USER GUIDE
USER GUIDE
SonoSite, Inc. 21919 30th Drive SE Bothell, WA 98021 USA T: 1-888-482-9449 or 1-425-951-1200 F: 1-425-951-1201 SonoSite Ltd Alexander House 40A Wilbury Way Hitchin Herts SG4 0AP UK T: +44-1462-444800 F: +44-1462-444801 Caution: Federal (United States) law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician. Edge, SiteLink, SonoCalc, SonoHD2, SonoMB, SonoMBe, SonoSite, and the SonoSite logo are registered (in some jurisdictions) and unregistered trademarks owned by SonoSite, Inc.
Contents Introduction Conventions, symbols, and terms .............................................................................. ix Customer comments ......................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1: Getting Started About the system ................................................................................................................1 Preparing the system .....................................................................
OB Calculations setup .....................................................................................................20 OB Custom Measurements setup ............................................................................21 OB Custom Tables setup ..............................................................................................21 Presets setup .......................................................................................................................
Volume flow calculations .....................................................................................51 Exam-based calculations ...............................................................................................53 Cardiac calculations ................................................................................................53 Gynecology (Gyn) calculations ......................................................................62 IMT calculations .....................................
Equipment safety ...........................................................................................................100 Battery safety ...................................................................................................................100 Clinical safety ....................................................................................................................101 Hazardous materials ..............................................................................................
Glossary Terms ....................................................................................................................................167 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................169 Index ..................................................................................................................................
viii
Introduction 888-482-9449 in the U.S. Outside the U.S., call the nearest SonoSite representative. You can also e-mail SonoSite at comments@sonosite.com. The user guide is intended for a reader familiar with ultrasound techniques and who has received training in sonography and clinical practices. Before using the system, you must receive such training. SonoSite Technical Support For technical support, please contact SonoSite as follows: Phone (U.S.
x Customer comments
Chapter 1: Getting Started About the system A license key is required to activate the software. See “Software licensing” on page 90. On occasion, a software upgrade may be required. SonoSite provides a USB device containing the software. One USB device can be used to upgrade multiple systems. 1 2 3 Getting Started The Edge ultrasound system is a portable, software-controlled device using all-digital architecture.
To install the battery 1 Disconnect the power supply from the ultrasound system. 2 Remove the system from the mini-dock (if present) and turn it upside down. 3 Place the battery into the battery compartment, at a slight angle. See Figure 3. 4 Slide the battery forward until it locks into place. 5 Slide the two locking levers outward to secure the battery. 2 Remove the system from the mini-dock (if present) and turn it upside down. 3 Pull up the two locking levers. 4 Slide the battery back.
Turning the system on or off Caution: 6 Press the latch down, securing the transducer connector to the system. Do not use the system if an error message appears on the display. Note the error code and turn off the system. Call SonoSite or your local representative. Getting Started To turn the system on or off Press the power switch. (See “System controls” on page 5.
Inserting and removing USB storage devices You can use a USB storage device to import and export various logs and setup configurations and to archive images and clips. Images and clips are saved to internal storage and are organized in a sortable patient list. You can archive the images and clips from the ultrasound system to a PC using a USB storage device or Ethernet connection.
System controls 1 19 2 Getting Started 3 18 17 16 4 15 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 Control keys Adjust on-screen controls. 2 Alphanumeric keys Enters text and numbers. 3 Annotation keys See “Alphanumeric keyboard” on page 9. 4 Gain NEAR Adjusts the gain applied to the near field of the image. FAR In live imaging, adjusts the gain applied to the far field of the image. On a frozen PW Doppler image, adjusts the angle.
8 SET CALIPER Sets a trace measurement. Displays calipers on-screen for measuring. 9 CALCS Turns the calculations menu on and off. 10 Touchpad Selects, adjusts, and moves items on-screen. 11 FREEZE Stops live imaging and displays a frozen image. 12 SAVE Saves an image to internal storage. If configured, also saves calculations to the report. See “Presets setup” on page 22. 13 SAVE CALC CLIP Saves calculations and their measurements to the patient report. Saves a clip to internal storage.
Screen layout 9 1 2 3 4 10 Getting Started 5 6 11 7 8 1 Mode Data Area Current imaging mode information (for example, Gen, Res, THI, and PW). 2 Orientation Marker Indication for image orientation. In dual and duplex images, the orientation marker is green on the active screen. 3 Text Text entered using keyboard. 4 Pictograph Pictograph to indicate anatomy and transducer position. You can select anatomy and screen location. 5 Calculations Menu Contains available measurements.
General interaction Touchpad and cursor Use the touchpad to adjust and move objects on-screen. The touchpad controls caliper position, CPD or Color box position and size, the cursor, and more. The arrow keys control much of the same functionality as the touchpad. The cursor appears in the setup pages, the patient information form, and patient report. You control the cursor through the touchpad.
Annotation and text Alphanumeric keyboard 10 1 Getting Started 2 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 TAB Moves cursor among fields in the forms, and tabs between text position in dual screens. 7 SPACEBAR Turns the keyboard on for text entry. In text entry, adds a space. 2 CAPS Sets the keyboard to capital letters. 8 DELETE Removes all text from the screen during text entry and when not measuring. LOCK 3 SHIFT Allows entry of capitalized characters and international characters.
Symbols You can enter symbols and special characters in select fields and forms. The symbols and special characters available depend on context. Preparing transducers WARNING: Some transducer sheaths contain natural rubber latex and talc, which can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Refer to 21 CFR 801.437, User labeling for devices that contain natural rubber. WARNING: Some gels and sterilants can cause an allergic reaction on some individuals.
4 Select the Videos tab. WARNING: 5 If the list does not appear, select the correct USB device: a Select Select USB. b In the Select USB device for media playback dialog box, select the Education Key USB device (“Training” appears under Type), and then select Select. Note: Image Gallery is an unsupported feature. To apply a transducer sheath To view a video SonoSite recommends the use of market-cleared, transducer sheaths for intracavitary or surgical applications.
Intended uses The system is used with a transducer attached and is powered either by battery or by AC electrical power. The clinician is positioned beside the patient and places the transducer onto (or into for invasive procedures) the patient’s body where needed to obtain the desired ultrasound image. The system transmits ultrasound energy into the patient’s body to obtain ultrasound images as listed below.
WARNING: Getting Started Superficial Imaging Applications You can assess the breast, thyroid, testicle, lymph nodes, hernias, musculoskeletal structures, soft tissue structures, ophthalmic structures, and surrounding anatomical structures for the presence or absence of pathology. You can use the system for ultrasound guidance in biopsy and drainage procedures, vascular line placement, peripheral nerve blocks, and spinal nerve blocks and taps.
14 Intended uses
Chapter 2: System Setup The system setup pages let you customize the system and set preferences. Displaying the setup pages Footswitch (L), Footswitch (R) The function of the left and right footswitches: Save Clip, Freeze, Save Image, or Print. See also “To connect the footswitch.” To connect the footswitch To display a setup page 1 Press the SETUP key. 2 Select the setup page under Setup Pages. To return to imaging from a setup page, select Done on-screen.
Security settings WARNING: Health care providers who maintain or transmit health information are required by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and the European Union Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC) to implement appropriate procedures: to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of information; to protect against any reasonably anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of the information or unauthorized uses or disclosures of the information.
3 Under User Information, make changes as desired. 4 Select Save. Any change to the user name replaces the previous name. To delete a user 1 Log in as Administrator. 2 Under User List, select the user. 3 Select Import on-screen. 4 Select the USB storage device, and select Import. 5 Restart the system. All user names and passwords on the system are replaced with the imported data. Exporting and clearing the Event log 3 Select Delete.
Logging in as user If user login is required, the User Login screen appears when you turn on the system. (See “To require user login” on page 16.) To log in as user 1 Turn on the system. 2 In the User Login screen, type your name and password, and select OK. 1 In the Exam list on the Annotations setup page, select the exam type whose labels you want to specify. 2 For Group, select A, B, or C for the label group you want associated with that exam. The preset labels appear for the selected group.
