User guide

Chapter 5: Measurement References 83
References
Hadlock, F., et al. “Estimating Fetal Age:
Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal
Growth Parameters.”
Radiology , 152: (1984),
497-501.
Hansmann, M., et al.
Ultrasound Diagnosis in
Obstetrics and Gynecology
. New York:
Springer-Verlag, (1986), 440.
Osaka University.
Ultrasound in Obstetrics and
Gynecology
. (July 20, 1990), 98.
University of Tokyo, Shinozuka, N. FJSUM, et al.
“Standard Values of Ultrasonographic Fetal
Biometry.”
Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasonics ,
23:12 (1996), 885.
Cisterna Magna (CM)
Mahony, B.; P. Callen, R. Filly, and W. Hoddick. “The
fetal cisterna magna.”
Radiology , 153: (December
1984), 773-776.
Crown Rump Length (CRL)
Hadlock, F., et al. “Fetal Crown-Rump Length:
Re-evaluation of Relation to Menstrual Age (5-18
weeks) with High-Resolution, Real-Time
Ultrasound.”
Radiology , 182: (February 1992),
501-505.
Hansmann, M., et al.
Ultrasound Diagnosis in
Obstetrics and Gynecology
. New York:
Springer-Verlag, (1986), 439.
Osaka University.
Ultrasound in Obstetrics and
Gynecology
. (July 20, 1990), 20 and 96.
Tokyo University. “Gestational Weeks and
Computation Methods.”
Ultrasound Imaging
Diagnostics
, 12:1 (1982-1), 24-25, Table 3.
Femur Length (FL)
Chitty, L. S. and D.G. Altman. “New charts for
ultrasound dating of pregnancy.”
Ultrasound in
Obstetrics and Gynecology
10: (1997), 174-179,
Table 8, 186.
Hadlock, F., et al. “Estimating Fetal Age:
Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal
Growth Parameters.”
Radiology , 152: (1984),
497-501.
Hansmann, M., et al.
Ultrasound Diagnosis in
Obstetrics and Gynecology
. New York:
Springer-Verlag, (1986), 431.
Osaka University.
Ultrasound in Obstetrics and
Gynecology
. (July 20, 1990), 101-102.
University of Tokyo, Shinozuka, N. FJSUM, et al.
“Standard Values of Ultrasonographic Fetal
Biometry.”
Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasonics ,
23:12 (1996), 886.
Fetal Trunk Cross-Sectional Area (FTA)
Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and
Gynecology
. (July 20, 1990), 99-100.
Gestational Sac (GS)
Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in
Obstetrics and Gynecology
. New York:
Springer-Verlag, (1986).
Nyberg, D.A., et al. “Transvaginal Ultrasound.”
Mosby Yearbook , (1992), 76.
Gestational sac measurements provide a fetal
age based on the mean of one, two, or three
distance measurements; however, Nyberg’s
gestational age equation requires all three
distance measurements for an accurate
estimate.
Tokyo University. “Gestational Weeks and
Computation Methods.”
Ultrasound Imaging
Diagnostics
, 12:1 (1982-1).
Head Circumference (HC)
Chitty, L. S. and D.G. Altman. “New charts for
ultrasound dating of pregnancy.”
Ultrasound in
Obstetrics and Gynecology
10: (1997), 174-191,
Table 5, 182.