INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR MODEL S-4800 FIELD EMISSION SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE Please read through this manual carefully before using the instrument. • Before using the instrument, read the safety instructions and precautions carefully. • Keep this manual in a safe place nearby so it can be referred to whenever needed. Copyright © Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation. 2002. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan. Part No.
NOTICE: 1. 2. 3. 4. Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice for improvement. This manual is copyrighted by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation with all rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted or disclosed to a third party in any form or by any means without the express written permission of Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation.
FOREWORD APPLICATION • The S-4800 SEM utilizes electron beam accelerated at 500 V to 30 kV. The instrument is designed mainly for observation and evaluation of specimens prepared for observation using SEM. • Note that Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation will not be responsible for injury or damage caused by usage of the instrument in a manner not described in this manual.
Before using the equipment, read this instruction manual and pertinent instruction manuals of relevant accessories to assure proper operation of the equipment. Scope of Instruction Manual This instruction manual comprises the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
GUARANTEE Period of Guarantee The charge-free guarantee period is one year from the date of installation. Details of Guarantee (a) (b) (c) (d) The instrument will be repaired free of charge if it malfunctions due to a defect in manufacture within the charge-free guarantee period. Note that a substitute part may be used for repair, or replacement with an equivalent product may be made instead of repair.
GUARANTEE (i) Failure of instrument or damage of basic software, application software or other data due to a computer virus. (j) Failure of the PC used with the instrument or damage to basic software, application software and/or data because of momentary voltage drop caused by lightning or power interruption. (k) Failure of the PC used with the instrument or damage to basic software, application software and/or data caused by turning off the PC main power without taking the normal termination procedure.
INSTALLATION AND AFTER-SALES SERVICE Installation • Installation at delivery will be carried out by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation installation engineers. • Before installation, refer to section 1 and prepare the necessary utilities. • Installation at another place after delivery will be provided at charge. Consult your nearest Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation service representative for details.
Available Training Programs Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation offers various kinds of training programs at its own facilities or at the user’s site and facilities to ensure proper and safe operations of the equipment to its full performance. Please contact your sales representative about the details of the training programs and application to them. Applicants will be charged.
SAFETY SUMMARY General Safety Guidelines Before operating the machine, read the following instructions carefully: • Follow all the operating procedures provided in this manual. • Installation and maintenance must be entrusted to personnel who have received training at and are authorized by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation. • Pay special attention to and follow all the hazard warnings on the machine and in the manual. Failure to do so can cause injury to yourself or damage to the machine.
SAFETY SUMMARY(cont’d) • Installation at delivery, maintenance and/or relocation must be carried out under the supervision of Hitachi-approved specialists. • The customer is responsible for proper ventilation of the room when using chemicals. Inadequate ventilation could cause a health hazard. • Maintenance up to 4.4 in section 4 must be entrusted to the service engineers (of Hitachi Instrument Service). The user should not carry out these procedures.
Electrical Hazard Electrical hazards exist due to the following: Electron Gun : 0.5 to 30 kV DC Ion Pump : 5 kV DC Photomultiplier : 1 kV DC Scintillator of secondary electron detector : 10 kV DC Electrode 1 : 50 V DC Electrode 2 : 200 V (Max) DC Electrode 3 : 100 V (Max) DC ExB : 30 V (Max)DC Penning gauge : 3 kV Photo CRT : 10 kV DC An enclosure is provided for each high voltage power supply sub-unit.
High Temperature Hazard Baking the electron gun part is carried out about once per 6 months to keep high vacuum inside the part. When baking, the surface of the gun housing and ion pumps reaches around 250 °C. The electron gun part is surrounded by a metal guard to prevent high temperature hazard caused by direct contact. However, the temperature of the upper stage surface rises up to 100 °C and the temperature of the side cover surface also rises up to 75 °C.
Laser light Hazard The CD-ROM or CD R/W drive in the personal computer provides with a laser device. Personal Computer with a laser device complies with safety standards, including International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 825. With specific regard to the laser, the equipment complies with laser product performance standards set by US government agencies for a Class 1 laser product.
Fig S-1 Warning labels on the Main unit (standard version) SAFETY - 6
Fig S-2 Warning labels on the Display unit (standard version) SAFETY - 7 Pinch
（NOTICE : (Labels with(S2) are put to SEMI-S2 guideline conforming version) Fig S-3 Warning labels on the Main unit (ANSI style labels) SAFETY - 8
（NOTICE : (Labels with(S2) are put to SEMI-S2 guideline conforming version) Fig S-3 Warning labels on the Display unit (ANSI style labels) SAFETY - 9
WARNING Beware of electric shock • Voltages up to 100 V AC and 30 kV DC are used inside this instrument. Do not touch inside or you may receive an electric shock. • Do not remove the covers of column unit, control unit or power unit and do not touch internal parts or circuits while the instrument power is turned on. There is a hazard of fatal or serious injury due to electric shock. • Avoid removing the covers of the instrument.
WARNING (cont’d) The CD-ROM or CD R/W drive in the personal computer provides with a laser device. Laser Light Be sure to observe the following warnings when operating a product equipped with a laser device. ・ Do not try to open the unit enclosure. There are no user-serviceable components inside. ・ Do not operate controls, make adjustments, or perform procedures to the laser device other than those specified herein. ・ Allow only Service persons to repair the unit.
Other Relevant Precautions • Water Leakage Detection A water-leakage detector is not provided with this equipment. Water leakage may be caused by corrosion and cracks along the water flow system developed by changes in cooling-water quality and pressure. If a cooling-water circulating system is not installed, you should install a water-supply kit; the water-supply kit is provided with a pressurereducing valve and a water-leakage sensor, preventing an accident of water pooling.
Other Relevant Precautions (cont’d) • Third Party’s Application Programs Do not install a third party’s application programs into the PC of the equipment. Those application programs can be responsible for display of unexpected windows, adverse effects on the equipment, and interference in the operation of the system program. Hitachi shall not be liable for the troubles caused by such application programs.
Other Relevant Precautions (cont’d) (d) • • • • • • Power Saving mode Do not use the Power Saving mode. It will cause trouble for communication between the PC and internal microprocessor. (f) Virtual memory setting Do not change the virtual memory setting.
Emergency Off Button The Emergency Off button (EMO) is a red, mushroom shaped pushbutton switche, that is located on the Evacuation control panel of Main unit. Its purpose is to shut off all power in the system when pushed, and it is a non- momentary switch which is never be overridden even during servicing of the system. Fig S- 5 Location of Emergency Off button It is recommended to check the function of Emergency Off circuit during the regular maintenance.
Main Power Disconnect Lock out/tag out procedure are very important safety concern. The purpose of the lock out/tag out procedure is to insure safety while working on electrical and mechanical equipment. Make sure you get introduced to the person responsible for the equipment at the site. When you need to power down the system and work on it in that state, you must lock out/tag out. If the main Disconnect is a knife switch, turn it off and place your pad lock in the hole provided.
INTERLOCK Electron Gun Ion Pump Other High Voltages Baking power supply Unit power supply Protection for Earthquakes Gravity location of units Water-leakage detection The Gun cable is now interlocked with a momentary switch. If the cover at the top of the electron gun is removed to disconnect gun cable, the High Voltage applied to the electron gun is shut off. This switch can be overridden for service. However, if the cable is replaced the service override is removed.
Fig S- 6 Location of safety interlock SAFETY - 18
Fig S- 7 Protection from movement during earthquakes (Display unit) SAFETY - 19
Fig S- 8 Protection from movement during earthquakes (Main unit) SAFETY - 20
Fig S- 9 Gravity location of Main unit (Type1) SAFETY - 21
Fig S- 10 Gravity location of Main unit (Type2) SAFETY - 22
Fig S- 11 Gravity location of Display unit (Not include monitor display) SAFETY - 23
Fig S- 12 An example of the water-leakage detector SAFETY - 24
PRECAUTIONS ON HANDLING For the sake of safety, the following points should be taken into consideration. 1. PRECAUTIONS FOR TRANSPORT CAUTION (1) Do not lift the instrument by holding the table. The strength of table fitting is not sufficient for bearing the weight of display unit, approximately 200 kg. Should the table be lifted, the display unit might slip off and crash. Hence, it is recommended to remove the table and transport the display unit independently when moving the instrument.
CAUTION (1) Never touch the electron gun with bare hands in the course of baking and cooling. High temperature during baking may cause burns. (2) When using liquid nitrogen, wear leather gloves and protective glasses. There is danger if it touches the skin as it can cause low temperature burns. Also, make sure there is enough ventilation in the room to prevent oxygen deficiency. (3) When the anti-contamination trap is filled with liquid nitrogen, do not allow an air leak in the specimen chamber.
NOTICE (1) Allow an interval of at least 20 seconds between turning on or off the EVAC POWER and DISPLAY POWER switches. (2) Replace the oil filter of the oil-sealed rotary pump every six months. (3) For the air compressor and oil-sealed rotary pump, perform draining of water, check of oil level etc. with reference to the check card attached to the instrument. (4) Do not press the EMERGENCY switch except in emergencies.
5. CAUTIONS ON OPERATION (1) During operation, occasionally confirm that the ion pumps are in a stable state. IP-1 2 × 10-7 Pa or better IP-2 2 × 10-6 Pa or better IP-3 5 × 10-5 Pa or better (2) When emission current varies widely during operation depress the HV OFF switch to cut off high voltage of the electron gun. Then, set the flashing intensity to ‘2’ or ‘3’, and carry out flashing. (3) When leaving the instrument depress the HV OFF switch.
(1) FLASHING Principle of Field Emission Electron Gun Figure 1 shows the principle of the field emission electron gun. The gun consists of cathode, first anode and second anode. An extracting voltage (Vext) is applied between the cathode and first anode, and electrons are emitted from the cathode. The electrons are accelerated by an accelerating voltage (Vacc). The cathode need be cleaned occasionally by turning on the flashing power supply in order to remove adsorbed gas on the surface of the cathode.
Gas Molecules Cathode Tip (a) Fig. 3 A : B : C : (b) (c) (d) Status Transition of Adsorbed Gas Molecules on Cathode Tip In the initial reduction period, or just after flashing, gas is completely discharged from the cathode tip. (See (a) of Fig. 3.) As gas molecules are gradually adsorbed onto the cathode, emission current decreases. In this stage, gas molecules are desorbed, adsorbed and transferred. So noise (fluctuation of emission current) occurs. (See (b) of Fig. 3.
(3) Flashing Procedure (a) Check and set up intensity of flashing as follows: Click the HV display area on the control panel. The HV control dialog window will open. (b) Click the Flashing button on it. The Flashing execution dialog window will open. Set Intensity to “2” and click Execute button. The emission current value caused by flashing will be displayed on the Ie part of the HV Display area about 2 seconds. Usually flashing is set at Intensity ‘2’.
SPECIFICATION Specifications for Hitachi Model S-4800, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope 1. Resolution: Accelerating voltage 15 kV Working distance = 4 mm .............................. 1.0 nm Accelerating voltage 1 kV Working distance = 1.5 mm ........................... 2.0 nm 2. Magnification: High magnification mode ............................... 100× to 800,000× Low magnification mode ................................ 30× to 2,000× 3. Electron Optics: (1) Electron gun ..............
4. Specimen Stage Motion 5. Model S-4800, Type I Model S-4800, Type II X Traverse 0 to 50 mm (continuous) 0 to 110 mm (continuous) Y Traverse 0 to 50 mm (continuous) 0 to 110 mm (continuous) Z Traverse 1.5 to 30.0 mm (continuous) 1.5 to 40.0 mm (continuous) Tilt -5° to +70° -5° to +70° Rotation 360° (continuous) 360° (continuous) Specimen size Max. 100 mm (diameter) (airlock type specimen exchange) Max.
(6) Signal processing modes ....................Automatic brightness control, Gamma control, Automatic focus, Automatic stigmator (7) Automatic data display ........................Image number, accelerating voltage, magnification, micron bar, micron value, date/time and working distance can be printed on the film. (8) Data entry ............................................Alphanumeric characters, numbers, and marks can be written on the image from the keyboard. (9) Electrical image shift............
INSTALLATION CONDITIONS 1. Power Requirements 100 V AC (±10%), single phase, 50/60 Hz, 4 kVA In case to use other voltage than 100V AC, a double insulation transformer should be provided by user. Exclusive grounding of less than 100 ohms in ground resistance should be provided by user. 2. Physical Dimensions Main unit ............................. S-4800I 840 (W) × 966 (D) × 1620 (H) mm: 583 kg S-4800II 840 (W) × 966 (D) × 1660 (H) mm: 651 kg Display unit ...........................................
(4) Floor vibration S-4800 Type I Oscillation Frequency (Hz) 1.0 1.4 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 10.0 Allowable Amplitude (X, Y) (µm Peak to Peak) Less than 7.0 Less than 2.0 Less than 2.0 Less than 4.0 Less than 4.5 Less than 4.5 Less than 4.0 Less than 3.0 Oscillation Frequency (Hz) 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 10.0 Allowable Amplitude (Z) (µm Peak to Peak) Less than 25.0 Less than 14.0 Less than 5.0 Less than 2.9 Less than 1.8 Less than 1.0 Less than 1.1 Less than 1.
4. Water Supply and Drain (1) Water flow rate ........................ 1 to 1.5 L/min (2) Water pressure ........................ 50 to 100 kPa (3) Water temperature................... 10 to 20 °C (temperature variation: less than 0.5 °C/10 min) (4) Water supply port .................... One port, with Rc 3/8 taper internal thread. (If water contains significant deposit or impurities, consult Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation separately.) Water drain port.......................