To import predefined label groups Connectivity setup 1 Insert the USB storage device that contains the label groups. On the Connectivity setup page, you specify options for using non-USB devices and for alerts when internal storage is full. You also import wireless certificates and specify settings (including Transfer Mode and Location) for SiteLink™ Image Manager and DICOM®, which are optional features. For SiteLink issues, refer to the SiteLink Image Manager user guide.
Date and Time setup WARNING: To obtain accurate obstetrics calculations, an accurate date and time are critical. Verify that the date and time are accurate before each use of the system. The system does not automatically adjust for daylight saving time changes. To set the date and time On the Date and Time setup page, do the following: • In the Date box, type the current date. • In the Time box, type the current time in 24 hour format (hours and minutes).
3 Select the USB storage device, and select Export. All user-defined tables and measurements are copied to the USB storage device. To import OB calculation tables Tables that you import are added to those already on the system. 1 Insert the USB storage device that contains the tables. 2 On the OB Calculations setup page, select Import on-screen. 3 Select the USB storage device, and then select Import. 4 Select OK in the dialog box that appears.
2 Select the desired table (Gestational Age or Growth Analysis). 3 In the Measurement list, select the measurement for the custom table. 4 Select New on-screen. 5 In the Author box, type a unique name. 6 Enter the data. 7 Select Save on-screen. To display the measurement for the custom table in the calculations menu, see “To specify gestational age and growth analysis” on page 20. To edit or delete an OB custom table Save Key Behavior of the SAVE key. Image Only saves the image to internal storage.
• SiteLink organizes files in a SiteLink-style folder structure. Clips export in H.264 video saved as MP4 files. To view them, SonoSite recommends QuickTime 7.0 or later. should transfer or export them using BMP format. SonoCalc IMT software uses a sophisticated algorithm to measure images, and lossy compression may cause errors. • DICOM creates files readable by a DICOM reader. DICOM is an optional feature.
24 USB Devices setup
Chapter 3: Imaging Imaging modes Some of the parameters optimized to provide the best image include focal zones, aperture size, frequency (center and bandwidth), and waveform. They cannot be adjusted by the user. The system has a high-performance display and advanced image-optimization technology that simplifies user controls. Imaging modes available depend on the transducer and exam type. See “Imaging modes and exams available by transducer” on page 33. 2D imaging 2D is the system's default imaging mode.
Brightness Adjusts the display brightness. Settings range from 1 to 10. The display brightness affects battery life. To conserve battery life, adjust brightness to a lower setting. Guide Turns guidelines on and off. Guidelines are for needle guidance, are an optional feature, and depend on transducer type. For transducers with a single-angle or multi-angle bracket, the touchpad moves the depth cursor. If the transducer uses a multi-angle bracket, select Guide and then select the angle: A, B, or C.
3 Press the M MODE key. The time scale above the trace has small marks at 200ms intervals and large marks at one-second intervals. 4 Do any of the following as needed: • Select the sweep speed or Fast). (Slow, Med, • Press the UPDATE key to toggle between the M-line and M-Mode trace. • If using a duplex layout, press the M MODE key to toggle between the full-screen M-line and the duplex layout. on the left-hand screen shows which touchpad function is active. 4 Adjust controls as desired.
Variance Invert Turns variance on and off. Available only for cardiac exam. Switches the displayed direction of flow. Available in Color imaging. Sector • Adjust controls. See “PW Doppler controls” on page 29. • Using the touchpad, position the D-line and gate where desired. Horizontal movements position the D-line. Vertical movements position the gate. • (PW Doppler) To correct the angle manually, do one of the following: (Cardiac exam) Specifies the sector width.
PW Doppler controls Page x/x In PW Doppler imaging, you can set the following on-screen controls. PW, CW (Cardiac exam only) Toggle between PW Doppler and CW Doppler. The current selection appears in the upper left-hand screen. Angle Correction Corrects the angle to 0°, +60°, or -60°. Gate Size Settings depend on transducer and exam type. In TCD or Orb exams, use the touchpad to specify the Doppler gate depth (the depth of the center of the gate in the Doppler image).
Adjusting depth and gain To adjust depth You can adjust the depth in all imaging modes but the trace modes. The vertical depth scale is marked in 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 5 cm increments, depending on the depth. Press the following keys: • UP DEPTH key to decrease the displayed depth. • DOWN DEPTH key to increase the displayed depth. As you adjust the depth, the maximum depth number changes in the lower right screen.
Needle visualization WARNING: To avoid incorrect needle placement when MBe is on: • Using movement and fluid injection, verify the needle-tip location and trajectory. MBe enhances linear structures within a selected angle range on the ultrasound plane. Linear structures outside the selected angle range or the ultrasound plane—such as a bent needle—may be less apparent.
1 2 3 2 1 0 - 50° Figure 3 For best results, angle the needle only up to 50° from the transducer surface: 1 - Needle 2 - Transducer MBe subcontrols Figure 2 With a curved array transducer, only segments of the needle shaft may show: When MBe is on, additional controls are available: • 1 - Upper needle shaft 2 - Unshown segment of needle shaft (unshown segment or segments depend on specific image) 3 - Needle tip Needle size and angle Use a 17-gauge to 25-gauge needle (recommended).
• Back returns to the previous screen. If MBe is on, MBe is highlighted green and MBe appears in the mode data area. Pressing MBe again redisplays the MBe controls. If MBe is on, the MB control is unavailable. Imaging modes and exams available by transducer WARNING: To prevent misdiagnosis or harm to the patient, understand your system’s capabilities prior to use. The diagnostic capability differs for each transducer, exam type, and imaging mode.
Imaging modes and exams available by transducer CW Doppler — Neo — Nrv — Vas — Abd — Gyn — Msk — Nrv — OB — D2x Crd — — — — HFL38x Bre — IMT — Msk — Nrv — SmP — Vas — Ven — Bre — MSK — Nerve — SmP — C60x HFL50x 34 Imaging modes
Annotating images Transducer Exam Type1 2D2 M Mode CPD3 Color3 PW Doppler4 CW Doppler Imaging Mode You can annotate live images as well as frozen images. (You cannot annotate a saved image.) You can place text (including predefined labels), an arrow, or a pictograph. To set preferences for annotations, see “Annotations setup” on page 18.
To turn off text entry, press the TEXT key. To reset the home position 1 Press the TEXT key. 2 Using the touchpad or arrow keys, position the cursor where desired. 5 Select a screen location for the pictograph: U/L (Up/Left), D/L (Down/Left), D/R (Down/Right), U/R (Up/Right). In a duplex layout, the pictograph is restricted to upper left. In Dual, all four positions are available. To remove the pictograph, select Hide. 3 Select Home/Set.
• the date of the last menstrual period. The LMP date must precede the current system date. Done to save changes and return to imaging. To end the exam • Twins (OB exam) Select the Twins check box to display Twin A and Twin B measurements on the calculations menu and for access to Twin A and Twin B screens for previous exam data. • Previous Exams (button) (OB exam) Displays fields for five previous exams. The date for a previous exam must precede the current system date.
Images and clips Saving images and clips When you save an image or clip, it saves to internal storage. The system beeps afterward if Beep Alert is on, and the percentage icon flashes. (See “Audio, Battery setup” on page 19.) The percentage icon in the system status area shows the percentage of space used in internal storage. If you try to save an image or clip when no space remains, the system alerts you that internal storage is full.
Prospective, Retrospective Pro and Retro determine how clips are captured: • With Pro, a clip is captured prospectively, after you press the CLIP key. • With Retro, a clip is captured retrospectively, from pre-saved data before you press the CLIP key. Reviewing patient exams Caution: If the internal storage icon does not appear in the system status area, internal storage may be defective. Contact SonoSite Technical Support. (See “SonoSite Technical Support” on page ix.
To review images and clips • In the patient list, review the patient’s images. Select Print when the image appears. • With the image displayed, press the A shortcut key. You can review images and clips in only one patient exam at a time. 1 In the patient list, highlight the patient exam whose images and clips you want to review. By default, the A shortcut key prints. To reprogram the A and B shortcut keys, see “Presets setup” on page 22. 2 Select Review on-screen.
5 Select Export. The files are finished exporting approximately five seconds after the USB animation stops. Removing the USB storage device or turning off the system while exporting may cause exported files to be corrupted or incomplete. To stop in-progress exporting, select Cancel Export. ECG Monitoring ECG Monitoring is an optional feature and requires a SonoSite ECG cable. WARNING: To prevent misdiagnosis, do not use the ECG trace to diagnose cardiac rhythms.
