SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:40 PM Page 1 Instruction Manual AGES 8-108 Projects 1 - 93 Project 3 Copyright © 2017 by Elenco® Electronics, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced by any means; electronic, photocopying, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher. 753136 U.S.
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SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:40 PM Page 3 Parts List (Colors and styles may vary) Symbols and Numbers Important: If any parts are missing or damaged, DO NOT RETURN TO RETAILER. Call toll-free (800) 533-2441 or e-mail us at: help@elenco.com. Customer Service ● 150 Carpenter Ave. ● Wheeling, IL 60090 U.S.A. Name r6 2 2-Snap Wire r3 r3 r1 r1 r1 r1 r1 r1 r1 r1 1 3 4 5 6 B3 D6 1-Snap Wire 3-Snap Wire 4-Snap Wire 5-Snap Wire 6-Snap Wire Battery Holder - uses 3 1.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:40 PM Page 4 How to Use Snap Circuits® Snap Circuits® uses building blocks with snaps to build the different electrical and electronic circuits in the projects. Each block has a function: there are switch blocks, light blocks, battery blocks, different length wire blocks, etc. These blocks are different colors and have numbers on them so that you can easily identify them.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:40 PM Page 5 How to Use Snap Circuits® Assembling the build-your-own electromagnet: You need the coil, an iron core rod, a grommet, and the 2-spring socket (?1). Wrap the coil around one of the iron core rods, leaving about 3 inches free at both ends. Place a grommet on the end of the rod to help keep the coil wire from coming off it.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:40 PM Page 6 About Your Snap Circuits® Parts (Part designs are subject to change without notice). BASE GRID The base grid is a platform for mounting parts and wires. It functions like the printed circuit boards used in most electronic products, or like how the walls are used for mounting the electrical wiring in your home. SNAP WIRES & JUMPER WIRES The blue snap wires are wires used to connect components.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:40 PM Page 7 About Your Snap Circuits® Parts METER The meter (M5) is an important measuring device. You will use it to measure the voltage (electrical pressure) and current (how fast electricity is flowing) in a circuit. Inside the meter there is a fixed magnet and a moveable coil around it. As current flows through the coil, it creates a magnetic field. The interaction of the two magnetic fields causes the coil (connected to the pointer) to move (deflect).
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:41 PM Page 8 About Your Snap Circuits® Parts ELECTROMAGNET The electromagnet (M3) is a large coil of wire, which acts like a magnet when electricity flows through it. Placing an iron bar inside increases the magnetic effects. The electromagnet can store electrical energy in a magnetic field. The properties of the electromagnet will be explained in the projects. Note that magnets can erase magnetic media like computer disks.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:41 PM Page 9 About Your Snap Circuits® Parts LED The white LED (D6) is a light emitting diode, and may be thought of as a special one-way light bulb. In the “forward” direction, (indicated by the “arrow” in the symbol) electricity flows if the voltage exceeds a turn-on threshold brightness then increases.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:41 PM Page 10 Introduction to Electricity What is electricity? Nobody really knows. We only know how to produce it, understand its properties, and how to control it. Electricity is the movement of sub-atomic charged particles (called electrons) through a material due to electrical pressure across the material, such as from a battery. There are two ways of arranging parts in a circuit, in series or in parallel.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:41 PM Page 11 DO’s and DON’Ts of Building Circuits After building the circuits given in this booklet, you may wish to experiment on your own. Use the projects in this booklet as a guide, as many important design concepts are introduced throughout them. Every circuit will include a power source (the batteries), a resistance (which might be a lamp, motor, electromagnet, etc.), and wiring paths between them and back.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:41 PM Page 12 Advanced Troubleshooting (Adult supervision recommended) ELENCO® is not responsible for parts damaged due to incorrect wiring. If you suspect you have damaged parts, you can follow this procedure to systematically determine which ones need replacing: 1. White LED (D6), 4.5V lamps (L4), motor (M1), and battery holder (B3): Place batteries in holder. Place each 4.5V lamp directly across the battery holder, it should light.
