SUN & HEAT SOLAR PRODUCTS INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE, MAINTENANCE AND INSTALLATION OF THE SOLAR DOMESTIC WATER HEATER THERMOSIPHON 150/2.
THERMOSIPHON 150/2.
Editor: EXERGIA S.A. Athens, 2003-2004 This publication was produced by EXERGIA S.A. in the context of a project supported by the Directorate General for Energy and Transport. Its content has not been adopted or in any way approved by the Commission and should not be relied upon as a statement of the Commission’s or the DirectorateGeneral’s view.
Table of Contents 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.
CAUTION Contact an authorized dealer or the Service Department of SUN&HEAT for the installation, repair and maintenance of this solar domestic hot water system. IMPORTANT SUN&HEAT provides a Guarantee for this product. Relevant terms are included in it. IMPORTANT Contact an authorized dealer or the Service Department of SUN&HEAT for the installation of a Mixing Valve, which restricts the hot water temperature from the solar water heater below 60oC (see paragraph 1.
Thank you for buying this, Thermosiphon 150 /2.5, SUN&HEAT solar domestic hot water system. Please read through these instructions carefully and be sure to keep them handy in a safe place for future reference. By following these instructions you will be able not only to take advantage of the high potential of the solar system for more hot water, but you will ensure its reliable performance and longevity.
The SUN&HEAT Solar Domestic Hot Water System, Thermosiphon 150/2.5, operates without any intervention. Just enjoy the hot water, which is heated by the solar radiation absorbed by the collector during the day. Solar systems for heating water for homes have some important advantages: • They save money for the user, as there is no cost involved in their operation. • Hot water is continuously available.
1.2 Performance of a solar domestic water heater The temperature of the hot water inside a solar water heater at the end of a sunny day depends on the available solar radiation, the temperature of the water supplied by the city network, the ambient air temperature and the temperature of the existing water inside the storage tank at the beginning of the day.
1.3 Need for an auxiliary heater From what has been previously mentioned, it is obvious that in winter, city water temperature is lower and there is less available solar radiation. In summer, however, city water temperature is higher and more solar radiation is available. Therefore, during the winter, it will be necessary to use a supplementary energy source. The back-up heating system of your solar water heater is an electric resistance.
1.6 Clothes washing Hot water from a solar domestic water heater can be used in a washing machine in the case that it (the washing machine) has two feeding pipes, one for hot water and one for cold water. Such washing machines exist and their cost is not higher than the cost of a washing machine with one feeding pipe (cold water). Their washing cycle is faster, because it does not require time for water heating.
latter case, a collector at a high temperature loses energy towards the surrounding environment from all sides, especially through the transparent front cover (glass). Therefore, the main principle for efficient operation of a domestic hot water system is for the water in the storage tank to be at a low temperature in the morning, when solar radiation begins to increase.
its increasing temperatures, which may not be absorbed by the pipes of the city network or the safety valve. 1.10 Freezing weather conditions In the case freezing weather conditions, the SUN&HEAT closed-loop solar water heater is automatically protected, provided that, during installation, the correct solution of water and antifreeze (heat transfer fluid) was used (depending on the installation site). Besides the solar water heater, piping is also exposed to freezing weather conditions.
2.1 Normal operation (heating water by the sun) If your solar water heater is operating inefficiently or is not heating the water in the storage tank, you must consult an authorized dealer or the service Department of SUN&HEAT. Possible reasons for unsatisfactory performance of a DHWS are: • low level of heat transfer fluid inside the collector loop • a dusty or soiled collector surface • an object shading the collector (e.g. a tree, a building, etc.
A SUN&HEAT Thermosiphon 150/2.5 needs some basic maintenance. If maintenance tasks are done, high efficiency is ensured for many years. Some action can be taken by the owner. Periodic maintenance and/or repair work must also be done by a specialized expert from the service department of SUN&HEAT or by an authorized dealer. 3.
Maintenance tasks should be done by either an authorized dealer or by technical experts from the Service Department of SUN&HEAT. Maintenance consists of inspections (and possible repairs) and also replacement of some parts for each component of the solar system as shown below: Solar collector - inspection of the collector front cover, i.e. the glass (for breakage, dirt/dust, shading) - inspection of the components fastening the collector with the support structure (see Figure 4.7a and 4.
Piping to the house etc - inspection of the insulation of the hot and cold water pipes connecting the solar system with the house - inspection for leakage from the same pipes (soldering, connections, etc). - inspection of the water pressure reduction equipment for the city water (in case that such a device is used). Proper operation by the sun - inspection of the efficient operation of the solar water heater by the sun.
For the efficient and reliable operation of the solar water heater, it is necessary to follow the installation instructions that are listed in this Chapter of this leaflet. 4.1 Components of the solar water heater The basic components of the solar water heater Thermosiphon 150/2.5 are shown in Figures 4.1a and 4.1b in the next pages. The solar heater is delivered to the customer in three separate packages.
CAUTION Make sure that the collector is not heated by the sun during the installation, by appropriately covering it. 5 6 8 4 2 3 7 1. Hot water storage tank 2. Solar collector 3. Mounting frame 4. Electric heater flange side of the tank (electric heater, thermostat, anode) 5. Expansion tank of the closed loop 6. Safety valve (pressure) of the closed loop 7. Closed loop “cold” pipe (fluid flows from the tank to the collector) 8.
9 11 3 1 10 2 1. Hot water storage tank 2. Solar collector 3. Mounting frame 9. Domestic hot water outlet from the storage tank 10. Combined “safety (pressure) one-way” valve 11. Domestic cold water inlet to the storage tank Figure 4.1b Basic components of the Thermosiphon 150/2.
