Specifications

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)
the Southbridge chip. The Southbridge is the HUB that connects to slower I/O buses
(for example, An ISA bus) to the system bus.
The Northbridge and the Southbridge are known as the chipset on the motherboard.
These set of chips collectively control the memory cache, external bus, and some
peripherals. There is a fast end of the hub, and there is a slow end of the hub. The fast
end of the hub is the Northbridge, containing the graphics and memory controller
connecting to the system bus. The slower end of the hub is the Southbridge, containing
the I/O controller hub.
Note : more point can be added
OverView and Features of PCI , PCI-X and PCI-E AGP
http://en.kioskea.net/contents/403-pci-bus
Q.What is PCI and States its History
Ans. Short for Peripheral Component Interconnect, PCI was introduced by Intel in
1992, revised in 1993 to version 2.0, and later revised in 1995 to PCI 2.1 and is as an
expansion to the ISA bus. The PCI bus is a 32-bit (133MBps) computer bus that is also
available as a 64-bit bus and was the most commonly found and used computer bus in
computers during the late 1990's and early 2000's. Unlike, ISA and earlier expansion
cards, PCI follows the PnP specification and therefore does not require any type of
jumpers or dip switches. Below is an example of what the PCI slot looks like on a
motherboard.
Conventional PCI (PCI is from Peripheral Component Interconnect, part of the PCI
Local Bus standard), often shortened to just PCI, is a local computer bus for attaching
hardware devices in a computer. The PCI bus supports the functions found on a
processor bus, but in a standardized format that is independent of any particular
processor; devices connected to the PCI bus appear to the processor to be connected
directly to the processor bus, and are assigned addresses in the processor's address
space
The first version of conventional PCI found in consumer desktop computers was a 32-
bit bus operating at 33 Mhz and 5 V signaling, although the PCI 1.0 standard provided
for a 64-bit variant as well. Version 2.0 of the PCI standard introduced 3.3 V slots,
which are physically distinguished by a flipped physical connector (relative to their 5 V
predecessors) to preventing accidental insertion of older cards. Universal cards, which
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