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SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:41 PM Page 14 Project 1 Placement Level Numbers + Build the circuit shown by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first. Then, assemble parts marked with a 2. Install three (3) “AA” batteries (not included) into the battery holder (B3). Turn on the slide switch (S1); the lamps (L4) and white LED (D6) light. + ! ! -13- Project 2 Build the circuit as shown and place the fan on the motor (M1).
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:41 PM Page 15 Project 3 Electronic Playground 1A ! ! + WARNING: Do not lean over the motor. WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan during operation. Electronics is the science of working with and controlling electricity. This circuit is shown on the front of the Snap Circuits® STEM box, use that picture to help in building it. Build the circuit as shown. Set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting. Place the thin rod in the electromagnet (M3).
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:41 PM Page 16 Project 4 Find some clothes that cling together in the dryer, and try to uncling them. Static Electricity These effects are caused by electricity. We call this static electricity because the electrical charges are not moving, although pulling clothes apart sounds like static on a radio. When electricity is moving (usually through wires) to do something in another place, we call it an electric current.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:41 PM Page 17 Find a comb (or a plastic ruler) and some paper. Rip up the paper into small pieces. Run the comb through your hair several times then hold it near the paper pieces to pick them up. You can also use a pen or plastic ruler, rub it on your clothes (wool works best). Next, hold your magnet near the paper pieces; nothing happens.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:41 PM Page 18 Project 5 1A Light the Way What is really happening here? 1. The batteries (B3) convert chemical energy into electrical energy and “push” it through the circuit, just like the electricity from your power company. A battery pushes electricity through a circuit just like a pump pushes water through a pipe. 2. The snap wires (the blue pieces) carry the electricity around the circuit, just like wires carry electricity around your home.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 19 Project 6 Light Bulbs of the Future Use the preceding circuit but replace the lamp (L4) with the white LED (D6, “+” on top). Turn on the slide switch (S1); the LED lights. LEDs are much more efficient than incandescent light bulbs and last longer. LEDs are also more expensive, but their cost has been declining, so LEDs are increasingly being used for home lighting. LEDs are like one-way, low-current meters.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 20 Project 8 Switches The “on” position of a switch is also called the “closed” position. Similarly, the “off” position is also called the “open” position. This is because the symbol for a slide switch is similar to the symbol for a door in an architect’s drawing of a room: Walls Door 5V Build the circuit, set the meter (M5) to the 5V setting, and initially set the switcher (S6) to the middle position. Turn on each of the switches: A.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 21 1A Project 9 Build the circuit, set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting, and turn on the slide switch (S1). The lamp (L4) lights. What do you think would happen if you push the press switch (S2) for a moment? Try it. What do you think would happen if you pushed the press switch for a while? Try it. You should see the current increase, then drop down after a few seconds.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 22 Project 10 1A Materials Tester If you have the build-your-own electromagnet connected to the two-Spring socket (?1), disconnect its wires for this project. Build the circuit and set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and touch (or connect) various materials between the springs on the two--spring socket See which materials are good at transporting electricity by watching the meter current and lamp (L4) brightness.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 23 Project 11 Make Your Own Parts 1mA You can use Ohm’s Law to measure the resistance of your puddles and drawings. The voltage is about 4.5V, and use the current measured on the meter. Resistance = Voltage Current The black core of pencils is graphite, the same material used in resistor components throughout the electronics industry. Pure water has very high resistance because its atoms hold their electrons tightly and have no room for more.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 24 Project 12 1A Motor Resistance Build the circuit, set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting, and turn on the slide switch (S1). The motor (M1) spins and the meter measures the current. Do this with and without the fan on the motor. The battery voltage is 4.5V, so use your current measurements to determine the motor resistance using Ohm’s Law. Resistance = ! ! WARNING: Do not lean over the motor. WARNING: Moving parts.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 25 Project 14 1A Series Circuit Build the circuit, set the meter to the 1A setting, and turn on the slide switch (S1). The three lamps (L4) are dimly lit, and the meter measures the current. How would the current change if you replaced one of the lamps with a 3-snap wire? (Try it.) How would the current change if you replaced two of the lamps with 3-snap wires? (Try it.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 26 A Project 15 B C 5V How would the voltage change if you replaced one of the lamps with a 3-snap wire? (Try it.) How would the voltage change if you replaced one of the lamps with the white LED (D6, “+” on the right)? (Try it.) D Series Circuit - Voltage This circuit is similar to the preceding one, but measures the voltage instead of the current. Build the circuit, set the meter to the 5V setting, and turn on the slide switch (S1).
