from EXEC Privilege to EXEC mode • restricting access A user can access all commands at his privilege level and below.
• removes the resequence command from EXEC mode by requiring a minimum of privilege level 4 • allows access to CONFIGURATION mode with the banner command • allows access to INTERFACE tengigabitethernet and LINE modes are allowed with no commands • Remove a command from the list of available commands in EXEC mode. CONFIGURATION mode • privilege exec level level {command ||...|| command} Move a command from EXEC Privilege to EXEC mode. CONFIGURATION mode • privilege exec level level {command ||...
exit Exit from interface configuration mode DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/26/1)#exit DellEMC(conf)# DellEMC(conf)#line ? console Primary terminal line vty Virtual terminal DellEMC(conf)#line vty 0 DellEMC(config-line-vty)#exit DellEMC(conf)# Applying a Privilege Level to a Username To set the user privilege level, use the following command. • Configure a privilege level for a user.
CONFIGURATION mode no logging console Audit and Security Logs This section describes how to configure, display, and clear audit and security logs. The following is the configuration task list for audit and security logs: • Enabling Audit and Security Logs • Displaying Audit and Security Logs • Clearing Audit Logs Enabling Audit and Security Logs You enable audit and security logs to monitor configuration changes or determine if these changes affect the operation of the system in the network.
Example of Enabling Audit and Security Logs DellEMC(conf)#logging extended Displaying Audit and Security Logs To display audit logs, use the show logging auditlog command in Exec mode. To view these logs, you must first enable the logging extended command. Only the RBAC system administrator user role can view the audit logs. Only the RBAC security administrator and system administrator user role can view the security logs.
Figure 2. Setting Up a Secure Connection to a Syslog Server Pre-requisites To configure a secure connection from the switch to the syslog server: 1 On the switch, enable the SSH server DellEMC(conf)#ip ssh server enable 2 On the syslog server, create a reverse SSH tunnel from the syslog server to the Dell OS switch, using following syntax: ssh -R :: user@remote_host -nNf In the following example the syslog server IP address is 10.156.166.
Log Messages in the Internal Buffer All error messages, except those beginning with %BOOTUP (Message), are log in the internal buffer.
• Configure a UNIX system as a syslog server by adding the following lines to /etc/syslog.conf on the UNIX system and assigning write permissions to the file. – Add line on a 4.1 BSD UNIX system. local7.debugging /var/log/ftos.log – Add line on a 5.7 SunOS UNIX system. local7.debugging /var/adm/ftos.log In the previous lines, local7 is the logging facility level and debugging is the severity level.
Display Login Statistics To view the login statistics, use the show login statistics command. Example of the show login statistics Command The show login statistics command displays the successful and failed login details of the current user in the last 30 days or the custom defined time period. DellEMC#show login statistics -----------------------------------------------------------------User: admin Last login time: 12:52:01 UTC Tue Mar 22 2016 Last login location: Line vty0 ( 10.16.127.
Example of the show login statistics user user-id command The show login statistics user user-id command displays the successful and failed login details of a specific user in the last 30 days or the custom defined time period. DellEMC# show login statistics user admin -----------------------------------------------------------------User: admin Last login time: 12:52:01 UTC Tue Mar 22 2016 Last login location: Line vty0 ( 10.16.127.
login concurrent-session limit number-of-sessions Example of Configuring Concurrent Session Limit The following example limits the permitted number of concurrent login sessions to 4. DellEMC(config)#login concurrent-session limit 4 Enabling the System to Clear Existing Sessions To enable the system to clear existing login sessions, follow this procedure: • Use the following command.
Enabling Secured CLI Mode The secured CLI mode prevents the users from enhancing the permissions or promoting the privilege levels. • Enter the following command to enable the secured CLI mode: CONFIGURATION Mode secure-cli enable After entering the command, save the running-configuration. Once you save the running-configuration, the secured CLI mode is enabled. If you do not want to enter the secured mode, do not save the running-configuration.
To view the logging buffer and configuration, use the show logging command in EXEC privilege mode, as shown in the example for Display the Logging Buffer and the Logging Configuration. To view the logging configuration, use the show running-config logging command in privilege mode, as shown in the example for Configure a UNIX Logging Facility Level.
– lpr (for line printer system messages) – mail (for mail system messages) – news (for USENET news messages) – sys9 (system use) – sys10 (system use) – sys11 (system use) – sys12 (system use) – sys13 (system use) – sys14 (system use) – syslog (for syslog messages) – user (for user programs) – uucp (UNIX to UNIX copy protocol) Example of the show running-config logging Command To view nondefault settings, use the show running-config logging command in EXEC mode.
• limit: the range is from 20 to 300. The default is 20. To view the logging synchronous configuration, use the show config command in LINE mode. Enabling Timestamp on Syslog Messages By default, syslog messages include a time/date stamp, taken from the datetime, stating when the error or message was created. To enable timestamp, use the following command. • Add timestamp to syslog messages.
Enabling the FTP Server To enable the system as an FTP server, use the following command. To view FTP configuration, use the show running-config ftp command in EXEC privilege mode. • Enable FTP on the system. CONFIGURATION mode ftp-server enable Example of Viewing FTP Configuration DellEMC#show running ftp ! ftp-server enable ftp-server username nairobi password 0 zanzibar DellEMC# Configuring FTP Server Parameters After you enable the FTP server on the system, you can configure different parameters.
– For a 50-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fiftyGigE then the slot/port/subport information. – For a 100-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword hundredGigE then the slot/port information. – For a Loopback interface, enter the keyword loopback then a number from 0 to 16383. – For a port channel interface, enter the keywords port-channel then a number. – For a VLAN interface, enter the keyword vlan then a number from 1 to 4094.
Example of an ACL that Permits Terminal Access Example Configuration To view the configuration, use the show config command in LINE mode. DellEMC(config-std-nacl)#show config ! ip access-list standard myvtyacl seq 5 permit host 10.11.0.1 DellEMC(config-std-nacl)#line vty 0 DellEMC(config-line-vty)#show config line vty 0 access-class myvtyacl DellEMC(conf-ipv6-acl)#do show run acl ! ip access-list extended testdeny seq 10 deny ip 30.1.1.
aaa authentication login {method-list-name | default} [method-1] [method-2] [method-3] [method-4] [method-5] [method-6] 2 Apply the method list from Step 1 to a terminal line. CONFIGURATION mode login authentication {method-list-name | default} 3 If you used the line authentication method in the method list you applied to the terminal line, configure a password for the terminal line.
Using Telnet to get to Another Network Device To telnet to another device, use the following commands. NOTE: The device allows 120 Telnet sessions per minute, allowing the login and logout of 10 Telnet sessions, 12 times in a minute. If the system reaches this non-practical limit, the Telnet service is stopped for 10 minutes. You can use console and SSH service to access the system during downtime. • Telnet to a device with an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
Example of Locking CONFIGURATION Mode for Single-User Access DellEMC(conf)#configuration mode exclusive auto BATMAN(conf)#exit 3d23h35m: %RPM0-P:CP %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console DellEMC#config ! Locks configuration mode exclusively. DellEMC(conf)# If another user attempts to enter CONFIGURATION mode while a lock is in place, the following appears on their terminal (message 1): % Error: User "" on line console0 is in exclusive configuration mode.
The following example shows how to reload the system into ONIE mode: DellEMC#reload onie Proceed with reload [confirm yes/no]: yes The following example shows how to reload the system into ONIE prompt and enter the install mode directly: DellEMC#reload onie install Proceed with reload [confirm yes/no]: yes Restoring the Factory Default Settings Restoring the factory-default settings deletes the existing NVRAM settings, startup configuration, and all configured settings such as, stacking or fanout.
lines are set to a Null String. If both the partitions contain invalid images, then primary, secondary, and default boot line values are set to a Null string. When you use the Network boot procedure to boot the device, the boot loader checks if the primary partition contains a valid image. If a valid image exists on the primary partition and the secondary partition does not contain a valid image, then the primary boot line is set to A: and the secondary and default boot lines are set to a Null string.
5 802.1X 802.1X is a port-based Network Access Control (PNAC) that provides an authentication mechanism to devices wishing to attach to a LAN or WLAN. A device connected to a port that is enabled with 802.1X is disallowed from sending or receiving packets on the network until its identity is verified (through a username and password, for example). 802.
Figure 4. EAP Frames Encapsulated in Ethernet and RADUIS The authentication process involves three devices: • The device attempting to access the network is the supplicant. The supplicant is not allowed to communicate on the network until the authenticator authorizes the port. It can only communicate with the authenticator in response to 802.1X requests. • The device with which the supplicant communicates is the authenticator. The authenticator is the gate keeper of the network.
• Configuring Timeouts • Configuring Dynamic VLAN Assignment with Port Authentication • Guest and Authentication-Fail VLANs Port-Authentication Process The authentication process begins when the authenticator senses that a link status has changed from down to up: 1 When the authenticator senses a link state change, it requests that the supplicant identify itself using an EAP Identity Request frame. 2 The supplicant responds with its identity in an EAP Response Identity frame.
Figure 6. EAP Over RADIUS RADIUS Attributes for 802.1X Support Dell EMC Networking systems include the following RADIUS attributes in all 802.1X-triggered Access-Request messages: Attribute 31 Calling-station-id: relays the supplicant MAC address to the authentication server. Attribute 41 NAS-Port-Type: NAS-port physical port type. 15 indicates Ethernet. Attribute 61 NAS-Port: the physical port number by which the authenticator is connected to the supplicant.
Enabling 802.1X Enable 802.1X globally. Figure 7. 802.1X Enabled 1 Enable 802.1X globally. CONFIGURATION mode dot1x authentication 2 Enter INTERFACE mode on an interface or a range of interfaces. INTERFACE mode interface [range] 3 Enable 802.1X on the supplicant interface only. INTERFACE mode dot1x authentication Examples of Verifying that 802.1X is Enabled Globally and on an Interface Verify that 802.
In the following example, the bold lines show that 802.1X is enabled. DellEMC#show running-config | find dot1x dot1x authentication ! [output omitted] ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1/1 no ip address dot1x authentication no shutdown ! DellEMC# To view 802.1X configuration information for an interface, use the show dot1x interface command. In the following example, the bold lines show that 802.1X is enabled on all ports unauthorized by default. DellEMC#show dot1x interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1/1 802.
802.1x profile information ----------------------------Dot1x Profile test Profile MACs 00:00:00:00:01:11 Configuring the Static MAB and MAB Profile Enable MAB (mac-auth-bypass) before using the dot1x static-mab command to enable static mab. To enable static MAB and configure a static MAB profile, use the following commands. • Configure static MAB and static MAB profile on dot1x interface. INTERFACE mode dot1x static-mab profile profile-name Eenter a name to configure the static MAB profile name.
• Enable critical VLAN for users or devices INTERFACE mode dot1x critical-vlan [{vlan-id}] Specify a VLAN interface identifier to be configured as a critical VLAN. The VLAN ID range is 1– 4094. Example of Configuring a Critical VLAN for an Interface DellEMC(conf-if-Te-2/1)#dot1x critical-vlan 300 DellEMC(conf-if-Te 2/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1 switchport dot1x critical-vlan 300 no shutdown DellEMC#show dot1x interface tengigabitethernet 2/1 802.
dot1x profile sample mac 00:50:56:aa:01:10 mac 00:50:56:aa:01:11 DellEMC(conf-dot1x-profile)# DellEMC(conf-dot1x-profile)#exit DellEMC(conf)# Configuring Request Identity Re-Transmissions When the authenticator sends a Request Identity frame and the supplicant does not respond, the authenticator waits for 30 seconds and then re-transmits the frame. The amount of time that the authenticator waits before re-transmitting and the maximum number of times that the authenticator retransmits can be configured.
Example of Configuring and Verifying Port Authentication The following example shows configuration information for a port for which the authenticator re-transmits an EAP Request Identity frame: • after 90 seconds and a maximum of 10 times for an unresponsive supplicant • re-transmits an EAP Request Identity frame The bold lines show the new re-transmit interval, new quiet period, and new maximum re-transmissions.
Port Control: Port Auth Status: Re-Authentication: Untagged VLAN id: Tx Period: Quiet Period: ReAuth Max: Supplicant Timeout: Server Timeout: Re-Auth Interval: Max-EAP-Req: Auth Type: Auth PAE State: Backend State: Auth PAE State: Backend State: FORCE_AUTHORIZED UNAUTHORIZED Disable None 90 seconds 120 seconds 2 30 seconds 30 seconds 3600 seconds 10 SINGLE_HOST Initialize Initialize Initialize Initialize Re-Authenticating a Port You can configure the authenticator for periodic re-authentication.
Auth Type: Auth PAE State: Backend State: Auth PAE State: Backend State: SINGLE_HOST Initialize Initialize Initialize Initialize Configuring Timeouts If the supplicant or the authentication server is unresponsive, the authenticator terminates the authentication process after 30 seconds by default. You can configure the amount of time the authenticator waits for a response.
Configuring Dynamic VLAN Assignment with Port Authentication Dell EMC Networking OS supports dynamic VLAN assignment when using 802.1X. The basis for VLAN assignment is RADIUS attribute 81, Tunnel-Private-Group-ID.
5 Verify that the port has been authorized and placed in the desired VLAN (refer to the illustration in Dynamic VLAN Assignment with Port Authentication). Guest and Authentication-Fail VLANs Typically, the authenticator (the Dell system) denies the supplicant access to the network until the supplicant is authenticated.
Example of Configuring Maximum Authentication Attempts DellEMC(conf-if-Te-1/1/1)#dot1x guest-vlan 200 DellEMC(conf-if-Te-1/1/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 switchport dot1x authentication dot1x guest-vlan 200 no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-Te-1/1/1)# DellEMC(conf-if-Te-1/1/1)#dot1x auth-fail-vlan 100 max-attempts 5 DellEMC(conf-if-Te-1/1/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 switchport dot1x authentication dot1x guest-vlan 200 dot1x auth-fail-vlan 100 max-attempts 5 no shutdo
6 Access Control List (ACL) VLAN Groups and Content Addressable Memory (CAM) This section describes the access control list (ACL) virtual local area network (VLAN) group, and content addressable memory (CAM) enhancements. Optimizing CAM Utilization During the Attachment of ACLs to VLANs To minimize the number of entries in CAM, enable and configure the ACL CAM feature. Use this feature when you apply ACLs to a VLAN (or a set of VLANs) and when you apply ACLs to a set of ports.
• The ACL VLAN group is deleted and it does not contain VLAN members. • The ACL is applied or removed from a group and the ACL group does not contain a VLAN member. • The description of the ACL group is added or removed. Guidelines for Configuring ACL VLAN Groups Keep the following points in mind when you configure ACL VLAN groups: • The interfaces where you apply the ACL VLAN group function as restricted interfaces.
description description 3 Apply an egress IP ACL to the ACL VLAN group. CONFIGURATION (conf-acl-vl-grp) mode ip access-group {group name} out implicit-permit 4 Add VLAN member(s) to an ACL VLAN group. CONFIGURATION (conf-acl-vl-grp) mode member vlan {VLAN-range} 5 Display all the ACL VLAN groups or display a specific ACL VLAN group, identified by name.
EXEC Privilege mode DellEMC#show cam-usage switch Stackunit|Portpipe| CAM Partition | Total CAM | Used CAM |Available CAM ========|========|=================|============|============|============= 1 | 0 | IN-L2 ACL | 1536 | 0 | 1536 | | OUT-L2 ACL | 206 | 9 | 197 Codes: * - cam usage is above 90%. Viewing CAM Usage View the amount of CAM space available, used, and remaining in each partition (including IPv4Flow and Layer 2 ACL sub- partitions) using the show cam-usage command in EXEC Privilege mode.
| | OUT-V6 ACL | Codes: * - cam usage is above 90%.
Restrictions for ACL Optimization After you enable ACL optimization, the system does not support the following features: • Mirroring dropped packets • Ability to specify filtering for routed traffic only • ACLs applied on physical ports with VRF ranges • ACLs with filter parameters such as DSCP and ECN • PIM VLT • Filtering noninitial fragments of a datagram If your ACL rules contain the following keywords, the system accepts the configuration and shows a message stating that these features are
7 Access Control Lists (ACLs) This chapter describes access control lists (ACLs), prefix lists, and route-maps. At their simplest, access control lists (ACLs), prefix lists, and route-maps permit or deny traffic based on MAC and/or IP addresses. This chapter describes implementing IP ACLs, IP prefix lists and route-maps. For MAC ACLS, refer to Layer 2.
Topics: • IP Access Control Lists (ACLs) • Configure ACL Range Profiles • Important Points to Remember • IP Fragment Handling • Configure a Standard IP ACL • Configure an Extended IP ACL • Configure Layer 2 and Layer 3 ACLs • Assign an IP ACL to an Interface • Applying an IP ACL • Configure Ingress ACLs • Configure Egress ACLs • Configuring UDF ACL • IP Prefix Lists • ACL Remarks • ACL Resequencing • Route Maps IP Access Control Lists (ACLs) In Dell EMC Networking switch/rout
CAM Usage The following section describes CAM allocation and CAM optimization. • User Configurable CAM Allocation • CAM Optimization User Configurable CAM Allocation Allocate space for IPV6 ACLs by using the cam-acl command in CONFIGURATION mode. The CAM space is allotted in filter processor (FP) blocks. The total space allocated must equal 9 FP blocks. (There are 12 FP blocks, but System Flow requires three blocks that cannot be reallocated.) Enter the ipv6acl allocation as a factor of 3 (3, 6, 9).
Allocating ACL VLAN CAM CAM optimization for ACL VLAN groups is not enabled by default. You must allocate blocks of ACL VLAN CAM to enable ACL CAM optimization by using the cam-acl-vlan command. By default, 0 blocks of CAM are allocated for VLAN services in the VLAN Content Aware Processor (VCAP), an application that modifies VLAN settings before forwarding packets on member interfaces.
ACL Optimization If an access list contains duplicate entries, Dell EMC Networking OS deletes one entry to conserve CAM space. Standard and extended ACLs take up the same amount of CAM space. A single ACL rule uses two CAM entries to identify whether the access list is a standard or extended ACL.
NOTE: If you enable this feature, router traffic is not filtered by the ACL. 2 Create a range profile after entering the ACL Profile Configuration mode.
• • • • Create a route map (mandatory) Configure route map filters (optional) Configure a route map for route redistribution (optional) Configure a route map for route tagging (optional) Creating a Route Map Route maps, ACLs, and prefix lists are similar in composition because all three contain filters, but route map filters do not contain the permit and deny actions found in ACLs and prefix lists. Route map filters match certain routes and set or specific values.
tag 35 level stub-area DellEMC# The following example shows a route map with multiple instances. The show config command displays only the configuration of the current route map instance. To view all instances of a specific route map, use the show route-map command.
DellEMC(conf)#route-map force deny 30 DellEMC(config-route-map)#match tag 1000 Configuring Match Routes To configure match criterion for a route map, use the following commands. • Match routes with the same AS-PATH numbers. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode • match as-path as-path-name Match routes with COMMUNITY list attributes in their path. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode • match community community-list-name [exact] Match routes whose next hop is a specific interface.
• Match routes with a specific value. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode • match metric metric-value Match BGP routes based on the ORIGIN attribute. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode • match origin {egp | igp | incomplete} Match routes specified as internal or external to OSPF, ISIS level-1, ISIS level-2, or locally generated. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode • match route-type {external [type-1 | type-2] | internal | level-1 | level-2 | local } Match routes with a specific tag.
• set ipv6 next-hop ip-address Assign an ORIGIN attribute. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode • set origin {egp | igp | incomplete} Specify a tag for the redistributed routes. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode • set tag tag-value Specify a value as the route’s weight. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode set weight value To create route map instances, use these commands. There is no limit to the number of set commands per route map, but the convention is to keep the number of set filters in a route map low.
Example of the redistribute Command Using a Route Tag ! router rip redistribute ospf 34 metric 1 route-map torip ! route-map torip permit 10 match route-type internal set tag 34 ! Continue Clause Normally, when a match is found, set clauses are executed, and the packet is then forwarded; no more route-map modules are processed. If you configure the continue command at the end of a module, the next module (or a specified module) is processed even after a match is found.
DellEMC(conf-ext-nacl)#deny ip any 10.1.1.1/32 fragments DellEMC(conf-ext-nacl) Example of Denying Second and Subsequent Fragments To deny the second/subsequent fragments, use the same rules in a different order. These ACLs deny all second and subsequent fragments with destination IP 10.1.1.1 but permit the first fragment and non-fragmented packets with destination IP 10.1.1.1. DellEMC(conf)#ip access-list extended ABC DellEMC(conf-ext-nacl)#deny ip any 10.1.1.
When an ACL filters packets, it looks at the fragment offset (FO) to determine whether it is a fragment. • FO = 0 means it is either the first fragment or the packet is a non-fragment. • FO > 0 means it is dealing with the fragments of the original packet. Configure a Standard IP ACL To configure an ACL, use commands in IP ACCESS LIST mode and INTERFACE mode. For a complete list of all the commands related to IP ACLs, refer to the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Line Interface Reference Guide.
Configuring a Standard IP ACL Filter If you are creating a standard ACL with only one or two filters, you can let Dell EMC Networking OS assign a sequence number based on the order in which the filters are configured. The software assigns filters in multiples of five. 1 Configure a standard IP ACL and assign it a unique name. CONFIGURATION mode ip access-list standard access-list-name 2 Configure a drop or forward IP ACL filter.
Configuring Filters with a Sequence Number To configure filters with a sequence number, use the following commands. 1 Enter IP ACCESS LIST mode by creating an extended IP ACL. CONFIGURATION mode ip access-list extended access-list-name 2 Configure a drop or forward filter.
The following example shows the configuration to filter ICMP packets using IPv4 ACL: DellEMC(config-ext-nacl)#show config ! ip access-list extended icmp seq 5 permit icmp any any echo count seq 10 permit icmp any any echo-reply count seq 15 permit icmp any any host-unreachable count seq 20 permit icmp any any host-unknown count seq 25 permit icmp any any network-unknown count seq 30 permit icmp any any net-unreachable count seq 35 permit icmp any any packet-too-big count seq 40 permit icmp any any parameter
Configure Filters, TCP Packets To create a filter for TCP packets with a specified sequence number, use the following commands. 1 Create an extended IP ACL and assign it a unique name. CONFIGURATION mode ip access-list extended access-list-name 2 Configure an extended IP ACL filter for TCP packets.
CONFIG-EXT-NACL mode {deny | permit} {source mask | any | host ip-address} [count [byte]] [order] [monitor [session-id]] [fragments] • Configure a deny or permit filter to examine TCP packets. CONFIG-EXT-NACL mode {deny | permit} tcp {source mask] | any | host ip-address}} [count [byte]] [order] [monitor [session-id]] [fragments] • Configure a deny or permit filter to examine UDP packets.
L2 ACL Behavior L3 ACL Behavior Decision on Targeted Traffic Permit Deny L3 ACL denies. Permit Permit L3 ACL permits. NOTE: If you configure an interface as a vlan-stack access port, only the L2 ACL filters the packets. The L3 ACL applied to such a port does not affect traffic. That is, existing rules for other features (such as trace-list, policy-based routing [PBR], and QoS) are applied to the permitted traffic. For information about MAC ACLs, refer to Layer 2.
ip address 10.2.1.100 255.255.255.0 ip access-group nimule in no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if)# To filter traffic on Telnet sessions, use only standard ACLs in the access-class command. Counting ACL Hits You can view the number of packets matching the ACL by using the count option when creating ACL entries. 1 Create an ACL that uses rules with the count option. Refer to Configure a Standard IP ACL Filter. 2 Apply the ACL as an inbound or outbound ACL on an interface.
To restrict egress traffic, use an egress ACL. For example, when a denial of service (DOS) attack traffic is isolated to a specific interface, you can apply an egress ACL to block the flow from the exiting the box, thus protecting downstream devices. To create an egress ACL, use the ip access-group command in EXEC Privilege mode. The example shows viewing the configuration, applying rules to the newly created access group, and viewing the access list.
CONFIGURATION mode ipv6 control-plane [egress filter] 3 Create a Layer 3 ACL using permit rules with the count option to describe the desired CPU traffic. CONFIG-NACL mode permit ip {source mask | any | host ip-address} {destination mask | any | host ip-address} count [monitor [session-id]] Dell EMC Networking OS Behavior: Virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP) hellos and internet group management protocol (IGMP) packets are not affected when you enable egress ACL filtering for CPU traffic.
-- stack-unit 1 -Current Settings(in block sizes) 1 block = 256 entries L2Acl : 2 Ipv4Acl : 2 Ipv6Acl : 0 Ipv4Qos : 2 L2Qos : 1 L2PT : 0 IpMacAcl : 0 VmanQos : 0 EcfmAcl : 2 FcoeAcl : 4 ipv4pbr : 0 vrfv4Acl : 0 Openflow : 0 fedgovacl : 0 nlbclusteracl: 0 Next Boot(in block sizes) 1 8(UdfEnabled) 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DellEMC# 4 Create a UDF packet format in the UDF TCAM table.
udf-qualifier-value name DellEMC(conf-udf-tcam)# udf-qualifier-value ipnip_val1 10 Assign a value to a UDF ID. CONFIGURATION-UDF-Qualifier-Value Profile mode udf-id 1-12 value mask DellEMC(conf-udf-tcam-qual-val)#udf-id 1 aa ff 11 Associate the UDF qualifier value with a UDF packet profile in an IP access list.
Implementation Information In Dell EMC Networking OS, prefix lists are used in processing routes for routing protocols (for example, router information protocol [RIP], open shortest path first [OSPF], and border gateway protocol [BGP]). NOTE: It is important to know which protocol your system supports prior to implementing prefix-lists. Configuration Task List for Prefix Lists To configure a prefix list, use commands in PREFIX LIST, ROUTER RIP, ROUTER OSPF, and ROUTER BGP modes.
seq 12 deny 134.23.0.0/16 seq 15 deny 120.0.0.0/8 le 16 seq 20 permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32 DellEMC(conf-nprefixl)# NOTE: The last line in the prefix list Juba contains a “permit all” statement. By including this line in a prefix list, you specify that all routes not matching any criteria in the prefix list are forwarded. To delete a filter, use the no seq sequence-number command in PREFIX LIST mode.
Examples of the show ip prefix-list Command The following example shows the show ip prefix-list detail command. DellEMC>show ip prefix detail Prefix-list with the last deletion/insertion: filter_ospf ip prefix-list filter_in: count: 3, range entries: 3, sequences: 5 - 10 seq 5 deny 1.102.0.0/16 le 32 (hit count: 0) seq 6 deny 2.1.0.0/16 ge 23 (hit count: 0) seq 10 permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32 (hit count: 0) ip prefix-list filter_ospf: count: 4, range entries: 1, sequences: 5 - 10 seq 5 deny 100.100.1.
network 10.0.0.0 DellEMC(conf-router_rip)#router ospf 34 Applying a Filter to a Prefix List (OSPF) To apply a filter to routes in open shortest path first (OSPF), use the following commands. • Enter OSPF mode. CONFIGURATION mode • router ospf Apply a configured prefix list to incoming routes. You can specify an interface. If you enter the name of a non-existent prefix list, all routes are forwarded.
ip access-list {extended | standard} access-list-name ipv6 access-list {extended | standard} access-list-name 2 Define the ACL rule. CONFIG-EXT-NACL mode or CONFIG-STD-NACL seq sequence-number {permit | deny} options 3 Write a remark. CONFIG-EXT-NACL mode or CONFIG-STD-NACL remark [remark-number] remark-text The remark number is optional.
ACL Resequencing ACL resequencing allows you to re-number the rules and remarks in an access or prefix list. The placement of rules within the list is critical because packets are matched against rules in sequential order. To order new rules using the current numbering scheme, use resequencing whenever there is no opportunity. For example, the following table contains some rules that are numbered in increments of 1.
ip access-list extended test remark 4 XYZ remark 5 this remark corresponds to permit any host 1.1.1.1 seq 5 permit ip any host 1.1.1.1 remark 9 ABC remark 10 this remark corresponds to permit ip any host 1.1.1.2 seq 10 permit ip any host 1.1.1.2 seq 15 permit ip any host 1.1.1.3 seq 20 permit ip any host 1.1.1.4 DellEMC# end DellEMC# resequence access-list ipv4 test 2 2 DellEMC# show running-config acl ! ip access-list extended test remark 2 XYZ remark 4 this remark corresponds to permit any host 1.1.1.
Route maps also have an “implicit deny.” Unlike ACLs and prefix lists; however, where the packet or traffic is dropped, in route maps, if a route does not match any of the route map conditions, the route is not redistributed. The implementation of route maps allows route maps with the no match or no set commands. When there is no match command, all traffic matches the route map and the set command applies.
8 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) BFD is a protocol that is used to rapidly detect communication failures between two adjacent systems. It is a simple and lightweight replacement for existing routing protocol link state detection mechanisms. It also provides a failure detection solution for links on which no routing protocol is used. BFD is a simple hello mechanism. Two neighboring systems running BFD establish a session using a three-way handshake.
BFD Packet Format Control packets are encapsulated in user datagram protocol (UDP) packets. The following illustration shows the complete encapsulation of a BFD control packet inside an IPv4 packet. Figure 9. BFD in IPv4 Packet Format Field Description Diagnostic Code The reason that the last session failed. State The current local session state. Refer to BFD Sessions. Flag A bit that indicates packet function.
Field Description Detection Multiplier The number of packets that must be missed in order to declare a session down. Length The entire length of the BFD packet. My Discriminator A random number generated by the local system to identify the session. Your Discriminator A random number generated by the remote system to identify the session. Discriminator values are necessary to identify the session to which a control packet belongs because there can be many sessions running on a single interface.
Demand mode If one system requests Demand mode, the other system stops sending periodic control packets; it only sends a response to status inquiries from the Demand mode initiator. Either system (but not both) can request Demand mode at any time. NOTE: Dell EMC Networking OS supports Asynchronous mode only. A session can have four states: Administratively Down, Down, Init, and Up. State Description Administratively Down The local system does not participate in a particular session.
Figure 10.
Session State Changes The following illustration shows how the session state on a system changes based on the status notification it receives from the remote system. For example, if a session on a system is down and it receives a Down status notification from the remote system, the session state on the local system changes to Init. Figure 11.
• Configure BFD for OSPF • Configure BFD for OSPFv3 • Configure BFD for IS-IS • Configure BFD for BGP • Configure BFD for VRRP • Configuring Protocol Liveness Configure BFD for Physical Ports Configuring BFD for physical ports is supported on the C-Series and E-Series platforms only. BFD on physical ports is useful when you do not enable the routing protocol.
Example of Viewing Session Parameters R1(conf-if-te-4/24/1)#bfd interval 100 min_rx 100 multiplier 4 role passive R1(conf-if-te-4/24/1)#do show bfd neighbors detail Session Discriminator: 1 Neighbor Discriminator: 1 Local Addr: 2.2.2.1 Local MAC Addr: 00:01:e8:09:c3:e5 Remote Addr: 2.2.2.
2 Configure static routes on both routers on the system (either local or remote). 3 Configure an IP route to connect BFD on the static routes using the ip route bfd command. Related Configuration Tasks • Changing Static Route Session Parameters • Disabling BFD for Static Routes Establishing Sessions for Static Routes for Default VRF Sessions are established for all neighbors that are the next hop of a static route on the default VRF. Figure 12.
Establishing Sessions for Static Routes for Nondefault VRF You can also create nondefault VRFs and establish sessions for all neighbors that are the next hop of a static route. To establish a BFD session for nondefault VRFs, use the following command. • Establish BFD sessions for all neighbors that are the next hop of a static route.
LocalAddr RemoteAddr Interface State Rx-int Tx-int Mult VRF Clients * 13.1.1.1 13.1.1.2 Te 1/1/2 Up 200 200 3 2 R * 23.1.1.1 23.1.1.2 Vl 300 Up 200 200 3 2 R * 33.1.1.1 33.1.1.2 Vl 301 Up 200 200 3 2 R Establishing Static Route Sessions on Specific Neighbors You can selectively enable BFD sessions on specific neighbors based on a destination prefix-list.
Changing Static Route Session Parameters BFD sessions are configured with default intervals and a default role. The parameters you can configure are: Desired TX Interval, Required Min RX Interval, Detection Multiplier, and system role. These parameters are configured for all static routes. If you change a parameter, the change affects all sessions for static routes. To change parameters for static route sessions, use the following command . • Change parameters for all static route sessions.
ipv6 route bfd [prefix-list prefix-list-name] [interval interval min_rx min_rx multiplier value role {active | passive}] Example of the show bfd neighbors Command to Verify Static Routes To verify that sessions have been created for static routes, use the show bfd neighbors command.
LocalAddr * 11::1 RemoteAddr 11::2 Interface Te 1/1/1 State Rx-int Tx-int Mult Clients Up 200 200 3 R * 21::1 21::2 Vl 100 Up 200 200 3 R * 31::1 31::2 Vl 101 Up 200 200 3 R The following example shows that sessions are created for static routes for the nondefault VRFs.
Related Configuration Tasks • Changing OSPF Session Parameters • Disabling BFD for OSPF Establishing Sessions with OSPF Neighbors for the Default VRF BFD sessions can be established with all OSPF neighbors at once or sessions can be established with all neighbors out of a specific interface. Sessions are only established when the OSPF adjacency is in the Full state. Figure 13.
• Establish sessions with all OSPF neighbors. ROUTER-OSPF mode bfd all-neighbors • Establish sessions with OSPF neighbors on a single interface. INTERFACE mode ip ospf bfd all-neighbors Example of Verifying Sessions with OSPF Neighbors To view the established sessions, use the show bfd neighbors command. The bold line shows the OSPF BFD sessions.
The following example shows the show bfd neighbors command output. show bfd neighbors * Ad Dn B C I O O3 R M V VT - Active session role Admin Down BGP CLI ISIS OSPF OSPFv3 Static Route (RTM) MPLS VRRP Vxlan Tunnel LocalAddr * 5.1.1.1 RemoteAddr 5.1.1.2 Interface Po 30 State Rx-int Tx-int Mult Up 200 200 3 Clients O * 6.1.1.1 6.1.1.2 Vl 30 Up 200 200 3 O * 7.1.1.1 7.1.1.
Client Registered: OSPF Uptime: 00:00:15 Statistics: Number of packets received from neighbor: 78 Number of packets sent to neighbor: 78 Number of state changes: 1 Number of messages from IFA about port state change: 0 Number of messages communicated b/w Manager and Agent: 4 Session Discriminator: 7 Neighbor Discriminator: 2 Local Addr: 6.1.1.1 Local MAC Addr: 00:a0:c9:00:00:02 Remote Addr: 6.1.1.
parameter globally, the change affects all OSPF neighbors sessions. If you change a parameter at the interface level, the change affects all OSPF sessions on that interface. To change parameters for all OSPF sessions or for OSPF sessions on a single interface, use the following commands. • Change parameters for OSPF sessions. ROUTER-OSPF mode • bfd all-neighbors interval milliseconds min_rx milliseconds multiplier value role [active | passive] Change parameters for all OSPF sessions on an interface.
• Establish sessions with all OSPFv3 neighbors. ROUTER-OSPFv3 mode bfd all-neighbors • Establish sessions with OSPFv3 neighbors on a single interface. INTERFACE mode ipv6 ospf bfd all-neighbors To view the established sessions, use the show bfd neighbors command. The following example shows the show bfd neighbors command output for default VRF.
The following example shows the configuration to establish sessions with all OSPFv3 neighbors in a specific VRF: ipv6 router ospf 20 vrf vrf1 bfd all-neighbors ! The following example shows the configuration to establish sessions with all OSPFv3 neighbors on a single interface in a specific VRF: interface vlan 102 ip vrf forwarding vrf vrf1 ipv6 ospf bfd all-neighbors The following example shows the show bfd vrf neighbors command output for nondefault VRF: DellEMC#show bfd vrf vrf1 neighbors * - Active sess
• Change parameters for all OSPFv3 sessions. ROUTER-OSPFv3 mode bfd all-neighbors interval milliseconds min_rx milliseconds multiplier value role [active | passive] • Change parameters for OSPFv3 sessions on a single interface. INTERFACE mode ipv6 ospf bfd all-neighbors interval milliseconds min_rx milliseconds multiplier value role [active | passive] Disabling BFD for OSPFv3 If you disable BFD globally, all sessions are torn down and sessions on the remote system are placed in a Down state.
Establishing Sessions with IS-IS Neighbors BFD sessions can be established for all IS-IS neighbors at once or sessions can be established for all neighbors out of a specific interface. Figure 14. Establishing Sessions with IS-IS Neighbors To establish BFD with all IS-IS neighbors or with IS-IS neighbors on a single interface, use the following commands. • Establish sessions with all IS-IS neighbors. ROUTER-ISIS mode • bfd all-neighbors Establish sessions with IS-IS neighbors on a single interface.
Ad Dn - Admin Down C - CLI I - ISIS O - OSPF R - Static Route (RTM) LocalAddr * 2.2.2.2 RemoteAddr Interface State Rx-int Tx-int Mult Clients 2.2.2.1 Te 2/1/1 Up 100 100 3 I Changing IS-IS Session Parameters BFD sessions are configured with default intervals and a default role. The parameters that you can configure are: Desired TX Interval, Required Min RX Interval, Detection Multiplier, and system role. These parameters are configured for all IS-IS sessions or all IS-IS sessions out of an interface.
Before configuring BFD for BGP, you must first configure BGP on the routers that you want to interconnect. For more information, refer to Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). For example, the following illustration shows a sample BFD configuration on Router 1 and Router 2 that use eBGP in a transit network to interconnect AS1 and AS2. The eBGP routers exchange information with each other as well as with iBGP routers to maintain connectivity and accessibility within each autonomous system. Figure 15.
the peering session for the routing protocol and reconverge by bypassing the failed neighboring router. A log message is generated whenever BFD detects a failure condition. Prerequisites Before configuring BFD for BGP, you must first configure the following settings: • Configure BGP on the routers that you want to interconnect, as described in Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).
DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 20::2 remote-as 2 DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 20::2 no shutdown DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#address-family ipv6 unicast DellEMC(conf-router_bgpv6_af)#neighbor 20::2 activate DellEMC(conf-router_bgpv6_af)#exit DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#bfd all-neighbors DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#show config ! router bgp 1 neighbor 10.1.1.2 remote-as 2 neighbor 10.1.1.
NOTE: Before performing this step, create the required VRF. 9 Activate the neighbor in IPv6 address family. CONFIG-ROUTERBGPv6_ADDRESSFAMILY mode neighbor ipv6-address activate 10 Configure parameters for a BFD session established with all neighbors discovered by BGP. Or establish a BFD session with a specified BGP neighbor or peer group using the default BFD session parameters.
Displaying BFD for BGP Information You can display related information for BFD for BGP. To display information about BFD for BGP sessions on a router, use the following commands and refer to the following examples. • Verify a BFD for BGP configuration. EXEC Privilege mode show running-config bgp • Verify that a BFD for BGP session has been successfully established with a BGP neighbor. A line-by-line listing of established BFD adjacencies is displayed.
The bold lines show the BFD session parameters: TX (packet transmission), RX (packet reception), and multiplier (maximum number of missed packets). R2# show bfd neighbors detail Session Discriminator: 9 Neighbor Discriminator: 10 Local Addr: 1.1.1.3 Local MAC Addr: 00:01:e8:66:da:33 Remote Addr: 1.1.1.
2.2.2.2 3.3.3.2 1 1 273 282 273 281 0 0 0 0 (0) 0 04:32:26 00:38:12 0 0 The following example shows viewing BFD information for a specified neighbor. The bold lines show the message displayed when you enable a BFD session with different configurations: • • • Message displays when you enable a BFD session with a BGP neighbor that inherits the global BFD session settings configured with the global bfd all-neighbors command.
... Neighbor is using BGP peer-group mode BFD configuration Peer active in peer-group outbound optimization ... Configure BFD for VRRP When using BFD with VRRP, the VRRP protocol registers with the BFD manager on the route processor module (RPM). BFD sessions are established with all neighboring interfaces participating in VRRP. If a neighboring interface fails, the BFD agent on the line card notifies the BFD manager, which in turn notifies the VRRP protocol that a link state change occurred.
• Establish sessions with all VRRP neighbors. INTERFACE mode vrrp bfd all-neighbors Establishing VRRP Sessions on VRRP Neighbors The master router does not care about the state of the backup router, so it does not participate in any VRRP BFD sessions. VRRP BFD sessions on the backup router cannot change to the UP state. Configure the master router to establish an individual VRRP session the backup router. To establish a session with a particular VRRP neighbor, use the following command.
To change parameters for all VRRP sessions or for a particular VRRP session, use the following commands. • Change parameters for all VRRP sessions. INTERFACE mode vrrp bfd all-neighbors interval milliseconds min_rx milliseconds multiplier value role [active | passive] • Change parameters for a particular VRRP session.
9 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an interdomain routing protocol that manages routing between edge routers. BGP uses an algorithm to exchange routing information between switches enabled with BGP. BGP determines a path to reach a particular destination using certain attributes while avoiding routing loops. BGP selects a single path as the best path to a destination network or host. You can also influence BGP to select different path by altering some of the BGP attributes.
AS numbers (ASNs) are important because the ASN uniquely identifies each network on the internet. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved AS numbers 64512 through 65534 to be used for private purposes. IANA reserves ASNs 0 and 65535 and must not be used in a live environment. You can group autonomous systems into three categories (multihomed, stub, and transit), defined by their connections and operation. • multihomed AS — is one that maintains connections to more than one other AS.
Figure 18. BGP Routers in Full Mesh The number of BGP speakers each BGP peer must maintain increases exponentially. Network management quickly becomes impossible. AS4 Number Representation Dell EMC Networking OS supports multiple representations of 4-byte AS numbers: asplain, asdot+, and asdot. NOTE: The ASDOT and ASDOT+ representations are supported only with the 4-Byte AS numbers feature. If 4-Byte AS numbers are not implemented, only ASPLAIN representation is supported.
ASDOT+ representation splits the full binary 4-byte AS number into two words of 16 bits separated by a decimal point (.): .. Some examples are shown in the following table. • • All AS numbers between 0 and 65535 are represented as a decimal number, when entered in the CLI and when displayed in the show commands outputs. AS Numbers larger than 65535 is represented using ASDOT notation as ..
router bgp 100 bgp four-octet-as-support neighbor 172.30.1.250 local-as 65057
NOTE: It is possible to configure BGP peers that exchange both unicast and multicast network layer reachability information (NLRI), but you cannot connect multiprotocol BGP with BGP. Therefore, you cannot redistribute multiprotocol BGP routes into BGP. MBGP for IPv4 Multicast PIM feature uses IPv4 multicast routing for data distribution. MBGP provides a link that is dedicated specific to multicast traffic. MBGP also allows a unicast routing apart from the multicast routing.
State Description OpenSent After successful OpenSent transition, the router sends an Open message and waits for one in return. OpenConfirm After the Open message parameters are agreed between peers, the neighbor relation is established and is in the OpenConfirm state. This is when the router receives and checks for agreement on the parameters of open messages to establish a session.
BGP global configuration default values By default, BGP is disabled. The following table displays the default values for BGP on Dell EMC Networking OS. Table 8. BGP Default Values Item Default BGP Neighbor Adjacency changes All BGP neighbor changes are logged.
NOTE: Duplicate communities are not rejected. Best Path Selection Criteria Paths for active routes are grouped in ascending order according to their neighboring external AS number (BGP best path selection is deterministic by default, which means the bgp non-deterministic-med command is NOT applied). The best path in each group is selected based on specific criteria. Only one “best path” is selected at a time. If any of the criteria results in more than one path, BGP moves on to the next option in the list.
4 Prefer the path with the shortest AS_PATH (unless the bgp bestpath as-path ignore command is configured, then AS_PATH is not considered). The following criteria apply: a An AS_SET has a path length of 1, no matter how many ASs are in the set. b A path with no AS_PATH configured has a path length of 0. c AS_CONFED_SET is not included in the AS_PATH length. d AS_CONFED_SEQUENCE has a path length of 1, no matter how many ASs are in the AS_CONFED_SEQUENCE.
Local Preference Local preference (LOCAL_PREF) represents the degree of preference within the entire AS. The higher the number, the greater the preference for the route. Local preference (LOCAL_PREF) is one of the criteria used to determine the best path, so keep in mind that other criteria may impact selection, as shown in the illustration in Best Path Selection Criteria. For this example, assume that thelocal preference (LOCAL_PREF) is the only attribute applied.
NOTE: The MEDs are advertised across both links, so if a link goes down, AS 1 still has connectivity to AS300 and AS400. Figure 21. Multi-Exit Discriminators NOTE: Configuring the set metric-type internal command in a route-map advertises the IGP cost as MED to outbound EBGP peers when redistributing routes. The configured set metric value overwrites the default IGP cost. If the outbound route-map uses MED, it overwrites IGP MED.
AS Path The AS path is the list of all ASs that all the prefixes listed in the update have passed through. The local AS number is added by the BGP speaker when advertising to a eBGP neighbor. NOTE: Any update that contains the AS path number 0 is valid. The AS path is shown in the following example. The origin attribute is shown following the AS path information (shown in bold).
both IGP and BGP convergence and can be a lengthy process. BGP add-path also helps switchover to the next new best path when the current best path is unavailable. Advertise IGP Cost as MED for Redistributed Routes When using multipath connectivity to an external AS, you can advertise the MED value selectively to each peer for redistributed routes. For some peers you can set the internal/IGP cost as the MED while setting others to a constant pre-defined metric as MED value.
Router C without immediately updating Router C’s configuration. Local-AS allows this behavior to happen by allowing Router B to appear as if it still belongs to Router B’s old network (AS 200) as far as communicating with Router C is concerned. Figure 22. Before and After AS Number Migration with Local-AS Enabled When you complete your migration, and you have reconfigured your network with the new information, disable this feature.
• The f10BgpM2AsPathTableEntry table, f10BgpM2AsPathSegmentIndex, and f10BgpM2AsPathElementIndex are used to retrieve a particular ASN from the AS path. These indices are assigned to the AS segments and individual ASN in each segment starting from 0. For example, an AS path list of {200 300 400} 500 consists of two segments: {200 300 400} with segment index 0 and 500 with segment index 1. ASN 200, 300, and 400 are assigned 0, 1, and 2 element indices in that order.
• deterministic multi-exit discriminator (MED) (default) • a path with a missing MED is treated as worst path and assigned an MED value of (0xffffffff) • the community format follows RFC 1998 • delayed configuration (the software at system boot reads the entire configuration file prior to sending messages to start BGP peer sessions) The following are not yet supported: • auto-summarization (the default is no auto-summary) • synchronization (the default is no synchronization) Configuring a basic
3 Add a neighbor as a remote AS. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | peer-group name} remote-as as-number • ip-address: IP address of the neighbor • peer-group name: 16 characters • as-number: from 0 to 65535 (2 Byte) or from 1 to 4294967295 (4 Byte) or 0.1 to 65535.65535 (Dotted format) NOTE: Neighbors that are defined using the neighbor remote-as command in the CONFIGURATION-ROUTER-BGP mode exchange IPv4 unicast address prefixes only.
neighbor 20.20.20.1 no shutdown DellEMC# Examples of the show ip bgp Commands The following example shows the show ip bgp summary command output (4–byte AS number displays). R2#show ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 1.1.1.1, local 65550 BGP local RIB : Routes to be Added 0, Replaced 0, Withdrawn 0 1 neighbor(s) using 40960 bytes of memory Neighbor 20.20.20.
Configuring a BGP peer To configure BGP between two peers, use the following commands. Following are the steps to configure a BGP peer. The following example configuration demonstrates how the configure a neighbor and IPv4 multicast address family. The default is IPv4 unicast address family. • Enter the router configuration mode and the AS number. CONFIG mode router bgp as-number • Add the IP address of the neighbor for the specified autonomous system.
Configuring AS4 Number Representations Enable one type of AS number representation: ASPLAIN, ASDOT+, or ASDOT. Term Description ASPLAIN Default method for AS number representation. With the ASPLAIN notation, a 32–bit binary AS number is translated into a decimal value. ASDOT+ A representation splits the full binary 4-byte AS number into two words of 16 bits separated by a decimal point (.): ..
bgp asnotation asdot bgp four-octet-as-support neighbor 172.30.1.250 remote-as 18508 neighbor 172.30.1.250 local-as 65057 neighbor 172.30.1.250 route-map rmap1 in neighbor 172.30.1.250 password 7 5ab3eb9a15ed02ff4f0dfd4500d6017873cfd9a267c04957 neighbor 172.30.1.250 no shutdown 5332332 9911991 65057 18508 12182 7018 46164 i The following example shows the bgp asnotation asdot+ command output.
neighbor {ip-address | ipv6–address | peer-group-name} maximum—prefix maximum [threshold] [warning-only]as-number Example of configuring both IPv4 and IPv6 VRF address families The following are the sample steps performed to configure a VRF, and VRF address families for IPv4 (unicast and multicast) and IPv6.
BGP soft-reconfiguration clears the policies without resetting the TCP connection. To reset a BGP connection using BGP soft reconfiguration, use the clear ip bgp command in EXEC Privilege mode at the system prompt. When you change the BGP inbound policy locally, you need to process the updates received from a peer. The route refresh capability allows the local peer to reset inbound information dynamically by exchanging route refresh requests to supporting peers.
Route refresh This section explains how the soft reconfiguration and route-refresh works. Soft reconfiguration has to be configured explicitly for a neighbor unlike route refresh, which is automatically negotiated between BGP peers when establishing a peer session. The route-refresh updates will be sent, only if the neighbor soft-reconfiguration inbound command is not configured in a BGP neighbor and when you do a soft reset using clear ip bgp {neighbor-address | peer-group-name} soft in command.
updates are sent. Following is an example configuration in which IPv6 prefixes is enabled for a IPv6 neighbor and the corresponding routerefresh message: DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)# show config ! router bgp 100 redistribute connected neighbor 20.1.1.2 remote-as 200 neighbor 20.1.1.2 no shutdown neighbor 20::2 remote-as 200 neighbor 20::2 no shutdown ! address-family ipv6 unicast redistribute connected neighbor 20::2 activate exit-address-family ! DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#do clear ip bgp 20.1.1.
CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode aggregate-address ip-address mask [advertise-map map-name] [as-set] [attribute-map map-name] [summary-only] [suppress-map map-name] Example of Viewing Aggregated Routes In the show ip bgp command, aggregates contain an ‘a’ in the first column (shown in bold) and routes suppressed by the aggregate contain an ‘s’ in the first column. DellEMC#show ip bgp BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 10.101.15.
• ge: minimum prefix length to be matched. • le: maximum prefix length to me matched. For information about configuring prefix lists, refer to Access Control Lists (ACLs). 3 Return to CONFIGURATION mode. CONFIG-PREFIX LIST mode exit 4 Enter ROUTER BGP mode. CONFIGURATION mode router bgp as-number 5 Filter routes based on the criteria in the configured prefix list.
4 Enter ROUTER BGP mode. CONFIGURATION mode router bgp as-number 5 Filter routes based on the criteria in the configured route map. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | ipv6-address | peer-group-name} route-map map-name {in | out} Configure the following parameters: • ip-address or ipv6-address or peer-group-name: enter the neighbor’s IPv4 or IPv6 address or the peer group’s name. • map-name: enter the name of a configured route map. • in: apply the route map to inbound routes.