ECG Monitoring controls Show/Hide Turns on and off ECG trace. Gain Increases or decreases ECG gain. Settings are 0-20. Position Sets the position of the ECG trace. Sweep Speed Settings are Slow, Med, and Fast. Delay Displays Line and Save for clip acquisition delay. (For instructions to capture clips, see “To capture and save a clip” on page 38.) Line The position of the delay line on the ECG trace. The delay line indicates where the clip acquisition is triggered.
Chapter 4: Measurements and Calculations You can measure for quick reference, or you can measure within a calculation. You can perform general calculations as well as calculations specific to an exam type. Measurements are performed on frozen images. For references used, see Chapter 5, “Measurement References.” Measurements You can perform basic measurements in any imaging mode and can save the image with the measurements displayed. (See “To save an image” on page 38.
Note: Trace measurements cannot be edited once set. To improve precision of caliper placement Do any of the following: • Adjust the display for maximum sharpness. • Use leading edges (closest to the transducer) or borders for starting and stopping points. • Maintain a consistent transducer orientation for each type of measurement. • Make sure that the area of interest fills as much of the screen as possible. • (2D) Minimize the depth, or zoom.
4 Press the SELECT key. 5 Using the touchpad, complete the trace, and press the SET key. See “To save a measurement to a calculation and patient report” on page 43. M Mode measurements The basic measurements that you can perform in M Mode imaging are as follows: 5 Using the touchpad, position the second vertical caliper at the peak of the next heartbeat. See “To save a measurement to a calculation and patient report” on page 43.
3 Press the SELECT key. A second caliper appears. 4 Using the touchpad, position the second caliper at the end diastole on the waveform. See “To save a measurement to a calculation and patient report” on page 43. To trace automatically (Doppler) After tracing automatically, confirm that the system-generated boundary is correct. If you are not satisfied with the trace, obtain a high-quality Doppler spectral trace image, or trace manually. (See “To trace manually (Doppler)” on page 46.
• Pulsatility Index (PI) • End Diastolic Velocity (EDV) • Acceleration Time (AT) • Resistive Index (RI) • Time Average Peak (TAP) • Gate Depth General calculations Within calculations, you can save measurement results to the patient report. You can display, repeat, and delete measurements from a calculation. Some measurements can be deleted directly from the patient report pages. See “Patient report” on page 72. Calculation packages depend on exam type and transducer.
Displaying, repeating, and deleting saved measurements in calculations To display a saved measurement Do one of the following: • • Highlight the measurement name in the calculations menu. The result appears below the menu. Open the patient report. See “Patient report” on page 72. EMED calculations The results from EMED calculations automatically appear in the EMED worksheets. All EMED calculations are available for each exam type. To perform an EMED calculation: 1 Press the CALCS key.
a From the calculations menu, select the measurement name under Area Red. Transducer Exam Types C11x Abdomen, Vascular C60x Abdomen, Msk HFL38x IMT, Small Parts, Vascular HFL50x Msk, Small Parts L25x Msk, Vascular d Complete the trace, and press the SET key. L38x IMT, Small Parts, Vascular e Save the calculation. See “To save a calculation” on page 47.
Volume calculations WARNING: To avoid incorrect calculations, verify that the patient information, date, and time settings are accurate. WARNING: To avoid misdiagnosis or harming the patient outcome, start a new patient information form before starting a new patient exam and performing calculations. Starting a new patient information form clears the previous patient’s data. The previous patient’s data will be combined with the current patient if the form is not first cleared.
Volume flow calculations WARNING: WARNING: To avoid incorrect calculations, verify that the patient information, date, and time settings are accurate. To avoid misdiagnosis or harming the patient outcome, start a new patient information form before starting a new patient exam and performing calculations. Starting a new patient information form clears the previous patient’s data. The previous patient’s data will be combined with the current patient if the form is not first cleared.
The system is limited to the following sample volume sizes: • C11x transducer: 1, 2, 3 Gate Size (mm) • C60x and P10x transducers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 Gate Size (mm) • HFL38x, L25x, and SLAx transducers: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 Gate Size (mm) • L38x transducer: 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 Gate Size (mm) • L38xi transducer: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 Gate Size (mm) • P21x transducer: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11.
Exam-based calculations Cardiac Calculations In addition to the general calculations, there are calculations specific to the Cardiac, Gynecology (Gyn), IMT, OB, Orbital, Small Parts, Transcranial Doppler (TCD), and Vascular exam types.
Menu Heading Cardiac Measurements (Imaging Mode) LV…LVd RVW (M Mode) RVD (M Mode) IVS (M Mode) LVD (M Mode) LVPW (M Mode) …LVs RVW (M Mode) RVD (M Mode) IVS (M Mode) LVD (M Mode) LVPW (M Mode) Menu Heading CO EF SV LVESV LVEDV IVSFT LVPWFT LVDFS CI SI LV Mass PISA Ann D (2D) Radius (Color) MR/VTI (Doppler) MV/VTI (Doppler) PISA Area ERO MV Rate Regurgitant Volume Regurgitant Fraction Qp/Qs LVOT D (2D) RVOT D (2D) LVOT VTI (Doppler) RVOT VTI (Doppler) D VTI VMax PGmax Vmean PGmean SV Qp/Qs CO
Menu Heading Cardiac Measurements (Imaging Mode) Calculation Results Menu Heading Cardiac Measurements (Imaging Mode) P.
Menu Heading TV Calculation Results TRmax (Doppler) Vmax PGmax E (Doppler) A (Doppler) E E PG A A PG E:A PHT (Doppler) VTI (Doppler) PV To measure LVd and LVs Cardiac Measurements (Imaging Mode) PHT MVA Decel time VTI Vmax PGmax Vmean PGmean RA pressurec RVSP Vmax (Doppler) Vmax PGmax VTI (Doppler) AT (Doppler) VTI Vmax PGmax Vmean PGmean AT a.
c Using the touchpad, trace the left ventricular (LV) cavity. To make a correction, select Undo on-screen or press the BACKSPACE key. 5 Positioning the calipers, measure the ventricular length. (See “Working with calipers” on page 43.) 6 Save the calculation. d Complete the trace, and press the SET key. To measure peak velocity e Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 47.) For each cardiac measurement, the system saves up to five individual measurements and calculates their average.
4 Using the touchpad, trace the waveform. To make a correction, select Undo on-screen, backtrack with the touchpad, or press the BACKSPACE key. 5 Press the SET key to complete the trace. 6 Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 47.) For information on the automatic trace tool, see “To trace automatically (Doppler)” on page 46. To calculate Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure (RVSP) 1 On a frozen Doppler spectral trace, press the CALCS key.
To make a correction, select Undo on-screen, backtrack with the touchpad, or press the BACKSPACE key. d Press the SET key to complete the trace. e Save the calculation. For information on the automatic trace tool, see “To trace automatically (Doppler)” on page 46. 4 Press the SELECT key. A second horizontal dotted line with an active caliper appears at 300 cm/s. 5 Position the second caliper along the waveform at 300 cm/s. 6 Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 47.
a From the calculations menu, locate Qp/Qs and then select LVOT D or RVOT D. c Position the calipers. (See “Working with calipers” on page 43.) b Position the calipers. (See “Working with calipers” on page 43.) d Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 47.) c Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 47.) 3 On a frozen Doppler spectral trace, press the CALCS key.
1 (CI Only) Fill in the Height and Weight fields on the patient information form. The BSA is calculated automatically. (See “To create a new patient information form” on page 36.) 2 Calculate SV. See “To calculate Stroke Volume (SV) or Stroke Index (SI)” on page 60. 3 Calculate HR. See “To calculate Heart Rate (HR)” on page 60. To calculate Cardiac Output automatically WARNING: WARNING: To avoid incorrect calculation results, make sure that the Doppler signal does not alias.
c Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 47.) Gynecology (Gyn) calculations Gynecology (Gyn) calculations include Uterus, Ovary, Follicle, and Volume. For instructions to calculate volume, see “Volume calculations” on page 50. WARNING: WARNING: To avoid incorrect calculations, verify that the patient information, date, and time settings are accurate.
