KEEN-2530 25MHz 286™ SYSTEM U ser’s Manual
KEEN-2530 Personal Computer User’s Manual Edition 1.2 The following does not apply to any country where such provisions are inconsistent with local law: We make no warranties with respect to this documentation either express or implied and provides it “as is”. This includes but is not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
Warning Reconfiguring • To keep the computer from being damaged, NEVER reconfigure the board while the power is ON. • If you wish to reconfigure the computer at any time, ensure that the power is turned OFF before changing any hardware settings, such as DIP switches or jumpers.
Contents Chapter 1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1-2 Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 80386 CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Math Coprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Expansion Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 RAM Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ROM Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 3 Operating Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3-1 An Introduction to DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loading DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3-2 DOS Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Starting MS-DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Formatting Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 4 Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4-1 Keyboard Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4-2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Function Keys . . . Numeric Keypad . . Mode lndicator Lights Special Keys . . . . QWERTY Keys . . . Cursor Keys . . . . Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 6 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-l Installing Disk Drives 1 . 2 2 4 5 6 7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing 5.25 Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing 3.5" Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecting Cables to Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecting Cables to Floppy Disk Drives Connecting Cables to Hard disks .
List of Figures Chapter 1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Figure 1-1 : Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Figure 1-2: System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Figure 1-3: System Unit Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Figure 1-4: Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Figure 1-5: Keyboard lock and Two Security-Lock Keys . . . . . . . 9 Figure 1-6: Power Switch . .
Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Figure 2-1 : PEM-2530 Motherboard Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Figure 2-2: Installing 80387 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Figure 2-3: Installing WTL3167-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Figure 2-4: Expansion Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Figure 2-5: Jumper J1 Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 4 Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Figure 4-1: Keyboard Layout . . . . . . . Figure 4-2: Function Keys . . . . . . . . . Figure 4-3: Numeric Keypad . . . . . . . . Figure 4-4: Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . Figure 4-5: Special Keys . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4-6: QWERTY Keys . . . . . . . . Figure 4-7: Cursor Keys . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4-8: Adjustment of Keyboard Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Tables Chapter 1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Table 1-1 : Power Cord Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Table 1-2: Floppy Disk Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Table 2-1 : Jumper W7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Table 2-2: Jumper W2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 6 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Table 6-1: Jumper W1 and Switch SW1 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Table 6-2: Jumper W2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 Table 6-3: Jumper W3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6-4: Jumper W4 Table 6-5: Jumpers W1 W3 Settings (PEI-306) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Table 6-6: DRAM Chip Speed . . . . . . . .
About This Manual What’s Inside Here’s what you’ll find in this manual: Chapter 1 — “System Overview”, gets you acquainted with the basic concepts of your system. Chapter 2 — Setting Up Your System”, shows you how to install or upgrade your system. Chapter 3 — “Operating Your System”, shows you the basics of the MS-DOS functions and the system setup program. Chapter 4 — “Keyboard”, explains the keyboard’s features, layout and basic functions.
How to Use this Manual For the advanced user If you are an experienced PC user and do not want to upgrade your system now and you want to start using your personal computer as soon as possible, refer to the Quick Start section at the beginning of chapter one. Quick Startwill provide you all the information you need to set up the hardware. For the beginner Chapter 1 gives you the basic information you need to use this system.
System Overview Chapter
System Overview This chapter covers: ■ ■ ■ the basics of your system ■ how to maintain your computer the system’s features and specifications control panel features and connectors outside of the case If you are an experienced user who wants to get to work as soon as beginnin provides you all the information you need to set up the hardware. possible, the Quick Start section at the beginning of this chapter you want to upgrade your hardware later, read chapter 2, INSTAL- LATION.
1-1 Introduction This manual will guide you through the setup of your computer and provide the information necessary to tailor the system to fit your needs. If you are a novice, you will be able to have your computer up and running with a minimum of fuss. You will also gain valuable hands-on experience by following the easy step-by-step instructions. If you are an advanced user, you will appreciate the affordable power of this system.
1-2 Quick Start If you are an experienced user anxious to stat-t using your computer, observe the figure below to set up your personal computer. You will still want to use this manual later as a reference book. Note: Save all packing materials in case you need to ship or resell your computer in the future.
1-3 Features A brief description of your system is given below: • Intel 80386-25 microprocessor with 80387-25 or Weitek WTL3167-25 coprocessors optional. • Dual speeds of 12.5 and 25MHz, switchable by either software or hardware switches. • A maximum 16MB 32-bit DRAM subsystem — four SIP RAM modules onboard and a PEI-306 local 32-bit memory card • Base memory of 640KB and maximum extended memory of 15232KB.
1-4 Specifications CPU — Intel 80386 microprocessor, 25MHz RAM -RAM subsystem of 1MB, 2MB, 4MB and 8MB optional Maximum: 16MB with the PEI-306 RAM Card ROM — 64 or 128KB legal BIOS Expansion slots — One 32-bit, five 16-bit, two 8-bit Disk Drive(s) —Three 5.25” disk drive bays Two 3.
1-5 Example of a System Configuration The basic system is pictured below. You may choose peripherals and upgrades for the system as your needs require. Even if your system is different from the one pictured, it should operate in the same basic manner.
