SX386E OPERATIONS GUIDE
GERMAN RFI DECLARATION FOR CLASS B SELF CERTIFICATION Hiermit wird bescheinigt, dass der TriGem SX386E in Übereinstimmung mit den Bestimmungen der Vfg 1046/1984 funk-entstort ist. Der Deutschen Bundespost wurde das Inverkehrbringen dieses Gerätes angezeigt und die Berechtigung zur Überprüfung der Serie auf Einhaltung der Bestimmungen eingeräumt. TriGem Inc.
IMPORTANT NOTICE DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY TriGem Computer, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to this manual, and shall not be held liable for technical or editorial omissions made herein; nor incidental or consequential damages resulting from the furnishing, performance, or use of this manual. Further, TriGem Computer, Inc.
TRADEMARKS TriGem is a registered trademark of TriGem Computer, Inc. AMI BIOS is a trademark of American Megatrends Inc. IBM, PC, PC/XT, PC/AT, MDA, Monochrome Display Adaptor, EGA, Enhanced Graphics Adaptor, VGA, and Video Graphics Array are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corp. Intel 486 is a trademark of Intel Corp. AMD is a registered trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. EGA Wonder is a trademark of ATI Technologies, Inc.
FCC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS The following instructions pertain to the risk of fire, electric shock or bodily injury. Please read all of these instructions carefully. Save these instructions for later use. Follow all of the instructions and warnings marked on this product or included in this manual. Do not use this computer on an unstable cart, stand or table. The product may fall, causing serious damage to the product. Slots and openings in the cabinet and the back have been provided for ventilation.
Do not allow anything to rest on the power cord. Do not locate this product where people will walk on the cord. If you have to use an extension cord with this computer, make sure that the total amperage rating of all equipment plugged into it does not exceed the amperage rating of the extension cord. Also, make sure that the total of all products plugged into the main AC power outlet does not exceed 15 amps. Unplug your computer from the main electrical power outlet before cleaning.
MAINTENANCE Except as explained in Chapter 7, “Expanding Your System,” do not attempt to modify or service this product yourself. Opening or removing those covers that are marked “DO NOT REMOVE” may expose you to dangerous voltage points or other risks. Refer all servicing problems to qualified service personnel. If the product does not operate normally, adjust only those controls that are covered by the operating instructions.
Stop! If you ever have to remove the main system unit cover, observe the following precautions: The power supply cord must be unplugged before the main system unit cover is removed. (Separe le cordon d’alimentation et puis enleve le couvercle.) Once removed, the cover must be replaced and screwed in position before the power supply cord is plugged back in. (Apres le couvercle a enleve, visse le couvercle en place et remettre le cordon d’alimentation.
Wichtige Sicherheitsvorschriften Unbedingt beachten! Allgemeine Sicherheit Die nachfolgenden Anweisungen betreffen die Gefahr von Verletzungen durch elektrische Spannung, Feuer und mechanische Einwirkung. Bitte lesen Sie diese Anweisungen sorgfältig. Beachten Sie alle Hinweise, die am Gerät selbst angebracht oder in den zugehörigen Handbüchem vermerkt sind. Stelle Sie das Gerät an einem sicheren, stabilen Arbeitsplatz auf.
Auf das Netzanschußkabel dürfen keine Gegenstände gestellt werden. Legen sie das Netzkabel so, daß niemand darauftreten oder darüber stolpem kann. Wenn Sie Verlängerungskabel benutzen, müßen Sie sicher sein, daß die gesamte Leistungsaufnahme incht größer ist als das Verlängerungskabel zuläßt. Der gesamte Stromverbrauch aller angeschlossenen Geräte darf nicht mehr als 15 A betragen. Wenn Sie das Gerät reinigen, muß das Netzkabel aus der Steckdose gezogen werden.
ACHTUNG: Wenn Sie das Gerät öffnen mößen (Abnahme der verschraubten Haube), ist unbedingt folgendes zu beachten: Das Netzkabel muß aus der Steckdose gezogen werden und zwar bevor Sie das Gerät öffnen. Die Haube muss wieder monitert und verschraubt werden. Erst dann darf das Netzkabel wieder eingesteckt werden.
Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1 Setting Up Your System 1. Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Choosing a Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Connecting a Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
Chapter 3 Using Your Computer Changing the Operating Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special Keys on Your Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stopping a Command or Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Disks and Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How Disks Store Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Types of Diskette Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disk Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The DIR Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . File Searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multiple Disk Drive Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildcards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 7 Expanding Your System Connecting Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Serial Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parallel Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecting Modems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecting External Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix C Connector Pinouts I/OPorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-l Expansion Slot Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction Your computer is powerful, versatile, and easy to use. After setting up your system with the simple instructions in this manual, you’ll soon be using your favorite software programs. This computer is available in these configurations: The System provides one 1.2MB (megabyte) diskette drive, and an optional 1.44MB diskette drive and/or 40MB (or 80MB) hard disk drive.
How to Use This Manual This manual explains how to set up and care for your computer. It also describes how to use your computer. The instructions in this manual apply to your system, except where otherwise indicated. You probably don’t need to read everything in this book; see the following chapter summaries. Chapter 1 provides simple step-by-step instructions for setting up your computer. Chapter 2 describes how to run the Setup program to setup your computer’s configuration.
Chapter 1 Setting Up Your System Setting up your personal computer is easy. Just follow the nine steps in this chapter. When you finish setting up your computer, go on to Chapter 2 and follow the instructions there to run the Setup program. The Setup program updates the list of equipment installed in the computer any time options are added or changed. 1 Unpacking As you unpack the different parts of your computer system, be sure to inspect each piece.
Besides this manual, you should have the following: The computer and power cord The Keyboard with attached cable MS-DOS diskettes GW-BASIC diskette MS-DOS User’s Guides GW-BASIC User’s Guide In addition to these items, you need a compatible monitor to use with the computer. Be sure to keep your packing materials. They provide the best protection for your computer if you need to transport it later. 2 Choosing a location Before you set up your computer, it is important to choose the right location.
source of heat. High humidity also hinders operation, so select a cool, dry area. Avoid dust and smoke, which can damage disks and disk drives and cause you to lose valuable data. Appropriate power sources. To prevent static charges, connect all your equipment to three-prong, grounded outlets. You need one outlet for the computer, one for the monitor, and additional outlets for a printer and any other peripherals.
Figure l-2. System Main Unit 3 Connecting a Monitor The procedure you use to connect your monitor to the computer depends on the type of monitor you have. If you have a VGA monitor (or a multi-frequency monitor with an analog connector), you can connect it to the computer’s built-in VGA port. See “Using the VGA interface” below. If you have any other type of monitor, see “Using a Display Adapter Card” below.
2. Place your monitor on top of or near the computer. For easy access, turn the monitor and computer around so the backs of both components are facing you. 3. If necessary, connect the monitor cable to the monitor. (Your monitor may have a permanently attached cable.) 4. Examine the connector end of the monitor cable, and position the plug to match the orientation of the monitor port. Then insert the plug into the port (the connector should fit in easily when properly oriented), as shown below. Figure l-3.