WARNING: WARNING: To avoid incorrect calculations, verify that the patient information, date, and time settings are accurate. To avoid misdiagnosis or harming the patient outcome, start a new patient information form before starting a new patient exam and performing calculations. Starting a new patient information form clears the previous patient’s data. The previous patient’s data will be combined with the current patient if the form is not first cleared.
IMT tool controls To trace IMT manually When using the IMT tool, you can select the following controls on-screen. In manually tracing IMT, the user defines the location. 1 On a frozen 2D image, press the CALCS key Control Description Hide Use to check results. Hides the measurement results and trace line. Select Show to redisplay them. Move Repositions the tool horizontally by several pixels. The upper key moves the tool right, and the lower key moves the tool left.
a Position the caliper at the beginning of the boundary and press the SELECT key. WARNING: To avoid misdiagnosis or harming the patient outcome, start a new patient information form before starting a new patient exam and performing calculations. Starting a new patient information form clears the previous patient’s data. The previous patient’s data will be combined with the current patient if the form is not first cleared. See “To create a new patient information form” on page 36.
Results from System-Defined OB Measurements and Table Authors Calculation Result Gestational OB Measurements Table Authors Gestational Agea YS — GS Hansmann, Nyberg, Tokyo U. CRL Hadlock, Hansmann, Osaka, Tokyo U. Calculation Result Gestational OB Measurements Table Authors Estimated Fetal Weight (EFW)c HC, AC, FL Hadlock 1 BPD, AC, FL Hadlock 2 AC, FL Hadlock 3 BPD, TTD Hansmann BPD, FTA, FL Osaka U. BPD, AC Shepard BPD, TTD, APTD, FL Tokyo U.
author for the OB tables, which you choose on a system setup page, determines the measurements you must perform to obtain an EFW calculation. (See “OB Calculations setup” on page 20.) Individual selections for Hadlock’s EFW equations 1, 2, and 3 are not determined by the user. The selected equation is determined by the measurements that have been saved to the patient report with priority given to the order listed above. d. The Growth Analysis tables are used by the Report Graphs feature.
b Position the calipers: • For S/D, RI, position the first caliper at the peak systolic waveform. Press the SELECT key, and position the second caliper at the end diastole on the waveform. • For S/D, RI, PI, position the caliper at the beginning of the desired waveform, and press the SELECT key. Use the touchpad to manually trace the desired area. Press the SET key. If calipers are not positioned correctly, the calculation result is inaccurate. c Save the calculation.
Transcranial Doppler and Orbital calculations WARNING: To avoid injury to the patient, use only an Orbital (Orb) exam type when performing imaging through the eye. WARNING: Verify that the patient information, date, and time settings are accurate. WARNING: To avoid misdiagnosis or harming the patient outcome, start a new patient information form before starting a new patient exam and performing calculations. Starting a new patient information form clears the previous patient’s data.
AL ECVA TAP PSV EDV PI RI S/D Gate Size *Available but not required WARNING: To avoid injury to the patient, use only an Orbital (Orb) or Ophthalmic (Oph) exam type when performing imaging through the eye. The FDA has established lower acoustic energy limits for opthalmic use. The system will not exceed these limits only if the Orbital or Ophthalmic exam type is selected.
Vascular calculations . Vascular Calculations WARNING: WARNING: To avoid misdiagnosis or harming the patient outcome, start a new patient information form before starting a new patient exam and performing calculations. Starting a new patient information form clears the previous patient’s data. The previous patient’s data will be combined with the current patient if the form is not first cleared. See “To create a new patient information form” on page 36.
3 Do the following for each measurement you want to take: a From the calculations menu, select the measurement name. To send a patient report to a PC You can send a patient report to a PC as a text file. b Using the touchpad, position the caliper at the peak systolic waveform. c Press the SELECT key. A second caliper appears. d Using the touchpad, position the second caliper at the end diastole on the waveform. e Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 47.
TCD patient report To complete the OB biophysical profile The maximum values for the TAP calculation appear on the summary page. On page 2 of the OB patient report, select To delete a row of TCD measurements 1 On the Details page of the TCD patient report, select the row’s TAP measurement using the touchpad. (The selected measurement is green.) 2 Select Delete on-screen. Deleted measurements are not included in the summary information.
To display an MSK worksheet The MSK worksheets have lists from which you can select and a field for entering comments. 1 After or during the exam, press the REPORT key. 2 Select MSK on-screen. 3 Select the worksheet from the Worksheet list. To display additional pages in the worksheet, select x/x on-screen. Each worksheet has its own Comments field, which remains on-screen even if you display another page in the worksheet. If you want to save a worksheet page, press the SAVE key.
Chapter 5: Measurement References The 2D linear distance measurement results are displayed in centimeters with one place past the decimal point, if the measurement is ten or greater; two places past the decimal point, if the measurement is less than ten. The linear distance measurement components have the accuracy and range shown in the following tables.
Distance Time Heart Rate < +/2% plus 1% of full scalea Acquisition Phantomb < +/2% plus 1% of full scalec Acquisition Phantomd 0-26 cm 0.01-10 sec Acquisition Phantomd 5-923 < +/bpm 2% plus (Full Scalec * Heart Rate/1 00) % a. Full scale for distance implies the maximum depth of the image. b. An RMI 413a model phantom with 0.7 dB/cm MHz attenuation was used. c. Full scale for time implies the total time displayed on the scrolling graphic image. d. SonoSite special test equipment was used.
floating-point versus integer-type math, which is subject to errors introduced by rounding versus truncating results for display of a given level of significant digit in the calculation. Measurement publications and terminology The following sections list the publications and terminology used for each calculation result. Terminology and measurements comply with AIUM published standards. Body Surface Area (BSA) in m2 Grossman, W. Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography.
Delta Pressure: Delta Time (dP:dT) in mmHg/s Otto, C.M. Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography. Elapsed Time (ET) in msec 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders Company, (2000), 117, 118. Heart Rate (HR) in bpm 32 mmHg/time interval in seconds E:A Ratio in cm/sec E:A = velocity E/velocity A E/Ea Ratio Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer’s Pocket Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 225.
LVEDV = (7.0 * LVDD3)/(2.4 + LVDD) where: LVEDV = Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume LVDD = Left Ventricular Dimension at Diastole Left Ventricular Mass in gm Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 2nd Edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, (1999), 39. LV Mass = 1.04 [(LVID + PWT + IVST)3 – LVID3] * 0.8 + 0.6 where: LVID = Internal Dimension PWT = Posterior Wall Thickness IVST = Interventricular Septal Thickness 1.04 = Specific gravity of the myocardium 0.
Mean Velocity (Vmean) in cm/s Vmean = mean velocity Mitral Valve Area (MVA) in cm2 Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer’s Pocket Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Pressure Half Time (PHT) in msec Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer’s Pocket Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 391. PHT = DT * 0.29 Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 391, 452. where: MVA = 220/PHT Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA) in cm2 Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J.
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure (RVSP) in mmHg Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer’s Pocket Reference. School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Stroke Volume (SV) 2D and M Mode in ml Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. Heart Institute, (1993), 152. SV = (LVEDV – LVESV) 2 RVSP = 4 * (Vmax TR) + RAP where: 2nd ed., Boston: Little, Brown and Company, (1994), 44.
EDD = LMP date + 280 days Estimated Fetal Weight (EFW) Hadlock, F., et al. “Estimation of Fetal Weight with the Use of Head, Body, and Femur Measurements, A Prospective Study.” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 151:3 (February 1, 1985), 333-337. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 154. Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), 103-105. Shepard M.J., V. A. Richards, R. L. Berkowitz, et al.
Hadlock, F., et al. “Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters.” Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Hadlock, F., et al. “Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters.” Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 440. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 431.
Hadlock, F., et al. “Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters.” Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 431. Jeanty P., E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. “Normal Growth of the Abdominal Perimeter.” American Journal of Perinatology, 1: (January 1984), 129-135. (Also published in Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1986), 186, Table 7.20.) Femur Length (FL) Chitty, Lyn S. et al. “Charts of Fetal Size: 4. Femur Length.” British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 101: (February 1994), 135. Hadlock, F., et al. “Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters.” Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Jeanty P, E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. “A Longitudinal Study of Fetal Limb Growth.
