Copyright © 2006 EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, be it electronically, mechanically, or by any other means such as photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. (EXFO). Information provided by EXFO is believed to be accurate and reliable.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide CableSHARK P3 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 1048835 November 2006, Rev. 0 S/W: 3.91 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... I PATENT INFORMATION ...............................................................................................................IX SECTION 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 5.1 SELF TESTS AND RESETTING THE CABLESHARK .................................................................... 25 5.1.1 Self Tests...................................................................................................................... 25 5.1.2 Resetting the CableSHARK.......................................................................................... 25 5.2 CONNECTING THE CABLESHARK TO THE LINE ..................................................................
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 RETURN LOSS ................................................................................................................ 61 SHDSL DATA RATE PREDICTION .................................................................................... 61 4 WIRE XTALK ................................................................................................................ 61 ISOLATION TEST OR STRESS LEAKAGE TEST...........
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.4..NOISE MEASUREMENTS ....................................................................................................... 106 8.4.1 Setting up a Noise Test .............................................................................................. 107 8.4.2 Running a Noise Test ................................................................................................. 112 8.5..LONGITUDINAL BALANCE TEST .................................................................
CableSHARK P3 User Guide SECTION 12 RESISTIVE FAULT LOCATION .................................................................. 189 12.1 RESISTIVE FAULT LOCATION (RFL) TESTING ....................................................................... 189 12.1.1 Setting up for a RFL Test ......................................................................................... 190 12.1.1.1 Disconnecting the Station Battery and the Customer ....................................................... 190 12.1.1.2..
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier SECTION 16 16.1 16.2 K-TEST ...................................................................................................................... 237 Setting up a K-test .................................................................................................... 237 16.2.1 16.3 K-TEST .......................................................................................................... 237 Disconnecting the Station Battery and the Customer ........................
CableSHARK P3 User Guide SETTING UP A NEW CONNECTION WITH VISI-SHARK ...................................................... 285 J.4 J.4.1 Setup Connection Via COM Ports .............................................................................. 286 J.4.2 Connecting Through a Network via Ethernet.............................................................. 288 J.4.3 Connecting Through a MODEM ................................................................................. 289 J.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier viii
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Patent Information The End-to-End DMT test used by the EXFO CableSHARK is patent protected. ADSL Data Rate Prediction (End to End): United States Patent # US 6,445,773 B1 September 3, 2002 ADSL Data Rate Prediction (End to End): Canada Patent # 2,297,871 December 28, 2004 The Single-Ended DMT test used by the EXFO CableSHARK is patent pending.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier x
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 1 Introduction The EXFO CableSHARK P3 VF/DSL Cable Qualifier (called CableSHARK hereafter) is designed to measure frequency response and perform time domain reflectometry on twisted pair telecommunication cable in the local subscriber loop. These measurements determine the capability of the cable to carry digitized xDSL technology.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier but use of the optional CableSHARK softpack case offers enough protection against damage. A Samsonite carrying case is also available as an optional accessory. It is a lightweight briefcase style unit. Be certain when unpacking the instrument that you identify all of the pieces that have been shipped with the unit. Also, inspect the instrument for damage during shipment.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 2 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Overview The need for faster and cheaper Internet access, video-on-demand, simplex video, remote LAN access and interactive multimedia by residential and business customers alike has been a driving force in the creation of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technologies.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier ISDN uses a 2B1Q line coding (2 Binary, 1 Quaternary) to represent information. 2B1Q maps two bits of data into one quaternary symbol. (for example, onto four voltage levels at a regular clocking rate). High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line - HDSL is a symmetric DSL similar to T1 or E1 in that it delivers a bit rate of 1.544 or 2.048 Mbps of bandwidth. Most systems use two copper twisted pairs, although some early 2.048 Mbps systems required three copper twisted pairs.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Figure 2C – ADSL Architecture For service providers and customers alike, ADSL allows users to use their existing phone line to have both high-speed Internet access as well as regular (including vital life-line) Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS). ADSL signals are able to co-exist on the same loop with POTS service because they occupy a higher frequency band than does POTS. ADSL typically will use the band of about 25 kHz to 1.104 MHz while POTS uses 300 Hz to 3400 Hz.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Figure 2D – Asymmetric Nature of ADSL There are actually 32 bins allocated for Upstream and up to 250 bins allocated for Downstream; 250 can only be used with echo cancellation. For the most part, however, DMT implementations will use 218 bins for Downstream. Guard bands that separate the POTS signals from the ADSL signals use some of the possible carrier allocations. There is also a guard band between the upstream and downstream carriers.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide DMT standards suggest that equipment can use up to 15 bits/bin to encode data per sub-channel. However, using the maximum 15 bits/bin may result in the ADSL modems having to transmit at a higher power than would be practical or allowed in a cable bundle. For the most part, ADSL makers have limited their designs to use 13 or 14 bits/bin. This lowers the power transmitted between modems and maximizes the reach of transmission without compromising potential data rates.