User guide

Chapter 5: Measurement References 85
References
Obstetrics and Gynecology . Springer-Verlag,
New York, (1986), 186, Table 7.20.)
Femur Length (FL)
Chitty, Lyn S. et al. “Charts of Fetal Size: 4. Femur
Length.”
British Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology
101: (February 1994), 135.
Hadlock, F., et al. “Estimating Fetal Age:
Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal
Growth Parameters.”
Radiology , 152: (1984),
497-501.
Jeanty P, E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. “A
Longitudinal Study of Fetal Limb Growth.”
American Journal of Perinatology , 1: (January
1984), 136-144, Table 5.
(Also published in Hansmann, Hackeloer,
Staudach, Wittman.
Ultrasound Diagnosis in
Obstetrics and Gynecology
. Springer-Verlag,
New York, (1986), 182, Table 7.17.)
Head Circumference (HC)
Chitty, Lyn S., et al. “Charts of Fetal Size: 2. Head
Measurements.”
British Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology
101: (January 1994), 43, Appendix:
HC-Derived.
Hadlock, F., et al. “Estimating Fetal Age:
Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal
Growth Parameters.”
Radiology , 152: (1984),
497-501.
Jeanty P, E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. “A
longitudinal study of Fetal Head Biometry.”
American J of Perinatology , 1: (January 1984),
118-128, Table 3.
(Also published in Hansmann, Hackeloer,
Staudach, Wittman.
Ultrasound Diagnosis in
Obstetrics and Gynecology
. Springer-Verlag,
New York, (1986), 176, Table 7.8.)
Head Circumference (HC)/Abdominal
Circumference (AC)
Campbell S., Thoms Alison. “Ultrasound
Measurements of the Fetal Head to Abdomen
Circumference Ratio in the Assessment of Growth
Retardation,”
British Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology
, 84: (March 1977), 165-174.
Ratio calculations
FL/AC Ratio
Hadlock F.P., R. L. Deter, R. B. Harrist, E. Roecker,
and S.K. Park. “A Date Independent Predictor of
Intrauterine Growth Retardation: Femur
Length/Abdominal Circumference Ratio,”
American Journal of Roentgenology , 141:
(November 1983), 979-984.
FL/BPD Ratio
Hohler, C.W., and T.A. Quetel. “Comparison of
Ultrasound Femur Length and Biparietal Diameter
in Late Pregnancy,”
American Journal of Obstetrics
and Gynecology
, 141:7 (Dec. 1 1981), 759-762.
FL/HC Ratio
Hadlock F.P., R. B. Harrist, Y. Shah, and S. K. Park.
“The Femur Length/Head Circumference Relation
in Obstetric Sonography.”
Journal of Ultrasound in
Medicine
, 3: (October 1984), 439-442.
HC/AC Ratio
Campbell S., Thoms Alison. “Ultrasound
Measurements of the Fetal Head to Abdomen
Circumference Ratio in the Assessment of Growth
Retardation,”
British Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology
, 84: (March 1977), 165-174.
General references
+/x or S/D Ratio
+/x = abs (Velocity A/Velocity B)
where A = velocity cursor +
B = velocity cursor x