Acceleration Index (ACC) Zwiebel, W.J. Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography, 4th ed., W.B. Saunders Company, (2000), 52. Zwiebel W.J., J.A. Zagzebski, A.B. Crummy, et al. “Correlation of peak Doppler frequency with lumen narrowing in carotid stenosis.” Stroke, 3: (1982), 386-391. ACC = abs (delta velocity/delta time) % Area Reduction = (1 - A2(cm2)/A1(cm2)) * 100 Elapsed Time (ET) where: ET = time between velocity cursors in milliseconds Hip Angle/d:D Ratio Graf, R.
Pulsatility Index (PI) Kurtz, A.B., W.D. Middleton. Ultrasound-the Requisites. Mosby Year Book, Inc., (1996), 469. PI = (PSV – EDV)/V where PSV = peak systolic velocity EDV = end diastolic velocity V = mean flow velocity throughout the entire cardiac cycle Resistive Index (RI) Kurtz, A.B., W.D. Middleton. Ultrasound-the Requisites. Mosby Year Book, Inc., (1996), 467.
88 Measurement publications and terminology
This chapter contains information to help correct problems with system operation, to enter a software license, and to take proper care of the system, transducer, and accessories. Troubleshooting If you encounter difficulty with the system, use the following list to help troubleshoot the problem. If the problem persists, contact SonoSite Technical Support. (See “SonoSite Technical Support” on page ix.) Troubleshooting Chapter 6: Troubleshooting and Maintenance System does not recognize the transducer.
patient” Delete any unwanted images or clips from the patient exam. See “To delete images and clips” on page 41. Software licensing SonoSite software is controlled by a license key. After you install new software, the system prompts you for a license key. You must obtain one key for each system or transducer that uses the software. The software will operate for a short time (the grace period) without a license key. During the grace period, all system functions are available.
Caution: Use the recommendations in this section when cleaning or disinfecting the ultrasound system, transducer, and accessories. Use the cleaning recommendations in the peripheral manufacturer’s instructions when cleaning or disinfecting peripherals. For recommended cleaners and disinfectants, see the disinfectant list available on www.sonosite.com.
Caution: Caution: When you clean the system, ensure that the solution does not get inside the system controls or the battery compartment. Do not scratch the LCD screen. To clean the LCD screen Dampen a clean, non-abrasive, cotton cloth with Cleaning and disinfecting transducers To disinfect the transducer and its cable, use the immersion method or the wipe method. WARNING: To avoid electrical shock, before cleaning, disconnect the transducer from the system.
Caution: Do not allow disinfectant to contact metal surfaces. Use a soft cloth lightly dampened in a mild soap or compatible cleaning solution to remove any disinfectant that remains on metal surfaces. 3 Clean the surface using a soft cloth lightly dampened in a mild soap or compatible cleaning solution to remove any particulate matter or body fluids. Attempting to disinfect a transducer or transducer cable using a method other than the one included here can damage the transducer and void the warranty.
2 Clean the surface using a soft cloth lightly dampened in a mild soap or detergent cleaning solution. Apply the solution to the cloth rather than the surface. 3 Wipe the surfaces with the disinfection solution. Sani-Cloth HB, Sani-Cloth Wipes, or 70% isopropyl alcohol is recommended. 4 Air dry. Cleaning the footswitch Caution: To avoid damaging the footswitch, do not sterilize. It is not intended for use in a sterile environment.
Chapter 7: Safety This chapter contains ergonomic, electrical, and clinical safety information required by regulatory agencies. The information applies to the ultrasound system, transducer, accessories, and peripherals. This chapter also defines labeling symbols, specifications, and standards. For safety information regarding the ALARA principle and acoustic output, see Chapter 8, “Acoustic Output.
e. Habes, D.J. and S. Baron. “Health Hazard Report 99-0093-2749.” University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. (1999). f. Vanderpool, H.E., E.A. Friis, B.S. Smith, and K.L. Harms. “Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Other Work-related Musculoskeletal Problems in Cardiac Sonographers.” Journal of Medicine. 35:6 (1993), 605-610. Position the system Promote comfortable shoulder, arm, and hand postures • Use a stand to support the weight of the ultrasound system.
• Minimize the pressure applied on the patient. • Keep your wrist in a straight position. Take breaks, exercise, and vary activities Minimizing scanning time and taking breaks can effectively allow your body to recover from physical activity and help you avoid MSDs. Some ultrasound tasks may require longer or more frequent breaks. However, simply changing tasks can help some muscle groups relax while others remain or become active.
WARNING: To avoid the risk of electrical shock: • This equipment must be connected only to a supply mains with protective earth. • Use only properly grounded equipment. Shock hazards exist if the power supply is not properly grounded. Grounding reliability can be achieved only when equipment is connected to a receptacle marked “Hospital Only” or “Hospital Grade” or the equivalent. The grounding wire must not be removed or defeated.
To prevent injury to the operator/bystander, the transducer must be removed from patient contact before the application of a high-voltage defibrillation pulse. WARNING: To avoid possible electrical shock or electromagnetic interference, verify proper operation and compliance with relevant safety standards for all equipment before clinical use. Connecting additional equipment to the ultrasound system constitutes configuring a medical system.
Non AP/APG Ultrasound system power supply, docking system, and peripherals. Equipment is not suitable for use in the presence of flammable anaesthetics. Equipment safety To protect your ultrasound system, transducer, and accessories, follow these precautions. Caution: Excessive bending or twisting of cables can cause a failure or intermittent operation. Caution: Improper cleaning or disinfecting of any part of the system can cause permanent damage.
Do not use a damaged battery. WARNING: Do not solder a battery. WARNING: The polarity of the battery terminals are fixed and cannot be switched or reversed. Do not force the battery into the system. WARNING: Do not connect the battery to an electrical power outlet. WARNING: Do not continue recharging the battery if it does not recharge after two successive six hour charging cycles. WARNING: Do not ship a damaged battery without instructions from SonoSite Technical Support.
WARNING: Do not use the system if it exhibits erratic or inconsistent behavior. Discontinuities in the scanning sequence are indicative of a hardware failure that must be corrected before use. WARNING: Some transducer sheaths contain natural rubber latex and talc, which can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Refer to 21 CFR 801.437, User labeling for devices that contain natural rubber. WARNING: Perform ultrasound procedures prudently.
Electromagnetic compatibility The ultrasound system has been tested and found to comply with the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits for medical devices to IEC 60601-1-2:2001. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a typical medical installation. WARNING: Medical electrical equipment requires special precautions regarding EMC and must be installed and operated according to these instructions.
Electrostatic discharge Caution: Electrostatic discharge (ESD), or static shock, is a naturally occurring phenomenon. ESD is common in conditions of low humidity, which can be caused by heating or air conditioning. ESD is a discharge of the electrical energy from a charged body to a lesser or non-charged body. The degree of discharge can be significant enough to cause damage to a transducer or an ultrasound system.
Separation distance Recommended separation distances between portable and mobile RF communications equipment and the Edge ultrasound system Rated maximum output power of transmitter Watts Safety The Edge ultrasound system is intended for use in an electromagnetic environment in which radiated radio frequency (RF) disturbances are controlled.
You may use these SonoSite accessories and third-party peripherals with the Edge ultrasound system. WARNING: Use of the accessories with medical systems other than the Edge ultrasound system may result in increased emissions or decreased immunity of the medical system. WARNING: Use of accessories other than those specified may result in increased emissions or decreased immunity of the ultrasound system.
Accessories and peripherals compatible with Edge ultrasound system (continued) — 3.3 ft/1 m Black & white printer USB cable — 10.8 ft/3.3 m Color printer P13983 — Color printer power cable — 3.3 ft/1 m Color printer video cable — 6.0 ft/ 1.8 m ECG lead wires P14202 24 in/ 0.6 m ECG module P08501 5.8 ft/1.8 m Edge Dock P15078 — Edge Stand P16000 — Footswitch P14689 9.8 ft/3.0 m Petite mouse P14451 6 ft /1.
Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Emissions The Edge ultrasound system is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of the Edge ultrasound system should assure that it is used in such an environment. Emissions Test Compliance Electromagnetic Environment RF emissions ClSPR 11 Group 1 The Edge ultrasound system uses RF energy only for its internal function.
Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Immunity (continued) The Edge ultrasound system is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of the Edge ultrasound system should assure that it is used in such an environment. Compliance Level Electromagnetic Environment Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) IEC 61000-4-2 Battery Power ±6.0KV contact ±8.0KV air ±6.
Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Immunity (continued) The Edge ultrasound system is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of the Edge ultrasound system should assure that it is used in such an environment.
Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Immunity (continued) The Edge ultrasound system is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of the Edge ultrasound system should assure that it is used in such an environment. Immunity Test IEC 60601 Test Level Compliance Level Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters, as determined by an electromagnetic Site surveya, should be less than the compliance level in each frequency rangeb.
Immunity testing requirements The Edge ultrasound system complies with the essential performance requirements specified in IEC 60601-1-2 and IEC 60601-2-37.
Table 1: Labeling Symbols (continued) Symbol Definition Biological risk Device complies with relevant Brazilian regulations for electro-medical devices. REF Safety Canadian Standards Association. The “C” and “US” indicators next to this mark signify that the product has been evaluated to the applicable CSA and ANSI/UL Standards, for use in Canada and the US, respectively. Catalog number Collect separately from other household waste (see European Commission Directive 93/86/EEC).
Table 1: Labeling Symbols (continued) Symbol Definition Do not stack over 5 high. Do not stack over 10 high. Electrostatic sensitive devices Device complies with relevant FCC regulations for electronic devices. Fragile GEL STERILE R STERILE EO Gel Sterilized using irradiation Sterilized using ethylene oxide Hot Device emits a static (DC) magnetic field.
Table 1: Labeling Symbols (continued) Symbol Definition Temperature limitation Atmospheric pressure limitation Safety Humidity limitation Submersible. Protected against the effects of temporary immersion. Water-Tight Equipment. Protected against the effects of extended immersion. Handle transducer with care. Follow manufacturer’s instructions for disinfecting time. Disinfect transducer.
Table 1: Labeling Symbols (continued) Symbol Definition WARNING: Connect Only WARNING: Connect Only Accessories and Peripherals Recommended by SonoSite Accessories and Peripherals Recommended by SonoSite Specifications Dimensions System • Length: 13 in. (33 cm) • Width: 12.4 in. (31.5 cm) • Height: 2.5 in. (6.3 cm) Display • Length: 9.7 in. (24.6 cm) • Height: 7.3 in. (18.5 cm) • Diagonal: 12.1 in. (30.
Shipping and storage (battery) -20–60°C (-4–140°F), 15–95% R.H. (For storage longer than 30 days, store at or below room temperature.) 500 to 1060hPa (0.5 to 1.05 ATM) Electrical specifications Power Supply Input: 100-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 2.0 A Max @ 100 VAC Power Supply Output #1: 15 VDC, 5.0 A Max Safety Power Supply Output #2: 12 VDC, 2.3 A Max Combined output not exceeding 75 watts.
EMC standards classification CISPR 11, International Electrotechnical Commission, International Special Committee on Radio Interference. Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Equipment—Radio-Frequency Disturbance Characteristics—Limits and Methods of Measurement. Classification for the ultrasound system, docking system, accessories, and peripherals when configured together: Group 1, Class A.
Chapter 8: Acoustic Output This chapter contains safety information required by regulatory agencies pertaining to acoustic output. The information applies to the ultrasound system, transducer, accessories, and peripherals. ALARA principle ALARA is the guiding principle for the use of diagnostic ultrasound. Sonographers and other qualified ultrasound users, using good judgment and insight, determine the exposure that is “as low as reasonably achievable.
The system has been designed to ensure that temperature at the face of the transducer will not exceed the limits established in Section 42 of EN 60601-2-37: Particular requirement for the safety of ultrasound medical diagnostic and monitoring equipment. See “Transducer surface temperature rise” on page 125. In the event of a device malfunction, there are redundant controls that limit transducer power.
• Comet tails For more information on detecting and interpreting acoustic artifacts, see the following reference: Kremkau, Frederick W. Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments. 7th ed., W.B. Saunders Company, (Oct. 17, 2005). Guidelines for reducing MI and TI The following are general guidelines for reducing MI or TI. If multiple parameters are given, the best results may be achieved by minimizing these parameters simultaneously. In some modes changing these parameters does not affect MI or TI.
Table 2: TI (TIS, TIC, TIB) CPD Settings Transducer Box Width Box Height PRF Depth (Depth) (PRF) HFL38x (Depth) HFL50x (Depth) C11x C60x ICTx L25x L38xi P10x Optimize Exam Gyn (PRF) (PRF) L38x (Depth) — — — — (Sample volume zone or size) — — — — (PRF) P21x (PRF) SLAx — — — (PRF) TEEx — — — — (PRF) Decrease or lower setting of parameter to reduce TI.
Output display The system meets the AIUM output display standard for MI and TI (See“Related guidance documents” on page 125). Table 3 indicates for each transducer and operating mode when either the TI or MI is greater than or equal to a value of 1.0, thus requiring display. Note: The D2x transducer has a static continuous wave (CW) output. This output is fixed. Therefore, TI and MI values cannot be changed by any system controls available to the user. Table 3: TI or MI 1.
Table 3: TI or MI 1.0 (continued) 2D/ M Mode CPD/ Color PW Doppler CW Doppler MI Yes Yes Yes No TIC, TIB, or TIS Yes Yes Yes Yes MI No No No — TIC, TIB, or TIS No No Yes — MI No No No No TIC, TIB, or TIS No No Yes Yes Transducer Model Index P21x/5-1 SLAx/13-6 TEEx/8-3 Even when MI is less than 1.0, the system provides a continuous real-time display of MI in all imaging modes, in increments of 0.1.
The displayed MI and TI values are based on calculations that use a set of acoustic output measurements that were made using a single reference ultrasound system with a single reference transducer that is representative of the population of transducers of that type.
HFL38x HFL50x L25x L38x 16.2 8.3 15.5 10.7 16.1 16.3 Simulated Use 9.1 8.8 1.9 7.9 7.7 8.5 9.6 P21x D2 17.6 P10x C60x Still air L38xi Test C11x Table 4: Transducer Surface Temperature Rise, External Use (°C) 12.5 15.6 17.2 9.8 9.2 8.8 Test ICTx SLAx TEEx Table 5: Transducer Surface Temperature Rise, Internal Use (°C ) Still air 9.2 9.5 9.3 Simulated Use 5.2 4.8 5.
In Situ= Water [e-(0.23alf)] where: In Situ = In Situ intensity value Water = Water intensity value e = 2.7183 a = attenuation factor (dB/cm MHz) Attenuation factor (a) for various tissue types are given below: brain = 0.53 heart = 0.66 kidney = 0.79 Acoustic Output liver = 0.43 muscle = 0.
interest is composed entirely of soft tissue. When the path contains significant amounts of fluid, as in many first and second-trimester pregnancies scanned transabdominally, this model may underestimate the In Situ acoustic exposure. The amount of underestimation depends upon each specific situation. Fixed-path tissue models, in which soft tissue thickness is held constant, sometimes are used to estimate In Situ acoustic exposures when the beam path is longer than 3 cm and consists largely of fluid.
Table 6: Transducer Model: C11x Operating Mode: CPD/Color TIS Index Label (a) # Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information (MPa) Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) # TIC Non-scan — 1.0 — 38.8 — — # # — — — 4.37 # # — — — — — — 1.12 0.
Table 7: Transducer Model: C11x Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — 1.0 — — 46.0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information (a) # Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. (MPa) TIB (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) # TIC Non-scan 1.7 1.8 24.
Table 8: Transducer Model: C60x Operating Mode: 2D TIS Index Label Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information 1.0 1.69 Scan (MHz) IPA.3@MImax — (b) — # — — 2.84 # — — — # X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) 0.579 (Hz) 5440 (MPa) 2.679 # # — — — — — — # # (cm) deq@Pllmax Focal Length 4.