To forward all routes not meeting the AS-PATH ACL criteria, include the permit .* filter in your AS-PATH ACL. Configuring Peer Groups To configure multiple BGP neighbors at one time, create and populate a BGP peer group. An advantage of peer groups is that members of a peer group inherit the configuration properties of the group and share same update policy. A maximum of 256 peer groups are allowed on the system. The following tasks are involved in configuring a BGP peer group.
• as-number: the range is from 0 to 65535 (2-Byte) or 1 to 4294967295 | 0.1 to 65535.65535 (4-Byte) or 0.1 to 65535.65535 (Dotted format) To add an external BGP (EBGP) neighbor, configure the as-number parameter with a number different from the BGP as-number configured in the router bgp as-number command. To add an internal BGP (IBGP) neighbor, configure the as-number parameter with the same BGP as-number configured in the router bgp as-number command.
To disable a peer group, use the neighbor peer-group-name shutdown command in CONFIGURATION-ROUTER-BGP mode. The configuration of the peer group is maintained, but it is not applied to the peer group members. When you disable a peer group, all the peers within the peer group that are in the ESTABLISHED state move to the IDLE state. To view the status of peer groups, use the show ip bgp peer-group command in EXEC Privilege mode, as shown in the following example.
Example of Enabling BGP (Router 1) R1# conf R1(conf)#int loop 0 R1(conf-if-lo-0)#ip address 192.168.128.1/24 R1(conf-if-lo-0)#no shutdown R1(conf-if-lo-0)#show config ! interface Loopback 0 ip address 192.168.128.1/24 no shutdown R1(conf-if-lo-0)#int te 1/21/1 R1(conf-if-te-1/21/1)#ip address 10.0.1.21/24 R1(conf-if-te-1/21/1)#no shutdown R1(conf-if-te-1/21/1)#show config ! interface TengigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip address 10.0.1.
R1(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.3 no shut R1(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.3 update-source loop 0 R1(conf-router_bgp)#show config ! router bgp 99 network 192.168.128.0/24 neighbor 192.168.128.2 remote-as 99 neighbor 192.168.128.2 update-source Loopback 0 neighbor 192.168.128.2 no shutdown neighbor 192.168.128.3 remote-as 100 neighbor 192.168.128.
! interface TengigabitEthernet 3/11/1 ip address 10.0.3.33/24 no shutdown R3(conf-if-lo-0)#int te 3/21/1 R3(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#ip address 10.0.2.3/24 R3(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#no shutdown R3(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#show config ! interface TengigabitEthernet 3/21/1 ip address 10.0.2.3/24 no shutdown R3(conf-if-te-3/21/1)# R3(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#router bgp 100 R3(conf-router_bgp)#show config ! router bgp 100 R3(conf-router_bgp)#network 192.168.128.0/24 R3(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.
MULTIPROTO_EXT(1) ROUTE_REFRESH(2) CISCO_ROUTE_REFRESH(128) Update source set to Loopback 0 Peer active in peer-group outbound optimization For address family: IPv4 Unicast BGP table version 1, neighbor version 1 Prefixes accepted 1 (consume 4 bytes), withdrawn 0 by peer Prefixes advertised 1, denied 0, withdrawn 0 from peer Connections established 2; dropped 1 Last reset 00:00:57, due to user reset Notification History 'Connection Reset' Sent : 1 Recv: 0 Last notification (len 21) sent 00:00:57 ago fffffff
2 neighbor(s) using 9216 bytes of memory Neighbor AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/Pfx 192.168.128.1 99 140 136 2 0 (0) 00:11:24 1 192.168.128.3 100 138 140 2 0 (0) 00:18:31 1 Example of Enabling Peer Groups (Router 3) R3#conf R3(conf)#router bgp 100 R3(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor AAA peer-group R3(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor AAA no shutdown R3(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor CCC peer-group R3(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor CCC no shutdown R3(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 192.168.128.
Last read 00:00:45, last write 00:00:44 Hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds Received 138 messages, 0 in queue 7 opens, 2 notifications, 7 updates 122 keepalives, 0 route refresh requests Sent 140 messages, 0 in queue Configuring BGP Fast Fall-Over By default, a BGP session is governed by the hold time. BGP routers typically carry large routing tables, so frequent session resets are not desirable. The BGP fast fall-over feature reduces the convergence time while maintaining stability.
Peer active in peer-group outbound optimization For address family: IPv4 Unicast BGP table version 52, neighbor version 52 4 accepted prefixes consume 16 bytes Prefix advertised 0, denied 0, withdrawn 0 Connections established 6; dropped 5 Last reset 00:19:37, due to Reset by peer Notification History 'Connection Reset' Sent : 5 Recv: 0 Local host: 200.200.200.200, Local port: 65519 Foreign host: 100.100.100.
CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | ipv6–address | peer-group-name} subnet subnet-number mask The peer group responds to OPEN messages sent on this subnet. 3 Enable the peer group. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | ipv6–address | peer-group-name} no shutdown 4 Create and specify a remote peer for BGP neighbor.
neighbor 100.10.92.9 no shutdown neighbor 192.168.10.1 remote-as 65123 neighbor 192.168.10.1 update-source Loopback 0 neighbor 192.168.10.1 no shutdown neighbor 192.168.12.2 remote-as 65123 neighbor 192.168.12.2 update-source Loopback 0 neighbor 192.168.12.2 no shutdown R2(conf-router_bgp)# Allowing an AS Number to Appear in its Own AS Path This command allows you to set the number of times a particular AS number can occur in the AS path.
Enabling Graceful Restart Use this feature to lessen the negative effects of a BGP restart. Dell EMC Networking OS advertises support for this feature to BGP neighbors through a capability advertisement. You can enable graceful restart by router and/or by peer or peer group. NOTE: By default, BGP graceful restart is disabled. The default role for BGP is as a receiving or restarting peer.
Filtering on an AS-Path Attribute You can use the BGP attribute, AS_PATH, to manipulate routing policies. The AS_PATH attribute contains a sequence of AS numbers representing the route’s path. As the route traverses an AS, the ASN is prepended to the route. You can manipulate routes based on their AS_PATH to affect interdomain routing. By identifying certain ASN in the AS_PATH, you can permit or deny routes based on the number in its AS_PATH. AS-PATH ACLs use regular expressions to search AS_PATH values.
0x559972c 0x59cd3b4 0x7128114 0x536a914 0x2ffe884 0x2ff7284 0x2ff7ec4 0x2ff8544 0x736c144 0x3b8d224 0x5eb1e44 0x5cd891c --More-- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 2 10 3 1 99 4 3 1 10 1 9 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 209 209 209 209 701 701 209 701 701 209 701 209 18756 i 7018 15227 i 3356 13845 i 701 6347 7781 i 3561 9116 21350 i 1239 577 855 ? 3561 4755 17426 i 5743 2648 i 209 568 721 1494 i 701 2019 i 8584 16158 i 6453 4759 i Regular Expressions as Filters Regula
Example of Using Regular Expression to Filter AS Paths DellEMC(config)#router bgp 99 DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#neigh AAA peer-group DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#neigh AAA no shut DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#show conf ! router bgp 99 neighbor AAA peer-group neighbor AAA no shutdown neighbor 10.155.15.2 remote-as 32 neighbor 10.155.15.2 shutdown DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#neigh 10.155.15.
redistribute ospf process-id [match external {1 | 2} | match internal] [metric-type {external | internal}] [route-map map-name] Configure the following parameters: – process-id: the range is from 1 to 65535. – match external: the range is from 1 or 2. – match internal – metric-type: external or internal. – map-name: name of a configured route map. Enabling Additional Paths The add-path feature is disabled by default.
CONFIGURATION mode ip community-list community-list-name 2 Configure a community list by denying or permitting specific community numbers or types of community. CONFIG-COMMUNITYLIST mode {deny | permit} {community-number | local-AS | no-advertise | no-export | quote-regexp regular-expression-list | regexp regular-expression} • community-number: use AA:NN format where AA is the AS number (2 Bytes or 4 Bytes) and NN is a value specific to that autonomous system.
• soo: route origin or site-of-origin. Support for matching extended communities against regular expression is also supported. Match against a regular expression using the following keyword. • regexp: regular expression. Example of the show ip extcommunity-lists Command To set or modify an extended community attribute, use the set extcommunity {rt | soo} {ASN:NN | IPADDR:NN} command.
neighbor {ip-address | ipv6-address | peer-group-name} route-map map-name {in | out} To view the BGP configuration, use the show config command in CONFIGURATION ROUTER BGP mode. To view a route map configuration, use the show route-map command in EXEC Privilege mode. To view which BGP routes meet an IP community or IP extended community list’s criteria, use the show ip bgp {community-list | extcommunity-list} command in EXEC Privilege mode.
5 Apply the route map to the neighbor or peer group’s incoming or outgoing routes. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | ipv6-address | peer-group-name} route-map map-name {in | out} Example of the show ip bgp community Command To view the BGP configuration, use the show config command in CONFIGURATION ROUTER BGP mode. To view a route map configuration, use the show route-map command in EXEC Privilege mode.
Changing the LOCAL_PREFERENCE Attribute In Dell EMC Networking OS, you can change the value of the LOCAL_PREFERENCE attribute. To change the default values of this attribute for all routes received by the router, use the following command. • Change the LOCAL_PREF value. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode bgp default local-preference value – value: the range is from 0 to 4294967295. The default is 100.
• Disable next hop processing and configure the router (route reflector) as the next hop for a BGP neighbor. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | ipv6-address | peer-group-name} next-hop-self [all] • If you do not use the all keyword, the next hop of only eBGP-learned routes is updated by the route reflector. If you use the all keyword, the next hop of both eBGP- and iBGP-learned routes are updated by the route reflector. Sets the next hop address.
Route Reflectors Route reflectors reorganize the iBGP core into a hierarchy and allow some route advertisement rules. NOTE: Do not use route reflectors (RRs) in the forwarding path. In iBGP, hierarchal RRs maintaining forwarding plane RRs could create routing loops. Route reflection divides iBGP peers into two groups: client peers and nonclient peers. A route reflector and its client peers form a route reflection cluster.
bgp cluster-id cluster-id • You can have multiple clusters in an AS. Configure the local router as a route reflector and the neighbor or peer group identified is the route reflector client. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | ipv6-address | peer-group-name} route-reflector-client When you enable a route reflector, Dell EMC Networking OS automatically enables route reflection to all clients.
• Withdraw • Readvertise • Attribute change When dampening is applied to a route, its path is described by one of the following terms: • history entry — an entry that stores information on a downed route • dampened path — a path that is no longer advertised • penalized path — a path that is assigned a penalty To configure route flap dampening parameters, set dampening parameters using a route map, clear information on route dampening and return suppressed routes to active state, view statistics
– regexp regular-expression: enter a regular express to match on. • By default, the path selection in Dell EMC Networking OS is deterministic, that is, paths are compared irrespective of the order of their arrival. You can change the path selection method to non-deterministic, that is, paths are compared in the order in which they arrived (starting with the most recent). Furthermore, in non-deterministic mode, the software may not compare MED attributes though the paths are from the same AS.
Changing BGP Timers To configure BGP timers, use either or both of the following commands. Timer values configured with the neighbor timers command override the timer values configured with the timers bgp command.
• Configure idle-holdtime values for all BGP neighbors. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode timers bgp extended idle holdtime idle-holdtime: the range is from 1 to 32767. Time interval, in seconds, during which the peer remains in idle state. The default is 15 seconds. Enabling or disabling BGP neighbors You can enable or disable all the configured BGP neighbors using the shutdown all command in ROUTER BGP mode.
When you configure BGP, you must explicitly enable the BGP neighbors using the following commands: neighbor {ip-address | peer-group name} remote-as as-number neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} no shutdown For more information on enabling BGP, see Enabling BGP. When you use the shutdown all command in global configuration mode, this command takes precedence over the shutdown address-family-ipv4-unicast, shutdown address-family-ipv4-multicast, and shutdown address-familyipv6-unicast commands.
Enabling MBGP Configurations Multiprotocol BGP (MBGP) is an enhanced BGP that carries IP multicast routes. BGP carries two sets of routes: one set for unicast routing and one set for multicast routing. The routes associated with multicast routing are used by the protocol independent multicast (PIM) to build data distribution trees. Dell EMC Networking OS MBGP is implemented per RFC 1858. You can enable the MBGP feature per router and/or per peer/peer-group. The default is IPv4 Unicast routes.
• Enable the neighbor to exchange prefixes for IPv6 unicast address family.
activated under the respective address family. If you want the neighbor (30.30.30.1) to exchange IPv4 multicast and/or IPv6 unicast prefixes, you have to explicitly active the neighbor using neighbor activate command. If you do not want a neighbor to exchange IPv4 unicast prefixes, you have to manually deactivate the peer with the no neighbor activate command under the CONFIGURATION-ROUTER-BGP mode.
Following is the sample output for show ip bgp summary command. R2#show ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 2.2.2.2, local 200 BGP local RIB : Routes to be Added 0, Replaced 0, Withdrawn 0 2 neighbor(s) using 40960 bytes of memory Neighbor 20.20.20.1 2001::1 AS 10 10 MsgRcvd 10 40 MsgSent 20 45 TblVer 0 0 InQ 0 0 OutQ Up/Down State/Pfx 0 00:06:11 0 0 00:03:14 0 Following is the sample output of show ip bgp ipv4 multicast summary command.
neighbor {ip–address | peer-group-name} auto-local-address Enter either the neighbor IP address or the name of the peer group. NOTE: If outbound policy is applied along with auto-local-address enabled, then policy takes precedence.
Following is the show ip bgp ipv6 unicast command output for the above configuration. DellEMC# show ip bgp ipv6 unicast BGP local RIB : Routes to be Added 0, Replaced 0, Withdrawn 0 BGP local router ID is 1.1.1.
debug ip bgp {ip-address | peer-group-name} soft-reconfiguration To enhance debugging of soft reconfig, use the bgp soft-reconfig-backup command only when route-refresh is not negotiated to avoid the peer from resending messages. In-BGP is shown using the show ip protocols command. Dell EMC Networking OS displays debug messages on the console. To view which debugging commands are enabled, use the show debugging command in EXEC Privilege mode.
Last notification (len 21) received 00:26:20 ago ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff 00150306 00000000 Last PDU (len 41) received 00:26:02 ago that caused notification to be issued ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff 00290200 00000e01 02040201 00024003 04141414 0218c0a8 01000000 Local host: 1.1.1.1, Local port: 179 Foreign host: 1.1.1.2, Foreign port: 41758 Capturing PDUs To capture incoming and outgoing PDUs on a per-peer basis, use the capture bgp-pdu neighbor direction command.
Incoming packet capture enabled for BGP neighbor 172.30.1.250 Available buffer size 29165743, 192991 packet(s) captured using 11794257 bytes [. . .] DellEMC(conf-router_bgp)#do sho ip bg s BGP router identifier 172.30.1.
10 Content Addressable Memory (CAM) CAM is a type of memory that stores information in the form of a lookup table. On Dell EMC Networking systems, CAM stores Layer 2 (L2) and Layer 3 (L3) forwarding information, access-lists (ACLs), flows, and routing policies. CAM Allocation CAM Allocation for Ingress To allocate the space for regions such has L2 ingress ACL, IPV4 ingress ACL, IPV6 ingress ACL, IPV4 QoS, L2 QoS, PBR, VRF ACL, and so forth, use the cam-acl command in CONFIGURATION mode.
The following additional CAM allocation settings are supported. Table 12. Additional Default CAM Allocation Settings Additional CAM Allocation Setting FCoE ACL (fcoeacl) 0 You must enter l2acl, ipv4acl, l2qos, l2pt, ipv4qos, ipv4pbr, vrfv4acl, and fcoe allocations as a factor of 2, ipv6acl, openflow, and vman_qos allocations as a factor of 3. Ipv4 acl region should also be in multiples of 3 when ipv4udf option is enabled. All other profile allocations can use either even or odd numbered ranges.
reload Test CAM Usage To determine whether sufficient CAM space is available to enable a service-policy, use the test-cam-usage command. To verify the actual CAM space required, create a Class Map with all required ACL rules, then execute the test cam-usage command in Privilege mode. The Status column in the command output indicates whether or not you can enable the policy.
Example of Viewing CAM-ACL Settings NOTE: If you change the cam-acl setting from CONFIGURATION mode, the output of this command does not reflect any changes until you save the running-configuration and reload the chassis.
| | | | | OUT-V6 ACL | | IN-L3 QOS | | IN-L3 FIB Codes: * - cam usage is above 90%.
The system triggers syslog during the following events: • Re-configure the CAM threshold • Add or delete an ACL rule Example of Syslog message on CAM usage Following table shows few possible scenarios during which the syslog message appear on re-configuring the CAM usage threshold value. Consider if the last CAM threshold was set to 90 percent and now you re-configure the CAM threshold to 80.
If you exceed the QoS CAM space, follow these steps. 1 Verify that you have configured a CAM profile that allocates 24 K entries to the IPv4 system flow region. 2 Allocate more entries in the IPv4Flow region to QoS. Dell EMC Networking OS supports the ability to view the actual CAM usage before applying a service-policy. The test cam-usage service-policy command provides this test framework. For more information, refer to Pre-Calculating Available QoS CAM Space.
Configuring UFT Modes To configure the Unified Forwarding Table (UFT) modes, follow these steps. 1 Select a mode to initialize the maximum scalability size for L2 MAC table or L3 Host table or L3 Route table.
• When CAM sharing is enabled, 32 FP entries are allocated to IPv4 QoS region by default and the remaining entries are shared according to the configured percentage values. • When CAM sharing is enabled, a policy map with a single rule match ip dscp is installed in the DSCP table and no FP entries are used. A combination of multiple rules including match ip dscp in a policy map or a single rule other than match ip dscp are installed in CAM similar to the existing behavior.
copy running-config startup-config 5 Reload the system.
11 Control Plane Policing (CoPP) Control plane policing (CoPP) uses access control list (ACL) rules and quality of service (QoS) policies to create filters for a system’s control plane. That filter prevents traffic not specifically identified as legitimate from reaching the system control plane, rate-limits, traffic to an acceptable level.
Figure 27. CoPP Implemented Versus CoPP Not Implemented Configure Control Plane Policing The system can process a maximum of 8500 packets per second (PPS). Protocols that share a single queue may experience flaps if one of the protocols receives a high rate of control traffic even though per protocol CoPP is applied. This happens because queue-based rate limiting is applied first.
CoPP policies are configured by creating extended ACL rules and specifying rate-limits through QoS policies. The ACLs and QoS policies are assigned as service-policies. Configuring CoPP for Protocols This section lists the commands necessary to create and enable the service-policies for CoPP. For complete information about creating ACLs and QoS rules, refer to Access Control Lists (ACLs) and Quality of Service (QoS).
8 Assign the protocol based the service policy on the control plane. Enabling this command on a port-pipe automatically enables the ACL and QoS rules creates with the cpu-qos keyword. CONTROL-PLANE mode service-policy rate-limit-protocols Examples of Configuring CoPP for Different Protocols The following example shows creating the IP/IPv6/MAC extended ACL.
The following example shows matching the QoS class map to the QoS policy.
DellEMC(conf-qos-policy-in)#service-queue 6 qos-policy cpuq_2 DellEMC(conf-qos-policy-in)#service-queue 7 qos-policy cpuq_1 The following example shows creating the control plane service policy. DellEMC#conf DellEMC(conf)#control-plane DellEMC(conf-control-plane)#service-policy rate-limit-cpu-queues cpuq_rate_policy Protocol to CPU Queue Mapping CoPP enables you to rate-limit control-plane packets that are destined to the CPU there by, preventing undesired or malicious traffic from entering the CPU queues.
A CPU protocol group is created and the command mode changes to CPU-PROTOCOL-GROUP mode. 2 Create a protocol list. CPU-PROTOCOL-GROUP protocol-list protocol1, protocol2, protocol3,..... The list of protocols that you specify using this command are associated with the protocol group that you created in Step1. 3 Exit the CPU PROTOCOL GROUP mode. CPU-PROTOCOL-GROUP exit The command prompt enters the configuration mode. 4 Create a CoPP profile.
Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 400 600 600 600 300 50 50 50 50 50 Example of Viewing Queue Mapping To view the queue mapping for each configured protocol, use the show ip protocol-queue-mapping command.
12 Data Center Bridging (DCB) Data center bridging (DCB) refers to a set of enhancements to Ethernet local area networks used in data center environments, particularly with clustering and storage area networks.
DCB refers to a set of IEEE Ethernet enhancements that provide data centers with a single, robust, converged network to support multiple traffic types, including local area network (LAN), server, and storage traffic. Through network consolidation, DCB results in reduced operational cost, simplified management, and easy scalability by avoiding the need to deploy separate application-specific networks.
Figure 28. Illustration of Traffic Congestion The system supports loading two DCB_Config files: • FCoE converged traffic with priority 3. In the Dell EMC Networking OS, PFC is implemented as follows: • PFC is supported on specified 802.1p priority traffic (dot1p 0 to 7) and is configured per interface. However, only one lossless queue is supported on an interface: one for Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) converged traffic. Configure the same lossless queues on all ports.
NOTE: Use the following command to enable etsacl: cam-acl l2acl 2 ipv4acl 2 ipv6acl 0 ipv4qos 0 l2qos 0 l2pt 0 ipmacacl 0 vman-qos 0 fcoeacl 2 etsacl 3. After executing this command, you must save the configuration and then reload the system. The following figure shows how ETS allows you to allocate bandwidth when different traffic types are classed according to 802.1p priority and mapped to priority groups. Figure 29.
DCBx requires the link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) to provide the path to exchange DCB parameters with peer devices. Exchanged parameters are sent in organizationally specific TLVs in LLDP data units. The following LLDP TLVs are supported for DCB parameter exchange: PFC parameters PFC Configuration TLV and Application Priority Configuration TLV. ETS parameters ETS Configuration TLV and ETS Recommendation TLV.
DCB Status: Enabled, PFC Queue Count: 2 Total Buffer: Total available buffer excluding the buffer pre-allocated for guaranteed services like global headroom, queue's min guaranteed buffer and CPU queues. PFC Total Buffer: Maximum buffer available for lossless queues. PFC Shared Buffer: Buffer used by ingress priority groups for shared usage. PFC Headroom Buffer: Buffer used by ingress priority group for shared headroom usage.
PFC Shared Buffer: Buffer used by ingress priority groups for shared usage. PFC Headroom Buffer: Buffer used by ingress priority group for shared headroom usage. PFC Available Buffer: Current buffer available for new lossless queues to be Provisioned. stack-unit Total Buffer PFC Total Buffer PFC Shared Buffer PFC Headroom Buffer PFC Available Buffer PP (KB) (KB) (KB) (KB) (KB) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 0.
DCB Maps and its Attributes This topic contains the following sections that describe how to configure a DCB map, apply the configured DCB map to a port, configure PFC without a DCB map, and configure lossless queues. DCB Map: Configuration Procedure A DCB map consists of PFC and ETS parameters. By default, PFC is not enabled on any 802.1p priority and ETS allocates equal bandwidth to each priority. To configure user-defined PFC and ETS settings, you must create a DCB map.
The default dot1p priority-queue assignments are applied as follows: DellEMC(conf)#do show qos dot1p-queue-mapping Dot1p Priority : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Queue : 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 PFC is not applied on specific dot1p priorities. ETS: Equal bandwidth is assigned to each port queue and each dot1p priority in a priority group. To configure PFC and ETS parameters on an interface, you must specify the PFC mode, the ETS bandwidth allocation for a priority group, and the 802.
NOTE: You cannot enable PFC and link-level flow control at the same time on an interface. Configuring Lossless Queues DCB also supports the manual configuration of lossless queues on an interface when PFC mode is turned off. Prerequisite: A DCB with PFC configuration is applied to the interface with the following conditions: • PFC mode is off (no pfc mode on). • No PFC priority classes are configured (no pfc priority priority-range).
CONFIGURATION mode pfc-nodrop-priority l2-dlf drop 4 View the packets drop count corresponding to the priority.
When you apply or remove a DCB input policy from an interface, one or two CRC errors are expected to be noticed on the ingress ports for each removal or attachment of the policy. This behavior occurs because the port is brought down when PFC is configured.
Table 19. DCB Map to an Ethernet Port Step Task Command Command Mode 1 Enter interface configuration mode on an Ethernet port. interface interface-type } CONFIGURATION 2 Apply the DCB map on the Ethernet port to configure it with the PFC and ETS settings in the map; for example: dcb-map name INTERFACE DellEMC# interface tengigabitEthernet 1/1 DellEMC(config-if-te-1/1/1)# dcb-map SAN_A_dcb_map1 Repeat Steps 1 and 2 to apply a DCB map to more than one port.
Table 21. Configuring PFC Assymetric Step Task Command Command Mode 1 Enter interface configuration mode on an Ethernet port. DellEMC#interface interface-type CONFIGURATION 2 Enable pfc asymmetric on interface.
Although the system contains 4 MB of space for shared buffers, a minimum guaranteed buffer is provided to all the internal and external ports in the system for both unicast and multicast traffic. This minimum guaranteed buffer reduces the total available shared buffer to 3399 KB. This shared buffer can be used for lossy and lossless traffic. The default behavior causes up to a maximum of 2656 KB to be used for PFC-related traffic. The remaining approximate space of 744 KB can be used by lossy traffic.
The following table illustrates the buffer usage statistics when shared headroom is not used and each queue is allocated with a fixed headroom buffer space: Table 22.
NOTE: When only few lossless queues are configured, the Shared headroom pool must be configured carefully to avoid any ingress MMU drops due to insufficient headroom buffer. Configuring Shared Head Room Buffer You can configure a shared head room pool limit, which is the threshold value for the shared head room pool size.
NOTE: The detail option display the peak headroom pool usage in each of the Pipelines in the device. DellEMC#show hardware buffer-stats-snapshot resource headroom-pool --------------------------------------HP# PEAK USE COUNT(CELLS) --------------------------------------0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 DellEMC# Behavior of Tagged Packets The below is example for enabling PFC for priority 2 for tagged packets. Priority (Packet Dot1p) 2 will be mapped to PG6 on PRIO2PG setting.
a Enable DCB globally. DellEMC(conf)#dcb enable b Apply PFC Priority configuration. Configure priorities on which PFC is enabled. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#pfc priority 1,2 SNMP Support for PFC and Buffer Statistics Tracking Buffer Statistics Tracking (BST) feature provides a mechanism to aid in Resource Monitoring and Tuning of Buffer Allocation. The Max Use Count mode provides the maximum value of the counters accumulated over a period of time.
halted on the egress used for PFC honoring. Dell EMC Networking OS ensures that these mappings are identical. This section discusses the Dell EMC Networking OS configurations needed for above PFC generation and honoring mechanism to work for the untagged packets. PRIORITY to PG mapping (PRIO2PG) is on the ingress for each port. By default, all priorities are mapped to PG7.
Generation of PFC for a Priority for Untagged Packets In order to generate PFC for a particular priority for untagged packets, and configuring PFC for that priority, you should find the queue number associated with priority from TABLE 1 and Associate a DCB map to forward the matched DSCP packet to that queue. PFC frames gets generated with PFC priority associated with the queue when the queue gets congested.
exit 5 Repeat Steps 1 to 4 to configure all remaining dot1p priorities in an ETS priority group. 6 Specify the dot1p priority-to-priority group mapping for each priority. priority-pgid dot1p0_group_num dot1p1_group_num ...dot1p7_group_num Priority group range is from 0 to 7. All priorities that map to the same queue must be in the same priority group. Leave a space between each priority group number.
Configuring ETS in a DCB Map A switch supports the use of a DCB map in which you configure enhanced transmission selection (ETS) setting. To configure ETS parameters, you must apply a DCB map on an interface. ETS Configuration Notes ETS provides a way to optimize bandwidth allocation to outbound 802.1p classes of converged Ethernet traffic. Different traffic types have different service needs. Using ETS, you can create groups within an 802.
In this case, the WRED or rate shaping configuration in the QoS output policy must take into account the bandwidth allocation or queue scheduler configured in the DCB map. Priority-Group Configuration Notes When you configure priority groups in a DCB map: • A priority group consists of 802.1p priority values that are grouped together for similar bandwidth allocation and scheduling, and that share the same latency and loss requirements. All 802.
• Apply the specified DCB policy on all ports of the switch stack or a single stacked switch. CONFIGURATION mode dcb-map {stack-unit all | stack-ports all} dcb-map-name Configure a DCBx Operation DCB devices use data center bridging exchange protocol (DCBx) to exchange configuration information with directly connected peers using the link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) protocol.
network administrator must then reconfigure the peer device so that it advertises a compatible DCB configuration. – The configuration received from a DCBx peer or from an internally propagated configuration is not stored in the switch’s running configuration. – On a DCBx port in an auto-upstream role, the PFC and application priority TLVs are enabled. ETS recommend TLVs are disabled and ETS configuration TLVs are enabled.
NOTE: On a DCBx port, application priority TLV advertisements are handled as follows: • The application priority TLV is transmitted only if the priorities in the advertisement match the configured PFC priorities on the port. • On auto-upstream and auto-downstream ports: – If a configuration source is elected, the ports send an application priority TLV based on the application priority TLV received on the configuration-source port.
Propagation of DCB Information When an auto-upstream or auto-downstream port receives a DCB configuration from a peer, the port acts as a DCBx client and checks if a DCBx configuration source exists on the switch. • If a configuration source is found, the received configuration is checked against the currently configured values that are internally propagated by the configuration source.
Figure 31. DCBx Sample Topology DCBx Prerequisites and Restrictions The following prerequisites and restrictions apply when you configure DCBx operation on a port: • For DCBx, on a port interface, enable LLDP in both Send (TX) and Receive (RX) mode (the protocol lldp mode command; refer to the example in in the chapter). If multiple DCBx peer ports are detected on a local DCBx interface, LLDP is shut down. Configuring DCBx To configure DCBx, follow these steps.
• cee: configures the port to use CEE (Intel 1.01). • ieee-v2.5: configures the port to use IEEE 802.1Qaz (Draft 2.5). The default is Auto. 4 Configure the DCBx port role the interface uses to exchange DCB information. PROTOCOL LLDP mode [no] DCBx port-role {config-source | auto-downstream | auto-upstream | manual} • auto-upstream: configures the port to receive a peer configuration. The configuration source is elected from auto-upstream ports.
configure 2 Enter LLDP Configuration mode to enable DCBx operation. CONFIGURATION mode [no] protocol lldp 3 Configure the DCBx version used on all interfaces not already configured to exchange DCB information. PROTOCOL LLDP mode [no] DCBx version {auto | cee | ieee-v2.5} • auto: configures all ports to operate using the DCBx version received from a peer. • cee: configures a port to use CEE (Intel 1.01). • ieee-v2.5: configures a port to use IEEE 802.1Qaz (Draft 2.5). The default is Auto.
DCBx Error Messages The following syslog messages appear when an error in DCBx operation occurs. LLDP_MULTIPLE_PEER_DETECTED: DCBx is operationally disabled after detecting more than one DCBx peer on the port interface. LLDP_PEER_AGE_OUT: DCBx is disabled as a result of LLDP timing out on a DCBx peer interface. DSM_DCBx_PEER_VERSION_CONFLICT: A local port expected to receive the IEEE or CEE version in a DCBx TLV from a remote peer but received a different, conflicting DCBx version.
Command Output show interface port-type pfc statistics Displays counters for the PFC frames received and transmitted (by dot1p priority class) on an interface. You can use the show interface pfc statistics command even without enabling DCB on the system. show interface port-type ets {summary | detail} Displays the ETS configuration applied to egress traffic on an interface, including priority groups with priorities and bandwidth allocation.
Admin mode is on Admin is enabled Remote is enabled Remote Willing Status is enabled Local is enabled Oper status is recommended PFC DCBx Oper status is Up State Machine Type is Feature TLV Tx Status is enabled PFC Link Delay 45556 pause quanta Application Priority TLV Parameters : -------------------------------------FCOE TLV Tx Status is disabled Local FCOE PriorityMap is 0x8 Remote FCOE PriorityMap is 0x8 0 Input TLV pkts, 1 Output TLV pkts, 0 Error pkts, 0 Pause Tx pkts, 0 Pause Rx pkts The following ta
Fields Description Application Priority TLV: FCOE TLV Tx Status Status of FCoE advertisements in application priority TLVs from local DCBx port: enabled or disabled. Application Priority TLV: Local FCOE Priority Map Priority bitmap used by local DCBx port in FCoE advertisements in application priority TLVs. Application Priority TLV: Remote FCOE Priority Map Status of FCoE advertisements in application priority TLVs from remote peer port: enabled or disabled.
Local is enabled PG-grp Priority# BW-% BW-COMMITTED BW-PEAK TSA % Rate(Mbps) Burst(KB) Rate(Mbps) Burst(KB) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------0 3 25 ETS 1 4 25 ETS 2 0,1,2,5,6,7 50 ETS 3 4 5 6 7 Oper status is init ETS DCBX Oper status is Down Reason: Port Shutdown State Machine Type is Asymmetric Conf TLV Tx Status is enabled Reco TLV Tx Status is enabled The following example shows the show interface ets detail command.
1 13% 2 13% 3 13% 4 12% 5 12% 6 12% 7 12% Oper status is init Conf TLV Tx Status is disabled Traffic Class TLV Tx Status is disabled 0 Input Conf TLV Pkts, 0 Output Conf TLV 0 Input Traffic Class TLV Pkts, 0 Output Pkts ETS ETS ETS ETS ETS ETS ETS Pkts, 0 Error Conf TLV Pkts Traffic Class TLV Pkts, 0 Error Traffic Class TLV The following table describes the show interface ets detail command fields. Table 27.
Field Description ETS TLV Statistic: Output Conf TLV pkts Number of ETS Configuration TLVs transmitted. ETS TLV Statistic: Error Conf TLV pkts Number of ETS Error Configuration TLVs received. The following example shows the show interface DCBx detail command (IEEE).
Total DCBx Frame errors 0 Total DCBx Frames unrecognized 0 The following table describes the show interface DCBx detail command fields. Table 28. show interface DCBx detail Command Description Field Description Interface Interface type with chassis slot and port number. Port-Role Configured DCBx port role: auto-upstream, auto-downstream, config-source, or manual.
QoS dot1p Traffic Classification and Queue Assignment The following section describes QoS dot1P traffic classification and assignments. DCB supports PFC, ETS, and DCBx to handle converged Ethernet traffic that is assigned to an egress queue according to the following QoS methods: Honor dot1p You can honor dot1p priorities in ingress traffic at the port or global switch level (refer to Default dot1p to Queue Mapping) using the service-class dynamic dot1p command in INTERFACE configuration mode.
dcb-buffer-threshold dcb-buffer-threshold 5 DCB-BUFFER-THRESHOLD mode priority 0 buffer-size 52 pause-threshold 16 resume-offset 10 shared-threshold-weight 7 6 Assign the DCB policy to the DCB buffer threshold profile on stack ports. CONFIGURATION mode DellEMC(conf)# dcb-policy buffer-threshold stack-unit all stack-ports all dcb-policy-name 7 Assign the DCB policy to the DCB buffer threshold profile on interfaces. This setting takes precedence over the default bufferthreshold setting.
Figure 32. PFC and ETS Applied to LAN, IPC, and SAN Priority Traffic QoS Traffic Classification: The service-class dynamic dot1p command has been used in Global Configuration mode to map ingress dot1p frames to the queues shown in the following table. For more information, refer to QoS dot1p Traffic Classification and Queue Assignment.
dot1p Value in the Incoming Frame Priority Group Assignment 5 LAN 6 LAN 7 LAN The following describes the priority group-bandwidth assignment. Priority Group Bandwidth Assignment IPC 5% SAN 50% LAN 45% PFC and ETS Configuration Command Examples The following examples show PFC and ETS configuration commands to manage your data center traffic.
13 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) DHCP is an application layer protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other configuration parameters to network end-stations (hosts) based on configuration policies determined by network administrators.
The following table lists common DHCP options. Option Number and Description Subnet Mask Option 1 Specifies the client’s subnet mask. Router Option 3 Specifies the router IP addresses that may serve as the client’s default gateway. Domain Name Server Option 6 Domain Name Option 15 Specifies the domain name servers (DNSs) that are available to the client. Specifies the domain name that clients should use when resolving hostnames via DNS.
Option Number and Description User Port Stacking Option 230 Set the stacking option variable to provide DHCP server stack-port detail when the DHCP offer is set. End Option 255 Signals the last option in the DHCP packet. Assign an IP Address using DHCP The following section describes DHCP and the client in a network. When a client joins a network: 1 The client initially broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message on the subnet to discover available DHCP servers.
Implementation Information The following describes DHCP implementation. • Dell EMC Networking implements DHCP based on RFC 2131 and RFC 3046. • IP source address validation is a sub-feature of DHCP Snooping; the Dell EMC Networking OS uses access control lists (ACLs) internally to implement this feature and as such, you cannot apply ACLs to an interface which has IP source address validation.
Configuring the Server for Automatic Address Allocation Automatic address allocation is an address assignment method by which the DHCP server leases an IP address to a client from a pool of available addresses. An address pool is a range of IP addresses that the DHCP server may assign. The subnet number indexes the address pools. To create an address pool, follow these steps. 1 Access the DHCP server CLI context. CONFIGURATION mode ip dhcp server 2 Create an address pool and give it a name.
Excluding Addresses from the Address Pool The DHCP server assumes that all IP addresses in a DHCP address pool are available for assigning to DHCP clients. You must specify the IP address that the DHCP server should not assign to clients. To exclude an address, follow this step. • Exclude an address range from DHCP assignment. The exclusion applies to all configured pools. DHCP mode excluded-address Specifying an Address Lease Time To specify an address lease time, use the following command.
Using NetBIOS WINS for Address Resolution Windows internet naming service (WINS) is a name resolution service that Microsoft DHCP clients use to correlate host names to IP addresses within a group of networks. Microsoft DHCP clients can be one of four types of NetBIOS nodes: broadcast, peer-to-peer, mixed, or hybrid. 1 Specify the NetBIOS WINS name servers, in order of preference, that are available to Microsoft Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) clients.
Using DHCP Clear Commands To clear DHCP binding entries, address conflicts, and server counters, use the following commands. • Clear DHCP binding entries for the entire binding table. EXEC Privilege mode. • clear ip dhcp binding Clear a DHCP binding entry for an individual IP address. EXEC Privilege mode. clear ip dhcp binding ip address Configure the System to be a DHCP Client A DHCP client is a network device that requests an IP address and configuration parameters from a DHCP server.
Use the no ip address dhcp command to: • Release the IP address dynamically acquired from a DHCP server from the interface. • Disable the DHCP client on the interface so it cannot acquire a dynamic IP address from a DHCP server. • Stop DHCP packet transactions on the interface. When you enter the release dhcp command, the IP address dynamically acquired from a DHCP server is released from an interface.
• To display log messages for all DHCP packets sent and received on DHCP client interfaces, use the debug ip dhcp client packets [interface type slot/port[/subport] command. • To display log message on DHCP client interfaces for IP address acquisition, IP address release, IP address and lease time renewal, and release an IP address, use the [no] debug ip dhcp client events [interface type slot/port[/subport]] command.
DHCP Snooping A DHCP client can run on a switch simultaneously with the DHCP snooping feature as follows: • If you enable DHCP snooping globally on a switch and you enable a DHCP client on an interface, the trust port, source MAC address, and snooping table validations are not performed on the interface by DHCP snooping for packets destined to the DHCP client daemon. The following criteria determine packets destined for the DHCP client: – DHCP is enabled on the interface.
Route Leaking for Connected Routes ! ip vrf VRF_1 ip route-import 1:1 rmap1 ip route-export 2:2 rmap2 ! ip vrf VRF_2 ip route-import 2:2 ip route-export 1:1 ! route-map rmap1 permit 10 match source-protocol connected ! route-map map2 permit 20 match source-protocol connected Route Leaking for Complete Routing Table ! ip vrf VRF_1 ip route-import 1:1 ip route-export 2:2 ! ip vrf VRF_2 ip route-import 2:2 ip route-export 1:1 Route Leaking for Selective Routes ! ip vrf VRF_1 ip route-import 1:1 map1 ip route
• • Dynamic ARP Inspection Source Address Validation Option 82 RFC 3046 (the relay agent information option, or Option 82) is used for class-based IP address assignment. The code for the relay agent information option is 82, and is comprised of two sub-options, circuit ID and remote ID. Circuit ID This is the interface on which the client-originated message is received. Remote ID This identifies the host from which the message is received.
Binding table entries are deleted when a lease expires, or the relay agent encounters a DHCPRELEASE, DHCPNACK, or DHCPDECLINE. DHCP snooping is supported on Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic. DHCP snooping on Layer 2 interfaces does not require a relay agent. Binding table entries are deleted when a lease expires or when the relay agent encounters a DHCPRELEASE. Line cards maintain a list of snooped VLANs.
Enabling IPv6 DHCP Snooping To enable IPv6 DHCP snooping, use the following commands. 1 Enable IPv6 DHCP snooping globally. CONFIGURATION mode ipv6 dhcp snooping 2 Specify ports connected to IPv6 DHCP servers as trusted. INTERFACE mode ipv6 dhcp snooping trust 3 Enable IPv6 DHCP snooping on a VLAN or range of VLANs. CONFIGURATION mode ipv6 dhcp snooping vlan vlan-id Adding a Static Entry in the Binding Table To add a static entry in the binding table, use the following command.
Clearing the DHCP IPv6 Binding Table To clear the DHCP IPv6 binding table, use the following command. • Delete all of the entries in the binding table. EXEC Privilege mode clear ipv6 dhcp snooping binding DellEMC# clear ipv6 dhcp snooping? binding Clear the snooping binding database Displaying the Contents of the Binding Table To display the contents of the binding table, use the following command. • Display the DHCP snooping information.
The following example output of the show ip dhcp snooping binding command displays that different IP addresses are mapped to the same MAC address: DellEMC#show ip dhcp snooping binding Codes : S - Static D - Dynamic IP Address MAC Address Expires(Sec) Type VLAN Interface ========================================================================= 10.1.1.100 00:00:a0:00:00:00 39735 S Vl 200 Te 1/4/1 10.1.1.101 00:00:a0:00:00:00 39736 S Vl 200 Te 1/4/1 10.1.1.
Debugging the IPv6 DHCP To debug the IPv6 DHCP, use the following command. • Display debug information for IPV6 DHCP. EXEC Privilege mode debug ipv6 dhcp IPv6 DHCP Snooping MAC-Address Verification Configure to enable verify source mac-address in the DHCP packet against the mac address stored in the snooping binding table. • Enable IPV6 DHCP snooping .
A spoofed ARP message is one in which the MAC address in the sender hardware address field and the IP address in the sender protocol field are strategically chosen by the attacker. For example, in an MITM attack, the attacker sends a client an ARP message containing the attacker’s MAC address and the gateway’s IP address. The client then thinks that the attacker is the gateway, and sends all internet-bound packets to it.
To see how many valid and invalid ARP packets have been processed, use the show arp inspection statistics command. DellEMC#show arp inspection statistics Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) Statistics --------------------------------------Valid ARP Requests : 0 Valid ARP Replies : 1000 Invalid ARP Requests : 1000 Invalid ARP Replies : 0 DellEMC# Bypassing the ARP Inspection You can configure a port to skip ARP inspection by defining the interface as trusted, which is useful in multi-switch environments.
NOTE: If you enable IP source guard using the ip dhcp source-address-validation command and if there are more entries in the current DHCP snooping binding table than the available CAM space, SAV may not be applied to all entries. To ensure that SAV is applied correctly to all entries, enable the ip dhcp source-address-validation command before adding entries to the binding table. • Enable IP source address validation.
• Enable IP+MAC SAV with VLAN option. INTERFACE mode ip dhcp source-address-validation ipmac vlan vlan-id Dell EMC Networking OS creates an ACL entry for each IP+MAC address pair and optionally with its VLAN ID in the binding table and applies it to the interface. To display the IP+MAC ACL for an interface for the entire system, use the show ip dhcp snooping source-addressvalidation [interface] command in EXEC Privilege mode.
14 Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) This chapter describes configuring ECMP. This chapter describes configuring ECMP. ECMP for Flow-Based Affinity ECMP for flow-based affinity includes link bundle monitoring. Configuring the Hash Algorithm TeraScale has one algorithm that is used for link aggregation groups (LAGs), ECMP, and NH-ECMP, and ExaScale can use three different algorithms for each of these features. To adjust the ExaScale behavior to match TeraScale, use the following command.
Configuring the Hash Algorithm Seed Deterministic ECMP sorts ECMPs in order even though RTM provides them in a random order. However, the hash algorithm uses as a seed the lower 12 bits of the chassis MAC, which yields a different hash result for every chassis. This behavior means that for a given flow, even though the prefixes are sorted, two unrelated chassis can select different hops.
Interface Te 1/1/1 Te 1/1/1 Line Protocol Up Up Utilization[In Percent] 36 52 Managing ECMP Group Paths To avoid path degeneration, configure the maximum number of paths for an ECMP route that the L3 CAM can hold. When you do not configure the maximum number of routes, the CAM can hold a maximum ECMP per route. To configure the maximum number of paths, use the following command. NOTE: For the new settings to take effect, save the new ECMP settings to the startup-config (write-mem) then reload the system.
• Modify the threshold for monitoring ECMP group bundles. CONFIGURATION mode link-bundle-distribution trigger-threshold {percent} The range is from 1 to 90%. • The default is 60%. Display details for an ECMP group bundle. EXEC mode show link-bundle-distribution ecmp-group ecmp-group-id The range is from 1 to 64. Viewing an ECMP Group NOTE: An ecmp-group index is generated automatically for each unique ecmp-group when you configure multipath routes to the same network.
Support for ECMP in host table ECMP support in the L3 host table is available on the system. IPv6 /128 prefix route entries and IPv4 /32 prefix entries which are moved to host table can have ECMP. For other platforms, only the IPv6 /128 prefix route entries is stored in the L3 host table without ECMP support. The software supports a command to program IPv6 /128 route prefixes in the host table. The output of show IPv6 cam command has been enhanced to include the ECMP field in the Neighbor table of Ipv6 CAM.
15 FIP Snooping The Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) Transit feature is supported on Ethernet interfaces. When you enable the switch for FCoE transit, the switch functions as a FIP snooping bridge. NOTE: FIP snooping is not supported on Fibre Channel interfaces or in a switch stack.
FIP provides functionality for discovering and logging into an FCF. After discovering and logging in, FIP allows FCoE traffic to be sent and received between FCoE end-devices (ENodes) and the FCF. FIP uses its own EtherType and frame format. The following illustration shows the communication that occurs between an ENode server and an FCoE switch (FCF). The following table lists the FIP functions. Table 31.
FIP Snooping on Ethernet Bridges In a converged Ethernet network, intermediate Ethernet bridges can snoop on FIP packets during the login process on an FCF. Then, using ACLs, a transit bridge can permit only authorized FCoE traffic to be transmitted between an FCoE end-device and an FCF. An Ethernet bridge that provides these functions is called a FIP snooping bridge (FSB). On a FIP snooping bridge, ACLs are created dynamically as FIP login frames are processed.
Figure 36. FIP Snooping on a Dell EMC Networking Switch The following sections describe how to configure the FIP snooping feature on a switch: • Allocate CAM resources for FCoE. • Perform FIP snooping (allowing and parsing FIP frames) globally on all VLANs or on a per-VLAN basis. • To assign a MAC address to an FCoE end-device (server ENode or storage device) after a server successfully logs in, set the FCoE MAC address prefix (FC-MAP) value an FCF uses.
Using FIP Snooping There are four steps to configure FCoE transit. 1 Enable the FCoE transit feature on a switch. 2 Enable FIP snooping globally on all Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) or individual VLANs on a FIP snooping bridge. 3 Configure the FC-Map value applied globally by the switch on all VLANs or an individual VLAN. 4 Configure FCF mode for a FIP snooping bridge-to-FCF link. For a sample FIP snooping configuration, refer to FIP Snooping Configuration Example.
CAM ACL Table -- Chassis Cam ACL -Current Settings(in block sizes) 1 block = 256 entries L2Acl : 2 Ipv4Acl : 0 Ipv6Acl : 0 Ipv4Qos : 2 L2Qos : 0 L2PT : 0 IpMacAcl : 0 VmanQos : 0 EtsAcl : 1 FcoeAcl : 2 iscsiOptAcl : 2 ipv4pbr : 0 vrfv4Acl : 0 Openflow : 0 fedgovacl : 0 nlbclusteracl: 0 -- stack-unit 1 -Current Settings(in block sizes) 1 block = 256 entries L2Acl : 2 Ipv4Acl : 0 Ipv6Acl : 0 Ipv4Qos : 2 L2Qos : 0 L2PT : 0 IpMacAcl : 0 VmanQos : 0 EtsAcl : 1 FcoeAcl : 2 iscsiOptAcl : 2 ipv4pbr : 0 vrfv4Acl : 0
Enable FIP Snooping on VLANs You can enable FIP snooping globally on a switch on all VLANs or on a specified VLAN. When you enable FIP snooping on VLANs: • FIP frames are allowed to pass through the switch on the enabled VLANs and are processed to generate FIP snooping ACLs. • FCoE traffic is allowed on VLANs only after a successful virtual-link initialization (fabric login FLOGI) between an ENode and an FCF. All other FCoE traffic is dropped.
Table 32. Impact of Enabling FIP Snooping Impact Description MAC address learning MAC address learning is not performed on FIP and FCoE frames, which are denied by ACLs dynamically created by FIP snooping on server-facing ports in ENode mode. MTU auto-configuration MTU size is set to mini-jumbo (2500 bytes) when a port is in Switchport mode, the FIP snooping feature is enabled on the switch, and FIP snooping is enabled on all or individual VLANs.
Displaying FIP Snooping Information Use the following show commands to display information on FIP snooping. Table 33. Displaying FIP Snooping Information Command Output show fip-snooping sessions [interface vlan vlan-id] Displays information on FIP-snooped sessions on all VLANs or a specified VLAN, including the ENode interface and MAC address, the FCF interface and MAC address, VLAN ID, FCoE MAC address and FCoE session ID number (FC-ID), worldwide node name (WWNN) and the worldwide port name (WWPN).
Table 34. show fip-snooping sessions Command Description Field Description ENode MAC MAC address of the ENode . ENode Interface Slot/port number of the interface connected to the ENode. FCF MAC MAC address of the FCF. FCF Interface Slot/port number of the interface to which the FCF is connected. VLAN VLAN ID number used by the session. FCoE MAC MAC address of the FCoE session assigned by the FCF. FC-ID Fibre Channel ID assigned by the FCF. Port WWPN Worldwide port name of the CNA port.
Table 36. show fip-snooping fcf Command Description Field Description FCF MAC MAC address of the FCF. FCF Interface Slot/port number of the interface to which the FCF is connected. VLAN VLAN ID number used by the session. FC-MAP FC-Map value advertised by the FCF. ENode Interface Slot/port number of the interface connected to the ENode. FKA_ADV_PERIOD Period of time (in milliseconds) during which FIP keep-alive advertisements are transmitted.
The following example shows the show fip-snooping statistics port-channel command.