MODEL S-4800 FIELD EMISSION SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE Table of Contents FOREWORD...................................................................................................... FOREWORD-1 Scope of Instruction Manual ....................................................................... FOREWORD-2 GUARANTEE..................................................................................................... FOREWORD-3 INSTALLATION AND AFTER-SALES SERVICE............................................
Table of Contents (Cont’d) PRECAUTIONS ON HANDLING ...................................................................... PRECAUTION-1 1. Precautions for Transport ................................................................... PRECAUTION-1 2. Precautions for Power Connection ..................................................... PRECAUTION-1 3. General Precautions ........................................................................... PRECAUTION-3 4. Measures for Emergency..........................
Table of Contents (Cont’d) 2. FUNCTIONS .................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Control Knobs and Switches on Main Unit ........................................................... 2-2 2.1.1 Main unit (column) .................................................................................. 2-2 2.2 Control Knobs and Switches on Display Unit.......................................................... 2-13 2.2.1 Display .......
Table of Contents (Cont’d) 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Application of High Voltage .................................................................................. 3-12 3.3.1 Condition where the gun high voltage is applicable................................ 3-12 3.3.2 Flashing .................................................................................................. 3-12 3.3.3 Setting of Accelerating Voltage and Emission Current ........................... 3-13 3.3.
Table of Contents (Cont’d) 3.9.8 Data Entry Function ................................................................................ 3-94 3.9.9 Raster Rotation, Dynamic Focus and Tilt Compensation ....................... 3-97 3.9.11 Printing images using Report generation function .................................. 3-99 3.9.12 Copy Image ............................................................................................ 3-101 3.9.13 Copy Image information text.....................................
Table of Contents (Cont’d) 4.4 Troubleshooting .................................................................................................... 4-12 4.4.1 When Column Evacuation does not Work .............................................. 4-12 4.4.2 When Specimen Exchange Chamber Vacuum is not Good ................... 4-12 4.4.3 When Specimen Chamber Vacuum is not Good .................................... 4-13 4.4.4 When Ion Pump Vacuum Degraded .......................................................
1. INSTALLATION Only the persons who have been trained by a certified engineer of the manufacturer are allowed to carry out the installation work described below. 1.1 1.1.1 Installation Requirements General For installing the Model S-4800, the sites and conditions mentioned below must be avoided (1) (2) (3) Room located in the vicinity of transformer substation Room located in the vicinity of elevator Location near electric equipment consuming a large quantity of power (e.g.
1.1.3 (1) Line Power Requirement Single-phase AC, 4 kVA, 50/60 Hz. When the supplied power line voltage is 100V, the instrument works by direct connection. When the supplied power line voltage is other than 100V (200V or others), use a step down transformer to step the power line voltage down to 100V. The transformer which meets to the standard of the country shall be prepared locally. Refer to 1.3.1 Power and Ground Wirings for connection method. (2) (3) 1.1.
1.1.6 Stray Magnetic Field You should measure the stray magnetic field at the place for installing the Model S-4700 in advance. When the requirements given in Table 1-1 are satisfied, no image trouble will occur. Avoid locations at which abrupt electric current change or magnetic field change might occur due to the presence of a large-sized magnetic clutch or power cable for other equipment.
remains unaffected so far as the field strength is within a few ten µT. The allowable values given in Table 1-1 are applicable at the specified working distances (4 mm at accelerating voltage 15 kV and 1.5 mm at 1 kV). At a longer working distance, the allowable value of stray magnetic field becomes smaller. (Namely, image is apt to be affected by stray magnetic field.) 8. 1.1.7 Floor Vibration You should measure the floor vibration at the place for installing the Model S-4700 in advance.
Figure 1-1 shows the relation between frequency of floor vibration and vibration transmittance of the instrument. Since the vibration transmittance is maximum at the resonance point (about 2 Hz) of the anti-vibration mount provided with the instrument, the allowable amplitude is minimum at this point. Please consult with us if the floor vibration exceeds the allowable values. (Vibration should be measured in advance if it is expected to cause a disturbance.
1.1.8 Power Line Noise and Electric Field Noise Image troubles may be observed when a device as given in Table 1-3 or its power line is installed nearby or, even if it is distant, it is a heavy duty type. When selecting the installation site, therefore, whether a source of interference is located nearby or not must be checked.
1.1.9 Disturbance by Sound Waves Sound waves (vibrations of air) adversely affect the Model S-4800 regardless of their frequency and may cause image trouble. To prevent this, confirm before installation that equipment which may cause a sonic disturbance is not located in the vicinity of the S-4800. If such equipment exists, then check for noise level. In general, as the frequency of noise increases, the sound pressure level decreases, and the frequency of noise varies depending on the cause of noise.
3400 RP (500) Weight 230 (540) 225 526 400 960 Main column unit Display unit (800)∗1 840 1000 (400) 966 3000 Air compressor Cooling water circulator (option) (225) Photographing unit (option) 1100 Dimensions in mm Fig.
1.2 Materials or Instruments to be prepared by User See Table 1-4. Table 1-4 Name Materials or Instruments to be Prepared by User Quantity Remarks Ethanol 500 mL Used for cleaning parts. Acetone 500 mL Used for cleaning parts. Liquid nitrogen 2 L/day For cooling the anti-contamination trap. Vacuum evaporator 1 set Used to evaporate carbon onto specimen or bake out aperture plate. Magnetron spattering coater 1 set Used to coat metal onto specimen, or for coating metal onto aperture plate.
1.3.1 Power and Ground Wirings The instrument operates only with a power supply of AC100 V. If using a power voltage other than AC100 V, the double insulation transformer (option) is required. The transformer shall be put after MAIN switch of S-4800. Fig 1-3 shows connection of the step down transformer.
Use 8 square mm cable with M5 wire terminal. CAUTION Be sure that the output of the step down transformer is AC100V ±10%. Irregular connection causing higher voltage will result serious damage to the equipment. Alternately the step down transformer may be put at the input of S-4800. In the case, connect the input of the transformer to the main breaker of the site power supply. Connect the out put to the Main breaker (ELB) of S-4800. Refer fig 1-5 for the connection.
2. FUNCTIONS Fig. 2-1a and 2-1b show the appearance of the Model S-4800 type 1 and Type2. Main unit Display unit Fig. 2-1a Model S-4800 System (type 1) Fig.
2.1 2.1.1 Control Knobs and Switches on Main Unit Main unit (Column) Fig. 2-2 shows the appearance of the S-4800 main unit (type I). Beam monitor preamplifier Electron gun Beam monitor aperture Gun valve Secondary electron detector (Upper) Anti-contamination trap dewar Objective movable aperture Secondary electron detector (Lower) Specimen stage Specimen exchange device Evacuation control panel Fig.
Fig. 2-3 sketches the sectional view of the S-4800 column. Electron gun IP–1 IP–2 Beam monitor aperture 1st condenser lens IP–3 Gun valve (V-1) Objective movable aperture 2nd condenser lens Deflection coil Specimen goniometer stage Objective lens Specimen Specimen chamber Fig.
Fig. 2-4 shows the Type 1 specimen stage. Fine opening control X knob Opening selector Fine opening control Y knob [T] control [Z] control Stage lock switch [R] control Absorbed current measuring terminal [X] control [Y] control Fig. 2-4 Specimen Stage (type I) [X] control : [Y] control : [Z] control : Moves specimen in X direction within a range from 0 to 50 mm. Moves specimen in Y direction within a range from 0 to 50 mm.
Fig. 2-5 shows the appearance of large specimen stage driven by motors (type II). Fine opening control X knob Opening selector Fine opening control Y knob Absorbed current measuring terminal (normally used for specimen bias voltage terminal) Fig. 2-5 Range of movement in X direction Range of movement in Y direction Range of movement in Z direction Large Specimen Stage (type II) : : : Range of movement in R direction : Range of movement in T direction : 0 to 110 mm 0 to 110 mm WD = 1.
Fig. 2-6a and 2-6b show the specimen exchange device of Type 1 and type2 instruments. Specimen exchange control switches Exchange chamber Viewing window (a) Type1 Exchange rod (b) Type2 Fig. 2-6 specimen exchange device [Specimen exchange control switches ] : Switches for Gate valve control and evacuating / air introducing exchange chamber. [Viewing window] : Window to observe inside of specimen chamber when exchanging specimens. [Exchange rod] : Transfer rod for specimen exchange.
Fig. 2-7 shows the block diagram of evacuating system. MV1 MV2 MV3 Electron gun chamber IP1 1st intermediate Chamber IP2 2nd intermediate Chamber IP3 V1 GV SEC: Specimen exchange chamber SC:Specimen chamber PiG-2 LV PeG PiG-1 TMP BT V3 RP leak valve V2 RP Fig.
Fig. 2-8a shows the control panel for evacuation. STAGE POWER switch S.C EVAC switch EVAC POWER switch S.C AIR switch IP RESET switches IP POWER switch IP Backup PS Operation area (Option) TMP Indicator lamp Fig.
Fig. 2-8b shows the Display / Operation area. Numeric / character display Status indicator lamps Display mode selection switches Fig. 2-8a Operation switches Display / Operation area Vacuum of each chamber, status of evacuation sequence and messages are displayed on this area. • Status indicator lamps : When each lamp (IP1 to SEC) is lit, it shows that the corresponding chamber is in good vacuum. Blinking lamp shows that the Numeric / character display is indicating vacuum of the corresponding chamber.
The display status changes as the following table by depressing the MODE switch. Display status Status indicator lamp Initial status IP1 IP2 IP3 S.C No lamp blinks IP1 lamp blinks IP2 lamp blinks IP3 lamp blinks S.C lamp blinks S.E.C S.E.C lamp blinks ECO ECO lamp blinks Numeric / character display No indication IP1vacuum IP2 vacuum IP3 vacuum Specimen chamber vacuum Specimen exchange chamber vacuum 00.00 BAKE BAKE lamp blinks 10.
The following tables show alarm or error message and how to recover from the error. Errors with (*) mark are caused by failure on equipment. [Alarm for operation] Message No. E10 (+ buzzer) E11 (+ buzzer) E12 (+ buzzer) E13 (no buzzer) description recovering operation Specimen exchange rod is not at proper position when the GV is to be closed. Specimen exchange chamber is not closed when the chamber is to be evacuated. Cooling water flow is les than specified limit value.
［Alarm according to gun baking］ Message No. E31(+ buzzer) E32(+ buzzer) E34(+ buzzer) E35(+ buzzer) E36(+ buzzer) description recovering operation HV cable head is not placed to t the cable holder properly. Refer to 4.10 Gun baking. Baking protection cover is not put. Ion pump high voltage is not applied. Ion pump 1 vacuum degraded while baking Baking time setting is not correct.
2.2 2.2.1 Control Knobs and Switches on Display Unit Display Figure 2-9 shows the display unit. Monitor display Keyboard Manual operation panel Mouse DISPLAY Power switch PC (inside the door) C980012 Fig. 2-9 Display Unit • PC ： SEM control personal computer. Placed inside of the door. • Monitor display： Display monitor of PC. For adjustment of the monitor, refer to instruction manual of the monitor. Model of the monitor display will be changed without notice.
Fig. 2-10 shows the front panel of PC. CD-ROM drive unit FD drive unit PC power switch Power lamp Hard disk accessing lamp Fig. 2-10 PC Panel • PC power switch : Power switch of PC. Usually the switch need not be used. PC power is controlled with DISPLAY power switch. • FD drive unit : Floppy disk drive. Be careful not to insert or remove disk while the access lamp is lit. • CD-ROM drive unit : CD-ROM drive. Optionally changed to CDR/W drive. • Hard disk accessing lamp : Shows that hard disk is accessed.
[Focus] [Coarse] [Fine] knobs : Use for coarse and fine focus adjustment. • Magnification/Image shift control section [Magnification] knob : Use for Magnification setting. [Image Shift] knobs : Move image by electrical image shift. • Brightness/Contrast adjusting section [Brightness] knob : Use for brightness adjustment. [Contrast] knob : Use for contrast adjustment. Fig. 2-12 shows the mouse. The mouse has additional two side buttons, S and E button.
2.3 2.3.1 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Starting the PC and logging in the S-4800 program Use the following steps to log on to Windows 2000. (1) Starting up the PC Turn the DISPLAY power switch on. For some models of the PC, the power switch of the PC shall be turned on. (2) Log on A message requesting key in will appear. Press Ctrl, Alt and Delete key simultaneously. Then the logon dialog window will appear. Enter login name and password. Use login name “S-4800” to operate S-4800.
The S-4800 login dialog window will open. Fig. 2-15 S-4800 Loin dialog window At the first starting up after installation of the program, use the log-in name [S-4800] and click the OK button. You need no Password. After log-in names and passwords for them are set, input the name and the password and then, click the OK button. NOTICE: • Setting and maintaining log-in names and passwords shall be done by the system responsible person. Refer to <3.9.
2.3.2 S-4800 SEM Main Window The following is the main window for operation of the microscope. Minimize button Size button Close button Operation Panel Title bar Menu bar Control Panel Operation Panel Fig. 2-16 S-4700 Operation Window Fig 2-16 S-4800 Main window • • • • Title bar: Shows the window title Minimize button: Minimizes the window. The window is iconized and placed on the Task bar Size button: The window status becomes Normal type. You can change the window size.