Table 9: Transducer Model: C60x Operating Mode: M Mode TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter (MPa) Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information 1.0 1.62 Scan W0 (MHz) IPA.3@MImax (a) (b) # # # # — # — # # X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) 0.577 (Hz) 800 (MPa) 2.576 — — # # — — # # # # (cm) deq@Pllmax Focal Length 4.7 TIC Non-scan 2.
Table 10: Transducer Model: C60x Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label (a) # Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt Other Information (MPa) Scan W0 fc PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) # TIC Non-scan 3.1 (b) 85.64 # 1.255 0.51 # — # — 2.233 # — — # # — — 0.6552 1.
Table 11: Transducer Model: D2x Operating Mode: CW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information (a) # Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I.
Table 12: Transducer Model: HFL38x/13-6 Operating Mode: 2D TIS Index Label Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) z@PII.3max deq(zsp) PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Control 1: Exam Type Control 2: Optimization Control 3: Depth Control 4: MBe Non-scan TIC — (b) — # — 1.2 (cm) (MHz) Dim of Aaprt Other Information 1.1 2.
Table 13: Transducer Model: HFL38x Operating Mode: CPD/Color TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.1 2.556 Non-scan Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 1.0 — — — (b) 37.69 — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.
Table 14: Transducer Model: HFL38x Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Aaprt>1 — 1.1 — — 43.57 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) 0.9 Non-scan TIC 2.1 (b) 43.57 # 1.1 0.32 5.32 — 5.33 — 5.33 # — — 1.04 0.4 — — 1.04 0.4 # # 1.29 1008 2.404 (cm) 0.21 FLx (cm) — 3.72 — # FLy (cm) — 2.
Table 15: Transducer Model: HFL50x Operating Mode: 2D TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — W0 (mW) # — min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) z@PII.3max deq(zsp) Dim of Aaprt Other Information Non-scan Scan 1.3 (MPa) 3.051 fc PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.
Table 16: Transducer Model: HFL50x Operating Mode: M Mode TIS Index Label 1.2 3.14 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt Other Information (MPa) Scan W0 fc PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. Control 1: Exam Type Control 2: Optimization Control 3: Depth (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) 1.
Table 17: Transducer Model: HFL50x Operating Mode: CPD/Color TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter (MPa) Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt Other Information 1.3 3.05 Scan W0 (MHz) fc PD PRF pr@PIImax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Focal Length 1.2 TIC Non-scan — (b) — # — — 5.36 # — — — # # # — — — — — — # # 0.521 8233 3.81 (cm) deq@Pllmax IPA.
Table 18: Transducer Model: HFL50x Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Other Information 1.2 2.69 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — 1.1 — — 42.6 W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions (MPa) Non-scan Scan (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) 1.0 Non-scan TIC 1.9 (b) 42.6 # 1.1 0.33 5.34 — 5.34 — 5.34 # — — 1.08 0.40 — — 1.
Table 19: Transducer Model: ICTx Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information (a) # Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. (MPa) TIB (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) # TIC Non-scan 1.2 (a) 16.
Table 20: Transducer Model: L25x Operating Mode: 2D TIS Index Label Other Information 1.2 2.87 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Control 1: Exam Type Operating Control Conditions (MPa) Non-scan Scan Control 2: Optimization Control 3: Depth Control 4: MBe (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) 0.
Table 21: Transducer Model: L25x Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 (a) # Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information (MPa) Non-scan Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I. TIB (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) # Non-scan TIC 1.7 (b) 32.
Table 22: Transducer Model: L38x Operating Mode: CPD/Color TIS Index Label Non-scan M.I. Scan 1.0 — 64.88 — — (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt Other Information 1.3 2.89 W0 fc PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions (MPa) Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) 1.1 TIC Non-scan — (b) — # — — 4.91 4.91 — — — # 0.54 0.4 — — — — — — # # 0.
Table 23: Transducer Model: L38x Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — 2.0 — — 84.94 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information 1.0 2.345 Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. (MPa) TIB (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) 0.8 TIC Non-scan 2.
Table 24: Transducer Model: L38xi/10-5 Operating Mode: 2D TIS Index Label Other Information 1.5 3.54 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.
Table 25: Transducer Model: L38xi/10-5 Operating Mode: M Mode TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.5 3.54 Non-scan Scan Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I.
Table 26: Transducer Model: L38xi/10-5 Operating Mode: CPD/Color TIS Index Label Other Information 1.5 3.30 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 1.1 — — 47.5 — W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions (MPa) Non-scan Scan X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Non-scan TIC — (b) — # — — — # # # 0.8 4.82 4.82 0.66 0.40 — — — — — — 0.544 2885 3.
Table 27: Transducer Model: L38xi/10-5 Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.1 2.56 Non-scan Scan Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — 2.6 — — 114.5 W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I. TIB X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Non-scan TIC 3.
Table 28: Transducer Model: P10x Operating Mode: 2D Mode TIS Index Label (a) # Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information (MPa) Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) # TIC Non-scan — 1.1 — 40.6 — — # # — — — 4.01 # # — — — — — — 0.99 0.
Table 29: Transducer Model: P10x Operating Mode: Color TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter (MPa) Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information 1.0 2.02 Scan W0 (MHz) fc X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Focal Length IPA.3@MImax 2.4 TIC Non-scan — 1.3 — 41.38 — — 3.90 # — — — 3.91 # # — — — — — — 0.608 0.7 0.70 2772 2.
Table 30: Transducer Model: P10x Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label 1.0 2.03 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — 1.3 — — 40.1 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information (MPa) Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. (MHz) 2.1 TIC Non-scan 2.0 1.8 34.7 31.5 0.8 0.327 3.87 — 6.85 — 3.87 3.86 X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) 1.28 (Hz) 1563 (MPa) 2.
Table 31: Transducer Model: P10x Operating Mode: CW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information (a) # Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I.
Table 32: Transducer Model: P21x Operating Mode: 2D TIS Index Label 1.5 2.03 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt Other Information (MPa) Scan W0 fc PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. Control 1: Exam Type Control 2: Optimization Control 3: Depth Control 4: THI Control 5: Sector Width (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) 3.
Table 33: Transducer Model: P21x Operating Mode: M Mode TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) 3.645 deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information 1.5 2.10 Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Control 1: Exam Type Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I.
Table 34: Transducer Model: P21x Operating Mode: CPD/Color TIS Index Label Non-scan M.I. Scan 1.3 — 121.0 — — (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information 1.5 2.03 W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions (MPa) Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 (MHz) 3.4 TIC Non-scan — 2.5 — 116.5 — — 1.83 2.16 — — — 2.17 X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) 1.032 (Hz) 2038 (MPa) 2.53 0.852 1.
Table 35: Transducer Model: P21x Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — — 1.3 — — (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) 124.4 z1 (cm) 3.1 zbp (cm) 2.8 zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information 1.2 1.73 Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. (MPa) TIB (MHz) 5.0 TIC Non-scan 3.7 2.8 93.77 200.7 0.6 0.
Table 36: Transducer Model: P21x Operating Mode: CW Doppler TIS Index Label (a) # Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — — 1.0 — — (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) 104.9 z1 (cm) 1.20 zbp (cm) 1.31 zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information (MPa) Scan W0 fc deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. Control 1: Exam Type Control 2: Zone (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) # TIC Non-scan 3.6 3.1 108.8 108.8 1.2 0.
Table 37: Transducer Model: SLAx Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax Other Information (a) # Scan W0 fc (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Focal Length IPA.3@MImax # TIC Non-scan 1.1 (b) 10.6 # 0.6 0.16 # — # — 6.00 # — — # # — — 0.16 0.
Table 38: Transducer Model: TEEx Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label (a) # Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt Other Information (MPa) Scan W0 fc PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I. (MHz) X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) # TIC Non-scan 1.7 (b) 29.29 # 0.6 0.34 # — # — 3.84 # — — # # — — 0.261 0.
Table 39: Transducer Model: TEEx Operating Mode: CW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Aaprt1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) Dim of Aaprt Other Information (a) # Scan W0 fc PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions Non-scan M.I.
Terms used in the acoustic output tables Table 40: Acoustic Output Terms and Definitions Definition ISPTA.3 Derated spatial peak, temporal average intensity in units of milliwatts/cm2. TI type Applicable thermal index for the transducer, imaging mode, and exam type. TI value Thermal index value for the transducer, imaging mode, and exam type. MI Mechanical index. Ipa.3@MImax Derated pulse average intensity at the maximum MI in units of W/cm2.