1-6 System Unit The system unit may house a motherboard, disk drives, a power supply and other optional expansion cards.
1-7 Control Panel The control panel provides several useful functions which are explained below. You are likely to use the front panel frequently, so let’s start there. Figure 14: Front Panel Reset Button The reset button allows you to restart the system without turning the power off. If you encounter any problems while using unfamiliar software, you can always restart quickly from the RAM test stage by pressing the reset button. Note, however, that any data which have not been saved to disk will be lost.
Keyboard Lock The keyboard lock enables or disables the keyboard. In the unlock mode the keyboard is activated. In the lock mode, the keyboard is disabled to deny unauthorized user’s access to the computer. Keys for keylock Figure 1-5: 1Keyboard lock and Two Security-Lock Keys System Power Switch The system power switch is located on the right side of the case toward the rear. You should always be certain that the power is turned off before modifying the hardware configuration in any way.
1-8 Rear Panel The rear panel has all the connections that lead from the system unit to external peripherals and the power source. Turn off all power switches before connecting or disconnecting cables/wires! Ensure that cables/wires are attached to the external device first and connected to the outlet unit later. Turn the system unit power switch off before you plug the power cable into an electrical outlet.
Keyboard Connector The keyboard supplied with your system can be plugged into sockets at back of the case. Plug the keyboard cable into the socket as shown below.
Power Cord Connector The power supply has two receptacles: one supplies power to a monitor; the other connects to the main power source. Yet, if your monitor power plug does not fit the system unit’s monitor power outlet, you should plug it into a wall electrical outlet.
Display Port You will also need to connect your monitor to the system unit at a female display port in one of the expansion slots as shown on the previous page. To attach the monitor cable to the video port, plug the cable into the port and screw the cable connector down securely. ‘four computer gives you a wide range of video options to meet your needs. You have a wide choice of the following video standards.
Power Voltage Setting Your system can be used with either a 115 or 230-volt power source. You can choose the appropriate setting with the switch located above the monitor power receptacle. The switch slides back and forth to show which setting is being used Figure 1-11: Voltage Switch Power Cord Specification When you are using the PC in American areas, switch the voltage selector switch to 115V and if you are in European countries, switch to 23OV.
1-9 Other Peripherals To connect other peripherals (printers, modems, etc.) determine which ports are to be used by referring to your expansion card manuals or peripheral manuals. You may consult your dealer for more about the expansion cards available for your system. Typical peripherals are shown in Figure 1-12.
1-10 Disk Drives You can install up to three 5.25” and two 3.5” disk drives in the system unit. More information about how to install disk drives may be found in Chapter 6.
Floppy Disks With a floppy disk drive you can format and use double-sided (or single-sided) double-density (or high-density) floppy disks. One double-sided double-density 5.25” floppy disk can store up to 360KB of data. One double-sided high-density 5.25” floppy disk can store up to 1.2MB of data. One standard 3.5’ floppy disk can store up to 72OKB of data. One high-density 3.5” floppy disk can store up to 1.44MB of data.
Copy Protection A tab on the 3.5” diskette is used for protection of data. This is a mechanical method of protecting the disk from additions, deletions and alterations of existing data. The figure below shows a diskette with the write protect tab. To enable write protection, slide the tab toward the outermost position so that you can see through the write protect hole. To disable write protection, slide the tab in the opposite direction so that the hole is covered.
Hard Disks Your system is very powerful and versatile. To make full use of all its capabilities, it is best to use a hard disk. A hard disk can raise your efficiency because the hard disk keeps programs and data available at your fingertips. Moreover, your system gives you a wide range of half-high or full-high hard disk(s) of 3.5" or 5.25" to meet your needs.
1-11 Keyboard Your keyboard has a set of function keys, cursor keys and a numeric keypad. The figure below shows a typical keyboard. Refer to Chapter 4 for a more detailed description of the keyboard.
1-12 Maintaining Your Equipment Read and follow carefully all the instructions and warnings in this manual and on these products! Only use a damp cloth to clean your system unit and monitor case. Do not use detergents! Position your system unit, monitor and cables/wires away from direct sunlight, moisture, dust, oil, and thoroughfares. Do not submit your equipment to harsh jarring. Ensure that all ventilation outlets are always free from obstruction.
Setting Up Your System
Setting Up Your System In this chapter you will learn about: ■ ■ how to assemble a knocked-down system how to upgrade your system Setting up a system is easy and takes only a short time. If your dealer has set up your system for you, you can skip this chapter. With the system setup you are now ready to load your application software and begin to work. This chapter covers topics you are less likely to need to know right away.
2-1 PEM-2530 Motherboard Your motherboard contains an Intel® 80386-25 microprocessor, a math coprocessor socket, BIOS chips and expansion slots. The figure below will familiarize you with the layout of the PEM-2530 Mainboard.
80386 CPU The PEM-2530 uses an Intel Corporation 80386-25 microprocessor running at 25MHz. The 80386 has a number of features enabling a substantial leap in processing power and capability over the 80286standard microprocessor used in AT-type microcomputers. Aside from being able to execute 80286 programs more quickly, the 80386 is capable of concurrent processing, hardware-based multitasking, the creation of 8086 “virtual machines” and superior extended-memory support.