Three modes of scanning image display are available, Full screen (shown on previous page), Small screen (Fig 2-17 left) and Dual screen (Fig 2-17 right). Fig 2-17 S-4800 Main window (Small and Dual screen mode) 2.3.3 Control arrangement on the window Operation tools are placed as follows. (1) Control panel Control panel is similar as the tool bar of the S-4700 and S-5200 models. Most frequently used controls are placed on it.
(3) Menu bar Almost functions are executed on the menu bar. (4) Mouse operation on the scanning image The S button of mouse changes operation on the scanning image alternately. The following operations are available using mouse. < Image adjustment > Focusing, astigmatism correction and brightness / contrast adjustment < Stage operation > X / Y operation like a joystick, Rotation, Z and Tilt control and image shift (5) Popup menu By clicking the wheel button of mouse shows popup menus.
2.3.4 Menu The menu bar and the toolbar include the following menus and commands. (1) File menu: The File menu includes commands for opening SEM Data Manager, saving files, photo recording, and image printing. • Open SEM Data Manager Opens the SEM Data Manager window. Refer to <3.12 Using SEM Data Manager > • Direct Save Opens the Save Image dialog window. Use it for saving viewing • Direct Photo • Memory Photo • Layout Print • PCI Transfer • Exit images to disk.
• Column • Condition Load • Condition Save • Image Display • Photo Condition • Data Display Opens the Column tab of the Setup dialog window. Use it to select the optimal electron optical column. Refer to <3.4 Optimizing the electron beam> Opens the Op. Cond. Tab of the Setup dialog window. Use it for loading and reproducing previously saved electron optical column condition. Refer to <3.9.6 Operating condition memory> Opens the Op. Cond. Tab of the Setup dialog window.
(5) Scan menu: The Scan menu includes commands for scanning control. • Run (Freeze) • Capture • Capture Reso • Split DM Mode • Scan Speed • Arrange Speed buttons • Scan Size Runs or Freezes scanning alternately. Starts image capturing. Refer to <3.6.4 Image Capturing> Selects capturing image resolution Activates Split/Dual Mag mode. Refer to <3.9.2 Split screen and Dual Mag mode> Selects scanning speed. Refer to <3.5.3 Selecting Scanning Speed> Specifies scanning speed of each of 4 Scanning Speed buttons.
(8) Option menu: The Option menu includes commands for optional functions. • Optional Setup - Op. Panel Setting • Optional Setup - Toolbar Setting • Optional Setup - Stage • Optional Setup - Mouse Operation • Optional Setup - General • Login Setting • Password Setting • Stage Calibration Opens Op. Panel tab of the Optional Setup dialog window. Use for arrangement of functions on the Operation Panel. Refer to <3.9.15 Optional Setting> Opens Toolbar Setting tab of the Optional Setup dialog window.
(10) Help menu: Opens Help for S-4700 SEM operation. • Maintenance Opens the Maintenance dialog window. Use it for checking status of the Evacuation system, gun baking operation and ECO mode setting. • Index • Search • About FE-PC SEM Show the index of S-4800 Help. Show the key-word search of S-4800 Help. Indicates the version of S-4800 PC-SEM. (11) Undo menu : Recovers previous status of doing following operation.
2.3.5 Control Panel Most frequently used controls such that for Image observation, image recording. Usual operation will be able to perform using the Control panel and the manual operation panel. In case of present model S-4700 and S-5200, these controls are placed on the Toolbar and on the top of the Scanning Image window. 2.3.5.
When HV has been applied, click SET button after changing HV value. • Set Ie to • Vext indicator • Flashing button button shows a pull down list of Ie (emission current) value. Select a Ie value. Extracting voltage value is indicated. The button further opens Flasing controller. This button is disabled while HV is applied. (3) Flashing controller • Intensity • Execute button Selects flashing intensity. Use “2” for usual operation. Executes flashing.
2.3.5.3 Scan control block (1) Run button when scanning and changed to while scan Run or freeze scanning. The button is is frozen. To stop scanning, click the button. Scanning continues until it goes to the end of the frame and then, stops. If you wish to stop scanning immediately, click the button again. (2) Scan speed buttons (TV1 to Red1 in above picture) 8 scanning speeds are assigned to 4 buttons. Each of buttons sets 2 scanning speed alternately.
little or no surface detail on the specimen, or when the specimen is charged, Auto Focus will not operate properly. 2.3.5.5 Monitoring function (1) Align Opens Alignment dialog window and starts Aperture alignment. Refer to <3.4.3 Column Alignment operation> (2) Monit Waveform monitor mode is activated. The focus monitor and B/C monitor modes are set alternately by clicking the button. By first click, A waveform is displayed for monitoring the focus. The magnification is set at 1,000X.
Alternately, click the area with the right button to increase or with the left button to decrease magnification in a step. (2) Preset button The three preset magnifications are toggled through with each click of the button. To set preset magnifications, open the Image tab of the Setup dialog window and input desired values in the three Preset Magnification boxes. A mark PM is indicated in the Magnification indicator area when the preset magnification is set.
Direct Save : Opens the Save Image dialog window. Use it for saving viewing images to disk. (To save captured images, use the Save window.. button in the Captured Image Layout Print :Opens the Report Generation dialog window. Use it for printing viewing images to a Windows-supported printer. To print captured images, use Layout Print button on Captured Image window. And for saved images, use the print function on the SEM Data Manager. Direct Photo :Executes Direct Photo recording.
button is green when the stage is at home position. (3) EXC button Move the stage to the position for specimen exchange (X=35, Y=0mm). The indication window beside the button is green when the stage is at specimen exchange position. (4) !STOP button Use the button to stop stage movement when, for example, started with incorrect stage coordinates value. (5) Lock button Z and T axes are locked or released by clicking the button. The indication window beside the button is red when the stage is locked.
(4) Record A / B selection It selects which screen is to be recorded by Record functions. 2.3.6 Operation Panel Operation Panel has three tabs. Controls and setup tools for SEM operation are placed on the SEM and UTILITY tabs. Arrangement of controls is possible to be customized over two tabs. The STAGE tab contains controls for the specimen stage. All controls are available for Type2 5 axes motorized stage, and partially available for Type1 manual and Type1 3 axes motorized stage.
2.3.6.1 SIGNAL SELECT block Signal select box Right half image Signal select box Signal addition indicator SE detector selection Signal control tools GW BSE control button BSE ratio selection box (1) Signal select box Selects image signal for Full and Small screen mode and the A image of Dual screen mode. (2) Right half image Signal select box Selects image signal for the B image of Dual screen mode and the right half image of Split / Dual mag mode.
2.3.6.2 OPE CONDITION block Probe Current mode selection box Focus mode selection box WD(Working distance) set / indicate box WD range indication Condition Load / Save button Setup button (1) Probe Current mode selection Select Normal for resolution prior application or High for application needs large probe current. Refer to <3.4 Optimizing the Electron beam> (2) Focus mode selection Select UHR or HR. In UHR mode, full working distance range is available.
2.3.6.3 R.ROTATION block Controls electron beam scanning direction to rotate image. Rotation ON/OFF check box Rotation angle set and indication box Angle adjust slider Angle adjust button 90°step rotate button To activate raster rotation, check the ON/OFF check box. Rotation angle can be set with the slider, clicking the side of slider, clicking the Angle adjust button or with 90°step rotate button. 2.3.6.
2.3.6.5 SCAN SIZE block Selects a screen mode. (1) Full : Full screen mode Scanning image is displayed on full desktop. (2) Dual : Dual screen mode Two image screens are displayed. Use the mode to observe different signal images simultaneously or for color mixing image observation. (3) Small : Small screen mode Scanning image is displayed with a half size of desktop. Faster frame speeds are available and in some case results better image quality. 2.3.6.
2.3.6.7 SIGNAL PROCESSING block Applies real time digital image processing to the scanning image. Processing selection box Intensity selection box (1) Processing selection box Selects a processing • Smooth : Applies pixel averaging spatial filtering. Reduces snow noise. Effective especially in case of high magnification image where the beam spot size is larger than pixel size. For low magnification having fine structures, it may cause some degradation of sharpness. Two processing intensity selectable.
2.3.6.8 TILT COMPENSATION block Specimen tilting causes defocusing and magnification change to the tilt direction. Tilt compensation is the tool to correct the two phenomena.
then a color composite image of yellow BSE and Blue SE is displayed. image display mode, uncheck the COLOR MIXING box. A color mixing image can be saved as a 24 bit color image file. buttons and then, save the image. Memory or direct photographing does not record color images. 2.3.6.10 To return to standard Select B of the Record A/B Scroll bar and area marker block Sub Brightness control enhances image contrast by using post-processing after image acquisition.
2.3.6.13 Arrangement of control blocks Above controls are placed on SEM and UTILITY tabs by user arrangement. Open the Operation Panel tab of the Optional setup dialog window by selecting Option menu – Optional Setup – Op.Panel Setting. It is recommended to place frequently used controls on the SEM tab, and others to Utility tab. If you do not use some controls, remove them from both two tabs. The names of control blocks are shown on the central column.
2.3.7 Mouse operation on the scanning image Mouse operation tools for adjusting focus, stigma, contrast, brightness and specimen stage are provided. 2.3.7.1. Exchanging mouse control functions Mouse operation tools are divided in three groups, focus/stigma/contrast/brightness and specimen stage and no operation. The S button of the mouse exchanges above groups. Right button Left button Wheel and Wheel button S button E Button Fig 20-21 Mouse 2.3.7.
Area Coarse focus adjustment : move mouse horizontally pressing down right button. Fine focus adjustment : move mouse horizontally pressing down left button. Area Stigma adjustment (X) : move mouse horizontally pressing down left button. Stigma adjustment (Y) : move mouse horizontally pressing down right button. Area Brightness adjustment : move mouse horizontally pressing down left button. Contrast adjustment : move mouse horizontally pressing down right button.
2.3.7.3 Stage and image shift tools Controls shown below will be shown on the scanning image. Type1 manual stage Type2 motorized stage Fig 2-23 Mouse control (stage) (1) Type1 manual stage It is for image shift operation. Move the mouse pointer to a position to be moved and press down left or right button. The pointer will be changed to mark. Move mouse to target position holding down the button and then release the button.
2.3.8.1 Column tab The Column tab is for setting operating condition of the electron optical column. (1) HIGH MAG MODE block Set column condition for High Mag mode. (1-1) Probe current Select Normal or High. For resolution prior operation, use Normal. In case where larger probe current is required, select High. (1-2) Focus Mode Select UHR or HR. UHR mode is optimized for operation at short working distance. Full working distance range allowed for the present accelerating voltage can be used.
particularly in the central field of view at low magnifications. Low Mag mode for observation at low magnifications. In such a case, use Turning Specimen Bias Voltage ON and OFF may cause change of focus, astigmatism and aperture alignment and need adjustment. (1-7) Magnetic Sample Astigmatism correction range is enlarged when the box is checked. Use it for observation of ferromagnetic specimens such as iron that make astigmatism correction difficult.
2.3.8.2 Image tab The Image tab is for setting operating condition regarding to image observation. (1) PRESET MAGNIFICATION block Select or input desired value in the three preset magnification boxes. (2) ABCC block If the results of ABCC are not adequate, you can change the reference brightness and contrast. Adjustable range is –5 to +5. (3) FAST SCAN AVERAGING block Select number of frames to be averaged for TV1,2 and Fast1,2 speeds.
2.3.8.3 Record tab (1) AUTO DATA DISPLAY block (1-1) Auto Data Display Auto data display is engaged when this box is checked. (1-2) Magnification to Time and Signal Name checkboxes These items are include in data display if checked. (1-3) Data Number input box Input data number into this box. Up to ten characters may be keyed in. Do not use "," (comma) and " " (space).
For 640×480 pixels image data →960 lines (16/19 s photographing time) For 1280×960 pixels image data →19200 lines (32/38 s photographing time) For 2560×1920 pixels image data →1920 lines (32/38 s photographing time) (3) BRIGHTNESS/CONTRAST block Sets brightness and contrast for photo recording. These are compensation factors for brightness and contrast adjusted in the scanning image. Adjust these values if a photograph does not have adequate brightness or contrast.
2.3.8.4 OP. Cond tab This function is provided for saving and loading conditions of the electron optical column. Save Load Fig 2-24 Condition Load/Save For detail of operation, refer to < 3.9.
2.3.9 Captured Image Window Captured images are displayed as thumbnails on this window. It opens when you captured an image. Also it can be opened by selecting Captured Image command from Window menu or using the short-cut key (Ctrl + L). The yellow border shows the present selected image. Tool buttons placed on the window are effective for the selected image. To select plural images, click thumbnails pressing down the Ctrl key. The window shows up to 16 images.
2.3.10 SEM Data Manager Window SEM Data Manager is an image-filing program with an easy-to-operate database function. Images are registered to the database automatically when saved. For detail, refer to <3.12 Using SEM Data Manager> 2.3.11 Alignment Dialog Window The Alignment dialog window is used for alignment operations. To open the dialog window, click the Wobbler button in the Scanning Image window or the button on the toolbar.
2.3.12 CD Measurement dialog window (option) Refer to the operation manual of the function. 2.3.13 Comm Port Setting Dialog Window Set parameters for the RS-232C communication ports. Use this command only when the change of the parameters are required. Unexpected change of the default parameters may cause troubles. It opens by selecting Comm Port Setting command from the Option menu. Comm Port Speed Character Length Parity Stop Bit Hand Shaking Retry 2.3.14 Selects one of communication ports.