Field Description Number of FDISC Accepts Number of FIP FDISC accept frames received on the interface. Number of FDISC Rejects Number of FIP FDISC reject frames received on the interface. Number of FLOGO Accepts Number of FIP FLOGO accept frames received on the interface. Number of FLOGO Rejects Number of FIP FLOGO reject frames received on the interface. Number of CVLs Number of FIP clear virtual link frames received on the interface.
FCoE Transit Configuration Example The following illustration shows a switch used as a FIP snooping bridge for FCoE traffic between an ENode (server blade) and an FCF (ToR switch). The ToR switch operates as an FCF and FCoE gateway. Figure 37. Configuration Example: FIP Snooping on a Switch In this example, DCBx and PFC are enabled on the FIP snooping bridge and on the FCF ToR switch.
Example of Configuring the ENode Server-Facing Port DellEMC(conf)# interface tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# portmode hybrid DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# switchport DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# protocol lldp DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1-lldp)# dcbx port-role auto-downstream NOTE: A port is enabled by default for bridge-ENode links.
16 Flex Hash and Optimized Boot-Up This chapter describes the Flex Hash and fast-boot enhancements. Topics: • Flex Hash Capability Overview • Configuring the Flex Hash Mechanism • Configuring Fast Boot and LACP Fast Switchover • Optimizing the Boot Time • Interoperation of Applications with Fast Boot and System States • RDMA Over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) Overview • Preserving 802.
When load balancing RRoCE packets using flex hash is enabled, the show ip flow command is disabled. Similarly, when the show ip flow command is in use (ingress port-based load balancing is disabled), the hashing of RRoCE packets is disabled. Flex hash APIs do not mask out unwanted byte values after extraction of the data from the Layer 4 headers for the offset value.
adjacency settings) is learned and installed before the traffic resumes. In a typical network scenario, a traffic disconnection of 150 seconds or more usually occurs. When you employ the optimized booting functionality, the traffic outage duration is reduced drastically.
ports to be 10-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces and 8 ports as 40-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. You must configure the switch to operate with an uplink speed of 40 Gigabit Ethernet per second. Interoperation of Applications with Fast Boot and System States This functionality is supported on the platform.
BGP Graceful Restart When the system contains one or more BGP peerings configured for BGP graceful restart, fast boot performs the following actions: • A closure of the TCP sessions is performed on all sockets corresponding to BGP sessions on which Graceful Restart has been negotiated. This behavior is to force the peer to perform the helper role so that any routes advertised by the restarting system are retained and the peering session will not go down due to BGP Hold timeout.
Changes to BGP Multipath When the system becomes active after a fast-boot restart, a change has been made to the BGP multipath and ECMP behavior. The system delays the computation and installation of additional paths to a destination into the BGP routing information base (RIB) and forwarding table for a certain period of time.
enabled, the packets comprise TCP and UDP packets and they can be marked with DSCP code points. Multicast is not supported in that network. RRoCE packets are received and transmitted on specific interfaces called lite-subinterfaces. These interfaces are similar to the normal Layer 3 physical interfaces except for the extra provisioning that they offer to enable the VLAN ID for encapsulation. You can configure a physical interface or a Layer 3 Port Channel interface as a lite subinterface.
17 Force10 Resilient Ring Protocol (FRRP) FRRP provides fast network convergence to Layer 2 switches interconnected in a ring topology, such as a metropolitan area network (MAN) or large campuses. FRRP is similar to what can be achieved with the spanning tree protocol (STP), though even with optimizations, STP can take up to 50 seconds to converge (depending on the size of network and node of failure) and may require 4 to 5 seconds to reconverge.
The Control VLAN is used to perform the health checks on the ring. The Control VLAN can always pass through all ports in the ring, including the secondary port of the Master node. Ring Status The ring failure notification and the ring status checks provide two ways to ensure the ring remains up and active in the event of a switch or port failure. Ring Checking At specified intervals, the Master node sends a ring health frame (RHF) through the ring.
Member VLAN Spanning Two Rings Connected by One Switch A member VLAN can span two rings interconnected by a common switch, in a figure-eight style topology. A switch can act as a Master node for one FRRP group and a Transit for another FRRP group, or it can be a Transit node for both rings. In the following example, FRRP 101 is a ring with its own Control VLAN, and FRRP 202 has its own Control VLAN running on another ring. A Member VLAN that spans both rings is added as a Member VLAN to both FRRP groups.
• One Master node per ring — all other nodes are Transit. • Each node has two member interfaces — primary and secondary. • There is no limit to the number of nodes on a ring. • Master node ring port states — blocking, pre-forwarding, forwarding, and disabled. • Transit node ring port states — blocking, pre-forwarding, forwarding, and disabled. • STP disabled on ring interfaces. • Master node secondary port is in blocking state during Normal operation.
Concept Explanation • Hello RHF (HRHF) — These frames are processed only on the Master node’s Secondary port. The Transit nodes pass the HRHF through without processing it. An HRHF is sent at every Hello interval. • Topology Change RHF (TCRHF) — These frames contains ring status, keepalive, and the control and member VLAN hash. The TCRHF is processed at each node of the ring.
Configuring the Control VLAN Control and member VLANS are configured normally for Layer 2. Their status as control or member is determined at the FRRP group commands. For more information about configuring VLANS in Layer 2 mode, refer to Layer 2. Be sure to follow these guidelines: • All VLANS must be in Layer 2 mode. • You can only add ring nodes to the VLAN. • A control VLAN can belong to one FRRP group only. • Tag control VLAN ports.
5 Identify the Member VLANs for this FRRP group. CONFIG-FRRP mode. member-vlan vlan-id {range} VLAN-ID, Range: VLAN IDs for the ring’s member VLANS. 6 Enable FRRP. CONFIG-FRRP mode. no disable Configuring and Adding the Member VLANs Control and member VLANS are configured normally for Layer 2. Their status as Control or Member is determined at the FRRP group commands. For more information about configuring VLANS in Layer 2 mode, refer to the Layer 2 chapter.
• For a 100-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword hundredGigE then the slot/port information. VLAN ID: Identification number of the Control VLAN. 4 Configure a Transit node. CONFIG-FRRP mode. mode transit 5 Identify the Member VLANs for this FRRP group. CONFIG-FRRP mode. member-vlan vlan-id {range} VLAN-ID, Range: VLAN IDs for the ring’s Member VLANs. 6 Enable this FRRP group on this switch. CONFIG-FRRP mode.
CONFIG-FRRP mode. show configuration Viewing the FRRP Information To view general FRRP information, use one of the following commands. • Show the information for the identified FRRP group. EXEC or EXEC PRIVELEGED mode. show frrp ring-id • Ring ID: the range is from 1 to 255. Show the state of all FRRP groups. EXEC or EXEC PRIVELEGED mode. show frrp summary Ring ID: the range is from 1 to 255. Troubleshooting FRRP To troubleshoot FRRP, use the following information.
interface Vlan 201 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/24/1,131/1 no shutdown ! protocol frrp 101 interface primary TenGigabitEthernet 1/24/1 secondary TenGigabitEthernet 1/31/1 control-vlan 101 member-vlan 201 mode master no disable Example of R2 TRANSIT interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/14/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/11/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface Vlan 101 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/14/1,11/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan
mode transit no disable FRRP Support on VLT Using FRRP rings, you can inter-connect VLT domains across data centers. These FRRP rings make use of Layer2 VLANs that spawn across Data Centers and provide resiliency by detecting node or link level failures. You can configure a simple FRRP ring that connects a VLT device in one data center to a VLT devices in two or more Data Centers.
and the FRRP ring itself. In addition to the control VLAN, multiple member VLANS are configured (for example, M1 through M10) that carry the data traffic across the FRRP rings. The secondary port P1 is tagged to the control VLAN (V1). VLTi is implicitly tagged to the member VLANs when these VLANs are configured in the VLT peer. As a result of the VLT Node1 configuration, the FRRP ring R1 becomes active by blocking the secondary interface P1 for the member VLANs (M1 to M10). VLT Node2 is the transit node.
• Only RSTP and PVST are supported in the VLT environment. Enabling either RSTP or PVST effects FRRP functionality even though these features are disabled on FRRP enabled interfaces. • Dell EMC Networking OS does not support coexistence of xSTP and FRRP configurations. Meaning, if there is any active FRRP ring in the system, then you cannot enable xSTP in the system globally or at the interface level. Similarly, if xSTP is enabled, then you cannot configure FRRP in the system.
18 GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) The generic attribute registration protocol (GARP) VLAN registration protocol (GVRP), defined by the IEEE 802.1q specification, is a Layer 2 network protocol that provides for automatic VLAN configuration of switches. GVRP-compliant switches use GARP to register and deregister attribute values, such as VLAN IDs, with each other.
Configure GVRP To begin, enable GVRP. To facilitate GVRP communications, enable GVRP globally on each switch. Then, GVRP configuration is per interface on a switch-by-switch basis. Enable GVRP on each port that connects to a switch where you want GVRP information exchanged. In the following example, GVRP is configured on VLAN trunk ports. Figure 41.
Enabling GVRP Globally To configure GVRP globally, use the following command. • Enable GVRP for the entire switch. CONFIGURATION mode gvrp enable Example of Configuring GVRP DellEMC(conf)#protocol gvrp DellEMC(config-gvrp)#no disable DellEMC(config-gvrp)#show config ! protocol gvrp no disable DellEMC(config-gvrp)# To inspect the global configuration, use the show gvrp brief command. Enabling GVRP on a Layer 2 Interface To enable GVRP on a Layer 2 interface, use the following command.
Based on the configuration in the following example, the interface is not removed from VLAN 34 or VLAN 35 despite receiving a GVRP Leave message. Additionally, the interface is not dynamically added to VLAN 45 or VLAN 46, even if a GVRP Join message is received.
19 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Internet group management protocol (IGMP) is a Layer 3 multicast protocol that hosts use to join or leave a multicast group. Multicast is premised on identifying many hosts by a single destination IP address; hosts represented by the same IP address are a multicast group. Multicast routing protocols (such as protocol-independent multicast [PIM]) use the information in IGMP messages to discover which groups are active and to populate the multicast routing table.
leaves a multicast group by sending an IGMP message to its IGMP Querier. The querier is the router that surveys a subnet for multicast receivers and processes survey responses to populate the multicast routing table. IGMP messages are encapsulated in IP packets, as shown in the following illustration. Figure 42.
3 Any remaining hosts respond to the query according to the delay timer mechanism (refer to Adjusting Query and Response Timers). If no hosts respond (because there are none remaining in the group), the querier waits a specified period and sends another query. If it still receives no response, the querier removes the group from the list associated with forwarding port and stops forwarding traffic for that group to the subnet. IGMP Version 3 Conceptually, IGMP version 3 behaves the same as version 2.
Figure 44. IGMP Version 3–Capable Multicast Routers Address Structure Joining and Filtering Groups and Sources The following illustration shows how multicast routers maintain the group and source information from unsolicited reports. 1 The first unsolicited report from the host indicates that it wants to receive traffic for group 224.1.1.1. 2 The host’s second report indicates that it is only interested in traffic from group 224.1.1.1, source 10.11.1.1.
Figure 45. Membership Reports: Joining and Filtering Leaving and Staying in Groups The following illustration shows how multicast routers track and refresh state changes in response to group-and-specific and general queries. 1 Host 1 sends a message indicating it is leaving group 224.1.1.1 and that the included filter for 10.11.1.1 and 10.11.1.2 are no longer necessary.
Figure 46. Membership Queries: Leaving and Staying Configure IGMP Configuring IGMP is a two-step process. 1 Enable multicast routing using the ip multicast-routing command. 2 Enable a multicast routing protocol.
Viewing IGMP Enabled Interfaces Interfaces that are enabled with PIM-SM are automatically enabled with IGMP. To view IGMP-enabled interfaces, use the following command. • View IGMP-enabled IPv4 interfaces. EXEC Privilege mode • show ip igmp interface View IGMP-enabled IPv6 interfaces. EXEC Privilege mode show ipv6 mld interface Example of the show ip igmp interface Command DellEMC#show ip igmp interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/10/1 Inbound IGMP access group is not set Internet address is 165.87.34.
Internet address is 1.1.1.1/24 IGMP is enabled on interface IGMP query interval is 60 seconds IGMP querier timeout is 125 seconds IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds IGMP last member query response interval is 1000 ms IGMP immediate-leave is disabled IGMP activity: 0 joins, 0 leaves, 0 channel joins, 0 channel leaves IGMP querying router is 1.1.1.1 (this system) IGMP version is 3 Viewing IGMP Groups To view both learned and statically configured IGMP groups, use the following command.
When the querier receives a leave message from a host, it sends a group-specific query to the subnet. If no response is received, it sends another. The amount of time that the querier waits to receive a response to the initial query before sending a second one is the last member query interval (LMQI). The switch waits one LMQI after the second query before removing the group from the state table. • Adjust the period between queries.
IGMP Snooping IGMP snooping enables switches to use information in IGMP packets to generate a forwarding table that associates ports with multicast groups so that when they receive multicast frames, they can forward them only to interested receivers. Multicast packets are addressed with multicast MAC addresses, which represent a group of devices, rather than one unique device.
Removing a Group-Port Association To configure or view the remove a group-port association feature, use the following commands. • Configure the switch to remove a group-port association after receiving an IGMP Leave message. INTERFACE VLAN mode ip igmp fast-leave • View the configuration.
Configuring the Switch as Querier To configure the switch as a querier, use the following command. Hosts that do not support unsolicited reporting wait for a general query before sending a membership report. When the multicast source and receivers are in the same VLAN, multicast traffic is not routed and so there is no querier. Configure the switch to be the querier for a VLAN so that hosts send membership reports and the switch can generate a forwarding table by snooping.
Transit traffic (destination IP not configured in the switch) that is received on the front-end port with destination on the management port is dropped and received in the management port with destination on the front-end port is dropped. Switch-destined traffic (destination IP configured in the switch) is: • Received in the front-end port with destination IP equal to management port IP address or management port subnet broadcast address is dropped.
Application Name Port Number Client Server 443 for secure httpd 8008 HTTP server port for confd application 8888 secure HTTP server port for confd application If you configure a source interface is for any EIS management application, EIS might not coexist with that interface and the behavior is undefined in such a case. You can configure the source interface for the following applications: FTP, ICMP (ping and traceroute utilities), NTP, RADIUS, TACACS, Telnet, TFTP, syslog, and SNMP traps.
• For ping and traceroute utilities that are initiated from the switch, if reachability needs to be tested through routes in the management EIS routing table, you must configure ICMP as a management application. • If ping and traceroute are destined to the management port IP address, the response traffic for these packets is sent by doing route lookup in the EIS routing table.
• If the route lookup in the EIS routing table fails or if management port is down, then packets are dropped. The application-specific count of the dropped packets is incremented and is viewed using the show management application pkt-drop-cntr command. This counter is cleared using clear management application pkt-drop-cntr command. • Packets whose destination TCP/UDP port does not match a configured management application, take the regular route lookup flow in the IP stack.
Handling of Transit Traffic (Traffic Separation) This is forwarded traffic where destination IP is not an IP address configured in the switch. • Packets received on the management port with destination on the front-end port is dropped. • Packets received on the front-end port with destination on the management port is dropped. • A separate drop counter is incremented for this case. This counter is viewed using the netstat command, like all other IP layer counters.
This phenomenon occurs where traffic is terminated on the switch. Traffic has not originated from the switch and is not transiting the switch. The switch accepts all traffic destined to the switch, which is received on management or front-end data port. Response traffic with management port IP address as source IP address is handled in the same manner as switch originated traffic. Switch-Originated Traffic This phenomenon occurs where traffic is originating from the switch.
Protocol Behavior when EIS is Enabled Behavior when EIS is Disabled telnet EIS Behavior Default Behavior tftp EIS Behavior Default Behavior icmp (ping and traceroute) EIS Behavior for ICMP Default Behavior Behavior of Various Applications for Switch-Destined Traffic This section describes the different system behaviors that occur when traffic is terminated on the switch. Traffic has not originated from the switch and is not transiting the switch.
• ARP-related processing for switch-destined traffic is done by both master and standby units. VLT VLT feature is for the front-end port only. Because this feature is specific to the management port, this feature can coexist with VLT and nothing specific needs to be done in this feature to handle VLT scenario. DHCP • If DHCP Client is enabled on the management port, a management default route is installed to the switch.
20 Interfaces This chapter describes interface types, both physical and logical, and how to configure them with Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS). The system supports 10–Gigabit, 25–Gigabit, 40–Gigbit, 50–Gigabit, and 100–Gigabit QSFP 28 interfaces. NOTE: Only Dell-qualified optics are supported on these interfaces. Non-Dell optics for 40–Gigbit, 25–Gigabit, 50–Gigabit, and 100–Gigabit are set to error-disabled state.
• VLAN Interfaces • Loopback Interfaces • Null Interfaces • Port Channel Interfaces • Bulk Configuration • Defining Interface Range Macros • Monitoring and Maintaining Interfaces • Non Dell-Qualified Transceivers • Splitting 100G Ports • Link Dampening • Link Bundle Monitoring • Using Ethernet Pause Frames for Flow Control • Configure the MTU Size on an Interface • Configuring wavelength for 10–Gigabit SFP+ optics • Port-Pipes • CR4 Auto-Negotiation • Setting the Speed of Et
• Lists all configurable interfaces on the chassis. EXEC mode show interfaces This command has options to display the interface status, IP and MAC addresses, and multiple counters for the amount and type of traffic passing through the interface. If you configured a port channel interface, this command lists the interfaces configured in the port channel.
TenGigabitEthernet 1/6/2 TenGigabitEthernet 1/6/3 TenGigabitEthernet 1/6/4 unassigned unassigned unassigned NO NO NO Manual administratively down down Manual administratively down down Manual administratively down down To view only configured interfaces, use the show interfaces configured command in the EXEC Privilege mode. To determine which physical interfaces are available, use the show running-config command in EXEC mode. This command displays all physical interfaces available on the system.
All the applied configurations are removed and the interface is set to the factory default state. Enabling a Physical Interface After determining the type of physical interfaces available, to enable and configure the interfaces, enter INTERFACE mode by using the interface interface command. 1 Enter the keyword interface then the type of interface and slot/port[/subport] information.
Overview of Layer Modes On all systems running Dell EMC Networking OS, you can place physical interfaces, port channels, and VLANs in Layer 2 mode or Layer 3 mode. By default, VLANs are in Layer 2 mode. Table 43. Layer Modes Type of Interface Possible Modes Requires Creation Default State 10 Gigabit Ethernet, 25–Gigabit Ethernet, 40–Gigabit Ethernet, 50–Gigabit Ethernet, and 100– Gigabit Ethernet.
INTERFACE mode • no shutdown Place the interface in Layer 2 (switching) mode. INTERFACE mode switchport To view the interfaces in Layer 2 mode, use the show interfaces switchport command in EXEC mode. Configuring Layer 3 (Network) Mode When you assign an IP address to a physical interface, you place it in Layer 3 mode. To enable Layer 3 mode on an individual interface, use the following commands.
The ip-address must be in dotted-decimal format (A.B.C.D) and the mask must be in slash format (/xx). Add the keyword secondary if the IP address is the interface’s backup IP address. Example of the show ip interface Command You can only configure one primary IP address per interface. You can configure up to 255 secondary IP addresses on a single interface.
Configuring an automatic recovery for an Err-disabled interface To configure automatic Err-disabled recovery of an interface and time-out interval, use the following commands. 1 Configure automatic recovery of an interface from Err-disabled state based on the cause. CONFIGURATION mode errdisable recovery cause {bpduguard | fefd | maclearnlimit} NOTE: This command has to be configured before the interface moves to Err-disabled state. If not, the recovery action is not performed.
• Due to protocol, ARP packets received through the management port create two ARP entries (one for the lookup in the EIS table and one for the default routing table). Configuring EIS EIS is compatible with the following protocols: DNS, FTP, NTP, RADIUS, sFlow, SNMP, SSH, Syslog, TACACS, Telnet, and TFTP. To enable and configure EIS, use the following commands: 1 Enter EIS mode. CONFIGURATION mode management egress-interface-selection 2 Configure which applications uses EIS.
Configuring a Management Interface on an Ethernet Port You can manage the system through any port using remote access such as Telnet. To configure an IP address for the port, use the following commands. There is no separate management routing table, so configure all routes in the IP routing table (the ip route command). • Configure an IP address. INTERFACE mode ip address ip-address mask • Enable the interface. INTERFACE mode no shutdown • The interface is the management interface.
Dell EMC Networking OS supports Inter-VLAN routing (Layer 3 routing in VLANs). You can add IP addresses to VLANs and use them in routing protocols in the same manner that physical interfaces are used. For more information about configuring different routing protocols, refer to the chapters on the specific protocol. A consideration for including VLANs in routing protocols is that you must configure the no shutdown command. (For routing traffic to flow, you must enable the VLAN.
Null Interfaces The Null interface is another virtual interface. There is only one Null interface. It is always up, but no traffic is transmitted through this interface. To enter INTERFACE mode of the Null interface, use the following command. • Enter INTERFACE mode of the Null interface. CONFIGURATION mode interface null 0 The only configurable command in INTERFACE mode of the Null interface is the ip unreachable command.
The port channel ID ranges from 1 to 4096. As soon as you configure a port channel, Dell EMC Networking OS treats it like a physical interface. For example, IEEE 802.1Q tagging is maintained while the physical interface is in the port channel. Member ports of a LAG are added and programmed into the hardware in a predictable order based on the port ID, instead of in the order in which the ports come up. With this implementation, load balancing yields predictable results across device reloads.
Creating a Port Channel You can create up to 4096 port channels with up to 16 port members per group on the platform. To configure a port channel, use the following commands. 1 Create a port channel. CONFIGURATION mode interface port-channel id-number 2 Ensure that the port channel is active. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode no shutdown After you enable the port channel, you can place it in Layer 2 or Layer 3 mode.
show config Examples of the show interfaces port-channel Commands To view the port channel’s status and channel members in a tabular format, use the show interfaces port-channel brief command in EXEC Privilege mode, as shown in the following example.
Reassigning an Interface to a New Port Channel An interface can be a member of only one port channel. If the interface is a member of a port channel, remove it from the first port channel and then add it to the second port channel. Each time you add or remove a channel member from a port channel, Dell EMC Networking OS recalculates the hash algorithm for the port channel. To reassign an interface to a new port channel, use the following commands. 1 Remove the interface from the first port channel.
Example of Configuring the Minimum Oper Up Links in a Port Channel DellEMC#config t DellEMC(conf)#int po 1 DellEMC(conf-if-po-1)#minimum-links 5 DellEMC(conf-if-po-1)# Adding or Removing a Port Channel from a VLAN As with other interfaces, you can add Layer 2 port channel interfaces to VLANs. To add a port channel to a VLAN, place the port channel in Layer 2 mode (by using the switchport command). To add or remove a VLAN port channel and to view VLAN port channel members, use the following commands.
EXEC mode DellEMC(conf)# interface tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#switchport DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# vlan tagged 2-5,100,4010 DellEMC#show interfaces switchport te 1/1/1 Codes: U x G i - Untagged, T - Tagged Dot1x untagged, X - Dot1x tagged GVRP tagged, M - Trunk, H - VSN tagged Internal untagged, I - Internal tagged, v - VLT untagged, V - VLT tagged Name: TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 802.
Dell EMC Networking OS allows you to modify the hashing algorithms used for flows and for fragments. The load-balance and hashalgorithm commands are available for modifying the distribution algorithms. Load-Balancing Method By default, LAG hashing uses the source IP, destination IP, source transmission control protocol (TCP)/user datagram protocol (UDP) port, and destination TCP/UDP port for hash computation.
Hash seed is used to compute the hash value. By default hash seed is chassis MAC 32 bits. we can also change the hash seed by the following command. CONFIGURATION mode hash-algorithm seed {seed value} • Change to another algorithm.
The show range command is available under Interface Range mode. This command allows you to display all interfaces that have been validated under the interface range context. The show configuration command is also available under Interface Range mode. This command allows you to display the running configuration only for interfaces that are part of interface range. You can avoid specifying spaces between the range of interfaces, separated by commas, that you configure by using the interface range command.
1/1/3/2 , tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 - 1/3/2 DellEMC(conf-if-range-te-1/1/1-1/3/2)# Exclude a Smaller Port Range The following is an example show how the smaller of two port ranges is omitted in the interface-range prompt.
Define the Interface Range The following example shows how to define an interface-range macro named “test” to select Ten Gigabit Ethernet interfaces 5/1 through 5/4. Example of the define interface-range Command for Macros DellEMC(config)# define interface-range test tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 - 1/4/1 Choosing an Interface-Range Macro To use an interface-range macro, use the following command. • Selects the interfaces range to be configured using the values saved in a named interface-range macro.
Monitor time: 00:00:00 Refresh Intvl.
Non Dell-Qualified Transceivers The system supports Dell-qualified transceivers and only some of the non Dell-qualified transceivers. If the system displays an error message similar to the following, the transceiver is not Dell-qualified. The Dell EMC Networking OS places the interface in error-disabled (operationally down) state.
• – number: enter the port number of the 100G port to be split. The range is from 1 to 32. Split a 100G port into four 25G ports. CONFIGURATION Mode stack-unit stack-unit-number port number portmode quad speed 25G – stack-unit-number: enter the stack member unit identifier of the stack member to reset. • – number: enter the port number of the 100G port to be split. The range is from 1 to 32. Split a 100G port into one 40G ports.
Link dampening: • reduces processing on the CPUs by reducing excessive interface flapping. • improves network stability by penalizing misbehaving interfaces and redirecting traffic. • improves convergence times and stability throughout the network by isolating failures so that disturbances are not propagated. Important Points to Remember • Link dampening is not supported on VLAN interfaces. • Link dampening is disabled when the interface is configured for port monitoring.
Figure 47. Interface State Change Consider an interface periodically flaps as shown above. Every time the interface goes down, a penalty (1024) is added. In the above example, during the first interface flap (flap 1), the penalty is added to 1024. And, the accumulated penalty will exponentially decay based on the set half-life, which is set as 10 seconds in the above example.
accumulated. When the accumulated penalty exceeds the configured suppress threshold (2400), the interface state is set to Error-Disabled state. After the flap (flap 3), the interface flap stops. Then, the accumulated penalty decays exponentially and when it reaches below the set reuse threshold (300), the interface is unsuppressed and the interface state changes to “up” state. Enabling Link Dampening To enable link dampening, use the following command. • Enable link dampening.
Link Dampening Support for XML View the output of the following show commands in XML by adding | display xml to the end of the command. • show interfaces dampening • show interfaces dampening summary • show interfaces interface slot/port/subport Configure MTU Size on an Interface In Dell EMC Networking OS, Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is defined as the entire Ethernet packet (Ethernet header + FCS + payload).
link-bundle-distribution trigger-threshold DellEMC(conf)#link-bundle-distribution trigger-threshold • View the link bundle monitoring status. show link-bundle-distribution Using Ethernet Pause Frames for Flow Control Ethernet pause frames and threshold settings are supported on the Dell EMC Networking OS. Ethernet Pause Frames allow for a temporary stop in data transmission. A situation may arise where a sending device may transmit data faster than a destination device can accept it.
The flow control sender and receiver must be on the same port-pipe. Flow control is not supported across different port-pipes. To enable pause frames, use the following command. • Control how the system responds to and generates 802.3x pause frames on the Ethernet ports. INTERFACE mode flowcontrol {rx [off | on] tx [off | on] | monitor session-ID} – rx on: enter the keywords rx on to process the received flow control frames on this port.
For example, the VLAN contains tagged members with Link MTU of 1522 and IP MTU of 1500 and untagged members with Link MTU of 1518 and IP MTU of 1500. The VLAN’s Link MTU cannot be higher than 1518 bytes and its IP MTU cannot be higher than 1500 bytes. Configuring wavelength for 10–Gigabit SFP+ optics You can set the wavelength for tunable 10–Gigabit SFP+ optics using the wavelength command. To set the wavelength, follow these steps: • Enter the interface mode and set the wavelength.
• • For 100-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, CR4 auto-negotiation is enabled by default. For 40–Gigbit, 25–Gigabit and 50–Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, CR4 auto-negotiation is disabled by default. Setting the Speed of Ethernet Interfaces To discover whether the remote and local interface requires manual speed synchronization, and to manually synchronize them if necessary, use the following command sequence. 1 Determine the local interface status. Refer to the following example.
Te 1/2/1 Te 1/2/2 Te 1/2/3 Te 1/2/4 Fo 1/3 Fo 1/4 Fo 1/5 [output omitted] Up Up Up Up Down Down Down 10000 10000 Auto 10000 40000 40000 Auto Mbit Mbit Mbit Mbit Mbit Mbit Mbit Full Full Full Full Auto Auto Auto 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 ---- In the previous example, several ports display “Auto” in the Speed field. In the following example, the speed of port 1/1 is set to 100Mb and then its auto-negotiation is disabled.
• To disable FEC, use the no fec enable command. Set to default FEC value. INTERFACE mode • fec default Verify the configuration. INTERFACE mode show config Example of the fec enable Command example for the fec enable command for a 100G interface.
0 throttles, 0 discarded, 0 collisions, 0 wreddrops Rate info (interval 299 seconds): Input 00.00 Mbits/sec, 0 packets/sec, 0.00% of line-rate Output 00.00 Mbits/sec, 0 packets/sec, 0.00% of line-rate Time since last interface status change: 00:27:30 View Advanced Interface Information The following options have been implemented for the show [ip | running-config] interfaces commands for (only) stack-unit interfaces.
The following example shows how to configure rate interval when changing the default value. To configure the number of seconds of traffic statistics to display in the show interfaces output, use the following command. • Configure the number of seconds of traffic statistics to display in the show interfaces output. INTERFACE mode rate-interval Example of the rate-interval Command The bold lines shows the default value of 299 seconds, the change-rate interval of 100, and the new rate interval set to 100.
Configuring the Traffic Sampling Size Globally You can configure the traffic sampling size for an interface in the global configuration mode. All LAG members inherit the rate interval configuration from the LAG. Although you can enter any value between 30 and 299 seconds (the default), software polling is done once every 15 seconds. So, for example, if you enter “19”, you actually get a sample of the past 15 seconds. The following example shows how to configure rate interval when changing the default value.
Minimum number of links to bring Port-channel up is 1 Internet address is not set Mode of IPv4 Address Assignment : NONE DHCP Client-ID :4c7625f4ab02 MTU 1554 bytes, IP MTU 1500 bytes LineSpeed 80000 Mbit Members in this channel: Fo 1/1/7/1(U) Fo 1/1/8/1(U) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Queueing strategy: fifo Input Statistics: 13932 packets, 1111970 bytes 5588 64-byte pkts, 8254 over 64-byte pkts, 89 over 127-byte pkts 1 over 255-byte pkts, 0 over 511-byte pkts, 0 over 1023-byte pkts 13761 Multicast
clear counters [interface] [vrrp [vrid] | learning-limit] (OPTIONAL) Enter the following interface keywords and slot/port or number information: – For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port/subport information. – For a 25-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword twentyFiveGigE then the slot/port/subport information. – For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port/subport information.
Table 45. Standard and Compressed Configurations int vlan 2 int vlan 3 int vlan 4 int vlan 5 int vlan 100 int vlan 1000 no ip address tagged te 1/1/1 tagged te 1/1/1 tagged te 1/1/1 no ip address ip address 1.1.1.1/16 no shut no ip address no ip address no ip address no shut no shut shut shut shut int te 1/1/1 int te 1/2/1 int te 1/3/1 int te 1/4/1 int te 1/10/1 int te 1/34/1 no ip address no ip address no ip address no ip address no ip address ip address 2.1.1.
! shutdown interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/34/1 ! ip address 2.1.1.1/16 interface Vlan 1000 shutdown ip address 1.1.1.1/16 ! no shutdown interface Vlan 2 ! no ip address no shutdown Compressed config size – 27 lines. ! interface Vlan 3 tagged te 1/1/1 no ip address shutdown ! interface Vlan 4 tagged te 1/1/1 no ip address shutdown ! interface Vlan 5 tagged te 1/1/1 no ip address shutdown ! interface Vlan 100 no ip address no shutdown ! interface Vlan 1000 ip address 1.1.1.
The write memory compressed CLI will write the operating configuration to the startup-config file in the compressed mode. In stacking scenario, it will also take care of syncing it to all the standby and member units.
21 IPv4 Routing The Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS) supports various IP addressing features. This chapter describes the basics of domain name service (DNS), address resolution protocol (ARP), and routing principles and their implementation in the Dell EMC Networking OS.
• Configuring a Broadcast Address • Configurations Using UDP Helper • UDP Helper with Broadcast-All Addresses • UDP Helper with Subnet Broadcast Addresses • UDP Helper with Configured Broadcast Addresses • UDP Helper with No Configured Broadcast Addresses • Troubleshooting UDP Helper IP Addresses Dell EMC Networking OS supports IP version 4 (as described in RFC 791), classful routing, and variable length subnet masks (VLSM). With VLSM, you can configure one network with different masks.
2 • For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port/subport information. • For a 25-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword twentyFiveGigE then the slot/port/subport information. • For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port/subport information. • For a 50-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fiftyGigE then the slot/port/subport information.
– distance: the range is from 1 to 255. (optional) – permanent: keep the static route in the routing table (if you use the interface option) even if you disable the interface with the route. (optional) – tag tag-value: the range is from 1 to 4294967295. (optional) Example of the show ip route static Command To view the configured routes, use the show ip route static command. DellEMC#show ip route static Destination Gateway ----------------S 2.1.2.0/24 Direct, Nu 0 S 6.1.2.0/24 via 6.1.20.2, S 6.1.2.
Destination ----------10.16.0.0/16 172.16.1.0/24 Gateway ------ManagementEthernet 1/1 10.16.151.4 State ----Connected Active Route Source -----------Connected Static IPv4 Path MTU Discovery Overview The size of the packet that can be sent across each hop in the network path without being fragmented is called the path maximum transmission unit (PMTU).
Configuring the ICMP Source Interface You can enable the ICMP error and unreachable messages to contain the configured IP address of the source device instead of the previous hop's IP address. This configuration helps identify the devices along the path because the DNS server maps the loopback IP address to the host name, and does not translate the IP address of every interface of the switch to the host name.
To view the configuration, use the show config command in INTERFACE mode. Resolution of Host Names Domain name service (DNS) maps host names to IP addresses. This feature simplifies commands such as Telnet and FTP by allowing you to enter a name instead of an IP address. Dynamic resolution of host names is disabled by default. Unless you enable the feature, the system resolves only host names entered into the host table with the ip host command.
Specifying the Local System Domain and a List of Domains If you enter a partial domain, Dell EMC Networking OS can search different domains to finish or fully qualify that partial domain. A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is any name that is terminated with a period/dot. Dell EMC Networking OS searches the host table first to resolve the partial domain. The host table contains both statically configured and dynamically learnt host and IP addresses.
TTL Hostname Probe1 Probe2 Probe3 1 10.11.199.190 001.000 ms 001.000 ms 002.000 ms 2 gwegress-sjc-02.force10networks.com (10.11.30.126) 005.000 ms 001.000 ms 001.000 ms 3 fw-sjc-01.force10networks.com (10.11.127.254) 000.000 ms 000.000 ms 000.000 ms 4 www.dell.com (10.11.84.18) 000.000 ms 000.000 ms 000.000 ms DellEMC# ARP Dell EMC Networking OS uses two forms of address resolution: address resolution protocol (ARP) and Proxy ARP.
Protocol Address Age(min) Hardware Address Interface VLAN CPU -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Internet 10.1.2.4 17 08:00:20:b7:bd:32 Ma 1/1 CP DellEMC# Enabling Proxy ARP By default, Proxy ARP is enabled. To disable Proxy ARP, use the no proxy-arp command in the interface mode. To re-enable Proxy ARP, use the following command. • Re-enable Proxy ARP.
Enabling ARP Learning via Gratuitous ARP To enable ARP learning via gratuitous ARP, use the following command. • Enable ARP learning via gratuitous ARP. CONFIGURATION mode arp learn-enable ARP Learning via ARP Request In Dell EMC Networking OS versions prior to 8.3.1.0, Dell EMC Networking OS learns via ARP requests only if the target IP specified in the packet matches the IP address of the receiving router interface. This is the case when a host is attempting to resolve the gateway address.
Configuring ARP Retries You can configure the number of ARP retries. The default backoff interval remains at 20 seconds. To set and display ARP retries, use the following commands. • Set the number of ARP retries. CONFIGURATION mode arp retries number The default is 5. • The range is from 1 to 20. Set the exponential timer for resending unresolved ARPs. CONFIGURATION mode arp backoff-time The default is 30. • The range is from 1 to 3600. Display all ARP entries learned via gratuitous ARP.
ip unreachable To view if ICMP unreachable messages are sent on the interface, use the show config command in INTERFACE mode. If it is not listed in the show config command output, it is enabled. Only non-default information is displayed in the show config command output. UDP Helper User datagram protocol (UDP) helper allows you to direct the forwarding IP/UDP broadcast traffic by creating special broadcast addresses and rewriting the destination IP address of packets to match those addresses.
interface Vlan 100 ip address 1.1.0.1/24 ip udp-broadcast-address 1.1.255.255 untagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/2/1 no shutdown To view the configured broadcast address for an interface, use show interfaces command. DellEMC#show interfaces vlan 100 Vlan 100 is up, line protocol is down Address is 00:01:e8:0d:b9:7a, Current address is 00:01:e8:0d:b9:7a Interface index is 1107787876 Internet address is 1.1.0.1/24 IP UDP-Broadcast address is 1.1.255.
Figure 50. UDP Helper with Broadcast-All Addresses UDP Helper with Subnet Broadcast Addresses When the destination IP address of an incoming packet matches the subnet broadcast address of any interface, the system changes the address to the configured broadcast address and sends it to matching interface. In the following illustration, Packet 1 has the destination IP address 1.1.1.255, which matches the subnet broadcast address of VLAN 101.
Figure 52. UDP Helper with Configured Broadcast Addresses UDP Helper with No Configured Broadcast Addresses The following describes UDP helper with no broadcast addresses configured. • If the incoming packet has a broadcast destination IP address, the unaltered packet is routed to all Layer 3 interfaces. • If the Incoming packet has a destination IP address that matches the subnet broadcast address of any interface, the unaltered packet is routed to the matching interfaces.
22 IPv6 Routing Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) routing is the successor to IPv4. Due to the rapid growth in internet users and IP addresses, IPv4 is reaching its maximum usage. IPv6 will eventually replace IPv4 usage to allow for the constant expansion. This chapter provides a brief description of the differences between IPv4 and IPv6, and the Dell EMC Networking support of IPv6. This chapter is not intended to be a comprehensive description of IPv6.
Extended Address Space The address format is extended from 32 bits to 128 bits. This not only provides room for all anticipated needs, it allows for the use of a hierarchical address space structure to optimize global addressing. Stateless Autoconfiguration When a booting device comes up in IPv6 and asks for its network prefix, the device can get the prefix (or prefixes) from an IPv6 router on its link.
• Flow Label (20 bits) • Payload Length (16 bits) • Next Header (8 bits) • Hop Limit (8 bits) • Source Address (128 bits) • Destination Address (128 bits) IPv6 provides for extension headers. Extension headers are used only if necessary. There can be no extension headers, one extension header or more than one extension header in an IPv6 packet. Extension headers are defined in the Next Header field of the preceding IPv6 header.
The platforms uses only IPv6 /0 – 0/64 prefix route entries. Support for /0 – /128 IPv6 prefix route entries is available, although they are not utilized. A total of eight pools or regions are present with each region containing 1024 210-bit entries (supports up to 0/64 prefix). To support up to /128 prefixes, you must use 2 banks (410-bit entries). It is necessary to partition the LPM. The optimized booting functionality does not use Openflow and therefore SDN support is not available.
Next Header (8 bits) The Next Header field identifies the next header’s type. If an Extension header is used, this field contains the type of Extension header (as shown in the following table). If the next header is a transmission control protocol (TCP) or user datagram protocol (UDP) header, the value in this field is the same as for IPv4. The Extension header is located between the IP header and the TCP or UDP header. The following lists the Next Header field values.
Source Address (128 bits) The Source Address field contains the IPv6 address for the packet originator. Destination Address (128 bits) The Destination Address field contains the intended recipient’s IPv6 address. This can be either the ultimate destination or the address of the next hop router. Extension Header Fields Extension headers are used only when necessary. Due to the streamlined nature of the IPv6 header, adding extension headers do not severely impact performance.
10 Discard the packet and send an ICMP Parameter Problem Code 2 message to the packet’s Source IP Address identifying the unknown option type. 11 Discard the packet and send an ICMP Parameter Problem, Code 2 message to the packet’s Source IP Address only if the Destination IP Address is not a multicast address. The second byte contains the Option Data Length. The third byte specifies whether the information can change en route to the destination.
the same IPv6 address to a particular computer, and never to assign that IP address to another computer. This allows static IPv6 addresses to be configured in one place, without having to specifically configure each computer on the network in a different way. In IPv6, every interface, whether using static or dynamic address assignments, also receives a local-link address automatically in the fe80::/64 subnet.
Figure 54. Path MTU discovery process IPv6 Neighbor Discovery The IPv6 neighbor discovery protocol (NDP) is a top-level protocol for neighbor discovery on an IPv6 network. In place of address resolution protocol (ARP), NDP uses “Neighbor Solicitation” and “Neighbor Advertisement” ICMPv6 messages for determining relationships between neighboring nodes.
Figure 55. NDP Router Redirect IPv6 Neighbor Discovery of MTU Packets You can set the MTU advertised through the RA packets to incoming routers, without altering the actual MTU setting on the interface. The ipv6 nd mtu command sets the value advertised to routers. It does not set the actual MTU rate. For example, if you set ipv6 nd mtu to 1280, the interface still passes 1500-byte packets, if that is what is set with the mtu command.
DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#ipv6 nd dns-server 1000::1 ? <0-4294967295> Max lifetime (sec) which RDNSS address may be used for name resolution infinite Infinite lifetime (sec) which RDNSS address may be used for name resolution DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#ipv6 nd dns-server 1000::1 1 Debugging IPv6 RDNSS Information Sent to the Host To verify that the IPv6 RDNSS information sent to the host is configured correctly, use the debug ipv6 nd command in EXEC Privilege mode.
ND advertised reachable time is 0 milliseconds ND advertised retransmit interval is 0 milliseconds ND router advertisements are sent every 198 to 600 seconds ND router advertisements live for 1800 seconds ND advertised hop limit is 64 IPv6 hop limit for originated packets is 64 ND dns-server address is 1000::1 with lifetime of 1 seconds ND dns-server address is 3000::1 with lifetime of 1 seconds ND dns-server address is 2000::1 with lifetime of 0 seconds IP unicast RPF check is not supported To display IPv6
• IPv6 L3 ACL (ipv6acl): 0 • L3 QoS (ipv4qos): 1 • L2 QoS (l2qos): 1 To have the changes take effect, save the new CAM settings to the startup-config (write-mem or copy run start) then reload the system for the new settings. • Allocate space for IPV6 ACLs. Enter the CAM profile name then the allocated amount. CONFIGURATION mode cam-acl { ipv6acl } When not selecting the default option, enter all of the profiles listed and a range for each. The total space allocated must equal 13.
Assigning a Static IPv6 Route To configure IPv6 static routes, use the ipv6 route command. NOTE: After you configure a static IPv6 route (the ipv6 route command) and configure the forwarding router’s address (specified in the ipv6 route command) on a neighbor’s interface, the IPv6 neighbor does not display in the show ipv6 route command output. • Set up IPv6 static routes.
SNMP over IPv6 You can configure SNMP over IPv6 transport so that an IPv6 host can perform SNMP queries and receive SNMP notifications from a device running Dell EMC Networking OS IPv6. The Dell EMC Networking OS SNMP-server commands for IPv6 have been extended to support IPv6. For more information regarding SNMP commands, refer to the SNMP and SYSLOG chapters in the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Line Interface Reference Guide.
– For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port/subport information. – For a 25-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword twentyFiveGigE then the slot/port/subport information. – For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port/subport information. – For a 50-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fiftyGigE then the slot/port/subport information.
– To display information about ISO IS-IS routes, enter isis. – To display information about Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routes, enter ospf. – To display information about Routing Information Protocol (RIP), enter rip. – To display information about static IPv6 routes, enter static. – To display information about an IPv6 Prefix lists, enter list and the prefix-list name. Examples of the show ipv6 route Commands The following example shows the show ipv6 route summary command.
– For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port/subport information. – For a 25-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword twentyFiveGigE then the slot/port/subport information. – For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port/subport information. – For a 50-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fiftyGigE then the slot/port/subport information.
Use the keyword host to set the device role as host. Use the keyword router to set the device role as router. 5 Set the hop count limit. POLICY LIST CONFIGURATION mode hop-limit {maximum | minimum limit} The hop limit range is from 0 to 254. 6 Set the managed address configuration flag. POLICY LIST CONFIGURATION mode managed-config-flag {on | off} 7 Enable verification of the sender IPv6 address in inspected messages from the authorized device source access list.
POLICY LIST CONFIGURATION mode show config Example of the show config Command DellEMC(conf-ra_guard_policy_list)#show config ! ipv6 nd ra-guard policy test device-role router hop-limit maximum 251 mtu 1350 other-config-flag on reachable-time 540 retrans-timer 101 router-preference maximum medium trusted-port DellEMC(conf-ra_guard_policy_list)# IPv6 Routing 469
23 iSCSI Optimization This chapter describes how to configure internet small computer system interface (iSCSI) optimization, which enables quality-of-service (QoS) treatment for iSCSI traffic.
• iSCSI QoS — A user-configured iSCSI class of service (CoS) profile is applied to all iSCSI traffic. Classifier rules are used to direct the iSCSI data traffic to queues that can be given preferential QoS treatment over other data passing through the switch. Preferential treatment helps to avoid session interruptions during times of congestion that would otherwise cause dropped iSCSI packets. • iSCSI DCBx TLVs are supported.
Monitoring iSCSI Traffic Flows The switch snoops iSCSI session-establishment and termination packets by installing classifier rules that trap iSCSI protocol packets to the CPU for examination. Devices that initiate iSCSI sessions usually use well-known TCP ports 3260 or 860 to contact targets. When you enable iSCSI optimization, by default the switch identifies IP packets to or from these ports as iSCSI traffic.
If more than 256 simultaneous sessions are logged continuously, the following message displays indicating the queue rate limit has been reached: %STKUNIT2-M:CP %iSCSI-5-ISCSI_OPT_MAX_SESS_EXCEEDED: New iSCSI Session Ignored: ISID 400001370000 InitiatorName - iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:dt-brcd-cna-2 TargetName iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:4-52aed6-b90d9446c-162466364804fa49-wj-v1 TSIH - 0" NOTE: If you are using EqualLogic or Compellent storage arrays, more than 256 simultaneous iSCSI sessions are possible.
including jumbo frames and flow-control on all ports; no storm control and spanning-tree port fast to be enabled on the port of detection. After you execute the iscsi profile-compellent command, the following actions occur: • Jumbo frame size is set to the maximum for all interfaces on all ports and port-channels, if it is not already enabled. • Spanning-tree portfast is enabled on the interface. • Unicast storm control is disabled on the interface.
Default iSCSI Optimization Values The following table lists the default values for the iSCSI optimization feature. Table 46. iSCSI Optimization Defaults Parameter Default Value iSCSI Optimization global setting Disabled. iSCSI CoS mode (802.1p priority queue mapping) dot1p priority 4 without the remark setting when you enable iSCSI. If you do not enable iSCSI, this feature is disabled.
CONFIGURATION mode iscsi enable 3 For a DCB environment: Configure DCB and iSCSI. 4 Save the configuration on the switch. EXEC Privilege mode write memory 5 Reload the switch. EXEC Privilege mode reload After the switch is reloaded, DCB/ DCBx and iSCSI monitoring are enabled. 6 (Optional) Configure the iSCSI target ports and optionally the IP addresses on which iSCSI communication is monitored. CONFIGURATION mode [no] iscsi target port tcp-port-1 [tcp-port-2...
The default is 10 minutes. 9 (Optional) Configures DCBX to send iSCSI TLV advertisements. LLDP CONFIGURATION mode or INTERFACE LLDP CONFIGURATION mode [no] advertise dcbx-app-tlv iscsi. You can send iSCSI TLVs either globally or on a specified interface. The interface configuration takes priority over global configuration. The default is Enabled. 10 (Optional) Configures the advertised priority bitmap in iSCSI application TLVs. LLDP CONFIGURATION mode [no] iscsi priority-bits.
Target: iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-0e70c2002-10a0018426a48c94-iom010 Initiator: iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win-x9l8v27yajg ISID: 400001370000 VLT PEER2 Session 0: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Target: iqn.2001-05.com.equallogic:0-8a0906-0f60c2002-0360018428d48c94-iom011 iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win-x9l8v27yajg ISID: 400001370000 The following example shows the show iscsi session detailed command.
24 Intermediate System to Intermediate System The intermediate system to intermediate system (IS-IS) protocol that uses a shortest-path-first algorithm. Dell EMC Networking supports both IPv4 and IPv6 versions of IS-IS.
• area address — within your routing domain or area, each area must have a unique area value. The first byte is called the authority and format indicator (AFI). • system address — the router’s MAC address. • N-selector — this is always 0. The following illustration is an example of the ISO-style address to show the address format IS-IS uses. In this example, the first five bytes (47.0005.0001) are the area address. The system portion is 000c.000a.4321 and the last byte is always 0. Figure 57.
Interface Support MT IS-IS is supported on physical Ethernet interfaces, physical synchronous optical network technologies (SONET) interfaces, portchannel interfaces (static and dynamic using LACP), and virtual local area network (VLAN) interfaces. Adjacencies Adjacencies on point-to-point interfaces are formed as usual, where IS-IS routers do not implement MT extensions.
IPv6 Reachability and IPv6 Interface Address. Also, a new IPv6 protocol identifier has also been included in the supported TLVs. The new TLVs use the extended metrics and up/down bit semantics. Multi-topology IS-IS adds TLVs: • MT TLV — contains one or more Multi-Topology IDs in which the router participates. This TLV is included in IIH and the first fragment of an LSP. • MT Intermediate Systems TLV — appears for every topology a node supports.
Configuration Tasks for IS-IS The following describes the configuration tasks for IS-IS. • Enabling IS-IS • Configure Multi-Topology IS-IS (MT IS-IS) • Configuring IS-IS Graceful Restart • Changing LSP Attributes • Configuring the IS-IS Metric Style • Configuring IS-IS Cost • Changing the IS-Type • Controlling Routing Updates • Configuring Authentication Passwords • Setting the Overload Bit • Debugging IS-IS Enabling IS-IS By default, IS-IS is not enabled.
4 • For a 25-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword twentyFiveGigE then the slot/port/subport information. • For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port/subport information. • For a 50-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fiftyGigE then the slot/port/subport information. • For a 100-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword hundredGigE then the slot/port information.
Distance: 115 Generate narrow metrics: Accept narrow metrics: Generate wide metrics: Accept wide metrics: DellEMC# level-1-2 level-1-2 none none To view IS-IS protocol statistics, use the show isis traffic command in EXEC Privilege mode.
