Copyright © 2007 by Elenco® Electronics, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced by any means; electronic, photocopying, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher.
Table of Contents Basic Troubleshooting Parts List MORE About Your Snap Circuits® Parts MORE Advanced Troubleshooting ! 1 2 3, 4 4 MORE DO’s and DON’Ts of Building Circuits Project Listings Projects 306-511 Other Snap Circuits® Products WARNING TO ALL PARTS WITH A ! SYMBOL - Moving parts. Do not touch the motor or fan during operation. Do not lean over the motor. Do not launch the fan at people, animals, or objects. Eye protection is recommended.
Parts List (Colors and styles may vary) Symbols and Numbers Note: There are additional part lists in your other project manuals. Part designs are subject to change without notice. Important: If any parts are missing or damaged, DO NOT RETURN TO RETAILER. Call toll-free (800) 533-2441 or e-mail us at: help@elenco.com. Customer Service • 150 Carpenter Ave. • Wheeling, IL 60090 U.S.A. Qty.
MORE About Your New Snap Circuits® Parts (Note: There is additional information in your other project manuals). Our Student Guides give much more information about your parts, along with a complete lesson in basic electronics. See www.snapcircuits.net/learn.htm or page 62 for more information. (Part designs are subject to change without notice). The FM module (FM) contains an integrated FM radio circuit.
MORE About Your Snap Circuits® Parts (continued) MORE Advanced Troubleshooting (Adult supervision recommended) SCR (Q3) - An SCR is a three-pin (anode, cathode and gate) silicon-controlled rectifier diode. Like a standard diode, it permits current flow in only one direction. It will only conduct in the forward direction when triggered by a short pulse (or steady voltage applied) between the gate and cathode terminals.
MORE DO’s and DON’Ts of Building Circuits After building the circuits given in this booklet, you may wish to experiment on your own. Use the projects in this booklet as a guide, as many important design concepts are introduced throughout them. Every circuit will include a power source (the batteries), a resistance (which might be a resistor, lamp, motor, integrated circuit, etc.), and wiring paths between them and back.
Project Listings Project # 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 Description Page # AM Radio 8 Adjustable Volume FM Radio 8 Playback & Record 9 Playing Music 9 Light-Controlled Music 9 Touch-Controlled Music 9 Power Amplified Playing Music 10 Power Playback & Record 10 Power Light-Controlled Music 10 Power Touch-Controlled Music 10 FM Radio 11 Mega Circuit 11 SCR 2.
Project Listings Project # 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 -7- Description Page # Oscillator Sound (V) 37 Transistor Tester 38 Adjustable Voltage Divider 38 Automatic Display Capital Letter “C” 39 Automatic Display Capital Letter “E” 39 Automatic Display Capital Letter “F” 39 Automatic Display Capital Letter “H” 39 Automatic Display Capital Letter “P” 39 Automatic Display Capital Letter “S” 39 Autom
Project #306 AM Radio OBJECTIVE: To build a one-IC AM radio. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and adjust the variable capacitor (CV) for a radio station. Make sure you set the variable resistor (RV) control to the left for louder sound. Project #307 Adjustable Volume FM Radio OBJECTIVE: To build a working FM radio with adjustable volume. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and press the R button. Now press the T button and FM module (FM) scans for a radio station.
Project #308 Playback & Record OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the capabilities of the recording integrated circuit. Build the circuit shown. Turn on the slide switch (S1), you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording. Talk into the microphone (X1) up to 8 seconds, and then turn off the slide switch (it also beeps after the 8 seconds expires). Press the press switch (S2) for playback. It plays the recording you made followed by one of three songs.
Project #312 Power Amplified Playing Music OBJECTIVE: To build a circuit that amplifies the recording IC. Connecting the power amplifier IC (U4) to the output of the recording IC (U6), you can make much louder music than project #308. Turn on the switch (S1), you hear a beep signaling that you may begin recording. Talk into the microphone up to 8 seconds, and then turn open the switch (it also beeps after the 8 seconds expires). Press the press switch (S2) for playback.
Project #316 FM Radio OBJECTIVE: To build a working FM radio. The FM module (FM) contains a scan (T) and a reset (R) button. The R button resets the frequency to 88MHz. This is the beginning of the FM range. Press the T button, the module scans for the next available radio station. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and press the R button. Now press the T button and the FM module scans for an available radio station. When a station is found, it locks on to it and you hear it on the speaker.