2.3.15 Oblique Dialog Window The Oblique dialog window is used to display an oblique image. To open the dialog window, select the Oblique command from the Analysis menu. Refer to <3.9.14 Oblique Image> 2.3.16 Password Setting Dialog Window Use the Password Setting Dialog Window for setting or changing the password of the login name for current user. To open this dialog window, select the Password Setting command from the Option menu. Refer to <3.9.
2.3.17 Save Image Dialog Window The Save Image dialog window is used for saving scanning images or captured images. To save scanning images, Use the Direct save button on the Control panel. Use the save button on the captured image window to save captured images. Refer to <3.6 Saving and Recording Images> 2.3.18 Opt Signal Processing Dialog Window The Opt Signal Processing dialog window is used to apply analog processing to signals of optional detector signal. Refer to <3.9.5 Signal Processung> 2.3.
2.3.20 Using Short-Cut Keys Short-cut keys are available for execution of many commands. (1) Using short-cut keys Input Alt + [underlined character in a main menu command] opens the pull-down menu. And then, [underlined character in a pull-down menu] executes the command. For example, Alt + F opens the File menu and S key executes the Direct Save command. While a pull-down menu is open, arrow keys ↑（←）↓（→）select commands in order. The Enter key executes the selected command.
3. OPERATION Shown below is the procedural flow of typical SEM operation. For details, refer to each subsection. 3.1 Preliminary Operation • Check of Column Vacuum .................................. (3.1.1) • Starting the Display............................................. (3.1.2) • Use of Anti-Contamination Trap and Cold Trap . (3.1.3) 3.2 Specimen Setting • • • • • 3.3 Application of High Voltage Cautions on Specimen Preparation....................(3.2.1) Specimen Preparation for Materials .......
3.8 Image Processing 3.9 At the End of Daily Use • Contrast Conversion .......................................... (3.8.1) • Image Processing .............................................. (3.8.2) • Saving Processed Image ................................... (3.8.3) • • • • • Turning High Voltage Off ....................................(3.9.1) Specimen Exchange Position .............................(3.9.2) Taking the Specimen out of the Chamber ..........(3.9.3) Turning the Gun Valve Switch Off ..........
3.1 3.1.1 Preliminary Operation Check of Column Vacuum At the beginning of SEM operation, check the evacuation control panel. The following conditions must be met: (1) Lamps of IP1, IP2 and IP3 RESET switches are lit. (2) Ion pump readings are better than the followings. IP1: 2 × 10-7 Pa IP2: 2 × 10-6 Pa IP3: 5 × 10-5 Pa (Pressing MODE switch on the Evacuation control panel shifts forward the blinking of status display lamps.
3.1.2 Flow the cooling water S-4800 requires water flow for cooling the objective lens coil. It is necessary while the Display unit is powered on. A water valve is provided and is open when the S-4800 control program starts up. It is closed when the POWER switch of the display unit is turned off. (1) When supplying water by city or site water source Open the water source valve before turning the display power to on.
☼☼● ● : 1.8 L / minute ☼☼●☼ : 1.95 L / minute ← maximum value ☼☼☼☼: 2.25 L / minute or more (4) Warning message When water flow is over the maximum limit, E-13 error will be shown on the Evacuation control panel. No buzzer sounds in the case. If it is less than the lower limit, error E-12 will be shown and buzzer sound, and a message indicating (Objective lens over heat or water is not supplied) will be shown on the GUI. These will be gone off when water flow is adjusted. 3.1.
3.1.4 Use of Anti-Contamination Trap For image observation at high magnifications or low accelerating voltages, the use of the Anticontamination trap is recommended to prevent specimen contamination by hydrocarbon build-up. The traps need to be filled with liquid nitrogen. Injection funnel The Anti-contamination trap is a plate above the specimen that adsorbs gas around the specimen. The capacity of the liquid nitrogen dewar is about 0.
3.2 3.2.1 Specimen Setting and Specimen Exchange Cautions on Specimen Preparation During specimen preparation, observe the followings. (1) Use clean gloves when exchanging specimens. Holding the specimen or specimen stub with bare hands should be avoided. (2) Avoid using an excessive amount of conductive paste to fix a specimen on the specimen stub. Ensure that the paste has dried before placing the specimen in the chamber. (3) Select the correct specimen stub for each specimen.
3.2.3 Adjustment of Specimen Height Put the specimen stub on the specimen holder and adjust it to the proper height using the specimen height gauge as shown in the figure. To adjust, loosen the lock screw and adjust the specimen height so that the highest point of the specimen is the same as the bottom of the height gauge. Then, tighten lock screw. specimen stub lock screw height gauge CAUTION Specimen height must be adjusted carefully. It must not be 0.5mm higher than the bottom of the height gauge.
(2) Type II (5-axis motorized stage): Click the EXC button on the control panel. The stage is then moved to the specimen exchange position, and the color of the indicator beside the button turns green. Specimen exchange positions: X: 35.0mm Y: 55.0mm R: 0゜ T: 0゜ Z: 8.0mm NOTICE: Do not repeat clicking the EXC button. The Stop button may become ineffective by it. NOTICE: The specimen exchange position is not same as the stage home position.
(2) Turn the knob of the specimen exchange rod clockwise so as the Unlock mark comes upwards. Insert the rod straightly and plug the two spring pins at the end of the rod to holes of the specimen holder. Turn the knob counterclockwise so as the Lock mark comes upwards to hook on the specimen holder. Looking in the chamber and confirming that the specimen holder comes out with the rod, pull out the rod completely. (3) Press the AIR button on the specimen exchange chamber.
3.2.5.2 Opening the specimen exchange chamber door When a specimen is not set inside the chamber and the specimen exchange chamber has been evacuated, open the exchange chamber door as follows. (1) Press the AIR button on the specimen exchange chamber. Air is introduced into the specimen exchange chamber. Buzzer will sound after about 15 seconds to inform completion of air introduction. (2) Open the exchange chamber door. 3.2.5.
3.3 Application of High Voltage 3.3.1 Condition where the gun high voltage is applicable You can apply high voltage when the HV display area on the control panel is blinking with yellow and blue colors. When the indication is blue, high voltage can not be applied. It will be in almost case because of vacuum degradation of specimen chamber or gun ion pumps. Also the specimen exchange chamber must be evacuated and the gate valve must be closed.
(3) Set Intensity to “2” and click Execute button. The emission current value caused by flashing will be displayed on the Ie part of the HV Display area about 2 seconds. For normal flashing operation, use intensity “2”. However, when the stable stage of the emission current is short, or the emission current begins to increase about 1 hour after applying HV (in that case a large quantity of gas molecules are absorbed on the cathode), use intensity “3”.
3.3.4 Application of High Voltage When the HV Display are is blinking with yellow and blue color, click the ON button on the control panel at the left of the HV Display area. Accelerating voltage (Vacc) and extracting voltage (Vext) are then applied with the emission current values indicated in the HV display area. The gun airlock - valve is opened automatically. The ON button is changed to read SET when the high voltage is applied.
3.4 3.4.1 Optimizing the Electron Beam Selecting a Magnification Mode S-4800 provides two magnification modes, High Mag mode and Low Mag mode. Magnification range of the modes are as follows. High Mag Mode (HM) : ×300 to ×800,000 (The lowest and highest magnification will be changed depending on present accelerating voltage and working distance) Low Mag Mode (LM) : ×20 to ×10,000 Use the High Mag mode for usual observation, and the Low Mag mode for field searching.
surface of the specimen. At a shorter WD, higher resolution is attainable. At a longer WD, a larger tilt angle and a greater depth of focus is attainable. Objective lens WD Specimen When a WD is selected from pull-down menu, the objective lens current is adjusted in order to focus an image at the specified WD. This function is useful for: 1) To obtaining focus of the specimen surface quickly after introducing a specimen. 2) Focusing the specimen at a specific WD.
For detailed condition setting, lick the Setup button on the above OPE CONDITION block. The Column tab of the Setup dialog window will open. (Alternately the Column command in the Setup menu or the Setup button on the tool button area of the Operation panel are available.
select a number from the pull-down menu, click on the up and down button (0.1 step), or key in a number (0.5 to 2.0) followed by the Return key. Note that the optical axis and astigmatism may change when Focus Depth value is changed. NOTICE: Because the primary beam is more sensitive to stray magnetic field as the Focus Depth increases, large values of the Focus Depth may cause image disturbance due to stray magnetic field in high magnification observations.
brightness in the field of view. In such a case, decrease the size of the specimen, use a longer WD, or lower the accelerating voltage in order to correct the astigmatism. (7) Degauss Operation The Degauss operation eliminates hysteresis of the magnetic field in the objective lens. When focus is changed greatly, accuracy of magnification or alignment of the electron optical axis may degrade due to hysteresis of the focusing magnetic field.
3.4.3 Column Alignment Operation For the best performance of the instrument, alignment of the electron optical column axis is necessary. Generally, an electromagnetic alignment is sufficient, while a mechanical alignment may be needed for more critical applications. Perform the following alignment when you change the accelerating voltage, Probe Current mode, or setting of Cond Lens1.
3.4.2 (1) Beam Alignment Beam Alignment is necessary in order to align the electron beam down the center of the electron optical column and through the center of the objective lens aperture. (a) Open the Alignment dialog window by clicking the button on the Control Panel. (b) Click the Beam Align button in Alignment dialog window. A circular image will appear. (c) Make adjustments with the alignment knobs (X and Y) or the mouse so that the circular image appears in the center of screen.
objective lens by clicking the DeGauss button in the Column tab. Precise Aperture Alignment is difficult at low magnifications of 10,000 times or lower. After coarse alignment at low magnifications, do fine alignment at high magnifications of a few ten thousand times. It is important to adjust the focus optimally in order to carry out precise aperture alignment. NOTE: You can bring Aperture Alignment mode directly by clicking the Align the Control Panel.
NOTICE: Complete Beam Alignment and Aperture Alignment before starting Low Mag Position mode. Low Mag Position adjustment is necessary for each Operation Mode. When you changed Operation mode, you need to adjust it again. WD (mm) NOTICE: Lowest magnification in High Mag Mode Lowest magnification in Low Mag Mode 1.5 3500× 35× 2.0 2000× 35× 2.
3.5 Operation for Image Observation Follow the operation below for observation of a scanning image. • • • • • Selecting Magnification .......................................(3.1.1) Selecting Scanning Speed..................................(3.1.2) Image Brightness and Contrast Adjustment .......(3.1.3) Focus Adjustment and Astigmatism Correction..(3.1.3) Operation of Specimen Stage Type I (Manual Stage).................(3.1.3) • Operation of Specimen Stage Type II (5-Axis Motorized Stage)..(3.1.3) 3.5.
The signal intensity of the lower detector significantly decreases at short WD conditions. It is recommended to use the lower detector at a WD of 7mm or longer. (3) Mixed Signal of Upper and Lower Detectors: The upper and lower detector signals can be mixed to show characteristics of both detectors. The intensity of this signal does not vary much for a change of WD.
General Characteristic of signals utilized in S-4800 Signal Characteristics Applications SE signal ･High resolution surface information ･Voltage contrast ･High edge contrast ･Sensitive to specimen charging Useful for ultra high resolution topmost surface observation of light materials like carbon BSE-L signal ･Sensitive to compositional information ･information of depth of specimen ･Less sensitive to specimen charging ･Less edge contrast Useful for microscopy of a wide range of materials, specifical
The image formed with the upper detector is similar to of pure SE. (2) BSE-L Signal Detection When the +BSE button and one of L.A. (L.A.0 to L.A. 100) is selected in the BSE ratio selection box, the upper detector detects the both SE and BSE-L signal combined. Select from the pull down menu or use the up/down buttons. The left side buttons changes in 10 steps and the right side in 1 step. When L.A.0 is selected, the detector signal is almost of SE.
3.5.2 Selecting Magnification There are several ways to select a magnification. (1) Dragging the mouse in the Magnification indication area on the control panel. To increase magnification, drag the mouse to the right. To decrease magnification, drag the mouse to the left. For coarse changes, press the right button and for fine changes, the left button.
3.5.3 Selecting Scanning Speed Eight scanning speeds are available with four buttons. on the To select a scanning speed, click one of the Scan speed icons control panel. Two scanning speeds are assigned to each button. They are set alternately by clicking the button. Totally 14 scanning speeds are available for image observation. The assignment of scanning speeds to four buttons can be customized. Refer to <2.3.5.
Slow1 and Slow are relatively fast slow scan. These two speeds are asynchronous to AC line frequency. It may cause some field magnetic disturbance at high magnification and/or low kV condition. Use for a field search of the specimen, coarse focus, etc. Slow 1: about 1 sec/frame(Full screen) about 0.5 sec/frame(Small Screen) Slow 2: about 4 sec/frame(Full screen) about 2 sec/frame(Small Screen) (4) Slow Scanning: Use it for observation, fine focus, and astigmatism correction.
3.5.4 Image Brightness and Contrast Adjustment Image brightness and contrast can be adjusted both manually and automatically. BC Monitor mode is also available for manual adjustment. The Beam Monitor function is provided to reduce the tip noise. (1) Auto Adjustment (ABCC) Click the ABCC icon on the control panel or select the ABCC command from Operate menu to start auto-adjustment.