Math Coprocessor An optional Intel 80387-25 or the daughter board Weitek WTL3167-25 coprocessor can be installed on the PEM-2530 to accelerate processing of calculation-intensive applications. The empty square socket for the coprocessor is located on the left side of the mainboard beside the two BIOS chips. Note that there are three rows in the pin socket. Use the two internal rows to install the Intel 80387-25 coprocessor.
Figure 2-2: Installing 80387 Figure 2-3: Installing WTL3 167-25 Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System 5
Expansion Bus The PEM-2530 has one 32-bit, five 16-bit and two 8-bit slots. To ensure complete compatibility with all types of memory expansion cards, the bus clock is wait-state selectable for either 8 or 16-bit I/O interfaces. The long 32-bit slot is for 32-bit memory expansion card using SIMMtype DRAM. Jumper W2 is used to set the wait states for 16-bit slots and jumper W3 is for 8-bit memory expansion cards running at 8MHz. Refer to the tables below for the appropriate jumper settings.
RAM Subsystem One PEI-306 RAM Card can be installed in the 32-bit slot as shown below. The RAM card utilizes local-access technology to achieve the highest performance. Note that the upper limit for local memory is 16MB. For more detailed information, refer to the PEI-306 user’s manual and the PEI-306 section in Chapter 6. Figure 24: Expansion Slots ROM Installation To install the ROM chips, refer to the table below for jumper setting.
Jumper Settings for Connectors Following is a brief explanation of the various functions of a control panel that the PEM-2530 supports and some of the jumpers which may be connected: Keyboard Lock (Jumper J1) Jumper J1 is used to enable the use of the keyboard and the power LED. The keyboard lock is used to enable or disable the keyboard. By disabling the keyboard, you can ensure that anyone who does not have a key will be unable to use the computer. Unlocking the keylock enables the keyboard.
Turbo LED (Jumper WS) Jumper W5 is used to connect a Turbo LED. You may connect either pins one and two or two and three. The Turbo LED in the hardware switch indicates operation in the Turbo mode. Jumper W5 Pinouts Figure 2-7: Jumper W5 Pinouts Turbo Switch (Jumper W4) The Turbo switch allows you to toggle the speed of the microprocessor between 125MHz and 25MHz.
Speaker Connector (Jumper J3) Jumper J3 is used to connect a speaker. When the four pins are in a closed circuit, the speaker is functional. Refer to the figure below for the pinouts of jumper J3. Jumper J3 Pinouts Figure 2-8: Jumper J3 Pinouts Video Selection (Jumper W6) Jumper W6 is used to select display mode. Refer to the figure for the settings.
Shadow RAM For higher performance, the PEM-2530 has two shadow RAM functions. We have released DTK and Phoenix (under the authorization of Phoenix) BIOS, and one program on a diskette for your convenience. Shadow RAM is one of the advanced features of the PEM-2530. Your BIOS or diskette will support the following: • A 64KB DRAM space allocated for BIOS shadow RAM • A 64KB DRAM space allocated for video shadow RAM BIOS and video addresses are allocated for shadow RAM. Both sections are 64KB in size.
If you use DTK or Phoenix BIOS with shadow RAM, you can enable or disable these two shadow RAM functions through your BIOS setup. Refer to the system setup manual for more information. Table 2-7: Shadow RAM Control Ports If your BIOS does not support shadow RAM, and you may use the program resident in the diskette included with this mainboard to set up the shadow RAM driver. To install shadow RAM program, follow the setps below: • Insert the diskette into drive A and enter a:.
Onboard System Memory Size The PEMT2630 mainboard can accommodate up to 8MB DRAM onboard of module RAM (41256,44256 end 411000 types). If necessary, the PEI-306 RAM Board can increase system memory to a total of 16MB. The PEM-2630 has a 30-pin single-in-line socket for SIP module RAM. Remember that when module RAM is inserted into the sockets, you must make sure that pin 1 of a module is lined up with pin 1 of its socket. Remove any static charge from your body before touching the module.
Switch DIP switch- SW1 on the mainboard is shown below in side and top Side View Top View Figure 2-12: Dip Switch SW1 Memory Size Four types of module RAM can be installed on the PEM-2530 mainboard. SW1 -1 and SW1 -2 are use to select onboard DRAM type. See the tables below and the figures on the following pages. * DTK supports this kind of module RAM. There are two banks of 44256 type DRAM mounted on each RAM module.
Restrictions You should observe the specifications below: Ž 411000 and 44256 CMOS RAM modules with 80ns access time. Ž 41256 NMOS RMA modules with 60ns access time. Ž All module RAM must be page mode or page/static column mode type. The following are some recommended RAM modules.
1 MB Total Onboard Memory Figure 2-13: 1 MB Total Onboard Memory 16 Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
2MB Total Onboard Memory Figure 2-14: 2MB Total Onboard Memory Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System 17
4MB Total Onboard Memory Figure 2-15: 4MB Total Onboard Memory 18 Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
8MB Total Onboard Memory Solder Side Component Side Figure 2-16: 8MB Total Onboard Memory Note that 1 Mbit x36 type RAM module are to be inerted back to back. Make sure pin one of the RAM module printed circuit board is lined up with pin one of the socket. The illustration below shows the top view after two RAM modules have been inserted and the support post is used to tie up two RMA modules.
