KEEN-3336/4030 Personal Computer User’s Manual Edition 1.1 The following does not apply to any country where such provisions are inconsistent with local law: We make no warranties with respect to this documentation either express or implied and provide it "as is". This includes but is not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
Warning • Your warranty be voided if you open your system unit case up to reconfigure the system. • If you wish to reconfigure the computer at any time, ensure that the power is turned OFF before changing any hardware settings, such as DIP switches or jumpers.
About This Manual What’s Inside Here’s what you’ll find in this manual: Chapter 1— “System Overview”, gets you acquainted with the basic concepts of your system. Chapter 2 — "Setting Up Your System”, shows you how to set up or upgrade your system. Chapter 3 — ‘Operating Your System: shows you the basics of the MS-DOS functions and the BIOS setup program. Chapter 4 — "Keyboard”, explains the keyboards features, layout and basic functions.
How to use this manual For the advanced user If you are an experienced PC user and do not want to upgrade your system now and you want to start using your personal computer as quickly as possible, refer to the Quick Start section at the beginning of chapter one. Quick Start will provide you all the information you need to set up the hardware. For the beginner Chapter 1 gives you the basic information you need to use this system.
Contents Chapter 1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Operating System 1-2 QuickStart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1-3 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1-4 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ................................ 1 2-1 Unpacking Your Main System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2-2 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 BoardLayout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 lnstallling Processor . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 3 Operating Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3-1 An Introduction to DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Loading DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3-2 DOS Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Starting MS-DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Formatting Disks .
Chapter 4 Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4-1 Keyboard Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4-2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Numeric Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mode Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Figures Chapter 1 System Overview Figure 1-1: QuickStart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1-2: System Configuration . . . . . . . . Figure 1-3: System Unit Case . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1-4: Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1-5: Keylock and Two Security-lock Keys . Figure 1-6: Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1-7: Connecting the Keyboard Cable . . . Figure 1-8: System Power Cord . . . . . . . . . Figure 1-9: Two Kinds of Display Connectors . .
Chapter 3 Operating Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 13 15 16 Figure 3-1: Initial Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3-2: Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3-3: Key Functions of Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 4 Keyboard Figure 4-1 : Keyboard Layout . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4-2: Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4-3: Numeric Keypad . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 1 System Overview
System Overview This chapter covers: ■ ■ the basics of your system the system’s features and specifications control panel features and connectors outside the case ■ how to maintain your computer lf you are an experienced user who wants to get to work as soon as possible, the Quick Start section at the beginning of this chapter provides you all the information you need to set up the hardware. If you want to upgrade your hardware later, read Chapter 2.
1-1 Introduction This manual will guide you through the setup of your computer and provide the information necessary to tailor the system to fit your needs. lf you are a novice, you will have your computer up and running with a minimum of fuss. You will also gain valuable handson experience by following the easy step-by-step instructions. If you are an advanced user, you will appreciate the affordable power of this system.
1-2 Quick Start If you are an experienced user anxious to start using your computer, observe the figure below to set up your personal computer. You will still want to use this manual later as a reference book. Note: Save all packing materials in case you need to ship or resell your computer in the future.
1-3 Features . 386-33140 microprocessor with 80387-33140 or Weitek 3167 numeric coprocessor optional . Use of the DTK DA315 and DA342 chipset . Dual speed, 33/40MHz cache support in ultra-high speed. Emulation without cache is enabled in low speed. Software or hardware switches toggle between high and low speeds. . l/2/4/5/8 MB 32-bit DRAM onboard . Direct-mapped high-speed SRAM cache memory support: 64KB . Write-back cache update for O-wait state memory-write operations . DTK, or AMI BIOS support .
• System performance rate: KEEN-3336 Landmark (V. 1 .14): 53.7 ~ 53.9 Power Meter MIPS (V. 1.7): 8.0MIPS Norton SI (V. 6.0): 35.4 KEEN-4030 Landmark (V. 1.14): 65.1 Power Meter MIPS (V. 1.7): 9.4MIPS Norton SI (V. 6.0): 42.
1-5 Example of a System Configuration The basic system is pictured below. You may choose peripherals and upgrades for the system as your needs require. Even if your system is different from the one pictured, if should operate in the same basic manner. Figure 1-2: System Configuration Note: The illustrations of the system in this manual may look different from your system; however, their main features should be the same.