Use this command for IPv6 route computation only when you enable multi-topology. If using single-topology mode, to apply to both IPv4 and IPv6 route computations, use the spf-interval command in CONFIG ROUTER ISIS mode. 4 Implement a wide metric-style globally. ROUTER ISIS AF IPV6 mode isis ipv6 metric metric-value [level-1 | level-2 | level-1-2] To configure wide or wide transition metric style, the cost can be between 0 and 16,777,215.
ROUTER-ISIS mode graceful-restart t3 {adjacency | manual seconds} – adjacency: the restarting router receives the remaining time value from its peer and adjusts its T3 value so if user has configured this option. – manual: allows you to specify a fixed value that the restarting router should use. The range is from 50 to 120 seconds. The default is 30 seconds.
Hello Interval: 10, Hello Multiplier: 3, CSNP Interval: 10 Number of active level-2 adjacencies: 1 Next IS-IS LAN Level-1 Hello in 4 seconds Next IS-IS LAN Level-2 Hello in 6 seconds LSP Interval: 33 Next IS-IS LAN Level-1 Hello in 4 seconds Next IS-IS LAN Level-2 Hello in 6 seconds LSP Interval: 33 Restart Capable Neighbors: 2, In Start: 0, In Restart: 0 DellEMC# Changing LSP Attributes IS-IS routers flood link state PDUs (LSPs) to exchange routing information.
Configuring the IS-IS Metric Style All IS-IS links or interfaces are associated with a cost that is used in the shortest path first (SPF) calculations. The possible cost varies depending on the metric style supported. If you configure narrow, transition, or narrow transition metric style, the cost can be a number between 0 and 63. If you configure wide or wide transition metric style, the cost can be a number between 0 and 16,777,215.
Distance: 115 Generate narrow metrics: Accept narrow metrics: Generate wide metrics: Accept wide metrics: DellEMC# level-1-2 level-1-2 none none Configuring the IS-IS Cost When you change from one IS-IS metric style to another, the IS-IS metric value could be affected. For each interface with IS-IS enabled, you can assign a cost or metric that is used in the link state calculation. To change the metric or cost of the interface, use the following commands. • Assign an IS-IS metric.
Changing the IS-Type To change the IS-type, use the following commands. You can configure the system to act as a Level 1 router, a Level 1-2 router, or a Level 2 router. To change the IS-type for the router, use the following commands. • Configure IS-IS operating level for a router. ROUTER ISIS mode is-type {level-1 | level-1-2 | level-2-only} • Default is level-1-2. Change the IS-type for the IS-IS process.
– For a 100-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword hundredGigE then the slot/port information. – For a Loopback interface, enter the keyword loopback then a number from 0 to 16383. – For a port channel interface, enter the keywords port-channel then a number. – For a VLAN interface, enter the keyword vlan then a number from 1 to 4094. Distribute Routes Another method of controlling routing information is to filter the information through a prefix list.
Applying IPv6 Routes To apply prefix lists to incoming or outgoing IPv6 routes, use the following commands. NOTE: These commands apply to IPv6 IS-IS only. To apply prefix lists to IPv4 routes, use ROUTER ISIS mode, previously shown. • Apply a configured prefix list to all incoming IPv6 IS-IS routes.
redistribute {bgp as-number | connected | rip | static} [level-1 level-1-2 | level-2] [metric metric-value] [metric-type {external | internal}] [route-map map-name] Configure the following parameters: – level-1, level-1-2, or level-2: assign all redistributed routes to a level. The default is level-2. – metric-value the range is from 0 to 16777215. The default is 0. – metric-type: choose either external or internal. The default is internal. • – map-name: enter the name of a configured route map.
– match external: the range is 1 or 2. – match internal – metric-type: external or internal. – map-name: name of a configured route map. To view the IS-IS configuration globally (including both IPv4 and IPv6 settings), use the show running-config isis command in EXEC Privilege mode. To view the current IPv4 IS-IS configuration, use the show config command in ROUTER ISIS mode. To view the current IPv6 IS-IS configuration, use the show config command in ROUTER ISIS-ADDRESS FAMILY IPV6 mode.
no set-overload-bit Example of Viewing the Overload Bit Setting When the bit is set, a 1 is placed in the OL column in the show isis database command output. The overload bit is set in both the Level-1 and Level-2 database because the IS type for the router is Level-1-2. DellEMC#show isis database IS-IS Level-1 Link State Database LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum B233.00-00 0x00000003 0x07BF eljefe.00-00 * 0x0000000A 0xF963 eljefe.01-00 * 0x00000001 0x68DF eljefe.02-00 * 0x00000001 0x2E7F Force10.
EXEC Privilege mode debug isis update-packets [interface] To view specific information, enter the following optional parameter: – interface: Enter the type of interface and slot/port information to view IS-IS information on that interface only. Dell EMC Networking OS displays debug messages on the console. To view which debugging commands are enabled, use the show debugging command in EXEC Privilege mode. To disable a specific debug command, enter the keyword no then the debug command.
Maximum Values in the Routing Table IS-IS metric styles support different cost ranges for the route. The cost range for the narrow metric style is 0 to 1023, while all other metric styles support a range of 0 to 0xFE000000. Change the IS-IS Metric Style in One Level Only By default, the IS-IS metric style is narrow. When you change from one IS-IS metric style to another, the IS-IS metric value (configured with the isis metric command) could be affected.
Beginning Metric Style Final Metric Style Resulting IS-IS Metric Value narrow transition transition original value wide transition wide original value wide transition narrow default value (10) if the original value is greater than 63. A message is sent to the console. wide transition narrow transition default value (10) if the original value is greater than 63. A message is sent to the console. wide transition transition truncated value (the truncated value appears in the LSP only).
Level-1 Metric Style Level-2 Metric Style Resulting Metric Value wide transition truncated value narrow transition wide original value narrow transition narrow original value narrow transition wide transition original value narrow transition transition original value transition wide original value transition narrow original value transition wide transition original value transition narrow transition original value wide transition wide original value wide transition narrow
Figure 58. IPv6 IS-IS Sample Topography IS-IS Sample Configuration — Congruent Topology IS-IS Sample Configuration — Multi-topology IS-IS Sample Configuration — Multi-topology Transition The following is a sample configuration for enabling IPv6 IS-IS. DellEMC(conf-if-te-3/17/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/17/1 ip address 24.3.1.
exit-address-family DellEMC(conf-router_isis)# DellEMC(conf-if-te-3/17/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/17/1 ipv6 address 24:3::1/76 ipv6 router isis no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-3/17/1)# DellEMC(conf-router_isis)#show config ! router isis net 34.0000.0000.AAAA.
25 In-Service Software Upgrade This chapter deals with In-Service Software Upgrade (ISSU) and its dependencies. Topics: • • • • • • • • • ISSU Introduction Fastboot 2.0 (Zero Loss Upgrade) L2 ISSU L3 ISSU CoPP Mirroring flow control packets PFC QoS Tunnel Configuration ISSU Introduction In-service software upgrades (ISSU), also known as warmboot or fastboot 2.0, allow Dell EMC Networking to address software bugs and add new features to switches and routers without interrupting network availability.
and traffic will be treated seamlessly, during reload. After the reload is complete, the running-config and startup-config will be compared and if there is a difference, the device will be programmed based on the startup-config. L2 ISSU This section deals with L2 ISSU related information.
CoPP Control Plane Policing (CoPP) in Dell EMC Networking OS provides a method for protecting CPU bound control plane packets by policing packets punted to CPU with a specified rate and from undesired or malicious traffic.
and if there is a difference, the device will be programmed based on the startup-config. If tunnel keepalive is configured over the tunnel interface then tunnel keepalive threshold should be set to 90 seconds.
26 Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) A link aggregation group (LAG), referred to as a port channel by the Dell EMC Networking OS, can provide both load-sharing and port redundancy across line cards. You can enable LAGs as static or dynamic. Introduction to Dynamic LAGs and LACP A link aggregation group (LAG), referred to as a port channel by Dell EMC Networking OS, can provide both load-sharing and port redundancy across line cards. You can enable LAGs as static or dynamic.
LACP Modes Dell EMC Networking OS provides three modes for configuration of LACP — Off, Active, and Passive. • Off — In this state, an interface is not capable of being part of a dynamic LAG. LACP does not run on any port that is configured to be in this state. • Active — In this state, the interface is said to be in the “active negotiating state.” LACP runs on any link that is configured to be in this state.
The default is 32768. LACP Configuration Tasks The following configuration tasks apply to LACP. • Creating a LAG • Configuring the LAG Interfaces as Dynamic • Setting the LACP Long Timeout • Monitoring and Debugging LACP • Configuring Shared LAG State Tracking Creating a LAG To create a dynamic port channel (LAG), use the following command. First you define the LAG and then the LAG interfaces. • Create a dynamic port channel (LAG).
DellEMC(conf)#interface TenGigabitethernet 4/15/1 DellEMC(conf-if-te-4/15/1)#no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-4/15/1)#port-channel-protocol lacp DellEMC(conf-if-te-4/15/1-lacp)#port-channel 32 mode active ...
• Debug LACP, including configuration and events. EXEC mode [no] debug lacp [config | events | pdu [in | out | [interface [in | out]]]] Shared LAG State Tracking Shared LAG state tracking provides the flexibility to bring down a port channel (LAG) based on the operational state of another LAG. At any time, only two LAGs can be a part of a group such that the fate (status) of one LAG depends on the other LAG.
Example of LAGs in the Same Failover Group DellEMC#config DellEMC(conf)#port-channel failover-group DellEMC(conf-po-failover-grp)#group 1 port-channel 1 port-channel 2 To view the failover group configuration, use the show running-configuration po-failover-group command. DellEMC#show running-config po-failover-group ! port-channel failover-group group 1 port-channel 1 port-channel 2 As shown in the following illustration, LAGs 1 and 2 are members of a failover group.
Important Points about Shared LAG State Tracking The following is more information about shared LAG state tracking. • • • • • This feature is available for static and dynamic LAGs. Only a LAG can be a member of a failover group. You can configure shared LAG state tracking on one side of a link or on both sides. If a LAG that is part of a failover group is deleted, the failover group is deleted. If a LAG moves to the Down state due to this feature, its members may still be in the Up state.
Port is part of Port-channel 10 Hardware is DellEMCEth, address is 00:01:e8:06:95:c0 Current address is 00:01:e8:06:95:c0 Interface Index is 109101113 Port will not be disabled on partial SFM failure Internet address is not set MTU 1554 bytes, IP MTU 1500 bytes LineSpeed 10000 Mbit, Mode full duplex, Slave Flowcontrol rx on tx on ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:02:11 Queueing strategy: fifo Input statistics: 132 packets, 163668 bytes 0 Vlans 0 64-byte pkts,
Figure 62.
Figure 63.
Figure 64.
Summary of the LAG Configuration on Bravo Bravo(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#int port-channel 10 Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#no ip add Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#switch Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#no shut Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#show config ! interface Port-channel 10 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#exit Bravo(conf)#int tengig 3/21/1 Bravo(conf)#no ip address Bravo(conf)#no switchport Bravo(conf)#shutdown Bravo(conf-if-te-3/21/1)#port-channel-protocol lacp Bravo(conf-if-te-3/21/1-lacp)#port-channel 10 mode activ
Figure 65.
Figure 66.
Figure 67. Inspecting the LAG Status Using the show lacp command The point-to-point protocol (PPP) is a connection-oriented protocol that enables layer two links over various different physical layer connections. It is supported on both synchronous and asynchronous lines, and can operate in Half-Duplex or Full-Duplex mode. It was designed to carry IP traffic but is general enough to allow any type of network layer datagram to be sent over a PPP connection.
27 Layer 2 This chapter describes the Layer 2 features supported on the device. Manage the MAC Address Table You can perform the following management tasks in the MAC address table. • Clearing the MAC Address Table • Setting the Aging Time for Dynamic Entries • Configuring a Static MAC Address • Displaying the MAC Address Table Clearing the MAC Address Table You may clear the MAC address table of dynamic entries. To clear a MAC address table, use the following command.
Configuring a Static MAC Address A static entry is one that is not subject to aging. Enter static entries manually. To create a static MAC address entry, use the following command. • Create a static MAC address entry in the MAC address table. CONFIGURATION mode mac-address-table static Displaying the MAC Address Table To display the MAC address table, use the following command. • Display the contents of the MAC address table.
In this case, the configuration is still present in the running-config and show output. Remove the configuration before re-applying a MAC learning limit with a lower value. Also, ensure that you can view the Syslog messages on your session. NOTE: The CAM-check failure message beginning in Dell EMC Networking OS version 8.3.1.0 is different from versions 8.2.1.
When you enable sticky mac on an interface, dynamically-learned MAC addresses do not age, even if you enabled mac-learninglimit dynamic. If you configured mac-learning-limit and mac-learning-limit dynamic and you disabled sticky MAC, any dynamically-learned MAC addresses ages. mac learning-limit station-move The mac learning-limit station-move command allows a MAC address already in the table to be learned from another interface.
Setting Station Move Violation Actions no-station-move is the default behavior. You can configure the system to take an action if a station move occurs using one the following options with the mac learning-limit command. To display a list of interfaces configured with MAC learning limit or station move violation actions, use the following commands. • Generate a system log message indicating a station move. INTERFACE mode station-move-violation log • Shut down the first port to learn the MAC address.
Disabling MAC Address Learning on the System You can configure the system to not learn MAC addresses from LACP and LLDP BPDUs. To disable source MAC address learning from LACP and LLDP BPDUs, follow this procedure: • Disable source MAC address learning from LACP BPDUs. CONFIGURATION mode mac-address-table disable-learning lacp • Disable source MAC address learning from LLDP BPDUs. CONFIGURATION mode mac-address-table disable-learning lldp • Disable source MAC address learning from LACP and LLDP BPDUs.
NOTE: If you have configured the no mac-address-table station-move refresh-arp command, traffic continues to be forwarded to the failed NIC until the ARP entry on the switch times out. Figure 69.
Figure 70. Configuring Redundant Layer 2 Pairs without Spanning Tree You configure a redundant pair by assigning a backup interface to a primary interface with the switchport backup interface command. Initially, the primary interface is active and transmits traffic and the backup interface remains down. If the primary fails for any reason, the backup transitions to an active Up state. If the primary interface fails and later comes back up, it remains as the backup interface for the redundant pair.
Important Points about Configuring Redundant Pairs • • • • You may not configure any interface to be a backup for more than one interface, no interface can have more than one backup, and a backup interface may not have a backup interface. The active or backup interface can be a LAG, but it cannot be a member port of a LAG. The active and standby do not have to be of the same type (1G, 10G, and so on).
DellEMC#show interfaces switchport backup Interface Status Paired Interface Port-channel 1 Active Port-chato mannel 2 Port-channel 2 Standby Port-channel 1 DellEMC# Status Standby Active DellEMC(conf-if-po-1)#switchport backup interface tengigabitethernet 1/2/1 Apr 9 00:16:29: %STKUNIT0-M:CP %IFMGR-5-L2BKUP_WARN: Do not run any Layer2 protocols on Po 1 and Te 1/2/1 DellEMC(conf-if-po-1)# Far-End Failure Detection Far-end failure detection (FEFD) is a protocol that senses remote data link errors in a netw
FEFD State Changes FEFD has two operational modes, Normal and Aggressive. When you enable Normal mode on an interface and a far-end failure is detected, no intervention is required to reset the interface to bring it back to an FEFD operational state. When you enable Aggressive mode on an interface in the same state, manual intervention is required to reset the interface.
Configuring FEFD You can configure FEFD for all interfaces from CONFIGURATION mode, or on individual interfaces from INTERFACE mode. To enable FEFD globally on all interfaces, use the following command. • Enable FEFD globally on all interfaces. CONFIGURATION mode fefd-global To report interval frequency and mode adjustments, use the following commands. 1 Setup two or more connected interfaces for Layer 2 or Layer 3.
fefd [mode {aggressive | normal}] • Disable FEFD protocol on one interface. INTERFACE mode fefd disable Disabling an interface shuts down all protocols working on that interface’s connected line. It does not delete your previous FEFD configuration which you can enable again at any time. To set up and activate two or more connected interfaces, use the following commands. 1 Setup two or more connected interfaces for Layer 2 or Layer 3.
2w1d22h: %RPM0-P:CP %IFMGR-5-INACTIVE: Changed Vlan interface state to inactive: Vl 1 2w1d22h : FEFD state on Te 4/1/1 changed from Bi-directional to Unknown DellEMC#debug fefd packets DellEMC#2w1d22h : FEFD packet sent via interface Te 1/1/1 Sender state -- Bi-directional Sender info -- Mgmt Mac(00:01:e8:14:89:25), Slot-Port-Subport(Te 1/1/1) Peer info -- Mgmt Mac (00:01:e8:14:89:25), Slot-Port-Subport(Te 4/1/1) Sender hold time -- 3 (second) 2w1d22h : FEFD packet received on interface Te 4/1/1 Sender stat
28 Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) This chapter describes how to configure and use the link layer discovery protocol (LLDP). 802.1AB (LLDP) Overview LLDP — defined by IEEE 802.1AB — is a protocol that enables a local area network (LAN) device to advertise its configuration and receive configuration information from adjacent LLDP-enabled LAN infrastructure devices.
Table 53. Type, Length, Value (TLV) Types Type TLV Description 0 End of LLDPDU Marks the end of a LLDPDU. 1 Chassis ID An administratively assigned name that identifies the LLDP agent. 2 Port ID An administratively assigned name that identifies a port through which TLVs are sent and received. 3 Time to Live An administratively assigned name that identifies a port through which TLVs are sent and received.
Figure 74. Organizationally Specific TLV IEEE Organizationally Specific TLVs Eight TLV types have been defined by the IEEE 802.1 and 802.3 working groups as a basic part of LLDP; the IEEE OUI is 00-80-C2. You can configure the Dell EMC Networking system to advertise any or all of these TLVs. Table 54. Optional TLV Types Type TLV Description 4 Port description A user-defined alphanumeric string that describes the port. Dell EMC Networking OS does not currently support this TLV.
Type TLV Description in the Dell EMC Networking OS implementation of LLDP, but is available and mandatory (non-configurable) in the LLDPMED implementation. 127 Link Aggregation Indicates whether the link is capable of being aggregated, whether it is currently in a LAG, and the port identification of the LAG. Dell EMC Networking OS does not currently support this TLV. 127 Maximum Frame Size Indicates the maximum frame size capability of the MAC and PHY.
Type SubType TLV Description • LLDP device class 127 2 Network Policy Indicates the application type, VLAN ID, Layer 2 Priority, and DSCP value. 127 3 Location Identification Indicates that the physical location of the device expressed in one of three possible formats: • • • 127 4 Inventory Management TLVs Implementation of this set of TLVs is optional in LLDP-MED devices. None or all TLVs must be supported. Dell EMC Networking OS does not currently support these TLVs.
When you enable LLDP-MED in Dell EMC Networking OS (using the advertise med command), the system begins transmitting this TLV. Figure 75. LLDP-MED Capabilities TLV Table 56. Dell EMC Networking OS LLDP-MED Capabilities Bit Position TLV Dell EMC Networking OS Support 0 LLDP-MED Capabilities Yes 1 Network Policy Yes 2 Location Identification Yes 3 Extended Power via MDI-PSE Yes 4 Extended Power via MDI-PD No 5 Inventory No 6–15 reserved No Table 57.
NOTE: As shown in the following table, signaling is a series of control packets that are exchanged between an endpoint device and a network connectivity device to establish and maintain a connection. These signal packets might require a different network policy than the media packets for which a connection is made. In this case, configure the signaling application. Table 58.
• Configuring LLDPDU Intervals • Configuring Transmit and Receive Mode • Configuring a Time to Live • Debugging LLDP Important Points to Remember • LLDP is enabled by default. • Dell EMC Networking systems support up to eight neighbors per interface. • Dell EMC Networking systems support a maximum of 8000 total neighbors per system. If the number of interfaces multiplied by eight exceeds the maximum, the system does not configure more than 8000.
Enabling LLDP LLDP is enabled by default. Enable and disable LLDP globally or per interface. If you enable LLDP globally, all UP interfaces send periodic LLDPDUs. To enable LLDP, use the following command. 1 Enter Protocol LLDP mode. CONFIGURATION or INTERFACE mode protocol lldp 2 Enable LLDP. PROTOCOL LLDP mode no disable Disabling and Undoing LLDP To disable or undo LLDP, use the following command. • Disable LLDP globally or for an interface.
LLDP-MANAGEMENT-INTERFACE mode. management-interface 3 Enter the disable command. LLDP-MANAGEMENT-INTERFACE mode. To undo an LLDP management port configuration, precede the relevant command with the keyword no. Advertising TLVs You can configure the system to advertise TLVs out of all interfaces or out of specific interfaces. • If you configure the system globally, all interfaces send LLDPDUs with the specified TLVs.
Figure 77. Configuring LLDP Storing and Viewing Unrecognized LLDP TLVs Dell EMC Networking OS provides support to store unrecognized (reserved and organizational specific) LLDP TLVs. Also, support is extended to retrieve the stored unrecognized TLVs using SNMP. When the incoming TLV from LLDP neighbors is not recognized, the TLV is categorized as unrecognized TLV.
The organizational specific TLV list is limited to store 256 entries per neighbor. If TLV entries are more than 256, then the oldest entry (of that neighbor) in the list is replaced. A syslog message appears when the organization specific unrecognized TLV list exceeds more than 205 entries (80 percent of 256) for you to take action.
show lldp neighbors • Display all of the information that neighbors are advertising.
(109, 4) (110, 4) (111, 4) (112, 4) (113, 4) (114, 4) (115, 4) (116, (119, 4) (120, 4) (121, 4) (122, 4) (123, 4) (124, 4) (125, 4) (126, OrgUnknownTLVList: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) (117, 4) 4) (118, 4) ======================================================================== Local Interface FortyGigE 1/1/2 has 3 neighbors Total Frames Out: 4 Total Frames In: 8 Total Neighbor information Age outs: 0 Total Multiple Neighbors Detected: 0 Total Frames Di
advertise dot1-tlv port-protocol-vlan-id port-vlan-id advertise dot3-tlv max-frame-size advertise management-tlv system-capabilities system-description no disable R1(conf-lldp)#mode ? rx Rx only tx Tx only R1(conf-lldp)#mode tx R1(conf-lldp)#show config ! protocol lldp advertise dot1-tlv port-protocol-vlan-id port-vlan-id advertise dot3-tlv max-frame-size advertise management-tlv system-capabilities system-description mode tx no disable R1(conf-lldp)#no mode R1(conf-lldp)#show config ! protocol lldp adverti
Example of Configuring a Single Mode R1(conf)#protocol lldp R1(conf-lldp)#show config ! protocol lldp advertise dot1-tlv port-protocol-vlan-id port-vlan-id advertise dot3-tlv max-frame-size advertise management-tlv system-capabilities system-description no disable R1(conf-lldp)#mode ? rx Rx only tx Tx only R1(conf-lldp)#mode tx R1(conf-lldp)#show config ! protocol lldp advertise dot1-tlv port-protocol-vlan-id port-vlan-id advertise dot3-tlv max-frame-size advertise management-tlv system-capabilities system-
R1(conf-lldp)#no multiplier R1(conf-lldp)#show config ! protocol lldp advertise dot1-tlv port-protocol-vlan-id port-vlan-id advertise dot3-tlv max-frame-size advertise management-tlv system-capabilities system-description no disable R1(conf-lldp)# Debugging LLDP You can view the TLVs that your system is sending and receiving. To view the TLVs, use the following commands. • • View a readable version of the TLVs.
Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 22:38:27 22:38:27 22:38:27 22:38:28 22:38:28 22:38:29 22:38:29 22:38:29 22:38:29 22:38:29 22:38:29 22:38:29 : : : : : : : : : : : : 01 80 c2 00 00 0e 00 a0 c9 00 00 03 81 00 00 88 cc 02 07 04 00 a0 c9 00 00 01 04 02 05 54 02 01 2c fe 05 aa bb cc 04 61 fa 01 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 c6 0f ba 27 TLV: Chassis ID, Len: 7, Subtype: Mac address TLV: Port ID, Len: 2, Subtype: Interface name TLV: TTL, Len: 2, Value: 300 TLV: UNKNOWN
MIB Object Category LLDP Variable LLDP MIB Object Description statsFramesOutTotal lldpStatsTxPortFramesTotal Total number of LLDP frames transmitted through the port. statsTLVsDiscardedTotal lldpStatsRxPortTLVsDiscardedTotal Total number of TLVs received then discarded. statsTLVsUnrecognizedTotal lldpStatsRxPortTLVsUnrecognizedTot Total number of all TLVs the local al agent does not recognize. Table 60.
TLV Type TLV Name TLV Variable interface number OID System LLDP MIB Object Remote lldpRemManAddrIfSubtype Local lldpLocManAddrIfId Remote lldpRemManAddrIfId Local lldpLocManAddrOID Remote lldpRemManAddrOID Table 61. LLDP 802.
TLV Sub-Type 2 TLV Name Network Policy TLV Variable Application Type Unknown Policy Flag Tagged Flag VLAN ID L2 Priority DSCP Value 3 Location Identifier Location Data Format Location ID Data 556 Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) System LLDP-MED MIB Object Remote lldpXMedRemDeviceClass Local lldpXMedLocMediaPolicyAp pType Remote lldpXMedRemMediaPolicyA ppType Local lldpXMedLocMediaPolicyUn known Remote lldpXMedLocMediaPolicyUn known Local lldpXMedLocMediaPolicyTa gged Remot
29 Microsoft Network Load Balancing Network load balancing (NLB) is a clustering functionality that is implemented by Microsoft on Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 operating systems (OSs). NLB uses a distributed methodology or pattern to equally split and balance the network traffic load across a set of servers that are part of the cluster or group.
With Multicast NLB mode, the data forwards to all the servers based on the port specified using the following Layer 2 multicast command in CONFIGURATION MODE: mac-address-table static multicast vlan output-range , Limitations of the NLB Feature The following limitations apply to switches on which you configure NLB: • The NLB Unicast mode uses switch flooding to transmit all packets to all the servers that are part of the VLAN.
• Enter the ip vlan-flooding command to specify that all Layer 3 unicast routed data traffic going through a VLAN member port floods across all the member ports of that VLAN. CONFIGURATION mode ip vlan-flooding There might be some ARP table entries that are resolved through ARP packets, which had the Ethernet MAC SA different from the MAC information inside the ARP packet. This unicast data traffic flooding occurs only for those packets that use these ARP entries.
30 Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) Multicast source discovery protocol (MSDP) is supported on Dell EMC Networking OS. Protocol Overview MSDP is a Layer 3 protocol that connects IPv4 protocol-independent multicast-sparse mode (PIM-SM) domains. A domain in the context of MSDP is a contiguous set of routers operating PIM within a common boundary defined by an exterior gateway protocol, such as border gateway protocol (BGP).
RPs advertise each (S,G) in its domain in type, length, value (TLV) format. The total number of TLVs contained in the SA is indicated in the “Entry Count” field. SA messages are transmitted every 60 seconds, and immediately when a new source is detected. Figure 80.
With Anycast RP, all the RPs are configured to be MSDP peers of each other. When a source registers with one RP, an SA message is sent to the other RPs informing them that there is an active source for a particular multicast group. The result is that each RP is aware of the active sources in the area of the other RPs. If any of the RPs fail, IP routing converges and one of the RPs becomes the active RP in more than one area. New sources register with the backup RP.
Figure 81.
Figure 82.
Figure 83.
Figure 84. Configuring MSDP Enable MSDP Enable MSDP by peering RPs in different administrative domains. 1 Enable MSDP. CONFIGURATION mode ip multicast-msdp 2 Peer PIM systems in different administrative domains. CONFIGURATION mode ip msdp peer connect-source Examples of Configuring and Viewing MSDP R3(conf)#ip multicast-msdp R3(conf)#ip msdp peer 192.168.0.
R3(conf)#do show ip msdp summary Peer Addr Description Local Addr State Source SA Up/Down To view details about a peer, use the show ip msdp peer command in EXEC privilege mode. Multicast sources in remote domains are stored on the RP in the source-active cache (SA cache). The system does not create entries in the multicast routing table until there is a local receiver for the corresponding multicast group. R3#show ip msdp peer Peer Addr: 192.168.0.1 Local Addr: 192.168.0.
show ip msdp sa-limit If the total number of active sources is already larger than the limit when limiting is applied, the sources that are already in Dell EMC Networking OS are not discarded. To enforce the limit in such a situation, use the clear ip msdp sa-cache command to clear all existing entries. Clearing the Source-Active Cache To clear the source-active cache, use the following command. • Clear the SA cache of all, local, or rejected entries, or entries for a specific group.
Figure 85.
Figure 86.
Figure 87. MSDP Default Peer, Scenario 4 Specifying Source-Active Messages To specify messages, use the following command. • Specify the forwarding-peer and originating-RP from which all active sources are accepted without regard for the RPF check. CONFIGURATION mode ip msdp default-peer ip-address list If you do not specify an access list, the peer accepts all sources that peer advertises. All sources from RPs that the ACL denies are subject to the normal RPF check.
GroupAddr 229.0.50.2 229.0.50.3 229.0.50.4 SourceAddr 24.0.50.2 24.0.50.3 24.0.50.4 RPAddr 200.0.0.50 200.0.0.50 200.0.0.50 LearnedFrom 10.0.50.2 10.0.50.2 10.0.50.2 DellEMC#ip msdp sa-cache rejected-sa MSDP Rejected SA Cache 3 rejected SAs received, cache-size 32766 UpTime GroupAddr SourceAddr RPAddr 00:33:18 229.0.50.64 24.0.50.64 200.0.1.50 00:33:18 229.0.50.65 24.0.50.65 200.0.1.50 00:33:18 229.0.50.66 24.0.50.66 200.0.1.50 Expire 73 73 73 UpTime 00:13:49 00:13:49 00:13:49 LearnedFrom 10.0.50.
R1_E600(conf)#do show ip msdp sa-cache R1_E600(conf)#do show ip msdp sa-cache rejected-sa MSDP Rejected SA Cache 1 rejected SAs received, cache-size 1000 UpTime GroupAddr SourceAddr RPAddr LearnedFrom 00:02:20 239.0.0.1 10.11.4.2 192.168.0.1 local Reason Redistribute Preventing MSDP from Caching a Remote Source To prevent MSDP from caching a remote source, use the following commands. 1 OPTIONAL: Cache sources that the SA filter denies in the rejected SA cache.
Example of Verifying the System is not Advertising Local Sources In the following example, R1 stops advertising source 10.11.4.2. Because it is already in the SA cache of R3, the entry remains there until it expires. [Router 1] R1(conf)#do show run msdp ! ip multicast-msdp ip msdp peer 192.168.0.3 connect-source Loopback 0 ip msdp sa-filter out 192.168.0.3 list mylocalfilter R1(conf)#do show run acl ! ip access-list extended mylocalfilter seq 5 deny ip host 239.0.0.1 host 10.11.4.
Output (S,G) filter: none [Router 1] R1(conf)#do show ip msdp peer Peer Addr: 192.168.0.3 Local Addr: 0.0.0.0(0) Connect Source: Lo 0 State: Inactive Up/Down Time: 00:00:03 Timers: KeepAlive 30 sec, Hold time 75 sec SourceActive packet count (in/out): 0/0 SAs learned from this peer: 0 SA Filtering: Clearing Peer Statistics To clear the peer statistics, use the following command. • Reset the TCP connection to the peer and clear all peer statistics.
03:17:10 : MSDP-0: Peer 192.168.0.3, 03:17:27 : MSDP-0: Peer 192.168.0.3, Input (S,G) filter: none Output (S,G) filter: none rcvd Keepalive msg sent Source Active msg MSDP with Anycast RP Anycast RP uses MSDP with PIM-SM to allow more than one active group to use RP mapping.
Figure 88. MSDP with Anycast RP Configuring Anycast RP To configure anycast RP, use the following commands. 1 In each routing domain that has multiple RPs serving a group, create a Loopback interface on each RP serving the group with the same IP address. CONFIGURATION mode interface loopback 2 Make this address the RP for the group.
4 Peer each RP with every other RP using MSDP, specifying the unique Loopback address as the connect-source. CONFIGURATION mode ip msdp peer 5 Advertise the network of each of the unique Loopback addresses throughout the network. ROUTER OSPF mode network Reducing Source-Active Message Flooding RPs flood source-active messages to all of their peers away from the RP.
interface Loopback 1 ip address 192.168.0.11/32 no shutdown ! router ospf 1 network 10.11.2.0/24 area 0 network 10.11.1.0/24 area 0 network 10.11.3.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.0.11/32 area 0 ! ip multicast-msdp ip msdp peer 192.168.0.3 connect-source Loopback 1 ip msdp peer 192.168.0.22 connect-source Loopback 1 ip msdp mesh-group AS100 192.168.0.22 ip msdp originator-id Loopback 1! ip pim rp-address 192.168.0.1 group-address 224.0.0.
The following example shows an R3 configuration for MSDP with Anycast RP. ip multicast-routing ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.0.32/24 no shutdown interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/41/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.6.34/24 no shutdown ! interface Loopback 0 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 192.168.0.3/32 no shutdown ! router ospf 1 network 10.11.6.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.0.
interface Loopback 0 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 192.168.0.1/32 no shutdown ! router ospf 1 network 10.11.2.0/24 area 0 network 10.11.1.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.0.1/32 area 0 network 10.11.3.0/24 area 0 ! ip multicast-msdp ip msdp peer 192.168.0.3 connect-source Loopback 0 ! ip pim rp-address 192.168.0.1 group-address 224.0.0.0/4 MSDP Sample Configuration: R2 Running-Config ip multicast-routing ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.4.
ip address 10.11.6.34/24 no shutdown ! interface ManagementEthernet 1/1 ip address 10.11.80.3/24 no shutdown ! interface Loopback 0 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 192.168.0.3/32 no shutdown ! router ospf 1 network 10.11.6.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.0.3/32 area 0 redistribute static redistribute connected redistribute bgp 200 ! router bgp 200 redistribute ospf 1 neighbor 192.168.0.2 remote-as 100 neighbor 192.168.0.2 ebgp-multihop 255 neighbor 192.168.0.2 update-source Loopback 0 neighbor 192.168.0.
31 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) Multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) — specified in IEEE 802.1Q-2003 — is a rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP)-based spanning tree variation that improves per-VLAN spanning tree plus (PVST+). MSTP allows multiple spanning tree instances and allows you to map many VLANs to one spanning tree instance to reduce the total number of required instances. Protocol Overview MSTP — specified in IEEE 802.
• Enable Multiple Spanning Tree Globally • Adding and Removing Interfaces • Creating Multiple Spanning Tree Instances • Influencing MSTP Root Selection • Interoperate with Non-Dell Bridges • Changing the Region Name or Revision • Modifying Global Parameters • Modifying the Interface Parameters • Configuring an EdgePort • Flush MAC Addresses after a Topology Change • MSTP Sample Configurations • Debugging and Verifying MSTP Configurations Spanning Tree Variations The Dell EMC Networki
Related Configuration Tasks The following are the related configuration tasks for MSTP.
• spanning-tree 0 To remove an interface from the MSTP topology, use the no spanning-tree 0 command. Creating Multiple Spanning Tree Instances To create multiple spanning tree instances, use the following command. A single MSTI provides no more benefit than RSTP. To take full advantage of MSTP, create multiple MSTIs and map VLANs to them. • Create an MSTI. PROTOCOL MSTP mode msti Specify the keyword vlan then the VLANs that you want to participate in the MSTI.
Port path cost 20000, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.384 Designated root has priority 32768, address 0001.e806.953e Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0001.e809.c24a Designated port id is 128.384, designated path cost 20000 Number of transitions to forwarding state 1 BPDU (MRecords): sent 39291, received 7547 The port is not in the Edge port mode DellEMC#show spanning-tree msti 1 MSTI 1 VLANs mapped 100 Root Identifier has priority 32768, Address 0001.e806.
MSTI 1 VLAN 100 MSTI 2 VLAN 200,300 MSTI 2 bridge-priority 0 Interoperate with Non-Dell Bridges Dell EMC Networking OS supports only one MSTP region. A region is a combination of three unique qualities: • Name is a mnemonic string you assign to the region. The default region name is null. • Revision is a 2-byte number. The default revision number OS is 0. • VLAN-to-instance mapping is the placement of a VLAN in an MSTI.
NOTE: Dell EMC Networking recommends that only experienced network administrators change MSTP parameters. Poorly planned modification of MSTP parameters can negatively affect network performance. To change the MSTP parameters, use the following commands on the root bridge. 1 Change the forward-delay parameter. PROTOCOL MSTP mode forward-delay seconds The range is from 4 to 30. The default is 15 seconds. 2 Change the hello-time parameter.
Modifying the Interface Parameters You can adjust two interface parameters to increase or decrease the probability that a port becomes a forwarding port. • Port cost is a value that is based on the interface type. The greater the port cost, the less likely the port is selected to be a forwarding port. • Port priority influences the likelihood that a port is selected to be a forwarding port in case that several ports have the same port cost.
Configuring an EdgePort The EdgePort feature enables interfaces to begin forwarding traffic approximately 30 seconds sooner. In this mode, an interface forwards frames by default until it receives a BPDU that indicates that it should behave otherwise; it does not go through the Learning and Listening states. The bpduguard shutdown-on-violation option causes the interface hardware to be shut down when it receives a BPDU.
MSTP Sample Configurations The running-configurations support the topology shown in the following illustration. The configurations are from Dell EMC Networking OS systems. Figure 90. MSTP with Three VLANs Mapped to Two Spanning Tree Instances Router 1 Running-Configuration This example uses the following steps: 1 Enable MSTP globally and set the region name and revision map MSTP instances to the VLANs. 2 Assign Layer-2 interfaces to the MSTP topology.
no shutdown ! interface Vlan 200 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/21,31/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 300 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/21,31/1 no shutdown Router 2 Running-Configuration This example uses the following steps: 1 Enable MSTP globally and set the region name and revision map MSTP instances to the VLANs. 2 Assign Layer-2 interfaces to the MSTP topology. 3 Create VLANs mapped to MSTP instances tag interfaces to the VLANs.
switchport no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/31/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! (Step 3) interface Vlan 100 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 2/11/1,31/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 200 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 2/11/1,31/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 300 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 2/11/1,31/1 no shutdown Router 3 Running-Configuration This example uses the following steps: 1 Enable MSTP globally and set the region name and revision map MSTP instance
tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/5/1,1/1/5/2 no shutdown (Step 1) protocol spanning-tree mstp no disable name Tahiti revision 123 MSTI 1 VLAN 100 MSTI 2 VLAN 200,300 ! (Step 2) interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/11/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/21/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! (Step 3) interface Vlan 100 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 3/11/1,21/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 200 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 3/11/1,21/1 no shutdown ! interface
switchport protected 0 exit (Step 3) interface vlan 100 tagged 1/0/31 tagged 1/0/32 exit interface vlan 200 tagged 1/0/31 tagged 1/0/32 exit interface vlan 300 tagged 1/0/31 tagged 1/0/32 exit Debugging and Verifying MSTP Configurations To debut and verify MSTP configuration, use the following commands. • Display BPDUs. EXEC Privilege mode • debug spanning-tree mstp bpdu Display MSTP-triggered topology change messages.
protocol spanning-tree mstp name Tahiti revision 123 MSTI 1 VLAN 100 MSTI 2 VLAN 200,300 The following example shows viewing the debug log of a successful MSTP configuration. DellEMC#debug spanning-tree mstp bpdu MSTP debug bpdu is ON DellEMC# 4w0d4h : MSTP: Sending BPDU on Te 2/21/1 : ProtId: 0, Ver: 3, Bpdu Type: MSTP, Flags 0x6e CIST Root Bridge Id: 32768:0001.e806.953e, Ext Path Cost: 0 Regional Bridge Id: 32768:0001.e806.
32 Multicast Features NOTE: Multicast routing is supported on secondary IP addresses; it is not supported on IPv6. NOTE: Multicast routing is supported across default and non-default virtual routing and forwarding (VRFs).
Protocol Ethernet Address OSPF 01:00:5e:00:00:05 01:00:5e:00:00:06 RIP 01:00:5e:00:00:09 NTP 01:00:5e:00:01:01 VRRP 01:00:5e:00:00:12 PIM-SM 01:00:5e:00:00:0d • The Dell EMC Networking OS implementation of MTRACE is in accordance with IETF draft draft-fenner-traceroute-ipm. • Multicast is not supported on secondary IP addresses. • If you enable multicast routing, egress Layer 3 ACL is not applied to multicast data traffic.
• Limit the total number of multicast routes on the system. CONFIGURATION mode ip multicast-limit The range is from 1 to . The default is 4000. NOTE: The IN-L3-McastFib CAM partition stores multicast routes and is a separate hardware limit that exists per port-pipe. Any software-configured limit may supersede this hardware space limitation. The opposite is also true, the CAM partition might not be exhausted at the time the system-wide route limit is reached using the ip multicast-limit command.
Figure 91. Preventing a Host from Joining a Group The following table lists the location and description shown in the previous illustration. Table 65. Preventing a Host from Joining a Group — Description Location Description 1/21/1 • • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.1/24 no shutdown 1/31/1 • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.13.
Location Description • no shutdown 2/1/1 • • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.1.1/24 no shutdown 2/11/1 • • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.2/24 no shutdown 2/31/1 • • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.23.1/24 no shutdown 3/1/1 • • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.5.
Preventing a PIM Router from Forming an Adjacency To prevent a router from participating in PIM (for example, to configure stub multicast routing), use the following command. • Prevent a router from participating in PIM. INTERFACE mode ip pim neighbor-filter Setting a Threshold for Switching to the SPT The functionality to specify a threshold for switchover to the shortest path trees (SPTs) is available on the system.
Figure 92. Preventing a Source from Transmitting to a Group The following table lists the location and description shown in the previous illustration. Table 67. Preventing a Source from Transmitting to a Group — Description Location Description 1/21/1 • • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.1/24 no shutdown 1/31/1 • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/31/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.13.
Location Description • no shutdown 2/1/1 • • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.1.1/24 no shutdown 2/11/1 • • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/11/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.2/24 no shutdown 2/31/1 • • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/31 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.23.1/24 no shutdown 3/1/1 • • • • Interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.5.
Preventing a PIM Router from Processing a Join To permit or deny PIM Join/Prune messages on an interface using an extended IP access list, use the following command. NOTE: Dell EMC Networking recommends not using the ip pim join-filter command on an interface between a source and the RP router. Using this command in this scenario could cause problems with the PIM-SM source registration process resulting in excessive traffic being sent to the CPU of both the RP and PIM DR of the source.
Important Points to Remember • Destination address of the mtrace query message can be either a unicast or a multicast address. NOTE: When you use mtrace to trace a specific multicast group, the query is sent with the group's address as the destination. Retries of the query use the unicast address of the receiver. • When you issue an mtrace without specifying a group address (weak mtrace), the destination address is considered as the unicast address of the receiver.
– Forwarding code — error code as present in the response blocks – Source Network/Mask — source mask Example of the mtrace Command to View the Network Path The following is an example of tracing a multicast route. R1>mtrace 103.103.103.3 1.1.1.1 226.0.0.3 Type Ctrl-C to abort. Querying reverse path for source 103.103.103.3 to destination 1.1.1.1 via group 226.0.0.
The response data block filled in by the last-hop router contains a Forwarding code field. Forwarding code can be added at any node and is not restricted to the last hop router. This field is used to record error codes before forwarding the response to the next neighbor in the path towards the source. In a response data packet, the following error codes are supported: Table 69.
Scenario Output -4 103.103.103.3 --> Source ----------------------------------------------------------------- You can issue the mtrace command specifying the source multicast tree and multicast group without specifying the destination. Mtrace traces the complete path traversing through the multicast group to reach the source. The output displays the destination and the first hop (-1) as 0 to indicate any PIM enabled interface on the node. R1>mtrace 103.103.103.3 1.1.1.1 226.0.0.3 Type Ctrl-C to abort.
Scenario Output 103.103.103.0/24 -3 2.2.2.1 PIM 103.103.103.0/24 -4 103.103.103.3 --> Source ----------------------------------------------------------------- You can issue the mtrace command by providing the source and multicast information. However, if the multicast group is a shared group (*,G), then mtrace traces the path of the shared tree until it reaches the RP. The source mask field reflects the shared tree that is being used to trace the path.
Scenario Output -3 10.10.10.1 PIM No route default ----------------------------------------------------------------- If a multicast tree is not formed due to a configuration issue (for example, PIM is not enabled on one of the interfaces on the path), you can invoke a weak mtrace to identify the location in the network where the error has originated. R1>mtrace 6.6.6.6 4.4.4.5 Type Ctrl-C to abort.
Scenario Output -3 2.2.2.1 PIM 99.99.0.0/16 -4 * * * * ----------------------------------------------------------------- If there is no response for mtrace even after switching to expanded hop search, the command displays an error message. R1>mtrace 99.99.99.99 1.1.1.1 Type Ctrl-C to abort. While traversing the path from source to destination, if the mtrace packet exhausts the maximum buffer size of the packet, then NO SPACE error is displayed in the output.
Scenario Output scenario, a corresponding error message is displayed. ---------------------------------------------------------------|Hop| OIF IP |Proto| Forwarding Code |Source Network/ Mask| ---------------------------------------------------------------0 4.4.4.5 --> Destination -1 4.4.4.4 PIM 6.6.6.0/24 -2 20.20.20.2 PIM 6.6.6.0/24 -3 10.10.10.1 PIM Wrong interface 6.6.6.0/24 ----------------------------------------------------------------R1>mtrace 6.6.6.6 4.4.4.5 Type Ctrl-C to abort.
33 Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Dell Networking OS Supports Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol. Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is a Layer 3 protocol that IPv6 routers use to learn of the multicast receivers that are directly connected to them and the groups in which the receivers are interested. Multicast routing protocols (like PIM) use the information learned from MLD to route multicast traffic to all interested receivers.
Joining a Multicast Group The Querier periodically sends a General Query to the all-nodes multicast address FF02::1. A host that wants to join a multicast group responds to the general query with a report that contains the group address; the report is also addressed to the group (in the IPv6 Destination Address field). To avoid duplicate reporting, any host that hears a report from another host for the same group in which it itself is interested cancels its report for that group.
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [1] * | | * * | | +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [2] * | | * * | | +. -+ . . . . . . +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [N] * | | * * | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Version 2 multicast listener reports are sent by IP nodes to report (to neighboring routers) the current multicast listening state, or changes in the multicast listening state, of their interfaces.
| | * Multicast Address * | | * * | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [1] * | | * * | | +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [2] * | | * * | | +-+ . . . . . . . . . +-+ | | * * | | * Source Address [N] * | | * * | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | . . . Auxiliary Data . . .
ipv6 mld query-interval Reducing Host Response Burstiness General Queries contain a Query Response Interval value, which is the amount of time the host has to respond to a general query. Hosts set a timer to a random number less than the Query Response Interval upon receiving a general query, and send a report when the timer expires. Increasing this value spreads host responses over a greater period of time, and so reduces response burstiness.
ipv6 mld last-member-query-interval Displaying MLD groups table Display MLD groups. Group information can be filtered. To display MLD groups, use the following command: EXEC Privilege show ipv6 mld groups Dell#show ipv6 mld groups Total Number of Groups: 1 MLD Connected Group Membership Group Address Interface Mode Ff08::12 Vlan 10 MLDv2 Uptime 00:00:12 Expires 00:02:05 Last Reporter 1::2 Displaying MLD Interfaces Display MLD interfaces.
ipv6 mld snooping enable Disable MLD Snooping When MLD is enabled globally, it is by default enabled on all the VLANs. To disable MLD snooping on a VLAN, use the following command: INTERFACE VLAN Mode no ipv6 mld snooping NOTE: Under the default configuration, there is no need to configure ipv6 mld snooping for any VLAN. Configure the switch as a querier Hosts that do not support unsolicited reporting wait for a general query before sending a membership report.
Enable Snooping Explicit Tracking The switch can be a querier, and therefore also has an option of updating the group table through explicit-tracking. Whether the switch is the querier or not, if snooping is enabled, the switch tracks all the MLD joins. It has a separate explicit tracking table which contains group, source, interface, VLAN, and reporter details.
34 Object Tracking IPv4 or IPv6 object tracking is available on Dell EMC Networking OS. Object tracking allows the Dell EMC Networking OS client processes, such as virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP), to monitor tracked objects (for example, interface or link status) and take appropriate action when the state of an object changes. NOTE: In Dell EMC Networking OS release version 8.4.1.0, object tracking is supported only on VRRP.
Figure 93. Object Tracking Example When you configure a tracked object, such as an IPv4/IPv6 a route or interface, you specify an object number to identify the object. Optionally, you can also specify: • UP and DOWN thresholds used to report changes in a route metric. • A time delay before changes in a tracked object’s state are reported to a client. Track Layer 2 Interfaces You can create an object to track the line-protocol state of a Layer 2 interface.
Track IPv4 and IPv6 Routes You can create an object that tracks an IPv4 or IPv6 route entry in the routing table. Specify a tracked route by its IPv4 or IPv6 address and prefix-length. Optionally specify a tracked route by a virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) instance name if the route to be tracked is part of a VRF. The next-hop address is not part of the definition of the tracked object.
Set Tracking Delays You can configure an optional UP and/or DOWN timer for each tracked object to set the time delay before a change in the state of a tracked object is communicated to clients. The configured time delay starts when the state changes from UP to DOWN or the opposite way. If the state of an object changes back to its former UP/DOWN state before the timer expires, the timer is cancelled and the client is not notified.
To configure object tracking on the status of a Layer 2 interface, use the following commands. 1 Configure object tracking on the line-protocol state of a Layer 2 interface. CONFIGURATION mode track object-id interface interface line-protocol Valid object IDs are from 1 to 500. 2 (Optional) Configure the time delay used before communicating a change in the status of a tracked interface. OBJECT TRACKING mode delay {[up seconds] [down seconds]} Valid delay times are from 0 to 180 seconds. The default is 0.
• The Layer 3 status of an IPv4 interface goes DOWN when its Layer 2 status goes down (for a Layer 3 VLAN, all VLAN ports must be down) or the IP address is removed from the routing table. For an IPv6 interface, a routing object only tracks the UP/DOWN status of the specified IPv6 interface (the track interface ipv6routing command). • The status of an IPv6 interface is UP only if the Layer 2 status of the interface is UP and the interface has a valid IPv6 address.
Track 103 Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/11/1 ipv6 routing Description: Austin access point Track an IPv4/IPv6 Route You can create an object that tracks the reachability or metric of an IPv4 or IPv6 route. You specify the route to be tracked by its address and prefix-length values. Optionally, for an IPv4 route, you can enter a VRF instance name if the route is part of a VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) table. The next-hop address is not part of the definition of a tracked IPv4/ IPv6 route.
Tracking Route Reachability Use the following commands to configure object tracking on the reachability of an IPv4 or IPv6 route. To remove object tracking, use the no track object-id command. 1 Configure object tracking on the reachability of an IPv4 or IPv6 route. CONFIGURATION mode track object-id {ip route ip-address/prefix-len | ipv6 route ipv6-address/prefix-len} reachability [vrf vrf-name] Valid object IDs are from 1 to 500.