32-bit Local Memory Size Switches 3 and 4 of SW1 are used to select local memory size (total onboard 32-bit memory plus the 32-bit memory on the PEI-306). Note that the settings are for 32-bit memory sizes less than or equal to the memory sizes indicated in the table. Table 2-9: Switch Settings for Different 32-bit Local Memory Sizes To add a 16-bit RAM Board in the AT slot, your total 32-bit memory must equal exactly either 2MB, 4MB or 8MB.
Starting Address Refer to the followinn tables to find corresponding starting addresses for an AT-bus RAM card and a PEI-306 RAM card: Table 2-10: Starting Address of AT- Bus RAM Card The 32-bit local memory is four pieces of onboard SIP-type DRAM plus a PEI-306 RAM card which is provided by DTK. Table 2-11: Starting Address of PEI-306 RAM Card * DTK sells PEI-306 RAM Card. **These are standard RAM modules and has one bank DRAM mounting on the RAM module.
Factory Default Settings Because of the large number of jumpers and options on the PEM-2530 board, you are advised to start with the factory default settings and to make experimental modifications from that point. The following table shows the factory default settings.
2-2 Installation The time may come when you want to upgrade your system. To do so, you may need to remove the cover of the unit. This is easily accomplished with the following tools: a small flat-blade screwdriver and a small Philips screwdriver. Be sure that the power to the system is switched OFF before you open the case.
Connection to Power Supply If you are installing the PEM-2530 yourself, the final step is attaching the power supply cable to the mainboard at connector CON7. On the left side of the power supply are some cables. Find the two six-pin plastic connectors (the four-pin connectors are for the disk drives). Refer to the figure below. Pin 1 is numbered in the picture for your convenience. Be sure that the four black wires of the power supply are located at the middle of the power connectors.
Choosing a Power Supply A 200W power supply is installed in your system. But, if you need to purchase a power supply in a later time, the following information will be of interest. The power supply provides a “power-good” signal to indicate proper operation of the power supply. The power-good signal is a TTL-compatible high level for normal operation or a low level for fault conditions. If the power-good signal works well, the system will function properly.
2-3 Entering 25MHz Turbo Mode The PEM-2530 supports both a software and hardware switch to toggle between 12.5MHz and 25MHz (Turbo) modes. The two switches are set up using jumper W4 and are mutually exclusive. You must choose which one you prefer if you are setting up the board yourself.
Operating Your System Chapter
Operating Your System In this chapter you will learn: ■ a few MS-DOS functions ■ the basics of the system setup program The software that your system will use falls into two categories. First there is the operating system, the language that tells the system what to do. The operating system in this computer uses is Microsoft Corporation’s MS-DOS, the worlds most widely used operating system for PC/XT/ATs. Next, there is the application software what you use for work and play.
3-1 An Introduction to DOS DOS stands for Disk Operating System. This is a set of commands used to control the operations of a computer and its peripheral components. DOS makes it easy for you to use applications and create and manage files on your computer. DOS also lets you use devices with the computer. Loading DOS Loading DOS means to copy all the DOS programs into the computer’s electronic memory. You should follow the instructions below to start DOS.
3-2 DOS Operations Following is a brief explanation of a few DOS functions. If you want a detailed explanation of all the DOS commands, refer to your DOS user manual. Starting MS-DOS If you are using a hard disk with DOS already installed, the computer will “boot” or start itself. If you are using a floppy disk drive, insert the DOS system disk in drive “A” and switch on your computer.
Formatting Disks You must format a floppy disk before it can be used. Formatting high-density disk: To format a high-density disk, type the following at the drive prompt: C>Format A: After your disk has been formatted, you will see the following prompt: Format another diskette (Y/N)? Press if you do have nothing else to be formatted.
Backing up your Diskettes and Files In order not to lose your files through disk damage or accidental deletion it is important to back up all your files and diskettes regularly. Backing up a diskette on a two-floppy disk drive system: At the A> prompt type the following: A> diskcopy a: b: Press and respond to the prompts on your screen.
Deleting your Diskettes and Files You may want to erase diskettes or unnecessary files to make room for other data. Erasing a diskette: To erase a whole directory of files, type the following at the drive prompt: A>del *.* All the files in the open directory are now erased. Deleting a file: To delete a single file, type the following at the drive prompt: A>del filename.
Finding Out What is on Your Disk If you want to find out what files are on a disk, you can list its directory by using the command. If you want to display the directory of the disk in drive A, you would use the following command: DIR A: After you hit the enter key, all the file information will be displayed on the screen. If you use the command without a drive letter, MS-DOS lists the directory of the disk which was most recently accessed. There are three ways to stop the screen from scrolling.
3-3 Hard Disk Drive Format A hard disk must be formatted before it can be read from or written to. If your hard disk requires this, you should carry out the following steps: Step 1 — Preformat The preformat utility is supplied by the system BIOS. You can press key quickly just after the RAM test to enter the SETUP program. Choosing item 2 from the initial screen to preformat hard disk. See Figure 3-1. Step 2 — Partition This process creates DOS partitioning on a preformatted hard disk drive.