1-6 System Unit The system unit may house a motherboard, disk drives, a power supply and optional expansion cards.
1-7 Control Panel The control panel provides several useful functions which are explained below. You are likely to use the front panel frequently, so let’s start there. Figure 1-4: Front Panel Reset Button The reset button allows you to restart the system without turning the power off. lf you encounter any problems while using unfamiliar software, you can always restart quickly from the RAM test stage by pressing the reset button.
Keylock The keylock enables or disables the keyboard. In the unlock mode the keyboard is activated. In the lock mode the keyboard is disabled to deny unauthorized uses access to the computer. Figure 1-5: Keylock and Two Security-lock Keys System Power Switch The system power switch is located on the control panel. You should always be certain that the power is turned off before modifying the hardware configuration in any way.
1-8 Rear Panel The rear panel has all the connections that lead from the system unit to external peripherals and the power source. Turn off all power switches before connecting or disconnecting cables/wires! Ensure that cables/wires are attached to the external device first and connected to the outlet unit later. Turn the system unit power switch off before you plug the power cable into an electrical outlet.
Keyboard Connector The keyboard supplied with your system can be plugged into sockets in the rear of the case. plug the keyboard cable into the socket as shown below.
Power Cord Connector The power supply has two receptacles: one supplies power to a monitor; the other connects to the main power source.
Display Port You will also need to connect your monitor to the system unit at a female display port in one of the expansion slots as shown on the previous page. To attach the monitor cable to the video port, plug the cable into the port and screw the cable connector down securely. Your computer gives you a wide range of video options to meet your needs. You have a wide choice of the following video standards.
Power Voltage Setting The system unit can run on either 115V or 230V as indicated in the figure below. The voltage setting switch is located above the monitor power outlet. Refer to Figure 1-11 for power cord specifications.
When you are using the PC in American areas, switch the voltage selector switch to 115V and if you are in European countries, switch to 230V. Refer to the figure below for the appropriate specification of the power cord used. Power Source Cord Specification 115v UL listed; SVT/SJT type; three-conductor rated 10A, 125V; <15ft. in length 230v Appropriate approval listed in that specific country: three -conductor rated 6A, 250v (HAR). 230v (U.S.A.
To connect other peripherals (printers, modems, etc.), refer to your expansion card manuals or peripheral manuals to determine which ports are to be used. You may consult your dealer for more about the expansion cards available for your system. Typical peripherals are shown in the illustration below.
1-10 Disk Drives You can install up to six disk drives in the system unit of either with 5.25” or 3.5” sizes. More information about how to install disk drives may be found in Chapter 6.
Floppy Disk Drives With a floppy disk drive you can format and use single-sided (or double-sided), doubledensity (or highdensity) floppy disks. One double-sided 5.25” floppy disk can store up to 360KB of data. One double-sided high density 5.25” floppy disk can store up to 1.2MB of data. One standard 3.5” floppy disk can store up to 720KB of data. One high density 3.5” floppy disk can store up to 144MB of data.
Copy Protection You can copy-protect a floppy disk to prevent accidental storage of information or viral infection onto that disk by covering the notch on the side of a 5.25” floppy disk with a write-protect tab or by sliding the small tab on a 3.5” floppy disk to expose the hole. Refer to the figures below for how to copy-protect floppy disks. When a disk is copy-protected, you cannot add new information to it or change any information on it.
Hard Disks Your system is very powerful and versatile. To make full use of all its capabilities, it is best to use a hard disk. A hard disk can raise your efficiency because the hard disk keeps programs and data available at your fingertips. Moreover, your system gives you a wide range of half-high or full-high hard disk(s) of 3.5” or 5.25” to meet your needs.
1-11 Keyboard Your keyboard has a set of function keys, cursor keys and a numeric keypad. The figure below shows a typical keyboard. Refer to Chapter 4 for a more detailed description of the keyboard.
1-12 Maintaining Your Equipment Read and follow carefully all the instructions and warnings in this manual and on these products! Only use a damp cloth to clean your system unit and monitor case. Do not use detergents! Position your system unit, monitor and cables/wires away from direct sunlight, moisture, dust, oil, and thoroughfares. Do not submit your equipment to harsh jarring. Ensure that all ventilation outlets are always free from obstruction.
Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System
Setting Up Your System In this chapter you will learn about: ■ ■ ■ how to unpack your main system how to assemble a knocked-down system how to upgrade your system Setting up a system is easy and takes only a short time. If your dealer has set up your system for you, you can skip this chapter. With the system set up, you are now ready to load your application software and begin to work. This chapter covers topics you are less likely to need to know tight away.
2-1 Unpacking Your Main System lf you want to set up or upgrade your system, you will need to remove the cover of the unit. This is easily accomplished with the following tools: a small flat-blade screwdriver and a small Philips screwdriver. Be sure that the power to the system is switched off before you open the case. Your computer interior is as show below.
2-2 Configuratlon The following will guide you through the physical installation of the mainboard. Restrictions Before installing the mainboard, we strongly recommend that you observe the restrictions mentioned below.
Board Layout The figure below will familiarize you with the layout of the Cache-386 33/40MHz mainboard.
lnstalling Processor The mainboard supports the 386-33/40 processor. You should insert the processor chip with the notch on into the corresponding notch on the PGA(Pin Grid Array) type processor socket if you have a PEM3335D/4035D mainboard, or the PQFP (Plastic Quad Flat Pack) type processor socket if you have a PEM-3335DS/4035DS mainboard. Installing Numeric Coprocessor The mainboard supports the 80387 and Weitek 3167 numeric coprocessors.
Figure 2-3: Coprocessor Installation ROM lnstallation To install the ROM chips, refer to the illustration on page 4 for the location of the DIP sockets on the mainboard. ROM access time is 150ns.
Main Memory Configuration The mainboard has one kind of SIMM socket. The socket of the SIMM Inodule is a 30-pin single-in-line module. Chip Insertion Remember that when inserting chips/RAM modules, you must make sure the notched or dotted end of the chip/RAM module is lined up with the notched end of the socket. Gently push the chip/RAM module into the socket, and be careful not to bend the pins.
Total 32-bit Memory Switch Settings The location of the four-switch DIP SW1 can be. seen below. Each switch has an ON and OFF position (usually the ON position is labeled, the OFF position is not). SW1 should be set appropriately, based on the following illustration. Side View Top View Figure 2-5: The Four-switch DIP SW1 Note: • The switch setting for the onboard 32-bit memory must correspond to the physical memory installed onboard.
But if you use some other BlOSes with the switch settings (SW1-1, SW1-2, SW1-3) for total 32-bit memory larger than the physical DRAM installed, there will be an error message. This is caused by different methods of testing memory among BIOSes. The solution is to set the switches for the total 32-bit memory in accordance with the physical DRAM installed. Most of the BlOSes do not have this problem.
2-3 Jumper Options and Connectors After the switches are set correctly, other attachments and jumper option adjustments on the mainboard have to be made. See the illustration on page 4 for the location of the jumpers and connectors. The jumpers have been preset at the factory, but not necessarily for the system configuration you want. Jumpers A jumper is a kind of switch which uses a plastic cap with a metal interior to connect (short) two pins.
Functions of Connectors and Jumpers A variety of connections can be made from the mainboard to a control panel on the front of your system. Following is a brief explanation of the various functions of the connectors that the mainboard supports: Reset Connector (Jumper J1) This connector connects the reset switch to your control panel. If you encounter any problems while using unfamiliar software, you can always restart from the beginning by pressing the reset button.
Turbo Connector (Jumper J3) This connector switches the system between normal and turbo speeds. Jumper J3 Hardware Method Normal, Emulate Without Cache Support Turbo, Cache Support in Ultra-High Speed Note that Turbo and Normal modes can also be toggled with a software switch invoked from the keyboard as shown below: Speaker Connector (Jumper J4) This connector uses only two lines for the internal speaker.
Coprocessor Option (Jumper J11) J11 is used to enable or disable the coprocessor. Keyboard Connector (Jumper 513) This connector is located at the back of your system unit. Any AT-compatible keyboard with a 5-pin DIN connector may be used. The pin assignments for keyboard connector J13 are as follows: 1 Keyboard CIOck 4 Ground Power Supply Connector (Jumper 514) This connector is provided for the power supply.