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier SHDSL is designed to be more of a business solution than a residential service due to its symmetry. It can be used as a T1 / E1 replacement technology and is also well suited for VoDSL solutions. SHDSL has been developed to be spectrally compatible with other technologies within bundles of local loops. SHDSL owes this to the Trellis Coded Pulse Amplitude Modulation (TC-PAM) line coding.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 3 Time Domain Reflectometry Overview Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) is a cable testing technique that is used to detect faults along power transmission lines. Using this technique, voltage pulses are sent out over the line and voltage reflections caused by cable abnormalities are monitored. Reflection times are measured from the reflection location on the cable to the TDR device, which is attached to one end of the cable. TDR technology can be compared to sonar.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Figure 3B - A Pulse Reflection indicates a load coil at 500 ft (152 m) TDR’s can use various methods of testing to determine the location of problems along the length of the cable under test. Impedance is a major player. The TDR equipment looks for a change in impedance which could be caused by improper installation, cable damage (caused by water, etc.), end of cable, and a bridged tap. The magnitude of the impedance changes determines the amplitude of the reflection.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Not all cables are the same, hence the variations in VOP. Conversely, not all local loops are the same. Some local loops are longer than others and susceptibility to noisy environments varies. All signals on these loops, regardless of cable length or environment, are subject to attenuation. Attenuation affects both transmitted and reflected signals and, if the signal-to-noise ratio is low enough, impairments may not be identifiable.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E CHG F E 1.000 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.250 0.000 0.000 -0.250 -0.250 -0.500 -0.500 -0.750 F -0.750 -1.000 0.0 1250.0 Cursor position = 2500.0 ft Marker position = 2195.3 Cursor / Marker Delta = 304.7 ft 2500.0 3750.0 300 ns Pulse Width: Press or -1.000 0.0 1250.0 Cursor position = 2195.3 ft Marker position = 0 Cursor / Marker Delta = 2195.3 ft 5000.0 to move cursor Reflections at ft(dBRL): 2195.3 (24.2-), 2500.0 (32.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E CHG F E 1.000 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.250 0.000 0.000 -0.250 -0.250 -0.500 -0.500 -0.750 -0.750 -1.000 0.0 2500.0 2995.2 ft Cursor position = 0 Marker position = Cursor / Marker Delta = 2995.2 ft 5000.0 7500.0 Pulse Width: Press or 10000.0 300 ns to move cursor Reflections at ft(dBRL): 1998.7 (33.8+) ZOOM IN VERT ZOOM IN HORIZ -1.000 0.0 1250.0 3999.4 ft Cursor position = Marker position = 0 Cursor / Marker Delta = 3999.4 ft 2500.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 14
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 4 Physical Features and Power Supply 4.1 Physical Features of the CableSHARK 4.1.1 The Front Panel The illustration below shows the front panel features of the CableSHARK. These features are described following the illustration. 1 2 3 CableSHARK P3 VF/DSL Cable Qualifier 4 + - MAIN MENU E 5 F 1 CableSHARK P3 C opyri gh t C on su ltronic s Lim ited 20 00 - 200 6 So ftw are Versi on 3.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 3. Power On LED This LED indicates the ON/Off status of the CableSHARK. It also shows the status of the internal battery and the condition of the charging circuit. 4. Power On/Off Button This push button switch turns the instrument on or off. 5. Contrast Controls Adjusts the contrast of the LCD display. The contrast required will depend on the lighting conditions of the environment. Battery life will be enhanced if the LCD Backlighting is turned off when not needed (i.e.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 4.1.2 The Rear Panel The illustration below shows the back panel features of the latest CableSHARK. Each item is described following the illustration. 1 2 3 18 V DC IN - 2 WIRE LINE Tx / Rx 4 RS232/V.24 SERIAL ETHERNET + RJ45 RJ11 GND RING GND RING TIP TIP Rx (AUX.) 5 6 7 8 Figure 4.1.2A – The CableSHARK’s Rear Panel 1. Power Connector for AC Adapter Provides connection of the CableSHARK to the power mains via the AC adapter provided with the unit.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 3. Serial Communication Port (Male) The 9-pin connector provides serial communication with a computer. The CableSHARK can download its results to a terminal program or be remote controlled via the optional Microsoft Windows® based Visi-SHARK program. This port is also used to upgrade the software version resident within the CableSHARK. 4. Ethernet 10BaseT Port The Ethernet connector provides high-speed communication with a computer.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 MNEMONIC N.C. RD TD DTR SG DSR RTS CTS N.C. DIRECTION ----TO CableSHARK FROM CableSHARK FROM CableSHARK COMMON TO CableSHARK FROM CableSHARK TO CableSHARK ----- Terminal End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Adapter Connection 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DESCRIPTION Not Connected RECEIVED DATA TRANSMITTED DATA DATA TERMINAL READY SIGNAL GROUND DATA SET READY REQUEST TO SEND CLEAR TO SEND Not Connected CableSHARK End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Figure 4.1.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier TIA/EIA T568A * use for connections between CableSHARK and the network. TIA/EIA T568B * use for connections between CableSHARK and a PC. Green Pair 3 Orange Pair 2 Green Pair 3 Blue Brown Pair 1 Pair 4 Network (non-PC) CableSHARK End TX+ 1 Orange Blue Pair 2 Pair 1 1 RX+ TX+ 1 Green 2 RX- TX- 2 Orange / White 3 TX+ RX+ 3 4 Blue 4 4 5 Blue / White 5 5 RX+ 3 RX- 6 Orange 6 TX- 7 Brown / White 7 7 8 Brown 8 8 Figure 4.1.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 4.2 Powering the CableSHARK 4.2.1 The CableSHARK’s External Mains Adapter The CableSHARK gets power from an external mains adapter which can operate at voltages from 100 V.A.C to 240 V.A.C and frequencies from 50 to 60 Hz. The AC mains adapter is automatic and requires no selection for different line voltages and frequencies. The CableSHARK also has an internal NiMH rechargeable battery.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier CAUTION: Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacture’s instructions. Charging: It is recommended that charging of the battery be performed between 0 to +400C. 0 Storage and Self-discharge: It is recommended that storage of the battery is done between –10 to +50 C. Long-term storage has no permanent effect on battery capacity.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide positioned to the inside of the battery compartment. In some CableSHARK’s, this may require some maneuvering to position the connector in place. The excess battery wire should be carefully inserted into the side slot of the battery compartment. Install the battery in the compartment; replace the battery cover and tighten the two slotted screws in place. Return the old battery to EXFO for recycling.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 24