5. If the plug has retaining screws, tighten them by hand or with a screwdriver, depending on the screw type. 6. Plug the monitor power cord into the monitor’s power inlet, as shown below. Figure 1-4. Connecting a Monitor Power Cable 7. Plug the other end of monitor’s power cord into an electrical outlet. Using a Display Adapter Card If you are using a non-VGA monitor, you’ll need to install a display adapter (video) card in one of the computer’s option slots before you can connect the monitor.
Monitor/video card compatibility Monitor Video card Monochrome Monochrome display adapter (MDA) Multi-mode graphics adapter (MGA) Enhanced graphics adapter (EGA) Hercules graphics card Color or EGA Color graphics adapter (CGA) Multi-mode graphics adapter (MGA) Enhanced graphics adapter (EGA) *EGA cards support only EGA monitors. When you are installing the video card, check to make sure any switches or jumpers on the card are set properly.
4 Connecting a Printer, Mouse, or Modem The computer has a parallel interface and two serial interfaces on the back panel, so you can easily connect a printer or other type of device with either type of interface. For example, you can use the parallel port to connect a parallel printer (most printers have a parallel interface). You can use the serial port to connect a serial printer, a serial mouse, or an external modem.
Figure 1-5. Connecting the Printer 3. Connect the other end of the cable to the printer, as shown below. If the printer has retaining clips on each side of the printer port, squeeze the clips together to secure the cable. 4. Plug the printer’s power cord into an electrical outlet. Using the Serial Interface If you have a serial printer, modem, mouse, or any other peripheral with a serial interface, you can connect it to the serial (RS-232C) port on the back of the computer.
To connect a serial device, follow the same steps outlined above for a parallel device, but connect the cable to the serial port, shown on figure l-4. Figure 1-6. Serial Ports Setting up the serial port for a printer If you are using a serial printer but your software does not support a serial printer, you must do two things before you can print: Set up the data transmission parameters for the serial port. Tell the computer to redirect printer data from the parallel port to the serial port.
5 Connecting the Power Cord Follow these steps to connect the power cord: 1. Insert the power cord into the AC inlet on the computer’s back panel, as shown below. To avoid an electric shock, be sure to plug the cord into the computer before plugging it into the wall socket. Figure 1-7. AC Power Connections 2. Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-prong, grounded electrical outlet.
on the connector is pointing up so it plugs in easily. 6 Connecting the Keyboard Your keyboard has only one cable to connect. This simply plugs into the keyboard connector located at the bottom of the main system unit’s rear panel. This connector is designed to prevent insertion if the pins don’t line up, so it may be necessary to rotate the cable connector until the mark on the connector is pointing up so it plugs in easily. Figure 1-8.
Adjusting the Keyboard Angle You can change the angle of the keyboard by adjusting the legs on the bottom. Turn the keyboard over and lift each leg upward until it locks into place, as shown below. You lock the legs into a low or high position, or leave them flat. Figure 1-9.
Do not leave a beverage on top of or next to your system or any of its components. Spilled liquid can damage the circuitry of your equipment. Do not attempt to dismantle any part of the computer. Only remove the cover to install and remove optional devices. Note If you ever have to remove the main system unit cover, observe the following precautions: l l The power supply cord must be unplugged before the main system unit cover is removed(Separe le cordon d’alimentation et puis enleve le couvercle.
Power Switch Figure 1-10. Power Switch The power indicator on the front panel lights up. After a few seconds, the computer starts to perform an internal self test. This is a series of checks the computer completes each time you turn it on to make sure everything is working correctly. If anything is wrong, an error message appears on the screen.
The computer continually updates this display as it tests its memory. This test takes about 15 seconds to complete. You may see a message similar to this: This means that the computer is not yet set up for the equipment you have installed and you must run the Setup program, described in Chapter 2. For now, press the Fl key on the upper left comer of the keyboard to acknowledge the message and continue.
computer’s memory before you can run any program, such as a word processing program or a spreadsheet program. The Command Prompt After the computer has loaded MS-DOS from the hard disk, you see the MS-DOS command prompt on the screen: The command prompt tells you that your computer is ready to receive instructions. It also identifies the current operating drive: A or C, for example. The command prompt appears on the screen whenever you load MS-DOS, complete an MS-DOS command, or exit an application.
To copy them, you need eleven 1.2MB highdensity, 5¼-inch diskettes. Follow these steps: 1. The C:\ > prompt should be on the screen. If not, type C: and press Enter. 2. Type the following and press Enter: The screen displays this message: 3. Insert the MS-DOS diskette in drive A, as shown on the next page. Hold the diskette with the label facing up and the read/write slot into the drive.
Figure l- 11 Inserting a Floppy Disk 4. Press any key. The DISKCOPY program copies the contents of the MS-DOS diskette to the computer’s memory, and then you see the following: 5. Remove the MS-DOS diskette and insert a blank diskette (which is to be the target diskette) in drive A. Then press any key. If the diskette is not formatted, the DISKCOPY program formats it. Then the program begins copying the data from the computer’s memory to the formatted diskette.
6. Press Y so you can make a copy of another MS-DOS diskette. Again, you see the prompt to insert the source diskette. 7. Remove the copy of the MS-DOS diskette which you just made and insert the another MS-DOS diskette into drive A. Then press any key. Follow the prompts on the screen to make a copy of this diskette as you did for the first MS-DOS diskette. 8. When you finish copying the last diskette and the prompt appears, press N to return to the MS-DOS command prompt C:\ >.
CONTROL-ALT-DEL (Keyboard Reset) Press the CONTROL key and the ALT key at the same time. While holding these keys down, press the DELETE key, then release all three keys. This will reset your computer without running the full self-test diagnostics. The POWER Switch Turn the main system POWER switch off, wait ten seconds, then turn it back on. The computer will then run the complete self-test diagonistic routine. Caution! Any time you RESET your computer, the memory will be cleared.
Chapter 2 The CMOS Setup Program Introduction The Setup program keeps a record of the host computer’s system parameters (such as memory amounts, disk drives, video displays, and peripheral devices). Setup resides in the Read Only Memory Basic Input/Output System (ROM BIOS) so that it is available each time the host is turned on. Setup stores the information in the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) memory.
Using setup Immediately after the memory test, you will get the following prompt on the screen depending upon the type of BIOS you have : Hit key to get into the Setup Mode If you hit key, a menu appears on the screen giving you the option to: 2-2 The CMOS Setup Program
Use and keys to set the reverse video cursor on the option you want to select and use < Enter > to get into the option. This means that the SETUP program options have been set at the factory. Since there were no errors detected, the computer tried to load MS-DOS from the floppy disk drive, before you have inserted the MS-DOS main system diskette. For now ignore this message.
Set the reverse video cursor on the “RUN CMOS SETUP” using and < Down $ > and press . Then the screen will be replaced by the following. This screen is the SETUP MENU. This lists the parameters you can change with the SETUP program. A solid cursor bar highlights the parameter currently available to be changed. You can use the following key conventions.
< Enter> ......................... < ! >< " > .................. < PgUp > < PgDn > .......... < E S C > .......................... < Ctrl > < Alt > ... proceed to next step moves the selection bar scrolls allowable settings exit and save CMOS register exit without save Parameters Date and Time Setup The first entry in the Setup screen is current date. A calendar has been provided for the user to facilitate him in this procedure.