Jumpers for Cache and Main Memory Configuration The cache configuration is 64KB cache (with eight 16Kbit x 4 cache SRAM chips and two 16Kbit x 4 tag SRAM chips). The figure on this page shows the jumper and switch settings for different onboard memory (DRAM) configurations. Switch SW1 is located on the mainboard. Two banks of main memory are on the mainboard, BANK 0 and BANK 1. Each bank accommodates the 32-bit wide data bus. BANK 0 must be installed first.
2-4 Factory Default Settings Because of the large number of jumpers and options on the mainboard, it is best to start with the factory default settings and make experimental modifications from that point. The following table shows the factory default settings.
2-5 Connection to Power Supply If you are installing the mainboard yourself, the final step is to attach the two six-pin cables from the power supply to the mainboard at connector J14. Be sure the four black wires of the power supply are located at the middle of the power connector. Refer to the figure below. Pin 1 is shown in the picture for your convenience.
The pinouts of power connector J14 are as follows: Figure 2-11: Power Supply Pinouts Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System 17
Chapter 3 Operating Your System
Operating Your System In this chapter you will learn: n n a few MS-DOS functions the basics of the system setup and utility The software that your system will use falls into two categories. First there is the operating system, the language that tells the system what to do. The operating system in this computer is Microsoft Corporation’s MS-DOS, the world’s most widely used operating system for PC/XT/ATs. Next, there is the application software that you use for work and play.
3-1 An Introduction to DOS DOS stands for Disk Operating System. This is a set of commands used to control the operations of a computer and its peripheral components. DOS makes it easy for you to use applications and create and manage files on your computer. DOS also lets you use devices with the computer. Loading DOS Loading DOS means to copy all the DOS programs into the computer’s electronic memory. You should follow the instructions below to start DOS.
3-2 DOS Operations Following is a brief explanation of a few DOS functions. If you want a detailed explanation of all the DOS commands, refer to your DOS user manual. Starting MS-DOS lf you are using a hard disk with DOS already installed, the computer will “boot” or start itself. lf you are using a floppy disk drive, insert the DOS system disk in drive “A” and switch on your computer. Your computer is now booted and ready to run application programs.
Type the name you want to give the disk with a maximum of 11 characters, or press if you don’t want a label, and show the following: Format another (Y/N)? Press if you do have nothing else to be formatted. Backing up your Diskettes and Files In order not to lose your files through disk damage or accidental deletion it is important to back up all your files and diskettes regularly.
Deleting your Diskettes and Files You may want to erase diskettes or unnecessary files to make mom for other data. Erasing a diskette: To erase a whole directory of files, type the following at the drive prompt: A>del *.* All the files in the open directory are now erased. Deleting a file: To delete a single file, type the following at the drive prompt: A>del filename.ext A>erase filename.
3-3 Hard Disk Drive Format A hard disk must be formatted before it can be read from or written to. To format a hard disk drive, you should carry out the following steps: step1— Preformatting The preformat utility is supplied by the system BIOS. You can press the , key quickly just after the RAM test to enter the SETUP program. Choose item 2 from the initial screen to preformat a hard disk. See Figure 3-1. Step 2 — Partitioning lf MS-DOS version 5.
Step 3 — Format The DOS command ‘Format” verifies the media and moves the system file onto the hard disk drive. The command should be keyed in as: A> FORMAT C:/S If you have two partitions, you should format D from the DOS prompt. The command should be keyed in as: A> FORMAT D: lf you want to use partition 1 (drive C) as the startup disk, you have to specify the /s option when formatting the disk. You can use this system disk to boot your system later.
3-4 Helpful Hints The following may save you some time or help you as you use your computer. Make copies of your diskettes regularly. To make sure that a command works, you should: — Check your typing (make sure you don’t confuse \ with /). — Have the correct diskette in the drive. — Check the contents of the diskette with the DIR com- mand. — Specify the correct diskette drive. — Remember to include the colon (:) when specifying the name of a drive. — Spell the filename correctly.
3-5 BIOS Utility and Setup This chapter will acquaint you with the DTK BIOS on your motherhoard. If you are an AMI BIOS or any other BIOS user, skip this chapter and refer to its respective BIOS manual. The BIOS is composed of two portions. • system BIOS • setup program 3-6 System BIOS Your system BIOS is fully compatible with IBM BIOS that contains a POST (Power-on Self Test).