Sensitivity of mouse operation can be adjusted on the Mouse Operation tab in the Optional setup dialog window. Additionally, you can adjust the brightness and contrast using the scroll bars. Checking the Scroll Bar box on the Utility tab in the Operation panel enables these scroll bars. Refer to < 2.3.6 operation panel> The BC Monitor mode can be used to monitor and adjust the brightness and contrast by observing a signal waveform.
current; for example, during quantitative X-ray analysis using a probe current drift cancellation function, etc. When the Beam Monitor function is not desirable, for example in case of observing EBIC image where it possibly increases tip noise, uncheck Beam Monitor Active on the SCAN MODE block in the operation panel. For normal operation, keep it checked.
3.5.5 Focus and Astigmatism Correction Focus and astigmatism correction can be done manually and automatically. Focus Monitor mode is available for manual focusing. (1) General Method for Focusing and Astigmatism Correction Focusing and astigmatism corrections are related to each other and need to be repeated alternately. Use the following process to complete adjustments. (a) Focus the image. When there is no astigmatism, the sharpest image is obtained at the best-focus point.
little or no surface detail on the specimen, or when the specimen is charged, Auto Focus does not operate properly. (3) Manual Focus Manual focusing can be done using the control knobs on the operation panel or the mouse in the Scanning Image window. (a) Knob operation Use Focus control knobs COARSE and FINE on the manual operation panel. (b) Mouse operation Move the mouse cursor to the lower half of the image, where the mouse cursor is changed to the Focus cursor .
(6) Focus Monitor Mode A waveform is displayed for monitoring the focus. To start the Focus Monitor, click the Monitor icon image so that the waveform shows sharp peaks. defocused The magnification is set at 1,000×. on the control panel and focus the focused To close the Focus Monitor, click the Cancel button in the Focus Monitor or click one of the Scanning Speed button.
3.5.6 Operation of the Specimen Stage (Type I - Manual Stage) The S-4800 type I SEM provides a 5-axis manual stage. 3.5.6.1 Movable range and specimen exchange position The following table shows movable range and specimen exchange position. Movable Range Exchange position X 0 to 50 mm 25.0 mm Y 0 to 50 mm 25.0 mm R 0 to 360° 0° T -5 to 70° 0° Z 1.5 to 30 mm 8.0 mm 3.5.6.
3.5.6.3 Tilt and Z axes limitation The allowable tilting angle depends on both Z axis position and specimen size. Figure of relationship between allowable tilting angle for various Z position is shown below. If the specimen height is set at higher than the standard setting, add the difference to Z and use the figure. 70 φ15mm φ25mm 60 φ50mm φ75mm φ100mm 50 φ125mm φ150mm T (deg) 40 30 20 10 0 T (deg) 0 5 10 15 Z (mm) 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 20 25 30 for all specimen size 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.
CAUTION Set Z and T within the allowable range; otherwise, the specimen may strike the objective lens and cause damage to the specimen and objective lens. Important In case of φ15mm and φ25mm specimens, by applying limitation in X and Y directions written in page 3-40, the figure for 3 axes motorized stage (shown below) can be used. For avoiding damage of specimen and objective lens, be careful not to exceed limits of each axis. 3.5.6.
Relationship between minus tilting angle and Z position is the same as manual stage. Movable range of X and Y directions (3 axes motorized stage) Type1 Specimen Size X Y φ15mm 17.5∼32.5 17.5∼32.5 φ25mm 12.5∼37.5 12.5∼37.5 φ50mm 0∼50 0∼50 φ75mm 0∼50 0∼50 φ100mm 0∼50 0∼50 φ125mm 0∼50 0∼50 φ150mm 0∼50 6∼50 □100mm 0∼50 6∼50 □125mm 0∼50 6∼50 NOTICE When optional detector has been inserted to its operating position, further limitation is required.
3.5.7 Operation of the Specimen Stage (Type 2 - 5-Axis Motorized Stage) The S-4800 type 2 SEM provides a 5-axis motorized stage 3.5.7.1 Coordinate notation S-4800 utilizes two coordinate notation system, stage (mechanical) coordinate and sample coordinate. The sample coordinate system will be better for using the Rotation Assist function. The stage coordinate system is also available for users familiar with previous Hitachi SEMs using the stage coordinate system.
3.5.7.2 Movable range and specimen exchange position The following table shows movable range and specimen exchange position. Mechanical coordinate and specimen coordinate expression are selectable for X and Y axes. The specimen coordinate is (0,0) at the center of the specimen holder. Movable Range of mechanical coordinate Movable Range of specimen coordinate Exchange position of mechanical (specimen) coordinate X 0 to 110 mm -35 to +75 mm 35.
3.5.7.3 Setting specimen size and detectors in use The specimen size and height and optional detectors set at its operating position in the specimen chamber need to be set correctly to keep the motion of each axis within allowable range. Use the following process. (1) Set the stage at the home position by clicking the HOME button on the control panel. The specimen size and height can be set only at the home position.
CAUTION The specimen size and height, and detectors being used must be set correctly to allow motion of each axis in the proper ranges. If this is not done, the specimen may strike the objective lens and cause damage to the specimen and objective lens 3.5.7.4 Valious operation for specimen stage The following operation methods are available.
3.5.7.5 Stage tab Basically use the Stage tab of the operation panel for stage operation.
3.5.7.6 X, Y, R axes operation (1) Manual operation using trackball Stage moves to the direction of rotating trackball. Upper button Ball Lower button Amount of stage motion by ball rotation is linked with magnification. it is advisable to lower the magnification. To move long distance, When you rotate ball pressing down one of upper buttons, stage moves only to Y direction. And pressing down one og lower buttons, only to X direction. Stage moving direction for ball rotation direction can be reversed.
(5) Position display The size of specimen, its present position and rotation angle are displayed on the XYR position monitor area. The white circle shows specimen, blue rectangle movable area, red cross observing point, gray straight line rotation angle and green rectangle beam scanning direction. Followings are 5 inches sample examples. The scales at the left and below show coordinate values of beam irradiation point when the sample is at the center and moved to each end of indication area.
NOTICE When the specimen height is set higher than the standard position, actual specimen surface position will be changed by tilting. The allowable range of Z and Tilt are therefore recalculated after the tilting angle is specified for movement. It may cause somewhat different allowable range value than that has been indicated before specifying tilting angle. (2) Modes of operation Two modes of operation, "Set values and Go" and "Continuous driving" are possible.
3.5.7.8 Stage mouse operation on the scanning image The mouse operation tools on the scanning image, for image adjustment (focus, stigma, contrast) and for stage operation, alternates by clicking the S button of the mouse. The following tools are shown for stage operation. (1) X, Y continuous driving (Joy-stick like operation) Move the mouse pointer to the circle at the center. It changes to XY mark . Press the left button down and move the mouse to the direction you wish to move image.
(3) RISM function If the end point of the above operation is near the center of the image, the red line is changed to a yellow line and the end point is positioned at the center of the image. When the left mouse button is released, the stage is driven so that the image at the start point moves to the center of the viewing screen with help of the electrical image shift. Alternately, simply clicking the left button starts the same motion.
(5) R axis operation to a specified angle On the circle of the R axis tool, mouse pointer will be changed as shown below. Press down the left button and move the mouse holding down the button. The tool rotates following mouse and the rotation angle is shown in the indicator box. Then release the button. Stage will be rotated to the angle specified in the indicator box. The angle value is the absolute angle.
(7) Z axis operation to a specified coordinate On the circle of the Z axis tool, mouse pointer will be changed as shown below. Press down the left button and move the mouse up or downward holding down the button. The circle moves following mouse and the Z axis value is shown in the indicator box. Then release the button. Stage will go to the Z position specified in the indicator box. The change of Z is limited to a range allowable for the present Tilt angle.
(9) Tilt axis operation to a specified coordinate On the circle of the Tilt axis tool, mouse pointer will be changed as shown below. Press down the left button and move the mouse up or downward holding down the button. The circle moves following mouse and the Tilt axis value is shown in the indicator box. Then release the button. Stage will go to the Tilt angle specified in the indicator box. The change of Tilt is limited to a range allowable for the present Z value.
(11) Rotation adjust tool The rotation adjust tool is convenient for adjusting a line in image to horizontal. S le amp e ag im R adjust tool Move the mouse at about the center of the tool. Mouse pointer will be changed to array mark . Press down the left button and move the tool to fit an end to the inclined line part to be rotated to horizontal. Press down the left button in the circle of another end and fit the tool to the line part. Release the mouse button.
3.5.7.9 Position memory function The stage coordinates, both absolute and relative, can be memorized and retrieved. 200 absolute coordinates (20 points on each of the 10 pages) and 20 relative coordinates can be saved in total. Click the Memory button on the Stage tab. The following Position Memory dialog window will open. (1) Registration of absolute stage coordinates at the present stage position Select a coordinate number and page, then click Get Position.
(6) Moving the stage by relative movement To move the stage by a relative movement from the present position, select a page Rel and click Go. (7) Clear registered data Select a coordinate number and page, and click Clear. 3.5.7.10 Stage History function Display present position and registered positions on a specimn picture with trajectory lines showing the order of registration. Retrieving stage coordinates of registered position is also possible. Click the Disp button in the XYR block on the Stage tab.
Click Go button to go to the position represented the selected point. (4) Deleting registered points To delete points individually, select the point and click the Delete button. To delete all points, click the Clear button. (5) Saving and reading history data To save displayed position data, click the Save button. A dialog window for saving will open. Specify folder and file name and then, click the Save on it. The extension of history files is .ssh.
use any one selecting with << and >> button. By clicking a point on the navigation image, coordinate of the specified point is calculated and stage is driven so as the point comes to the center of field of view. The Need Refresh indication is green when the present selected image is effective, and is blinks red when ineffective. The navigation image becomes ineffective when any one of the R, T or Z axes of the stage, the accelerating voltage or the lens mode is changed.
the center of image and then, click the 1st button. (3-3) Find the first alignment point in the navigation image and click it. The next message [Move a remarkable object to the center of image and click 2nd button, click the position in the navigation image corresponding to the remarkable object by mouse.] will appear. Close the message by OK button. Search the object which corresponds to the second alignment position on scanning image and move it to the center of iamge.
5 inches sample Stage movable area (0,62.5) (-35､-55) (75,-55) Y (62.5,0) (-62.5,0) X (-35,0) A B (0,0) (-50,10) (-34,10) (-35,55) (75,55) (0,-62.5) The gray area is not covered with X and Y movable range but can be observed with stage rotation. If the point A is specified by coordinate (X=50, Y=10) input, the following message will be shown. Select a rotation angle and click OK. The stage will be rotated and X,Y axes are moved so as the specified point comes under the beam.
be shown. (a) When the present position is 2mm or less near to the X or Y limit OK rotates the stage and move X and Y axes so as the specified point comes under the beam. (b) When the present position is 2mm or more far from the X and Y limit In this case, stage is not rotated. In above cases, computer calculates X and Y coordinates to move the target or present position under the beam using specified angle and deviance of the mechanical rotation center from the ideal center.
The above (a) and (b) are basically dependent on in assembling error of the instrument. These are measured and corrected once in the beginning (before delivery of the instrument). But since the beam irradiation position may shift when adjusting the electron beam axis, this measurement tool is provided to enable measurement and correction at any time. In the other hand, the specimen height error (the above (c)) will change whenever specimens are exchanged.
1. 2. 3. 4. [Rotation Center]: A mask holder specimen cannot be used. [Tilt Center]: A BSE detector must be pulled out. [Z Axis Comp.]: Both EDX and BSE detectors must be pulled out. And mask holder specimen cannot be used. [Tilt Center] started by Calibration button: GW and ETP type BSE detectors must be pulled out. When the presence/absence of these detectors is set correctly at SPECIMEN block, a warning message [For this operation (1) Extract optional detector(s). (2) Use 5inches or smaller sample.
(d) As described in the message, bring the structure of interest to the image center at a magnification of about 500×, then click Enter button of Tilt 0 deg. Bring the stage to a tilt angle of 30°. Again bring the structure of interest to the image center, and click Enter button of Tilt 30 deg. A Calibration Factor is calculated and indicated. This value represents the deviation of specimen height from the reference position. Now click the Apply button. Click the Close button to close the window.
(e) The specimen rotates to an angle of 90°. Again bring the point of interest to the center and click Enter button. (f) In the same way, each click of Enter button rotates the specimen 45° at a time. Bring the point of interest to the center each time and then click Enter. Upon clicking Enter at a rotation angle of 315°, a Calibration Factor is calculated and indicated. This value is the stage coordinate at the rotation center, and is normally within 35 ± 1 mm and 55 ±1 mm.
(a) Insert a specimen, set WD at 30 mm, tilt at 0° and R at 0°. Set the accelerating voltage to 5 kV or less, Probe current mode to Normal and Focus mode to UHR. Then search for a structure of interest near the specimen center. (b) Select Stage Calibration – Z Axis Comp command in the Option menu. The Stage Tilt Calibration dialog window will open. (c) Click the Reset button. The following message indicating steps of operation will be shown. [Set Probe Current Mode at "Normal" and acc.
3.5.7.15 Stopping stage and Returning to previous stage position To stop stage movement while it is running, use the !STOP button on the Control panel. Do not repeat to click the button. It may cause irregular movement. To return to a previous position after moving stage using coordinate specifying operation, use Undo – Stage Drive menu. It is effective only one previous position.
3.5.7.16 Moveable range and limitation by optional detectors (1) Movable range of the specimen stage for various specimen size The movable range is limited when observing large size specimens. Stage motion is limited to inside of movable range automatically by computer. The limit value is calculated using the size information set on the Set Sample Size/Detector dialog window For small size specimen, X and Y limitation is specified so as the movable range covers just the size of specimen.