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 5 General Operating Instructions The CableSHARK is easy to operate, with a simple to understand top panel consisting of a large 640 x 480 graphic Liquid Crystal Display, eight function buttons, menu control buttons, alphanumeric keypad, contrast controls, easy access connectors at the rear, and a power on/off button. To begin operation, press the power button for 2 seconds to turn the unit on and the screen will display the “MAIN MENU” after a brief self-test sequence.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 5.2 Connecting the CableSHARK to the Line The CableSHARK P3 VF/DSL Cable Qualifier is used to qualify copper telco cable of the local loop to see if it is suitable to carry Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technologies. The CableSHARK can be configured to perform Single-Ended (one unit) and End-to-End (two units) tests. The following sections will describe how to connect the CableSHARK P3 VF/DSL Cable Qualifier to the line for each of these tests. 5.2.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 5.2.2 Single-Ended Testing The CableSHARK can perform Single-Ended tests on a copper telco cable to see if the line can carry DSL technologies such as ADSL2+, SHDSL, and VDSL. Frequency Response (Single-Ended selected), Time Domain Reflectometry, Digital MultiMeter, Power Spectral Density and Impulse Noise tests are examples of single-ended tests with the CableSHARK. For single-ended tests, ensure that the cable to be tested is not match-terminated at the far end.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier CableSHARK P3 VF/DSL Cable Qualifier + - E F 1 Copyright Consultronics Limited 2000 - 2006 Software Version 3.86 2 A B C 4 G H I 5 J K L 6 7 P R S 8 T U V 9 3 * 0 Q Z D E F M N O W X Y # 13:16:20 CABLE TESTS F1 AUTO TESTS F2 AUTO SETUP F3 RUN STOP F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 CableSHARK DSLAM Figure 5.2.2A - Examples of Circuit where Single Ended Measurements can be used 5.2.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Figure 5.2.4A- Example of High Voltage Detection Screen 5.3 Saving and Recalling Results Test results can be saved to and recalled from the CableSHARK’s non-volatile internal memory in addition to an optional USB Memory. A user can save up to 128 results into internal memory and over 1000 results to a 16 Mbyte USB Memory. 5.3.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E F CHG dB 0.0 dB 0.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 4 503 1003 Attenuation = 38.10 dB Cursor Position = 1263.56 kHz 1502 Press or 2001 kHz to move cursor Enter using keypad. Use <-> complete. to move cursor. Singlevalue end frequency response test (for 3995 ft) SHOW ENTER REF SAVE/ INSERT PRINT ZOOM CLEARIN HORIZ LINE DELETE ZOOM IN USE VERT LAST TEST SETUP MAIN MENU Figure 5.3.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 5.3.2 Recalling Results From the Main Menu, a user can recall results that have been saved to the CableSHARK’s non-volatile internal memory or from optional USB Memory. Press the function key on the Main Menu corresponding to RECALL RESULTS. The CableSHARK will display all results currently saved into the units memory as well as those stored on the optional USB Memory if it is installed.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E CHG F RECALL SESSION Noise R (MEM) APR 17, 2001 14:29:06 Noise (USB) APR 19, 2001 09:11:54 Noise COPY/ RENAME DELETE REF ON/OFF TEST0NSD TEST0.NSD TEST1.NSD RECALL SHOW ALL MAIN MENU Figure 5.3.2B- Recall Screen: Sort By Test To view all saved results at this point, press the function key associated with SHOW ALL. Note that the CableSHARK will display 16 results per page.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 5.3.3 Renaming and Deleting Results The CableSHARK will allow a user to rename and delete results stored internally and on a USB memory device. By pressing the COPY/RENAME button from the RECALL SETUP screen, users can rename a file. By pressing the DELETE button from the RECALL SETUP screen, users will be prompted to decide whether to delete the currently highlighted file, to delete ALL results in internal memory or to delete ALL results on the USB memory device.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E CHG F RECALL SESSION ALL R (MEM) APR 16, (MEM) APR 17, (USB) APR 19, (USB) APR 19, COPY/ RENAME 2001 08:15:36 TDR 2001 14:29:06 Noise 2001 09:11:54 Noise 2001 10:09:01 FR DELETE TEST0.TDR TEST0.NSD TEST1.NSD 1234-5.FRQ REF ON/OFF RECALL SORT BY TEST MAIN MENU Figure 5.4A – Setting a file as a Reference Mask Any result can be set up as a REFERENCE MASK.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E F CHG dB 0.0 dB 0.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 4 503 1003 Attenuation = 38.10 dB Cursor Position = 1263.56 kHz 1502 Press or 2001 kHz to move cursor Single end frequency response test complete. (for 3995 ft) SHOW REF SAVE/ UPLOAD ZOOM IN HORIZ ZOOM IN VERT TEST SETUP MAIN MENU Figure 5.4.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E R (MEM) APR 17, 2001 14:29:06 Noise CHG TEST0.NSD Select a session using the arrow keys SHOW REF PREVIOUS SCREEN Figure 5.4.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E F CHG dB 0.0 dB 0.0 20.0 20.0 The 40.0 REFERENCE MASK level 60.0 shown to the right of the Test Result 80.0 Level 40.0 60.0 80.0 4 503 1003 Attenuation = 38.10 dB / 18.42 dB Cursor Position = 1263.56 kHz 1502 Press or 2001 kHz to move cursor Single end frequency response test complete. (for 3995 ft) HIDE REF SAVE/ UPLOAD ZOOM IN HORIZ ZOOM IN VERT TEST SETUP MAIN MENU Figure 5.4.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 5.5 Industry Standard Test Loops ADSL, HDSL, and ISDN modems are generally designed to operate on Industry Standard Test Loops. It is quite possible to have a real local loop, which is shorter (distance) than one of the various test loops (see Appendix A - Ideal Cable Results) and not have error free transmission. This is usually caused by: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bridge taps, Load coils, Uneven pair twisting Bad splices, Water in cable, etc.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 6 Main Menu Once the unit is powered on and the self-test sequence has been completed, the Main Menu will appear on the screen. At the bottom of the screen, various commands associated with the units’ various function buttons are located. The command selection at the bottom of the screen consists of up to seven major options available to the user. See the illustration below.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier AUTO TESTS Allows access to the individual Automatic tests available on the CableSHARK. VF AUTO POTS: Performs an automatic test on an active POTS circuit VF AUTO NO POTS: Designed for testing a circuit for POTS capabilities but is not currently provisioned for POTS or there is no POTS service currently on the line.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide RECALL RESULTS The function button associated with RECALL RESULTS invokes the RECALL SETUP screen, allowing users to recall saved results found in non-volatile RAM or on a PC Memory card. Selecting the function button displaying a wrench calls up the SYSTEM SETUP menu and it allows the user to set global system parameters such as Date, Time, Communication Parameters (baud rate, data rate, parity, modem initialization string) and Keyboard Backlight options.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier SELECT NEXT value is correctly selected to save any changes. More parameters can be changed at this point, or press MAIN MENU to return to the Main Menu. For parameters that are preset in the CableSHARK (i.e. Baud Rate), the user can press the function key related to SELECT NEXT to step forwards through the available options for a specific highlighted parameter. Press ENTER when the value is correctly selected to save any changes.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide MAIN MENU E F CABLE T ESTS DIGITAL MULTIMETER TESTS DMT FREQUENCY RESPONSE TDR FDR NOISE LONGITUDINAL BALANCE LOAD COIL SPECTRAL DETECTIVE RETURN LOSS SHDSL RESISTANCE FAULT LOCATOR K-TEST 4 WIRE XTALK ISOLATION GROUND RESISTANCE VF TESTS RINGER DETECTION * AUTOTEST-14 AUTOTEST-12 VOLTAGE RESISTANCE CAPACITANCE CURRENT (V,R,C,I) (V,R,C) (V) (R) (C) (I) CableSHARK P3 Co pyri gh t C o nsu ltron ic s L im ited 20 00 - 2 00 6 So ftw are Versi on 3.