Hard Disk Drive Setup Drives C: and D: are the hard disk drives in the system, 46 drive types have been defined by AMI. If for some reason or other your particular drive is not one of the 46 pre-defined types, simply scroll down to type 47 and enter the following drive specifications: cylinders, heads, WPcom, LZone, and sectors. Please consult the documentation received with the drive for the specific values that will give you optimum performance.
l Low speed Select this option is to boot your system with 1OMHz CPU speed when turning the power on. Special memory This parameter is used to boost your system’s performance by loading the BIOS and/or VIDEO controller code into the RAM space between 640K and lM-byte. The options are: l l l l None Select this option is you are not going to use shadow RAM. Shadow Use this parameter to copy the system BIOS and Video BIOS into RAM.
EXTENDED PERIPHERAL SETUP When you scroll down to this parameter, the following message will be displayed on the right size of the Setup message. Peripheral Setup IDE interface: Enabled On-B/D FDC: Enabled Mouse : Enabled Serial : COMl Parallel : LPTl l l l l 2-8 IDE interface The system has on-board IDE that can be enabled by SETUP. This IDE provides two hard disk chip selects. If any HDC though bus exists, user must disable on-board IDE.
l Parallel The system provides one parallel port that can be selected as LPTl or LPT2 by SETUP. If enabled parallel port makes conflict with off-board parallel port, on-board parallel port is disabled and display the message for conflict. Leaving the Setup Program When you have completed the changes, press the < ESC > key.
Chapter 3 Using Your Computer This chapter covers the following basic procedure for using your computer: Changing the operating speed Using special keys on the keyboard Stopping a command or program Using disks and disk drives. Changing the Operating Speed Your computer can operate at two speeds; 8MHz or 20MHz. At 20MHz, the computer performs all tasks faster, and almost all programs may be run at 20MHz. However, some option cards and application programs require the slower speed.
l Ctrl-Alt- < + > Hold down the < Ctrl > and < Alt > keys and press < + > on the numeric keypad to place the system in high speed. Changing the operating speed may be performed with the TriGem Utility TGSS.COM. This program is located on the MS-DOS diskette supplied with the system. You can find the detailed description of TGSS.COM in your MS-DOS User’s Guide. Special Keys on your Keyboard Certain keys on your keyboard serve special functions when your computer is running programs.
Key Purpose F1-F12 Perform special functions within application program (Some keys also function with MS-DOS. See your MS-DOS Reference Manual for more information.) Tab Moves the cursor one tab position to the right in normal mode (and one tab position to the left in shift mode when using some application programs.) Ctrl Works with other key to perform special (control) functions, such as editing operations.
Key Purpose Sys Req Produces the system request function in certain applications. PrtSc Prints the screen display on a dot-matnx printer. Home, End, PgUp, PgDn !#$" Control cursor location in some applications. such as word processors, game programs, and spreadsheets. Ins Turns the Insert function on and off in some application programs. Del Deletes the character at the cursor position.
Stopping a Command or Program You may sometimes need to stop a command or program while it is running. Many application programs provide a command you can use to stop or even cancel (undo) an operation. If you have entered an MS-DOS command that you want to stop, try one of the following commands: Hold down the Ctrl key and press C Hold down the Ctrl key and press Break These methods may also work in your application program.
Care for your diskettes and diskette drives Insert and remove diskettes Write-protect diskettes Make backup copies of your diskettes Use a single diskette drive Use a hard disk drive How Disks Store Data The diskette you insert in your computer’s diskette drive is made of flexible plastic, coated with magnetic material. It is enclosed in a square jacket. Your computer stores data on the diskette by recording on the magnetic surface. Unlike a diskette, a hard disk is rigid and fixed in place.
A disk is further divided by sectors. To understand what a sector is, picture the spokes on a bicycle wheel radiating from the center of the wheel to the tire. The space between one spoke and the next is like a sector on a diskette. (See the figure below.) Each track on a 1.2MB diskette has 15 sectors, and each sector holds 512 bytes. Figure 3-3. Sectors and Tracks Your computer uses the read/write heads in a disk drive to store and retrieve data on a disk.
Types of Diskette Drives Your computer has at least one 1.2MB diskette drive. With this drive, use 5¼-inch, double-sided, highdensity, 96 TPI, 1.2MB diskettes. These diskettes contain 80 tracks per side, 15 sectors per track, and hold up to 1.2MB of information, which is approximately 500 pages of text. You can also format these diskettes for 360KB — see your MS-DOS Reference Manual for more information. In addition, you may have a diskette drive of a different type.
Drive and diskette incompatibilities Because of the size difference, you cannot use 3½-inch diskettes in a 5¼-inch drive or vice versa. There are also certain limitations on using diskettes that are the same size as the drive but have different capacities. The following tables summarize the possiblities and limitations. 5¼-inch drive/diskette compatibility Drive type Diskette types it can read from and write to 360KB 1.2MB 180KB, or 360KB 180KB. 360KB. or 1.
Because of these incompatibilities, you should indicate the density and diskette type when you label your diskettes. (Usually this information appears on the manufacturer’s label.) If you have any combination of the above drives (36OKB, 1.2MB, 72OKB, or 1.44MB), you can copy files from one drive to another — using the COPY or XCOPY command — as long as the correct diskette type is in each drive. You can use these commands to copy files between the hard disk and any type of diskette.
Keep diskettes away from magnetic fields. (Remember that diskettes store information magnetically.) There are many sources of magnetism in your home or office, such as electrical appliances, telephones, and loudspeakers. Do not place diskettes on top of your monitor or near an external disk drive. Never touch a diskette’s magnetic surface. The oils on your fingertips can damage it. Always hold a diskette by its protective jacket.
Never turn off the computer when the hard disk drive light is on. This light indicates that the computer is copying data to or from the hard disk. If you interrupt this process, you can lose data. Never attempt to open the hard disk drive. The disk itself is enclosed in a sealed container to protect it from dust. Inserting and Removing Diskettes To insert a diskette into the drive, hold it with the label facing up and the read/write slot leading into the drive, as shown below. Figure 3-4.
If a diskette is in the drive but the latch is up (horizontal) and you enter a command for that drive, the computer cannot tell there is a diskette in the drive and displays an error message such as: Close the latch and press R. To remove the diskette, turn the drive latch up until it is horizontal and the edge of the diskette pops out. Carefully pull out the diskette, place it in its protective envelope, and store it in a proper location, such as a diskette container.
To remove a 3½-inch diskette, press the release button to release it. When the edge pops out of the drive, pull out the diskette and store it properly. Write-protecting Diskettes You can write-protect a diskette to prevent its data from being altered. When a diskette is write-protected, you can read it and copy data from it, but you cannot store new data on the diskette or delete any files it contains. If you try to change data stored on a write-protected diskette, MS-DOS displays an error message.
On a 3½-inch diskette, the write-protect device is a small switch on the lower-right comer on the back, shown below. To write-protect a 3½-inch diskette, slide the switch toward the edge of the diskette until it clicks into position, exposing a hole in the comer. Figure 3-7. 3½" Diskette & Write-Protect SW To remove the write protection, slide the switch toward the center of the diskette so the hole is covered. Making Backup Copies It is important to make copies of all your data and system diskettes.