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 27 drawing is saved as Many Paths Project 16 Parallel Circuit 1A Build the circuit, set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting, and turn on the slide switch (S1). The lamps (L4) are bright and the meter measures the current. How would the current change if you removed one or two lamps? (Try it.) How would the current change if you replaced one of the lamps with the white LED (D6)? (Try it.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 28 Parallel Circuit - Voltage Project 17 Batteries produce electricity using a chemical reaction, but they have a limited supply of the chemicals, and not all of them can react at once. If the batteries cannot produce as much electricity as a circuit wants, the voltage drops. 5V Build the circuit, set the meter (M5) to the 5V setting, but leave the slide switch (S1) off. The meter measures the voltage on the batteries.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 29 Project 18 B Parallel Swapping C 5V Build the main circuit and set the meter (M5) on the 5V setting. Turn on the slide switch (S1); the lamp (L4) lights and the meter (M5) measures the voltage from the batteries (B3). Part B: move the meter so it’s across location “B” and then location “C”. Measure the voltage at each location, is it the same? Part C: swap the locations of the meter and lamp.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 30 Project 19 Series Swapping Build the main circuit and set the meter (M5) on the 1A setting. Turn on the slide switch (S1); the lamps (L4) light dimly and the meter (M5) measures the current through the circuit. 1A Examples Give some examples of series circuits in your home. -29- Now swap the positions of any of the lamps, 3-snap wires, the slide switch and the meter (the meter should always be placed so it hangs out of the circuit).
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 31 Batteries in Series Project 20 Build the circuit, set the meter (M5) to the 5V setting, and turn on the slide switch (S1). Part A Part A: Read the battery voltage on the meter. If your batteries are new then it should be about 4.5V. Part B: Remove the left battery in the holder (B3) and move the end of the red jumper wire to touch the left spring in the holder. Read the voltage on the meter; measuring 2 batteries.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 32 Project 22 Motor at Different Voltages Use the preceding circuit, but replace the lamp (L4) with the motor (M1, “+” on top), with or without the fan. Compare the motor speed with 3 batteries (Part A), 2 batteries (Part B), or 1 battery (Part C). Try it with the fan and without the fan. Does the motor speed change like the voltage does (are they proportional)? ! WARNING: Do not lean over the motor. ! WARNING: Moving parts.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 33 Project 25 Double Voltage Shifter This project is similar to the preceding one, but uses three lamps. Build the circuit, and set the meter (M5) to the 5V setting. The lamps (L4) are on dimly and the meter measures the voltage across the top lamp. Push the press switch (S2) to turn off the bottom lamp. Turn on the slide switch (S1) to turn off the middle lamp. Disconnect the battery holder when you are finished with this project.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 34 Project 26 Double Switching Ammeter 1A This project is similar to the preceding one, but measures current instead of voltage. Build the circuit, and set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting. The lamps (L4) are on dimly and the meter measures the current through the circuit. Push the press switch (S2) to turn off the bottom lamp. Turn on the slide switch (S1) to turn off the middle lamp. Compare the current with one, two, or all three lamps on.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 35 Project 27 Current Divider 1A Are the currents through circuit branches B, C, and D the same or different? Add up the currents through circuit branches B, C, and D. How does the total compare to the main circuit current (part A)? B C Part B Part C Part D D Part A: Build the main circuit, and set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:42 PM Page 36 Project 28 1A Project 29 Are the three switches connected in series or in parallel? Give an example of an AND circuit in your home. -35- 3 Currents Build the main circuit, and set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting. Push the press switch (S2), turn on the slide switch (S1), or set the switcher to the top position (turning it on). Turn on the switches one at a time and in combinations, comparing the current on the meter.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 37 OR Circuit Project 30 Place the magnet next to the reed switch (S9) to turn it on, push the press switch (S2), and turn on the slide switch (S1) in different combinations while seeing if the lamp (L4) lights. Fill out this table with the results: Are the three switches connected in series or in parallel? Give an example of an OR circuit in your home.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 38 Project 32 5V Part B Light Bulb with Meter This circuit is like the preceding one, but adds a meter so you can compare the voltages across the lamps. Build the circuit, set the meter (M5) to the 5V setting, and turn on the slide switch (S1). The meter measures the voltage across the top lamp, which is bright. Part B: Move the meter so it is across the lower lamps, as shown.