The following example configures object tracking on the reachability of an IPv6 route: DellEMC(conf)#track 105 ipv6 route 1234::/64 reachability DellEMC(conf-track-105)#delay down 5 DellEMC(conf-track-105)#description Headquarters DellEMC(conf-track-105)#end DellEMC#show track 105 Track 105 IPv6 route 1234::/64 reachability Description: Headquarters Reachability is Down (route not in route table) 2 changes, last change 00:03:03 Tracking a Metric Threshold Use the following commands to configure object trac
threshold metric {[up number] [down number]} The default UP threshold is 254. The routing state is UP if the scaled route metric is less than or equal to the UP threshold. The defult DOWN threshold is 255. The routing state is DOWN if the scaled route metric is greater than or equal to the DOWN threshold. 6 (Optional) Display the tracking configuration.
First-hop interface is TenGigabitEthernet 1/2/1 Tracked by: VRRP TenGigabitEthernet 2/30/1 IPv6 VRID 1 Track 3 IPv6 route 2050::/64 reachability Reachability is Up (STATIC) 5 changes, last change 00:02:16 First-hop interface is TenGigabitEthernet 1/2/1 Tracked by: VRRP TenGigabitEthernet 2/30/1 IPv6 VRID 1 Track 4 Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/4/1 ip routing IP routing is Up 3 changes, last change 00:03:30 Tracked by: Example of the show track brief Command Router# show track brief ResId State 1 Resource
35 Open Shortest Path First (OSPFv2 and OSPFv3) Open shortest path first (OSPFv2 for IPv4) and OSPF version 3 (OSPF for IPv6) are supported on Dell EMC Networking OS. This chapter provides a general description of OSPFv2 (OSPF for IPv4) and OSPFv3 (OSPF for IPv6) as supported in the Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS). NOTE: The fundamental mechanisms of OSPF (flooding, DR election, area support, SPF calculations, and so on) are the same between OSPFv2 and OSPFv3.
Areas allow you to further organize your routers within in the AS. One or more areas are required within the AS. Areas are valuable in that they allow sub-networks to "hide" within the AS, thus minimizing the size of the routing tables on all routers. An area within the AS may not see the details of another area’s topology. AS areas are known by their area number or the router’s IP address. Figure 94. Autonomous System Areas Area Types The backbone of the network is Area 0. It is also called Area 0.0.0.
• A not-so-stubby area (NSSA) can import AS external route information and send it to the backbone. It cannot receive external AS information from the backbone or other areas. • Totally stubby areas are referred to as no summary areas in the Dell EMC Networking OS. Networks and Neighbors As a link-state protocol, OSPF sends routing information to other OSPF routers concerning the state of the links between them. The state (up or down) of those links is important.
Figure 95. OSPF Routing Examples Backbone Router (BR) A backbone router (BR) is part of the OSPF Backbone, Area 0. This includes all ABRs. It can also include any routers that connect only to the backbone and another ABR, but are only part of Area 0, such as Router I in the previous example. Area Border Router (ABR) Within an AS, an area border router (ABR) connects one or more areas to the backbone.
An ABR can connect to many areas in an AS, and is considered a member of each area it connects to. Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR) The autonomous system border area router (ASBR) connects to more than one AS and exchanges information with the routers in other ASs. Generally, the ASBR connects to a non-interior gate protocol (IGP) such as BGP or uses static routes.
• Type 7: External LSA — Routers in an NSSA do not receive external LSAs from ABRs, but are allowed to send external routing information for redistribution. They use Type 7 LSAs to tell the ABRs about these external routes, which the ABR then translates to Type 5 external LSAs and floods as normal to the rest of the OSPF network. • Type 8: Link LSA (OSPFv3) — This LSA carries the IPv6 address information of the local links.
Figure 96. Priority and Cost Examples OSPF with Dell EMC Networking OS The Dell EMC Networking OS supports up to 128,000 OSPF routes for OSPFv2. Dell EMC Networking OS version 9.4(0.0) and later support only one OSPFv2 process per VRF. Dell EMC Networking OS version 9.7(0.0) and later support OSPFv3 in VRF. Also, on OSPFv3, Dell EMC Networking OS supports only one OSPFv3 process per VRF. OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 can co-exist but you must configure them individually.
Graceful Restart When a router goes down without a graceful restart, there is a possibility for loss of access to parts of the network due to ongoing network topology changes. Additionally, LSA flooding and reconvergence can cause substantial delays. It is, therefore, desirable that the network maintains a stable topology if it is possible for data flow to continue uninterrupted.
Fast Convergence (OSPFv2, IPv4 Only) Fast convergence allows you to define the speeds at which LSAs are originated and accepted, and reduce OSPFv2 end-to-end convergence time. Dell EMC Networking OS allows you to accept and originate LSAs as soon as they are available to speed up route information propagation. NOTE: The faster the convergence, the more frequent the route calculations and updates. This impacts CPU utilization and may impact adjacency stability in larger topologies.
ACKs 2 (shown in bold) is printed only for ACK packets. The following example shows no change in the updated packets (shown in bold). ACKs 2 (shown in bold) is printed only for ACK packets. 00:10:41 : OSPF(1000:00): Rcv. v:2 t:5(LSAck) l:64 Acks 2 rid:2.2.2.2 aid:1500 chk:0xdbee aut:0 auk: keyid:0 from:Vl 1000 LSType:Type-5 AS External id:160.1.1.0 adv:6.1.0.0 seq:0x8000000c LSType:Type-5 AS External id:160.1.2.0 adv:6.1.0.0 seq:0x8000000c 00:10:41 : OSPF(1000:00): Rcv. v:2 t:5(LSAck) l:64 Acks 2 rid:2.2.2.
Examples of Setting and Viewing a Dead Interval In the following example, the dead interval is set at 4x the hello interval (shown in bold). DellEMC(conf)#int tengigabitethernet 2/2/1 DellEMC(conf-if-te-2/2/1)#ip ospf hello-interval 20 DellEMC(conf-if-te-2/2/1)#ip ospf dead-interval 80 DellEMC(conf-if-te-2/2/1)# In the following example, the dead interval is set at 4x the hello interval (shown in bold).
• Troubleshooting OSPFv2 1 Configure a physical interface. Assign an IP address, physical or Loopback, to the interface to enable Layer 3 routing. 2 Enable OSPF globally. Assign network area and neighbors. 3 Add interfaces or configure other attributes. 4 Set the time interval between when the switch receives a topology change and starts a shortest path first (SPF) calculation.
The OSPF process ID is the identifying number assigned to the OSPF process. The router ID is the IP address associated with the OSPF process. After the OSPF process and the VRF are tied together, the OSPF process ID cannot be used again in the system.
• Enable OSPFv2 on an interface and assign a network address range to a specific OSPF area. CONFIG-ROUTER-OSPF-id mode network ip-address mask area area-id The IP Address Format is A.B.C.D/M. The area ID range is from 0 to 65535 or A.B.C.D/M. Enable OSPFv2 on Interfaces Enable and configure OSPFv2 on each interface (configure for Layer 3 protocol), and not shutdown. You can also assign OSPFv2 to a Loopback interface as a virtual interface.
Designated Router (ID) 13.1.1.1, Interface address 10.2.3.2 Backup Designated Router (ID) 11.1.2.1, Interface address 10.2.3.1 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello due in 00:00:05 Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 Adjacent with neighbor 13.1.1.1 (Designated Router) DellEMC> Loopback interfaces also help the OSPF process.
area area-id stub [no-summary] Use the keywords no-summary to prevent transmission into the area of summary ASBR LSAs. Area ID is the number or IP address assigned when creating the area. Example of the show ip ospf database database-summary Command To view which LSAs are transmitted, use the show ip ospf database process-id database-summary command in EXEC Privilege mode. DellEMC#show ip ospf 34 database database-summary OSPF Router with ID (10.1.2.
Internet Address 10.1.2.100/24, Area 1.1.1.1 Process ID 34, Router ID 10.1.2.100, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DOWN, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 10.1.2.100, Interface address 0.0.0.0 Backup Designated Router (ID) 0.0.0.0, Interface address 0.0.0.0 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello due in 13:39:46 Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0 TenGigabitEthernet 2/1/1 is up, line protocol is down Internet Address 10.1.3.
The following examples shows how to disable fast-convergence. DellEMC#(conf-router_ospf-1)#no fast-converge DellEMC#(conf-router_ospf-1)#ex DellEMC#(conf)#ex DellEMC##show ip ospf 1 Routing Process ospf 1 with ID 192.168.67.
• Change the priority of the interface, which is used to determine the Designated Router for the OSPF broadcast network. CONFIG-INTERFACE mode ip ospf priority number • – number: the range is from 0 to 255 (the default is 1). Change the retransmission interval between LSAs. CONFIG-INTERFACE mode ip ospf retransmit-interval seconds – seconds: the range is from 1 to 65535 (the default is 5 seconds). • The retransmit interval must be the same on all routers in the OSPF network.
• All neighboring routers must share password to exchange OSPF information. Set the authentication change wait time in seconds between 0 and 300 for the interface. CONFIG-INTERFACE mode ip ospf auth-change-wait-time seconds This setting is the amount of time OSPF has available to change its interface authentication type. When you configure the auth-change-wait-time, OSPF sends out only the old authentication scheme until the wait timer expires.
graceful-restart role [helper-only | restart-only] Dell EMC Networking OS supports the following options: • Helper-only: the OSPFv2 router supports graceful-restart only as a helper router. • Restart-only: the OSPFv2 router supports graceful-restart only during unplanned restarts. By default, OSPFv2 supports both restarting and helper roles. Selecting one or the other role restricts OSPFv2 to the single selected role.
Applying Prefix Lists To apply prefix lists to incoming or outgoing OSPF routes, use the following commands. • Apply a configured prefix list to incoming OSPF routes. CONFIG-ROUTEROSPF-id mode distribute-list prefix-list-name in [interface] • Assign a configured prefix list to outgoing OSPF routes. CONFIG-ROUTEROSPF-id distribute-list prefix-list-name out [connected | isis | rip | static] Redistributing Routes You can add routes from other routing instances or protocols to the OSPF process.
• Have you enabled OSPF globally? • Is the OSPF process active on the interface? • Are adjacencies established correctly? • Are the interfaces configured for Layer 3 correctly? • Is the router in the correct area type? • Have the routes been included in the OSPF database? • Have the OSPF routes been included in the routing table (not just the OSPF database)? Some useful troubleshooting commands are: • show interfaces • show protocols • debug IP OSPF events and/or packets • show neighbor
Example of Viewing OSPF Configuration DellEMC#show run ospf ! router ospf 4 router-id 4.4.4.4 network 4.4.4.0/28 area 1 ! ipv6 router ospf 999 default-information originate always router-id 10.10.10.10 DellEMC# Sample Configurations for OSPFv2 The following configurations are examples for enabling OSPFv2. These examples are not comprehensive directions. They are intended to give you some guidance with typical configurations. You can copy and paste from these examples to your CLI.
interface Loopback 10 ip address 192.168.100.100/24 no shutdown OSPF Area 0 — Te 3/1 and 3/2 router ospf 33333 network 192.168.100.0/24 area 0 network 10.0.13.0/24 area 0 network 10.0.23.0/24 area 0 ! interface Loopback 30 ip address 192.168.100.100/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 ip address 10.1.13.3/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/2/1 ip address 10.2.13.3/24 no shutdown OSPF Area 0 — Te 2/1 and 2/2 router ospf 22222 network 192.168.100.0/24 area 0 network 10.2.21.
3 No-summary – To act as totally stubby area — NSSA area can be converted intoa totally stubby area to reduce the number of Type-3 LSAs. Once it is configured, NSSA ABR will inject Type-3 LSAs into the NSSA area for default routes. The remaining Type-3 LSAs are not allowed inside this area. Configuration Task List for OSPFv3 (OSPF for IPv6) This section describes the configuration tasks for Open Shortest Path First version 3 (OSPF for IPv6) on the switch.
Assigning IPv6 Addresses on an Interface To assign IPv6 addresses to an interface, use the following commands. 1 Assign an IPv6 address to the interface. CONF-INT-type slot/port mode ipv6 address ipv6 address IPv6 addresses are normally written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits; separate each group by a colon (:). The format is A:B:C::F/128. 2 Bring up the interface.
– number: the IPv4 address. The format is A.B.C.D. NOTE: Enter the router-id for an OSPFv3 router as an IPv4 IP address. • Disable OSPF. CONFIGURATION mode no ipv6 router ospf process-id • Reset the OSPFv3 process. EXEC Privilege mode clear ipv6 ospf process Assigning OSPFv3 Process ID and Router ID to a VRF To assign, disable, or reset OSPFv3 on a non-default VRF, use the following commands. • Enable the OSPFv3 process on a non-default VRF and enter OSPFv3 mode.
– Area ID: a number or IP address assigned when creating the area. You can represent the area ID as a number from 0 to 65536 if you assign a dotted decimal format rather than an IP address. Configuring Passive-Interface To suppress the interface’s participation on an OSPFv3 interface, use the following command. This command stops the router from sending updates on that interface. • Specify whether some or all some of the interfaces are passive.
Configuring a Default Route To generate a default external route into the OSPFv3 routing domain, configure the following parameters. To specify the information for the default route, use the following command. • Specify the information for the default route.
When you enable the helper-reject role on an interface using the ipv6 ospf graceful-restart helper-reject command, you reconfigure OSPFv3 graceful restart to function in a restarting-only role. OSPFv3 does not participate in the graceful restart of a neighbor. NOTE: Enter the ipv6 ospf graceful-restart helper-reject command in Interface configuration mode. • Enable OSPFv3 graceful restart globally by setting the grace period (in seconds).
router-id 200.1.1.1 log-adjacency-changes graceful-restart grace-period 180 network 20.1.1.0/24 area 0 network 30.1.1.0/24 area 0 ! ipv6 router ospf 1 log-adjacency-changes graceful-restart grace-period 180 The following example shows the show ipv6 ospf database database-summary command. DellEMC#show ipv6 ospf database database-summary ! OSPFv3 Router with ID (200.1.1.
IPsec is a set of protocols developed by the internet engineering task force (IETF) to support secure exchange of packets at the IP layer. IPsec supports two encryption modes: transport and tunnel. • Transport mode — encrypts only the data portion (payload) of each packet, but leaves the header untouched. • Tunnel mode — is more secure and encrypts both the header and payload. On the receiving side, an IPsec-compliant device decrypts each packet.
– Both encryption and authentication are used. – IPsec security associations (SAs) are supported only in Transport mode (Tunnel mode is not supported). – ESP with null encryption is supported for authenticating only OSPFv3 protocol headers. – ESP with non-null encryption is supported for full confidentiality. – 3DES, DES, AES-CBC, and NULL encryption algorithms are supported; encrypted and unencrypted keys are supported.
Configuring IPsec Encryption on an Interface To configure, remove, or display IPsec encryption on an interface, use the following commands. Prerequisite: Before you enable IPsec encryption on an OSPFv3 interface, first enable IPv6 unicast routing globally, configure an IPv6 address and enable OSPFv3 on the interface, and assign it to an area (refer to Configuration Task List for OSPFv3 (OSPF for IPv6)).
The configuration of IPSec authentication on an interface-level takes precedence over an area-level configuration. If you remove an interface configuration, an area authentication policy that has been configured is applied to the interface. • Enable IPSec authentication for OSPFv3 packets in an area. CONF-IPV6-ROUTER-OSPF mode area-id authentication ipsec spi number {MD5 | SHA1} [key-encryption-type] key – area area-id: specifies the area for which OSPFv3 traffic is to be authenticated.
– authentication-algorithm: specifies the authentication algorithm to use for encryption. The valid values are MD5 or SHA1. – key: specifies the text string used in authentication. All neighboring OSPFv3 routers must share key to exchange information. For MD5 authentication, the key must be 32 hex digits (non-encrypted) or 64 hex digits (encrypted). For SHA-1 authentication, the key must be 40 hex digits (non-encrypted) or 80 hex digits (encrypted).
Policy name Policy refcount Inbound AH SPI Outbound AH SPI Inbound AH Key Outbound AH Key Transform set : : : : : : : OSPFv3-1-500 2 500 (0x1F4) 500 (0x1F4) bbdd96e6eb4828e2e27bc3f9ff541e43faa759c9ef5706ba8ed8bb5efe91e97e bbdd96e6eb4828e2e27bc3f9ff541e43faa759c9ef5706ba8ed8bb5efe91e97e ah-md5-hmac Crypto IPSec client security policy data Policy name : OSPFv3-0-501 Policy refcount : 1 Inbound ESP SPI : 501 (0x1F5) Outbound ESP SPI : 501 (0x1F5) Inbound ESP Auth Key : bbdd96e6eb4828e2e27bc3f9ff541e43faa759
Troubleshooting OSPFv3 The system provides several tools to troubleshoot OSPFv3 operation on the switch. This section describes typical, OSPFv3 troubleshooting scenarios. NOTE: The following troubleshooting section is meant to be a comprehensive list, but only to provide some examples of typical troubleshooting checks.
– For a port channel interface, enter the keywords port-channel then a number. – For a VLAN interface, enter the keyword vlan then a number from 1 to 4094.
36 Policy-based Routing (PBR) Policy-based routing (PBR) allows a switch to make routing decisions based on policies applied to an interface. Overview When a router receives a packet, the router decides where to forward the packet based on the destination address in the packet, which is used to look up an entry in a routing table. However, in some cases, there may be a need to forward the packet based on other criteria: size, source, protocol type, destination, and so on.
• Destination port • TCP Flags After you apply a redirect-list to an interface, all traffic passing through it is subjected to the rules defined in the redirect-list. Traffic is forwarded based on the following: • Next-hop addresses are verified. If the specified next hop is reachable, traffic is forwarded to the specified next-hop. • If the specified next-hops are not reachable, the normal routing table is used to forward the traffic.
• Apply a Redirect-list to an Interface using a Redirect-group PBR Exceptions (Permit) To create an exception to a redirect list, use thepermit command. Exceptions are used when a forwarding decision should be based on the routing table rather than a routing policy. The Dell EMC Networking OS assigns the first available sequence number to a rule configured without a sequence number and inserts the rule into the PBR CAM region next to the existing entries.
• number is the number in sequence to initiate this rule • ip-address is the Forwarding router’s address • tunnel is used to configure the tunnel settings • tunnel-id is used to redirect the traffic • track is used to track the object-id • track is to enable the tracking • FORMAT: A.B.C.
You can apply multiple rules to a single redirect-list. The rules are applied in ascending order, starting with the rule that has the lowest sequence number in a redirect-list displays the correct method for applying multiple rules to one list. Example: Creating Multiple Rules for a Redirect-List DellEMC(conf)#ip redirect-list test DellEMC(conf-redirect-list)#seq 10 redirect 10.1.1.2 ip 20.1.1.0/24 any DellEMC(conf-redirect-list)#seq 15 redirect 10.1.1.3 ip 20.1.1.
Example: Applying a Redirect-list to an Interface DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#ip redirect-group xyz Example: Applying a Redirect-list to an Interface DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#ip redirect-group DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#ip redirect-group DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 no ip address ip redirect-group test ip redirect-group xyz shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#ip redirect-group DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#ip redirect-group test xyz test xy
[up], Next-hop reachable (via Po 7) [up], Next-hop reachable (via Te 1/18/1) [up], Next-hop reachable (via Te 1/19/1) , Track 200 , Track 200 , Track 200 Use the show ip redirect-list (without the list name) to display all the redirect-lists configured on the device. DellEMC#show ip redirect-list IP redirect-list rcl0: Defined as: seq 5 permit ip 200.200.200.200 200.200.200.200 199.199.199.199 199.199.199.199 seq 10 redirect 1.1.1.2 tcp 234.224.234.234 255.234.234.234 222.222.222.
Create the Redirect-List GOLD EDGE_ROUTER(conf-if-Te-2/23/1)#ip redirect-list GOLD EDGE_ROUTER(conf-redirect-list)#description Route GOLD traffic to ISP_GOLD. EDGE_ROUTER(conf-redirect-list)#direct 10.99.99.254 ip 192.168.1.0/24 any EDGE_ROUTER(conf-redirect-list)#redirect 10.99.99.254 ip 192.168.2.0/24 any EDGE_ROUTER(conf-redirect-list)# seq 15 permit ip any any EDGE_ROUTER(conf-redirect-list)#show config ! ip redirect-list GOLD description Route GOLD traffic to ISP_GOLD. seq 5 redirect 10.99.99.
View Redirect-List GOLD EDGE_ROUTER#show ip redirect-list IP redirect-list GOLD: Defined as: seq 5 redirect 10.99.99.254 ip 192.168.1.0/24 any, Next-hop reachable (via Te 3/23/1), ARP resolved seq 10 redirect 10.99.99.254 ip 192.168.2.
seq 15 redirect 42.1.1.2 track 3 udp 155.55.0.0/16 host 144.144.144.144, Track 3 [up], Nexthop reachable (via Vl 20) seq 20 redirect 42.1.1.2 track 3 udp any host 144.144.144.144, Track 3 [up], Next-hop reachable (via Vl 20) seq 25 redirect 43.1.1.2 track 4 ip host 7.7.7.7 host 144.144.144.
Apply the Redirect Rule to an Interface: DellEMC#configure terminal DellEMC(conf)#interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/28 DellEMC(conf-if-te-2/28)#ip redirect-group explicit_tunnel DellEMC(conf-if-te-2/28)#exit DellEMC(conf)#end Verify the Applied Redirect Rules: DellEMC#show ip redirect-list explicit_tunnel IP redirect-list explicit_tunnel: Defined as: seq 5 redirect tunnel 1 track 1 tcp 155.55.2.0/24 222.22.2.
37 PIM Sparse-Mode (PIM-SM) Protocol-independent multicast sparse-mode (PIM-SM) is a multicast protocol that forwards multicast traffic to a subnet only after a request using a PIM Join message; this behavior is the opposite of PIM-Dense mode, which forwards multicast traffic to all subnets until a request to stop. Implementation Information The following information is necessary for implementing PIM-SM.
Refuse Multicast Traffic A host requesting to leave a multicast group sends an IGMP Leave message to the last-hop DR. If the host is the only remaining receiver for that group on the subnet, the last-hop DR is responsible for sending a PIM Prune message up the RPT to prune its branch to the RP. 1 After receiving an IGMP Leave message, the gateway removes the interface on which it is received from the outgoing interface list of the (*,G) entry.
{ip | ipv6} multicast-routing [vrf vrf-name] Related Configuration Tasks The following are related PIM-SM configuration tasks. • Configuring S,G Expiry Timers • Configuring a Static Rendezvous Point • Configuring a Designated Router • Creating Multicast Boundaries and Domains Enable PIM-SM You must enable PIM-SM on each participating interface. 1 Enable IPv4 or IPv6 multicast routing on the system. CONFIGURATION mode {ip | ipv6} multicast-routing [vrf vrf-name] 2 Enable PIM-Sparse mode.
To display PIM neighbors for each interface, use the show {ip | ipv6} pim neighbor [detail] command EXEC Privilege mode. Following is an example of show ip pim neighbor command output: DellEMC#show Neighbor Address 127.87.5.5 127.87.3.5 127.87.50.
FortyGigE 1/11/1 FortyGigE 1/12/1 FortyGigE 1/13/1 Configuring S,G Expiry Timers You can configure a global expiry time (for all [S,G] entries). By default, S, G entries expire in 210 seconds. When you create, delete, or update an expiry time, the changes are applied when the keep alive timer refreshes. To configure a global expiry time, use the following command. Enable global expiry timer for S, G entries.
! ipv6 pim rp-address 2111:dddd:0eee::22/64 group-address 2111:dddd:0eee::22/128 Overriding Bootstrap Router Updates PIM-SM routers must know the address of the RP for each group for which they have (*,G) entry. This address is obtained automatically through the bootstrap router (BSR) mechanism or a static RP configuration. Use the following command if you have configured a static RP for a group.
• Assign a DR priority value. INTERFACE mode {ip | ipv6} pim dr-priority priority-value • Change the interval at which a router sends hello messages. INTERFACE mode • {ip | ipv6} pim query-interval seconds Display the current value of these parameter.
DR : this router Fo 1/11/1 v2/S 0 30 1 Address : fe80::201:e8ff:fe02:1417 DR : this router Dell# Creating Multicast Boundaries and Domains A PIM domain is a contiguous set of routers that all implement PIM and are configured to operate within a common boundary defined by PIM multicast border routers (PMBRs). PMBRs connect each PIM domain to the rest of the Internet. Create multicast boundaries and domains by filtering inbound and outbound bootstrap router (BSR) messages per interface.
38 PIM Source-Specific Mode (PIM-SSM) PIM source-specific mode (PIM-SSM) is a multicast protocol that forwards multicast traffic from a single source to a subnet. In the other versions of protocol independent multicast (PIM), a receiver subscribes to a group only. The receiver receives traffic not just from the source in which it is interested but from all sources sending to that group.
Configure PIM-SSM Configuring PIM-SSM is a two-step process. 1 Configure PIM-SSM. 2 Enable PIM-SSM for a range of addresses. Related Configuration Tasks • Use PIM-SSM with IGMP Version 2 Hosts Enabling PIM-SSM To enable PIM-SSM, follow these steps. 1 Create an ACL that uses permit rules to specify what range of addresses should use SSM. CONFIGURATION mode ip access-list standard name 2 Enter the ip pim ssm-range command and specify the ACL you created.
To display the source to which a group is mapped, use the show ip igmp ssm-map [group] command. If you use the group option, the command displays the group-to-source mapping even if the group is not currently in the IGMP group table. If you do not specify the group option, the display is a list of groups currently in the IGMP group table that has a group-to-source mapping. To display the list of sources mapped to a group currently in the IGMP group table, use the show ip igmp groups group detail command.
Electing an RP using the BSR Mechanism Every PIM router within a domain must map a particular multicast group address to the same RP. The group-to-RP mapping may be statically or dynamically configured. RFC 5059 specifies a dynamic, self-configuring method called the Bootstrap Router (BSR) mechanism, by which an RP is elected from a pool of RP candidates (C-RPs). Some routers within the domain are configured to be C-RPs.
ip pim [vrf vrf-name] rp-Candidate interface [priority] [acl-name] The specified acl-list is associated to the rp-candidate. NOTE: You can create the ACL list of multicast prefix using the ip access-list standard command.
39 Port Monitoring Port monitoring (also referred to as mirroring ) allows you to monitor ingress and/or egress traffic on specified ports. The mirrored traffic can be sent to a port to which a network analyzer is connected to inspect or troubleshoot the traffic. Mirroring is used for monitoring Ingress or Egress or both Ingress and Egress traffic on a specific port(s). This mirrored traffic can be sent to a port where a network sniffer can connect and monitor the traffic.
• • Source port (MD) can be a VLAN, where the VLAN traffic received on that port pipe where its members are present is monitored Single MD can be monitored on max. of 4 MG ports. Port Monitoring Port monitoring is supported on both physical and logical interfaces, such as VLAN and port-channel interfaces. The source port (MD) with monitored traffic and the destination ports (MG) to which an analyzer can be attached must be on the same switch.
Layer 3 VLAN, the frames are tagged with the respective Layer 3 VLAN ID. For example, in the configuration source TenGig 1/6/1 destination TeGig 1/6/2 direction tx, if the MD port TenGig 1/6/1 is an untagged member of any VLAN, all monitored frames that the MG port TeGig 1/6/2 receives are tagged with the VLAN ID of the MD port. Similarly, if BPDUs are transmitted, the MG port receives them tagged with the VLAN ID 4095.
DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-1)#exit DellEMC(conf)#do show monitor session SessID Source Destination Dir Mode Gre-Protocol FcMonitor ------ ------------------ -------------- --------0 Te 1/1/1 Te 1/2/1 rx Port A N/A No 0 Po 10 Te 1/2/1 rx Port A N/A No 1 Vl 40 Te 1/3/1 rx Flow A N/A No Source IP Dest IP DSCP TTL Drop Rate --------- -------- ---- --- ---- ---- 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 No N/ 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 No N/ 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.
EXEC mode EXEC Privilege mode show run monitor session DellEMC#show run monitor session ! monitor multicast-queue 7 DellEMC# Flow-Based Monitoring Flow-based monitoring conserves bandwidth by monitoring only the specified traffic instead of all traffic on the interface. It is available for Layer 3 ingress and known unicast egress traffic. You can specify the traffic that needs to be monitored using standard or extended access-lists.
seq sequence-number {deny | permit} {source [mask] | any | host ip-address} [count [byte]] [order] [fragments] [log [threshold-in-msgs count]] [monitor] If you configure the flow-based enable command and do not apply an ACL on the source port or the monitored port, both flow-based monitoring and port mirroring do not function. You cannot apply the same ACL to an interface or a monitoring session context simultaneously.
NOTE: Flow-based monitoring is supported for known unicast egress traffic. 1 Create a monitoring session. CONFIGURATION mode monitor session session-id 2 Enable flow-based monitoring for a monitoring session. MONITOR SESSION mode flow-based enable 3 Specify the source and destination port and direction of traffic. MONITOR SESSION mode source source—port destination destination-port direction rx 4 Define IP access-list rules that include the monitor keyword.
DellEMC(conf)#do show monitor session 0 SessionID Source Destination Direction Mode Rate Gre-Protocol FcMonitor --------- ---------------- --------- ------- ----------- --------0 Te 1/1/1 Te 1/2/1 rx interface A N/A yes Source IP Dest IP DSCP TTL Drop --------- -------- ---- --- ---- 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 No N/ The following is sample configuration for flow-based mirroring with ACLs applied to monitor sessions.
Enabling IPv6 Flow-Based Monitoring To enable IPv6 flow-based mirroring, use ipv6 access-group access-list-name command under monitor session. You can apply a new IPv6 ACL in a monitor session, when an ACL is already applied. If so, the new ACL will replace the old and overwrite it. 1 Create a monitoring session. CONFIGURATION mode monitor session session-id 2 Enable flow-based monitoring for a monitoring session.
The following show cam-acl output displays the CAM region ipv4udfmirracl configured for IPv6 flow-based mirroring with ACL.
Remote Port Mirroring Example Remote port mirroring uses the analyzers shown in the aggregation network in Site A. The VLAN traffic on monitored links from the access network is tagged and assigned to a dedicated L2 VLAN. Monitored links are configured in two source sessions shown with orange and green circles. Each source session uses a separate reserved VLAN to transmit mirrored packets (mirrored source-session traffic is shown with an orange or green circle with a blue border).
• You can configure any switch in the network with source ports and destination ports, and allow it to function in an intermediate transport session for a reserved VLAN at the same time for multiple remote-port mirroring sessions. You can enable and disable individual mirroring sessions. • BPDU monitoring is not required to use remote port mirroring.
Restrictions When you configure remote port mirroring, the following restrictions apply: • You can configure the same source port to be used in multiple source sessions. • You cannot configure a source port channel or source VLAN in a source session if the port channel or VLAN has a member port that is configured as a destination port in a remote-port mirroring session.
Configuring the Sample Remote Port Mirroring Remote port mirroring requires a source session (monitored ports on different source switches), a reserved tagged VLAN for transporting mirrored traffic (configured on source, intermediate, and destination switches), and a destination session (destination ports connected to analyzers on destination switches). Table 71. Configuration Steps for RPM Step Command Purpose 1 configure terminal Enter global configuration mode.
DellEMC(conf)#inte te 1/30/1 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/30)#no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/30)#switchport DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/30)#exit DellEMC(conf)#interface vlan 30 DellEMC(conf-if-vl-30)#mode remote-port-mirroring DellEMC(conf-if-vl-30)#tagged te 1/30/1 DellEMC(conf-if-vl-30)#exit DellEMC(conf)#interface port-channel 10 DellEMC(conf-if-po-10)#channel-member te 1/28/1 - 1/28/2 DellEMC(conf-if-po-10)#no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-po-10)#exit DellEMC(conf)#monitor session 3 type rpm DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-3)#sour
DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-2)#tagged destination te 1/5/1 DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-2)#exit DellEMC(conf)#monitor session 3 type rpm DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-3)#source remote-vlan 30 destination te 1/6/1 DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-3)#tagged destination te 1/6/1 DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-3)#end DellEMC# DellEMC#show monitor session SessID Source Destination Dir Mode Source IP ------ ------------------ ---- --------1 remote-vlan 10 Te 1/4/1 N/A N/A N/A 2 remote-vlan 20 Te 1/5/1 N/A N/A N/A 3 remote-vlan 30 Te 1/6/1 N/A N/A N/A De
Encapsulated Remote Port Monitoring Encapsulated Remote Port Monitoring (ERPM) copies traffic from source ports/port-channels or source VLANs and forwards the traffic using routable GRE-encapsulated packets to the destination IP address specified in the session. NOTE: When configuring ERPM, follow these guidelines • The Dell EMC Networking OS supports ERPM source session only. Encapsulated packets terminate at the destination IP address or at the analyzer.
6 Enter the no disable command to enable the ERPM session. no disable The following example shows an ERPM configuration: DellEMC(conf)#monitor session 0 type erpm DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-0)#source tengigabitethernet 1/9/1 direction rx DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-0)#source port-channel 1 direction tx DellEMC(conf-mon-sess-0)#erpm source-ip 1.1.1.1 dest-ip 7.1.1.
ERPM Behavior on a typical Dell EMC Networking OS The Dell EMC Networking OS is designed to support only the Encapsulation of the data received / transmitted at the specified source port (Port A). An ERPM destination session / decapsulation of the ERPM packets at the destination Switch are not supported. Figure 100.
– Some tools support options to edit the capture file. We can make use of such features (for example: editcap ) and chop the ERPM header part and save it to a new trace file. This new file (i.e. the original mirrored packet) can be converted back into stream and fed to any egress interface. b Using Python script – Either have a Linux server's ethernet port ip as the ERPM destination ip or connect the ingress interface of the server to the ERPM MirrorToPort.
To mitigate this issue, the L2 VLT egress mask drops the duplicate packets that egress out of the VLT port. If the LAG status of the peer VLT device is OPER-UP, then the other VLT peer blocks the transmission of packets received through VLTi to its port or LAG. As a result, the destination port on the device to which the packet analyzer is connected does not receive duplicate mirrored packets.
Scenario RPM Restriction Recommended Solution Mirroring Orphan Ports across VLT Devices — In this scenario, an orphan port on the primary VLT device is mirrored to another orphan port on the secondary VLT device through the ICL LAG. The port analyzer is connected to the secondary VLT device. No restrictions apply to the RPM session. The following example shows the configuration on the primary VLT device:source orphan port destination remote vlan direction rx/tx/both.
40 Private VLANs (PVLAN) The private VLAN (PVLAN) feature is supported on Dell EMC Networking OS. For syntax details about the commands described in this chapter, refer to the Private VLANs commands chapter in the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Line Reference Guide. Private VLANs extend the Dell EMC Networking OS security suite by providing Layer 2 isolation between ports within the same virtual local area network (VLAN).
– A switch can have one or more primary VLANs, and it can have none. – A primary VLAN has one or more secondary VLANs. – A primary VLAN and each of its secondary VLANs decrement the available number of VLAN IDs in the switch. – A primary VLAN has one or more promiscuous ports. – A primary VLAN might have one or more trunk ports, or none. • Secondary VLAN — a subdomain of the primary VLAN. – There are two types of secondary VLAN — community VLAN and isolated VLAN.
show vlan private-vlan [community | interface | isolated | primary | primary_vlan | interface interface] • Display primary-secondary VLAN mapping. EXEC mode or EXEC Privilege mode show vlan private-vlan mapping • Set the PVLAN mode of the selected port. INTERFACE switchport mode private-vlan {host | promiscuous | trunk} NOTE: Secondary VLANs are Layer 2 VLANs, so even if they are operationally down while primary VLANs are operationally up, Layer 3 traffic is still transmitted across secondary VLANs.
Example of the switchport mode private-vlan Command NOTE: You cannot add interfaces that are configured as PVLAN ports to regular VLANs. You also cannot add “regular” ports (ports not configured as PVLAN ports) to PVLANs. The following example shows the switchport mode private-vlan command on a port and on a port channel.
You can enter interfaces in numeric or in range format, either comma-delimited (slot/port,port,port) or hyphenated (slot/ port-port). You can only add promiscuous ports or PVLAN trunk ports to the PVLAN (no host or regular ports). 6 (OPTIONAL) Assign an IP address to the VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode ip address ip address 7 (OPTIONAL) Enable/disable Layer 3 communication between secondary VLANs.
interface vlan vlan-id 2 Enable the VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode no shutdown 3 Set the PVLAN mode of the selected VLAN to isolated. INTERFACE VLAN mode private-vlan mode isolated 4 Add one or more host ports to the VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode tagged interface or untagged interface You can enter the interfaces singly or in range format, either comma-delimited (slot/port,port,port) or hyphenated (slot/ port-port). You can only add ports defined as host to the VLAN.
Private VLAN Configuration Example The following example shows a private VLAN topology. Figure 101. Sample Private VLAN Topology The following configuration is based on the example diagram for the Z9500: • Te 1/1 and Te 1/23 are configured as promiscuous ports, assigned to the primary VLAN, VLAN 4000. • Te 1/25 is configured as a PVLAN trunk port, also assigned to the primary VLAN 4000. • Te 1/24 and Te 1/47 are configured as host ports and assigned to the isolated VLAN, VLAN 4003.
In parallel, on S4810: • Te 1/3 is a promiscuous port and Te 1/25 is a PVLAN trunk port, assigned to the primary VLAN 4000. • Te 1/4-6 are host ports. Te 1/4 and Te 1/5 are assigned to the community VLAN 4001, while Te 1/6 is assigned to the isolated VLAN 4003. The result is that: • The S4810 ports would have the same intra-switch communication characteristics as described for the Z9500.
The following example shows using the show vlan private-vlan mapping command. S50-1#show vlan private-vlan mapping Private Vlan: Primary : 4000 Isolated : 4003 Community : 4001 NOTE: In the following example, notice the addition of the PVLAN codes – P, I, and C – in the left column. The following example shows viewing the VLAN status.
41 Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+) Per-VLAN spanning tree plus (PVST+) is a variation of spanning tree — developed by a third party — that allows you to configure a separate spanning tree instance for each virtual local area network (VLAN). Protocol Overview PVST+ is a variation of spanning tree — developed by a third party — that allows you to configure a separate spanning tree instance for each virtual local area network (VLAN).
Table 74. Spanning Tree Variations Dell EMC Networking OS Supports Dell EMC Networking Term IEEE Specification Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 802 .1d Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) 802 .1w Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) 802 .1s Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+) Third Party Implementation Information • The Dell EMC Networking OS implementation of PVST+ is based on IEEE Standard 802.1w. • The Dell EMC Networking OS implementation of PVST+ uses IEEE 802.
no disable Disabling PVST+ To disable PVST+ globally or on an interface, use the following commands. • Disable PVST+ globally. PROTOCOL PVST mode disable • Disable PVST+ on an interface, or remove a PVST+ parameter configuration. INTERFACE mode no spanning-tree pvst Example of Viewing PVST+ Configuration To display your PVST+ configuration, use the show config command from PROTOCOL PVST mode.
Figure 103. Load Balancing with PVST+ The bridge with the bridge value for bridge priority is elected root. Because all bridges use the default priority (until configured otherwise), the lowest MAC address is used as a tie-breaker. To increase the likelihood that a bridge is selected as the STP root, assign bridges a low non-default value for bridge priority. To assign a bridge priority, use the following command. • Assign a bridge priority.
Number of topology changes 5, last change occurred 00:34:37 ago on Te 1/32/1 Port 375 (TenGigabitEthernet 1/22/1) is designated Forwarding Port path cost 20000, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.375 Designated root has priority 4096, address 0001.e80d.b6:d6 Designated bridge has priority 4096, address 0001.e80d.b6:d6 Designated port id is 128.
Modifying Interface PVST+ Parameters You can adjust two interface parameters (port cost and port priority) to increase or decrease the probability that a port becomes a forwarding port. • Port cost — a value that is based on the interface type. The greater the port cost, the less likely the port is selected to be a forwarding port. • Port priority — influences the likelihood that a port is selected to be a forwarding port in case that several ports have the same port cost.
The values for interface PVST+ parameters are given in the output of the show spanning-tree pvst command, as previously shown. Configuring an EdgePort The EdgePort feature enables interfaces to begin forwarding traffic approximately 30 seconds sooner. In this mode an interface forwards frames by default until it receives a BPDU that indicates that it should behave otherwise; it does not go through the Learning and Listening states.
Figure 104. PVST+ with Extend System ID • Augment the bridge ID with the VLAN ID. PROTOCOL PVST mode extend system-id Example of Viewing the Extend System ID in a PVST+ Configuration DellEMC(conf-pvst)#do show spanning-tree pvst vlan 5 brief VLAN 5 Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Root ID Priority 32773, Address 0001.e832.73f7 Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Bridge ID Priority 32773 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 5), Address 0001.e832.
no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/22,32/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 300 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/22,32/1 no shutdown ! protocol spanning-tree pvst no disable vlan 100 bridge-priority 4096 Example of PVST+ Configuration (R2) interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/12/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/32/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface Vlan 100 no ip address tagged TenGigabitEthernet 2/12,32/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 200 no ip a
protocol spanning-tree pvst no disable vlan 300 bridge-priority 4096 738 Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+)
42 Quality of Service (QoS) This chapter describes how to use and configure Quality of Service service (QoS) features on the switch. Differentiated service is accomplished by classifying and queuing traffic, and assigning priorities to those queues. Table 76.
Feature Direction Create Policy Maps Ingress + Egress Create Input Policy Maps Ingress Honor DSCP Values on Ingress Packets Ingress Honoring dot1p Values on Ingress Packets Ingress Create Output Policy Maps Egress Specify an Aggregate QoS Policy Egress Create Output Policy Maps Egress Enabling QoS Rate Adjustment Enabling Strict-Priority Queueing Weighted Random Early Detection Egress Create WRED Profiles Egress Figure 105.
• Implementation Information • Port-Based QoS Configurations • Policy-Based QoS Configurations • Enabling QoS Rate Adjustment • Enabling Strict-Priority Queueing • Queue Classification Requirements for PFC Functionality • Support for marking dot1p value in L3 Input Qos Policy • Weighted Random Early Detection • Pre-Calculating Available QoS CAM Space • Specifying Policy-Based Rate Shaping in Packets Per Second • Configuring Policy-Based Rate Shaping • Configuring Weights and ECN for W
Table 77. dot1p-priority Values and Queue Numbers dot1p Queue Number 0 1 1 0 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 • Change the priority of incoming traffic on the interface.
When priority-tagged frames ingress an untagged port or hybrid port, the frames are classified to the default VLAN of the port and to a queue according to their dot1p priority if you configure service-class dynamic dotp or trust dot1p. When priority-tagged frames ingress a tagged port, the frames are dropped because, for a tagged port, the default VLAN is 0. Dell EMC Networking OS Behavior: Hybrid ports can receive untagged, tagged, and priority tagged frames.
Policy-Based QoS Configurations Policy-based QoS configurations consist of the components shown in the following example. Figure 106. Constructing Policy-Based QoS Configurations Classify Traffic Class maps differentiate traffic so that you can apply separate quality of service policies to different types of traffic. For both class maps, Layer 2 and Layer 3, Dell EMC Networking OS matches packets against match criteria in the order that you configure them.
Use step 1 or step 2 to start creating a Layer 3 class map. 1 Create a match-any class map. CONFIGURATION mode class-map match-any 2 Create a match-all class map. CONFIGURATION mode class-map match-all 3 Specify your match criteria. CLASS MAP mode [seq sequence number] match {ip | ipv6 | ip-any} After you create a class-map, Dell EMC Networking OS places you in CLASS MAP mode. Match-any class maps allow up to five ACLs. Match-all class-maps allow only one ACL.
Creating a Layer 2 Class Map All class maps are Layer 3 by default; however, you can create a Layer 2 class map by specifying the layer2 option with the class-map command. A Layer 2 class map differentiates traffic according to 802.1p value and/or VLAN and/or characteristics defined in a MAC ACL.. Use Step 1 or Step 2 to start creating a Layer 2 class map. 1 Create a match-any class map. CONFIGURATION mode class-map match-any 2 Create a match-all class map.
Displaying Configured Class Maps and Match Criteria To display all class-maps or a specific class map, use the following command. Dell EMC Networking OS Behavior: An explicit “deny any" rule in a Layer 3 ACL used in a (match any or match all) class-map creates a "default to Queue 0" entry in the CAM, which causes unintended traffic classification. In the following example, traffic is classified in two Queues, 1 and 2. Class-map ClassAF1 is “match any,” and ClassAF2 is “match all”.
The following example shows correct traffic classifications. Dot1p to Queue Mapping Requirement The dot1p to queue mapping on the system is global and this is used to configure the PRIO2COS table configuration. For DSCP based PFC feature on untagged packets, this mapping must be the same as the default dot1p to queue mapping and should not be changed (as in TABLE 1). If a custom dot1p to queue mapping is present it should be reconfigured to the default dot1p to queue mapping.
NOTE: To avoid issues misconfiguration causes, Dell EMC Networking recommends configuring either DCBX or Egress QoS features, but not both simultaneously. If you enable both DCBX and Egress QoS at the same time, the DCBX configuration is applied and unexpected behavior occurs on the Egress QoS. Creating an Input QoS Policy To create an input QoS policy, use the following steps. 1 Create a Layer 3 input QoS policy.
Allocating Bandwidth to Queue Specifying WRED Drop Precedence Configuring Policy-Based Rate Shaping To configure policy-based rate shaping, use the following command. • Configure rate shape egress traffic. QOS-POLICY-OUT mode rate-shape Allocating Bandwidth to Queue The switch schedules packets for egress based on Deficit Round Robin (DRR). This strategy offers a guaranteed data rate. Allocate bandwidth to queues only in terms of percentage in 4-queue and 8-queue systems.
DSCP Color Maps This section describes how to configure color maps and how to display the color map and color map configuration. This sections consists of the following topics: • Creating a DSCP Color Map • Displaying Color Maps • Display Color Map Configuration Creating a DSCP Color Map You can create a DSCP color map to outline the differentiated services codepoint (DSCP) mappings to the appropriate color mapping (green, yellow, red) for the input traffic.
Create the DSCP color map profile, bat-enclave-map, with a yellow drop precedence , and set the DSCP values to 9,10,11,13,15,16 DellEMC(conf)# qos dscp-color-map bat-enclave-map DellEMC(conf-dscp-color-map)# dscp yellow 9,10,11,13,15,16 DellEMC(conf-dscp-color-map)# exit Assign the color map, bat-enclave-map to the interface.
Display detailed information about a color policy for a specific interface DellEMC# show qos dscp-color-policy detail tengigabitethernet 1/10/1 Interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/10/1 Dscp-color-map mapONE yellow 4,7 red 20,30 Create Policy Maps There are two types of policy maps: input and output. Creating Input Policy Maps There are two types of input policy-maps: Layer 3 and Layer 2. 1 Create a Layer 3 input policy map.
Honoring DSCP Values on Ingress Packets Dell EMC Networking OS provides the ability to honor DSCP values on ingress packets using Trust DSCP feature. The following table lists the standard DSCP definitions and indicates to which queues Dell EMC Networking OS maps DSCP values. When you configure trust DSCP, the matched packets and matched bytes counters are not incremented in the show qos statistics. Table 79.
trust dot1p Mapping dot1p Values to Service Queues All traffic is by default mapped to the same queue, Queue 0. If you honor dot1p on ingress, you can create service classes based the queueing strategy in Honoring dot1p Values on Ingress Packets. You may apply this queuing strategy globally by entering the following command from CONFIGURATION mode. • All dot1p traffic is mapped to Queue 0 unless you enable service-class dynamic dot1p on an interface or globally.
Specifying an Aggregate QoS Policy Applying an Output Policy Map to an Interface 3 Apply the policy map to an interface. Applying an Output QoS Policy to a Queue To apply an output QoS policy to a queue, use the following command. • Apply an output QoS policy to queues. INTERFACE mode service-queue Specifying an Aggregate QoS Policy To specify an aggregate QoS policy, use the following command. • Specify an aggregate QoS policy.
qos-rate-adjust overhead-bytes For example, to include the Preamble and SFD, type qos-rate-adjust 8. For variable length overhead fields, know the number of bytes you want to include. The default is disabled. Enabling Strict-Priority Queueing In strict-priority queuing, the system de-queues all packets from the assigned queue before servicing any other queues. You can assign strict-priority to one unicast queue, using the strict-priority command.
Currently if the ingress is untagged and egress is tagged, then dot1p priority 0(default) will be added as part of the tag header and from the next hop PFC will be based on that dot1p priority. Support is added to mark the dot1p value in the L3 Input Qos Policy in this feature. Hence it is possible to mark both DSCP and Dot1p simultaneously in the L3 Input Qos Policy.
Figure 107. Packet Drop Rate for WRED You can create a custom WRED profile or use one of the five pre-defined profiles. Enabling and Disabling WRED Globally By default, WRED is enabled on the system. You can disable or reenable WRED manually using a single command. Follow these steps to disable or enable WRED in Dell EMC Networking OS.
Applying a WRED Profile to Traffic After you create a WRED profile, you must specify to which traffic Dell EMC Networking OS should apply the profile. Dell EMC Networking OS assigns a color (also called drop precedence) — red, yellow, or green — to each packet based on it DSCP value before queuing it. DSCP is a 6–bit field. Dell EMC Networking uses the first three bits (LSB) of this field (DP) to determine the drop precedence. • DP values of 110 and 100, 101 map to yellow; all other values map to green.
show qos statistics egress-queue Example of show qos statistics egress-queue Command DellEMC#show qos statistics egress-queue tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 Interface Te 1/1/1 Unicast/Multicast Egress Queue Statistics Queue# Q# Type TxPkts TxPkts/s TxBytes TxBytes/s DroppedPkts DroppedPkts/s DroppedBytes DroppedBytes/s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0 UCAST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 UCAST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 UCAST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
NOTE: The show cam-usage command provides much of the same information as the test cam-usage command, but whether a policy-map can be successfully applied to an interface cannot be determined without first measuring how many CAM entries the policy-map would consume; the test cam-usage command is useful because it provides this measurement. • Verify that there are enough available CAM entries.
DellEMC(config-qos-policy-out)# rate shape pps peak-rate burst-packets 2 Alternatively, configure the peak rate and peak burst size in bytes. QOS-POLICY-OUT mode DellEMC(config-qos-policy-out)# rate shape Kbps peak-rate burst-KB 3 Configure the committed rate and committed burst size in pps. QOS-POLICY-OUT mode DellEMC(config-qos-policy-out)# rate shape pps peak-rate burst-packets committed pps committed-rate burst-packets 4 Alternatively, configure the committed rate and committed burst size in bytes.
Global Service Pools With WRED and ECN Settings Support for global service pools is now available. You can configure global service pools that are shared buffer pools accessed by multiple queues when the minimum guaranteed buffers for the queue are consumed. Two service pools are used– one for loss-based queues and the other for lossless (priority-based flow control (PFC)) queues. You can enable WRED and ECN configuration on the global service-pools.
Configuring WRED and ECN Attributes The functionality to configure a weight factor for the WRED and ECN functionality for backplane ports is supported on the platform. WRED drops packets when the average queue length exceeds the configured threshold value to signify congestion. Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) is a capability that enhances WRED by marking the packets instead of causing WRED to drop them when the threshold value is exceeded.