Step 3 — Format The DOS command “Format”verifies the media and moves the system file onto the hard disk drive. The command should be keyed in as: A> FORMAT C:/S If you have two partition, you have to format D in DOS prompt. The command should be keyed in as: A> FORMAT D: If you want to use the partition 1 (drive C) to start DOS, you have to specify the /S option when formatting the disk. You can use this system disk to boot your system later.
3-4 Helpful Hints The following may save you some time or help you as you use your computer. • Make copies of your diskettes regularly. To make sure that a command works, you should: — Check your typing (make sure you don’t confuse \ with /). — Have the correct diskette in the drive. — Check the contents of the diskette with the DIR command. — Specify the correct diskette drive. — Remember to include the colon (:) when specifying the name of a drive.
3-5 System Setup Program A system setup program is included in your BIOS on the motherboard. The setup program is used to key in the configuration you want for your system. Specifically, you can set the date, time, base memory, expansion memory, number of floppy and hard disk drives and display configuration as well as get information on hard disk types. Your system BIOS is fully compatible with IBM BIOS.
Entering the Setup Program There are two ways to enter the setup program: by pressing or by pressing . 1.
2. Pressing to Enter the Setup Program If you want to set up special functions provided by BIOS or reconfigure your system, you will need to enter the setup program. After starting your computer, press the key quickly before the RAM test finishes. If you miss the chance to do so, reset your system and repeat the above procedures to enter the setup program.
Running the Setup Program The menu of the setup program highlights the selected command. You can use the up < # > and down < $ > arrows to select the desired item. Pressing the enter key < 8 > confirms your selection or enters the next screen. If the option on the screen does not match your configuration, you have two ways to make modifications.
1. Setting Up System Configuration If you choose item 1 from the screen on the previous page to configure your system, the following will appear: ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 2.0 (C) COPYRIGHT DATATECH ENTERPRISES CO., LTD 1990. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. SET UP SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 2. CURRENT TIME:[ 05:30:00] 3. COPROCESSOR : [ 1 ] 4. BASE MEMORY : [ 640 kB] 5. EXTENDED MEMORY : [ 1280 KB] 6. DISKETTE DRIVE A : [ 1.2 M ] DISKETTE DRIVE B : [ NO ] 7.
2. Preformatting Hard Disk If you want to preformat your hard disks, reenter the setup program by pressing , and select item 2 on the initial screen. The program will then proceed as below: ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 2.0 (C) COPYRIGHT DATATECH ENTERPRISES CO., LTD 1990. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
3. Setting Up Built-in Utilities three system utilities, a calculator, a hard disk park, and a timer, are in your system BIOS. These utilities are enabled by the setup program. Note that these utilities can be used in the 80-column text display mode only. he calculator and the hard disk park can be used if you press , and <5> (on the key pad). Pressing will exit these utilities. The following is the figure for the calculator.
4. Setting Up Password Selecting item 4 in the initial setup menu will lead you to set up a system password. A password can deny unauthorized users access to the computer. You can key in a password with a maximum of seven alphanumeric units. You may press to see the present password status. 5. Setting Up User-Defined Hard Disk Type If none of the drive types (l-47) match the fixed disk drive specifications you have, select item 5 in the setup menu to set a user-defined hard disk type. 6.
Keyboard Chapter
Keyboard In this chapter you will learn: ■ ■ the basics of your keyboard and its functions how to adjust your keyboard angle A computer keyboard sends messages from you to the computer.
4-1 Keyboard Layout Currently several of keyboard styles are available for PC/AT/XT compatible computers. The most popular are the PC keyboard, the PC/AT keyboard, and the enhanced keyboard. Figure 4-1 below illustrates the basic layout of a typical enhanced keyboard.
4-2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard Before you begin using your computer, you should become familiar with some keyboard functions. Your keyboard is divided into six sections. Refer to the previous page for the layout. The following gives an explanation of these keys. Function Keys These are located on the left or at the top of the keyboard. Function keys have specially defined uses preassigned by the software you use. They are used independently or in combination with other keys.
Keys Function Turns on and off the numeric mode on the numeric keypad Used for division operations. Used for multiplication operations. Used for subtraction operations. Activating Num Lock makes 7 operative. Home returns cursor to the beginning of the line it is on. Activating Num Lock makes 8 operative. Otherwise the up cursor key is active. Activating Num Lock makes 9 operative. Otherwise page up is active. Used for addition operations. Activating Num Lock makes 4 operative.
Mode Indicator Lights In addition to the character, number and control keys, every keyboard has three lights that indicate the typing mode. These lights and their functions are explained as follows: Figure 4-4: indicator Lights Caps Lock When this light is on, characters are in uppercase mode. Num Lock When this light is off, the cursor-control function of the numeric keypad is disabled and the numeric mode is activated. Scroll Lock When this light is on, text can be scrolled without moving the cursor.
Special Keys Below are some special keys on your keyboard. Figure 4-5: Special Keys Check out the above key functions in the table below and in Table 4-l. Keys Function Pressing this key together with the shift key will print all data on the screen. With Scroll Lock activated, you can move text vertically in line units. Pressing this key halts the current operation: pressing it again allows operation to continue. Moves the cursor for corrections, but the line Skips to new line.