φ75 specimen φ100 specimen (0,5) (0,17.5) （85,5) （72.5,17.5) 100mmφ Area of observation Area of observation （35,55) （35,55) Possible to observe by rotation 75mmφ (0,92.5) Possible to observe by rotation （72.5,92.5) (0,105) φ125 specimen （85,105) φ150 specimen 150mmφ (0,0) （97.5,0) (0,0) （110,0) 125mmφ Area of observation Area of observation （35,55) （35,55) Possible to observe by rotation (0,110) Possible to observe by rotation （97.
70 φ50mm <φ15mm φ25mm 60 φ75mm φ100mm 50 φ125mm φ150mm T (deg) 40 φ200mm 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 T (deg) Fig 3-2 15 20 Z (mm) 25 30 35 40 Allowable plus Tilting angle for various specimen size 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 For all specimen size 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Fig 3-3 4.5 5 5.5 6 Z (mm) 6.5 7 7.5 Allowable minus Tilting angle 3 - 70 8 8.5 9 9.
3.6 3.6.1 Saving and Recording Images Saving and Recording Images It is possible to record images using conventional photo films and printers, and/or as image data files (to disk or hard drive). There are four methods of image saving: (1) Taking Photographs (optional photo-recording unit is necessary) For photographic image recording, you can use Direct Photo recording or Memory Photo recording. Refer to <3.6.
3.6.2 Preparing Images for Recording The source of image to be recorded is frozen image in the image memory except for direct photographing. (1) Freezing an image (a) Using Run/Freeze button Scanning image will be frozen. When scanning speed is slow, scanning continues to end of the frame and then, frozen. Image size is 1280×960 pixels in Full screen. It is 640x480 pixels in small and dual screen mode. (b) Capturing an image An image is captured and frozen.
(b) Data Entry When recording scanning images, graphics and texts written using Data Entry function are recorded as they are shown on the scanning image. When recording captured images using command buttons placed on the captured image window, graphics and texts written before capturing are embedded into captured images and recorded. Note that they may be different from present displayed data. If data embedding is not necessary, uncheck the Embed into Image on the Captured Image window. Refer to <3.9.
• 5120x3840 Highest resolution. Effective for relatively low magnification and containing very fine structure. Note that the large image size requires long processing time for creation, saving, loading and image processing. NOTICE For large size captured images, there are following limitations. (a) CD Measurement function works on 2560×1920 pixels or smaller images. (b) Color mixing on SEM Data Manager works for 1280×960 and 640×480 pixels images.
The Captured Image window opens by Capture button on the tool bar section of the operation panel, Captured Image command in the Window menu and the shortcut [Ctrl – L] at any time. Refer to <2.3.9 Captured Image Dialog Window> 3.6.5 Saving a Scanning Image (Direct Save) The scanning Image, simply frozen or captured, can be saved. Resolution of saved image is 1280x960 or 640×480 depending on present screen mode when saved just after freezing the image.
(4) Set options. The saved data is automatically registered to SEM Data Manager database when the SDM Register is checked. Graphics and texts written on the scanning image is embedded when the Embed into Image is checked. (5) Specify folder and file name. The ↓ button beside the Folder and Image Name input box opens a list of recently used name. You can select one of them and modify it. The Select button opens Save as dialog window. You can select or create folder and file name on it.
(1) Setting Photo Condition To select the conditions for photo recording, open the Setup dialog window – Record tab by clicking the icon on the tool button section of the operation panel, or by selecting the Photo Condition command in the Setup menu. (a) Photo Speed [Direct Photo] Recommended selection is 80 seconds. Use a 40-second scan for beam-sensitive specimens, or to shorten recording time. A selection of 160 or 320 seconds is recommended for recording X-ray mapping images.
[Photo Size] Select a size of film. The magnification value is adjusted internally according to the selected size. ×0.6: For Type 120 Negative film ×0.8: For small size Polaroid film (type 107, 105 or equivalents) ×1.0: For 4 × 5 Polaroid film (d) X Ray Mapping Intensity Check it to brighten low density X-ray mapping image. (3) Direct Photo Recording Direct Photo mode takes a photograph directly scanning electron beam. It generally shows better image quality compared to the Memory Photo mode.
3.7 Using SEM Data Manager SEM Data Manager is an image filing program with an easy-to-operate database function. A database table is established for each user, and acquired SEM images are registered to this table automatically when saving. The SEM Data Manager lists image files, finds images following a Select query, displays images, displays and enables image information editing, and allows image processing. Refer to <3.
3.8 3.8.1 At the End of Daily Use Turning High Voltage Off (1) Close opening dialog windows. Save data if necessary on the control panel. (2) Click the HV OFF button 3.8.2 Setting the Stage at the Specimen Exchange Position Set the all 5 axes of the specimen stage at the exchange position. (1) Type1 manual stage Release the stage lock. Set X = 25.0, Y = 25.0, Z = 8.0 Tilt = 0 and R = 0. (2) Type2 motorized stage Release the stage lock. Click EXC button on the control panel.
Turn the knob counterclockwise so as the Lock mark comes upwards to hook on the specimen holder. Looking in the chamber and confirming that the specimen holder comes out with the rod, pull out the rod completely. (3) Press the AIR button on the specimen exchange chamber. The gate valve is closed and air is introduced into the specimen exchange chamber. Buzzer will sound after about 15 seconds to inform completion of air introduction. (4) Open the exchange chamber door.
3.8.4 Closing Windows and Shutting the Display Power At the end of daily use, shutdown the display power after closing Windows. (1) Click on the title bar or select the Exit command in the File menu. (2) The Exit dialog window is brought up. Click the OK button. The S-4800 SEM main window will be closed. (3) On the Windows task bar, click the Start button and select Shut Down. (4) In the Shut Down dialog window, select Shut down the computer and click Yes.
3.9 3.9.1 Using Other Functions Screen Mode Screen modes, Full, Dual or small are selectable with SCAN SIZE block of the operation panel. (1) Full screen mode: A scanning image is displayed with full desktop size. Image resolution is 1280×960 pixels. It is recommended to use this mode for normal operation. All functions except for color mixing is available. Large image provides easy to operate condition. Magnification of displayed image is about 2.
(3) Dual screen display mode: Two 640×480 pixel images are shown simultaneously. These two images can be live or frozen independently, and can display different or the same signal. In this mode, color mixing is available, while analysis modes (line, spot and area analysis) and split screen modes are disengaged. The followings are functions having different operation from in the Full or Small screen mode.
(c) Capturing images The small indicators below the Capture button shows which screen is to be captured. You can change the indication by clicking the indicators. Green color indicates corresponding screen will be captured by the Capture button. When both indicators are set green, both A and B screen are captured simultaneously.
The Split/Dual Mag controller is brought up and the scanning image area is divided in two. The magnification ratio of two images is selected with ×1, ×4, ×8 buttons on the controller. In the case of ×4 or ×8, a box cursor corresponding to the field on the right side is shown in the left image. You can select the particular field to be the magnified image by dragging this box cursor with the mouse. To change signals of these images, use the Signal Select block of the operation panel .
screen) image, and right side box for right side (B screen) image. Brightness and Contrast knobs on the manual operation panel is applied to the signal selected with the Signal A/B selection buttons. (3) Signal mixing (available in dual screen display mode) In the Dual screen mode, two signals assigned to A and B screens can be mixed and displayed. At first observe two signal images and sdjust contrast. Then, click one of indication box below the signal selection boxes.
3.9.4 X-ray Analysis Mode Scanning modes for analysis are available in the Full and Small screen modes. Use the SCAN MODE block in the operation panel. (1) Normal mode Normal image observation mode. Click to return from analysis modes. (2) Line Analysis mode Displays a line profile of the signal intensity as a horizontal line in the observing image. The Line Analysis button is used for two scanning modes as follows.
button and click the Direct Photo or Memory Photo procedures for taking a photograph is; button. Recommended ① Observe an image in Position Set mode at Slow3 or slower scanning speeds. Click the Line Analysis button when the scanning raster reaches the bottom of the screen. ② Set the line cursor at an analyzing position.
specified area on the specimen. The Area Analysis button is used for two scanning modes as follows. (a) Position Set mode for Area Analysis Upon the first click of the button in other scanning modes or in Area Analysis mode, a box cursor with dotted line is overlaid on the image. The box cursor corresponds to an area where the electron beam is scanned in Area Analysis mode. To set a position and size of the cursor, locate the mouse icon near the line, corner or inside of the box.
The following processing are available. (a) Smooth (1/2) Reduces snow noise. It is effective especially at high magnification, where originally image itself has defocusing limited by spatial resolution. In this case, nnoise can be reduced without image defocusing. For lower magnification images, the processing may cause loss of sharpness. (b) Sharpen (1/2) Increases image sharpness. Snow noise may be intensified if the image includes noise.
(b) Differential: Differential 1 and 2 are high-pass filters for the image signal. When applied, the image is differentiated in a horizontal direction and details of the image are emphasized, while broad shades are suppressed. Results vary with scanning speeds because it applies time domain differentiation. (c) Invert: Inverse contrast. 3.9.6 Operating Condition Memory The Operating Condition Memory is provided for saving and loading conditions of the electron optical column.
(d) Save condition Click the Save button. The Condition Save dialog window will open. Input comment, specify a Condition name and then, click Save button. (2) Loading a Set of Operating Conditions Use the following steps to load a set of operating conditions. (a) Open the Setup dialog window Select Condition Load from the Operate menu, or click the Setup button in the tool button section of the operation panel and select Op.Cond tab. Select Load Memorized Condition on it.
3.9.7 Pseudo Color Display Use function of SEM Data Manager for pseudo Color imaging. 3.9.8 Data Entry Function Use the DATA ENTRY block on the Operation panel for drawing graphics and texts on the scanning image display. For saved image, use the same function provided in the SEM Data Manager. (1) function of tool buttons (a) Stop data entry Stops data entry. Tool buttons are disabled. Drawn data remains on image. (b) Edit text Edit already written texts .
(d) Line Draw lines on the image. Click this button, and press the left button of the mouse to create the starting point of the line on the image. Move the mouse to an end point and then release the button of the mouse. While this button is depressed, you can repeat a line drawing. (e) Arrow Draw single-head arrow marks on the image. (f) Double head arrow Draw double-head arrow marks on the image. (g) Inner dimension mark Draw inner dimension arrow marks on the image.
(q) Select buttons or button selects graphics or text on the image in order. A selected graphics is indicated with gray color and a surrounding dotted line box. A selected text is indicated with gray color and black background. They can be moved and re-positioned by mouse dragging. A selected text can be edited by double-clicking on it. The text line is prolonged and editing becomes possible. button selects all graphics and text. (r) Clear button Clear selected graphics or text.
3.9.9 Raster Rotation, Dynamic Focus and Tilt Compensation (1) Raster Rotation Scanning of electron beam can be rotated within a range of -200º to +200º, using the slider. This allows observation of an image at the best orientation. Use the R. ROTATION block on the operation panel. To operate the Raster Rotation, check the R. Rotation box. To select a rotation angle, move the slider, click the arrow buttons, or input an angle into the angle indication box.
screen. Adjust Dynamic Focus slider for the best focus. And use the following steps to use Tilt (magnification) compensation. (a) Set the Raster Rotation angle at 0. In this condition, direction of the compensation coincides with the tilting direction. (b) Use Dynamic Focus, if necessary. (c) Check the Tilt Compensation box, and set the angle to the specimen tilting angle (move the slider or input angle into the angle indication box).
3.9.11 Printing images using Report generation function The scanning image or saved image can be printed using a Windows-supported printer. (1) Report Generation function The Report Generation window will open by selecting Layout Print from the File menu or clicking the Print button on the control panel or on the Captured Image window. When the Report Generation window is brought up by the Layout Print menu or by the Print button on the control panel, the scanning image is placed at first.
Photo Size button sets the default 4x5 inches photograph size. Or you can set any size desirable. (4) Adjusting layout and image size To adjust image size on the sheet, select an image by clicking it and drag the lower-right corner. To move an image, drag it using mouse. The Arrange button on the toolbar arranges images automatically. (5) Text information (a) Header and Footer On the Setting tab, enter the header and footer texts. Both are printed on the sheet when Header and Footer boxes are checked.
The result of adjustment is applied to the image on the sheet by OK button. (7) Print Set number of print on the Setting tab and then, click Print button. The layout sheet will be printed. 3.9.12 Copy Image The Copy Image command copies the scanning image to the Windows clipboard with pixels of 1280x960 pixels (Full screen) or 640×480 pixels (Small or Dual screen). The copied image can be used in any application software such as a word processor or image processor by pasting it from Windows clipboard.
3.9.14 Oblique Image An oblique (or birds-eye-view) image is formed from scanning image. To open the Oblique window, select the Oblique command from the Analysis. (1) Setting properties Check the Image box to show reference image together with oblique image. Birds eye area specifies viewing angle and tilting angle. If it is not checked, just flat image is formed. X resolution and Y line specifies number of horizontal pixels and vertical lines.
3.9.15 Optional setting Operation environments are set on the Optional Setup dialog window. To open the Optional Setup dialog window, select the Optional Setup command from the on the tool button area of the operation panel. Option menu or click the Opt Setup button .The dialog window has 5 tabs. Each has functions as follows.