• Because this functionality forcibly marks all the packets matching the specific match criteria as ‘yellow’, Dell EMC Networking OS does not support Policer based coloring and this feature concurrently. • If single rate two color policer is configured along with this feature, then by default all packets less than PIR would be considered as “Green” But ‘Green’ packets matching the specific match criteria for which ‘color-marking’ is configured will be over-written and marked as “Yellow”.
3 Attach the policy-map to the interface. Dell EMC Networking OS support different types of match qualifiers to classify the incoming traffic. Match qualifiers can be directly configured in the class-map command or it can be specified through one or more ACL which in turn specifies the combination of match qualifiers. Until Release 9.3(0.0), support is available for classifying traffic based on the 6-bit DSCP field of the IPv4 packet.
By default, all packets are considered as ‘green’ (without the rate-policer and trust-diffserve configuration) and hence support would be provided to mark the packets as ‘yellow’ alone will be provided. By default Dell EMC Networking OS drops all the ‘RED’ or ‘violate’ packets.
seq 5 permit any dscp 50 ecn 1 seq 10 permit any dscp 50 ecn 2 seq 15 permit any dscp 50 ecn 3 ! ip access-list standard dscp_40_ecn seq 5 permit any dscp 40 ecn 1 seq 10 permit any dscp 40 ecn 2 seq 15 permit any dscp 40 ecn 3 ! ip access-list standard dscp_50_non_ecn seq 5 permit any dscp 50 ecn 0 ! ip access-list standard dscp_40_non_ecn seq 5 permit any dscp 40 ecn 0 ! class-map match-any class_dscp_40 match ip access-group dscp_40_non_ecn set-color yellow match ip access-group dscp_40_ecn ! class-map m
Managing Hardware Buffer Statistics The memory management unit (MMU) is 12.2 MB in size. It contains approximately 60,000 cells, each of which is 208 bytes in size. MMU also has another portion of 3 MB allocated to it. The entire MMU space is shared across a maximum of 104 logical ports to support the egress admission-control functionality to implement scheduling and shaping on per-port and per-queue levels.
Enable this utility to be able to configure the parameters for buffer statistics tracking. By default, buffer statistics tracking is disabled. 3 Use show hardware buffer-stats-snapshot resource interface interface{priority-group { id | all } | queue { ucast{id | all}{ mcast {id | all} | all} to view buffer statistics tracking resource information for a specific interface.
43 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) tracks distances or hop counts to nearby routers when establishing network connections and is based on a distance-vector algorithm. RIP is based on a distance-vector algorithm; it tracks distances or hop counts to nearby routers when establishing network connections. RIP protocol standards are listed in the Standards Compliance chapter.
Implementation Information Dell EMC Networking OS supports both versions of RIP and allows you to configure one version globally and the other version on interfaces or both versions on the interfaces. The following table lists the defaults for RIP in Dell EMC Networking OS. Table 82.
Enabling RIP Globally By default, RIP is not enabled in Dell EMC Networking OS. To enable RIP globally, use the following commands. 1 Enter ROUTER RIP mode and enable the RIP process on Dell EMC Networking OS. CONFIGURATION mode router rip 2 Assign an IP network address as a RIP network to exchange routing information.
192.161.1.0/24 auto-summary 192.162.3.0/24 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:01:22, Fa 1/4 192.162.3.0/24 auto-summary DellEMC#show ip rip database Total number of routes in RIP database: 978 160.160.0.0/16 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:00:26, Fa 1/49 160.160.0.0/16 auto-summary 2.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:01:22, Fa 1/49 2.0.0.0/8 auto-summary 4.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:01:22, Fa 1/49 4.0.0.0/8 auto-summary 8.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:00:26, Fa 1/49 8.0.0.0/8 auto-summary 12.0.0.
neighbor ip-address • You can use this command multiple times to exchange RIP information with as many RIP networks as you want. Disable a specific interface from sending or receiving RIP routing information. ROUTER RIP mode passive-interface interface Assigning a Prefix List to RIP Routes Another method of controlling RIP (or any routing protocol) routing information is to filter the information through a prefix list. A prefix list is applied to incoming or outgoing routes.
– map-name: the name of a configured route map. To view the current RIP configuration, use the show running-config command in EXEC mode or the show config command in ROUTER RIP mode. Setting the Send and Receive Version To change the RIP version globally or on an interface in Dell EMC Networking OS, use the following command. To specify the RIP version, use the version command in ROUTER RIP mode.
Gateway Distance Last Update Distance: (default is 120) DellEMC# Generating a Default Route Traffic is forwarded to the default route when the traffic’s network is not explicitly listed in the routing table. Default routes are not enabled in RIP unless specified. Use the default-information originate command in ROUTER RIP mode to generate a default route into RIP.
distance weight [ip-address mask [access-list-name]] Configure the following parameters: – weight: the range is from 1 to 255. The default is 120. – ip-address mask: the IP address in dotted decimal format (A.B.C.D), and the mask in slash format (/x). • – access-list-name: the name of a configured IP ACL. Apply an additional number to the incoming or outgoing route metrics.
Figure 108. RIP Topology Example RIP Configuration on Core2 The following example shows how to configure RIPv2 on a host named Core2. Example of Configuring RIPv2 on Core 2 Core2(conf-if-te-1/1/2)# Core2(conf-if-te-1/1/2)#router rip Core2(conf-router_rip)#ver 2 Core2(conf-router_rip)#network 10.200.10.0 Core2(conf-router_rip)#network 10.300.10.0 Core2(conf-router_rip)#network 10.11.10.0 Core2(conf-router_rip)#network 10.11.20.0 Core2(conf-router_rip)#show config ! router rip network 10.0.0.
The following example shows the show ip route command to show the RIP setup on Core 2.
Core3(conf-router_rip)#network 192.168.2.0 Core3(conf-router_rip)#network 10.11.30.0 Core3(conf-router_rip)#network 10.11.20.0 Core3(conf-router_rip)#show config ! router rip network 10.0.0.0 network 192.168.1.0 network 192.168.2.0 version 2 Core3(conf-router_rip)# Core 3 RIP Output The examples in this section show the core 2 RIP output. • To display Core 3 RIP database, use the show ip rip database command. • To display Core 3 RIP setup, use the show ip route command.
The following example shows the show ip protocols command to show the RIP configuration activity on Core 3.
! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/2/1 ip address 10.11.20.1/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/4/1 ip address 192.168.1.1/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/5/1 ip address 192.168.2.1/24 no shutdown ! router rip version 2 network 10.11.20.0 network 10.11.30.0 network 192.168.1.0 network 192.168.2.
44 Remote Monitoring (RMON) RMON is an industry-standard implementation that monitors network traffic by sharing network monitoring information. RMON provides both 32-bit and 64-bit monitoring facility and long-term statistics collection on Dell EMC Networking Ethernet interfaces. RMON operates with the simple network management protocol (SNMP) and monitors all nodes on a local area network (LAN) segment. RMON monitors traffic passing through the router and segment traffic not destined for the router.
Setting the RMON Alarm To set an alarm on any MIB object, use the rmon alarm or rmon hc-alarm command in GLOBAL CONFIGURATION mode. • Set an alarm on any MIB object.
CONFIGURATION mode [no] rmon event number [log] [trap community] [description string] [owner string] – number: assigned event number, which is identical to the eventIndex in the eventTable in the RMON MIB. The value must be an integer from 1 to 65,535 and be unique in the RMON Event Table. – log: (Optional) generates an RMON log entry when the event is triggered and sets the eventType in the RMON MIB to log or logand-trap. Default is no log.
[no] rmon collection history {controlEntry integer} [owner ownername] [buckets bucket-number] [interval seconds] – controlEntry: specifies the RMON group of statistics using a value. – integer: a value from 1 to 65,535 that identifies the RMON group of statistics. The value must be a unique index in the RMON History Table. – owner: (Optional) specifies the name of the owner of the RMON group of statistics. The default is a null-terminated string.
45 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) is a Layer 2 protocol — specified by IEEE 802.1w — that is essentially the same as spanningtree protocol (STP) but provides faster convergence and interoperability with switches configured with STP and multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP). Protocol Overview RSTP is a Layer 2 protocol — specified by IEEE 802.
• Dell EMC Networking OS supports only one Rapid Spanning Tree (RST) instance. • All interfaces in virtual local area networks (VLANs) and all enabled interfaces in Layer 2 mode are automatically added to the RST topology. • Adding a group of ports to a range of VLANs sends multiple messages to the rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) task, avoid using the range command. When using the range command, Dell EMC Networking recommends limiting the range to five ports and 40 VLANs.
no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# Enabling Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Globally Enable RSTP globally on all participating bridges; it is not enabled by default. When you enable RSTP, all physical and port-channel interfaces that are enabled and in Layer 2 mode are automatically part of the RST topology. • Only one path from any bridge to any other bridge is enabled. • Bridges block a redundant path by disabling one of the link ports.
Figure 109. Rapid Spanning Tree Enabled Globally To view the interfaces participating in RSTP, use the show spanning-tree rstp command from EXEC privilege mode. If a physical interface is part of a port channel, only the port channel is listed in the command output. DellEMC#show spanning-tree rstp Root Identifier has priority 32768, Address 0001.e801.cbb4 Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15, max hops 0 Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, Address 0001.e801.
Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0001.e801.cbb4 Designated port id is 128.379, designated path cost 0 Number of transitions to forwarding state 1 BPDU : sent 121, received 5 The port is not in the Edge port mode Port 380 (TenGigabitEthernet 2/4/1) is designated Forwarding Port path cost 20000, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.380 Designated root has priority 32768, address 0001.e801.cbb4 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0001.e801.cbb4 Designated port id is 128.
The following table displays the default values for RSTP. Table 84.
The default is 20 seconds. To view the current values for global parameters, use the show spanning-tree rstp command from EXEC privilege mode. Enabling SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes To enable SNMP traps, use the following command. • Enable SNMP traps for RSTP, MSTP, and PVST+ collectively. snmp-server enable traps xstp Modifying Interface Parameters On interfaces in Layer 2 mode, you can set the port cost and port priority values.
snmp-server enable traps xstp Influencing RSTP Root Selection RSTP determines the root bridge, but you can assign one bridge a lower priority to increase the likelihood that it is selected as the root bridge. To change the bridge priority, use the following command. • Assign a number as the bridge priority or designate it as the primary or secondary root. PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE RSTP mode bridge-priority priority-value – priority-value The range is from 0 to 65535.
Example of Verifying an EdgePort is Enabled on an Interface To verify that EdgePort is enabled on a port, use the show spanning-tree rstp command from EXEC privilege mode or the show config command from INTERFACE mode. NOTE: Dell EMC Networking recommends using the show config command from INTERFACE mode. In the following example, the bold line indicates that the interface is in EdgePort mode.
46 Software-Defined Networking (SDN) The Dell EMC Networking OS supports software-defined networking (SDN). For more information, see the SDN Deployment Guide.
47 Security This chapter describes several ways to provide security to the Dell EMC Networking system. For details about all the commands described in this chapter, refer to the Security chapter in the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Reference Guide.
• Configuring AAA Accounting for Terminal Lines (optional) • Monitoring AAA Accounting (optional) Enabling AAA Accounting The aaa accounting command allows you to create a record for any or all of the accounting functions monitored. To enable AAA accounting, use the following command. • Enable AAA accounting and create a record for monitoring the accounting function.
Example of Configuring AAA Accounting to Track EXEC and EXEC Privilege Level Command Use In the following sample configuration, AAA accounting is set to track all usage of EXEC commands and commands on privilege level 15.
NOTE: If a console user logs in with RADIUS authentication, the privilege level is applied from the RADIUS server if the privilege level is configured for that user in RADIUS, whether you configure RADIUS authorization. Configuration Task List for AAA Authentication The following sections provide the configuration tasks.
login authentication {method-list-name | default} To view the configuration, use the show config command in LINE mode or the show running-config in EXEC Privilege mode. NOTE: Dell EMC Networking recommends using the none method only as a backup. This method does not authenticate users. The none and enable methods do not work with secure shell (SSH). You can create multiple method lists and assign them to different terminal lines.
The following example shows enabling local authentication for console and remote authentication for the VTY lines. DellEMC(config)# aaa authentication enable mymethodlist radius tacacs DellEMC(config)# line vty 0 9 DellEMC(config-line-vty)# enable authentication mymethodlist Server-Side Configuration Using AAA authentication, the switch acts as a RADIUS or TACACS+ client to send authentication requests to a TACACS+ or RADIUS server.
Obscuring Passwords and Keys By default, the service password-encryption command stores encrypted passwords. For greater security, you can also use the service obscure-passwords command to prevent a user from reading the passwords and keys, including RADIUS, TACACS+ keys, router authentication strings, VRRP authentication by obscuring this information. Passwords and keys are stored encrypted in the configuration file and by default are displayed in the encrypted form when the configuration is displayed.
After you configure other privilege levels, enter those levels by adding the level parameter after the enable command or by configuring a user name or password that corresponds to the privilege level. For more information about configuring user names, refer to Configuring a Username and Password. By default, commands in Dell EMC Networking OS are assigned to different privilege levels. You can access those commands only if you have access to that privilege level.
Configuring the Enable Password Command To configure Dell EMC Networking OS, use the enable command to enter EXEC Privilege level 15. After entering the command, Dell EMC Networking OS requests that you enter a password. Privilege levels are not assigned to passwords, rather passwords are assigned to a privilege level. You can always change a password for any privilege level. To change to a different privilege level, enter the enable command, then the privilege level.
• 2 Secret: Specify the secret for the user. Configure a password for privilege level. CONFIGURATION mode enable password [level level] [encryption-mode] password Configure the optional and required parameters: • level level: specify a level from 0 to 15. Level 15 includes all levels. • encryption-type: enter 0 for plain text or 7 for encrypted text. • password: enter a string up to 32 characters long. To change only the password for the enable command, configure only the password parameter.
The following example shows the Telnet session for user john. The show privilege command output confirms that john is in privilege level 8. In EXEC Privilege mode, john can access only the commands listed. In CONFIGURATION mode, john can access only the snmpserver commands. apollo% telnet 172.31.1.53 Trying 172.31.1.53... Connected to 172.31.1.53. Escape character is '^]'.
EXEC Privilege mode enable or enable privilege-level • If you do not enter a privilege level, Dell EMC Networking OS sets it to 15 by default. Move to a lower privilege level. EXEC Privilege mode disable level-number – level-number: The level-number you wish to set. If you enter disable without a level-number, your security level is 1. RADIUS Remote authentication dial-in user service (RADIUS) is a distributed client/server protocol.
Idle Time Every session line has its own idle-time. If the idle-time value is not changed, the default value of 30 minutes is used. RADIUS specifies idle-time allow for a user during a session before timeout. When a user logs in, the lower of the two idle-time values (configured or default) is used. The idle-time value is updated if both of the following happens: • The administrator changes the idle-time of the line on which the user has logged in.
• Monitoring RADIUS (optional) For a complete listing of all Dell EMC Networking OS commands related to RADIUS, refer to the Security chapter in the Dell EMC Networking OS Command Reference Guide. NOTE: RADIUS authentication and authorization are done in a single step. Hence, authorization cannot be used independent of authentication. However, if you have configured RADIUS authorization and have not configured authentication, a message is logged stating this.
Specifying a RADIUS Server Host When configuring a RADIUS server host, you can set different communication parameters, such as the UDP port, the key password, the number of retries, and the timeout. To specify a RADIUS server host and configure its communication parameters, use the following command. • Enter the host name or IP address of the RADIUS server host.
• Configure the number of times Dell EMC Networking OS retransmits RADIUS requests. CONFIGURATION mode radius-server retransmit retries • – retries: the range is from 0 to 100. Default is 3 retries. Configure the time interval the system waits for a RADIUS server host response. CONFIGURATION mode radius-server timeout seconds – seconds: the range is from 0 to 1000. Default is 5 seconds.
4 Log in to switch using console or telnet or ssh with a valid user role. When 1-factor authentication is used, the authentication succeeds enabling you to access the switch. When two-factor authentication is used, the system prompts you to enter a one-time password as a second step of authentication. If a valid one-time password is supplied, the authentication succeeds enabling you to access the switch.
The following tables describe the various types of attributes that identify the NAS and the user sessions: Table 85. NAS Identification Attributes Attribute code Attribute Description 4 NAS-IP-Address IPv4 address of the NAS. 95 NAS-IPv6–Address IPv6 address of the NAS. Table 86. Change of Authorization (CoA) Attribute Attribute code Attribute Description 5 NAS-Port Port associated with the session to be processed for EAP or MAB users or the VTY ID for AAA sessions. Table 87.
The following tables describe the mandatory attributes for various message types: Table 90. CoA EAP/MAB Session(s) Re-authenticate Radius Attribute code Radius Attribute Description Mandatory NAS Identification Attributes 4 NAS-IP-Address IPv4 address of the NAS. No 95 NAS-IPv6–Address IPv6 address of the NAS.
Table 93. DM EAP/MAB Session(s) disconnect Radius Attribute code Radius Attribute Description Mandatory NAS Identification Attributes 4 NAS-IP-Address IPv4 address of the NAS. No 95 NAS-IPv6–Address IPv6 address of the NAS. No Session Identification Attributes 5 NAS-Port Port on which session is terminated Yes, if Calling-Station-Id attribute is not provided 31 Calling-Station-Id The link address from which session is connected.
2 Invalid Attribute Value(407) 3 NAS Identification Mismatch(403) 4 Administratively Prohibited(501) 5 Session Context Not Found(503) 6 Resource Unavailable(506) 7 Missing Attribute(402) • DM requests containing attributes other than NAS/Session identification attributes. • CoA or DM request containing the incorrect NAS-Port, calling-station-id, and Vendor-Specific attribute values. • CoA request containing NAS-IP-Address or NAS-IPV6-Address that does not match NAS.
CoA or DM Discard This section lists various actions that the NAS performs during CoA or DM discard. The following activities are performed by NAS: • discards the packet, if dynamic authorization feature is not enabled in NAS. • discards the packet, if the configured shared key entry is not found for the source IP address of the packet. • discards the packet with invalid code field. NAS supports the following radius codes.
NOTE: Unsupported attributes are the ones that are not mentioned in the RFC 5176 but present in the disconnect message that is received by the NAS. • rejects the disconnect message containing NAS-IP-Address or NAS-IPV6-Address attribute that does not match NAS with DM-Nak; Error-Cause value is “NAS Identification Mismatch” (403). • responds with a DM-Nak, if the NAS is configured to prohibit honoring of disconnect messages; Error-Cause value is “Administratively Prohibited” (501).
NAS uses the user-name or both the user-name as well as the NAS-Port attribute to identify the AAA user session. NAS disconnects all sessions related to the user, if the user-name is provided without NAS-port. 1 Enter the following command to configure the dynamic authorization feature: radius dynamic-auth 2 Enter the following command to terminate the 802.1x user session: disconnect-user NAS disconnects the administrative users who are connected through an AAA interface.
Configuring CoA to re-authenticate 802.1x sessions Dell EMC Networking OS provides RADIUS extension commands that enables you to configure re-authentication of 802.1x user sessions. When you configure this feature, the DAC sends the CoA request to re-authenticate the 802.1x uer session when ever the authorization level of the user’s profile changes. Before configuring re-authentication of 802.1x sessions, ensure that the following prerequisites are satisfied: • Shared key is configured in NAS for DAC.
NAS uses the calling-station-id or the NAS-port attributes to identify the 802.1x session. In case of the EAP and MAB users, the callingstation-id is the MAC address of the supplicant and the NAS-port attribute is the interface identifier. Using these atrributes, the NAS retrieves the supplicant that is connected to the interface. 1 Enter the following command to configure the dynamic authorization feature: radius dynamic-auth 2 Enter the following command to terminate the 802.
• sends a CoA-Nak with an error-cause value of 506 (resource unavailable), if it is not able to disable the 802.1x enabled port. • discards the packet, if simultaneous requests are received for the same NAS Port. Important points to remember Virtual link truncking (VLT) scenario This section describes how the secondary NAS processes the PE port authorization RADIUS requests to the primary NAS.
NAS considers the rate limit change value from the next interval period. The range is from 10 to 60 packets per minute. The default is 30 packets per minute. Dell(conf-dynamic-auth#)rate-limit 50 Configuring time-out value You can configure a time-out value for the back-end task to respond to CoA or DM requests. This setting enables the DAS to determine the amount of time to wait before a back-end response is received. The default value is 10 minutes.
The TACACS+ method must not be the last method specified. 3 Enter LINE mode. CONFIGURATION mode line {aux 0 | console 0 | vty number [end-number]} 4 Assign the method-list to the terminal line. LINE mode login authentication {method-list-name | default} Example of a Failed Authentication To view the configuration, use the show config in LINE mode or the show running-config tacacs+ command in EXEC Privilege mode.
debug tacacs+ TACACS+ Remote Authentication The system takes the access class from the TACACS+ server. Access class is the class of service that restricts Telnet access and packet sizes. If you have configured remote authorization, the system ignores the access class you have configured for the VTY line and gets this access class information from the TACACS+ server. The system must know the username and password of the incoming user before it can fetch the access class from the server.
Password: DellEMC# Command Authorization The AAA command authorization feature configures Dell EMC Networking OS to send each configuration command to a TACACS server for authorization before it is added to the running configuration. By default, the AAA authorization commands configure the system to check both EXEC mode and CONFIGURATION mode commands. Use the no aaa authorization config-commands command to enable only EXEC mode command checking.
Specifying an SSH Version The following example uses the ip ssh server version 2 command to enable SSH version 2 and the show ip ssh command to confirm the setting. DellEMC(conf)#ip ssh server version 2 DellEMC(conf)#do show ip ssh SSH server : enabled. SSH server version : v2. SSH server vrf : default. SSH server ciphers : 3des-cbc,aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,aes128-ctr,aes192ctr,aes256-ctr. SSH server macs : hmac-md5,hmac-md5-96,hmac-sha1,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-sha2-256,hmacsha2-256-96.
• ip ssh hostbased-authentication enable : enable host-based authentication for the SSHv2 server. • ip ssh password-authentication enable : enable password authentication for the SSH server. • ip ssh pub-key-file : specify the file the host-based authentication uses. • ip ssh rhostsfile : specify the rhost file the host-based authorization uses. • ip ssh rsa-authentication enable : enable RSA authentication for the SSHv2 server. • ip ssh rsa-authentication : add keys for the RSA authentication.
Configuring the SSH Server Key Exchange Algorithm To configure the key exchange algorithm for the SSH server, use the ip ssh server kex key-exchange-algorithm command in CONFIGURATION mode. key-exchange-algorithm : Enter a space-delimited list of key exchange algorithms that will be used by the SSH server.
• hmac-md5-96 When FIPS is enabled, the default HMAC algorithm is hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha1,hmac-sha1-96. Example of Configuring a HMAC Algorithm The following example shows you how to configure a HMAC algorithm list. DellEMC(conf)# ip ssh server mac hmac-sha1-96 Configuring the HMAC Algorithm for the SSH Client To configure the HMAC algorithm for the SSH client, use the ip ssh mac hmac-algorithm command in CONFIGURATION mode.
• aes192-cbc • aes256-cbc • aes128-ctr • aes192-ctr • aes256-ctr The default cipher list is aes256-ctr, aes256-cbc, aes192-ctr, aes192-cbc, aes128-ctr, aes128-cbc, 3des-cbc. Example of Configuring a Cipher List The following example shows you how to configure a cipher list.
Example of DNS Configuration in SSH Server Connections To view the status of DNS in the SSH server configuration, use the show running-config ip ssh command from EXEC mode. DellEMC#show running-config ip ssh ! ip ssh server dns enable ip ssh hostbased-authentication enable no ip ssh password-authentication enable ip ssh server enable Secure Shell Authentication Secure Shell (SSH) is enabled by default using the SSH Password Authentication method.
ip ssh rsa-authentication enable 5 Install user’s public key for RSA authentication in SSH. EXEC Privilege Mode ip ssh rsa-authentication username username my-authorized-keys flash://public_key If you provide the username, the Dell EMC Networking OS installs the public key for that specific user. In case, no user is associated with the current logged-in session, the system displays the following error message.
ssh_host_rsa_key.pub ssh_config ssh_host_dsa_key ssh_host_key ssh_host_rsa_key admin@Unix_client# cat ssh_host_rsa_key.pub ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEA8K7jLZRVfjgHJzUOmXxuIbZx/ AyWhVgJDQh39k8v3e8eQvLnHBIsqIL8jVy1QHhUeb7GaDlJVEDAMz30myqQbJgXBBRTWgBpLWwL/ doyUXFufjiL9YmoVTkbKcFmxJEMkE3JyHanEi7hg34LChjk9hL1by8cYZP2kYS2lnSyQWk= admin@Unix_client# ls id_rsa id_rsa.pub shosts admin@Unix_client# cat shosts 10.16.127.
Telnet To use Telnet with SSH, first enable SSH, as previously described. By default, the Telnet daemon is enabled. If you want to disable the Telnet daemon, use the following command, or disable Telnet in the startup config. To enable or disable the Telnet daemon, use the [no] ip telnet server enable command. The Telnet server or client is VRF-aware. You can enable a Telnet server or client to listen to a specific VRF by using the vrf vrfinstance-name parameter in the telnet command.
access class. After users identify themselves, retrieves the access class from the local database and applies it. ( then can close the connection if a user is denied access.) NOTE: If a VTY user logs in with RADIUS authentication, the privilege level is applied from the RADIUS server only if you configure RADIUS authentication. The following example shows how to allow or deny a Telnet connection to a user. Users see a login prompt even if they cannot log in. No access class is configured for the VTY line.
DellEMC(config-line-vty)#access-class sourcemac DellEMC(config-line-vty)#end Role-Based Access Control With Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), access and authorization is controlled based on a user’s role. Users are granted permissions based on their user roles, not on their individual user ID. User roles are created for job functions and through those roles they acquire the permissions to perform their associated job function.
NOTE: When you enter a user role, you have already been authenticated and authorized. You do not need to enter an enable password because you will be automatically placed in EXEC Priv mode. For greater security, the ability to view event, audit, and security system log is associated with user roles. For information about these topics, see Audit and Security Logs.
exec-timeout 0 0 line vty 0 login authentication test authorization exec test line vty 1 login authentication test authorization exec test To enable role-based only AAA authorization, enter the following command in Configuration mode: DellEMC(conf)#aaa authorization role-only System-Defined RBAC User Roles By default, the Dell EMC Networking OS provides 4 system defined user roles. You can create up to 8 additional user roles. NOTE: You cannot delete any system defined roles.
Creating a New User Role Instead of using the system defined user roles, you can create a new user role that best matches your organization. When you create a new user role, you can first inherit permissions from one of the system defined roles. Otherwise you would have to create a user role’s command permissions from scratch. You then restrict commands or add commands to that role NOTE: You can change user role permissions on system pre-defined user roles or user-defined user roles.
Modifying Command Permissions for Roles You can modify (add or delete) command permissions for newly created user roles and system defined roles using the role mode { { { addrole | deleterole } role-name } | reset } command command in Configuration mode. NOTE: You cannot modify system administrator command permissions. If you add or delete command permissions using the role command, those changes only apply to the specific user role. They do not apply to other roles that have inheritance from that role.
DellEMC(conf)#show role mode configure interface Role access: netadmin, secadmin, sysadmin Example: Verify that the Security Administrator Can Access Interface Mode The following example shows that the secadmin role can now access Interface mode (highlighted in bold).
The following example deletes a user role. NOTE: If you already have a user ID that exists with a privilege level, you can add the user role to username that has a privilege DellEMC(conf)# no username john The following example adds a user, to the secadmin user role. DellEMC(conf)# username john role secadmin password 0 password AAA Authentication and Authorization for Roles This section describes how to configure AAA Authentication and Authorization for Roles.
To configure AAA authorization, use the aaa authorization exec command in CONFIGURATION mode. The aaa authorization exec command determines which CLI mode the user will start in for their session; for example, Exec mode or Exec Privilege mode. For information about how to configure authentication for roles, see Configure AAA Authentication for Roles.
line vty 9 login authentication ucraaa authorization exec ucraaa accounting commands role netadmin ucraaa ! Configuring TACACS+ and RADIUS VSA Attributes for RBAC For RBAC and privilege levels, the Dell EMC Networking OS RADIUS and TACACS+ implementation supports two vendor-specific options: privilege level and roles. The Dell EMC Networking vendor-ID is 6027 and the supported option has attribute of type string, which is titled “Force10-avpair”.
Configuring AAA Accounting for Roles To configure AAA accounting for roles, use the aaa accounting command in CONFIGURATION mode. aaa accounting {system | exec | commands {level | role role-name}} {name | default} {start-stop | wait-start | stop-only} {tacacs+} Example of Configuring AAA Accounting for Roles The following example shows you how to configure AAA accounting to monitor commands executed by the users who have a secadmin user role.
netadmin secadmin sysadmin testadmin netadmin Exec Exec Exec Exec Config Interface Line Router IP Routemap Protocol MAC Config Config Interface Line Router IP Routemap Protocol MAC Config Interface Line Router IP Routemap Protocol MAC Displaying Role Permissions Assigned to a Command To display permissions assigned to a command, use the show role command in EXEC Privilege mode. The output displays the user role and or permission level.
• If the credentials are invalid, the authentication fails. NOTE: 2FA does not support RADIUS authentications done with REST, Web UI, and OMI. Handling Access-Challenge Message To provide a two-step verification in addition to the username and password, NAS prompts for additional information. An Access-Challenge request is sent from the RADIUS server to NAS.
This module requires NAS for handling the access challenge from the RADIUS server. NAS sends the input OTP in an Access-Request to the RADIUS server, and the user authentication succeeds or fails depending upon the Access-Accept or Access-Reject response received at NAS from the RADIUS server. Configuring the System to Drop Certain ICMP Reply Messages You can configure the Dell EMC Networking OS to drop ICMP reply messages.
Table 98.
Dell EMC Networking OS Security Hardening The security of a network consists of multiple factors. Apart from access to the device, best practices, and implementing various security features, security also lies with the integrity of the device. If the software itself is compromised, all of the aforementioned methods become ineffective. The Dell EMC Networking OS is enhanced verify whether the OS image and the startup configuration file are altered before loading.
After enabling and configuring OS image hash verification, the device verifies the hash checksum of the OS boot image during every reload. DellEMC# verified boot hash system-image A: 619A8C1B7A2BC9692A221E2151B9DA9E Image Verification for Subsequent OS Upgrades After enabling OS image hash verification, for subsequent Dell EMC Networking OS upgrades, you must enter the hash checksum of the new OS image file.
CONFIGURATION mode verified startup-config 2 Generate the hash checksum for your startup configuration file. EXEC Privilege generate hash {md5 | sha1 | sha256} {flash://filename | startup-config} 3 Verify the hash checksum of the current startup configuration on the local file system. EXEC Privilege verified boot hash startup—config hash-value NOTE: The verified boot hash command is only applicable for the startup configuration file in the local file system.
Locking Access to GRUB Interface You can configure the Dell EMC Networking OS to lock the GRUB interface using a password. If you configure a GRUB password, the system prompts for the password when you try to access the GRUB interface. CAUTION: After configuring the boot access password, save it to a secure location. If you forget it, you will not be able to access the options in the startup menu. If you forget both the boot access password and the enable password, the system may become inaccessible.
48 Service Provider Bridging Service provider bridging provides the ability to add a second VLAN ID tag in an Ethernet frame and is referred to as VLAN stacking in the Dell EMC Networking OS. VLAN Stacking VLAN stacking, also called Q-in-Q, is defined in IEEE 802.1ad — Provider Bridges, which is an amendment to IEEE 802.1Q — Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks. It enables service providers to use 802.
Figure 110. VLAN Stacking in a Service Provider Network Important Points to Remember • Interfaces that are members of the Default VLAN and are configured as VLAN-Stack access or trunk ports do not switch untagged traffic. To switch traffic, add these interfaces to a non-default VLAN-Stack-enabled VLAN. • Dell EMC Networking cautions against using the same MAC address on different customer VLANs, on the same VLAN-Stack VLAN.
3 Enabling VLAN-Stacking for a VLAN. Related Configuration Tasks • Configuring the Protocol Type Value for the Outer VLAN Tag • Configuring Dell EMC Networking OS Options for Trunk Ports • Debugging VLAN Stacking • VLAN Stacking in Multi-Vendor Networks Creating Access and Trunk Ports To create access and trunk ports, use the following commands. • Access port — a port on the service provider edge that directly connects to the customer. An access port may belong to only one service provider VLAN.
Enable VLAN-Stacking for a VLAN To enable VLAN-Stacking for a VLAN, use the following command. • Enable VLAN-Stacking for the VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode vlan-stack compatible Example of Viewing VLAN Stack Member Status To display the status and members of a VLAN, use the show vlan command from EXEC Privilege mode. Members of a VLAN-Stackingenabled VLAN are marked with an M in column Q.
[tagged | untagged] Example of Configuring a Trunk Port as a Hybrid Port and Adding it to Stacked VLANs In the following example, TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 is a trunk port that is configured as a hybrid port and then added to VLAN 100 as untagged VLAN 101 as tagged, and VLAN 103, which is a stacking VLAN.
VLAN Stacking in Multi-Vendor Networks The first field in the VLAN tag is the tag protocol identifier (TPID), which is 2 bytes. In a VLAN-stacking network, after the frame is double tagged, the outer tag TPID must match the TPID of the next-hop system. While 802.1Q requires that the inner tag TPID is 0x8100, it does not require a specific value for the outer tag TPID.
Figure 111.
Figure 112.
Figure 113. Single and Double-Tag TPID Mismatch VLAN Stacking Packet Drop Precedence VLAN stacking packet-drop precedence is supported on the switch. The drop eligible indicator (DEI) bit in the S-Tag indicates to a service provider bridge which packets it should prefer to drop when congested. Enabling Drop Eligibility Enable drop eligibility globally before you can honor or mark the DEI value. When you enable drop eligibility, DEI mapping or marking takes place according to the defaults.
Table 99. Drop Eligibility Behavior Ingress Egress DEI Disabled DEI Enabled Normal Port Normal Port Retain CFI Set CFI to 0. Trunk Port Trunk Port Retain inner tag CFI Retain inner tag CFI. Retain outer tag CFI Set outer tag CFI to 0. Retain inner tag CFI Retain inner tag CFI Set outer tag CFI to 0 Set outer tag CFI to 0 Access Port Trunk Port To enable drop eligibility globally, use the following command. • Make packets eligible for dropping based on their DEI value.
Marking Egress Packets with a DEI Value On egress, you can set the DEI value according to a different mapping than ingress. For ingress information, refer to Honoring the Incoming DEI Value. To mark egress packets, use the following command. • Set the DEI value on egress according to the color currently assigned to the packet.
NOTE: The ability to map incoming C-Tag dot1p to any S-Tag dot1p requires installing up to eight entries in the Layer 2 QoS and Layer 2 ACL table for each configured customer VLAN. The scalability of this feature is limited by the impact of the 1:8 expansion in these content addressable memory (CAM) tables.
• vman-qos-dual-fp: mark the S-Tag dot1p and queue the frame according to the S-Tag dot1p. This method requires twice as many CAM entries as vman-qos and FP blocks in multiples of 2. The default is: 0 FP blocks for vman-qos and vman-qos-dual-fp. 2 The new CAM configuration is stored in NVRAM and takes effect only after a save and reload. EXEC Privilege mode copy running-config startup-config 3 Reload the system. reload 4 Map C-Tag dot1p values to a S-Tag dot1p value.
Figure 115. VLAN Stacking without L2PT You might need to transport control traffic transparently through the intermediate network to the other region. Layer 2 protocol tunneling enables BPDUs to traverse the intermediate network by identifying frames with the Bridge Group Address, rewriting the destination MAC to a user-configured non-reserved address, and forwarding the frames.
Figure 116. VLAN Stacking with L2PT Implementation Information • L2PT is available for STP, RSTP, MSTP, and PVST+ BPDUs. • No protocol packets are tunneled when you enable VLAN stacking. • L2PT requires the default CAM profile. Enabling Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling To enable Layer 2 protocol tunneling, use the following command. 1 Verify that the system is running the default CAM profile. Use this CAM profile for L2PT.
show cam-profile 2 Enable protocol tunneling globally on the system. CONFIGURATION mode protocol-tunnel enable 3 Tunnel BPDUs the VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode protocol-tunnel stp Specifying a Destination MAC Address for BPDUs By default, Dell EMC Networking OS uses a Dell EMC Networking-unique MAC address for tunneling BPDUs. You can configure another value. To specify a destination MAC address for BPDUs, use the following command.
Debugging Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling To debug Layer 2 protocol tunneling, use the following command. • Display debugging information for L2PT. EXEC Privilege mode debug protocol-tunnel Provider Backbone Bridging IEEE 802.1ad—Provider Bridges amends 802.1Q—Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks so that service providers can use 802.1Q architecture to offer separate VLANs to customers with no coordination between customers, and minimal coordination between customers and the provider. 802.
49 sFlow sFlow is a standard-based sampling technology embedded within switches and routers which is used to monitor network traffic. It is designed to provide traffic monitoring for high-speed networks with many switches and routers.
hardware sampling rate is backed-off from 512 to 1024. Note that port 1 maintains its sampling rate of 16384; port 1 is unaffected because it maintains its configured sampling rate of 16384.: • If the interface states are up and the sampling rate is not configured on the port, the default sampling rate is calculated based on the line speed. • If the interface states are shut down, the sampling rate is set using the global sampling rate.
Egress Management Interface sFlow services are disabled Global default sampling rate: 32768 Global default counter polling interval: 20 Global default extended maximum header size: 128 bytes Global extended information enabled: switch 1 collectors configured Collector IP addr: 100.1.1.1, Agent IP addr: 1.1.1.
IP SA IP DA srcAS and srcPeerAS dstAS and dstPeerAS Description information in cases where the source and destination IP addresses are learned by different routing protocols, and for cases where is source is reachable over ECMP. BGP BGP Exported Exported Extended gateway data is packed. Enabling and Disabling sFlow on an Interface By default, sFlow is disabled on all interfaces. This CLI is supported on physical ports and link aggregation group (LAG) ports.
0 sFlow samples collected stack-unit 1 Port set 0 Hu 1/29: configured rate 131072, actual rate 131072 Example of viewing the sflow max-header-size extended on an Interface Mode DellEMC#show sflow interface hundredgigabitethernet 1/29 Hu 1/29 sFlow type :Ingress Configured sampling rate :131072 Actual sampling rate :131072 Counter polling interval :20 Extended max header size :256 Samples rcvd from h/w :0 Example of the show running-config sflow Command DellEMC#show running-config sflow ! sflow collector 100
Global default sampling rate: 32768 Global default counter polling interval: 20 Global default extended maximum header size: 128 bytes Global extended information enabled: none 1 collectors configured Collector IP addr: 100.1.1.1, Agent IP addr: 1.1.1.
UDP packets exported via RPM UDP packets dropped :0 :36 Configuring Specify Collectors The sflow collector command allows identification of sFlow collectors to which sFlow datagrams are forwarded. You can specify up to two sFlow collectors. If you specify two collectors, the samples are sent to both. • Identify sFlow collectors to which sFlow datagrams are forwarded.
50 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is designed to manage devices on IP networks by monitoring device operation, which might require administrator intervention. NOTE: On Dell EMC Networking routers, standard and private SNMP management information bases (MIBs) are supported, including all Get and a limited number of Set operations (such as set vlan and copy cmd).
• Manage VLANs using SNMP • Managing Overload on Startup • Enabling and Disabling a Port using SNMP • Fetch Dynamic MAC Entries using SNMP • Example of Deriving the Interface Index Number • Monitoring BGP sessions via SNMP • Monitor Port-Channels • Troubleshooting SNMP Operation • Transceiver Monitoring Protocol Overview Network management stations use SNMP to retrieve or alter management data from network elements.
Table 101.
• Reading Managed Object Values • Writing Managed Object Values • Subscribing to Managed Object Value Updates using SNMP • Copying Configuration Files via SNMP • Manage VLANs Using SNMP • Enabling and Disabling a Port using SNMP • Fetch Dynamic MAC Entries using SNMP • Deriving Interface Indices • Monitor Port-channels Important Points to Remember • Typically, 5-second timeout and 3-second retry values on an SNMP server are sufficient for both LAN and WAN applications.
! snmp-server community mycommunity ro Setting Up User-Based Security (SNMPv3) When setting up SNMPv3, you can set users up with one of the following three types of configuration for SNMP read/write operations. Users are typically associated to an SNMP group with permissions provided, such as OID view. • • • noauth — no password or privacy. Select this option to set up a user with no password or privacy privileges. This setting is the basic configuration.
Select a User-based Security Type DellEMC(conf)#snmp-server host 1.1.1.1 traps {oid tree} version 3 ? auth Use the SNMPv3 authNoPriv Security Level noauth Use the SNMPv3 noAuthNoPriv Security Level priv Use the SNMPv3 authPriv Security Level DellEMC(conf)#snmp-server host 1.1.1.1 traps {oid tree} version 3 noauth ? WORD SNMPv3 user name Reading Managed Object Values You may only retrieve (read) managed object values if your management station is a member of the same community as the SNMP agent.
Example of Writing the Value of a Managed Object > snmpset -v 2c -c mycommunity 10.11.131.161 sysName.0 s "R5" SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: R5 Configuring Contact and Location Information using SNMP You may configure system contact and location information from the Dell EMC Networking system or from the management station using SNMP. To configure system contact and location information from the Dell EMC Networking system and from the management station using SNMP, use the following commands.
• • • RFC 1157-defined traps — coldStart, warmStart, linkDown, linkUp, authenticationFailure, and egpNeighbborLoss. Dell EMC Networking enterpriseSpecific environment traps — fan, supply, and temperature. Dell EMC Networking enterpriseSpecific protocol traps — bgp, ecfm, stp, and xstp. To configure the system to send SNMP notifications, use the following commands. 1 Configure the Dell EMC Networking system to send notifications to an SNMP server.
LINECARDUP: %sLine card %d is up CARD_MISMATCH: Mismatch: line card %d is type %s - type %s required.
%ECFM-5-ECFM_MAC_STATUS_ALARM: MAC Status Defect detected by MEP 1 in Domain provider at Level 4 VLAN 3000 %ECFM-5-ECFM_REMOTE_ALARM: Remote CCM Defect detected by MEP 3 in Domain customer1 at Level 7 VLAN 1000 %ECFM-5-ECFM_RDI_ALARM: RDI Defect detected by MEP 3 in Domain customer1 at Level 7 VLAN 1000 entity Enable entity change traps Trap SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (1487406) 4:07:54.06, SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.47.2.0.1, SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.6.1.1.2.
MAJOR_TEMP: Major alarm: chassis temperature high (%s temperature reaches or exceeds threshold of %dC) MAJOR_TEMP_CLR: Major alarm cleared: chassis temperature lower (%s %d temperature is within threshold of %dC) envmon fan FAN_TRAY_BAD: Major alarm: fantray %d is missing or down FAN_TRAY_OK: Major alarm cleared: fan tray %d present FAN_BAD: Minor alarm: some fans in fan tray %d are down FAN_OK: Minor alarm cleared: all fans in fan tray %d are good vlt Enable VLT traps.
Enabling an SNMP Agent to Notify Syslog Server Failure You can configure a network device to send an SNMP trap if an audit processing failure occurs due to loss of connectivity with the syslog server. If a connectivity failure occurs on a syslog server that is configured for reliable transmission, an SNMP trap is sent and a message is displayed on the console.
Copy Configuration Files Using SNMP To do the following, use SNMP from a remote client. • copy the running-config file to the startup-config file • copy configuration files from the Dell EMC Networking system to a server • copy configuration files from a server to the Dell EMC Networking system You can perform all of these tasks using IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. The examples in this section use IPv4 addresses; however, you can substitute IPv6 addresses for the IPv4 addresses in all of the examples.
MIB Object OID Object Values Description copyDestFileLocation .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.5.1.1.1.1.6 1 = flash Specifies the location of destination file. 2 = slot0 • 3 = tftp 4 = ftp If copyDestFileLocation is FTP or SCP, you must specify copyServerAddress, copyUserName, and copyUserPassword. 5 = scp copyDestFileName .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.5.1.1.1.1.7 Path (if the file is not in the default directory) and filename. Specifies the name of destination file. copyServerAddress .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.5.1.1.
NOTE: You can use the entire OID rather than the object name. Use the form: OID.index i object-value. To view more information, use the following options in the snmpset command. • -c: View the community, either public or private. • -m: View the MIB files for the SNMP command. • -r: Number of retries using the option • -t: View the timeout. • -v: View the SNMP version (either 1, 2, 2c, or 3). The following examples show the snmpset command to copy a configuration.
FTOS-COPY-CONFIG-MIB::copySrcFileType.7 = INTEGER: runningConfig(3) FTOS-COPY-CONFIG-MIB::copyDestFileType.7 = INTEGER: startupConfig(2) The following example shows how to copy configuration files from a UNIX machine using OID. >snmpset -c public -v 2c 10.11.131.162 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.5.1.1.1.1.2.8 i 3 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.5.1.1.1.1.5.8 i 2 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.5.1.1.1.1.2.8 = INTEGER: 3 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.5.1.1.1.1.5.
Copy a Binary File to the Startup-Configuration To copy a binary file from the server to the startup-configuration on the Dell EMC Networking system via FTP, use the following command. • Copy a binary file from the server to the startup-configuration on the Dell EMC Networking system via FTP. snmpset -v 2c -c public -m ./f10-copy-config.mib force10system-ip-address copySrcFileType.index i 1 copySrcFileLocation.index i 4 copySrcFileName.index s filepath/ filename copyDestFileType.
MIB Object OID Values Description copy. The state is set to active when the copy is completed. Obtaining a Value for MIB Objects To obtain a value for any of the MIB objects, use the following command. • Get a copy-config MIB object value. snmpset -v 2c -c public -m ./f10-copy-config.mib force10system-ip-address [OID.index | mibobject.index] index: the index value used in the snmpset command used to complete the copy operation. NOTE: You can use the entire OID rather than the object name.
Viewing the Reason for Last System Reboot Using SNMP • To view the reason for last system reboot using SNMP, you can use any one of the applicable SNMP commands: The following example shows a sample output of the snmpwalk command to view the last reset reason. [DellEMC ~]$ snmpwalk -c public -v 2c 10.16.133.172 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.3.1.7 DELL-NETWORKING-CHASSIS-MIB::dellNetProcessorResetReason.stack.1.1 = STRING: Reboot by Software DELL-NETWORKING-CHASSIS-MIB::dellNetProcessorResetReason.stack.2.
MIB Support for 25G, 40G, 50G, 100G Optical Transceiver or DAC cable IDPROM user info Dell EMC Networking provides MIB objects to display the information for 25G, 40G, 50G, 100G Optical Transceiver or DAC cable IDPROM. The following table lists the related MIB objects, OID and description for the same: Table 107. MIB Objects to Display support for 25G, 40G, 50G, 100G Optical Transceiver or DAC cable IDPROM user info MIB Object OID Description dellNetIfTransceiverData 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.11.1.
DELL-NETWORKING-IF-EXTENSION-MIB::dellNetIfTransTransmitPowerLane2.2112517 = "" DELL-NETWORKING-IF-EXTENSION-MIB::dellNetIfTransTransmitPowerLane3.2112517 = "" DELL-NETWORKING-IF-EXTENSION-MIB::dellNetIfTransTransmitPowerLane4.2112517 = "" DELL-NETWORKING-IF-EXTENSION-MIB::dellNetIfTransReceivePowerLane1.2112517 = STRING: "-1.433315" dBm DELL-NETWORKING-IF-EXTENSION-MIB::dellNetIfTransReceivePowerLane2.2112517 = STRING: "0.051805" dBm DELL-NETWORKING-IF-EXTENSION-MIB::dellNetIfTransReceivePowerLane3.
MIB Object OID Description chSysCoresFileName 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.10.1.2.10.1.2 Contains the core file names and the file paths. chSysCoresTimeCreated 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.10.1.2.10.1.3 Contains the time at which core files are created. chSysCoresStackUnitNumber 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.10.1.2.10.1.4 Contains information that includes which stack unit or processor the core file was originated from. chSysCoresProcess 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.10.1.2.10.1.
Table 110. MIB Objects to Display the Information for PFC Storm Control MIB Object OID Description dellNetFpPfcStormControl 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.21 Index for the table. dellNetFpPfcStormControlStatus 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.21.1 Storm control status. dellNetFpPfcStormControlStatusTable 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1 Table to show counters of Pfc StormControl on per port per priority basis. dellNetFpPfcStormControlStatusEntry 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.3.2097157.5 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.3.2097157.6 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.3.2097413.5 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.3.2097413.6 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.3.2097669.5 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.3.2097669.6 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.3.2097925.5 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.3.2097925.6 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.21.1.1.1.4.2097157.
Table 111. MIB Objects to Display the Information for PFC no-drop-priority L2Dlf Drop MIB Object OID Description dellNetFpPfcL2DlfDropCounterTable 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.22 Table to show the drop counters of pfcnodrop-priority l2-dlf drop. dellNetFpPfcL2DlfDropCounterEntry 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.22.1 Table entry to show the drop counters of pfc-nodrop-priority l2-dlf drop. dellNetFpPfcL2DlfDropCounters 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.22.1.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.3.1.1.3 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.3.1.1.4 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.4.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.4.1.1.2 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.4.1.1.3 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.4.1.1.4 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.5.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.5.1.1.2 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.5.1.1.3 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.23.1.5.1.1.
• 33997973 is the count of green packet-drops (Green Drops). • 329629607 is the count of yellow packet-drops (Yellow Drops). • 31997973 is the count of red packet-drops (Out of Profile Drops). MIB Support to Display the Available Partitions on Flash Dell EMC Networking provides MIB objects to display the information of various partitions such as /flash, /tmp, /usr/pkg, and /f10/ConfD. The dellNetFlashStorageTable table contains the list of all partitions on disk.
.1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.2.3 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.2.4 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.2.5 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.3.1 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.3.2 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.3.3 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.3.4 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.3.5 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.4.1 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.4.2 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.4.3 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.4.4 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.4.5 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.26.1.4.8.1.5.1 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.