QWERTY Keys These are the same keys which are used on a typewriter. I Figure 4-6: QWERTY Keys Keys Function Performs a tab function similar to that of a typewriter. Changes lowercase letters to capitals. Moves cursor back one space and erases characters. Pressing this key activates uppercase letters; pressing it again activates lowercase letters.
Cursor Keys These keys move the cursor in the indicated direction. Figure 4-7: Cursor Keys Key Combinations The keys shown below have special functions when pressed simultaneously. I I Keys Function Both keys should be used together stop a program while it's running. Pressing any key again allows you to continue Both keys used together interrupt a program while it’s running and identify line where it stops. There three keys reset the system so that the machine is at the RAM test stage.
4-3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment Under the rear of the keyboard are two small legs that can be pulled out or pushed in to change the keyboard angles to suit you.
Troubleshooting Chapter
Troubleshooting In this chapter you will learn about: ■ ■ the basics of how to solve software/hardware problems when to get technical help for your computer Your computer has been designed to last for years of optimum performance. But if some problems do occur, more likely than not you will be able to solve them by referring to this chapter. No matter whether you are a new or experienced user, you should become familiar with the material in this chapter.
5-1 Command Problems Often what appears to be a big problem is in fact just a matter of a small oversight. Before taking your computer to the shop for major surgery, check the following items: Make sure that all devices (computer and peripherals) have power and are turned on. If you encounter a problem while you are working, stop what you are doing immediately. On paper, make notes of what is happening. List the actions you have taken and the responses from the computer.
Are you using a startup disk? Is your disk formatted? Is the system configuration correct? Are all the external and internal connectors are connected well? Make sure that you are running software compatible with your display port, because some software programs can only run on the MGA display mode. Is the power fuse burned out? If you have gone through the above checklist and your system still does not function properly, check the following pages.
5-2 System Error Messages Basically there are three levels of system error messages that you might see displayed on your computer. These are related to the software you use. The following are the ones most commonly encountered. Software error messages are a result of: l l Software lockup; the application becomes stuck and the cursor will not move. When this happens, remove your application program from the disk drive (unless a hard disk is used) and reboot your computer.
Examples of System Error Messages System crash The cursor cannot be moved and does not respond to the keyboard. This could indicate a software crash. Mark where you are in your document. Reboot your system and reload your software. Scroll the cursor to where you last saved your data. Retype the information up to where the cursor could not be moved. Enter the rest of the data. If the cursor continues to function normally, the problem was probably caused by accidently pressing the wrong key.
5-3 System BIOS Error Messages ROM B/OS Checksum Error — Indicates an invalid ROM BIOS failure. 8254 Error — Indicates a 8264 timer controller failure. 8237 Error — Indicates a 8237 DMA controller failure. 74612 Error — Indicates a 74612 page register failure. 8259 Error — Indicates a 8259 interrupt controller failure. 8742 Error — Indicates a 8742 controller failure. Check Battery — Indicates a system backup battery disconnection or power loss.
Keyboard Error User Check — Indicates the disconnection of the keyboard from the system or a keyboard device failure. Parity Error but Segment not Found, Press any Key to Continue — Indicates that the NMI circuit has detected a RAM parity error. System Memory Mismatch, Run SETUP — Indicates a mismatch of memory size in the CMOS RAM as well as onboard. You need to run the setup program. Display Card Mismatch, Run SETUP — Indicates a mismatch of a record typed in the CMOS RAM as well as onboard.
Appendix Chapter
Appendix This chapter provides: ■ technical information ■ information on disk drive installation ■ information on moving your computer ■ information on memory expansion with a PEI-306 RAM card This manual is not a technical reference manual. This chapter provides some technical information about your system, but if you need more, check out at a technical library or bookstore. You will find technical reference books in most bookstores.
6-1 Installing Disk Drives Three 5.25” and two 3.5” disk drives may be installed in the system unit. Installation of a hard disk is essentially the same as that for a floppy disk. You may at sometime want to add to or change your floppy or hard disk drives. Follow the instructions below to do so. Be certain to refer to the manuals for both the disk drive and the controller card for any additional specific information regarding them that may be of importance. Installing 5.25 Disk Drives To install a 5.
l Slide the disk drive, back end first, into the disk drive bay and fasten it to the chassis. Figure 6-2: lnstalling 5.
Installing 3.5” Disk Drives The installation of a 3.5” disk drive is similar to that of a 5.25” disk drive. • First, fasten the bracket to the drives. Figure 6-3: Fastening the bracket to 3.5 Disk Drives • Next, place the disk drive inside the bay and fasten the brackets to the chassis. Refer to the figure below: Figure 6-4: Installing 3.
Connecting Cables to Disk Drives After you have screwed the disk drive securely in the disk drive bay, you should connect the floppy/hard disk controller cables, the data cable of the hard disk drive as well as one of the four cables from the power supply. See the figures on the following pages. The power cable is simple to connect: simply plug it to the correct adapter. The shape of the plug ensures that no mistakes will be made. 3x the figures on the following pages.
Connecting Cables to Floppy Disk Drives • First, connect the four-wire power cable to the disk drive. Figure 6-6 : Connecting to a Floppy Disk Drive • Then, connect the controller cable: one end to floppy disks and the other end to the FDC card with the colored-line side of the cable attached to pin 1of the connector on the FDC card.