Table 40: Acoustic Output Terms and Definitions (continued) Term Definition zsp For MI, the axial distance at which pr.3 is measured. For TIB, the axial distance at which TIB is a global maximum (for example, zsp = zb.3) in centimeters. deq(z) Equivalent beam diameter as a function of axial distance z, and is equal to 4 Wo I TA z , where ITA(z) is the temporal-average intensity as a function of z in centimeters. fc Center frequency in MHz. Dim.
Table 41: Acoustic Measurement Precision and Uncertainty Precision (% of standard deviation) Uncertainty (95% confidence) Pr 1.9% +11.2% Pr.3 1.9% +12.2% Wo 3.4% +10% fc 0.1% +4.7% PII 3.2% +12.5 to -16.8% PII.3 3.2% +13.47 to -17.
166
Glossary Terms For ultrasound terms not included in this glossary, refer to Recommended Ultrasound Terminology, Second Edition, published in 1997 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM). The guiding principle of ultrasound use, which states that you should keep patient exposure to ultrasound energy as low as reasonably achievable for diagnostic results. curved array transducer Identified by the letter C (curved or curvilinear) and a number (60).
168 SonoHD2™ Imaging Technology A subset of the 2D imaging mode in which the 2D image is enhanced by reducing speckle noise artifact at tissue margins and improving contrast resolution by reducing artifacts and improving visualization of texture patterns within the image.
Abbreviations Abbreviations in User Interface Definition +/× “+” Caliper/”×” Caliper Ratio A “A” Wave Peak Velocity A PG “A” Wave Peak Pressure Gradient A2Cd Apical 2 Chamber diastolic A2Cs Apical 2 Chamber systolic A4Cd Apical 4 Chamber diastolic A4Cs Apical 4 Chamber systolic AAA Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm AAo Ascending Aorta Abd Abdomen abs Absolute value AC Abdominal Circumference ACA Anterior Cerebral Artery ACC Acceleration Index ACoA Anterior Communicating Artery ACS Ao
Abbreviations in User Interface (continued) 170 Abbreviation Definition Ao Aorta AoD Aortic Root Diameter Apical Apical View APTD Anteroposterior Trunk Diameter AT Acceleration (Deceleration) Time AUA Average Ultrasound Age Calculated by averaging the individual ultrasound ages for the fetal biometry measurements performed during the exam. The measurements used to determine the AUA are based on the selected OB calculation authors.
Abbreviations in User Interface (continued) Definition CW Continuous Wave Doppler CxLen Cervix Length D Diameter D Apical Distance Apical DCCA Distal Common Carotid Artery DECA Distal External Carotid Artery DICA Distal Internal Carotid Artery Dist Distal dP:dT Delta Pressure: Delta Time E “E” Wave Peak Velocity E PG “E” Wave Peak Pressure Gradient E:A E:A Ratio E/e’ E velocity = Mitral Valve E velocity divided by the annular e’ velocity ECA External Carotid Artery ECG Electroc
Abbreviations in User Interface (continued) 172 Abbreviation Definition EFW Estimated Fetal Weight Calculated from the measurements performed during the exam. The measurements used to determine EFW are defined by the currently selected EFW calculation author. Endo Endocardial Epi Epicardial EPSS “E” Point Septal Separation Estab. DD Established Due Date A user-entered due date based on previous exam data or other available information.
Abbreviations in User Interface (continued) Definition HR Heart Rate ICA Internal Carotid Artery IMT Intima Media Thickness IVRT Iso Volumic Relaxation Time IVS Interventricular Septum IVSd Interventricular Septum Diastolic IVSFT Interventricular Septum Fractional Thickening IVSs Interventricular Septum Systolic LA Left Atrium LA/Ao Left Atrium/Aorta Ratio LAT F Lateral Far LAT N Lateral Near Lat V Lateral Ventricle LMP Last Menstrual Period LMP Last Menstrual Period The first
Abbreviations in User Interface (continued) 174 Abbreviation Definition LVDFS Left Ventricular Dimension Fractional Shortening LVDs Left Ventricular Dimension Systolic LVEDV Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume LVESV Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume LVET Left Ventricular Ejection Time LVO Left Ventricular Opacification LVOT Left Ventricular Outflow Tract LVOT Area Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Area LVOT D Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Diameter LVOT VTI Left Ventricular Outflow
Abbreviations in User Interface (continued) Definition Msk Musculoskeletal MV Mitral Valve MV Area Mitral Valve Area MV Regurgitant Fraction Mitral Valve Regurgitant Fraction MV Regurgitant Volume Mitral Valve Regurgitant Volume MV/VTI Mitral Valve/Velocity Time Integral MVA Mitral Valve Area MV ERO Mitral Valve Effective Regurgitant Orifice MV PISA Area Mitral Valve Proximal Iso Velocity Surface Area MV Rate Mitral Valve Rate Neo Neonatal Nrv Nerve NST Non-stress test NTSC Natio
Abbreviations in User Interface (continued) 176 Abbreviation Definition PGmax Maximum Pressure Gradient PGmean Mean Pressure Gradient PGr Pressure Gradient PHT Pressure Half Time PI Pulsatility Index PICA Proximal Internal Carotid Artery PISA Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Plaq Plaque POST F Posterior Far POST N Posterior Near PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency Prox Proximal PSV Peak Systolic Velocity PV Pulmonic Valve P.
Abbreviations in User Interface (continued) Definition RVW Right Ventricular Free Wall RVWd Right Ventricular Free Wall Diastolic RVWs Right Ventricular Free Wall Systolic S SonoHD technology S/D Systolic/Diastolic Ratio SI Stroke Index Siphon Siphon (internal carotid artery) SM Submandibular SmP Small Parts SO Suboccipital Sup Superficial SV Stroke Volume TAM Time Average Mean TAP Time Average Peak TCD Trans-cerebellum Diameter (OB measurement) Transcranial Doppler (exam type)
Abbreviations in User Interface (continued) 178 Abbreviation Definition UA Ultrasound Age Calculated on the mean measurements taken for a particular fetal biometry.
Index Symbols +/x measurement 45 beeps 19 biological safety 101 bodymarker. See pictographs brightness 26 Numerics 2D imaging 25 2D options 25 A B baseline 29 battery clean 93 safety 100 setup 19 specifications 117 cables clean and disinfect ECG 94 connect power 2 calculations cardiac.
MV/AV area 57 overview 53 PHT 58 PISA 54 RVSP 58 setup 19 SV 60 TDI 61 VTI 57 cardiac index (CI) 60 cardiac output (CO) 60, 61 cardiac references 77 cardiac, intended uses 12 cautions, definition ix cine buffer 5, 30 clean battery 93 ECG cable 94 footswitch 94 LCD screen 92 system 91 transducers 92 cleaners, recommended 91 clip acquisition delay 42 clips See also images and clips options 26, 38 color Doppler (Color) imaging 27 color power Doppler (CPD) imaging 27 color scheme, background 22 color suppress 2
user accounts 17 F far 5 fetal heart rate (FHR) 67 flow sensitivity 27 focal zones, optimize 25 footswitch setup 15 forms 6 freeze 30 G gain adjust 30 ECG 42 keys 5 gate size 29 gestational age setup 20 tables, references 82 gestational growth, measure 67 grace period 90 grayscale 25 growth analysis setup 20 tables, references 84 guidance documents, related 125 guideline, needle guideline 26 gynecology (Gyn) calculations 62 intended uses 12 heart rate 37 heart rate (HR) 45, 60, 67 home position 36 humidi
MBe.
PW Doppler. See pulsed wave (PW) Doppler imaging S T safety battery 100 biological 101 electrical 97 electromagnetic compatibility 103 equipment 100 save calculations 47 image 6 measurements 43 SAVE key 22 scale 29 scanhead.
user guide, conventions used ix user setup 16 uses, intended 12–13 V variance 28 vascular calculations 71 intended uses 13 velocity measurement 45 velocity time integral (VTI) 57 volume calculations 50 Doppler, adjust 29 volume flow 51 W wall filter 27, 29 warnings, definition ix worksheets 73 Z zoom 30 184 Index
P15200-01 *P15200-01*