MIB Support to ECMP Group Count Dell EMC Networking OS provides MIB objects to display the information of the ECMP group count information. The following table lists the related MIB objects: Table 117. MIB Objects to display ECMP Group Count MIB Object OID Description dellNetInetCidrECMPGrpMax 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.9.1.6 Total CAM for ECMP group. dellNetInetCidrECMPGrpUsed 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.9.1.7 Used CAM for ECMP group. dellNetInetCidrECMPGrpAvl 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.9.1.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.9.1.1.4.10.1.1.0.24.0.0.0.0 = "" SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.9.1.1.4.10.1.1.1.32.1.4.10.1.1.1.1.4.10.1.1.1 = HexSTRING: 4C 76 25 F4 AB 02 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.9.1.1.4.10.1.1.2.32.1.4.127.0.0.1.1.4.127.0.0.1 = "" SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.9.1.1.4.20.1.1.0.24.0.0.0.0 = "" SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.9.1.1.4.20.1.1.1.32.1.4.20.1.1.1.1.4.20.1.1.1 = HexSTRING: 4C 76 25 F4 AB 02 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.9.1.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.10.1.1.4.100.100.100.0.24.1.4.30.1.1.1.1.4.30.1.1.1 = STRING: "Po 20" SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.11.1.1.4.10.1.1.0.24.0.0.0.0 = Gauge32: 0 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.11.1.1.4.10.1.1.1.32.1.4.10.1.1.1.1.4.10.1.1.1 = Gauge32: 0 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.11.1.1.4.10.1.1.2.32.1.4.127.0.0.1.1.4.127.0.0.1 = Gauge32: 0 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.11.1.1.4.20.1.1.0.24.0.0.0.0 = Gauge32: 0 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.9.1.5.1.
dellNetFpIngPortSTPnotFwdDrops 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.3 Packets dropped due to Spanning Tree State not in forwarding state. dellNetFpIngIPv4L3Discards 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.4 IPv4 L3 Discards dellNetFpIngPolicyDiscards 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.5 Packet dropped due to policy discards. dellNetFpIngPacketsDroppedByDELLNETFP 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.6 Packets dropped by forwarding plane. dellNetFpIngL2L3Drops 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.7 L2 L3 packets dropped.
dellNetFpWredOutOfProfileDrops 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.31 Wred Out-Of-Profile Drops Counter. Viewing the FEC BER Details • To view the FEC BER details using SNMP, use the following command: ~ $ snmpwalk -c public -v 2c 10.16.210.151 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.3.1.25 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.25.2097166 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.25.2097678 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.25.2098180 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.25.2098308 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.26.2103310 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.26.2103822 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.26.2104334 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.26.2104846 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.26.2105358 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.26.2105870 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.26.2106382 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.26.2106894 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.26.2107406 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.27.1.3.1.26.
MIB Support for entAliasMappingTable Dell EMC Networking provides a method to map the physical interface to its corresponding ifindex value. The entAliasMappingTable table contains zero or more rows, representing the logical entity mapping and physical component to external MIB identifiers. The following table lists the related MIB objects: Table 119. MIB Objects for entAliasMappingTable MIB Object OID Description entAliasMappingTable 1.3.6.1.2.1.47.1.3.
MIB Object OID Description dot3adAgg 1.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1 dot3adAggTable 1.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1 Contains information about every Aggregator that is associated with a system. dot3adAggEntry 1.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1 Contains a list of Aggregator parameters and indexed by the ifIndex of the Aggregator. dot3adAggMACAddress 1.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.1 Contains a six octet read–only value carrying the individual MAC address assigned to the Aggregator. dot3adAggActorSystemPriority 1.
MIB Object OID Description dot3adAggPortListPorts 1.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.2.1.1 Contains a complete set of ports currently associated with the Aggregator. Viewing the LAG MIB • To view the LAG MIB generated by the system, use the following command. snmpbulkget -v 2c -c LagMIB 10.16.148.157 1.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.1 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.1.1258356224 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.1.1258356736 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.2.1258356224 iso.2.840.10006.300.43.1.1.1.1.2.1258356736 iso.2.
iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.1.1.6.0.3161605.2 = INTEGER: 5 iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.1.1.6.0.4209668.6 = INTEGER: 5 iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.1.1.6.0.4210181.2 = INTEGER: 5 iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.1.1.6.0.9437185.2 = INTEGER: 5 iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.1.1.7.0.2113029.2 = STRING: "fortyGigE 1/50" iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.1.1.7.0.3161092.6 = STRING: "TenGigabitEthernEt 0/39" iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.1.1.7.0.3161605.2 = STRING: "fortyGigE 1/49" iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.1.1.7.0.4209668.6 = STRING: "TenGigabitEthernEt 0/40" iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.
Viewing the Details of Organizational Specific Unrecognized LLDP TLVs • To view the information of organizational specific unrecognized LLDP TLVs using SNMP, use the following commands. snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.16.150.83 1.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.4.1.4 iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.4.1.4.0.3161092.1.0.1.102.1.133 iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.4.1.4.0.3161092.1.0.1.102.2.134 iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.4.1.4.0.3161092.1.0.1.102.3.135 iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.4.1.4.0.3161092.1.0.1.102.4.136 iso.0.8802.1.1.2.1.4.4.1.4.0.3161092.1.0.1.102.5.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.7.1.1.3.1.12.1.1.3 = INTEGER: 0 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.7.1.1.3.1.12.1.1.4 = INTEGER: 0 snmpwalk -c public -v 2c 10.16.133.177 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.7.1.1.3.1.16 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.7.1.1.3.1.16.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.7.1.1.3.1.16.1.1.2 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.7.1.1.3.1.16.1.1.3 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.7.1.1.3.1.16.1.1.
NOTE: For the VLT-LAG interfaces, the snmp-server traps mac-notification command should be enabled on both the interfaces. If the command is configured only on one VLT node, then you cannot see any VLT mismatch in the system. The snmp-server traps mac-notification is not visible under ICL interface and no TRAPS are supported. Manage VLANs using SNMP The qBridgeMIB managed objects in Q-BRIDGE-MIB, defined in RFC 2674, allows you to use SNMP to manage VLANs.
NOTE: Whether adding a tagged or untagged port, specify values for both dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts and dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts. Example of Adding an Untagged Port to a VLAN using SNMP In the following example, Port 0/2 is added as an untagged member of VLAN 10. >snmpset -v2c -c mycommunity 10.11.131.185 .1.3.6.1.2.1.17.7.1.4.3.1.2.
To set time to wait till bgp session are up set 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.18.1.3 and 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.18.1.6 Enabling and Disabling a Port using SNMP To enable and disable a port using SNMP, use the following commands. 1 Create an SNMP community on the Dell system. CONFIGURATION mode snmp-server community 2 From the Dell EMC Networking system, identify the interface index of the port for which you want to change the admin status.
Each object comprises an OID concatenated with an instance number. In the case of these objects, the instance number is the decimal equivalent of the MAC address; derive the instance number by converting each hex pair to its decimal equivalent. For example, the decimal equivalent of E8 is 232, and so the instance number for MAC address 00:01:e8:06:95:ac is.0.1.232.6.149.172. The value of dot1dTpFdbPort is the port number of the port off which the system learns the MAC address.
MIB Objects for Viewing the System Image on Flash Partitions To view the system image on Flash Partition A, use the chSysSwInPartitionAImgVers object or, to view the system image on Flash Partition B, use the chSysSwInPartitionBImgVers object. Table 126. MIB Objects for Viewing the System Image on Flash Partitions MIB Object OID Description MIB chSysSwInPartitionAImgVers 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.10.1.2.8.1.11 List the version string of the system image in Flash Partition A.
• timers bgp 30 90 • neighbor 30.1.1.1 remote-as 200 • neighbor 30.1.1.1 no shutdown • exit-address-family To map the context to a VRF instance for SNMPv3, follow these steps: 1 2 Create a community and map a VRF to it. Create a context and map the context and community, to a community map.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.2.1.3.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.2.1.4.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.2.1.5.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.3.1.1.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.1 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.20.1.2.3.3.1.2.0.1.30.1.1.2.1.30.1.1.
SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.1.1.4.1.2 = STRING: "OSTATE_DN: Changed interface state Po 1" 2010-02-10 14:22:40 10.16.130.4 [10.16.130.4]: SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (8500932) 23:36:49.32 SNMPv2-MIB::snmpTrapOID.0 = IF-MIB::linkUp IF-MIB::ifIndex.33865785 = INTEGER: 33865785 SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises. 6027.3.1.1.4.1.2 = STRING: "OSTATE_UP: Changed interface state to up: Te 1/1/1" 2010-02-10 14:22:40 10.16.130.4 [10.16.130.4]: SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (8500934) 23:36:49.
Table 127. SNMP OIDs for Transceiver Monitoring Field (OID) Description SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.1 Device Name SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.2 Port SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.3 Optics Present SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.4 Optics Type SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.5 Vendor Name SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.6 Part Number SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.1.3.1.1.7 Serial Number SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.11.
51 Storm Control Storm control allows you to control unknown-unicast, muticast, and broadcast traffic on Layer 2 and Layer 3 physical interfaces. Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS) Behavior: Dell EMC Networking OS supports unknown-unicast, muticast, and broadcast control for Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic. To view the storm control broadcast configuration show storm-control broadcast | multicast | unknown-unicast | pfc-llfc[interface] command.
• The storm control is calculated in packets per second. • Configure storm control. • INTERFACE mode Configure the packets per second of broadcast traffic allowed on an interface (ingress only). INTERFACE mode storm-control broadcast packets_per_second in • Configure the packets per second of multicast traffic allowed on C-Series or S-Series interface (ingress only) network only.
Detect PFC Storm The following section explains the procedure to detect the PFC storm. You can detect the PFC storm by polling the lossless queues in a port or priority periodically. When the queue depth is not equal to zero or when the queue has traffic after subsequent number of polling, then the port or priority is detected to have the PFC storm. • • • Use the polling—interval {interval in milli-seconds} command to set the polling interval. The queue traffic and egress counters are polled.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Te 0/0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 Te 0/1 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 Te 0/2 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 Te 0/3 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 Te 0/4 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 Te 0/5 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 Te 0/80 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 DellEMC# 934 Storm Control
52 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) The spanning tree protocol (STP) is supported on Dell EMC Networking OS.
Configure Spanning Tree Configuring spanning tree is a two-step process.
Configuring Interfaces for Layer 2 Mode All interfaces on all switches that participate in spanning tree must be in Layer 2 mode and enabled. Figure 117. Example of Configuring Interfaces for Layer 2 Mode To configure and enable the interfaces for Layer 2, use the following command. 1 If the interface has been assigned an IP address, remove it. INTERFACE mode no ip address 2 Place the interface in Layer 2 mode. INTERFACE switchport 3 Enable the interface.
Example of the show config Command To verify that an interface is in Layer 2 mode and enabled, use the show config command from INTERFACE mode. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 no ip address switchport no shutdown DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)# Enabling Spanning Tree Protocol Globally Enable the spanning tree protocol globally; it is not enabled by default.
no disable Examples of Verifying Spanning Tree Information To disable STP globally for all Layer 2 interfaces, use the disable command from PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode. To verify that STP is enabled, use the show config command from PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode.
Adding an Interface to the Spanning Tree Group To add a Layer 2 interface to the spanning tree topology, use the following command. • Enable spanning tree on a Layer 2 interface. INTERFACE mode spanning-tree 0 Modifying Global Parameters You can modify the spanning tree parameters. The root bridge sets the values for forward-delay, hello-time, and max-age and overwrites the values set on other bridges participating in STP.
PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode hello-time seconds NOTE: With large configurations (especially those with more ports) Dell EMC Networking recommends increasing the hellotime. The range is from 1 to 10. • the default is 2 seconds. Change the max-age parameter (the refresh interval for configuration information that is generated by recomputing the spanning tree topology). PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode max-age seconds The range is from 6 to 40. The default is 20 seconds.
Enabling PortFast The PortFast feature enables interfaces to begin forwarding traffic approximately 30 seconds sooner. Interfaces forward frames by default until they receive a BPDU that indicates that they should behave otherwise; they do not go through the Learning and Listening states. The bpduguard shutdown-on-violation option causes the interface hardware to be shut down when it receives a BPDU.
• When you add a physical port to a port channel already in the Error Disable state, the new member port is also disabled in the hardware. • When you remove a physical port from a port channel in the Error Disable state, the Error Disabled state is cleared on this physical port (the physical port is enabled in the hardware). • You can clear the Error Disabled state with any of the following methods: – Perform a shutdown command on the interface.
Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Interface Name PortID Prio ------------ -------Te 1/6/1 128.263 128 Te 1/7/1 128.264 128 Designated Cost Sts Cost Bridge ID PortID ---- ------- --- ------- -------------------20000 FWD 20000 32768 0001.e805.fb07 128.653 20000 EDS 20000 32768 0001.e85d.0e90 128.264 Interface Name Role PortID Prio Cost Sts Cost Link-type Edge ------------ ------ -------- ---- ------- --- ---------------Te 1/6/1 Root 128.263 128 20000 FWD 20000 P2P No Te 1/7/1 ErrDis 128.
Root Guard Scenario For example, as shown in the following illustration (STP topology 1, upper left) Switch A is the root bridge in the network core. Switch C functions as an access switch connected to an external device. The link between Switch C and Switch B is in a Blocking state. The flow of STP BPDUs is shown in the illustration. In STP topology 2 (shown in the upper right), STP is enabled on device D on which a software bridge application is started to connect to the network.
– Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) – Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) – Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) – Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+) • When enabled on a port, root guard applies to all VLANs configured on the port. • You cannot enable root guard and loop guard at the same time on an STP port. For example, if you configure root guard on a port on which loop guard is already configured, the following error message displays: • % Error: LoopGuard is configured. Cannot configure RootGuard.
Example of Configuring all Spanning Tree Types to be Hitless DellEMC(conf)#redundancy protocol xstp DellEMC#show running-config redundancy ! redundancy protocol xstp DellEMC# STP Loop Guard The STP loop guard feature provides protection against Layer 2 forwarding loops (STP loops) caused by a hardware failure, such as a cable failure or an interface fault.
Figure 121. STP Loop Guard Prevents Forwarding Loops Configuring Loop Guard Enable STP loop guard on a per-port or per-port channel basis. The following conditions apply to a port enabled with loop guard: • Loop guard is supported on any STP-enabled port or port-channel interface.
• Enabling Portfast BPDU guard and loop guard at the same time on a port results in a port that remains in a blocking state and prevents traffic from flowing through it. For example, when Portfast BPDU guard and loop guard are both configured: – If a BPDU is received from a remote device, BPDU guard places the port in an Err-Disabled Blocking state and no traffic is forwarded on the port.
53 SupportAssist SupportAssist sends troubleshooting data securely to Dell. SupportAssist in this Dell EMC Networking OS release does not support automated email notification at the time of hardware fault alert, automatic case creation, automatic part dispatch, or reports. SupportAssist requires Dell EMC Networking OS 9.9(0.0) and SmartScripts 9.7 or later to be installed on the Dell EMC Networking device. For more information on SmartScripts, see Dell EMC Networking Open Automation guide. Figure 122.
Configuring SupportAssist Using a Configuration Wizard You are guided through a series of queries to configure SupportAssist. The generated commands are added to the running configuration, including the DNS resolve commands, if configured. This command starts the configuration wizard for the SupportAssist. At any time, you can exit by entering Ctrl-C. If necessary, you can skip some data entry. Enable the SupportAssist service.
making such transfers, Dell shall ensure appropriate protection is in place to safeguard the Collected Data being transferred in connection with SupportAssist. If you are downloading SupportAssist on behalf of a company or other legal entity, you are further certifying to Dell that you have appropriate authority to provide this consent on behalf of that entity.
support-assist activity {full-transfer | core-transfer} start now DellEMC#support-assist activity full-transfer start now DellEMC#support-assist activity core-transfer start now Configuring SupportAssist Activity SupportAssist Activity mode allows you to configure and view the action-manifest file for a specific activity. To configure SupportAssist activity, use the following commands. 1 Move to the SupportAssist Activity mode for an activity.
action-manifest remove DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-full-transfer)#action-manifest remove custom_file1.json DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-full-transfer)# DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-event-transfer)#action-manifest remove custom_event_file1.json DellEMC(conf-supportassist-act-event-transfer)# 6 Enable a specific SupportAssist activity. By default, the full transfer includes the core files. When you disable the core transfer activity, the full transfer excludes the core files.
Configuring SupportAssist Person SupportAssist Person mode allows you to configure name, email addresses, phone, method and time zone for contacting the person. SupportAssist Person configurations are optional for the SupportAssist service. To configure SupportAssist person, use the following commands. 1 Configure the contact name for an individual.
[no] server server-name DellEMC(conf-supportassist)#server default DellEMC(conf-supportassist-serv-default)# 2 Configure a proxy for reaching the SupportAssist remote server. SUPPORTASSIST SERVER mode [no] proxy-ip-address {ipv4-address | ipv6-address}port port-number [ username userid password [encryption-type] password ] DellEMC(conf-supportassist-serv-default)#proxy-ip-address 10.0.0.
show running-config support-assist DellEMC# show running-config support-assist ! support-assist enable all ! activity event-transfer enable action-manifest install default ! activity core-transfer enable ! contact-company name Dell street-address F lane , Sector 30 address city Brussels state HeadState country Belgium postalcode S328J3 ! contact-person first Fred last Nash email-address primary des@sed.com alternate sed@dol.
54 System Time and Date System time and date settings and the network time protocol (NTP) are supported on Dell EMC Networking OS. You can set system times and dates and maintained through the NTP. They are also set through the Dell EMC Networking Operating System (OS) command line interfaces (CLIs) and hardware settings. The Dell EMC Networking OS supports reaching an NTP server through different VRFs. You can configure a maximum of eight logging servers across different VRFs or the same VRF.
Following conventions established by the telephone industry [BEL86], the accuracy of each server is defined by a number called the stratum, with the topmost level (primary servers) assigned as one and each level downwards (secondary servers) in the hierarchy assigned as one greater than the preceding level. Dell EMC Networking OS synchronizes with a time-serving host to get the correct time. You can set Dell EMC Networking OS to poll specific NTP time-serving hosts for the current time.
Related Configuration Tasks • Configuring NTP Broadcasts • Disabling NTP on an Interface • Configuring a Source IP Address for NTP Packets (optional) Enabling NTP NTP is disabled by default. To enable NTP, specify an NTP server to which the Dell EMC Networking system synchronizes. To specify multiple servers, enter the command multiple times. You may specify an unlimited number of servers at the expense of CPU resources. • Specify the NTP server to which the Dell EMC Networking system synchronizes.
Disabling NTP on an Interface By default, NTP is enabled on all active interfaces. If you disable NTP on an interface, Dell EMC Networking OS drops any NTP packets sent to that interface. To disable NTP on an interface, use the following command. • Disable NTP on the interface. INTERFACE mode ntp disable To view whether NTP is configured on the interface, use the show config command in INTERFACE mode. If ntp disable is not listed in the show config command output, NTP is enabled.
startup-configuration from an Dell EMC Networking OS version in which you have configured ntp authentication-key, the system cannot correctly decrypt the key and cannot authenticate the NTP packets. In this case, re-enter this command and save the runningconfig to the startup-config. To configure NTP authentication, use the following commands. 1 Enable NTP authentication. CONFIGURATION mode ntp authenticate 2 Set an authentication key.
Examples of Configuring and Viewing an NTP Configuration The following example shows configuring an NTP server. Dell EMC(conf)#show running-config ntp ! ntp master ntp server 10.16.127.44 ntp server 10.16.127.86 ntp server 10.16.127.144 Dell EMC (conf)# Dell EMC#show ntp associations remote vrf-Id ref clock st when poll reach delay offset disp ==================================================================================== LOCAL(0) 0 .LOCL. 7 7 16 7 0.000 0.000 0.002 10.16.127.86 0 10.16.127.
ntp authenticate ntp authentication-key 345 md5 5A60910F3D211F02 ntp server 11.1.1.1 version 3 ntp trusted-key 345 DellEMC# Configuring NTP control key password The Network Time Protocal daemon (NTPD) design uses NTPQ to configure NTPD. NTP control key supports encrypted and unencrypted password options. The ntp control-key- passwd command authenticates NTPQ packets.
Setting the Time and Date for the Switch Software Clock You can change the order of the month and day parameters to enter the time and date as time day month year. You cannot delete the software clock. The software clock runs only when the software is up. The clock restarts, based on the hardware clock, when the switch reboots. To set the software clock, use the following command. • Set the system software clock to the current time and date.
Set Daylight Saving Time Dell EMC Networking OS supports setting the system to daylight saving time once or on a recurring basis every year. Setting Daylight Saving Time Once Set a date (and time zone) on which to convert the switch to daylight saving time on a one-time basis. To set the clock for daylight savings time once, use the following command. • Set the clock to the appropriate timezone and daylight saving time.
– time-zone: Enter the three-letter name for the time zone. This name displays in the show clock output. – start-week: (OPTIONAL) Enter one of the following as the week that daylight saving begins and then enter values for startday through end-time: ◦ week-number: Enter a number from 1 to 4 as the number of the week in the month to start daylight saving time. ◦ first: Enter the keyword first to start daylight saving time in the first week of the month.
55 Tunneling Tunnel interfaces create a logical tunnel for IPv4 or IPv6 traffic. Tunneling supports RFC 2003, RFC 2473, and 4213. DSCP, hop-limits, flow label values, open shortest path first (OSPF) v2, and OSPFv3 are supported. Internet control message protocol (ICMP) error relay, PATH MTU transmission, and fragmented packets are not supported.
DellEMC(conf-if-tu-2)#show config ! interface Tunnel 2 no ip address ipv6 address 2::1/64 tunnel destination 90.1.1.1 tunnel source 60.1.1.1 tunnel mode ipv6ip no shutdown The following sample configuration shows a tunnel configured in IPIP mode (IPv4 tunnel carries IPv4 and IPv6 traffic): DellEMC(conf)#interface tunnel 3 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-3)#tunnel source 5::5 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-3)#tunnel destination 8::9 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-3)#tunnel mode ipv6 DellEMC(conf-if-tu-3)#ip address 3.1.1.
Configuring a Tunnel Interface You can configure the tunnel interface using the ip unnumbered and ipv6 unnumbered commands. To configure the tunnel interface to operate without a unique explicit IP or IPv6 address, select the interface from which the tunnel borrows its address. The following sample configuration shows how to use the interface tunnel configuration commands. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 ip address 20.1.1.
Configuring Tunnel source anylocal Decapsulation The tunnel source anylocal command allows a multipoint receive-only tunnel to decapsulate tunnel packets addressed to any IPv4 or IPv6 (depending on the tunnel mode) address configured on the switch that is operationally UP. The source anylocal parameters can be used for packet decapsulation instead of the ip address or interface (tunnel allowremote command), but only on multipoint receive-only mode tunnels.
56 Uplink Failure Detection (UFD) Uplink failure detection (UFD) provides detection of the loss of upstream connectivity and, if used with network interface controller (NIC) teaming, automatic recovery from a failed link. Feature Description A switch provides upstream connectivity for devices, such as servers. If a switch loses its upstream connectivity, downstream devices also lose their connectivity.
Figure 124. Uplink Failure Detection How Uplink Failure Detection Works UFD creates an association between upstream and downstream interfaces. The association of uplink and downlink interfaces is called an uplink-state group. An interface in an uplink-state group can be a physical interface or a port-channel (LAG) aggregation of physical interfaces. An enabled uplink-state group tracks the state of all assigned upstream interfaces.
Figure 125. Uplink Failure Detection Example If only one of the upstream interfaces in an uplink-state group goes down, a specified number of downstream ports associated with the upstream interface are put into a Link-Down state. You can configure this number and is calculated by the ratio of the upstream port bandwidth to the downstream port bandwidth in the same uplink-state group.
• If one of the upstream interfaces in an uplink-state group goes down, either a user-configurable set of downstream ports or all the downstream ports in the group are put in an Operationally Down state with an UFD Disabled error. The order in which downstream ports are disabled is from the lowest numbered port to the highest.
NOTE: Downstream interfaces in an uplink-state group are put into a Link-Down state with an UFD-Disabled error message only when all upstream interfaces in the group go down. To revert to the default setting, use the no downstream disable links command. 4 (Optional) Enable auto-recovery so that UFD-disabled downstream ports in the uplink-state group come up when a disabled upstream port in the group comes back up.
Example of Syslog Messages Before and After Entering the clear ufd-disable uplink-state-group Command (S50) The following example message shows the Syslog messages that display when you clear the UFD-Disabled state from all disabled downstream interfaces in an uplink-state group by using the clear ufd-disable uplink-state-group group-id command. All downstream interfaces return to an operationally up state.
– For a 50-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fiftyGigE then the slot/port/subport information. – For a 100-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword hundredGigE then the slot/port/subport information. – For a port channel interface, enter the keywords port-channel then a number. • If a downstream interface in an uplink-state group is disabled (Oper Down state) by uplink-state tracking because an upstream port is down, the message error-disabled[UFD] displays in the output.
uplink-state-group 16 no enable description test downstream disable links all downstream TenGigabitEthernet 1/21/1 upstream TenGigabitEthernet 1/22/1 upstream Port-channel 8 Sample Configuration: Uplink Failure Detection The following example shows a sample configuration of UFD on a switch/router in which you configure as follows. • Configure uplink-state group 3. • Add downstream links Tengigabitethernet 1/1/1, 1/2/1, 1/5/1, 1/9/1, 1/11/1, and 1/12/1.
57 Upgrade Procedures To find the upgrade procedures, go to the Dell EMC Networking OS Release Notes for your system type to see all the requirements needed to upgrade to the desired Dell EMC Networking OS version. To upgrade your system type, follow the procedures in the Dell EMC Networking OS Release Notes. You can download the release notes of your platform at http://www.force10networks.com. Use your login ID to log in to the website.
58 Virtual LANs (VLANs) Virtual LANs (VLANs) are a logical broadcast domain or logical grouping of interfaces in a local area network (LAN) in which all data received is kept locally and broadcast to all members of the group. When in Layer 2 mode, VLANs move traffic at wire speed and can span multiple devices. The system supports up to 4093 port-based VLANs and one default VLAN, as specified in IEEE 802.1Q.
Default VLAN When you configure interfaces for Layer 2 mode, they are automatically placed in the Default VLAN as untagged interfaces. Only untagged interfaces can belong to the Default VLAN. The following example displays the outcome of placing an interface in Layer 2 mode. To configure an interface for Layer 2 mode, use the switchport command.
VLANs and Port Tagging To add an interface to a VLAN, the interface must be in Layer 2 mode. After you place an interface in Layer 2 mode, the interface is automatically placed in the Default VLAN. supports IEEE 802.1Q tagging at the interface level to filter traffic. When you enable tagging, a tag header is added to the frame after the destination and source MAC addresses. That information is preserved as the frame moves through the network.
• Configure a port-based VLAN (if the VLAN-ID is different from the Default VLAN ID) and enter INTERFACE VLAN mode. CONFIGURATION mode interface vlan vlan-id To activate the VLAN, after you create a VLAN, assign interfaces in Layer 2 mode to the VLAN. Example of Verifying a Port-Based VLAN To view the configured VLANs, use the show vlan command in EXEC Privilege mode.
Codes: * - Default VLAN, G - GVRP VLANs NUM Status Q * 1 Inactive 2 Active T T 3 Active T T Ports Po1(So 0/0-1) Te 1/1/1 Po1(So 0/0-1) Te 1/2/1 DellEMC#config DellEMC(conf)#interface vlan 4 DellEMC(conf-if-vlan)#tagged po 1 DellEMC(conf-if-vlan)#show conf ! interface Vlan 4 no ip address tagged Port-channel 1 DellEMC(conf-if-vlan)#end DellEMC#show vlan Codes: * - Default VLAN, G - GVRP VLANs NUM Status Q * 1 Inactive 2 Active T T 3 Active T T 4 Active T Ports Po1(So 0/0-1) Te 1/1/1 Po1(So 0/0-1) Te 1/2/1
Codes: * - Default VLAN, G - GVRP VLANs NUM * 1 2 Status Active Active 3 Active Q U T T T T Ports Te 1/2/1 Po1(So 0/0-1) Te 1/3/1 Po1(So 0/0-1) Te 1/1/1 4 Inactive DellEMC#conf DellEMC(conf)#interface vlan 4 DellEMC(conf-if-vlan)#untagged tengigabitethernet 1/2/1 DellEMC(conf-if-vlan)#show config ! interface Vlan 4 no ip address untagged TenGigabitEthernet 1/2/1 DellEMC(conf-if-vlan)#end DellEMC#show vlan Codes: * - Default VLAN, G - GVRP VLANs NUM * 1 2 3 4 Status Q Inactive Active T T Active T T Ac
Native VLAN support breaks this barrier so that you can connect a port to both VLAN-aware and VLAN-unaware stations. Such ports are referred to as hybrid ports. Physical and port-channel interfaces may be hybrid ports. Native VLAN is useful in deployments where a Layer 2 port can receive both tagged and untagged traffic on the same physical port. The classic example is connecting a voice-over-IP (VOIP) phone and a PC to the same port of the switch.
59 Virtual Link Trunking (VLT) Virtual link trunking (VLT) is a Dell EMC technology that provides two Dell EMC switches the ability to function as a single switch. VLT allows physical links between two Dell EMC switches to appear as a single virtual link to the network core or other switches such as Edge, Access, or top-of-rack (ToR). As a result, the two physical switches appear as a single switch to the connected devices.
Figure 128. VLT providing multipath VLT reduces the role of spanning tree protocols (STPs) by allowing link aggregation group (LAG) terminations on two separate distribution or core switches and supporting a loop-free topology. To prevent the initial loop that may occur prior to VLT being established, use a spanning tree protocol. After VLT is established, you may use rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) to prevent loops from forming with new links that are incorrectly connected and outside the VLT domain.
Figure 129. Example of VLT Deployment VLT offers the following benefits: • Allows a single device to use a LAG across two upstream devices. • Eliminates STP-blocked ports. • Provides a loop-free topology. • Uses all available uplink bandwidth. • Provides fast convergence if either the link or a device fails. • Optimized forwarding with virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP). • Provides link-level resiliency. • Assures high availability. • Active-Active load sharing with VRRP.
VLT Terminology The following are key VLT terms. • Virtual link trunk (VLT) — The combined port channel between an attached device and the VLT peer switches. • VLT backup link — The backup link monitors the connectivity between the VLT peer switches. The backup link sends configurable, periodic keep alive messages between the VLT peer switches. • VLT interconnect (VLTi) — The link used to synchronize states between the VLT peer switches. Both ends must be on 10G, 25G, 40G, 50G, or 100G interfaces.
Layer-2 Traffic in VLT Domains In a VLT domain, the MAC address of any host connected to the VLT peers is synchronized between the VLT nodes. In the following example, VLAN 10 is spanned across three VLT domains. Figure 130. Layer-2 Traffic in VLT Domains If Host 1 from a VLT domain sends a frame to Host 2 in another VLT domain, the frame can use any link shown to reach Host 2.
30 30 30 30 30 30 a0:00:a1:00:00:07 a0:00:a1:00:00:08 a0:00:a1:00:00:09 a0:00:a1:00:00:0a a0:00:a1:00:00:0b a0:00:a1:00:00:0c Dynamic Dynamic Dynamic Dynamic Dynamic Dynamic (N) Po 11 Active (N) Po 11 Active (N) Po 11 Active (N) Po 11 Active (N) Po 11 Active Po 11 Active VLT-10-PEER-2#show vlt statistics mac VLT MAC Statistics -------------------L2 Info Pkts sent:0, L2 Mac-sync Pkts Sent:7 L2 Info Pkts Rcvd:0, L2 Mac-sync Pkts Rcvd:9 L2 Reg Request sent:0 L2 Reg Request rcvd:0 L2 Reg Response sent:0 L2
Figure 131. VLT on Core Switches The aggregation layer is mostly in the L2/L3 switching/routing layer. For better resiliency in the aggregation, Dell EMC Networking recommends running the internal gateway protocol (IGP) on the VLTi VLAN to synchronize the L3 routing table across the two nodes on a VLT system. Enhanced VLT Enhanced VLT (eVLT)) refers to the ability to connect two VLT domains.
Figure 132. Enhanced VLT Configure Virtual Link Trunking VLT requires that you enable the feature and then configure the same VLT domain, backup link, and VLT interconnect on both peer switches. Important Points to Remember • • • • • • • • • • • You cannot enable stacking simultaneously with VLT. If you enable both at the same time, unexpected behavior can occur. VLT port channel interfaces must be switch ports. If you include RSTP on the system, configure it before VLT.
• BMP uses untagged dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) packets to communicate with the DHCP server. • o disable this feature on VLT and port channels, use no lacp ungroup member-independent {vlt | port-channel} command under the configuration mode. • When you enable IGMP snooping on the VLT peers, ensure the value of the delay-restore command is not less than the query interval.
– A VLT domain supports two chassis members, which appear as a single logical device to network access devices connected to VLT ports through a port channel. – A VLT domain consists of the two core chassis, the interconnect trunk, backup link, and the LAG members connected to attached devices. – Each VLT domain has a unique MAC address that you create or VLT creates automatically. – ARP tables are synchronized between the VLT peer nodes.
– If the size of the MTU for VLTi members is less than 1496 bytes, MAC addresses may not synchronize between VLT peers. Dell EMC Networking does not recommend using an MTU size lower than the default of 1554 bytes for VLTi members. • VLT backup link – In the backup link between peer switches, heartbeat messages are exchanged between the two chassis for health checks. The default time interval between heartbeat messages over the backup link is 1 second. You can configure this interval.
• Software features supported on VLT physical ports – In a VLT domain, the following software features are supported on VLT physical ports: 802.1p, LLDP, flow control, IPv6 dynamic routing, port monitoring, DHCP snooping, and jumbo frames. • Software features not supported with VLT – In a VLT domain, the following software features are not supported on VLT ports: 802.1x, GVRP, and BFD.
RSTP and VLT VLT provides loop-free redundant topologies and does not require RSTP. RSTP can cause temporary port state blocking and may cause topology changes after link or node failures. Spanning tree topology changes are distributed to the entire layer 2 network, which can cause a network-wide flush of learned MAC and ARP addresses, requiring these addresses to be re-learned. However, enabling RSTP can detect potential loops caused by non-system issues such as cabling errors or incorrect configurations.
VLT IPv6 The following features have been enhanced to support IPv6: • VLT Sync — Entries learned on the VLT interface are synced on both VLT peers. • Non-VLT Sync — Entries learned on non-VLT interfaces are synced on both VLT peers. • Tunneling — Control information is associated with tunnel traffic so that the appropriate VLT peer can mirror the ingress port as the VLT interface rather than pointing to the VLT peer’s VLTi link.
Figure 133. PIM-Sparse Mode Support on VLT On each VLAN where the VLT peer nodes act as the first hop or last hop routers, one of the VLT peer nodes is elected as the PIM designated router. If you configured IGMP snooping along with PIM on the VLT VLANs, you must configure VLTi as the static multicast router port on both VLT peer switches. This ensures that for first hop routers, the packets from the source are redirected to the designated router (DR) if they are incorrectly hashed.
Each VLT peer runs its own PIM protocol independently of other VLT peers. To ensure the PIM protocol states or multicast routing information base (MRIB) on the VLT peers are synced, if the incoming interface (IIF) and outgoing interface (OIF) are Spanned, the multicast route table is synced between the VLT peers. To verify the PIM neighbors on the VLT VLAN and on the multicast port, use the show ip pim neighbor, show ip igmp snooping mrouter, and show running config commands.
Figure 134. Packets without peer routing enabled If you enable peer routing, a VLT node acts as a proxy gateway for its connected VLT peer as shown in the image below. Even though the gateway address of the packet is different, Peer-1 routes the packet to its destination on behalf of Peer-2 to avoid sub-optimal routing. Figure 135. Packets with peer routing enabled Benefits of Peer Routing • • Avoids sub-optimal routing • Reduces latency by avoiding another hop in the traffic path.
• You can reduce the number of VLTi port channel members based on your specific design. With peer routing, you need not configure VRRP for the participating VLANs. As both VLT nodes act as a gateway for its peer, irrespective of the gateway IP address, the traffic flows upstream without any latency. There is no limitation for the number of VLANS. VLT Unicast Routing VLT unicast routing is a type of VLT peer routing that locally routes unicast packets destined for the L3 endpoint of the VLT peer.
The advantages of syncing the multicast routes between VLT peers are: • VLT resiliency — After a VLT link or peer failure, if the traffic hashes to the VLT peer, the traffic continues to be routed using multicast until the PIM protocol detects the failure and adjusts the multicast distribution tree. • Optimal routing — The VLT peer that receives the incoming traffic can directly route traffic to all downstream routers connected on VLT ports.
RSTP Configuration RSTP is supported in a VLT domain. Before you configure VLT on peer switches, configure RSTP in the network. RSTP is required for initial loop prevention during the VLT startup phase. You may also use RSTP for loop prevention in the network outside of the VLT port channel. For information about how to configure RSTP, Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). Run RSTP on both VLT peer switches.
Configure RSTP on VLT peers to prevent forwarding loops—VLT peer 1 Dell_VLTpeer1(conf)#protocol spanning-tree rstp Dell_VLTpeer1(conf-rstp)#no disable Dell_VLTpeer1(conf-rstp)#bridge-priority 4096 Configure RSTP on VLT peers to prevent forwarding loops—VLT peer 2 Dell_VLTpeer2(conf)#protocol spanning-tree rstp Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-rstp)#no disable Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-rstp)#bridge-priority 0 NOTE: When you remove the VLT configuration, RSTP is recommended as a backup solution to avoid spanning—tree loops.
Enter the same port-channel number configured with the peer-link port-channel command as described in Enabling VLT and Creating a VLT Domain. NOTE: To be included in the VLTi, the port channel must be in Default mode (no switchport or VLAN assigned). 2 Remove any IP address from the interface if already present. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode no ip address 3 Add one or more port interfaces to the port channel.
You can optionally specify the time interval used to send hello messages. The range is from 1 to 5 seconds. 3 Configure the port channel to be used as the VLT interconnect between VLT peers in the domain. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode peer-link port-channel id-number 4 Enable peer routing. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode peer-routing If you enable peer routing, a VLT node acts as the proxy gateway for its peer.
4 Configure a VLT backup link using the IPv4 or IPv6 address of the VLT peer’s management interface. MANAGEMENT INTERFACE mode back-up destination {ip address ipv4-address/ mask | ipv6 address ipv6-address/ mask} 5 Repeat Steps 1 to 4 on the VLT peer switch. To set an amount of time, in seconds, to delay the system from restoring the VLT port, use the delay-restore command at any time. For more information, refer to VLT Port Delayed Restoration.
Use this command to minimize the time required for the VLT system to synchronize the default MAC address of the VLT domain on both peer switches when one peer switch reboots. 4 (Optional) When you create a VLT domain on a switch, Dell EMC Networking OS automatically assigns a unique unit ID (0 or 1) to each peer switch. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode unit-id {0 | 1} To explicitly configure the default values on each peer switch, use the unit-id command.
vlt-peer-lag port-channel id-number 7 Repeat Steps 1 to 6 on the VLT peer switch to configure the same port channel as part of the VLT domain. 8 On an attached switch or server: To connect to the VLT domain and add port channels to it, configure a port channel. For an example of how to verify the port-channel configuration, refer to VLT Sample Configuration.
vlt domain domain-id The range of domain IDs is from 1 to 1000. 4 Enter the port-channel number that acts as the interconnect trunk. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode peer-link port-channel id-number 5 Configure the IP address of the management interface on the remote VLT peer to be used as the endpoint of the VLT backup link for sending out-of-band hello messages.
INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode no shutdown 12 Add links to the eVLT port. Configure a range of interfaces to bulk configure. CONFIGURATION mode interface range {port-channel id} 13 Enable LACP on the LAN port. INTERFACE mode port-channel-protocol lacp 14 Configure the LACP port channel mode. INTERFACE mode port-channel number mode [active] 15 Ensure that the interface is active. MANAGEMENT INTERFACE mode no shutdown 16 Enable peer routing.
EXEC Privilege mode show running-config vlt 7 Configure the peer 1 management ip/ interface ip for which connectivity is present in VLT peer 1. EXEC mode or EXEC Privilege mode show interfaces interface 8 Configure the VLT links between VLT peer 1 and VLT peer 2 to the top of rack unit (shown in the following example). 9 Configure the static LAG/LACP between ports connected from VLT peer 1 and VLT peer 2 to the top of rack unit.
Configure the VLT links between VLT peer 1 and VLT peer 2 to the Top of Rack unit. In the following example, port Te 1/4/1 in VLT peer 1 is connected to Te 1/8/1 of ToR and port Te 1/18/1 in VLT peer 2 is connected to Te 1/30/1 of ToR. 1 Configure the static LAG/LACP between the ports connected from VLT peer 1 and VLT peer 2 to the Top of Rack unit. 2 Configure the VLT peer link port channel id in VLT peer 1 and VLT peer 2.
Verify VLT is up. Verify that the VLTi (ICL) link, backup link connectivity (heartbeat status), and VLT peer link (peer chassis) are all up.
Configure PVST+ on VLT Peers to Prevent Forwarding Loops (VLT Peer 2) Dell_VLTpeer2(conf)#protocol spanning-tree pvst Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-pvst)#no disable Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-pvst)#vlan 1000 bridge-priority 4096 Configure both ends of the VLT interconnect trunk with identical PVST+ configurations. When you enable VLT, the show spanningtree pvst brief command output displays VLT information.
Figure 136. Peer Routing Configuration Example Dell-1 Switch Configuration In the following output, RSTP is enabled with a bridge priority of 0. This ensures that Dell-1 becomes the root bridge. DellEMC#1#show run | find protocol protocol spanning-tree pvst no disable vlan 1,20,800,900 bridge-priority 0 The following output shows the existing VLANs.
The following is the configuration in interfaces: DellEMC#1#sh run int ma0/0 interface ManagementEthernet 0/0 description Used_for_VLT_Keepalive ip address 10.10.10.1/24 no shutdown (The management interfaces are part of a default VRF and are isolated from the switch’s data plane.) In Dell-1, te 0/0 and te 0/1 are used for VLTi.
Port channel 2 connects the access switch A1. DellEMC#1#sh run int po2 interface Port-channel 2 description port-channel_to_access_switch_A1 no ip address portmode hybrid switchport vlt-peer-lag port-channel 2 no shutdown Vlan 20 is used in Dell-1, Dell-2, and R1 to form OSPF adjacency. When OSPF is converged, the routing tables in all devices are synchronized. DellEMC#1#sh run int vlan 20 interface Vlan 20 description OSPF PEERING VLAN ip address 192.168.20.
----------------Destination: Peer HeartBeat status: Destination VRF: HeartBeat Timer Interval: HeartBeat Timeout: UDP Port: HeartBeat Messages Sent: HeartBeat Messages Received: 10.10.10.2 Up default 1 3 34998 4 5 Use the show vlt detail command to verify that VLT is functional and that the correct VLANs are allowed.
Verify if peer routing has populated the CAM table with the correct information using the show cam mac command.
no ip address no shutdown The following example shows that te 0/0 and te 0/1 are included in port channel 10. Also note that configuration on the VLTi links does not contain the switchport command. Dell-2#sh run int po10 interface Port-channel 10 description VLTi Port-Channel no ip address channel-member TenGigabitEthernet 0/0-1 no shutdown Te 0/4 connects to the access switch A1.
tagged Port-channel 2 no shutdown The following output shows Dell-2 is configured with VLT domain 1. The peer-link port-channel command makes port channel 10 as the VLTi link. The peer-routing command enables peer routing between VLT peers in VLT domain 1. The IP address configured with the backupdestination command is the management IP address of the VLT peer (Dell-1). A priority value of 55000 makes Dell-2 as the secondary VLT peer.
network 192.168.8.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.9.0/24 area 0 network 172.16.1.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.20.0/29 area 0 passive-interface default no passive-interface vlan 20 While the passive-interface default command prevents all interfaces from establishing an OSPF neighborship, the no passive-interface vlan 20 command allows the interface for VLAN 20, the OSPF peering VLAN, to establish OSPF adjacencies. The following output displays that Dell-1 forms neighborship with Dell-2 and R1.
! interface Loopback4 ip address 4.4.4.2 255.255.255.0 R1#show run int port-channel 1 interface Port-channel1 switchport ip address 192.168.20.3 255.255.255.248 R1#show run | find router router ospf 1 router-id 172.15.1.1 passive-interface default no passive-interface Port-channel1 network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 (The above subnets correspond to loopback interfaces lo2, lo3 and lo4.
This default route is configured for testing purposes, as described in the next section. The access switch (A1) is used to generate ICMP test PINGs to a loopback interface on CR1. This default route points to DellEMC#2’s VLAN 800 SVI interface. It’s in place to ensure that routed test traffic has DellEMC#2’s MAC address as the destination address in the Ethernet frame’s header When A1 sends a packet to R1, the VLT peers act as the default gateway for each other.
Domain_1_Peer1(conf-if-po-100)# vlt-peer-lag port-channel 100 Domain_1_Peer1(conf-if-po-100)# no shutdown Add links to the eVLT port-channel on Peer 1. Domain_1_Peer1(conf)#interface range tengigabitethernet 1/16/1 - 1/16/2 Domain_1_Peer1(conf-if-range-te-1/16/1-2)# port-channel-protocol LACP Domain_1_Peer1(conf-if-range-te-1/16/1-2)# port-channel 100 mode active Domain_1_Peer1(conf-if-range-te-1/16/1-2)# no shutdown Next, configure the VLT domain and VLTi on Peer 2.
Domain_1_Peer4#no shutdown Domain_2_Peer4(conf)#vlt domain 200 Domain_2_Peer4(conf-vlt-domain)# peer-link port-channel 1 Domain_2_Peer4(conf-vlt-domain)# back-up destination 10.18.130.12 Domain_2_Peer4(conf-vlt-domain)# system-mac mac-address 00:0b:00:0b:00:0b Domain_2_Peer4(conf-vlt-domain)# peer-routing Domain_2_Peer4(conf-vlt-domain)# unit-id 1 Configure eVLT on Peer 4.
Verifying a VLT Configuration To monitor the operation or verify the configuration of a VLT domain, use any of the following show commands on the primary and secondary VLT switches. • Display information on backup link operation. EXEC mode • show vlt backup-link Display general status information about VLT domains currently configured on the switch.
----------------Destination: Peer HeartBeat status: HeartBeat Timer Interval: HeartBeat Timeout: UDP Port: HeartBeat Messages Sent: HeartBeat Messages Received: 10.11.200.18 Up 1 3 34998 1026 1025 Dell_VLTpeer2# show vlt backup-link VLT Backup Link ----------------Destination: Peer HeartBeat status: HeartBeat Timer Interval: HeartBeat Timeout: UDP Port: HeartBeat Messages Sent: HeartBeat Messages Received: 10.11.200.20 Up 1 3 34998 1030 1014 The following example shows the show vlt brief command.
Local System MAC address: 00:01:e8:8a:df:bc Local System Role Priority: 32768 Dell_VLTpeer2# show vlt role VLT Role ---------VLT Role: System MAC address: System Role Priority: Local System MAC address: Local System Role Priority: Secondary 00:01:e8:8a:df:bc 32768 00:01:e8:8a:df:e6 32768 The following example shows the show running-config vlt command. Dell_VLTpeer1# show running-config vlt ! vlt domain 30 peer-link port-channel 60 back-up destination 10.11.200.
Po 111 128.112 128 200000 DIS(vlt) Po 120 128.121 128 2000 FWD(vlt) 800 800 4096 4096 0001.e88a.d656 128.112 0001.e88a.d656 128.121 Dell_VLTpeer2# show spanning-tree rstp brief Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Root ID Priority 0, Address 0001.e88a.dff8 Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Bridge ID Priority 0, Address 0001.e88a.
Q: U - Untagged, T - Tagged x - Dot1x untagged, X - Dot1x tagged G - GVRP tagged, M - Vlan-stack, H - Hyperpull tagged NUM Status Description Q Ports 10 Active U Po110(Fo 1/8) T Po100(Fo 1/5,6) Configuring Virtual Link Trunking (VLT Peer 2) Enable VLT and create a VLT domain with a backup-link VLT interconnect (VLTi). Dell_VLTpeer2(conf)#vlt domain 999 Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-vlt-domain)#peer-link port-channel 100 Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-vlt-domain)#back-up destination 10.11.206.
Troubleshooting VLT To help troubleshoot different VLT issues that may occur, use the following information. NOTE: For information on VLT Failure mode timing and its impact, contact your Dell EMC Networking representative. Table 130. Troubleshooting VLT Description Behavior at Peer Up Behavior During Run Time Action to Take Bandwidth monitoring A syslog error message and an SNMP trap is generated when the VLTi bandwidth usage goes above the 80% threshold and when it drops below 80%.
Description Behavior at Peer Up Behavior During Run Time Action to Take information, refer to the Release Notes for this release. VLT LAG ID is not configured on one VLT peer A syslog error message is generated. The peer with the VLT configured remains active. A syslog error message is generated. The peer with the VLT configured remains active. Verify the VLT LAG ID is configured correctly on both VLT peers. VLT LAG ID mismatch The VLT port channel is brought down.
Keep the following points in mind when you configure VLT nodes in a PVLAN: • Configure the VLTi link to be in trunk mode. Do not configure the VLTi link to be in access or promiscuous mode. • You can configure a VLT LAG or port channel to be in trunk, access, or promiscuous port modes when you include the VLT LAG in a PVLAN. The VLT LAG settings must be the same on both the peers. If you configure a VLT LAG as a trunk port, you can associate that LAG to be a member of a normal VLAN or a PVLAN.
PVLAN Operations When One VLT Peer is Down When a VLT port moves to the Admin or Operationally Down state on only one of the VLT nodes, the VLT Lag is still considered to be up. All the PVLAN MAC entries that correspond to the operationally down VLT LAG are maintained as synchronized entries in the device. These MAC entries are removed when the peer VLT LAG also becomes inactive or a change in PVLAN configuration occurs.
Table 131.
VLT LAG Mode Peer1 PVLAN Mode of VLT VLAN Peer2 ICL VLAN Membership Mac Synchronization Peer1 Peer2 - Primary VLAN Y - Primary VLAN X No No Promiscuous Access Primary Secondary No No Trunk Access Primary/Normal Secondary No No Configuring a VLT VLAN or LAG in a PVLAN You can configure the VLT peers or nodes in a private VLAN (PVLAN).
vlt domain domain-id The range of domain IDs is from 1 to 1000. 7 Enter the port-channel number that acts as the interconnect trunk. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode peer-link port-channel id-number 8 (Optional) To configure a VLT LAG, enter the VLAN ID number of the VLAN where the VLT forwards packets received on the VLTi from an adjacent peer that is down.
The list of secondary VLANs can be: • Specified in comma-delimited (VLAN-ID,VLAN-ID) or hyphenated-range format (VLAN-ID-VLAN-ID). • Specified with this command even before they have been created. • Amended by specifying the new secondary VLAN to be added to the list. Proxy ARP Capability on VLT Peer Nodes The proxy ARP functionality is supported on VLT peer nodes. A proxy ARP-enabled device answers the ARP requests that are destined for the other router in a VLT domain.
VLT nodes start performing Proxy ARP when the ICL link goes down. When the VLT peer comes up, proxy ARP stops for the peer VLT IP addresses. When the peer node is rebooted, the IP address synchronized with the peer is not flushed. Peer down events cause the proxy ARP to commence. When a VLT node detects peer up, it does not perform proxy ARP for the peer IP addresses. IP address synchronization occurs again between the VLT peers. Proxy ARP is enabled only if you enable peer routing on both the VLT peers.
Configuring VLAN-Stack over VLT To configure VLAN-stack over VLT, follow these steps. 1 Configure the VLT LAG as VLAN-Stack access or Trunk mode on both the peers. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode vlan-stack {access | trunk} 2 Configure VLAN as VLAN-stack compatible on both the peers. INTERFACE VLAN mode vlan-stack compatible 3 Add the VLT LAG as a member to the VLAN-stack on both the peers. INTERFACE VLAN mode member port-channel port—channel ID 4 Verify the VLAN-stack configurations.