(2) Operation Panel tab The arrangement of control blocks to be placed on the operation panel can be customized. (3) Tool bar Setting tab Select tool buttons to place on the tool button section of the operation panel. Tool buttons put check mark are shown on the tool button section. (4) Stage tab (a) MOTOR DRIVE STAGE Selects enable (On) or disable (Off) for motor driven stage (5 axes motorized stage of type II or 2 axes motor drive option of type I instrument).
3.9.16 Password Setting Use the Password Setting dialog window for setting or changing the password of the login name for current user. To open this dialog window, select the Password Setting command from the Option menu. The present login name is shown in the User box. Input present password to Old Password box and then, input New Password and Confirm Password. Click the OK button. Up to eight characters are accepted as password. Capital and small letters are distinguished.
Option menu. (3) Select the “S-4800” in the Login Name list. Set a password for the name. Input Old Password, if already set, and input new password to New and Confirm Password box and then, click the Change button. If you do not open the password to other users, they can not use the login name “S-4700” for next login. Because the Login Setting command will not open when logged in with other than “S-4800”, they can not register new login name or also can not change the password for “S4800”.
3.10 Image Quality The followings are references for getting better image quality. 3.10.1 Accelerating Voltage and Image Quality There is a multitude of accelerating voltages to choose from. Resolution, image quality, charging and other effects are greatly determined by the selected accelerating voltage. Below is a guideline for selecting an accelerating voltage in which to image various specimens. (1) Resolution Higher spatial resolution can be obtained at higher accelerating voltages.
3.10.2 Condenser Lens Setting and Image Quality Probe current is adjusted by changing the Cond Lens 1 value. To increase probe current, select a lower Cond Lens 1 value (larger spot size). Information necessary for setting of Cond Lens 1 is as follows. (1) Resolution: The electron beam size is smaller with a higher excitation value of Cond Lens 1. However, image resolution also depends on the S/N ratio of the image and on the ease of focusing and astigmatism correction.
3.11 Mechanical Column Alignment For normal operation, mechanical alignment of the electron gun and condenser lens is not necessary. If, however, an electromagnetic alignment is not sufficient, proceed with a mechanical alignment using the following process: 1. Preparative operation for Alignment 2. Mechanical alignment of the electron gun 3. Alignment of the beam monitor aperture 4. Alignment of the objective lens aperture 5. Mechanical alignment of the first condenser lens 6.
(5) Set the Z axis of the stage at 8 mm and set the WD at 8 mm in the Column Tab. (6) Set the lowest magnification in High Mag Mode. (7) Set the beam monitor aperture and the objective lens aperture to O (open). (8) Open the Alignment dialog window and click the Reset All button. 3.11.2 Mechanical Alignment of the Electron Gun (1) Click the Beam Align button in the Alignment dialog window. Circular markers and a circular image appear on the window.
3.11.4 Alignment of the Objective Lens Aperture (1) In the Beam Align mode, set the objective lens aperture at 2 or 3. Aperture diameter is opening 1：100 µm opening 2 and 3：50 µm opening 4：30 µm (2) Adjust the brightness and contrast if the circular image becomes dark. (3) Adjust the X and Y knobs of the objective lens aperture so that the circular image is aligned to the center of the screen. 3.11.
(5) Click the DeGauss button in the Column tab and adjust focus again. (6) Click the Aperture Align button in the Alignment dialog window, and adjust alignment knobs of the second condenser lens so that wobbling motion of the image is reduced. (7) Click the Off button in Alignment dialog window to terminate Aperture Align mode. 3.11.7 Stigma Alignment (electro-magnetic alignment) Stigma Alignment is necessary to minimize image drift seen when correcting the astigmatism.
After completing column alignment, the indicator beside the Beam Monit button may blink in red color. If it is, click the button. The indication will become green color, indicating that it is working correctly. NOTICE: When you changed accelerating voltage, make electro-magnetic column alignment referring to 3.4.3 Column Alignment Operation.
3.12 Using SEM Data Manager SEM Data Manager is an image filing program with an easy-to-operate database function. A database table is established for each user, and acquired SEM images are registered to the table automatically when saving. The SEM Data Manager lists image files, finds images following a Select query, displays images, displays and enables image information editing, and allows image processing. 3.12.
3.12.2 Functions 3.12.2.1 Image Database The top part of SEM Data Manager window when opened is as follows. Selection items Data tree area (1) Opening a database Database name is shown on the Data tree area. Double click the database to open. User names included in the database will be shown following the database name on the Data tree. Lower level tree opens following the selection items. In the above example, Data tree is open in the order of Folder – Image format – date of image creation.
▪ signal, Keywords : Put when saving. ▪ Sample ▪ Keyword1 / 2 ▪ Media 3.12.2.2 Menu and tool buttons The following picture shows an example where image is open. Menu Toolbar Data tree Image file list Image display Image information Thumbnail display Functions of menu commands are as follows. Corresponding tool buttons are shown in parentheses. (1) File menu ) ▪ Save as ( Save the image on the display area. ▪ Reload Load and display the original image. Use to recover processing etc..
Remove the image from database. Image file do not erased. ▪ Delete Delete the image. Image file is erased. ▪ Rename Rename the image file.Save the image on the display area. ▪ Layout Print ( ) The Report Generation window opens for printing images. ▪ Exit Close SEM Data Manager. (2) Database menu ▪ Add from file ( ) Register image files specifying file name. ) ▪ Batch Process ( Apply file operation (copy, move, delete, etc.) to plural of selected images. ▪ Make new User ( ) Create new user name.
Enable or disable image enlargement by clicking on the image. Mouse pointer is the mark when it is enabled. ▪ Show thumbnail Shoe or hide thumbnail display. ) ▪ Viewer Open ( Open a viewer window and display the mage. The window remains even when SEM Data Manager is closed. ) / Previous Image ( ) ▪ Next Image ( Open the image listed at next or previous position in the image file list. ) ▪ Slide Show ( Open the Slide Show tool. ▪ Refresh (F5 key) Reload image or refresh thumbnail display.
▪ Data Entry（ ） Draw shapes and characters on the image. ▪ CD Measurement（ ） Open CD Measurement dialog window (Optional function) (6) Tool menu ▪ Options Open Options dialog window. Use for setting size of thumbnail, character font and others. ▪ Database Utility repair or optimize database files 3.12.3 Operation 3.12.3.1 Registering Images on SEM Data Manager Database (1) Saving images on SEM On the Save Image dialog window, put check mark to SDM Register box to register images when saving.
(2) Registering images stored on disks To register already saved images to the SEM Data Manager database, use Add from File command in Database menu or the Add from File button The following Add from File dialog window will open. on the tool bar. Select a folder and image files and then, click Open button. Multiple files selection using Shift or Ctrl key is available. NOTICE When copying image files using Windows tools such as File Manager, copy text files having the name “{Image file name}.
with mark. NOTICE When you changed one of selection item, the data tree will be closed. Open the tree again. To make a new user name, Use Make New User command in Database menu or Make New button on the tool bar. User Input a user name and click OK. 3.12.3.3 Image display Click on a thumbnail or a file name in the image file list to select an image. The selected image will open on the Image display area. The selected image is shown with yellow border on thumbnail area.
3.12.3.4 Image information Information of the present selected image is shown on the image information area. You can edit Sample, Comment, and Keywords. Click Edit button to edit above items. Input each items and click OK. 3.12.3.5 Viewer display To display the present selected image on a viewer window, use Viewer Open command in View button. The Viewer is an independent window and remains after menu or Viewer terminating SEM Data Manager.
(1) Function of tool buttons Function of tool buttons in the Data Entry toolbox is similar to the function on S-4800. (a) Edit text Edit already written texts . mark. Click the text to be Selecting the Edit button changes mouse pointer to edited. The text is changed to black background form. You can edit the text. The Enter key terminates editing. The text is shown in red color and you can move its position dragging it with mouse. (b) Text input Write texts on the image.
and then releasing the mouse button. While this button is depressed, you can repeat drawing of a shape (k) Rectangle Draw rectangles on the image. Click this button and press the left button of the mouse to create a starting point on the image. Draw a shape by moving the mouse and then releasing the mouse button. While this button is depressed, you can repeat drawing of a shape. (l) Shadow check box When the Shadow box is checked, texts and graphics are drawn with shadow.
The Clear button erases the selected data. To erase all, select all data by clicking button and then, click the Clear button. (5) Saving image with entry data button on the Click OK to fix entry data. Use Save as command in File menu or Save tool bar. The save dialog window will open with present image name as a default file name. Click Save button to overwrite to present image. Input new name and folder to save as an new image. 3.12.3.
→ (4) Contrast inversion The Negative → button inverse black and white. (5) Gamma correction A Gamma value of larger than 1 enhances dark area and suppresses highlight area. A value smaller than 1 suppresses dark area and enhances highlight area. Select a gamma value and click the button. (6) Apply or cancel conversion result OK button applies conversion result and rewrite image palette data. Cancel button cancels conversion result and return to original contrast. Close button closes the dialog window.
(a) Color Mode and Color Order • Off : No coloring • Color1 or Color2 : Convert gray scale value to RGB color as following figures. The L, M and H represent R, G or B color specified by Color Order setting. Color 1 mode Color2 mode L M M H H L L M M H Intensity Intensity For example when Color Order is set to B-G-R and Color Mode to Color1, L, M and H represent B, G and R color and results a pseudo color image where originally dark area is blue and bright area is red.
3.12.3.8 Image Processing Digital image processing for noise reduction, increasing sharpness and detail enhancement are available. Open the Image Processing tool window by Image Processing – Processing command in Processing menu or Processing button on the tool bar. The following tool window will open. OK applies processing result to the image data, Cancel recovers the original image and Close terminates the window. (1) Noise Red.(Median) Applies 3×3 pixels median filter.
3.12.3.9 Color Mixing Creates color composite image using two original images. It is applicable for color composition of two different signal images, or stereo imaging using color grasses. Positional alignment of two original images is possible. (1) Color mixing operation Select one of two original images to be mixed and open the Color mixing dialog window by Color Mixing command in Processing menu or Color Mixing The selected image is shown in the source image area A. button.
Select color for source images. Check Color and select R, G or B button. Select a mixing mode in the mixing selection box. • ADD : Add A and B source images. When A and B is different single color, use it. • AVG : Average of A and B source images is used. Use it when both or one of source images are monochrome. • MAX : Compare intensity of each pixel of source A and B images and use larger data for resulting composite image. When A and B is different color, it results the same image as using ADD.
3.12.3.10 Printing images button on the tool bar. Use Layout Print command in File menu or Layout Print The Report Generation window will open with the present selected image on the layout sheet. Double click a thumbnail image to add it to the layout sheet. Refer to 3.9.10 Printing images using Report generation function. 3.12.3.
3.12.3.12 Batch operation of image files Plural of image files can be operated at once. Use Batch Process command in Database menu or Batch Process The Batch Process dialog window will open. button on the tool bar. (1) Action buttons (a) Move Files: Moves image files selected from the Source list to other folders specified in the destination area. Image files in the source directory are deleted.
down the button to the last selecting file, and then, release the button. Selected files are shown by reverse color. (b) Click the first selecting file and then, click the last selecting file holding down the Shift key. (c) Click selecting files holding down the Ctrl key. (3) Destination These are enabled when Move Files, Copy Files, Copy Files Only or Convert/Copy actions are selected. Select a target folder. The Media ID indicates the volume label of the selected drive.
3.12.3.13 Slide show Use the Slide Show controller for viewing images in continuous slide motion. To open the Slide Show controller, use Slide Show command in View menu or Slide Show button on the tool bar. Start slide show Interval : Select interval time Stop slide show 3.12.3.14 Optimizing and repairing database file Use Database Utility command in Tool menu. The following dialog window will open.
4. 4.1 4.1.1 MAINTENANCE Maintenance of Electron optical Column Maintaining Vacuum of Electron Gun and Intermediate Chamber The electron gun shall be continuously evacuated. Keep ion pump power supply ON even when SEM is not operated. If ion pump vacuum degraded than the following value, perform gun baking. Refer to <4.10 Gun Baking operation> IP1: 2 × 10-7 Pa IP2: 2 × 10-6 Pa IP3: 5 × 10-5 Pa 4.1.
(4) Disconnect two BNC type connectors from the objective lens aperture unit. Remove four screws fixing the flange of the unit. Pull off the unit straightly holding the flange. BNC Connectors Flange fixing screws Place the sperture unit on the aluminum foil aperture support fixing screw (585-4421) Aperture support (585-4488) C970500 Aperture holder (589-0548) O-ring (L456765) Fig.
(13) Clean the aperture support and aperture holder by means of polishing paste, absorbent cotton (wound on a bamboo stick) and acetone. Cleaning should be done meticulously. (14) Mount an aperture plate, new or cleaned up, on the aperture holder. (15) Place the aperture support on the aperture holder and slightly tighten the aperture support fixing screw. (16) Confirm that the aperture plate is appropriately mounted. Tighten the aperture support fixing screw.
(7) After completion of heating, wait for 10 to 15 minutes and introduce air into the vacuum evaporator. Then remove the aperture plate with tweezers. NOTICE: Do not touch to aperture plate directly by hand. (8) To further improve image quality at low accelerating voltages, coat both sides of the aperture plate with platinum-palladium (Pt-Pd) or gold- palladium (Au-Pd) to a thickness of 10 to 20 nm using an ion coater after heating the aperture plate. Aperture plate Molybdenum board (533-1337) Fig.
