Setup guide
Appendix F: TDM Mixing and DSP Usage 99
appendix f
TDM Mixing and DSP Usage
Benefits of TDM II
Digidesign’s TDM (or time division multiplexing) 
technology is based on the concept of a single, 
high-speed data highway, or bus that transmits 
data between your Pro Tools CPU, Pro Tools 
cards, and the DSP chips on the cards.
Pro Tools|HD cards feature Digidesign’s en-
hanced TDM II architecture. The TDM II archi-
tecture provides many advantages over the orig-
inal TDM (or TDM I) architecture in terms of its 
mixing capacity and flexibility.
In TDM systems, individual channels from 
sources such as audio tracks, sends, or busses are 
sent out from Pro Tools audio cards, and com-
bined together or multiplexed onto the TDM bus 
so that all signals can travel simultaneously and 
can be accessed within a single sample period. 
At the receiving end, the audio cards can listen 
to any connection on the bus, and take what-
ever data they need.
The TDM bus runs fast enough to accommodate 
many audio signals at the same time. Each sepa-
rate audio signal or stream, takes up a single time 
slot on this multiplexed bus.
One of most powerful features of the TDM archi-
tecture is that a single time slot can be used to 
“broadcast” data to many destinations simulta-
neously. 
With TDM II, not only can it send data to many 
destinations simultaneously, but it can also 
send signals both bi-directionally and “pri-
vately” between DSP chips, which effectively 
provides a much greater number of available 
time slots. This provides a greater potential 
number of connections for routing, processing 
and mixing audio signals within Pro Tools.
TDM II
With TDM II, there is a separate TDM I/O bus be-
tween each DSP chip on the Pro Tools cards, 
each with up to 512 bi-directional time slots at a 
session sample rate of 44.1 or 48 kHz (both be-
tween DSPs on each card, and between the DSPs 
that communicate between cards). The DSP 
chips are arranged serially, with a TDM I/O bus 
connecting one chip to the next. This means 
that every TDM II connection need only use 
time slots between the two DSPs that are being 
connected. See Figure 11 on page 100.
So, using the same example as above, if an audio 
track has a Reverb One plug-in insert, a time slot 
is used between the Engine DSP (sending out the 
audio track) and the DSP with the Reverb One 
instance. If the Reverb One insert is handled by 
a DSP that is physically next to the DSP han-
dling mixing tasks, as shown in the illustration 
below, this leaves time slot 2 available for use 
between DSP 3 through DSP 9, and subsequent 
Pro Tools|HD cards. 