Connecting Cables to Hard disks • First, connect the four-wire power cable to the disk drive. Figure 6-8: Connecting to a Hard Disk Drive • next, connect the cable: one end to the disk drives and the other end to the HDC card with the colored-line side of the cable attached to pin 1 of the connector on the HDC card.
Figure 6-11: Connecting Cables to Hard Disk Drives Follow the same procedure for any additional drives you want to install. Removal To remove a drive, just reverse the procedure described above. Disconnect the cables, undo the screws ,slide the disk drive out and remove the mounting guides or bracket.
6-2 Quick Reference for Jumper Settings W1 — DRAM type selection (44256x4+41256x2) x4 Module RAM Table 6-1: Jumper Wl and Switch SW1 Settings W2 and W3 — memory I/O wait state selection Table 6-2: Jumper W2 Table 6-3: Jumper W3 Chapter 6: Appendix 9
W4 — running speed Table 6- 4: Jumper W4 W5 — Turbo LED W6 — video selection 1 & 2 shorted — mono 2 & 3 shorted -color W7 — math coprocessor 1 & 2 shorted — install 2 & 3 shorted — not install W8 — BIOS selection J1 — power LED J2 — hardware reset J3 — speaker connector 10 Chapter 6: Appendix
6-3 Expanding Your Memory with a PEI-306 RAM Card The PEI-306 RAM Card is a flexible memory solution for your system’s motherboard. It can be installed in a 32-bit expansion slot designed for this purpose. he PEI-306 RAM Card makes use of a combination of 256KB and MB SIMM modules which allow for up to 12MB of memory for maximum expandability. With so many memory configurations, setup becomes a major consideration.
1 Card Setup Memory Banks The PEI-306 RAM Card memory is divided into three banks. At the very least, bank 0 must be full for the card to function. By setting DIP switch SW1 and jumpers Wl - W3 the PEI-306 RAM Card can be set up with a minimum of 1 MB and a maximum of 12MB memory. The PEI-306 RAM Card has SIMM-type RAM module sockets. These 30-pin single-in-line sockets are aligned at an angle of 25 degrees. Refer to the figure below.
Jumper Settings Jumpers W1 - W3 allow you to set the DRAM type of banks 0 - 2 for either 411000 RAM or 41256 RAM. Jumper W1 selects bank 0, W2 selects bank 1 and W3 selects bank 2. The three banks must be filled with the same type of RAM: either 41266 or 411000. Refer to the table below for more information.
DRAM Chip Speed Your mainboard has a clock speed which requires the use of 80ns DRAM on the PEI-306 RAM Board. Both types of DRAM (256KB and 1MB) are available in both speeds so you can take full advantage of the RAM Boards various configurations. Refer to the charts below for a synopsis of this information.
Note : means “ON” and means “OFF”.
Note : means “ON” and means “OFF”.
Installing Your PEI-306 RAM Card Having ensured that the power to the system is switched OFF,open your computer.
Expansion Slots and Slot Covers Before you install the PEI-306 RAM Card in your computer, make sure the computer is unplugged, and remove any static electric charge from your body by placing one hand on the power supply box inside your computer. Pick up the card by its non-conductive edges. Avoid touching the connector contacts or any components with your hands as this could damage the card.
6-4 Moving Your Computer and Peripherals Your personal computer and its peripheral components are highly sensitive machines that can be damaged easily through bad shipping and handling. We recommend that you take the following steps before moving the equipment to another location. Short Move An example of this is moving from one location to another in the same building.
6-5 Technical Information I Overview The PEM-2530 incorporates the Intel 80386 microprocessor as the basis of its 32-bit architecture. The 25MHz speed of the microprocessor, coupled with the performance benefits of the 32-bii architecture, provide exceptional performance well beyond the reach of most personal computer products currently using 16bit architectures.
System Timers The system has three programmable timer/counters controlled by a VLSI-VL82C100 peripheral controller that encloses the Intel 8254-2 chip. These are channels 0 through 2 defined as follows: Channel 0 System Timer GATE 0 TIED ON CLK IN 0 1.190MHz CLK OUT 0 8259A IRQ 0 OSC Table 6-9: Channel 0 -System Timer Channel 1 Refresh Request Generator GATE 1 TIED ON CLK IN 1 1.
System Interrupts Sixteen levels of system interrupts are provided by the 80386 NMI as weII as the VLSI-VL82C 100 that encloses the two 8259A Interrupt Controller chips.
ROM Subsystem The ROM subsystem has a 32K or 64K by 16-bit arrangement consisting of two 32K by 8-bit ROM/EPROM modules. The odd and even address codes reside in separate modules. The top of the first megabyte and the bottom of the last megabyte address space is assigned to ROM (hex 0F 0000 and hex FF0000). Parity checking is not done on ROM. Note: the EPROM speed should be under 200ns. RAM Subsystem The RAM subsystem is a 32-bit memory subsystem that starts at address hex 000000 of the 16M address space.