Hard Disk Preformat System BIOS supports a low-level format utility through a preformatting process. Before becoming able to save data, all hard disks need to be preformatted. If a hard disk contains defective tracks, you should first build the Bad Tracks Table to identify them. Then, you can start the preformatting process. Note: The preformatting process will destroy ail data on the hard disk. System Utilities Three system utilities, a calculator, a hard disk park and a timer, are in your system BIOS.
User-defined Hard Disk Type This system BIOS provides broad support for special hard disks that may be not on the list of 47 hard disk types. If you want to set up a hard disk which is not listed, the first step is to enter the ROM setup program for hard disk type to set the number of cylinders, heads, etc. Next, select hard disk type 48 or 49. When the system is rebooted, the hard disk in your system will work. Shadow RAM Your motherboard supports 128KB of hardware shadow RAM.
3-7 Setup Program A system setup program included in your BIOS is used to set up your system hardware. Specifically, you can set the date, time, base memory, extended memory, number of floppy/hard disk drives and display configuration. The setup program is simple to use: follow the instructions on the screen as they appear. if you want your computer to function normally, you should respond correctly to the screen prompts. Entering the Setup Program There are several ways to enter the setup program.
Pressing to Enter the Setup Program lf you want to set up special functions provided by BIOS or reconfigure your system, you will need to enter the setup program. After starting your computer, press the key quickly before the RAM test finishes. lf you miss the chance to do so, reset your system and repeat the above procedures to enter the setup program.
Running the Setup Program Setting Up System Configuration lf you choose item 1 from the initial screen, you can set up the following: • date and time • coprocessor • base memory • extended memory • diskette drive • fixed disk type • display card Preformatting Hard Disk lf you want to preformat your hard disk(s), choose item 2. Before starting your computer, make sure to set the correct parameters. Consult your computer dealer if you are in doubt as to which rate to choose.
This calculator runs only in the 80-column text mode. It is a 12-digit and 4-decimal business calculator. After YOU start the calculator, the screen will appear as below: Figure 3-2: Calculator The calculator is virtually the same as most business calculators. The table on the next page shows the key functions.
Function Keys number keys basic operators “%” (percent) “ "(square root) “MR” (memory recall) "M-” (the value in memory minus the displayed one] “M+” (adds the displayed value to value in memory) “AC” (all clear) will clear the displayed and memory values.
Password Setup Selecting item 4 in the setup menu will start the system password setup. You can key in a password with a maximum of seven alphanumeric units. The password may be kept in a DOS-formatted diskette with a specially processed file called PASSWORD.KEY. When a password is set, the user is given three chances to key in the password after the system has been booted up. If the correct password is not given during the three tries, the system will not function.
3-8 System BIOS Error Messages The following lists the various BIOS error message: ROM BIOS Checksum Error — Indicates an invalid ROM BIOS failure. 6254 Error — Indicates an 6254 timer controller failure. 8237 Error — Indicates an 8237 DMA controller failure. 74612 Error — lndicates a 74612 page register failure. 8259 Error — Indicates an 8259 interrupt controller failure. 8742 Error — Indicates an 8742 controller failure. Check Battery —Indicates a system backup battery disconnection or power loss.
Keyboard Error User Check — Indicates the disconnection of the keyboard from the system or a keyboard device failure. Parity Error but Segment not Found, Press any Key to Continue — Indicates that the NMI circuit has detected a RAM parity error. System Memory Mismatch, Run SETUP — Indicates a mismatch of memory size in the CMOS RAM as well as onboard. You need to run the setup program. Display Card Mismatch, Run SETUP — Indicates a mismatch of a recorded type in the CMOS RAM as well as onboard.
Capter 4 Keyboard
Keyboard In this chapter you will learn: ■ the basics of your keyboard and its functions ■ how to adjust your keyboard angles A computer keyboard sends messages from you to the computer.
4-1 Keyboard Layout Currently several of keyboard styles are available for PC/AT/XT compatible computers. The most popular are the PC keyboard, the PC/AT keyboard, and the enhanced keyboard. Figure 4-1 below illustrates the basic layout of a typical enhanced keyboard.