Project #318 SCR 2.5V Bulb OBJECTIVE: To learn the principle of an SCR. This circuit demonstrates the principle of the SCR (Q3). The SCR can be thought of as an electronic switch with three leads: anode, cathode, and gate. Like a standard diode, it permits current flow in only one direction. It will only conduct in the forward direction when triggered by a short pulse or steady voltage applied between the gate and cathode terminals.
Project #320 Music Alarm OBJECTIVE: To build a music alarm. The alarm circuit activates when you remove the jumper wire from points A & B. The jumper wire shorts the SCR’s (Q3) gate to ground and the SCR does not conduct. Removing the jumper wire places a voltage on the gate and the SCR conducts. This connects the battery to the music IC (U1) and music is played. Construct the circuit and you should hear no music. Now remove the jumper wire and the music starts playing.
Project #323 3mA Meter OBJECTIVE: To build a 3mA meter circuit. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) scale. Inside the meter, there is a fixed magnet and a moveable coil around it. As current flows through the coil, it creates a magnetic field. The interaction of the two magnetic fields cause the coil (connected to the pointer) to move (deflect). By itself, the meter can measure 300µA. To increase its range, resistors are connected in parallel or in series to the meter. Build the circuit shown.
Project #325 Function of Adjustable Resistor OBJECTIVE: To understand the function of the adjustable resistor. Project #326 An adjustable resistor is a normal resistor with an additional arm contact. The arm moves along the resistive material and taps off the desired resistance. The slider on the adjustable resistor moves the arm contact and sets the resistance between the bottom (point C1) pin and the center pin (point B2). The remaining resistance is between the center and top pin.
Project #327 Meter Deflect by Motor OBJECTIVE: To change the direction of current flow using a motor. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) setting. A motor generates a current when it rotates. The rotation of the motor determines the direction current flows. Quickly spin the motor (M1) clockwise with your hand; the meter deflects to the right. Now spin the motor counterclockwise, and the meter deflects to the left. Project #328 SCR 6V Bulb OBJECTIVE: To learn the principle of an SCR.
Project #329 Principle of Segment LED OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate how a seven segment LED works. The display (D7) is made up of seven segments. Each segment contains an LED connected to an input snap. When the snap is connected to the negative of the battery the segment lights. For example, connect the circuit as shown and the letter “L” lights. Project #330 Display #1 OBJECTIVE: To configure the seven segment to display the number 1. OBJECTIVE: To configure the seven segment to display the number 2.
Project #334 Display #5 Project #335 Display #6 Project #336 Display #7 OBJECTIVE: To configure the seven segment to display the number 5. OBJECTIVE: To configure the seven segment to display the number 6. OBJECTIVE: To configure the seven segment to display the number 7. Connect A, F, G, C, & D to the negative of the battery. Connect A, C, D, E, F, & G to the negative of the battery. Connect A, B, & C to the negative of the battery.
Project #341 LED & Relay OBJECTIVE: Turn on and off LED’s using a relay. A relay is an electronic switch with contacts that are opened or closed using voltage. It contains a coil that generates a magnetic field when a current flows through it. The magnetic field attracts an iron armature which switches the contacts. Contact #2 is normally closed, connecting the green LED (D2) and the resistor across the batteries. With the slide slide switch (S1) turned off, the green LED should light.
Project #343 Half Wave Rectifier Circuit OBJECTIVE: To build a half wave rectifier circuit. A rectifier changes an AC voltage into a DC voltage. A diode (D1) is used because it allows current to flow in only one direction, for one polarity of applied voltage. As the contacts open and close, it generates an AC voltage across the transformer (T1). We can measure the DC current from the transformer’s output using a resistor (R2), a diode (D1), and a meter (M2). Set the meter to the LOW (or 10mA) scale.
Project #347 Telegraph OBJECTIVE: Making telegraph sounds. Press the press switch (S2) down. The circuit oscillates and the AC voltage generated from the transformer (T1) drives the speaker (SP). To make a telegraph sound, depress the switch for long and short periods. Project #348 Mosquito Sound OBJECTIVE: Use the whistle chip to make a mosquito sound. Project #349 Mosquito Sound (II) Use the circuit in project #347. Remove the speaker (SP).