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier TDR: Time Domain Reflectometry - Selecting TDR from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu invokes the TDR SETUP menu. The TDR determines if the copper cable is suitable to carry DSL technologies by locating potential faults along the line such as a bridge tap or end of cable. Similar to FDR. FDR: Frequency Domain Reflectometry - Selecting FDR from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu invokes the FDR SETUP menu.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide RESISTANCE FAULT LOCATOR: The function button associated with RESISTANCE FAULT LOCATOR invokes the RFL SETUP screen. This test allows users to determine the distance to a short, ground or battery cross by using a separate good pair to evaluate the faulty pair against. K-TEST: The function button associated with K-TEST invokes the K-TEST SETUP screen. This test allows users to determine the distance to a short, ground or battery cross by using a single pair of wires.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 6.2 Responder Mode Selecting RESPOND. MODE from the Main Menu invokes the REMOTE RESPONDER mode. This is used for End-to-End tests where the unit that has the RESPOND. MODE activated will only transmit signals to a Receiving unit. It is the Receiving unit that will display the test results. The illustration below shows the Responder Mode screen. E CABLE TESTS CHG F MAIN MENU Figure 6.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 6.3 Recall Results Selecting RECALL RESULTS from the Main Menu invokes the RECALL SETUP screen. Users can recall saved results from non-volatile memory or from USB memory. See Section 5.3.2 for more information. 6.4 The System Setup Menu Selecting the Wrench ( ) option from the MAIN MENU (see Section 6) displays the SYSTEM SETUP menu and it enables the user to set global system parameters such as Date, Time, Baud Rate and Keyboard Backlight options.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier return to the Main Menu. Time: To change the Time setting, use the Arrow Keys to move the cursor so that the current Time value is highlighted. Use the Alphanumeric Keypad to enter the desired value. The format is hhmmss meaning 2 digit hour (24 hour clock) followed by the 2 digit minute and then followed by seconds (2 digits). Press ENTER when the value is correctly entered to save your changes.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Auto Shut Off (min): Allows the user to specify the length of time after the last key press that the unit will automatically turn off to conserve the battery. Available options are 0 (continuous operation) up to 60 minutes in 1 minute increments. Press ENTER when the value is correctly entered to save your changes. More parameters can be changed at this point, or press MAIN MENU to return to the Main Menu.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier being placed in. Contact your IT department for an IP address to use. External Cap. Detection: If the External Capacitance Detection parameter is YES the cable length is estimated taking into account the external capacitance. If the External Capacitance Detection parameter is NO the cable length is estimated using the actual readings. If some capacitance is connected to the end of the cable (i.e. telephone, modem, etc.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E CHG F Unit Serial Number: CSK3xxxx 20010423 xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx Install New Key: VIEW DETAIL INSTALL NEW KEY MAIN MENU Figure 6.4B – The Options Menu To install a new option, a special software key needs to be input by pressing the INSTALL NEW KEY button. An EDIT box will appear in which the user will need to input the key using the alphanumeric keypad. Press the CableSHARK alphanumeric keys to enter the Software KEY.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 52
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 7 Quick Start Guide to CableSHARK Tests 7.1 Introduction xDSL implementation can be affected by signal attenuation, signal cancellation due to reflections caused by bridge taps, crosstalk noise, impulse noise and random electrical noise from the environment. To qualify a circuit for an xDSL application, or when a circuit has a problem with the cable impairments, CableSHARK allows the user to perform various tests for the cable qualification or troubleshooting purposes.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 4. 5. 6. Press the RUN / STOP button located on the front of the unit to initiate the TDR test. Once the AUTO TDR finds any valid reflection, up to four reflections could be plotted on screen. The TDR test will automatically place the cursor at the initial rising slope (leading edge) of a major reflection.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 7.3 Frequency Response Tests The Frequency Response test is used to indicate the frequency response of the twisted copper pair cable. Frequency Response test can be run End-to-End or Single-Ended; both are explained in Section 7.3.1 and 7.3.2. 7.3.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier for all CableSHARK end-to-end tests. Press the function button associated with Main Menu to exit out of the Remote Responder mode. Setting up the Receive (Rx) unit 1. 2. 3. From the Main Menu, select CABLE TESTS (function button F1). Choose Frequency Response from the pop-up menu. Modify the Test Type parameter to End-To-End Rx and set the other parameters as required. Press the RUN / STOP button to start the End-To-End Test.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 7.4.1 Single-Ended DMT Test (Optional) Note: This is a Single-Ended test The Single-Ended DMT Test is a predictive test where the results display are extrapolated from measured results obtain before graphing. 1. 2. 3. 4. From the Main Menu, select CABLE TESTS (function button F1). Choose DMT Test from the pop-up menu. Press the RUN/STOP key. For Test Type, select ADSL FROM CUSTOMER (was ADSL CPE) and an ADSL Evaluation of ANSI FULL RATE/POTS.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The Rx unit will calibrate itself first and then try to synchronize with Tx unit. Once both units are synchronized, the test will be carried out. The whole process is automatic. When a test is completed, the CableSHARK’s large graphical display will show the results of the DMT test. The user can then move the cursor to get all the information presented both graphically and numerically.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 1. 2. 3. 4. From the Main Menu, select CABLE TESTS (function button F1). Choose LONGITUDINAL BALANCE from the pop-up menu. Test Type is Long Bal Near End, and set Term Impedance as required. Press the RUN / STOP button to start the Longitudinal Balance Test. When a test is completed, the CableSHARK will display the longitudinal balance characteristics of the cable. The ANSI T1.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier To repeat the test, press the RUN/STOP button. You can also change option settings if you wish by pressing the function button associated with TEST SETUP. 7.8 Spectral Detective Note: This is an optional Single-Ended test. The CableSHARK’s Spectral Detective is a PSD noise test that uses a high impedance bridge to measure an active circuits PSD to ensure it meets with spectral compatibility guidelines. 1. 2. 3. 4. From the Main Menu, select CABLE TESTS (function button F1).