4-2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard Before you begin using your computer, you should become familiar with some keyboard functions. Your keyboard is divided into six sections. Refer to the previous page for the layout. The following gives an explanation of these keys. Function Keys These are located on the left or at the top of the keyboard. Function keys have specially defined uses preassigned by the software you use. They are used independently or in combination with other keys.
Keys Function Turns on and off the numeric mode on the numeric keypad Used for division operations. Used for multiplication operations. Used for subtraction operations. Activating Num Lock makes 7 operative. Home returns Cursor to the beginning of the line it is on. Activating Num Lock makes 8 operative. Otherwise the up cursor key is active. Activating Num Lock makes 9 operative. Otherwise page up is active. Used for addition operations. Activating Num Lock makes 4 operative.
Mode Indicator Lights In addition to the character, number and control keys, every keyboard has three lights that indicate the typing mode. These lights and their functions are explained as follows: Figure 4-5: Indicator Lights Caps Lock When this light is on, characters are in uppercase mode. Num Lock When this light is off, the cursor-control function of the numeric keypad is disabled and the numeric mode is activated. Scroll Lock When this light is on, text can be scrolled without moving the cursor.
Special Keys Below are some special keys on your keyboard. Figure 4-6: Special Keys Check out the above key functions in the table below and in Figure 4-4. Used with alphanumeric keys to enter BASIC key words.
QWERTY Keys These are the same keys which are used on a typewriter. Figure 4-8: QWERTY Keys Keys Function Performs a tab function similar to that of a typewriter. Changes lowercase letters to capitals. Moves cursor back one space and erases characters. Pressing this key activates uppercase letters; pressing it again activates lowercase letters.
Cursor Keys These keys move the cursor in the indicated direction. Figure 4-10: Cursor Keys Key Combinations The keys shown below have special functions when pressed simultaneously.
4-3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment Under the rear of the keyboard are two small legs that can be pulled out or pushed in to change the keyboard angles to suit you.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting In this chapter you will learn about: ■ ■ the basics of how to solve software/hardware problems when to get technical help for your computer Your computer has been designed to provide for years of optimum performance. But if some problems do occur, more likely than not you will be able to solve them by referring to this chapter. No matter whether you are a new or experienced user, you should become familiar with the material in this chapter.
5-1 Troubleshooting Procedure If your system does not start up properly, run through the following steps to isolate the problem. Start your computer. Insert a startup disk if the system software is not installed on your hard disk. Power Supply Fan If your power supply fan is not running, continue reading this section. Otherwise, skip ahead to the next section. Make sure the power cable is property connected between your system unit and the grounded power outlet.
Keyboard LEDs Do Not Light Up After you power up your system, the Num Lock LED on your keyboard should light up. If it does not, continue reading this section. Otherwise, skip ahead to the next section. Make sure the keyboard cable is connected properly to the back of your system unit. Try substituting a keyboard which is in good working order. If the substitute works property, you may need to replace your keyboard. Another possibility is that your motherboard may be defective.
Blank Screen About one minute after you turn on your system, a system prompt (such as A or C) should appear on your monitor. If there is no prompt on the monitor, follow the steps given below. Otherwise, continue to the next section. Adjust the brightness and contrast controls on your monitor. These are similar to the brightness and contrast controls on a TV set. If the screen is still blank, go on to the next step. Make sure that the monitor power and signal cables are properly connected.
Floppy Disk Drive There are two general types of problems with floppy disk drives. First, the LED on the floppy disk drive may not turn on when you try to read information from an inserted disk. Second, the read head on the inside of the drive may not be moving properly. If you appear to have either of these kinds of problems, continue reading this section. Otherwise, skip ahead to the next section.
Use the diagnostic software on your computer. Try to find out the conditions under which the malfunction occurs. Try also to isolate where the problem is occurring. Is it with a certain software program or with your hardware? If the problem is with software, you should probably talk to your software dealer. If the problem is with the hardware, try to narrow down the source of the problem.
5-2 System Error Messages Basically there are three levels of system error messages that you might see displayed on your computer. These are related to the software you use. The following are the ones most commonly encountered. Software error messages are a result of: Software lockup: the application becomes stuck and the cursor will not move. When this happens, remove your application program from the disk drive (unless a hard disk is used) and reboot your computer.
