Specifications

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)

Q.How It Is Stored on a Computer

• Traditional BIOS firmware is included on a computer motherboard as Read

Only Memory (ROM). This means that the system is accessible but is not

dynamically written to the way that a computer's hard drive is during

operation. A battery on the motherboard keeps the data on it intact, even when

the computer is turned off while not in use. Although sometimes confused with

a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS), the BIOS refers to the

firmware on the motherboard while the CMOS is the physical location where

the date and system configuration data are stored.

• Many PC manufacturers today use flash-memory to hold this system, which

allows users to more easily update it on computers. This can solve problems

with the original BIOS or add new functionality to it. Users can periodically

check for new versions, as some vendors release numerous updates over the

course of a product's lifetime. To find an update, users should check the

manufacturer of their motherboard. These updates should be done carefully,

however, as incorrect versions or corrupted software can make a computer

impossible to start up.

How Configuring and Controlling the BIOS is done

• PC users can make certain adjustments to the system through a configuration

screen on the computer. The setup screen is typically accessed with a special

key sequence during the first moments of startup, often "Delete" or a Function

key. This setup screen allows users to change the order in which drives are

accessed during startup, monitor computer component temperatures, and

control the functionality of a number of devices. Most computer users never

need to access these systems on their computer, though many fixes to simple

errors can require adjustments.

Motherboard Selection Criteria

There are a wide variety of motherboards available today. When selecting a new mobo

for your homebuilt computer, many things have to be taken into consideration,

including:

• Form Factor. The form factor is a set of standards that include the size and shape

of the board, the arrangement of the mounting holes, the power interface, and

Prepared By – Prof. Manoj.kavedia (9860174297 – 9324258878 ) (www.kavediasir.yolasite.com)