DellEMC# DellEMC(conf)#interface port-channel 20 DellEMC(conf-if-po-20)#switchport DellEMC(conf-if-po-20)#vlt-peer-lag port-channel 20 DellEMC(conf-if-po-20)#vlan-stack trunk DellEMC(conf-if-po-20)#no shutdown DellEMC#show running-config interface port-channel 20 ! interface Port-channel 20 no ip address switchport vlan-stack trunk vlt-peer-lag port-channel 20 no shutdown DellEMC# Configure the VLAN as a VLAN-Stack VLAN and add the VLT LAG as Members to the VLAN DellEMC(conf)#interface vlan 50 DellEMC(conf-
unit-id 1 DellEMC# Configure the VLT LAG as VLAN-Stack Access or Trunk Port DellEMC(conf)#interface port-channel 10 DellEMC(conf-if-po-10)#switchport DellEMC(conf-if-po-10)#vlt-peer-lag port-channel 10 DellEMC(conf-if-po-10)#vlan-stack access DellEMC(conf-if-po-10)#no shutdown DellEMC#show running-config interface port-channel 10 ! interface Port-channel 10 no ip address switchport vlan-stack access vlt-peer-lag port-channel 10 no shutdown DellEMC# DellEMC(conf)#interface port-channel 20 DellEMC(conf-if-po-
DellEMC# V Po1(Te 1/30-32/1) IPv6 Peer Routing in VLT Domains Overview VLT enables the physical links between two devices that are called VLT nodes or peers, and within a VLT domain, to be considered as a single logical link to external devices that are connected using LAG bundles to both the VLT peers. This capability enables redundancy without the implementation of Spanning tree protocol (STP), thereby providing a loop-free network with optimal bandwidth utilization.
Synchronization of IPv6 ND Entries in a Non-VLT Domain Layer 3 VLT provides a higher resiliency at the Layer 3 forwarding level. Routed VLT allows you to replace VRRP with routed VLT to route the traffic from Layer 2 access nodes. With ND synchronization, both the VLT nodes perform Layer 3 forwarding on behalf of each other. Synchronization of NDPM entries learned on non-VLT interfaces between the non-VLT nodes.
Figure 138. Sample Configuration of IPv6 Peer Routing in a VLT Domain Sample Configuration of IPv6 Peer Routing in a VLT Domain Consider a sample scenario as shown in the following figure in which two VLT nodes, Unit1 and Unit2, are connected in a VLT domain using an ICL or VLTi link. To the south of the VLT domain, Unit1 and Unit2 are connected to a ToR switch named Node B. Also, Unit1 is connected to another node, Node A, and Unit2 is linked to a node, Node C.
Figure 139. Sample Configuration of IPv6 Peer Routing in a VLT Domain Neighbor Solicitation from VLT Hosts Consider a case in which NS for VLT node1 IP reaches VLT node1 on the VLT interface and NS for VLT node1 IP reaches VLT node2 due to LAG level hashing in the ToR. When VLT node1 receives NS from VLT VLAN interface, it unicasts the NA packet on the VLT interface. When NS reaches VLT node2, it is flooded on all interfaces including ICL.
Consider a situation in which NA for VLT node1 reaches VLT node1 on a non-VLT interface and NA for VLT node1 reaches VLT node2 on a non-VLT interface. When VLT node1 receives NA on a VLT interface, it learns the Host MAC address on the received interface. This learned neighbor entry is synchronized to VLT node2 as it is learned on ICL.
Non-VLT host to Non-VLT host traffic flow When VLT node receives traffic from non-VLT host intended to the non-VLT host, it does neighbor entry lookup and routes traffic over ICL interface. If traffic reaches wrong VLT peer, it routes the traffic over ICL. Router Solicitation When VLT node receives router Solicitation on VLT interface/non-VLT interface it consumes the packets and will send RA back on the received interface. VLT node will drop the RS message if it is received over ICL interface.
Static VXLAN Configuration in a VLT setup Configuration steps are covered below: 1 Both Gateway VTEPs need VLT configured. • ICL port configuration interface Port-channel 1 no ip address channel-member TenGigabitEthernet 0/4-5 no shutdown • VLT Domain Configuration vlt domain 100 peer-link port-channel 1 back-up destination 10.11.70.
2 • VXLAN Instance Configuration vxlan-instance 1 static local-vtep-ip 14.14.14.14 no shutdown vni-profile test vnid 200 remote-vtep-ip 3.3.3.3 vni-profile test • VLT Access port configuration interface TengigabitEthernet 0/12 port-channel-protocol lacp port-channel 30 mode active interface Port-channel 30 no ip address vxlan-instance 1 switchport vlt-peer-lag port-channel 30 no shutdown Configure loopback interface and VXLAN instances on both the peers.
60 VLT Proxy Gateway The virtual link trucking (VLT) proxy gateway feature allows a VLT domain to locally terminate and route L3 packets that are destined to a Layer 3 (L3) end point in another VLT domain. Enable the VLT proxy gateway using the link layer discover protocol (LLDP) method or the static configuration. For more information, see the Command Line Reference Guide.
Figure 140. Sample Configuration for a VLT Proxy Gateway Guidelines for Enabling the VLT Proxy Gateway Keep the following points in mind when you enable a VLT proxy gateway: • Proxy gateway is supported only for VLT; for example, across a VLT domain. • You must enable the VLT peer-routing command for the VLT proxy gateway to function.
• You cannot change the VLT LAG to a legacy LAG when it is part of proxy-gateway. • You cannot change the link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) port channel interface to a legacy LAG when you enable a proxy gateway. • Dell EMC Networking recommends the vlt-peer-mac transmit command only for square VLTs without diagonal links. • The virtual router redundancy (VRRP) protocol and IPv6 routing is not supported. • Private VLANs (PVLANs) are not supported.
• You must configure the interface proxy gateway LLDP to enable or disable a proxy-gateway LLDP TLV on specific interfaces. • The interface is typically a VLT port-channel that connects to a remote VLT domain. • The new proxy gateway TLV is carried on the physical links under the port channel only. • You must have at least one link connection to each unit of the VLT domain. Following are the prerequisites for Proxy Gateway LLDP configuration: • You must globally enable LLDP.
LLDP VLT Proxy Gateway in a Square VLT Topology Figure 141. Sample Configuration for a VLT Proxy Gateway • The preceding figure shows a sample square VLT Proxy gateway topology. There are no diagonal links in the square VLT connection between the C and D in VLT domain 1 and C1 and D1 in the VLT domain 2. This causes sub-optimal routing.
• Any L3 packet, when it gets an L3 hit and is routed, it has a time to live (TTL) decrement as expected. • You can disable the VLT Proxy Gateway for a particular VLAN using an "Exclude-VLAN" configuration. The configuration has to be done in both the VLT domains [C and D in VLT domain 1 and C1 and D1 in VLT domain 2].
Figure 142. VLT Proxy Gateway Sample Topology VLT Domain Configuration Dell-1 and Dell-2 constitute VLT domain 120. Dell-3 and Dell-4 constitute VLT domain 110. These two VLT domains are connected using a VLT LAG P0 50. To know how to configure the interfaces in VLT domains, see the Configuring VLT section. Dell-1 VLT Configuration vlt domain 120 peer-link port-channel 120 back-up destination 10.1.1.
switchport no spanning-tree vlt-peer-lag port-channel 50 no shutdown Note that on the inter-domain link, the switchport command is enabled. On a VLTi link between VLT peers in a VLT domain, the switchport command is not used. VLAN 100 is used as the OSPF peering VLAN between Dell-1 and Dell-2. interface Vlan 100 description OSPF Peering VLAN to Dell-2 ip address 10.10.100.1/30 ip ospf network point-to-point no shutdown VLAN 101 is used as the OSPF peering VLAN between the two VLT domains.
The following output shows that Dell-1 forms OSPF neighborship with Dell-2. Dell-2#sh ip ospf nei Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface Area 4.4.4.4 1 FULL/ - 00:00:33 10.10.100.1 Vl 100 0 Dell-3 VLT Configuration vlt domain 110 peer-link port-channel 110 back-up destination 10.1.1.
The following output shows that Dell-4 and VLT domain 120 form OSPF neighborship with Dell-3. Dell-3#sh ip ospf nei ! Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface Area 4.4.4.4 1 FULL/ - 00:00:33 10.10.101.1 Vl 101 0 1.1.1.1 1 FULL/ - 00:00:34 10.10.102.2 Vl 102 0 Dell-4 VLT Configuration vlt domain 110 peer-link port-channel 110 back-up destination 10.1.1.
61 Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) is supported on Dell EMC Networking OS. Overview The switch acts as the VXLAN gateway and performs the VXLAN Tunnel End Point (VTEP) functionality. VXLAN is a technology where in the data traffic from the virtualized servers is transparently transported over an existing legacy network. Figure 143. VXLAN Gateway NOTE: In a stack setup, the Dell EMC Networking OS does not support VXLAN.
• Configuring VxLAN Gateway • Displaying VXLAN Configurations • Static Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) • Preserving 802.1 p value across VXLAN tunnels • Routing in and out of VXLAN tunnels • NSX Controller-based VXLAN for VLT Components of VXLAN network VXLAN provides a mechanism to extend an L2 network over an L3 network. In short, VXLAN is an L2 overlay scheme over an L3 network and this overlay is termed as a VXLAN segment.
• Binds the Port and VLAN to logical networks based on messages from the NVP. • Binds MACs to the VTEP and logical network based on messages from the NVP. • Advertises MACs learnt on south-facing VXLAN capable-ports to the NVP client. VXLAN Hypervisor It is the VTEP that connects the Virtual Machines (VM) to the underlay legacy network to the physical infrastructure. Service Node(SN) It is also another VTEP, but it is fully managed by the controller.
Components of VXLAN Frame Format Some of the important fields of the VXLAN frame format are described below: Outer Ethernet Header: Outer IP Header: The Outer Ethernet Header consists of the following components: • Destination Address: Generally, it is a first hop router's MAC address when the VTEP is on a different address. • Source Address : It is the source MAC address of the router that routes the packet.
• Single VNI can be mapped to Single VLAN in both static and NSX controller-based VXLAN. Hence, only 4000 VNIs are supported while configuring static VXLAN. • You can map multiple VNIs with multiple VLANs in an NSX-based VXLAN. • You can configure only one Nuage controller in a VXLAN setup. Nuage controller datapath-learning is not supported.
Figure 145. Create Service Node 3 Create VXLAN Gateway To create a VXLAN L2 Gateway, the IP address of the Gateway is mandatory. The following is the snapshot of the user interface in creating a VXLAN Gateway Figure 146. Create Gateway 4 Create Logical Switch You can create a logical network by creating a logical switch. The logical network acts as the forwarding domain for workloads on the physical as well as virtual infrastructure.
Figure 147. Create Logical Switch 5 Create Logical Switch Port A logical switch port provides a logical connection point for a VM interface (VIF) and a L2 gateway connection to an external network. It binds the virtual access ports in the GW to logical network (VXLAN) and VLAN. Figure 148. Create Logical Switch Port NOTE: For more details about NSX controller configuration, refer to the NSX user guide from VMWare .
Configuring and Controling VXLAN from Nuage Controller GUI The Dell EMC Networking OS supports Nuage controller for VXLAN. You can configure and control VXLAN from the Nuage controller GUI, by adding a hardware device to the Nuage controller and authenticating the device. 1 Under the Infrastructure tab, add a datacenter gateway. Figure 149. Add Data center Gateway 2 Create port-to-VLAN mappings. Figure 150. Port-to-VLAN mappings 3 Under the Networks tab, create an L2 domain.
Figure 151. Access ports of the VTEP Configuring VxLAN Gateway To configure the VxLAN gateway on the switch, follow these steps: 1 Connecting to NVP controller 2 Advertising VXLAN access ports to controller Connecting to an NVP Controller To connect to an NVP controller, use the following commands. 1 Enable the VXLAN feature. CONFIGURATION mode feature vxlan You must configure feature VXLAN to configure vxlan-instance. 2 Create a VXLAN instance that connects to the controller.
gateway-ip IP address 5 Enter the maximum backoff time (Optional). VxLAN INSTANCE mode max_backoff time The range is from 1000-180000. The default value is 30000 milliseconds. 6 Enter the fail mode (Optional). VxLAN INSTANCE mode fail-mode secure Dell EMC Networking recommends non-secure mode for an NSX controller-based VXLAN in a VLT setup. 7 Enable the VXLAN instance.
02f063c2-36c7-3ef6-a324-b432b748d15d 36ab6265-5fa8-3ce8-b35c-e7cfdaf7c9e8 6218 6368 The following example shows the show vxlan vxlan-instance statistics interface command. DellEMC#show vxlan vxlan-instance 1 statistics interface fortyGigE 1/49/1 100 Port : Fo 1/49/1 Vlan : 100 Rx Packets : 13 Rx Bytes : 1317 Tx Packets : 13 Tx Bytes : 1321 The following example shows the show vxlan vxlan-instance physical-locator command. Instance: 1 Tunnel : count 3 4.3.3.3 : vxlan_over_ipv4 (up) 6.6.6.
port-vlan. A VXLAN-enabled VLAN can also have non-VXLAN ports as members. But switching cannot happen between VXLAN ports and non-VXLAN ports. To configure the static VXLAN on the switch, follow these steps: 1 Enable VXLAN configuration globally on the platform. CONFIGURATION mode feature vxlan 2 Enable static VXLAN instance. CONFIGURATION mode INTERFACE mode vxlan-instance instance ID [static] You can configure vxlan-instance on INTERFACE mode to enable VXLAN on specific ports.
Displaying Static VXLAN Configurations To display the static VXLAN configurations, use the following commands. Examples of the show vxlan-instance Command The following example displays the basic configuration details. DellEMC# show vxlan vxlan-instance 1 Instance : 1 Mode : Static Admin State : Up Local vtep ip : 101.101.101.101 Port List : Fo 1/49 The following example displays VTEP to VNI mapping for a specific remote VTEP. DellEMC# show vxlan vxlan-instance 1 vtep-vni-map Remote Vtep IP : 10.10.10.
Routing in and out of VXLAN tunnels VXLAN provides a way to extend a VLAN over a Layer3 tunnel (VXLAN tunnel) across data centers. This functionality can also be extended one step further by enabling routing from a VLAN on one data center to a different VLAN on another data center. This scheme to route in and out of tunnels (RIOT) requires setting up of hardware VTEPs that are capable of routing over a VXLAN tunnel using a physical loopback configuration.
NOTE: VXLAN feature is not supported in a stacking environment Internal Loopback for VXLAN RIOT The following topology shows how VXLAN RIOT can be achieved using an internal loopback port channel. Internal loopback port-channel is formed by adding the free ports in the device as a member to the vxlan loopback port-channel. There is no need for non-vxlan loopback port-channel in this scenario. • When you ping for 10.1.2.
The topology to achieve RIOT with a physical loopback is inherently susceptible to Layer 2 loops. To prevent these loops from disrupting the network, the following egress masks need to be applied: • Any frame ingressing on a VXLAN access port is not allowed to egress out of a VXLAN loopback port. • Any frame ingressing on a VXLAN loopback port is not allowed to egress out of a VXLAN access port. • Any frame ingressing on a Non-VXLAN loopback port is not allowed to egress out of a VXLAN access port.
In this topology, P2 and P3 in VTEP 1 are VLT port-channels with corresponding VLT peer LAGs being P2 and P3 in VTEP 2. Similarly, P6 and P7 in VTEP 3 are VLT port-channels with corresponding VLT peer LAGs being P6 and P7 in VTEP 4. NOTE: P2, P3, P6, and P7 can be a single port or multi-port port-channels that are VLT port-channels. NOTE: The VLT VXLAN configuration for RIOT deviates from the standard VLT behavior when these physical loopbacks are provisioned as VLT port-channels.
Figure 152. Controller-based VXLAN for VLT Providing Redundancy Important Points to Remember • The VLT peer port channel number must be the same on both VLT peers. • before configuring controller-based VXLAN with VLT, remove any existing standalone VXLAN configuration. • BFD tunnels come up only after the NSX controller sends tunnel details. The details come after the remote MAC addresses are downloaded from NSX controller.
Configuring BFD and UFD for VXLAN For controller-based VXLAN, you can optionally configure BFD and UFD for more resiliency. To configure BFD and UFD, follow these steps: 1 Enable BFD globally. CONFIGURATION mode bfd enable Enter the result of your step here (optional). 2 Create an uplink-state group. CONFIGURATION mode uplink-state-group group-id group-id: values are from 1 to 16. 3 Assign a VLT port channel to the uplink-state group as an upstream link.
peer-ovsdbserver-ip ovsdb-IP-address The peer OVSDB server is the peer VLT device. 6 Enter the fail mode. VxLAN INSTANCE mode fail-mode secure 7 Enable the VxLAN instance. VxLAN INSTANCE mode no shutdown NOTE: Dell EMC Networking recommends the non-secure fail mode if you are configuring VxLAN for a VLT setup and not to use spanned VLAN IP address for peer OVSDB connectivity. Also using of controller connected IP address for peer OVSDB connectivity leads to double failure, when connected link fails..
unit-id NOTE: For controller-based VxLAN, the VLT unit ID is mandatory. 8 Repeat these steps on the VLT peer switch. VLT configuration: DellEMC#show runn vlt ! vlt domain 100 peer-link port-channel 1 back-up destination 38.0.0.
Admin State Controller Type Management IP Gateway IP MAX Backoff Controller 1 Managers Fail Mode Port List Te 1/21 : : : : : : : : : : : : Po 10 enabled Nsx 10.16.140.36 4.3.3.3 8000 10.16.140.181:6640 ssl 10.16.140.181:6640 ssl (connected) 10.16.140.182:6640 ssl (connected) 10.16.140.
DellEMC#show vxlan vxlan-instance 1 physical-locator Instance : 1 Tunnel : count 1 6.6.6.2 : vxlan_over_ipv4 (up) DellEMC# DellEMC# DellEMC#show vxlan vxlan-instance 1 unicast-mac-local Total Local Mac Count: 1 VNI MAC PORT 5000 00:00:00:cc:00:00 Te 1/21 VLAN 20 DellEMC# DellEMC#show vxlan vxlan-instance 1 unicast-mac-remote Total Remote Mac Count: 1 VNI MAC TUNNEL 5000 00:00:bb:00:00:00 4.3.3.
Mode Admin State Controller Type Management IP Gateway IP MAX Backoff Controller 1 Managers Fail Mode Port List Te 1/21 : : : : : : : : : : : : : Po 10 Controller enabled Nsx 10.16.140.37 4.3.3.3 8000 10.16.140.181:6640 ssl 10.16.140.181:6640 ssl (connected via vltPeer) 10.16.140.182:6640 ssl (connected via vltPeer) 10.16.140.
DellEMC#show cam mac stack-unit 1 port-set 0 VlanId Mac Address Region Interface 500 14:18:77:0a:53:82 STATIC Po 1 500 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff STATIC 00001 28674 00:00:00:cc:00:00 DYNAMIC 0x80000001(vxlan) 28674 00:00:bb:00:00:00 DYNAMIC 0x80000006(vxlan) 0 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff STATIC 00001 1 00:01:e8:8b:7a:6e DYNAMIC Po 11 20 00:00:00:cc:00:00 STATIC Po 1 0 00:10:18:ff:ff:ff STATIC Invalid 500 34:17:eb:37:11:02 DYNAMIC Po 1 0 f4:8e:38:2b:3e:87 LOCAL_DA 00001 0 f4:8e:38:2b:3e:87 LOCAL_DA 00001 0 14:18:77:0a:53:82 LO
Figure 153. Create Service Node 3 Create VXLAN Gateway To create a VXLAN L2 Gateway, the IP address of the Gateway is mandatory. The following is the snapshot of the user interface in creating a VXLAN Gateway Figure 154. Create Gateway 4 Create Logical Switch You can create a logical network by creating a logical switch. The logical network acts as the forwarding domain for workloads on the physical as well as virtual infrastructure.
Figure 155. Create Logical Switch 5 Create Logical Switch Port A logical switch port provides a logical connection point for a VM interface (VIF) and a L2 gateway connection to an external network. It binds the virtual access ports in the GW to logical network (VXLAN) and VLAN. Figure 156. Create Logical Switch Port NOTE: For more details about NSX controller configuration, refer to the NSX user guide from VMWare .
62 Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) allows a physical router to partition itself into multiple Virtual Routers (VRs). The control and data plane are isolated in each VR so that traffic does NOT flow across VRs.Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) allows multiple instances of a routing table to co-exist within the same router at the same time. VRF Overview VRF improves functionality by allowing network paths to be segmented without using multiple devices.
Figure 157. VRF Network Example VRF Configuration Notes Although there is no restriction on the number of VLANs that can be assigned to a VRF instance, the total number of routes supported in VRF is limited by the size of the IPv4 CAM. VRF is implemented in a network device by using Forwarding Information Bases (FIBs). A network device may have the ability to configure different virtual routers, where entries in the FIB that belong to one VRF cannot be accessed by another VRF on the same device.
If the next-hop IP in a static route VRF statement is VRRP IP of another VRF, this static route does not get installed on the VRRP master. VRF supports some routing protocols only on the default VRF (default-vrf) instance. Table 1 displays the software features supported in VRF and whether they are supported on all VRF instances or only the default VRF. NOTE: To configure a router ID in a non-default VRF, configure at least one IP address in both the default as well as the nondefault VRF. Table 132.
Feature/Capability Support Status for Default VRF Support Status for Non-default VRF OSPFv3 Yes Yes IS-IS Yes Yes BGP Yes Yes ACL Yes No Multicast No No NDP Yes Yes RAD Yes Yes DHCP DHCP requests are not forwarded across VRF instances. The DHCP client and server must be on the same VRF instance.
Assigning an Interface to a VRF You must enter the ip vrf forwarding command before you configure the IP address or any other setting on an interface. NOTE: You can configure an IP address or subnet on a physical or VLAN interface that overlaps the same IP address or subnet configured on another interface only if the interfaces are assigned to different VRFs. If two interfaces are assigned to the same VRF, you cannot configure overlapping IP subnets or the same IP address on them.
show ip vrf [vrf-name] Assigning an OSPF Process to a VRF Instance OSPF routes are supported on all VRF instances. See the Open Shortest Path First (OSPFv2) chapter for complete OSPF configuration information. Assign an OSPF process to a VRF instance . Return to CONFIGURATION mode to enable the OSPF process. The OSPF Process ID is the identifying number assigned to the OSPF process, and the Router ID is the IP address associated with the OSPF process.
Task Command Syntax Command Mode 10.1.1.1 (local) Hold Down: 0 sec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 1 sec Adv rcvd: 0, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 43, Gratuitous ARP sent: 0 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:01:0a Virtual IP address: 10.1.1.100 Authentication: (none) Configuring Management VRF You can assign a management interface to a management VRF. NOTE: The loopback interface cannot be added into the management VRF. 1 Create a management VRF.
Configuring a Static Route • Configure a static route that points to a management interface. CONFIGURATION management route ip-address mask managementethernet ormanagement route ipv6-address prefixlength managementethernet You can also have the management route to point to a front-end port in case of the management VRF. For example: management route 2::/64 tengigabitethernet 1/1/1. • Configure a static entry in the IPv6 neighbor discovery.
Figure 159. Setup VRF Interfaces The following example relates to the configuration shown in the above illustrations. Router 1 ip vrf blue 1 ! ip vrf orange 2 ! ip vrf green 3 ! interface TenGigabitEthernet no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet ip vrf forwarding blue ip address 10.0.0.1/24 no shutdown ! interface TenGigabitEthernet ip vrf forwarding orange ip address 20.0.0.
ip vrf forwarding green ip address 30.0.0.1/24 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 128 ip vrf forwarding blue ip address 1.0.0.1/24 tagged TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 192 ip vrf forwarding orange ip address 2.0.0.1/24 tagged TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 256 ip vrf forwarding green ip address 3.0.0.1/24 tagged TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 no shutdown ! router ospf 1 vrf blue router-id 1.0.0.1 network 1.0.0.0/24 area 0 network 10.0.0.
ip address 2.0.0.2/24 tagged TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 256 ip vrf forwarding green ip address 3.0.0.2/24 tagged TenGigabitEthernet 3/1/1 no shutdown ! router ospf 1 vrf blue router-id 1.0.0.2 network 11.0.0.0/24 area 0 network 1.0.0.0/24 area 0 passive-interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1/1 ! router ospf 2 vrf orange router-id 2.0.0.2 network 21.0.0.0/24 area 0 network 2.0.0.0/24 area 0 passive-interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/2/1 ! ip route vrf green30.0.0.0/24 3.0.0.
DellEMC#show ip route vrf orange Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, IN - internal BGP, EX - external BGP,LO - Locally Originated, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2, E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, IA - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, > - non-active route, + - summary route Gateway of last resort is not set Destination ----------2.0.0.0/24 20.0.0.
Dynamic Route Leaking Route Leaking is a powerful feature that enables communication between isolated (virtual) routing domains by segregating and sharing a set of services such as VOIP, Video, and so on that are available on one routing domain with other virtual domains. Inter-VRF Route Leaking enables a VRF to leak or export routes that are present in its RTM to one or more VRFs.
A non-default VRF named VRF-Shared is created and the interface 1/4 is assigned to this VRF. 2 Configure the export target in the source VRF:. ip route-export 1:1 3 Configure VRF-red. ip vrf vrf-red interface-type slot/port[/subport] ip vrf forwarding VRF-red ip address ip—address mask A non-default VRF named VRF-red is created and the interface is assigned to this VRF. 4 Configure the import target in VRF-red. ip route-import 1:1 5 Configure the export target in VRF-red.
ip route-import ! ip vrf VRF-Green ! ip vrf VRF-shared ip route-export ip route-import ip route-import 1:1 1:1 2:2 3:3 Show routing tables of all the VRFs (without any route-export and route-import tags being configured) DellEMC# show ip route vrf VRF-Red O 11.1.1.1/32 via 111.1.1.1 110/0 C 111.1.1.0/24 Direct, Te 1/11/1 0/0 00:00:10 22:39:59 DellEMC# show ip route vrf VRF-Blue O 22.2.2.2/32 via 122.2.2.2 110/0 00:00:11 C 122.2.2.
O 44.4.4.4/32 00:00:11 via 144.4.4.4 C Direct, Te 1/4/1 144.4.4.0/24 110/0 0/0 00:32:36 Important Points to Remember • If the target VRF conatins the same prefix as either the sourced or Leaked route from some other VRF, then route Leaking for that particular prefix fails and the following error-log is thrown. SYSLOG (“Duplicate prefix found %s in the target VRF %d”, address, import_vrf_id) with The type/level is EVT_LOGWARNING. • The source routes always take precedence over leaked routes.
A non-default VRF named VRF-red is created and the interface is assigned to this VRF. 2 Define a route-map export_ospfbgp_protocol. DellEMC(config)route-map export_ospfbgp_protocol permit 10 3 Define the matching criteria for the exported routes. DellEMC(config-route-map)match source-protocol ospf DellEMC(config-route-map)match source-protocol bgp This action specifies that the route-map contains OSPF and BGP as the matching criteria for exporting routes from vrf-red.
O 44.4.4.4/32 via vrf-red:144.4.4.4 0/0 00:32:36 << only OSPF and BGP leaked from VRF-red Important Points to Remember • Only Active routes are eligible for leaking. For example, if VRF-A has two routes from BGP and OSPF, in which the BGP route is not active. In this scenario, the OSPF route takes precedence over BGP. Even though the Target VRF-B has specified filtering options to match BGP, the BGP route is not leaked as that route is not active in the Source VRF.
63 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP) is designed to eliminate a single point of failure in a statically routed network. VRRP Overview VRRP is designed to eliminate a single point of failure in a statically routed network. VRRP specifies a MASTER router that owns the next hop IP and MAC address for end stations on a local area network (LAN).
Figure 160. Basic VRRP Configuration VRRP Benefits With VRRP configured on a network, end-station connectivity to the network is not subject to a single point-of-failure. End-station connections to the network are redundant and are not dependent on internal gateway protocol (IGP) protocols to converge or update routing tables. In conjunction with Virtual Link Trunking (VLT), you can configure optimized forwarding with virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP).
CAUTION: Increasing the advertisement interval increases the VRRP Master dead interval, resulting in an increased failover time for Master/Backup election. Take caution when increasing the advertisement interval, as the increased dead interval may cause packets to be dropped during that switch-over time. NOTE: In a VLT environment, VRRP configuration acts as active-active and if route is not present in any of the VRRP nodes, the packet to the destination is dropped on that VRRP node. Table 134.
The VRID range is from 1 to 255. • NOTE: The interface must already have a primary IP address defined and be enabled, as shown in the second example. Delete a VRRP group. INTERFACE mode no vrrp-group vrid Examples of Configuring and Verifying VRRP The following examples how to configure VRRP. DellEMC(conf)#interface tengigabitethernet 1/1/1 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#vrrp-group 111 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-111)# The following examples how to verify the VRRP configuration.
Example: Migrating an IPv4 VRRP Group from VRRPv2 to VRRPv3 NOTE: Carefully following this procedure, otherwise you might introduce dual master switches issues. To migrate an IPv4 VRRP Group from VRRPv2 to VRRPv3: 1 Set the backup switches to VRRP version to both. Dell_backup_switch1(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-100)#version both Dell_backup_switch2(conf-if-te-1/2/1-vrid-100)#version both 2 Set the master switch to VRRP protocol version 3.
Examples of the Configuring and Verifying a Virtual IP Address The following example shows how to configure a virtual IP address. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-111)#virtual-address 10.10.10.1 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-111)#virtual-address 10.10.10.2 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-111)#virtual-address 10.10.10.3 The following example shows how to verify a virtual IP address configuration. NOTE: In the following example, the primary IP address and the virtual IP addresses are on the same subnet.
• Configure the priority for the VRRP group. INTERFACE -VRID mode priority priority The range is from 1 to 255. The default is 100. Examples of the priority Command DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/2/1)#vrrp-group 111 DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/2/1-vrid-111)#priority 125 To verify the VRRP group priority, use the show vrrp command. Dellshow vrrp -----------------TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1, VRID: 111, Net: 10.10.10.1 VRF: 0 default State: Master, Priority: 255, Master: 10.10.10.
Examples of the authentication-type Command The bold section shows the encryption type (encrypted) and the password. DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-111)#authentication-type ? DellEMC(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-111)#authentication-type simple 7 force10 The following example shows verifying the VRRP authentication configuration using the show conf command. The bold section shows the encrypted password.
Changing the Advertisement Interval By default, the MASTER router transmits a VRRP advertisement to all members of the VRRP group every one second, indicating it is operational and is the MASTER router. If the VRRP group misses three consecutive advertisements, the election process begins and the BACKUP virtual router with the highest priority transitions to MASTER.
Track an Interface or Object You can set Dell EMC Networking OS to monitor the state of any interface according to the virtual group. Each VRRP group can track up to 12 interfaces and up to 20 additional objects, which may affect the priority of the VRRP group. If the tracked interface goes down, the VRRP group’s priority decreases by a default value of 10 (also known as cost). If the tracked interface’s state goes up, the VRRP group’s priority increases by 10.
• (Optional) Display the configuration and the UP or DOWN state of tracked interfaces and objects in VRRP groups, including the time since the last change in an object’s state. EXEC mode or EXEC Privilege mode • show vrrp (Optional) Display the configuration of tracked objects in VRRP groups on a specified interface.
Tracking states for 2 resource Ids: 2 - Up IPv6 route, 2040::/64, priority-cost 20, 00:02:11 3 - Up IPv6 route, 2050::/64, priority-cost 30, 00:02:11 The following example shows verifying the VRRP configuration on an interface.
The default is 0. Sample Configurations Before you set up VRRP, review the following sample configurations. VRRP for an IPv4 Configuration The following configuration shows how to enable IPv4 VRRP. This example does not contain comprehensive directions and is intended to provide guidance for only a typical VRRP configuration. You can copy and paste from the example to your CLI. To support your own IP addresses, interfaces, names, and so on, be sure that you make the necessary changes.
Examples of Configuring VRRP for IPv4 and IPv6 The following example shows configuring VRRP for IPv4 Router 2. R2(conf)#interface tengigabitethernet 2/31/1 R2(conf-if-te-2/31/1)#ip address 10.1.1.1/24 R2(conf-if-te-2/31/1)#vrrp-group 99 R2(conf-if-te-2/31/1-vrid-99)#priority 200 R2(conf-if-te-2/31/1-vrid-99)#virtual 10.1.1.3 R2(conf-if-te-2/31/1-vrid-99)#no shut R2(conf-if-te-2/31/1)#show conf ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/31/1 ip address 10.1.1.1/24 ! vrrp-group 99 priority 200 virtual-address 10.1.1.
Figure 162. VRRP for an IPv6 Configuration NOTE: In a VRRP or VRRPv3 group, if two routers come up with the same priority and another router already has MASTER status, the router with master status continues to be MASTER even if one of two routers has a higher IP or IPv6 address. The following example shows configuring VRRP for IPv6 Router 2 and Router 3. Configure a virtual link local (fe80) address for each VRRPv3 group created for an interface.
R2(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-10)#virtual-address fe80::10 R2(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-10)#virtual-address 1::10 R2(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-10)#no shutdown R2(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#show config interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 ipv6 address 1::1/64 vrrp-group 10 priority 100 virtual-address fe80::10 virtual-address 1::10 no shutdown R2(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#end R2#show vrrp -----------------TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1, IPv6 VRID: 10, Version: 3, Net:fe80::201:e8ff:fe6a:c59f VRF: 0 default State: Master, Priority: 100, Master: f
VRRP in a VRF: Non-VLAN Scenario The following example shows how to enable VRRP in a non-VLAN. The following example shows a typical use case in which you create three virtualized overlay networks by configuring three VRFs in two switches. The default gateway to reach the Internet in each VRF is a static route with the next hop being the virtual IP address configured in VRRP. In this scenario, a single VLAN is associated with each VRF.
S1(conf)#ip vrf VRF-3 3 ! S1(conf)#interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/1/1 S1(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#ip vrf forwarding VRF-1 S1(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#ip address 10.10.1.5/24 S1(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#vrrp-group 11 % Info: The VRID used by the VRRP group 11 in S1(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-101)#priority 100 S1(conf-if-te-1/1/1-vrid-101)#virtual-address S1(conf-if-te-1/1/1)#no shutdown ! S1(conf)#interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/2/1 S1(conf-if-te-1/2/1)#ip vrf forwarding VRF-2 S1(conf-if-te-1/2/1)#ip address 10.10.1.
! S2(conf)#interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/3/1 S2(conf-if-te-1/3/1)#ip vrf forwarding VRF-3 S2(conf-if-te-1/3/1)#ip address 20.1.1.6/24 S2(conf-if-te-1/3/1)#vrrp-group 15 % Info: The VRID used by the VRRP group 15 in VRF 3 will be 243. S2(conf-if-te-1/3/1-vrid-105)#priority 100 S2(conf-if-te-1/3/1-vrid-105)#virtual-address 20.1.1.
DellEMC#show vrrp vrf vrf1 vlan 400 -----------------Vlan 400, IPv4 VRID: 1, Version: 2, Net: 10.1.1.1 VRF: 1 vrf1 State: Master, Priority: 100, Master: 10.1.1.1 (local) Hold Down: 0 sec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 1 sec Adv rcvd: 0, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 278, Gratuitous ARP sent: 1 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:01:01 Virtual IP address: 10.1.1.100 Authentication: (none) DellEMC#show vrrp vrf vrf2 port-channel 1 -----------------Port-channel 1, IPv4 VRID: 1, Version: 2, Net: 10.1.1.
S2(conf-if-vl-300)#no shutdown DellEMC#show vrrp vrf vrf1 vlan 400 -----------------Vlan 400, IPv4 VRID: 1, Version: 2, Net: 10.1.1.1 VRF: 1 vrf1 State: Master, Priority: 100, Master: 10.1.1.1 (local) Hold Down: 0 sec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 1 sec Adv rcvd: 0, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 278, Gratuitous ARP sent: 1 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:01:01 Virtual IP address: 10.1.1.100 Authentication: (none) Vlan 400, IPv4 VRID: 10, Version: 2, Net: 20.1.1.
Figure 164. VRRP for IPv6 Topology NOTE: This example does not contain comprehensive directions and is intended to provide guidance for only a typical VRRP configuration. You can copy and paste from the example to your CLI. Be sure you make the necessary changes to support your own IP addresses, interfaces, names, and so on.
NOTE: The virtual IPv6 address you configure should be the same as the IPv6 subnet to which the interface belongs.
Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:02:ff Virtual IP address: 10:1:1::255 fe80::255 DellEMC#show vrrp tengigabitethernet 2/8/1 TenGigabitEthernet 2/8/1, IPv6 VRID: 255, Version: 3, Net: fe80::201:e8ff:fe8a:e9ed VRF: 0 default State: Master, Priority: 110, Master: fe80::201:e8ff:fe8a:e9ed (local) Hold Down: 0 centisec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 100 centisec Accept Mode: FALSE, Master AdvInt: 100 centisec Adv rcvd: 0, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 120 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:02:ff Virtual IP address: 10:1:1:
Proxy Gateway with VRRP VLT proxy gateway solves the inefficient traffic trombone problem when VLANs are extended between date centers and when VMs are migrated between the two DCs. Starting from Dell EMC Networking OS 9.14.0.0, VRRP provides a much simpler method to solve the traffic trombone problem. This is achieved by configuring same VRRP group IDs to the extended L3 VLANs and VRRP stays active-active across all four VLT nodes even though they are in two different VLT domains.
• The core routers C1 and D1 in local VLT Domain along with C2 and D2 in the remote VLT Domain are part of a Layer 3 cloud. • The core routers C1, D1, C2, D2 are in a VRRP group with the same vrrp-group ID. When a virtual machine running in Server Rack 1 migrates to Server Rack 2, L3 packets for that VM are routed through the default gateway. The following examples show sample configurations of the core routers.
back-up destination 10.16.140.5 system-mac mac-address 00:00:aa:00:00:00 unit-id 1 peer-routing interface port-channel 128 channel member ten 1/1/1 channel member ten 1/1/2 no shutdown int ten 1/5/1 port-channel-protocol lacp port-channel 10 mode active no shut int ten 1/4/1 port-channel-protocol lacp port-channel 20 mode active no shut interface port-channel 10 vlt-peer-lag po 10 switchport no shutdown interface port-channel 20 vlt-peer-lag po 20 switchport no shutdown int vlan 100 ip address 100.1.1.
no shut int ten 1/4/1 port-channel-protocol lacp port-channel 20 mode active no shut interface port-channel 10 vlt-peer-lag po 10 switchport no shutdown interface port-channel 20 vlt-peer-lag po 20 switchport no shutdown int vlan 100 ip address 100.1.1.3/24 tagged port-channel 10 vrrp-group 10 advertise-interval 60 virtual-ip 100.1.1.254 priority 100 no shutdown int vlan 200 tagged port-channel 20 no shutdown router ospf 10 network 100.1.1.
no shutdown int vlan 100 ip address 100.1.1.4/24 tagged port-channel 10 vrrp-group 10 advertise-interval 60 virtual-ip 100.1.1.254 priority 100 no shutdown int vlan 200 tagged port-channel 20 no shutdown router ospf 10 network 100.1.1.
64 Debugging and Diagnostics This chapter describes debugging and diagnostics for the device. Offline Diagnostics The offline diagnostics test suite is useful for isolating faults and debugging hardware. The diagnostics tests are grouped into three levels: • Level 0 — Level 0 diagnostics check for the presence of various components and perform essential path verifications. In addition, Level 0 diagnostics verify the identification registers of the components on the board.
diag stack-unit stack-unit-number When the tests are complete, the system displays the following message and automatically reboots the unit. Diagnostic results are printed to a file in the flash using the filename format TestReport-SU-.txt. Log messages differ somewhat when diagnostics are done on a standalone unit and on a stack member. 4 View the results of the diagnostic tests. EXEC Privilege mode show file flash://TestReport-SU-stack-unit-id.
Example of the show interfaces transceiver Command DellEMC#show interfaces tengigabitethernet 1/26/1 transceiver QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP QSFP 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 26/1 Serial ID Base Fields Id = Ext Id = Connector = Transceiver Code = Encoding = Length(SFM) Km = Length(OM3) 2m = Length(OM2) 1m = Length(OM1) 1m = Length(Copper) 1m = Vendor Rev = Laser Wavelength =
Troubleshoot an Over-temperature Condition To troubleshoot an over-temperature condition, use the following information. 1 Use the show environment commands to monitor the temperature levels. 2 Check air flow through the system. Ensure that the air ducts are clean and that all fans are working correctly. 3 After the software has determined that the temperature levels are within normal limits, you can re-power the card safely. To bring back the line card online, use the power-on command in EXEC mode.
OID String OID Name Description .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.4 dellNetFpPacketBufferTable View the modular packet buffers details per stack unit and the mode of allocation. .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.5 dellNetFpStatsPerPortTable View the forwarding plane statistics containing the packet buffer usage per port per stack unit. .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.27.1.6 dellNetFpStatsPerCOSTable View the forwarding plane statistics containing the packet buffer statistics per COS per port.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • show hardware stack-unit stack-unit-number cpu data-plane statistics show hardware stack-unit stack-unit-number cpu party-bus statistics show hardware stack-unit stack-unit-number drops unit unit-number show hardware stack-unit stack-unit-number unit unit-number {counters | details | port-stats [detail] | register | ipmc-replication | table-dump} show hardware {ip | ipv6 | mac} {eg-acl | in-acl} stack-unit stack-unit-number port-set 0 pipeline 0-3 show hardware ip qos stack-
HOL DROPS on COS6 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS7 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS8 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS9 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS10 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS11 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS12 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS13 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS14 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS15 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS16 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS17 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS18 : 0 HOL DROPS on COS19 : 0 TxPurge CellErr : 0 Aged Drops : 0 --- Egress MAC counters--Egress FCS Drops : 0 --- Egress FORWARD PROCESSOR Drops --IPv4 L3UC Aged & Drops : 0 TTL Threshold Drops : 0 INVALID VLAN CNTR Drops :
rxPkt(COS5 ) :0 rxPkt(COS6 ) :0 rxPkt(COS7 ) :0 rxPkt(COS8 ) :773 rxPkt(COS9 ) :0 rxPkt(COS10) :0 rxPkt(COS11) :0 rxPkt(UNIT0) :773 transmitted :12698 txRequested :12698 noTxDesc :0 txError :0 txReqTooLarge :0 txInternalError :0 txDatapathErr :0 txPkt(COS0 ) :0 txPkt(COS1 ) :0 txPkt(COS2 ) :0 txPkt(COS3 ) :0 txPkt(COS4 ) :0 txPkt(COS5 ) :0 txPkt(COS6 ) :0 txPkt(COS7 ) :0 txPkt(COS8 ) :0 txPkt(COS9 ) :0 txPkt(COS10) :0 txPkt(COS11) :0 txPkt(UNIT0) :0 Example of Viewing Party Bus Statistics DellEMC#sh hardwar
Example of Displaying Counter Information for a Specific Interface DellEMC#show hardware counters interface hundredGigE 1/1 unit: 0 port: 50 (interface Hu 1/1) Description Value RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX RX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX - IPV4 L3 Unicast Frame Counter IPV4 L3 Routed Multicast Packets IPV6 L3 Unicast Frame Counter IPV6 L3 Routed Multicast Packets Unicast Pack
TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX - Byte Counter Control Frame Counter Pause Control Frame Counter Oversized Frame Counter Jabber Counter VLAN Tag Frame Counter Double VLAN Tag Frame Counter RUNT Frame Counter Fragment Counter PFC Frame Priority 0 PFC Frame Priority 1 PFC Frame Priority 2 PFC Frame Priority 3 PFC Frame Priority 4 PFC Frame Priority 5 PFC Frame Priority 6 PFC Frame Priority 7 Debug Counter 0 Debug Counter 1 Debug Counter 2 Debug Counter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 drwx drwx drwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx -rwx 4096 4096 4096 512 1868977 1553622 1523296 1523523 1527504 1738282 1525213 765783 784725 787785 797852 1552883 803356 1523099 1828006 161797 43275928 1810311 1812442 1810601 1800256 1798111 1887496 1913790 Jul Jan Jul Sep Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Aug Aug Sep Sep
You can use the capture-duration timer and the packet-count counter at the same time. The TCP dump stops when the first of the thresholds is met. That means that even if the duration timer is 9000 seconds, if the maximum file count parameter is met first, the dumps stop. To enable a TCP dump, use the following command. • Enable a TCP dump for CPU bound traffic.
65 Standards Compliance This chapter describes standards compliance for Dell EMC Networking products. NOTE: Unless noted, when a standard cited here is listed as supported by the Dell EMC Networking OS, the system also supports predecessor standards. One way to search for predecessor standards is to use the http://tools.ietf.org/ website. Click “Browse and search IETF documents,” enter an RFC number, and inspect the top of the resulting document for obsolescence citations to related RFCs.
SFF-8431 SFP+ Direct Attach Cable (10GSFP+Cu) MTU 12,000 bytes RFC and I-D Compliance Dell EMC Networking OS supports the following standards. The standards are grouped by related protocol. The columns showing support by platform indicate which version of Dell EMC Networking OS first supports the standard. General Internet Protocols The following table lists the Dell EMC Networking OS support per platform for general internet protocols. Table 136.
R F C # Full Name S-Series S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 24 Definition of 7.7.1 74 the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 26 PPP over 15 SONET/SDH 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 26 A Two Rate 9 Three Color 8 Marker 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.
General IPv4 Protocols The following table lists the Dell EMC Networking OS support per platform for general IPv4 protocols. Table 137. General IPv4 Protocols RF C# Full Name S-Series S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 791 Internet Protocol 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 826 An Ethernet Address Resolution 7.6.1 Protocol 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.
General IPv6 Protocols The following table lists the Dell EMC Networking OS support per platform for general IPv6 protocols. Table 138. General IPv6 Protocols RFC # Full Name S-Series 1886 DNS Extensions to support IP 7.8.1 version 6 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 1981 Path MTU Discovery for IP (Part version 6 ial) 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) The following table lists the Dell EMC Networking OS support per platform for BGP protocols. Table 139. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) RFC# Full Name S-Series/ZSeries S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 1997 BGP ComAmtturnibituitees 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 2385 Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5 Signature Option 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 2439 BGP Route Flap Damping 7.8.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) The following table lists the Dell EMC Networking OS support per platform for OSPF protocol. Table 140. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) RFC # Full Name S-Series/ZSeries S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 1587 The OSPF Not-SoStubby Area (NSSA) Option 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 2154 OSPF with Digital Signatures 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 2370 The OSPF Opaque LSA Option 7.6.1 9.8(0.
RFC# Full Name S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 3784 Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 5120 MT-ISIS: Multi Topology (MT) 9.8(0.0P2) Routing in Intermediate System to Intermediate Systems (ISISs) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 5306 Restart Signaling for IS-IS 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.
Multicast The following table lists the Dell EMC Networking OS support per platform for Multicast protocol. Table 143. Multicast RFC# Full Name S-Series S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 1112 Host Extensions for IP Multicasting 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 2236 Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.10(0.1) 9.10(0.1) 3376 Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 3 7.8.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) dot1dTpLearnedEntryDiscards object] 1724 RIP Version 2 MIB Extension 1850 OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 1901 Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 2011 SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the Internet Protocol using SMIv2 7.6.1 9.8(0.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON Internet-standard Network Management Framework 2578 Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2) 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 2579 Textual Conventions for SMIv2 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 2580 Conformance Statements for SMIv2 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 3418 Management Information Base (MIB) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 3434 Remote Monitoring MIB 7.6.1 Extensions for High Capacity Alarms, High-Capacity Alarm Table (64 bits) 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 3580 IEEE 802.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 9.2(0.0) 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) isisISAdjIPAddrTable isisISAdjProtSuppTable draftietfnetmod interfac escfg-03 Defines a YANG data model for the configuration of network interfaces. Used in the Programmatic Interface RESTAPI feature. IEEE 802.1A B Management Information Base 7.7.1 module for LLDP configuration, statistics, local system data and remote systems data components. 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) FORCE Force10 E-Series Enterprise 10Chassis MIB CHASS IS-MIB 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) FORCE Force10 File Copy MIB (supporting 7.7.1 10SNMP SET operation) COPYCONFI G-MIB 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S3048–ON S4048–ON Z9100–ON S4048T-ON S6010–ON FORCE Force10 Textual Convention 10-TCMIB 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) FORCE Force10 Trap Alarm MIB 10TRAPALARM -MIB 7.6.1 9.8(0.0P2) 9.8(0.0P5) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) 9.8(1.0) ONENT -MIB MIB Location You can find Force10 MIBs under the Force10 MIBs subhead on the Documentation page of iSupport: https://www.force10networks.com/CSPortal20/KnowledgeBase/Documentation.
66 X.509v3 supports X.509v3 standards. Topics: • • • • • • • • • Introduction to X.509v3 certification X.509v3 support in Information about installing CA certificates Information about Creating Certificate Signing Requests (CSR) Information about installing trusted certificates Transport layer security (TLS) Online Certificate Status Protocol (OSCP) Verifying certificates Event logging Introduction to X.509v3 certification X.
1 An entity or organization that wants a digital certificate requests one through a CSR. 2 To request a digital certificate through a CSR, a key pair is generated and the CSR is signed using the secret private key. The CSR contains information identifying the applicant and the applicant's public key. This public key is used to verify the signature of the CSR and the Distinguished Name (DN). 3 This CSR is sent to a Certificate Authority (CA).
The Root CA generates a private key and a self-signed CA certificate. The Intermediate CA generates a private key and a Certificate Signing Request (CSR). Using its private key, the root CA signs the intermediate CA’s CSR generating a CA certificate for the Intermediate CA. This intermediate CA can then sign certificates for hosts in the network and also for further intermediate CAs.
During the initial TLS protocol negotiation, both participating parties also check to see if the other’s certificate is revoked by the CA. To do this check, the devices query the CA’s designated OCSP responder on the network. The OCSP responder information is included in the presented certificate, the Intermediate CA inserts the info upon signing it, or it may be statically configured on the host. Information about installing CA certificates Dell EMC Networking OS enables you to download and install X.
If you do not specify the cert-file option, the system prompts you to enter metadata information related to the CSR as follows: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank. For some fields there will be a default value; if you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
NOTE: The command contains multiple options with the Common Name being a required field and blanks being filled in for unspecified fields. Information about installing trusted certificates Dell EMC Networking OS also enables you to install a trusted certificate. The system can then present this certificate for authentication to clients such as SSH and HTTPS. This trusted certificate is also presented to the TLS server implementations that require client authentication such as Syslog.
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS compression is disabled by default. TLS session resumption is also supported to reduce processor and traffic overhead due to public key cryptographic operations and handshake traffic. However, the maximum time allowed for a TLS session to resume without repeating the TLS authentication or handshake process is configurable with a default of 1 hour.
NOTE: If you have an IPv6 address in the URL, then enclose this address in square brackets. For example, http:// [1100::203]:6514. Configuring OCSP behavior You can configure how the OCSP requests and responses are signed when the CA or the device contacts the OCSP responders. To configure this behavior, follow this step: In CONFIGURATION mode, enter the following command: crypto x509 ocsp {[nonce] [sign-request]} Both the none and sign-request parameters are optional.
Verifying Server certificates Verifying server certificates is mandatory in the TLS protocol. As a result, all TLS-enabled applications require certificate verification, including Syslog servers. The system checks the Server certificates against installed CA certificates. NOTE: As part of the certificate verification, the hostname or IP address of the server is verified against the hostname or IP address specified in the application.