5-3 Examples of System Error Messages System crash The cursor cannot be moved and does not respond to the keyboard. This could indicate a software crash. Mark where you are in your document. Reboot your system and reload your software. Scroll the cursor to where you last saved your data. Retype the information up to where the cursor could not be moved. Enter the rest of the data. If the cursor continues to function normally, the problem was probably caused by accidentally pressing the wrong key.
Chapter 6 Appendix
Appendix This chapter provides: ■ ■ ■ information on installing disk drives technical information information on moving your computer This manual is not a technical reference manual. This appendix provides some technical information about your system, but if you need more, check out a technical library or bookstore. You will find technical reference books in most bookstores.
6-1 Disk Drives Up to six floppy/hard disk drives may be installed in the system unit. Installation of a hard disk is essentially the same as that for a floppy disk. You may at sometime want to add to or exchange your floppy or hard disk drives. Follow the instructions below to do so. Be certain to refer to the manuals for both the disk drive and the controller card for any additional specific information regarding them that may be of importance.
• Slide the disk drive, back end first, into the disk drive bay. Figure 6-2: Installing the Floppy and Hard Disk Drives • Next, connect the floppy/hard disk controller cable and one of the four cables from the power supply. The power cable is simple to connect: simply plug it in to the correct adapter. The shape of the plug ensures that no mistakes will be made.
Figure 6-3: Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive Drive B Figure 6-4: Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive to an FDC Card 4 Chapter 6: Appendix
• One edge of the ribbon cable is marked with a color line. This specific line side of the connector should be at pin 1 when attached to the card. Pin 1 is clearly marked on the card. See the figure below: To Pin 1 of FDC Connector To Pin 1 of HDC Connector To Drive A, To Drive D Figure 6-5: Cables for Disk Drives Follow the same procedure for any additional drives you want to install. Removal To remove a drive, just reverse the procedure described above.
Hard Disk Drives The installation of a hard disk drive is similar to that for a floppy disk drive. • First fasten the bracket on the drive. Figure 6-6: Fasten the Brackets on a Hard Disk Drive • 6 Next, place the disk drive inside the bay and fasten the brackets to the chassis. Refer to Figure 6-2.
Figure 6-7: Connecting a Hard Disk Drive Figure 68: Connecting a Hard Disk to an HDC Card Chapter 6: Appendix 7
Connect the power cable and the hard disk controller cables. Note that there is only one possible way to connect the power cable and hard disk cables owing to the shape of the connectors, so it is impossible to make a mistake. The two hard disk controller cables are of diferent sizes: the red wires on the cables should be connected so that they are toward the central portion of the case. Removal To remove a hard disk drive, reverse the procedure described above.
6-2 Technical lnformation 386 Microprocessor The mainboard uses a 386-33/40 microprocessor running at 33/40MHz. The 386 is a high-performance 32-bit microprocessor designed for multitasking operating systems. The processor can address up to 4 gigabytes of physical memory and 64 terabytes of virtual memory.
Memory Subsystem In the IBM PC-AT, conventional memory or base memory extends from 0 to 640KB. This is the user area, and is available for use by application sofwares. Physical memory address space from 640KB to 1MB is reserved for the system. DOS can recognize and use the memory area from 0 to 1 MB only. One way of overcoming the 640KB barrier is by using expanded memory.
6-3 Shadow RAM For higher performance, the mainboard has two shadow RAM functions. Shadow RAM is one of the advanced features of the mainboard. Your BIOS or diskette will support the following: • A 84KB DRAM space allocated for system BIOS shadow RAM • A 84KB DRAM space allocated for video BIOS shadow RAM BIOS and video addresses are allocated for shadow RAM. Both sections are 84KB in size. Refer to the table below for more information.
I/O Port Address 72H Data bit 5 Data bit 6 Data bit 7 1 Shadow area write protect 0 Shadow area write enable 1 Enable video BIOS shadow 0 Disable video BIOS shadow 1 Enable system BIOS shadow 0 Disable system BIOS shadow Figure 6-10: Shadow RAM Control Port lf you use DTK BIOS, you can enable or disable these two shadow RAM functions through your BIOS setup. Note: 1.