Chapter 1 describes how to use DISKCOPY to copy your MS-DOS diskette. For more detailed information to make backups of other diskettes, refer to Chapter 4 “Using MS-DOS with your computer”. It is best to put most of the programs and data files you use regularly on the hard disk. Keep backup copies of all your program files on diskettes, however, and regularly copy important data files to diskettes as well.
Using the Hard Disk Drive You can create and revise files on a hard disk just as you can on a diskette. The hard disk, however, provides several advantages: The 20MB hard disk can store more data than 16 x 1.2MB diskettes and the 4OMB hard disk can store twice as much. Your computer can perform all disk-related operations faster. You can store all your frequently used programs and data files on the hard disk, eliminating the inconvenience of inserting and removing diskettes to access different files.
Backing up hard disk files While the hard disk is very reliable, it is essential to back up your hard disk files to diskettes in case you lose some data accidentally. Make copies of all your system and application program diskettes before copying the programs to the hard disk. After you create data files on the hard disk, be sure to copy them to diskettes whenever you revise them to keep your backup diskettes up-todate. You can see the more detailed information of backing up hard disk files in Chapter 6.
You see a message on the screen that tells you the disk drive’s read/write heads will remain locked until you reset the computer or turn the power off and on again. The computer locks the heads and disables the keyboard. You can now turn off the computer and prepare to move it to the new location. The TGSHIP command should be run whenever you are going to move the main system unit.
Chapter 4 Using MS-DOS With Your Computer Once you have your computer system “up-and-running,” you may begin to work with MS-DOS. Virtually all application software available for IBM PC/XT and PC/AT-compatible computer systems runs “under” MS-DOS. Therefore, in order to use these programs, you need to learn how to use MS-DOS. This chapter will give you a basic understanding of MS-DOS and provide you with the basic tools you need run application software on your computer system.
MS-DOS Diskettes Your MS-DOS software package contains of the following items: One MS-DOS Install Diskettes One MS-DOS Select Diskette Three MS-DOS Operating Diskettes One MS-DOS Shell Diskette The MS-DOS User’s Guide & User’s Reference The MS-DOS Shell User’s Guide Begin the installation procedure by placing the MS-DOS Install diskette in the A drive and turning your computer on. Disk Drive Letters The various disk drives on your computer are assigned letters.
To insert a diskette into the drive: Open the drive door If you haven’t already done so, remove the protective cardboard insert from the drive. Gently insert the diskette into the drive entry slot with its label facing up, and the write protect notch to the left. When the diskette is all the way in, close the drive door by turning the door latch handle down. To remove a diskette from a floppy disk drive: Be sure the drive indicator light is off Turn the door latch to open the drive.
Starting MS-DOS Skip this section if MS-DOS 4.01 has already been installed on the optional hard disk drive. To start MS-DOS 4.01 on a floppy disk-based system (that is, on without a hard disk drive), follow these steps given below. For a detailed description of how to start MS-DOS 4.01, consult the Getting Started section in your MS-DOS 4.01 User’s Guide. Remove the MS-DOS Install diskette from its protective envelope and insert it into the A drive. Close the disk door and turn your computer on.
If your computer has a hard disk drive, and MS-DOS has been installed, simply turn your system on. Your computer will perform its self-test diagnostics and display the DOS Shell menu screen. Notice that the words “Command Prompt” are highlighted by a solid bar. This is a DOS Shell option that allows you to work directly with MS-DOS. Your computer system is now “running under DOS”. For now, press ENTER to run the Command Prompt option.
This is the system prompt. When it is displayed, it means that MS-DOS is waiting for you to tell it what to do. This is done by typing a DOS command, then pressing the ENTER key. Cursor Following the system prompt, you will see a blinking underline ( _ ) character. This is the “cursor”. The cursor shows you where the next character you type will appear on the screen. As you can see, any command you type will appear immediately to the right of the system prompt and on the same line.
backing up a hard disk, etc. These commands require one or more of the MS-DOS diskettes. Hard disk system user’s can run any DOS command without diskettes because the programs are stored on the hard disk drive. Case Sensitivity MS-DOS does not differentiate between upper and lower case letters in commands and filenames. This manual will show commands in upper case for clarity, but you may enter them either way.
— F2 key Copies the entire buffer up to the next character you type — F3 key Copies the entire buffer to the command line — F4 key The opposite of F2, deletes all characters from the buffer up to, but not including, the next character you type — F5 key Moves the current line you are typing into the buffer without ENTERing it — F6 key Places an “end-of-file” marker when you copy from the monitor to a disk file — ESC key Cancels the current command line without changing the buffer — INS key Inserts characters
The BACKSPACE key on your keyboard works just like a backspace key on a regular typewriter: it moves the cursor back one position. In addition, however, it erases the last character typed. Press the BACKSPACE key as many times as necessary to erase the typing mistake, then type out the command correctly. For instance, type the following (but do not press ENTER): Press the BACKSPACE key twice to erase the I and the R. Retype: Then press the ENTER key.
Default Drive MS-DOS will only look at one disk drive at a time. Normally, this is the “default” drive. You can tell which disk drive is the current default drive by looking at the system prompt. For example: indicates that the A drive is currently the default drive. Unless you specify otherwise, MS-DOS will direct any disk activity to the A floppy disk drive. You can easily change the default drive with an internal DOS command.
From the A> prompt, try the command: The computer will respond: Press ENTER after you insert the diskette into the drive, then the system prompt will be: If you have a dual floppy disk drive system, the second, or “B” drive is now the system default drive, as indicated by the new system prompt. If performed on a single drive computer system, this command will still change the system prompt to B>, even though there is only one physical drive present. The BIOS “pretends” there are two disk drives present.
Write down the MS-DOS version number on each diskette label. This will avoid confusion later if you upgrade your operating system to a new version. As you finish copying and checking each MS-DOS master diskette, peel the correct label off of the backing paper and place it on the upper left-hand side of the front face of the new diskette. The following procedures will show you how to make backup copies of your MS-DOS master diskettes on both single and dualdrive systems.
The “SOURCE” diskette is the disk that you will be copying from. Insert the MS-DOS master diskette into the A drive. Press any key, such as the SPACEBAR. The floppy disk drive will be activated, and your computer will display: The contents of the disk are being read into your computer’s memory. After a few moments, the following message will appear: When the drive indicator light goes out, remove the MS-DOS master diskette from the floppy disk drive. Insert a new, blank diskette into the drive.
For now, type N. The system prompt will reappear. To compare the backup diskette with the original, you will use the DISKCOMP command. Enter the command at the system prompt: The computer will respond: Remove the backup diskette from the drive, and put it in its protective jacket. Set it aside for a moment, making sure that you don’t mix it up with the second blank diskette. Put the original “master” MS-DOS main system diskette back into the floppy disk drive, then press the SPACEBAR key.
Remove the master MS-DOS diskette from the floppy disk drive, and put it in its protective envelope. Take out the backup copy diskette, insert it into the disk drive, and press the SPACEBAR key. The computer will read the contents of the backup diskette, and compare them with the copy of the master diskette that it has stored in memory. If the information on the two diskettes is identical, the computer will respond: Compare another diskette (Y/N)? Type N to return to the system prompt.