Project #352 Bulb & Relay OBJECTIVE: Light a bulb using a relay. Turn off the slide switch (S1). If you press switch (S2), the lamp (L2) will not light. Turn on the slide switch and press the press switch again; the lamp lights and stays on until the slide switch is turned off. This circuit remembers that the press switch was pressed. Turn the slide switch off and back on again. The lamp will be off until the press switch is pressed, then the lamp will stay on.
Project #354 Transistor Timer OBJECTIVE: To build a manual timer using a transistor in place of the relay. This circuit is similar to project #342 except now two transistors are used. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and hold down the press switch (S2). The transistors (Q1 & Q2) turn on, the capacitor (C3) charges up, and the bulb (L2) lights. When the press switch (S2) is released, the capacitor discharges through the base, keeping the transistors on.
Project #357 Adjustable Light Control OBJECTIVE: Build an adjustable light-controlled relay. You can set the amount of light it takes to keep the bulb (L2) on by adjusting the adjustable resistor (RV). Set the adjustable resistor to the top position and turn on the switch. The bulb lights. Cover the photoresistor (RP) and the bulb turns off. Set the adjustable resistor to different positions and then cover the photoresistor. Note that only the top half of the adjustable resistor affects the circuit.
Project #359 AC to DC Current OBJECTIVE: To convert an AC current to DC using an LED. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) scale. Pressing and releasing the press switch (S2) continuously generates an AC (changing) current. The LED (D1) is used to convert the AC (changing) current to DC (unchanging) current because it only allows the current to flow in one direction. The LED should light as the meter deflects to the right only. Without the LED, the meter would deflect in both directions.
Project #361 Buzzer, Relay, & Transformer OBJECTIVE: To use a transformer for a louder buzzer. Turn on the switch (S1). The speaker (SP) generates a buzzer sound. As in project #353, the relay (S3) is rapidly switched on and off. This causes an AC voltage on the left side of the transformer (T1). The voltage is stepped-down and applied to the speaker, generating the sound. To make the sound a little louder, replace the 0.1µF capacitor (C2) with a 3-snap wire.
Project #363 Project #364 Display Capital Display Capital Letter “F” Letter “H” OBJECTIVE: To configure the seven segment to display the capital letter “F”. OBJECTIVE: To configure the seven segment to display the capital letter “H”. Connect A, E, F, & G to the negative of the battery. Connect B, C, E, F, & G to the negative of the battery. OBJECTIVE: To configure the seven segment to display the capital letter “P”. OBJECTIVE: To configure the seven segment to display the capital letter “S”.
Project #371 Display Letter “b” OBJECTIVE: To configure the seven segment to display the letter “b”. Connect C, D, E, F, & G to the negative of the battery. Project #372 Display Letter “c” OBJECTIVE: To configure the seven segment to display the letter “c”. Connect A, F, & G to the negative of the battery.
Project #377 Space War Alarm by SCR OBJECTIVE: To build an alarm circuit. The circuit uses the space war IC (U3) and works the same way as project #320. Remove the jumper wire and a space war sound plays. Project #378 Light Space War Alarm OBJECTIVE: To build an alarm circuit. Project #379 Use the circuit in project #377. Replace the resistor (R3) with the photoresistor (RP) and remove the jumper wire. Cover the photoresistor with your hand. Now slowly remove your hand.
Project #381 Delay Light OBJECTIVE: To construct a time delay circuit. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and the bulb (L2) does not light. Press switch (S2) and slowly the bulb lights. When the press switch is pressed, current flows to the base of the transistor (Q2) and charges the 100µF capacitor (C4). When the capacitor charges up to more than 1 volt, the transistor (Q2) turns on and triggers the SCR (Q3). The bulb will stay lit until the slide switch is turned off.
Project #384 Recording LED Indicator OBJECTIVE: To build a circuit that lights an LED to indicate the recording mode. The circuit uses sound (beep) and light (LED) to indicate that you are recording. Build the circuit; the red (D1) and green (D2) LED’s should light. Now turn on the slide switch (S1). You hear one beep and the green LED turns off. Speak into the microphone (X1) to record a message.
Project #386 Alarm Light OBJECTIVE: To light a bulb to indicate an open circuit. This is another example of a alarm that activates when the circuit is broken. Connect the jumper wire across points A & B and then turn on the slide switch (S1). The lamp (L2) will not light until the jumper wire is disconnected. Then the lamp will not turn off. Turn off the switch to turn the lamp off again. This circuit remembers if there was a break in the connection.