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 39 Project 33 2 Direction Motor 1A Build the circuit. Set the switcher (S6) to the middle position (off), set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting, and place the fan on the motor (M1). Now set the switcher to the top position; the motor spins, the lamp (L4) lights, and the meter measures the current. Set the switcher back to the middle position to turn off the circuit. The switcher’s connections look like this: Study the circuit.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 40 3-Speed Motor Project 34 1A Build the circuit, set the switcher (S6) to the middle position (off), set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting, and leave the fan off the motor (M1). Push switch (S2); the motor spins, and the meter measures the current. Turn on the slide switch (S1) or set the switcher to the left position to adjust the motor speed. You may need to give the motor a push to get it started, but do not touch it while it is spinning.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 41 3-Speed Motor - Voltage Project 35 5V + This circuit is just like the preceding one, except the meter measures the voltage instead of the current. Build the circuit, set the switcher (S6) to the middle position (off), set the meter (M5) to the 5V setting, and leave the fan off the motor (M1). Push switch (S2); the motor spins, and the meter measures the voltage.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 42 4-Speed Motor Project 37 Build the circuit, set the switcher (S6) to the middle position (off), set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting, and place the fan on the motor (M1). First, set the switcher to the left position to start the motor. Then turn on the slide switch (S1) to increase the speed. Then push the press switch (S2) to increase the speed again.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 43 Project 39 + 1A Remove the fan from the motor and compare the current. Why is it higher or lower? Big Load - Voltage + Use the preceding circuit but replace the meter (M5) with a 3-snap wire, then set the meter to the 5V setting and place it across the battery holder, as shown. With all the switches off, the meter measures the battery voltage.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 44 Holding Down Project 41 + Build the circuit. Set the meter (M5) to the 5V scale, place the fan on the motor (M1), and drop the thin rod into the electromagnet (M3). Turn on the slide switch (S1). The fan spins, the lamps (L4) light, and the meter measures the voltage. Nothing happens to the thin rod. Notice that the voltage is much lower then the normal 4.5V; the motor and lamps are overloading the batteries (B3), so the voltage drops.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 45 Project 42 Propellor and Fan + Build the circuit as shown, and set the switcher (S6) to the middle position at first, then set it to the bottom position to spin the fan. The fan blades suck in air around the motor (M1) and push it straight up. Hold a sheet of paper above the motor, it will get pushed up and away from the fan. Flip the switcher to the top position now.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 46 Project 43 5V ! Build the circuit, set the meter (M5) to the 5V scale, and turn on the slide switch (S1). The meter measures the voltage across the white LED (D6) and motor (M1). Notice how fast the fan spins, and how bright the lights are. The lamps (L4) may be off. + WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan during operation. Project 44 5V Motor & Lights Remove one lamp and compare the motor speed and brightness of the lights.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 47 Compass Project 45 1 2 Refrigerator Door All materials have tiny particles with electric charges, but these are so well balanced that you do not notice them unless an outside voltage disturbs them. The same tiny particles also have magnetic charges, which are usually so well balanced that you do not notice them unless a magnetic field disturbs them. Magnets are materials that concentrate their magnetic charges at opposite ends.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 48 Project 46 1 Magnetic Fields 1. There is an area around a magnet where it can affect other objects, called a magnetic field. It is strongest at the ends of the magnet. 2. Slowly move your compass around the magnet and watch its pointer to see the magnetic field. 3. Shake the iron filings pack to spread the filings evenly. Move the magnet over the filings and you can see the magnetic field in them. 4. Loop two paper clips together.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 49 Project 47 Iron Core Rod Rubber Grommet Electronic Magnet Build the circuit shown. Place the iron core rod inside the electromagnet (M3) and secure it with the rubber grommet. This project works best if you have new alkaline batteries. Hold the electromagnet near something made of iron and push the switch (S2). While pressed, the electromagnet will attract small metal parts like nails or will stick to a hammer or refrigerator.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 50 Project 48 Electromagnet Magnetic Field Iron Core Rod Rubber Grommet 2 3 1 The compass needle maypoint opposite to how it’s shown here, depending on how you connected the jumper wires. 4 1. Use the circuit from the preceding project, with the iron core rod in the electromagnet (M3). An electronic magnet has a magnetic field just like an ordinary magnet. Hold your compass next to the electromagnet and push the press switch (S2).