Copying on Dual Drive Systems To make backup copies of your MS-DOS diskettes on a dualdrive system, follow the instructions below: First, turn your computer on and boot up MS-DOS. Choose the Command Prompt option from the DOS shell menu. The system prompt will appear. Enter the following command: This command indicates to MS-DOS that you want to copy the contents of a diskette in the A drive to a new diskette located in the B drive. The following message will be displayed: from.
Close both drive doors. Press any key, such as the SPACEBAR. The A drive will be activated, and your computer will display: The contents of the disk are being read into your computer’s memory. After a few moments, the following message will appear: For now, type N. The system prompt will reappear. To compare the backup diskette with the original, you will use the DISKCOMP command.
When the computer is finished comparing the diskettes, the drives will turn off, and the following message will appear: Type N to return to the system prompt. If there is a problem with the backup diskette or if you put the wrong diskette into the drive by mistake, the computer will respond: After you have confirmed that the backup diskette is a good copy of the master MS-DOS diskette, you may put your master diskette away in a safe place and put the label on the backup diskette.
From now on, when this manual refers to the “main system diskettes,” use the backup MS-DOS diskette. In the same way that you can keep information grouped together in manila folders, MS-DOS organizes data into files. While you may store these folders in a cabinet, your computer stores these files on disks. Separating information into files allows you to work with that information more efficiently.
A data file containing a written report can’t do anything by itself. On the other hand, a word processor is useless without documents to work on. Filenames and Extensions Needless to say, each file on a disk must be uniquely identifiable. To achieve this, MS-DOS requires that you name every file you create, as you create it. In order to be able to manipulate files easily, MS-DOS has certain rules that you must follow when naming files.
(dollar sign) (percent sign) (ampersand) (parenthesis) (minus sign or hyphen) (brackets) (underline character) The following are examples of allowable filenames: JANUARY CHAPTER.001 MEMO.APR MAYSALES. %&$ $$_SALES.OCT These filenames are valid because none of them are too long, and only legal characters have been used. The following are examples of illegal filenames, along with an explanation: 3RDQUARTER.SALES This is too long.
NEW EMPL.LTR This would be rejected by MS-DOS because of the space in the filename. Certain filename extensions have been set aside so that MS-DOS can recognize program files. These are: COM (for COMMAND file) EXE (for EXECUTABLE file) BAT (for BATCH file) Program files should always have one of these three filename extensions. Data files should never use these reserved extensions. They can, however, use any other extension.
Disk Directories MS-DOS keeps track of the files stored on your disks by maintaining a “directory” on each disk. These directories are listings of the filenames and extensions, along with certain information about the files themselves, such as when the file was created or updated last. The DIR Command MS-DOS provides a simple command that allows you to look at the directory of any particular disk. This is the DIR command.
The information presented by the DIR command is as follows: The filename & extension The file sire (in bytes) The date the file was created or last updated The time the file was created or last updated The number of files listed in the directory The number of unused bytes of space remaining on the disk See the MS-DOS User’s Guide for details. File Searches You can also use the DIR command to search for specific files on a disk.
Multiple Disk Drive Systems The DIR command can be used to read the directories of other drives in your system, if any are installed. For instance, to read the directory of the B drive, when you are logged onto drive A, enter the command: The computer will display the directory of the diskette inserted in the B drive. A similar command: will cause the computer to display the directory of your hard disk. Note that in both examples, the A drive remains the default drive.
The computer will display the B drive diskette’s directory, then remain logged to the B drive. Wildcards Quite often, when dealing with disk files, you may find yourself looking through directories for a particular file or group of files. MS-DOS has a way to help you sort out those files you want without having to read through the entire directory listing. This is through the use of “wildcard” characters. Wildcard characters are used to make a single command cover a number of similarly named files.
Application Software Now that you know how to make backup copies of your diskettes and how to work with MS-DOS, you can proceed to use application software. Most software packages come with detailed instructions for their set-up and use. These instructions will often ask you to use the information in this chapter to find specific files in the disk directories, or back up the master diskettes provided with each package.
Chapter 5 Using Floppy Disks Description Your computer works with a large electronic memory array called RAM. This stands for Random Access Memory. Your system’s RAM is actually an array of electronic circuits. As long as the computer is powered up, this circuit array will “remember” whatever is placed in it. When you turn the power off, however, these circuits will “forget.” Therefore, you need some way of retaining your programs and data after you turn the system off.
How Floppy Disks Work Floppy disks, or diskettes, are made from a flexible plastic that is coated with a magnetic oxide. The floppy disk drive encodes this oxide with the data generated by the computer. After you turn your system off, unlike electronic RAM, the encoded oxide retains this data. Your data can then be read by the floppy disk drive at a later time. The magnetic oxide coating on the floppy disk will hold its encoded data almost indefinitely unless you deliberately erase it.
Formatting Diskettes When you get a new carton of diskettes, they ‘are not yet ready to be used. First, they must be prepared to accept data. This is called “formatting” the diskette. MS-DOS uses the same formatting method regardless of the computer used. This is one of the keys to intermachine compatibility. Since all PC-compatible computers use MS-DOS, they can read all disks created by any other PC-compatible machine.
When you type F (for failure) the computer will automatically cancel the attempt and will return display the following message. Remove the unformatted disk from the drive. The FORMAT Command MS-DOS provides an external command program called FORMAT.COM, that will format your blank diskettes. When running this program, there are options available that allow you to format several different types of diskette. The following routines will show you how to use the FORMAT command.
Insert the new diskette to be formatted and press the ENTER key. The computer will display: The formatting process takes a minute or two. The computer will wait until the formatting process is complete, then display: Press ENTER if you don’t want to have a label of your disk. Then the screen will display the following message. Don’t be concerned if the message displayed is slightly different from the example. Enter N to return to the system prompt. The new disk is now formatted and is ready for use.
Option Switches To format 180K-byte single-sided, singledensity diskettes in the computer’s high capacity disk drive, enter the FORMAT command using the /l and /4 option switch: The computer will proceed to format the diskette. Upon completion, you will see this message: The following screen will be appeared if you press ENTER. (If you want to have a volume label, type the characters and enter.
The /4 option switch is used to format 36OK-byte doublesided, doubledensity diskettes in the computer’s high capacity disk drive. To do this enter the command: The computer will proceed to format the diskette. Upon completion, you will see this message: Press ENTER not to have a label of your disk. Then the screen will display; Enter N to return to the system prompt. Remove the diskette from the drive and place it in its protective envelope.
Formatting a diskette allows you to use it by providing predetermined locations for certain files used by MS-DOS. Once formatted, the disk directory space is created, as well as additional areas reserved for use by MS-DOS. One of these areas is the File Allocation Table, or FAT. This part of the diskette contains a list of all of the files on the disk, and where they are physically stored on the diskette. The other area is the system area.
If your system does not have a hard disk drive you would normally boot the system up from the MS-DOS system files. The DISKCOPY command copied these files when you created the backup copy of the master diskette. Sometimes, though, you may want to create a “boot disk” that doesn’t have all of the external DOS commands on it. For instance, you may want to make an “autoboot” copy of an application software diskette.
Enter N to return to the system prompt. Then enter: The directory listing should appear similar to the following: Copying Files If you have a dual drive system, it is easy to copy program and data files from one diskette to another. This involves the internal MS-DOS command, COPY.