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 7.10 Return Loss Note: This is a Single-ended test. The Return Loss measurement is useful in determining the affect of impedance mismatches. 1. 2. 3. From the Main Menu, select CABLE TESTS (function button F1) Choose RETURN LOSS from the pop-up menu. Press the RUN / STOP button to start the test. The results will be displayed on screen in an easy to understand format. Values between 50 to 60 dB are considered excellent. 30 to 50 dB is considered good.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 4. Press the RUN / STOP button to start the test. The results will be displayed on screen in an easy to understand format. Users will be able to a plot of the effects of crosstalk. To repeat the test, press the RUN/STOP button. You can also change option settings if you wish by pressing the function button associated with TEST SETUP. 7.13 Isolation Test or Stress Leakage Test Note: This is a Single-ended test.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Figure 7.14A – ADSL Auto Test Results 7.15 SHDSL Auto Test Note: This is a Single-ended test. The SHDSL Auto test quickly evaluates a cable to see if it is acceptable for SHDSL based on pre-defined PASS / FAIL criteria. The SHDSL auto test will perform a DMM test, Longitudinal Balance, Load Coil test, Capacitive Imbalance, SHDSL bit rate test, and a TDR test. 1. From the Main Menu, select SHDSL AUTO (function button F3). This test will take place automatically.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Figure 7.15A – SHDSL Auto Test Results 7.16 VF Auto Test Note: This is a Single-ended test. The VF Auto test quickly evaluates a cable to see if it is acceptable for voice frequencies based on predefined PASS / FAIL criteria. The VF Auto test will perform a DMM test, Load Coil test, a Capacitive Imbalance test and a Longitudinal Balance test. If a Load Coil is found, the distance to the Load Coil is given. 1. 64 From the Main Menu, select VF AUTO (function button F4).
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Figure 7.16A – VF Auto Test Results 7.17 Ground Resistance Test Note: This is a Single-ended test. The CableSHARK’s Ground Resistance (also known as Station Ground) test allows technicians to verify that correct grounding rules are being followed at the location under test.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 7.18 Resistance Fault Locator (RFL) Resistance Fault Locator (RFL) testing is a powerful measurement that is able to locate shorts between tip to ring, tip to ground or ring to ground. These faults can be called shorts, grounds or crosses. The RFL measurement used by the CableSHARK is referred to as a “separate good pair” test. This means the user must have a good pair to compare against. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 7.20 Ringer Detection The CableSHARK Ringer Detection Test measures the Ringer Equivalency Number (REN) of a circuit. The REN is impacted most by telephones and modems connected to the circuit. The Service Provider will only be able to supply enough current to the user to support 5.0 REN. Most new residential telephones measure at <1.0 REN. 1. 2. 3. 4. From the Main Menu, select CABLE TESTS (function button F1). Choose RINGER DETECTION from the pop-up menu.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 68
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 8 In Depth Guide to Cable Testing with the CableSHARK The following sections describe the measurements that the CableSHARK is capable of performing. Some measurements will be optional based on the CableSHARK software package installed, therefore may not be applicable to your unit. 8.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E Test Type : Result Scaling : Term Impedance : CHG F END TO END RX ADSL - 2208 kHz 100 OHMS WARNING ! Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set. EDIT / SELECT SELECT NEXT MAIN MENU Figure 8.1.1A - Frequency Response Test Setup Menu The Frequency Response Test Setup menu has several options that appear at the upper part of the screen (see the previous illustration).