6-4 Entering 33/40MHz Cache Mode Software Switch When pins 2 and 3 of jumper J3 are shorted, the system speed may be toggled between Turbo (cache support in ultra-high speed) and Normal (emulate without cache support in lower speed) by holding down the control and alternate keys on the keyboard while pressing the minus <-> key. The Turbo LED on the control panel will light in Turbo mode.
6-5 Quick Reference for Jumper Settings J1 —Reset Connector J2— Turbo LED Connector J3 — Turbo Connector J4 —Speaker Connector J5 — Keyboard Lock/ Power LED J11 — Coprocessor Option J13 —Keyboard Connector J14— Power Supply Connector 14 Chapter 6: Appendix
6-6 Hard Disk Types Supported Type Cylinder Head Sector/Track Pre-Comp Land-Zone Chapter 6: Appendix 15
Chapter 7 Glossary
Glossary Some of the terms you will come across frequently in this manual are defined here. add-on card — This card connects through expansion slots to the motherboard. Also known as an adapter, an expansion card or an interface card, this is used to increase the capabilities of your computer. address — This is a value that is given to specific memory locations so that data can be read or written. Make sure that devices do not have the same address. Otherwise, there will be an address conflict.
BIOS — This stands for Basic Input Output System. BIOS controls the real-time clock and disk drives as well as the computer’s peripheral equipment. bit — This is a binary data digit, either 1 or 0. 1 or 0 represents a single unit of data. boot — This means to turn on the power switch and load the operating system (DOS) into the computer so that it is ready to accept software applications. bus — This is a set of lines that transmit signals/information between the components within the computer.
configuration — For hardware, it means a group of interrelated devices that constitute a system. For software, it is the total of the software modules and their interrelationships. CPU — Central Processing Unit. Also known as a microprocessor. This chip processes all the instructions in the computer. cursor — The blinking, moving spot of light that marks the active place on the monitor. data — Any kind of information. However, this word is generally used to describe computer-related information.
diskette — This refers to removable data storage disks, sometimes also called floppies or floppy disks. Diskettes generally come in two sizes: 5.25” and 3.5”. display — The information/graphics visible on the monitor screen. DOS — Disk Operating System. This is a set of commands is used to control the operations of a computer and its peripheral components. DRAM — Dynamic Random Access Memory. This type of RAM chip differs from Static Random Access Memory (SRAM).
filename — Each file on a disk has a name. This name has two parts: a filename and an extension. In DOS, filenames are from one to eight characters long. An extension starts with a period, has three characters and follows immediately after the filename. fixed or hard disk — This is a non-removable disk used for storage of large volumes of data. format — The arrangement of data on a magnetic disk. Format also means to prepare a disk. hardware — All physical components of a computer. HZ — Hertz.
megabyte (MB) — A single data unit that is composed of 1,048,576 bytes. memory address — A hexadecimal or decimal value given to a memory location. microprocessor — This is an integrated circuit that receives coded instructions for execution. It is also referred to as a CPU. mode — This is a condition or set of conditions, parameters, or protocols under which an operation can take place. modem — A modem lets your computer communicate with other computers over telephone lines.
output — Any information or bits of data that are channeled from one electronic device to another. partition — A disk drive can be divided into several logical sections or partitions, each of which becomes a logical device with a drive letter. password — A character string that you type, usually just after your user name, to get access to the system. peripheral — Output devices which are driven by the computer. Port — A communication channel between a computer and its peripheral components.
RAM — Random Access Memory; read/write memory; the memory in a computer while it is activated. When the power is turned off, this type of memory is cleared. ROM — Read Only Memory. This is data that is stored on an IC in the computer. RS-232 — RS232 is a standardized communications interface between data communication equipment and your computer. setup — This section guides you through the preparations you’ll need to make before operating your computer.
system crash — This is an event that occurs when the system software halts in response to a system malfunction. Turbo — High-speed. video — It refers to signals consisting of picture-producing elements that are used to display characters or graphics on a CRT. virtual disk — Also referred to as a RAM disk, this is a portion of memory used to simulate a physical disk. wait state — Wait states are pauses. Zero wait state means there are no pauses when the contents of the memory chips are being read.