Put the “source” diskette in drive A, and the “target” diskette in drive B. At this time, you may want to check the directories of both diskettes in order to make sure you will not overwrite a file on the target diskette with the same name as the one you want to copy. Once you sure its safe to copy, enter the COPY command with the following format: For example, to copy the file “MAYSALES.
To perform the operation in reverse, that is, to copy from the B drive to the default drive, enter the command: Note that this time, you were required to enter the source drive letter before the filename. This is because, in this example, drive B is not the default drive. However, since no drive letter was specified for the target drive, MS-DOS copied the file onto the default, or in this case, A drive. It is also possible to copy a file between two disks when neither one is the default drive.
will copy all files about MAYSALES to the B drive. A final example: will copy all of the files on a diskette in the A drive to the hard disk drive. This command is useful when backing up diskettes containing data files.
Chapter 6 Using Your Hard Disk Depending on the model, your computer system can be expanded to include an optional hard disk drive. This chapter will give you a basic understanding of its operation and show you how to configure it. Information is also provided on how MS-DOS works with your hard disk drive. What is a Hard Disk Drive? As mentioned in Chapter 5, “Using Floppy Disks,” your computer uses an electronic memory array called RAM.
Second, a hard disk holds much more information than a diskette. The “high-capacity” diskettes used in your computer can only hold a little over one million bytes. The hard disk can hold up much more data than a floppy disk. Finally, as mentioned above, a hard disk is much faster than a floppy disk drive. The main reason for this is that the hard disk platters are rigid, allowing them to be rotated at a much higher rate than floppy diskettes, which have to move relatively slowly so as to avoid damage.
To begin, boot up your system using your MS-DOS as explained in Chapter 4, “Using MS-DOS”. After setting the data and time, enter this command: If the computer responds with: enter: If a directory listing is displayed, even if there are no files shown, it means that your hard disk system has already been partitioned and formatted. You will see the COMMAND.COM file at the top of the directory listing if the MS-DOS active routines have been loaded onto the hard disk.
Changing Your SETUP Before you can partition and format your hard disk, you have to let your computer know that you have one. This is done with the SETUP program. Once you have determined that your hard disk is “clean,” that is to say neither partitioned nor formatted, you should enter the SETUP program. Turn your computer on. When you see the following message, < DEL > key. Move the cursor to the RUN SETUP option and press Enter. The system displays the Setup Menu.
Move the screen cursor bar down to the Hard Disk C parameter. Using the PgUp and PgDn keys, scroll through the options to disk type number matched with your hard disk. If you select the type number 17 for 41MB RLL or MFM type hard disk, it provides the following information under the right hand headings: This should match the information provided with your hard disk drive. Other hard disk drives may require a different disk type number.
Partitioning Your Hard Disk After the DOS Shell screen appears, select the Command Prompt option. At this point your are ready to partition your hard disk drive.
Press ENTER to choose the default selection, “Create a DOS Partition.” The FDISK menu will disappear, and be replaced by: To create a single MS-DOS partition for your entire hard disk drive, select the default option (#l) by pressing ENTER.
To reserve the entire hard disk for MS-DOS, press the ENTER. FDISK now displays the following message: It is common to use FDISK to create an MS-DOS partition that takes up the entire hard disk drive and then make that partition bootable. Now that you have completed these tasks, you can restart your system using your MS-DOS Install diskette. Make sure the MS-DOS install diskette is in the A drive, then press the ENTER key. Your system will now reboot.
If your hard disk needs to be formatted, begin by selecting the Command Prompt option from the DOS shell. Enter the following command: The floppy disk drive indicator will come on for a few seconds, while the FORMAT command is loaded into memory. When the light goes out, the computer will display: You should already have made sure that there is no information stored on the hard disk that you want to save. Press Y to begin formatting. The formatting process takes several minutes.
The /S switch in the FORMAT command caused the active portions of MS-DOS to be loaded onto the system area of the hard disk. At this point you can boot the system from the hard disk. Organizing Your Hard Disk This section provides you with a sample directory structure for use with your hard disk. It will provide step-by-step instructions that will create several files and subdirectories.
you are ready to begin. First, you will create several subdirectories. These will be used shortly to contain useful files. Begin by entering the command: The MD command is a short form of MKDIR. This internal DOS command creates a subdirectory under the directory you are currently in. Since your computer boots up in the hard disk root directory, the command you just entered created a subdirectory named DOS4 under the root directory.
Just as MS-DOS commands usually look at the “current” disk drive, they also look at the current directory. Since you can change the current, “logged” disk drive, you would expect to be able to change the current, logged directory. You can, using the CD (CHDIR) command.
You have just moved to the DOS4 subdirectory. The two
entries indicate that you are currently logged onto a disk subdirectory. The period (.) entry represents the current directory, while the double period (..) entry represents the parent directory for the current subdirectory. These shorthand entries allow you to move up and down through a directory tree rapidly. To see how these shortcuts work, enter the command series: You will see that you are back in the hard disk root directory.Insert the MS-DOS Install diskette into the A drive. Close the door, then enter: This command will copy the entire contents of the MS-DOS Installdiskette into the DOS4 subdirectory on the hard disk. When the copying process is complete, your computer will display the following message: Using the DIR command, run a directory to verify that you have copied the MS-DOS Install diskette.
This command will remove the COMMAND.COM file from the DOS4 subdirectory. Since the file is available in your hard disk ro directory, it is not necessary to include it in the DOS4 subdirectory. Later, as your hard disk gets filled up with application software program and data files, the disk space saved by deleting such duplicate files might become useful. Repeat the copy procedure described above for the remaining disks in the MS-DOS package.
Backing Up Your Hard Disk It is highly recommended that you make back up copies of your valuable hard disk files regularly. Because hard disk drives are fragile, they can sometimes be damaged. It is also possible to erase some or all hard disk files through the use of incorrect FORMAT and COPY commands. Backing up your files is the only way you can be sure that you don’t lose information you may have spent months or even years gathering.
When you back up your hard disk using BACKUP, the first thing to do is to format enough blank disks to hold the backed up files. Once you start the BACKUP routine, you won’t want to stop the program to format more diskettes. BACKUP takes time, even on a high speed computer. Stopping the BACKUP command before completion usually means that you would have to start the process over again. Therefore, make sure you have enough formatted diskettes before you start.
This file contains the BACKUP command program. As mentioned above, this file is provided on your MS-DOS Install diskette. You can run the program from the floppy disk drive or from the hard disk, if you have copied the file into a subdirectory on the hard disk. To back up the entire hard disk, start by changing the system default drive to the hard disk. Enter: Next, make sure you are in the root directory of the hard disk. Enter: Now, make sure your diskettes are formatted and ready.
In both examples, the A: portion of the command tells MSDOS that you want to start the backup routine with the root directory of the hard disk, and store the backup files on diskettes in drive A. The final /S switch tells MS-DOS to back up all of the subdirectories on the hard disk in addition to the root directory. For a more detailed explanation of the MS-DOS BACKUP command, see your MS-DOS User’s Guide.
enter: If a directory listing is displayed, even if there are no entries, it means that your hard disk system is ready to receive files. If the active routines of MS-DOS have been loaded on to the hard disk, you will see the COMMAND.COM file at the beginning of the directory listing. If the computer responded to the A > C: command with: it means that MS-DOS can’t “find” the hard disk drive.