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:43 PM Page 51 Project 49 Note: the magnet poles may be opposite of how it’s shown here, depending on how you connected the electromagnet (M3). Electromagnet Tower Build the circuit as shown and drop the thin rod into the electromagnet (M3). Push the press switch (S2) several times. The thin rod gets sucked into the electromagnet and can be suspended there, or you can bounce it up and down.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 52 Project 50 1A Electromagnet Direction Build the circuit shown. Place the iron core rod in the electromagnet (M3), and set the meter (M5) to the 1A scale. Set the switcher (S6) to the top or bottom position. The meter shows a current is flowing and the compass needle is attracted to the electromagnet. Now set the switcher to the opposite side (left or right).
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 53 Project 52 Better Wire Magnet FOR ADVANCED USERS - ADULT SUPERVISION RECOMMENDED Build the circuit. Place the rubber grommet on one end of the iron core rod and wrap the red jumper wire tightly around it, as shown. Connect the red jumper wire to the circuit. Turn on the slide switch (S1) and set the switcher (S6) to the top or bottom position.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 54 Project 53 Build-Your-Own Electromagnet The wire magnet in the preceding circuit is not very powerful because it only has a few loops of wire, but you can make a better one. Assemble the build-your-own electromagnet (the thin wire wrapped around an iron core rod, with the ends connected to the 2-spring socket (?1)) using the instructions on page 5. Connect the build-your-own electromagnet to the preceding circuit as shown here.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 55 Magnetic Induction Project 55 Build the circuit as shown. Place the iron core rod into the electromagnet (M3) and set the meter (M5) to the 1mA scale. 1mA A A. Move the magnet left-right or up-down near the electromagnet. You may see the meter pointer wiggle, which indicates a small current. B Project 56 B. Place the magnet on the iron core rod and use it to move the rod up and down IN the electromagnet.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 56 Project 57 Electromagnet Challenge Assemble the build-your-own electromagnet (the thin wire wrapped around an iron core rod, with the ends connected to the 2-spring socket (?1)) using the instructions on page 5. Build the circuit, place the iron core rod in the electromagnet (M3).
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 57 Generator Project 59 1A or SET THE SWITCHER (S6) TO THE MIDDLE POSITION BEFORE COMPLETING THE CIRCUIT. Build the circuit as shown, leave the fan off the motor (M1). Set the meter (M5) to the 5V scale for now. + Set the switcher to the right position to get the motor spinning, then set it to the left position and watch the meter to see how much voltage is produced.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 58 + ! Project 61 WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan during operation. Motor with Flashes Build the circuit shown and watch the white LED (D6) as you push and release the press switch (S2). Notice that even though the LED is connected backwards, it is flashing dimly while the fan is spinning, and then flashes brightly when you release the press switch.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 59 1 3 Project 63 High Speed Generator FOR ADVANCED USERS - ADULT SUPERVISION RECOMMENDED 2 1mA + 4 Project 64 Build the circuit and set the meter (M5) to the 1mA scale. Using the string, make a small loop at one end and put it on a prong of the motor (M1) top. Wind a few feet of the string around the motor shaft (wind it so that pulling the string will spin the motor shaft clockwise).
