Installation manual

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Glossary
Cooling capacity
Heat flow which is extracted from the surroundings by the
evaporator of a heat pump. The heat output of the compressor is
calculated from the electrical power consumption and
refrigerating capacity applied.
Refrigerant
The working medium used in a refrigerating machine or heat
pump is called a refrigerant. It can be characterized as a fluid
which is used for transferring heat in a refrigerating system.
Refrigerants absorb heat at a low temperature and pressure and
emit heat at a higher temperature and pressure. Refrigerants
which are non-poisonous and non-inflammable are designated
as safety refrigerants.
COP, coefficient of performance
The ratio between the absorbed electrical energy and the heat
output emitted by the heat pump is expressed by the coefficient
of performance (COP). This is measured under standardized
boundary conditions in a laboratory according to EN 255 (e.g. for
air A2/W35, A2= air intake temperature +2 °C, W35= heating
water flow temperature 35 °C). A COP of 3.2, for example,
means that 3.2 times the consumed electrical energy is available
as usable heat output.
Ig p,h diagram
Graphic representation of the thermodynamic properties of a
working medium (enthalpy, pressure, temperature).
Mono energy operation
In principle, the mono energy mode of operation is a bivalent-
parallel mode of operation utilizing only one source of energy,
normally electricity. The heat pump supplies a large part of the
required heat output. An electric heating element supplements
the heat pump on those few days during the year with extremely
low external temperatures.
Air-to-water heat pumps are normally dimensioned for a limit
temperature (also known as the bivalence point) of approx.
-5 °C.
Monovalent operation
In this operating mode, the annual heat consumption of the
building is completely covered (100%). This type of application
should be preferred wherever possible.
Brine-to-water and water-to-water heat pumps are normally
operated in monovalent mode.
Buffer tank
The installation of a heating water buffer tank is basically
recommended to lengthen the runtimes of the heat pump during
periods of reduced heating demand.
A buffer tank is absolutely essential for air-to-water heat pumps
to guarantee a minimum runtime of 10 minutes during defrosting
(regular routine for removing frost and ice from the evaporator).
Sound
A distinction is made between two types of sound, airborne
sound and solid-borne sound. Airborne sound is sound which
spreads through the air. Solid-borne sound spreads through solid
materials or fluids and is also partially emitted as airborne sound.
The audible sound range is between 16 and 16,000 Hz.
Sound pressure level
The sound pressure level measured in the surroundings is not a
machine-specific quantity, but a quantity dependent on the test
distance and the test location.
Sound power level
The sound power level is a machine-specific and comparable
parameter for the acoustic output emitted by a heat pump. Both
the sound emission level to be expected at particular distances
and the acoustic environment can be estimated. The standard
treats the sound power level as a characteristic noise value.
Brine / brine fluid
Frost-proof mixture consisting of water and a glycol-based anti-
freeze concentrate for use in ground heat collectors and
borehole heat exchangers.
Evaporator
Heat exchanger of a heat pump in which a heat flow is extracted
by evaporation of a working medium of the heat source (air,
ground water, ground) at a low temperature and with a low
pressure.
Compressor
Machine for the mechanical conveyance and compression of
gases. The pressure and temperature of the refrigerant are
raised considerably by means of compression.
Liquefier
Heat exchanger of a heat pump in which the heat flow is emitted
by liquifaction of a working medium.
Heat consumption calculation
Accurate dimensioning is essential for heat pump systems
because overdimensioned systems increase energy costs and
have a negative effect on efficiency.
The heat consumption is calculated on the basis of national
standards.
The specific heat consumption (W/m
2
) is multiplied by the living
space area to be heated. The result is the total heat consumption
including both the transmission heat consumption as well as the
ventilation heat consumption.
Heating system
The heating system (radiators and circulation pump) has a large
influence on the efficiency of the heat pump heating system, and
should function with the lowest possible flow temperatures. It
consists of the system used for conveying the heat transfer
medium from the warm side of the heat pump to the heat
consumers. For example, in a detached house the heating
system consists of the piping for heat distribution, the underfloor
heating system and/or the radiators and includes all auxiliary
equipment as well.
Heat pump system
A heat pump system consists of the heat pump and the heat
source system. Heat source systems for brine-to-water and
water-to-water heat pumps must be separately tapped.
Heat pump heating system
Complete system consisting of the heat source system, the heat
pump and the heating system.
Heat source
Medium from which heat is extracted with the heat pump.