Now set the system default drive letter back to drive A by entering: The computer will respond by displaying: Make sure your MS-DOS Install diskette is inserted into the A drive. Enter the following command: The RESTORE command file will be read from the MS-DOS Install diskette. The A: C:\ in the command tells MS-DOS that you will be restoring files from diskettes in the A drive to the hat-d disk root directory.
Chapter 7 Expanding Your System As you get more familiar with your computer system, you will probably want to add hardware to it. This can include additional disk drives, printers, modems, memory expansion boards, etc. This chapter addresses the installation of some of the most common devices.
Modems External disk drives Your computer is designed to communicate with peripherals by way of the connectors on the rear panel of the main system unit. The connectors are called “ports,” and allow information to be sent back and forth between the system CPU and a peripheral device. Your keyboard and your video monitor connect to the main system unit by way of two specialized ports. The keyboard is connected to the “Keyboard port” on the rear panel of the main system unit.
Note Your computer is referred to as a 386SX computer. This means that the micro processor can manipulate 32 bits of data at a time over the 16 parallel data lines and address over 16MB of memory. Serial Ports There are two basic kinds of general purpose I/O (Input/Output) port. One kind is a “serial” port, where data bits are sent one at a time along a single wire, in series. Additional wires are used to send control signals between the transmitting and receiving devices.
MS-DOS uses labels to refer to the various I/O ports on your computer. The RS232C serial port is assigned the “COM1” (Communications port #l). Additional serial ports can be added to your computer, which MS-DOS would label COM3, COM4, and so on. Parallel Ports Unlike serial ports, parallel ports allow your computer to communicate one entire byte at a time. Eight wires are included in the cable to permit the transmission of each of the eight data bits simultaneously.
your voice are different from those used by your computer, a modem is used to “translate” your digital information to a signal that can be sent over the telephone lines. Internally mounted modems are attached to a circuit board that will be installed inside your main system unit. These modems can communicate directly with the system CPU through your computer’s internal circuitry. The telephone line is plugged into a socket located on the rear panel of the modem.
System Expansion And Upgrades This section deals with the addition of expansion boards and products to your computer’s main system unit. Although most expansion products are provided with detailed instructions for their installation and use, it is recommended that you read through this section in order to familiarize yourself with some of the basic principles of expanding your computer.
Stop! When you remove the main system unit cover, observe the following precautions: The power supply cord must be unplugged before the main system unit cover is removed. (Separe le cordon d’alimentation et puis enleve le’couvercle.) Once removed, the cover must be replaced and screwed in position before the power supply cord is plugged back in. (Apres le couvercle a enleve, visse le couvercle en place et remettre le cordon d’alimentation.
Opening and Closing the Cabinet The procedure for opening the main system unit cabinet is as follows: 0 Unplug the video monitor AC power and signal cables from their rear panel sockets. Set the monitor safely aside. 0 Unplug the keyboard and set it aside. 0 Unscrew the screws on the rear panel of the unit and set them aside. 0 Carefully, slide the main system unit’s cover towards the front of the unit. Continue sliding the cover forward until it can be removed completely. Set the cover aside.
Later, to close the unit, follow these steps in order: Make sure all the system and expansion boards are properly seated in their connectors, and have had their mounting screws tightened down. Make sure all the internal cables have been properly connected and arranged neatly. Wires should not be pinched or caught between chassis parts or circuit boards. Carefully slide the cover back onto the main system unit, being careful not to damage the cables.
Installing Circuit Boards Most of the expansion products you will be installing into your computer are circuit boards. Like the system boards installed at the factory, expansion boards are plugged into the main system unit’s mother board. There are expansion boards available for a wide variety of functions. The most common expansion boards provide such functions as extra I/O ports, high resolution video graphics and system memory expansion.
Open the main system unit cabinet and set the configuration jumpers on the system motherboard to match the new hardware arrangement. You will be able to do this without removing the system motherboard from the main system unit chassis, although you may need to unplug the disk drive ribbon cable from its connector to allow easy access to the jumpers. Figure 7-3.
Disconnect any internal cables that may be in the way. As you do, make a note of their correct locations and orientations for later reattachment. Unscrew the retaining screw for the slot guard, and set it aside. Mount the expansion board into the slot by gently sliding the board into the slot. If the board is long enough to reach the card guide mounted on the front panel support flange, slide the board down the center groove of the guide.
INCORRECT ELECTRICAL RESTRICTIONS Figure 7-4. Installing the Option Card in an Expansion Slot Check the board’s alignment to make sure it is straight and level. If necessary, move the board slightly to align the hole in the top of the mounting bracket over the screw hole in the main system unit’s rear panel flange. Install the hold down screw that you removed earlier. Reconnect any internal cables that were disconnected earlier.
Disk Drive Compartments To install expansion devices such as additional floppy disk drives into the main system unit’s disk drive compartments, follow the procedure given below. First, make yourself familiar with the specific installation procedure for the expansion device by reading all of the documentation provided. Then, remove the main system unit cover as described previously. Select the drive compartment where you will install the expansion device.
Figure 7-5. Mounting the Floppy disk drive If you are to mount the internal hard disk drive inside the main system unit case, follow the steps below: Remove the cover from the main system unit, as described previously. Attach the hard disk drive next to the Floppy disk drive on the right side of the system. Screw the hard disk drive on the system using 4 screws. Connect the hard disk drive controller cables (power cable and signal cable) to the drive. Replace the main system unit cover.
Figure 7-6.
Appendix A Specifications Computer System l Operating Temperature : 41° to 95°F (5° to 35°C) l Storage Temperature : -5° to 140°F (-15° to 60°C) l Operating Humidity : 20% to 80% (no condensation) l Storage Humidity : 10% to 90% (no condensation) l Compatibility : IBM PC/AT l Power Supply : 85W. 115 Range: 100 - 125VAC, 2.2A, 50/6OHz 230 Range: 200 - 240VAC, l.
l l Dynamic RAM (with parity) : lM-bytes, expandable 32M-bytes on Motherboard (8Ons, fast page mode) 256KB SIMM (256K * 9 bit) 1MB SIMM (1M * 9 bit) 4MB SIMM (4M * 9 bit) Floppy Disk Drive Support : 2ea - 360K, 720K, 1.2M or 1.
l Memory Bank Configurations l BIOS ROM : 64K-byte (150ns) 2ea Specifications A-3
l Video RAM Memory Size Resolution Colors Remarks 256KB (256 * 4,2ea) 512KB (256 * 4, 4ea) 640 * 480 1024 * 768 16 16 Standard Max.
I/O Address Map Hex range Device 000-01 F 020-03F 040-05F 060-06F 070-07F 080-09F 0A0-0BF 0C0-0DF 0F0 0F1 OF&OFF 378-37F 3F0-3F7 3F8-3FF 8237A-5 DMA Controller #1 8259A Interrupt Controller #1 8254-2 Timer 8042 Keyboard Controller Real Time Clock NMI (Non-Maskable Interrupt) Mask 74LS612 DMA Page Register 8259A Interrupt Controller #2 8237A-5 DMA Controller #2 Clear Math Coprocessor Busy Reset Math Coprocessor Math Coprocessor Parallel Printer Port on Board Floppy Disk Drive Control on Board Serial Port
Appendix B System Motherboard Figure B-l. System Motherboard This appendix provides configuration and interface information for this board. You may skip this appendix if you are not installing expansion products that require changing the motherboard’s configuration jumper settings. Hardware Settings The system motherboard provides a set of switches to set the system configuration. These are located at various points on the board. These switch settings control the system configuration settings.