Project #388 Night Police Car OBJECTIVE: To build a night-sensitive police car sound. As the photoresistor (RP) is exposed to light, its resistance is very low, thereby connecting the gate of the SCR (Q3) to ground. This prevents the SCR from conducting, connecting the alarm IC (U2) to the batteries. The alarm IC remains off until the light is blocked, triggering the SCR. If the light in the room is not bright, the IC may turn on. Wave your hands over the photoresistor.
Project #392 Daytime Light Police Car OBJECTIVE: To build a light-sensitive police car sound. As long as the photoresistor (RP) is exposed to light, the alarm IC (U2) outputs a signal to the speaker (SP). Block the light with your hand and the sound will stop. Project #393 Daytime Light Machine Gun Project #394 Daytime Light Fire Engine Project #395 Daytime Light Ambulance OBJECTIVE: To build a light-sensitive machine gun sound. OBJECTIVE: To build a light-sensitive fire engine sound.
Project #396 Flashing 8 OBJECTIVE: Use the Alarm IC as a switch to flash the number “8”. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and the number 8 starts flashing. The segments are powered by connecting them to the IC’s (U2) output. Project #397 Flashing 8 with Sound OBJECTIVE: To build a circuit so you can hear and see the 8 flash. Project #398 Use the circuit in project #396. Connect the speaker (SP) across points X & Y to see and hear the IC’s (U2) output.
Project #399 Electronic Noisemaker OBJECTIVE: To make different tones with an oscillator. Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch (S1), you hear a highfrequency tone. Press the press switch (S2) and move the adjustable resistor (RV) control around to change to frequency of the tone. Replace the 0.1µF capacitor (C2) with the 10µF capacitor (C3, “+” on the right) to lower the frequency of the tone. Project #400 Electronic Noisemaker (II) OBJECTIVE: To show a variation of project #399.
Project #404 Oscillator Sound OBJECTIVE: Build an oscillator circuit. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and the LED (D1) lights as the speaker (SP) emits a tone. The circuit oscillates and generates an AC voltage across the speaker through the transformer (T1). Project #405 Oscillator Sound (II) OBJECTIVE: Show variations of project #404. Project #406 Oscillator Sound (III) Use the circuit in project #404. In this circuit, you will change the tone by adding more capacitance.
Project #409 Transistor Tester OBJECTIVE: To build a circuit that checks the transistor. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) setting. Turn on the switch (S1), the meter does not move. Press the switch (S2), the meter deflects and points to 10. This indicates the transistor (Q2) is GOOD. The meter would only deflect a little or not at all for a BAD transistor. Project #410 Adjustable Voltage Divider OBJECTIVE: To make an adjustable current path. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) setting.
Project #411 Automatic Display Capital Letter “C” OBJECTIVE: To construct a flashing display for the capital letter C. Connect segments A, D, E & F to the circuit. Turn on the switch (S1), the display flashes and the whistle chip (WC) buzzes on and off. Project #412 Automatic Display Capital Letter “E” OBJECTIVE: To construct a flashing display for the capital letter E. Project #413 Automatic Display Capital Letter “F” Use the circuit from project #411. Connect A, D, E, F, & G to the circuit.
Project #419 Whistle Chip Sounds OBJECTIVE: To make sounds from the whistle chip. Turn on the switch (S1). As the circuit oscillates, the plate in the whistle chip vibrates and generates sound. Project #420 Whistle Chip Sounds (II) OBJECTIVE: Show variations of project #419. Project #421 Whistle Chip Sounds (III) OBJECTIVE: Show variations of project #419. Project #423 Whistle Chip Sounds (V) Use the circuit in project #419. Connect the whistle chip (WC) across points C & D.
Project #425 LED Music OBJECTIVE: To light the LED’s using the recording IC. The recording IC (U6) lights the LED’s (D1 & D2) instead of driving the speaker (SP). Press the press switch (S2) once. The LED’s light and then turn off after a while. Press the press switch again and see how long the second song plays. When the second song stops, press the press switch (S2) again to play the third song. Project #426 Light-controlled LED Time Delay OBJECTIVE: Show variations of project #425.