CableSHARK P3 User Guide MAX. CAP. IMBALANCE (%): Allows the user to specify the maximum capacitive length imbalance between T-G and R-G. The default setting is 10%. Setting of Imbalance can be from 0.1% to 100% where 100% is the worst case scenario. If the imbalance is greater than the user defined setting the CableSHARK will not complete the test and will report “Measurement not possible. Tip and Ring wires are substantially different lengths.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Here are some examples of typical VOP values for various telephone cables, given for insulation type and wire gauge / size. : Pulp AWG 22 AWG 24 AWG 26 0.6 mm 0.5 mm 0.4 mm VOP = 0.68 (102 m/μs) VOP = 0.67 (100 m/μs) VOP = 0.66 (99 m/μs) Jelly Filled AWG 19 0.9 mm AWG 22 0.6 mm AWG 24 0.5 mm AWG 26 0.4 mm PIC AWG 19 AWG 22 AWG 24 AWG 26 0.9 mm 0.6 mm 0.5 mm 0.4 mm VOP = 0.72 VOP = 0.67 VOP = 0.66 VOP = 0.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide CAPACITANCE nF/mi or nF/km: Allows the user to specify the cable’s capacitance constant. See Appendix B for more information on loop characteristics. RESISTANCE Ohm/mi or Ohm/km Allows the user to specify the cable’s resistance constant. See Appendix B for more information on loop characteristics. ATTN at 300kHz dB/mi or dB/km Allows the user to specify the cable’s attenuation constant. See Appendix B for more information on loop characteristics.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.1.2 Running a Frequency Response Test Once the test is set up, press the RUN/STOP key located on the front panel of the CableSHARK. A screen similar to Figure 8.1.2A will appear. The layout of the screen shows a graphic and numeric representation of the information received by the CableSHARK. The graph’s vertical scale depicts the relative Attenuation Level or Insertion Loss (in dB) and the horizontal scale depicts frequency (kHz).
CableSHARK P3 User Guide command selection at the bottom of the Frequency Response Test screen consists of seven options available to the operator. The following are brief descriptions of each of the function button options: SHOW REF Pressing the function button corresponding to SHOW REF allows a user to overlay a REFERENCE MASK over the test result on screen to compare the two. See Section 5.4 for more information about the REFERENCE MASK feature.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier MAIN MENU Select the function button corresponding to MAIN MENU to return to the Main Menu. 8.1.3 Examples of Frequency Response Test Results E F CHG E F CHG dB 0.0 dB 0.0 dB 0.0 dB 0.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 4 555 1106 Attenuation = 5.24 dB Cursor Position = 301.875 kHz 1657 Press or SAVE/ UPLOAD ZOOM IN HORIZ 555 1106 Attenuation = 8.78 dB Cursor Position = 301.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.2 Time Domain Reflectometry Testing Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) allows the user of the CableSHARK to easily identify faults (if any) along a given section of cable. Results can be displayed in feet, meters, or nanoseconds. This test is extremely useful in locating bridge taps (multiple appearances) and the end of the cable.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 8.2.1A – MANUAL TDR TEST SETUP MENU The TDR Test Setup menu has several options that appear at the upper part of the screen (see the previous illustration). The parameters can be modified to customize a TDR Test. The following describes the TDR test setup options: TEST TYPE: This option can be set to AUTO – CABLE END, AUTO – BRIDGE TAP, MANUAL, or MANUAL – 4 WIRE. AUTO – CABLE END is an automatic search for any valid reflection(s) denoting the end of the cable.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide HORIZONTAL UNITS: The horizontal units on the graph once the test is run can be displayed in FEET, METERS, or in NANOSECONDS. The initial setting is reflective of the selected option under Measurement Units under System Setup. SMOOTHING: An anti-aliasing filter that smoothes out the reflected and measured pulse to allow for easier interpretation of the results. GRAPH SCALE: The Graph Scale setting selects the horizontal scale for displaying the test result.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier and Sine full wave. A Square wave is useful for detecting impairments close to a user. A Sine Half wave and a Sine compensated (50% and 75%) wave are useful for midrange faults. A Sine full wave pulse is excellent for locating impairments up to 20,000 ft away from the user. VERTICAL GAIN: Allows the user to specify a vertical gain factor to apply to the TDR result. The default setting is 0 dB (1X). The available options are 0 dB, 12 dB, 24 dB, and 36 dB.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide The following are brief descriptions of each of the function button options: EDIT/SELECT Pressing the function button corresponding to EDIT/SELECT invokes a menu wherein a desired parameter can be highlighted by using the Cursor Pad UP/DOWN arrow buttons and/or the function buttons corresponding to PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN (should they exist). Press the function button corresponding ENTER to select the highlighted parameter.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier VOP = 0.66 Polypropylene (99 m/μs) Teflon VOP = 0.67 (100 m/μs Pulse Width Vs. Test Distance Assuming a V.O.P.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Once the test is set up, press the RUN / STOP key located on the front panel of the CableSHARK to start the test. Another screen will appear indicating to the user that the TDR test has been started. When a TDR test is complete, the test result is displayed on the screen. 8.2.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier A message of "TDR test complete. Use the cursor and marker to determine reflection location." is displayed if no significant reflection can be automatically found after a pulse is sent. If the CableSHARK has successfully found any reflections, it will place the cursor onto the first reflection and adjust the Graph Scale automatically if necessary so that the first reflection is within the display screen.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide options, press the function button associated with MORE. Enables continuous TDR pulses to be transmitted and reflections measured. AUTO REPEAT When AUTO REPEAT is enabled, the following options are shown: CHANGE TO ns / CHANGE TO FEET / CHANGE TO METER The scale of the graph can be displayed in feet, meters or nanoseconds by pressing the function button associated with CHANGE TO METER, CHANGE TO FEET, or CHANGE TO NANOSECONDS.