When you turn the system power on, the system CPU will compare these settings with the information stored in its configuration RAM as part of the diagnostic routines. If any inconsistencies are found, they will be shown on the display monitor before MS-DOS is loaded. At that time, you will be prompted to run the SETUP program to change the options stored in the configuration RAM. It is important that these settings describe the actual equipment installed on your computer system. Figure B-2.
Removing The Motherboard In order to change the settings defined by these switches, it will be necessary to remove the system motherboard from the chassis. To do this, follow these steps, referring to Chapter 7, “Expanding Your System,” where necessary: Unplug all of the cables from the rear panel of the main system unit. Remove the main system unit cover.
Figure B-3. Installing the Motherboard Switches Once the motherboard is out of the chassis, proceed to set the configuration switches to match the changes in the system hardware. The Table B-l lists the switch settings SW ON OFF SW1-1 SW1-2 SW1-3 SW1-4 Color *COM2 Mono Disable Disable Korean SW2 1-2, 5-6 2-3, 4-5 *COM1 English Function VGA Monitor type select Serial port select Language Select Onboard VGA Disable Onboard VGA Enable * You should select only one of both COM1 and COM2 port.
VGA Display Adapter Your system is capable of supporting three major types of video configurations: l l l Using only the on-board VGA video display adapter Using only an add-on video display adapter Using both the on-board and an add-on video display adapter There is a switch selection required to properly configure the video display you are using. SW2 enables or disables the on-board adapter. The SW2 should be set to whenever the on-board adapter is enabled.
Connectors The system motherboard is provided with a number of connectors for communication with other parts of the computer system. These connectors are discussed below. For pinout information on these connectors, see Appendix C, “Connector Pinouts.
Expansion Slots — J2, J4, J6, and J8 on the backplane board The system backplane board which is connected to 120pin edge connector contains four expansion slots as follows: l Four 16-bit slots for PC/AT boards or 8-bit PC/XT boards Keyboard Port - J4 The keyboard connector J4, is a 5pin DIN connector for keyboards that are compatible with the IBM AT keyboard. Parallel Port - J7 Connector J7 on the system board provides a standard Centronics 25pin parallel interface.
Power Connector - J1 The system board requires four DC voltage: +12V, -12V, +5V, and -5V. The power connector respectively supplies power to the system board and to the six expansion slots. IDE Interface Connector - J8 You use this 40 pin connector with IDE type Hard disk drive. VGA Video Connector J11 This system provides the on board VGA connector J11 which requires an analog or multisync monitor with a 15-pin connector. Mouse Connector J10 Connector J10 is to use the PS/2 type 6-pin mouse.
Appendix C Connector Pinouts I/O Ports RS-232C Serial port (9-pin subminiature “D” connector): Pin # I/O Type: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Input Input output output Ground Input output Input Input Signal Name: Carrier Detect (CD) Receive Data (RD) Transmit Data (TxD) Data Terminal Ready (DTR) Signal Ground (GND) Data Set Ready (DSR) Request to Send (RTS) Clear to Send (CTS) Ring Indicator (RI) Connector Pinouts C-1
Centronics-compatible parallel printer port (25-pin subminiature “D” connector): Pin # l/O Type: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18-25 Input output output output output output output output output output output output N/A Input l/O Input Input Ground Signal Name: -strobe Data Bit 0 Data Bit 1 Data Bit 2 Data Bit 3 Data Bit 4 Data Bit 5 Data Bit 6 Data Bit 7 -Acknowledge Busy Paper Out select -Autofeed -Error -Initialize Printer -Select Printer GND Keyboard Port (S-pin mini “DIN” connector) Pi
IDE Port Pin # Signal Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 -Reset Ground Data 7 Data 8 Data 6 Data 9 Data 5 Data 10 Data 4 Data 11 Data 3 Data 12 Data 2 Data 13 Data 1 Data 14 Data 0 Data 15 Ground Key Not Connected Ground -10W Ground -10R Ground Not Connected -ALE Not Connected Ground IRQ 14 -IOCS 16 Al Not Connected A0 A2 -CS0 -CS1 -Active Ground Connector Pinouts C-3
Power Supply Connector (12-pin post header) Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Signal Name Power Good Signal +5 Volts +12 Volts -12 Volts Ground Ground Ground Ground -5 Volts +5 Volts +5 Volts +5 Volts PS/2 Mouse connector (J10) (6-pin mini DIN PS/2-type connector) Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 C-4 Connector Pinouts Signal Name Data +5 Not Connected Ground Not Connected Clock
Figure C-l. Expansion Slot Connectors Expansion Slot Connectors Your computer comes with industry standard IBM compatible expansion slots. There are five AT-style (98 pin) expansion slot connectors mounted on your system mother board. The charts below show the pin numbering on the expansion slot connectors.
Expansion Slot Connector Pinouts: Pin # I/O Type: Signal Name: A-l A-2 A3 A-4 A-5 A-6 A-7 A-8 A-9 A-10 A-11 A-12 A-13 A-14 A-15 A-16 A-17 A-18 A-19 A-20 A-21 A-22 A-23 A-24 A-25 A-26 A-27 A-28 A-29 A-30 A-31 Input I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/0 I/O Input Output l/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/0 I/O I/O I/O I/O -l/O CH CK SD7 SD6 SD5 SD4 SD3 SD2 SD1 SD0 -l/O CH RDY AEN SA19 SA18 SA17 SA16 SA15 SA14 SA13 SA12 SA11 SA10 SA9 SA8 SA7 SA6 SA5 SA4 SA3 SA2 SA1 SA0 C-6 Connector Pino
Expansion Slot Connector Pinouts (continued): Pin # I/O Type: B-l B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 B-6 B-7 B-8 B-9 B-10 B-11 B-12 B-13 B-14 B-15 B-16 B-17 B-18 B-19 B-20 B-21 B-22 B-23 B-24 B-25 B-26 B-27 B-28 B-29 B-30 B-31 Ground output Power Input Power Input Power Input Power Ground output output l/O I/O output Input output Input I/O output Input Input Input Input Input output output output Power output Ground Signal Name: GND RESET DRV +5 VDC IRQ9 -5 VDC DRQ2 -12 VDC OWS +12 VDC GND -SMEMW -SMEMR -IOW -IOR -DACK3 D
Expansion Slot Connector Pinouts (continued): Pin # I/O Type: C-l C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-8 C-9 C-10 C-11 C-12 C-13 C-14 C-15 C-16 C-17 C-18 D-l D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-6 D-7 D-8 D-9 D-10 D-11 D-12 D-13 D-14 D-15 D-16 D-17 D-18 l/O I/O I/O I/O l/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O l/O I/O I/O I/O l/O Input Input Input Input Input Input Input output Input output Input output input output Input Power Input Ground C-8 Connector Pinouts Signal Name: -SBHE SA23 SA22 SA21 SA20 SA19 SA18 SA17 -MEMR -MEMW SD8 SD9 S