4.4 Collector orientation The solar collector should face true south in order to have as much solar energy falling on it as possible, during a day. In many cases, a slight westerly orientation is preferable to true south, in order to take advantage of the afternoon’s higher outdoor temperatures, which leads to better collector performance. Divergence of up to 20o from southern orientation creates a very small reduction of the amount of solar irradiation on the collector plane.
22 23 24 22 23 25 21. Tank circular arc support 22. Vertical leg 23. Inclined (45o) leg 24. Diagonal connector 25. Horizontal connector 27. Lower collector support bar (see Figure 4.7a) 28. Upper collector support bar (see Figure 4.7b) Figure 4.2 Part of the mounting frame of the solar water heater Thermosiphon 150/2.
21 21 22 22 21. Tank circular arc support 22. Vertical leg Figure 4.3 Attaching the tank circular arc support to the vertical leg (Step 1). 21 23 22 21. Tank circular arc support 22. Vertical leg 23. Inclined (45o) leg Figure 4.4 Attaching the inclined leg to the vertical leg of the mounting frame (Step 2).
22 24 22 24 24 22. Vertical leg 24. Diagonal connector Figure 4.5 Attaching the diagonal connectors between the two vertical legs (Step 3).
23 22 24 25 22. Vertical leg 23. Inclined (45o) leg 25. Horizontal connector Figure 4.6 Attaching the horizontal connector between the inclined and the vertical legs (Step 4). 4.7 Fastening the collector on the mounting frame Attach first the lower collector support bar in the mounting frame, as it shown in the upper photo of Figure 4.7a. Please do not tighten fully the screws. Bring and put the collector on the mounting frame.
water and until the closed loop is filled with the heat transfer fluid. Exposing a “dry” collector to the solar radiation will cause the absorber to develop high temperatures (more than 150oC). Under these conditions, there is the possibility of boiling of the heat transfer fluid (when it will be put in the collector) and as a consequence the danger of an accident. In addition, the connecting ends of the collector will develop high temperature. 27 2 27 2. Solar collector 27.
28 28 2 2 1. Solar collector 18. Upper collector support bar Figure 4.7b Fastening the collector on the mounting frame (Step 2). 4.8 Mounting the hot water storage tank Place the tank onto the mounting frame evenly between the two vertical legs (see Figure 4.1a), with the electric heater flange side to the left, as you look at the solar heater from the front.
Before making any connection, the pipe thermal insulation (see Figure 4.10) should be passed outside from the plastic connecting pipes. The length of the insulation is longer than the corresponding pipes, so that the insulation can cover also the fittings at all connecting points, as shown in Figure 4.11. In Figure 4.12 vinyl tape has been used to attach the pipe insulation in the fitting at the inlet to the heat exchanger of the tank. Similarly vinyl tape has to be used in the collector inlet and outlet.
1 Tank heat exchanger outlet 7 2 1. Hot water storage tank 2. Solar collector 7. Closed loop “cold” pipe (flow from the tank to the collector) Figure 4.
Figure 4.10 Thermal insulation for the connecting pipes between the collector and the tank Storage Heat exchanger outlet 10 tank 7 1. Hot water storage tank 7. Closed loop “cold” pipe (flow from the tank to the collector) 10. Combined “safety (pressure) one way” valve Figure 4.
1 2 8 7 2 1. Hot water storage tank 2. Solar collector 7. Closed loop “cold” pipe (flow from the tank to the collector) 8. Closed loop “hot” pipe (flow from the collector to the tank) Figure 4.12 Tape is used to attach the thermal insulation in the fitting at the inlet of the heat exchanger of the tank and at the inlet and outlet of the collector 4.
Cold water inlet of the tank 1. Hot water storage tank (lower part) 10. Combined “safety (pressure) one-way” valve Figure 4.13 Attaching the combined “safety 10 (pressure) one-way” valve to the cold water inlet of the storage tank Figure 4.14 Schematic diagram for the installation of the Mixing Valve 4.11 Fastening the mounting frame to the floor of the roof The mounting frame is already in its final location and the various components of the solar water heater have been attached on it.
4.12 Filling the storage tank with water After the fastening of the mounting frame, start filling the storage tank with water from the city network. Some hot water tap in the house should be open for the removal of the air from the tank during the filling process. After the tank is filled and pressurized, check for any leaks at the various connecting points. 4.13 Filling the closed loop with the heat transfer fluid The volume of the closed loop (collector, tank heat exchanger, connecting pipes) is 7.
Figure 4.
4.14 Mounting the closed loop expansion tank & safety valve The location for the mounting of the closed loop expansion tank and safety valve (pressure) is shown in Figure 4.1a. CAUTION Do not add any heat transfer fluid in the expansion tank. The expansion tank should be empty when the closed loop is under cold conditions. 4.
4.16 Exposure of the solar water heater to the sun After completion of the installation, remove the opaque cover from the solar collector. Under these conditions, the solar heater starts to operate on a sunny day. Please check • the closed loop for any leaks • the proper operation of the solar water heater On a cloudy day, the inspection for leaks of the closed system and the proper operation of the solar water heater can not be performed. Please return on a sunny day for these tasks. 4.
1. Date: Service by: Description of works: New parts: Comments: 2. Date: Service by: Description of works: New parts: Comments: 3.
4. Date: Service by: Description of works: New parts: Comments: 5. Date: Service by: Description of works: New parts: Comments: 6.
in the framework of the project: SOL-MED II Widening the use of European Solar Thermal Technologies in Mediterranean Countries following the Successful Model of Greece PART B: Italy, France, Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey Contract No.: NNE5/2002/86 Editor: EXERGIA S.A. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS Apollon Tower, 64 Louise Riencourt Str. • 115 23 Athens, Greece e-mail: office@exergia.gr http://www.exergia.
