User's Manual
Table Of Contents
- 1. Overview
- 2. RF Module Operation
- 3. XBee ZigBee Networks
- Introduction to ZigBee
- ZigBee Stack Layers
- Networking Concepts
- ZigBee Application Layers: In Depth
- Coordinator Operation
- Router Operation
- End Device Operation
- Channel Scanning
- 4. Data Transmission, Addressing, and Routing
- 5. Security
- 6. Network Commissioning and Diagnostics
- 7. Managing End Devices
- 8. XBee Analog and Digital IO Lines
- 9. API Operation
- API Frame Specifications
- API UART Exchanges
- Supporting the API
- API Frames
- AT Command
- AT Command - Queue Parameter Value
- ZigBee Transmit Request
- Explicit Addressing ZigBee Command Frame
- Remote AT Command Request
- Create Source Route
- AT Command Response
- Modem Status
- ZigBee Transmit Status
- ZigBee Receive Packet
- ZigBee Explicit Rx Indicator
- ZigBee IO Data Sample Rx Indicator
- XBee Sensor Read Indicator
- Node Identification Indicator
- Remote Command Response
- Over-the-Air Firmware Update Status
- Route Record Indicator
- Many-to-One Route Request Indicator
- Sending ZigBee Device Objects (ZDO) Commands with the API
- Sending ZigBee Cluster Library (ZCL) Commands with the API
- Sending Public Profile Commands with the API
- 10. XBee Command Reference Tables
- 11. Module Support
- Appendix A: Definitions
- Appendix B: Agency Certifications
- United States FCC
- OEM Labeling Requirements
- FCC Notices
- FCC-Approved Antennas (2.4 GHz)
- Europe (ETSI)
- OEM Labeling Requirements
- Restrictions
- Declarations of Conformity
- Approved Antennas
- XBee RF Module
- XBee-PRO (S2) RF Module
- XBee-PRO (S2B) RF Module
- Canada (IC)
- Transmitters for Detachable Antennas
- Detachable Antenna
- Appendix C: Migrating from ZNet 2.5 to XBee ZB
- Appendix D: Additional Information
©2009DigiInternational,Inc. 43
4.DataTransmission,Addressing,andRout‐
ing
Addressing
All ZigBee devices have two different addresses, a 64-bit and a 16-bit address. The characteristics
of each are described below.
64-bit Device Addresses
The 64-bit address is a unique device address assigned during manufacturing. This address is
unique to each physical device. The 64-bit address includes a 3-byte Organizationally Unique
Identifier (OUI) assigned by the IEEE. The 64-bit address is also called the extended address.
16-bit Device Addresses
A device receives a 16-bit address when it joins a ZigBee network. For this reason, the 16-bit
address is also called the "network address". The 16-bit address of 0x0000 is reserved for the
coordinator. All other devices receive a randomly generated address from the router or coordinator
device that allows the join. The 16-bit address can change under certain conditions:
• An address conflict is detected where two devices are found to have the same 16-bit address
• A device leaves the network and later joins (it can receive a different address)
All ZigBee transmissions are sent using the source and destination 16-bit addresses. The routing
tables on ZigBee devices also use 16-bit addresses to determine how to route data packets
through the network. However, since the 16-bit address is not static, it is not a reliable way to
identify a device.
To solve this problem, the 64-bit destination address is often included in data transmissions to
guarantee data is delivered to the correct destination. The ZigBee stack can discover the 16-bit
address, if unknown, before transmitting data to a remote.
Application Layer Addressing
ZigBee devices can support multiple application profiles, cluster IDs, and endpoints. (See "ZigBee
Application Layers - In Depth" in chapter 3.) Application layer addressing allows data
transmissions to be addressed to specific profile IDs, cluster IDs, and endpoints. Application layer
addressing is useful if an application must
• Interoperate with other ZigBee devices outside of the Digi application profile
• Utilize service and network management capabilities of the ZDO
• Operate on a public application profile such as Home Controls or Smart Energy.
The API firmware provides a simple yet powerful interface that can easily send data to any profile
ID, endpoint, and cluster ID combination on any device in a ZigBee network.
Data Transmission
ZigBee data packets can be sent as either unicast or broadcast transmissions. Unicast
transmissions route data from one source device to one destination device, whereas broadcast
transmissions are sent to many or all devices in the network.