Direct Memory Access The VLSI-VL82C100 that encloses the two Intel 8237-5 DMA controller chips (four channels in each chip) are used to provide eight DMA channels. The DMA channels are assigned as follows: Table 6-13: DMA Channels DMA Channels Channels 0 through 3 are contained in DMA controller 1. Transfers of 8-bit data, 8-bit I/O adapters and 8-bit or 16-bit system memory are supported by these channels.
I The addresses for the page register are as follows: Page Register l/O Hex Address DMA Channel 0 0067 DMA Channel 1 0063 DMA Channel 2 0061 DMA Channel 3 0062 DMA Channel 5 0068 DMA Channel 6 0089 DMA Channel 7 000A Refresh 008F Table 614: Addresses for the Page Register Address generation for the DMA channels is as follows: Table 6-15: Address Generation for DMA Channels 3 Through 0 Note: To generate the addressing signal “byte high enable” (BHE), invert address line AO.
I/O Channel Slots The l/O channel supports: • Refresh of system memory from channel micro-processors • Selection of data accesses (either 8 or 16-bit) • Interrupts • 24-bit memory addresses (16MB) • I/O wait-state generation • I/O address space hex 100 to hex 3FF • Open-bus structure (allowing multiple microprocessors to share the system’s resources, including memory) • DMA channels The pinouts of the expansion bus I/O channels are shown as below and on the next page.
JlB JlA Figure 6-17: Thirty-Six Pin VO Channels Math Coprocessor Control The math coprocessor functions as an I/O device through I/O port addresses hex OF8, OFA and OFC. The microprocessor sends OP codes and operands to I/O ports. The microprocessor also receives and stores results through the same I/O ports. The ‘busy” signal sent by the coprocessor forces the microprocessor to wait until the coprocessor has finished executing.
32-bit Memory Expansion Bus The 32-bit-memory expansion bus optimizes the memory subsystem to take advantage of the 32-bit architecture of the 80386. The PEM2530 mainboard and PEI-306 RAM Board allow for the configuration of extended local memory up to 16MB. This bus is not intended to be a general-purpose, industry standard 32-bit bus. It is simply a mechanism to optimize the performance of the PEM-2530 memory subsystem for the 80386 architecture.
• SBE1 This output signal (active low) indicates when the 32-bit memory board should operate on D8 through D15. • SBE2 This output signal (active low) indicates when the 32-bit memory board should operate on D16 through D33. • SBE3 This output signal (active low) indicates when the 32-bit memory board should operate on D24 through D31. • RA17-RA23, RA31, RF25 These outputs are qualified to enable each bank of memory. • REFRESH This output signal indicates a refresh cycle.
The pinouts for the eighty-pin I/O channels of the 32-bit memory expansion bus are shown below: CON5 Figure 6-18: Pin Assignments of the 32-bit Memory Expansion Bus 30 Chapter 6: Appendix
Glossary Chapter
Glossary Some of the terms you will come across frequently in this manual are defined here. add-on card — This card connects through expansion slots to the motherboard. Also known as an adapter, an expansion card or an interface card, this is used to increase the capabilities of your computer. address — This is a value that is given to specific memory locations so that data can be read or written. Make sure that devices do not have the same address. Otherwise, there will be an address conflict.
BIOS bit — This stands for Basic Input Output System. BIOS controls the real-time clock and disk drives as well as the computer’s peripheral equipment. — This is a binary data digit, either 1 or 0. 1 or 0 represents a single unit of data. boot — This means to turn on the power switch and load the operating system (DOS) into the computer so that it is ready to accept software applications. bus — This is a set of lines that transmit signals/information between the components within the computer.
data — Any kind of information. However, this word is generally used to describe computer-related information. debug — A method for correcting computer errors. default — This is an existing setting in a computer. DIP — This is an acronym for Dual In-line Package, which is a method for packaging integrated circuits. directory — A directory works like a desk drawer to keep files. It contains not only your files but also the information on the size of the file and the dates they were created and updated.
driver — A program that lets a peripheral device and a computer function harmoniously; a hard disk driver controls exchanges between a hard disk and a computer. expansion slot — This is a slots in which adapters and/or cards can be housed. file — A file is a collection of related information/data you store on a diskette or a hard disk drive. filename — Each file on a disk has a name. This name has two parts: a filename and an extension. In DOS, filenames are from one to eight characters long.
interface — A means for electronic machines to communicate. Interface also means to communicate with a computer and its peripheral components. kilobyte (KS) — A single data unit that is composed of 1024 bytes. math coprocessor — A math coprocessor lets you do arithmetic and calculations more efficient. megabyte (MB) — A single data unit that is composed of 1,048,576 bytes. memory address — A hexadecimal or decimal value given to a memory location.
ns — Nanoseconds. This is a unit of time measurement for processing speed. operating system — This is software that controls the execution of programs. output — Any information or bits of data that are channeled from one electronic device to another. partition — A disk drive can be divided into several logical sections or partitions, each of which becomes a logical device with a drive letter. peripheral — Output devices which are driven by the computer.
ROM — Read Only Memory. This is data that is stored on an IC in the computer. KG-232 — RS232 is a standardized communications interface between data communication equipment and your computer. setup — This section guides you through the preparations you’ll need to make before operating your computer. If this is your first computer, you’re advised to read this section carefully.