4.2 Maintenance of Rotary Pump （Only for P/N 539-9010 and 539-9060） NOTICE Instruments shipped to Europe area where CE marking conformity is necessary do not provide with the rotary pump. Also instruments those shall be compliant to SEMI-S2 guideline do not provide with the rotary pump even when shipped to outside of Europe area. CAUTION Rotary pump Beware of high temperature The surface of the rotary pump reaches a temperature of about 70°C while the pump is operating.
(2) How to Inject Oil Inject oil through the oil injection port so that oil level reaches the center of the red circle in the oil gauge. Oil gauge Oil injection plug (injection port) Proper oil level range Approx. 8 mm NOTICE: If the oil level is below the lowest point of the red circle, pump performance may be degraded or oil may be deteriorated earlier than usual. Conversely, if the amount of oil is excessive, oil may be blown out. Hence, the proper level of oil should be maintained.
4.2.3 Troubleshooting Symptom Pump does not rotate at all. The breaker switches off immediately. When turning on the switch, pump buzzes and does not start. Vacuum degree cannot be enhanced. Loud noise is emitted. Cause Countermeasure Power failure or voltage drop below 90 V. Check the power supply. Oil highly viscous because the ambient temperature is low (below 9 °C). Close the suction port and turn the switch on and off repeatedly to repeat slight rotation or warm the pump externally.
4.3 Maintenance of Air Compressor（Only for P/N 539-9010 and 539-9060） NOTICE Instruments shipped to Europe area where CE marking conformity is necessary do not provide with the air compressor. Also instruments those shall be compliant to SEMI-S2 guideline do not provide with the air compressor even when shipped to outside of Europe area. 4.3.1 Checkup and Maintenance Check the following items regularly. Before checkup/maintenance, be sure turn the main switch off.
NOTICE: 1. ○” indicates the time period after start of operation or replacement of the part. The mark “●” shows the time point of part The mark “ replacement. 2. The above table shows the standard inspection cycle. The inspection cycle changes slightly with the operating conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.). If the operating conditions are severe, shorten the inspection cycle. 3. For inspection and maintenance of the asterisked items, ask your dealer or nearby service agent. 4.
4.3.2 Troubleshooting of Air Compressor If the air compressor becomes faulty, reference should be made to the following table. Symptom Probable Cause Remedy Air compressor rotates. Pressure does not rise at all or rises very slowly. Drain or stop valve leaks. Retighten. If the valve still leaks, replace with a new one. Packing, screw or seal is defective. Retighten or replace the packing with a new one. Safety valve leaks. Replace with a new one. Air valve is defective.
4.3.3 Location and Functions of Major Components Pressure switch Starts and stops compressor. Suction filter Removes dust and dirt in suction air. Safety valve Relieves compressed air at abnormal rise in pressure. Push solenoid (single phase type only) Activated at start of compressor. Stop valve (air outlet) Connects hose. Pressure gauge Compressor Indicates the pressure of air tank.
4.4 4.4.1 Troubleshooting When Column Evacuation does not Work When the column evacuation system does not work, check the followings. (1) Is an error message shown? If an error message is shown on the evacuation control panel, refer to XXXXXX to find the cause of the error and make countermeasure to it. (2) Check the TMP lamps on the evacuation control panel. Both NORMAL and POWER lamp shall be lit in normal evacuation condition. The POWER lamp will be lit about 10 minutes after starting evacuation.
(4) If you do not find any failure mentioned above, contact a service engineer. 4.4.3 When Specimen Chamber Vacuum is not Good If HV applicable status (HV indicator on GUI blinks in yellow and ON button is enable) is not given even after about 1 to 1.5 hour has been passed from starting specimen chamber evacuation check the followings. (1) Check specimen chamber vacuum. It shall be better than 2x10-3Pa to apply HV.
4.4.5 When Emission Current is not Set at Normal Value When emission current is not set at a normal value when you applied HV, check the followings. (1) If emission current indicator is not zero but smaller than the value selected in the Set Ie to box in the HV control dialog window, check the value of Vext on the dialog window. If it is near the maximum (6.4kV) , and it is just after you made flashing, the FE tip may be the end of its life. Contact a service engineer.
4.4.7 When Image is Very Noisy There may be three types of noise on scanning images. The first is a snow noise which appears uniformly on the image. It is mainly due to statistical fluctuation of number of primary or secondary electrons. It appears when probe current is too small, secondary electron emission efficiency of the specimen is too low, or efficiency of signal detection is too low. If images show such a noise, check the followings. (1) Check if emission current is too small.
4.4.8 When You cannot Correct Astigmatism If astigmatism still remains at the maximum correction level (One (and/or both) of Stigma sliders is set at the maximum or the minimum, or one (and/or both) of Stigma knobs on the operation panel is full), check the followings. (1) Check if your specimen is ferromagnetic. If it is, operate at working distance of 12mm or longer, or use Magnetic Sample mode. (2) Open the Alignment dialog window and start Aperture Alignment mode. carry out aperture alignment.
4.4.10 When S-4800 control program does not start up When the progress bar on the login dialog window does not progress to the end, or the login dialog window disappear before completing start up, check the follows. (1) Check if the evacuation system is running. (2) Check if the Stage power switch is ON (for Type2 only). (3) Check that the HV cable is put correctly to the top of the electron gun. A safety protection switch is put at the part.
4.4.12 When Error Messages are shown Messages shown on the S-4800 GUI includes operation assist messages, warning for operation and messages showing instrumental error. Messages are shown with number. Refer to the list of messages in appendix page. 4.5 Operation for shutting down all power supply of S-4800 (1) Shut off HV and shut down PC. Then turn DISPLAY power switch (2) Turn the EVAC POWER switch to O (OFF).
4.7 Operation for Starting S-4800 (1) Turn the MAIN switch in the power distribution panel of customers site to ON. (2) At the back of the display unit, turn the MAIN breaker to ON and press the RESET switch. A sound of relay will be emitted form inside of the unit. NOTICE If the MAIN breaker was not turned off after power line failure occurred, RESET does not work. In the case, once turn the MAIN switch to off and then, turn it ON.
Set the APT HEATER switch to AUTO. (6) For ion pumps vacuum recovery, usually half to one day is necessary. (it is shorter when short period power down) Check ion pump vacuum after waiting above time. If it is degraded than the following value, gun baking operation is necessary. IP1 : 2 × 10-7 Pa IP2 : 2 × 10-6 Pa IP3 : 5 × 10-5 Pa (7) After recovery of ion pump and specimen chamber vacuum you may start image observation. Supply cooling water or start water circulator before starting Display power.
4.10 Gun Baking operation CAUTION Gun baking operation must be carried out by a service engineer or a person who has been trained by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation or its service representatives. Use the following steps for gun baking operation. (1) Turn HV to OFF. HV Lamp NOTICE Confirm that the HV Lamp on the right side ion pump cover is extinguished. If it still is lit, never go to next steps. (2) Remove two fixing screws and then the protection cover.
(6) Mount the heater to the electron gun chamber. The heater consists of 2 parts. Fix them with the heater band. (7) Put two rods of inner bake read wire into the HV cable socket. Insert rods correctly to pins A and B at the bottom of the socket referring the right side picture. Be careful not to insert to other pins. (8) Remove the cover of baking power connectors provided at the right side of ion pump cover. (9) Connect the lead wire for OUTER BAKE and INNER BAKE to the connectors. Put the cover again.
(11) Starting gun baking on the S-4800 GUI You can start gun baking on the S-4800 GUI or on the evacuation control panel. NOTICE Before starting gun baking, set WD to longer than 10mm on the OPE CONDITION tab of the Operation panel. It is because in case that objective lens is excited with full maximum current, total electrical power may exceeds 40kVA rating. To start on the GUI, select the Maintenance command in the Help menu. The following Maintenance dialog window will open. Select the Baking tab.
After selecting baking time, check items described in above (11). And then, press START button. In both case starting gun baking on the GUI or evacuation control panel, an error will be shown in the Numeric / character display and buzzer sound if something incorrect setting is found. Refer the following table if an error is generated. Message No.
4.11 Caution on Maintenance On maintenance of the instrument, the following cautions must be observed. (1) Follow the maintenance procedures described in this manual after a full understanding of it. (In particular, carefully read “PRECAUTIONS ON HANDLING” at the beginning of the manual.) (2) Maintenance work (disassembly-reassembly or repair) of the components other than described in this manual must not be carried out by the customer.
5. 5.1 REPLACEMENT PARTS Consumables and Spare Parts 5.1.1 Consumables The items shown in Table 5-1 should always be on hand for normal operation. Table 5-1 Part No.
5.1.2 Replacement Parts The items below should be prepared in the necessary quantities. Table 5-2 Part No.
5.1.3 Spare Parts The items shown in Table 5-3 must be prepared for long-term operation. Select a proper quantity in consideration of the application of each part. Table 5-3 Part No.
6.1.1 6. 6.1 ACCESSORY OPERATION Model S-5080 Auto-Camera (option) This camera is used for taking photographs of images displayed on the screen of CRT dedicated for photographing. You can use the following kinds of film by attaching various units consisting of lenses and adapters (see Figure 6-2): 6 × 7 roll film, 8 × 10 instant film, and type 4 x 5 instant film. 6.1.1 Configuration Figure 6-1 shows the camera body and one kind of adapter.
6.1 Model S-5080 Auto-Camera (option) C910804 C910905 type 4 x 5 single-exposure unit (P/N 589-9871) Image ratio = 1:1 type 4 x 5 Polaroid unit (P/N 589-9872) Image ratio = 1:1 C921211 type 4 x 5 Fuji instant unit (P/N 589-9875) Image ratio = 1:1 NOTICE : 1. 2. C970192 6 x 7 roll film unit (P/N 589-9873) Image ratio = 1:0.6 C923691 107 Polaroid unit (8 exposures) (P/N 589-9874) Image ratio = 1: 0.8 The 107 unit integrates the 0.8-fold adapter dedicated for the model S-5080 camera.
6.1.2 6.1.2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Specifications Magnification Lens Aperture Focusing Film type : ×1.0, ×0.8, and ×0.6 : F = 75 mm : f = 4.5 to 22, manual : Manual (preset when shipped at the same time with the SEM) : Roll film 120, Polaroid TYPE52 (P/N 55), Polaroid 107 and 105 (the user is to buy the film.) REMARKS : Refer to Table 6-1, which illustrates image sizes on the film for each combination of the adapter and the kind of film.
6.
6.1.3 6.1.3 (1) Assembling the Camera Illustrated below are films for the standard PHOTO CRT. (a) type 4 x 5 film (magnification of 1.0) 1.0 Fig. 6-3 (b) Polaroid 107 film (magnification of 0.8) Fig. 6-4 (c) 4″ × 5″ Film (Magnification of 1.0) Polaroid 107 Film (Magnification of 0.8) Roll film 120 (magnification of 0.6) 0.6 Fig. 6-5 Roll Film 120 (Magnification of 0.
6.1 6.1.4 Model S-5080 Auto-Camera (option) Operation (1) Installing the Camera You should ask a service engineer for the installation. Take out the PHOTO CRT unit by referring to Figure 6-8. Screw four 5-mm screws to fix the camera on the PHOTO CRT panel. (2) Adjustment The adjustment for the roll film 120 is described below. for other kinds of film. (a) Similar procedures are applicable Focusing 1) Remove the film holder, and attach the focusing hood instead.
6.
INDEX INDEX A ABCC ...............................................................................2-22, 2-25, 2-27, 2-28, 2-32, 2-46, 2-47, 3-18, 3-19, 3-23, 3-25, 3-31, 3-32, 3-85 Accelerating Voltage ............................................................... 1-3, 3-13, 3-107, PRECAUTION-11 Add from File..........................................................................................................................3-120 Alarm..................................................................
INDEX C Calibration............................................................................................................. 2-24, 3-62~3-66 Capture .............................................................................................. 2-23, 2-30, 2-32, 3-57, 3-58, 3-72~3-75, 3-85, 3-92 Color Color Bar ................................................... 2-38, 2-39, 3-74, 3-86, 3-87, 3-94, 3-114, 3-118, 3-127, 3-129, 3-130, PRECAUTION-9 Color Mixing...............................................
INDEX E Edit menu Copy Attribute command ..........................................................................2-21, 3-101, 3-117 Copy Image command..................................................................................................3-101 Electron Beam .........................................................................................................................3-15 Electron Gun ..................................................................
INDEX I Image Brightness .................................................................................................. 2-22, 2-29, 3-31 Image menu Color Mixing command ...................................................................................................2-23 Data Entry command ....................................................................................................3-122 Image Navigation ............................................................................................
INDEX O Oblique................................................................................................................ 2-23, 2-54, 3-102 Operate menu ABCC command ............................................ 2-22, 2-52, 3-31, 3-32, 3-34, 3-35, 3-92, 3-93 Alignment command .......................................................................................................2-52 Auto Focus command.....................................................................................................
INDEX S Save Image..................................................................... 2-21, 2-31, 2-51, 2-55, 3-75, 3-76, 3-119 Scan menu Capture command ....................................................................................... 2-23, 2-55, 3-85 Split DM Mode command ...............................................................................................3-85 Scan Speed .....................................................................................................................
INDEX T Tilt Compensation ................................................................................................. 2-39, 3-97, 3-98 Toolbar ............................................................................................................................2-24, 2-26 Transfer...................................................................................... 2-6, 2-21, 2-31, 2-48, 3-72, 3-116 Troubleshooting ............................................................................