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier two. See Section 5.4 for more information about the REFERENCE MASK feature. NOTE: When using REFERENCE MASKS for the TDR, ensure that the loop lengths of the REFERENCE MASKS and the result on screen are similar or the resultant graph may be difficult to interpret Pressing the SAVE / UPLOAD button shows a pop-up window where the user is allowed to upload results, and save results to internal memory or to external USB memory.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.2.2.1 Testing Cables with the Manual TDR Figure 8.2.2.1A shows an example of a MANUAL TDR test result on a 2000-ft cable with an open cable end, with the correct VOP setting and proper pulse width selected. The large pulse near 0 distance is the sent pulse, the reflected pulse near 2000 ft is the reflection coming from the open end of the cable. The CableSHARK will attempt to place the cursor at the bottom of the rising edge of the reflected pulse.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E CHG F 1.000 0.750 0.500 0.250 0.000 -0.250 -0.500 -0.750 -1.000 0.0 1250.0 1998.7 ft Cursor position = 0 Marker position = Cursor / Marker Delta = 1998.7 ft 2500.0 3750.0 Pulse Width: Press or 5000.0 300 ns to move cursor Reflections at ft(dBRL): 1998.7 (33.8+) ZOOM IN VERT ZOOM IN HORIZ SELECT MARKER MORE AUTO REPEAT MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.2.2.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E CHG F 1.000 0.750 0.500 0.250 0.000 -0.250 -0.500 -0.750 -1.000 0.0 1250.0 2500.0 2500.0 ft Cursor position = 2195.3 Marker position = Cursor / Marker Delta = 304.7 ft 3750.0 Pulse Width: Press or 5000.0 900 ns to move cursor Reflections at ft(dBRL): 2195.3 (24.2-), 2500.0 (32.1+) ZOOM IN VERT ZOOM IN HORIZ SELECT MARKER MORE AUTO REPEAT MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.2.2.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The information about all the reflections found by the AUTO TDR test is shown on the status line in the format of "Reflections at distance (dBRL +/-): ...", where distance will be in feet or meters or nanoseconds as selected. dBRL stands for the reflection loss of the sent pulse at the reflection point in dB and the +/- sign indicates the polarity of the reflection relative to the sent pulse.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 800ns and look for any impairments up to 5000ft (1520m), and so on, until the cable end is found or the test is completed. Wider pulse widths makes it easier to detect small faults on the cable or faults located at a farther distance. Starting from the shorter pulse width is useful for locating any fault that may otherwise be hidden in the blind spot (see 8.2.4.1 Blind Spots) of a sent pulse of wider width.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.2.4.6 How to Determine the VOP of a Cable Calculating the Correct VOP The exact VOP of a cable of known-length can be determined with the CableSHARK by running a successful TDR test and reading the time (in ns) between the sent pulse and the reflection pulse from the end of the cable, regardless of whatever the VOP setting is for the TDR test.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.3 ADSL Data Rate Prediction (ADSL, ADSL2, ADSL2+) Measurements The DMT test or ADSL, ADSL2 or ADSL2+ Data Rate Prediction tests are unique in that they are independent of any modem or line coding being carried on the line. This makes the EXFO CableSHARK ideally suited for use in qualifying any twisted copper pair lines in the local loop to carry DSL technologies. DMT is based on Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM).
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E Test Type : ADSL Evaluation: DMT Noise Margin dB: DMT Bits per Bin: Rx Test Resolution: Term Impedance: CHG F ADSL End-to-End ANSI FULL RATE/POTS 6 13 COARSE 100 OHMS WARNING ! Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set. EDIT / SELECT SELECT NEXT MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.3.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide ADSL2+ FROM CUSTOMER (was ADSL2+ CPE) means the CableSHARK is emulating an ADSL2+ CPE device ADSL2+ FROM CO/EXCH means the CableSHARK is emulating an ADSL2+ DSLAM ADSL EVALUATION: Six options are available when ADSL FROM CUSTOMER or ADSL FROM CO/EXCH is selected: ANSI FULL RATE/POTS, ITU-T AnnexA/POTS, ETSI FULL RATE/POTS, G.LITE/POTS, ITU-T AnnexB/ISDN, and ETSI FULL RATE/ISDN.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier If the TEST TYPE is set to SINGLE END, the following additional parameters appear. MAX. CAP. IMBALANCE (%): Allows the user to specify the maximum capacitive length imbalance between T-G and R-G. The default setting is 10%. Setting of Imbalance can be from 0.1% to 100% where 100% is the worst case scenario. If the imbalance is greater than the user defined setting the CableSHARK will not complete the test and will report “Measurement not possible.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide CAPACITANCE NF/MI OR NF/KM: Allows the user to specify the cable’s capacitance constant. See Appendix B for more information on loop characteristics. RESISTANCE OHM/MI OR OHM/KM Allows the user to specify the cable’s resistance constant. See Appendix B for more information on loop characteristics. ATTENUATION dB/MI OR dB/KM Allows the user to specify the cable’s attenuation constant. See Appendix B for more information on loop characteristics.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The following are brief descriptions of each of the function button options: EDIT/SELECT Pressing the function button corresponding to EDIT/SELECT invokes a menu wherein a desired parameter can be highlighted by using the Cursor Pad UP/DOWN arrow buttons and/or the function buttons corresponding to PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN (should they exist). Press the function button corresponding ENTER to select the highlighted parameter.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide For SINGLE END tests, the CableSHARK will first determine the length of the cable (up to the first major impairment which could be the end of the cable), then perform a noise test, attenuation test, and determine the bits/bin for ADSL upstream and downstream parameters. Figure 8.3.2A shows an example of the results obtained from a DMT Test Measurement with ANSI FULL RATE/POTS selected under the ADSL Evaluation option.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier noise floor on potential data rate. A 'bit/bin' graph showing a relatively filled in box will indicate a cable that is capable of transmitting / receiving at very high data rates. Use the Cursor Pad LEFT/RIGHT arrow keys to move the cursor from left to right and back on the screen. The cursor position indicates Cursor Tone, Cursor Frequency, Tone Level, Noise Level, and number of bits/bin, etc..