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 60 Project 65 Relay Magnetic Energy Released Build the circuit, then push and release the press switch (S2) while watching the white LED (D6). The relay (S3) has a coil with a magnetic field, just like the electromagnet (M3). The lamp does not have a coil or a magnetic field. so the white LED will not light with the lamp in the circuit. Replace the relay (S3) with the lamp (L4).
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 61 Project 67 Reed Switch with Electromagnet Build the circuit as shown, and turn on the slide switch (S1). The electromagnet (M3) should be activating the reed switch (S9), which turns on the white LED (D6). Raise the iron core rod in the electromagnet (or remove the rod) to turn off the LED.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 62 Project 69 Relay Relays are electronically controlled switches, which allow a low-voltage circuit to control a high-voltage or high-current circuit. Relays use magnetism to open or close a mechanical switch. Look at the relay symbol in the drawing. The relay contains a coil, and a set of contacts that are switched when the coil is activated. Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch (S1); the lamp (L4) is on.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 63 Project 70 A B C Relay Buzzer The sound is caused by the relay’s contacts opening and closing at a fast rate. Look at the “1-2-3” marking on the relay symbol in the drawing. What’s happening is this: when the switch is turned on, current flows through the relay’s coil, causing contact 1 to disconnect from contact 2 and connect to contact 3.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:44 PM Page 64 Project 72 Alternating Voltage Build the circuit as shown (leave the fan off the motor), and turn on the slide switch (S1); you hear a buzzing sound as the relay (S3) turns on and off rapidly. Set the switcher (S6) to the top or bottom position to turn on the motor (M1) and white LED (D6). The electricity supplied to your home and school by your local electric company is not a constant voltage like that from a battery.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 65 Project 74 Transformer Build the circuit as shown. Assemble the build-your-own electromagnet as per the instructions on page 5. Push the wire on the build-your-own electromagnet to one side and insert its iron rod into the top of the electromagnet (M3), as shown. Set the meter (M5) to the 1mA setting. Push the press switch (S2) and hold it down for a few seconds; the relay (S3) makes a buzzing sound as its contacts open and close quickly.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 66 Project 75 Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch (S1). Nothing happens. Now push the press switch (S2). The lamp (L4) comes on and stays on even after you release the press switch (the circuit “remembers” that you pushed the press switch). Turn off the slide switch to turn off the lamp.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 67 Project 77 Note spring direction of 1-snap Build Your Own Relay FOR ADVANCED USERS - ADULT SUPERVISION RECOMMENDED Build the circuit shown. Three 3-snaps are stacked together at base grid location E4-E6. Snap the 4-snap onto the 1snap at grid location D2, then place it so it lays on the snap at F4 (DO NOT SNAP IT ON). Place the nut-snap on the 4snap so it will be under the electromagnet (M3). This circuit works best with new alkaline batteries.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 68 Project 78 Build Your Own Buzzer FOR ADVANCED USERS ADULT SUPERVISION RECOMMENDED Build the circuit shown. At base grid location B6-B8, 3-snaps are on levels 1, 3 and 4. Snap the 4-snap onto the 1-snap at A4, then place it so it lays on the snap at C6 (DO NOT SNAP IT ON). Snap the nut-snap on the 4-snap so it will be under the electromagnet (M3). This circuit works best with new alkaline batteries.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 69 1mA Project 80 Set the meter (M5) to the 1mA scale and connect the jumper wires to it. Connect the other ends of the jumper wires to the snap electrodes (red to copper), and place them in a cup of cola soda. Read the current on the meter. You may switch the meter to the 5V scale to also measure the voltage produced, but the voltage may be too small to measure accurately with a simple meter like M5.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 70 Project 82 1mA Water Impurity Detector Set the meter (M5) to the 1mA scale and connect the jumper wires to it. Connect the other ends of the jumper wires to the snap electrodes (red to copper), and place them in a cup of water. Read the current on the meter, if it is zero then your water is relatively free of impurities. Having impurities does not mean your water is unsafe to drink.