Project #428 Alarm Recorder OBJECTIVE: To record the sound from the alarm IC. The circuit records the sound from the alarm IC (U2) into the recording IC (U6). Turn on the switch (S1). The first beep indicates that the IC has begun recording. When you hear two beeps, the recording has stopped. Turn off the slide switch (S1) and press the switch (S2). You will hear the recording of the alarm IC before each song is played. The lamp (L2) is used to limit current and will not light.
Project #431 Time Delay 1-7 Seconds OBJECTIVE: To build a time delay circuit. The length of time the motor (M1) runs depends on the position of the adjustable resistor (RV). When the press switch (S2) is pressed, the 470µF capacitor (C5) charges. As the press switch is released, C5 discharges through the resistors R4 and RV, turning the transistor (Q2) on. Transistor Q2 connects the relay (S3) to the batteries, the contacts switch, and the motor (M1) spins.
Project #433 Manual 7 Second Timer (II) OBJECTIVE: To build a manual timer using a relay and whistle chip. This circuit is similar to project #431 except now the whistle chip (WC) will also make sound. Project #434 15 Second Alarm OBJECTIVE: To build a circuit that sounds the speaker for 15 seconds. As in project #431, the transistor (Q2) acts as a switch, connecting the relay (S3) and the alarm IC (U2) to the batteries. As long as there is a voltage on the transistor's base, the alarm IC sounds.
Project #435 Flashing “1 & 2” OBJECTIVE: Use the Alarm IC as a switch to flash the numbers “1 & 2”. Connect segments B & C to the circuit. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and the number “1” should be flashing. Now, connect A, B, G, E, & D to flash the number “2”. Project #436 Project #437 Flashing “3 & 4” Flashing “5 & 6” Project #438 Flashing “7 & 8” OBJECTIVE: Use the Alarm IC as a switch to flash the numbers “3 & 4”. OBJECTIVE: Use the Alarm IC as a switch to flash the numbers “5 & 6”.
Project #444 Alarm Timer OBJECTIVE: To connect the alarm IC to a timer circuit. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and the alarm may sound and slowly drift away as the lamp (L2) brightens. Press the press switch (S2) and the alarm sounds at full volume as the LED (D1) lights. Capacitor C5 is also charged. Release the press switch; the alarm IC (U2) still sounds because the voltage from the discharging C5 keeps Q1 and Q2 off.
Project #447 Bird Sounds OBJECTIVE: To create bird sounds. Project #448 Bird Sounds (II) Turn on the switch (S1). The circuit makes a bird sound. OBJECTIVE: To create bird sounds. Project #449 Bird Sounds (III) OBJECTIVE: To create bird sounds. Use the circuit in project #447. Using the jumper wires, connect the whistle chip (WC) across points A & B and the sound changes. Project #451 Bird Sounds (V) OBJECTIVE: To create bird sounds. Use the circuit in project #447.
Project #453 Motor Sound Recording OBJECTIVE: Build a circuit that records the sound of the motor spinning. Placing the motor (M1) (with the fan attached) next to the microphone (X1) enables you to record the sound as it spins. Turn off and then turn on the switch (S1). After the two beeps, turn off the slide switch (S1) again. Remove the jumper wire connected across points A & B and press the press switch (S2) to hear the recording. The lamp (L2) is used to limit the current and will not light.
Project #455 Relay & Buzzer OBJECTIVE: Use the whistle chip and relay to make sound. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and the relay (S3) opens and closes continuously. This creates an AC voltage across the whistle chip (WC), causing it to vibrate and sound. Project #456 Relay & Speaker OBJECTIVE: Use the speaker and relay to make sound. Use the circuit from project #455. Replace the whistle chip (WC) with the speaker (SP).
Project #458 Electronic Cat OBJECTIVE: To create the sound of a cat. Set the adjustable resistor (RV) to the far left. Press and release the switch (S2). You should hear the sound of a cat from the speaker (SP). Now adjust the resistor and hear the different sounds. Project #459 Electronic Cat (II) OBJECTIVE: Show variations of project #458. Use the circuit in project #458. Connect the whistle chip (WC) across points A & B. Press and release the the switch (S2).
Project #466 Meter Deflection (II) OBJECTIVE: To build change the direction in which current flows. Compare this circuit to project #358, which has the LED (D1 & D2) positions reversed. This changes the direction that current can flow. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) scale. Press the press switch (S2) and now the meter deflects to the left. Project #467 Automatic Display #1 OBJECTIVE: Construct a light-controlled display. Connect segments B & C to the circuit.
Project #469 Automatic Display #3 Project #470 Automatic Display #4 Project #471 Automatic Display #5 OBJECTIVE: Light the number 3 using a light-controlled display. OBJECTIVE: Light the number 4 using a light-controlled display. OBJECTIVE: Light the number 5 using a light-controlled display. Use the circuit from project #467. Connect A, B, G, C, & D to the circuit. Turn on the switch (S1), the display should be off. Place your hand over the photoresistor (RP), now the number 3 lights.
Project #477 Variable Oscillator OBJECTIVE: To change the tone using the adjustable resistor. Set the adjustable resistor (RV) to the bottom position. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and you should hear sound from the speaker (SP). Adjust the resistor to hear the different sounds. Project #478 Variable Oscillator (II) OBJECTIVE: To change the tone using the adjustable resistor. Use the circuit in project #477. Connect the whistle chip (WC) across points A & B and adjust the resistor (RV).
Project #485 Fixed-Current Path OBJECTIVE: To make a fixed-current path. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) setting. The meter indicates the amount of current in the circuit. Turn on the switch (S1), the needle deflects indicating the amount of current. The 10kΩ resistor limits the current, otherwise the meter could be damaged. Project #486 Simple Illumination Meter OBJECTIVE: To make a simple light meter. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) setting.
Project #487 LED Voltage Drop OBJECTIVE: To measure the voltage drop across diodes. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) setting. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and the LED (D1) lights as the meter deflects to the middle of the scale. The sum of the voltage drop across each components equals the battery voltage. Bypass the LED by pressing the switch (S2). The voltage across the 10kΩ resistor increases, as shown by the meter deflecting more to the right.
Project #489 Hand-control Meter OBJECTIVE: To understand music deflection. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) setting. Instead of driving a speaker (SP) with the music IC (U1), you can see it by using the meter. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and the meter deflects according to the rhythm of music. After the music stops, hold down the press switch (S2) to make it continue. Project #490 Light-control Meter OBJECTIVE: To control the circuit using light. Use the circuit in project #489.
Project #493 Fixed-Voltage Divider OBJECTIVE: To make a simple voltage divider. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) scale. This circuit is a simple voltage divider with parallel load resistors. The voltage across resistors R3 & R4 is the same. The current through both paths are different, due to the resistor values. Since resistor (R3) (5.1kΩ) is half the value of resistor (R4) (10kΩ), twice the current flows through R3. The lights in a house are an example of this type of circuit.
Project #495 Automatic Display Letter “b” OBJECTIVE: To construct a light-controlled display for lower case letters. Connect C, D, E, F & G to the circuit. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and the display should be off. Place your hand over the photoresistor (RP), now the letter “b” lights. Project #496 Automatic Display Letter “c” OBJECTIVE: display. To light the letter “c” using a light-controlled Use the circuit from project #495. Connect E, D, & G to the circuit.
Project #501 Hand-Control Display 1 & 4 OBJECTIVE: Display numbers 1 or 4 using the slide switch. Connect segments B, C, F, & G as shown in the diagram. Turn the slide switch (S1) off and on, the display changes from numbers 1 to 4. Project #502 Hand-Control Display 1 & 0 OBJECTIVE: Display numbers 1 or 0 using the slide switch. Project #503 Hand-Control Display 1 & 7 Connect segments A, B, C, D, E, & F as shown in the diagram.
Project #506 Monitor Capacitor Charging & Discharging OBJECTIVE: View charging and discharging a capacitor. Using the meter (M2), we can monitor the charging and discharging of a capacitor. First turn off the switch (S1). Charging: Connect the meter (M2) to points A & B (positive pole downward). Turn on the switch (S1). The 100µF capacitor (C4) charges and the meter deflects, slowly returning to zero. Project #507 Discharging: Connect the meter to points B & C (positive pole downward).
Project #508 Rhythm Swinging Meter OBJECTIVE: Use the meter with the alarm IC. Set the meter (M2) to the LOW (or 10mA) setting. Connect 3-snap wires to terminals E & F, and C & D. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and the meter swings rhythmically. Project #509 Police Car Sound with Whistle Chip OBJECTIVE: Show variations of project #508. Use the circuit in project #508. Connect the whistle chip (WC) to points G & H. Connect a 3-wire snap to the terminals C & D and turn on the switch (S1).
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