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 71 Project 83 Swing the Magnet Build the circuit shown and place the iron core rod in the electromagnet (M3). Tie the magnet to a string and hold it just above the electromagnet, so that the magnet is attracted to the iron core rod without touching it. Flip the switcher (S6) back and forth between its top and bottom positions to reverse the electromagnet’s magnetic field; the magnet flip around each time.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 72 Project 85 Morse Code This simple circuit can be used for communication. Push the press switch (S2) in long and short bursts to make a pattern of light flashes representing the dots and dashes shown in the Morse Code table shown. You can use Morse Code and this circuit to send secret messages to some friends in the room without others knowing what you’re saying.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 73 Project 86 + Hypnotic Discs Part A Build the circuit as shown. Cut out the red spiral pattern shown and tape it on the fan. Spin the pattern by briefly pushing the press switch (S2). You will see the most interesting effects when the pattern is spinning slowly. Part B Replace the pattern with the colored lines pattern shown. When the switch is pressed, the arcs turn into colored rings with a black background.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 74 Project 87 Spin Draw Use the preceding circuit. Using the fan as a guide, draw a circle on a piece of cardboard or paper. Cut the circle out with scissors and tape it to the fan blade so it can be easily removed later. Obtain some thin and thick marking pens to use as drawing tools. Spin the paper by pressing and holding the press switch (S2) down. Gently press the marker on the paper to form rings.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 75 Project 88 2-Way Circuit Build the circuit, set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting, place the iron core rod in the electromagnet (M3), and place the fan on the motor (M1). Set the switcher (S6) to the left or right to make electricity flow through the lights, motor, and electromagnet in opposite directions. The compass measures the magnetic field from the electromagnet and the meter measures the current from the batteries.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 76 Project 90 Electromagnetic Controlled Switch Build the circuit, place the iron core rod in the electromagnet (M3), and turn on the slide switch (S1). Use the red & black jumper wires to hold the reed switch (S9) over the electromagnet to turn on the lamp (L4). You can also activate the reed switch by holding the magnet close to it.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 77 Project 92 Magnetic Switcher Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch (S1); the lamp (L4) should be on. Hold the magnet near the reed switch (S9) to activate the relay (S3), which turns the white LED (D6) on and the lamp off. Project 93 1A Circuits Fun Build the circuit as shown, set the meter (M5) to the 1A setting, and place the magnet as shown. Turn on the slide switch (S1); the white LED (D6) lights and the meter measures the current.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:45 PM Page 78 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1. Electric current is the movement of subatomic charged particles through a material due to electrical pressure across the material. TRUE or FALSE? 2. Voltage is a measure of the electrical pressure to push electric current through a circuit. TRUE or FALSE? 3. Voltage is measured in watts. TRUE or FALSE? 4. An advantage of electricity is that it makes it easier to transport energy over distances. TRUE or FALSE? 5.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:46 PM Page 79 Other Snap Circuits® Products! For a listing of local toy retailers who carry Snap Circuits® visit www.elenco.com or call us toll-free at 800-533-2441. For Snap Circuits® accessories, additional parts, and more information about your parts visit www.snapcircuits.net. Model SC-SNAPINO with over 20 projects Snapino is an introduction to the open source Arduino HardwareSoftware environment.
SC_STEM1_manual_PRINT.qxp_Layout 1 7/13/17 4:46 PM Page 80 SC-STEM1 SELECT Block Layout Important: If any parts are missing or damaged, DO NOT RETURN TO RETAILER. Call toll-free (800) 533-2441 or e-mail us at: help@elenco.com. Customer Service ● 150 Carpenter Ave. Wheeling, IL 60090 U.S.A. Note: A complete parts list is on page 2 in this manual.