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Pressing the SAVE / UPLOAD button shows a pop-up window where the user is allowed to upload results, and save results to internal memory or to external USB memory. UPLOAD RESULT Choosing UPLOAD RESULT from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu sends the result that appears on the CableSHARK screen (current test or recalled test) to a PC via a NULL modem cable. The remote control program Visi-SHARK can be used to capture and analyze the results on a PC.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Press the RUN / STOP button on the front of the CableSHARK to initiate the test. Figure 8.3.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Example of a ADSL2 ATU-C (downstream) mask (non-overlapped spectrum) Example of a ADSL2 ATU-R (downstream) mask (non-overlapped spectrum) 103
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Example of a ADSL2+ ATU-C (downstream) mask (non-overlapped spectrum) –18 dB/octave PSD in dBm/Hz –36.5 dBm/Hz peak PSD –3 dB/octave –65 dB/octave 36 dB/octave –78 dB/octave 4.63 dB/octave –100 dBm/Hz peak PSD in 10 kHz window –46.5 dBm/Hz –97.5 peak +15 dBrn 0-4 kHz peak PSD in 1 MHz window above 3750 kHz –47.8 dBm/Hz –44.2 dBm/Hz –59.4 dBm/Hz –72.5 dBm/Hz –92.5 dBm/Hz –80 dBm/Hz –100 dBm/Hz 0 4 80 138 1104 2208 1622 –110 dBm/Hz 3001.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.3.4 CPE Modem Detection and DSLAM Detection The CableSHARK’s DMT test will automatically determine if there is a CPE modem or DSLAM connected to the far end of the circuit and will use the training frequency patterns as described by ANSI T1.413 to predict the expected data rate of the circuit. The test will work provided that the equipment conforms to ADSL specifications ANSI T1.413, G.DMT, or G.Lite.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.3.5 DMT Test Application Hints 1 Single-Ended DMT test results provide EXTRAPOLATED data rates only! 2 The DMT test can be used to analyze the problem in which a pair of ADSL modems or an ADSL service fails with the cable. This is done by looking at the signal level and noise level at the ADSL modem synchronization frequencies. For example, a pair of ADSL modems compliant with the ANSI T1.413 standard employs some twelve tones ranging from 34.5kHz to 310.5kHz at a level of -1.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.4.1 Setting up a Noise Test From the Main Menu, pressing Function button F1 (CABLE TESTS) will bring the user to the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Choose NOISE to invoke the NOISE TEST SETUP menu. The sections that follow will explain the operation as each of the control keys is pressed and their respective screens appear. Figure 8.4.1A below shows the Noise Test Setup Menu. E Test Type : Term Impedance : Noise Filter : Measurement Units: CHG F NOISE PSD Next/Fext 2.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E Test Type : Term Impedance : Measurement Units: CHG NOISE PSD Next/Fext 6.0 MHz 100 OHMS dBm WARNING ! Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set. EDIT / SELECT SELECT NEXT FIGURE 8.4.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E CHG F IMPULSE NOISE Test Type : 100 OHMS Term Impedance : TERMINATED Termination: NO FILTER Noise Filter : Imp Nse Threshold: - 43 dBm Measurement Units: Imp Nse Meas Time: 1 Minute WARNING ! Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set. EDIT / SELECT SELECT NEXT MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.4.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E Test Type : Term Impedance : Termination: Noise Filter : Imp Nse Threshold: Measurement Units: Plot Interval: Meas Time (Hour): CHG F IMPULSE HISTOGRAM 100 OHMS TERMINATED NO FILTER - 43 dBm 1 Minute 1 WARNING ! Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set. EDIT / SELECT SELECT NEXT MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.4.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide End) not to reflect back any test signals or unnecessarily attenuate the test signal. The options are 100 ohms, 135 ohms, and AUTO (older hardware will still show 120 and 150 ohms). For single-ended tests, the AUTO impedance setting is recommended because it gives better accuracy by measuring the cable and selecting the most appropriate attenuation. NOISE FILTER: The options are ISDN E Filter, HSDL F Filter, ADSL G Filter and No Filter.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier MEAS TIME (HOUR): Allows the user to specify the maximum test time in hours. The function button command selection at the bottom of the Noise Test Setup menu consists of five options available to the operator. The first three options (EDIT/SELECT, SELECT PREVIOUS, SELECT NEXT) enable the modification of the test parameters (residing near the upper part of the screen). The last two options at the bottom of the screen are CABLE TESTS and MAIN MENU.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Press the RUN/STOP button on the front of the CableSHARK to initiate the test. The RUN/STOP button can be pressed at any time to stop a test that is running. Figure 8.4.2A shows an example of the results obtained from an Impulse Noise Measurement test.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E dBm/Hz -10 PROBABLE SIGNAL - undetermined F dBm 20 -40 -10 -70 -40 -100 -70 -130 -100 0.00 500 Noise PSD = -112.74 dBm/Hz Cursor Frq. = 1000.5 kHz Press or to move cursor PEAK ZOOM IN HORIZ 1000 1500 2000 kHz RMS Noise = -61.16 dBm Impedance = 100 ohms Noise Filter = No Filter ZOOM IN VERT FIGURE 8.4.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E CHG PROBABLE SIGNAL - undetermined dBm/Hz -10 F dBm 20 -40 -10 -70 -40 -100 -70 -130 -100 0.00 1500 Noise PSD = -112.74 dBm/Hz Cursor Frq. = 3001.5 kHz Press or to move cursor PEAK ZOOM IN HORIZ 3001 4502 6003 kHz RMS Noise = -61.16 dBm Impedance = 100 ohms Noise Filter = No Filter ZOOM IN VERT FREEZE MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.4.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E dBm/Hz -10 PROBABLE SIGNAL - undetermined F dBm 20 -40 -10 -70 -40 -100 -70 -130 -100 0.00 500 Noise PSD = -45.12 dBm/Hz Cursor Frq. = 1152.8 kHz Press or to move cursor NORMAL ZOOM IN HORIZ 1000 1500 2000 kHz RMS Noise = -65.5 dBm Impedance = 100 ohms Noise Filter = No Filter ZOOM IN VERT FREEZE FIGURE 8.4.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E Hits 100 CHG Hits 100 * 10 10 1 1 12:58 NOV21 13:08 NOV21 Impedance (Terminated) Noise Filter Selected Impulse Threshold Level Plot Interval Impulse Test Duration = = = = = 100 ohms No filter -43 dBm 1 minute 1 hour F 13:18 NOV21 13:28 NOV21 Start Time Nov 21, 13:52 Cursor Time Nov 21, 14:04 Impulse Noise Count Press or 15 to move cursor SAVE/ UPLOAD MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.4.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier SAVE TO MEM Choosing SAVE TO MEM from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to internal non-volatile memory. See Section 5.3 for more information. SAVE TO USB Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to external USB memory. See Section 5.3 for more information.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.5..Longitudinal Balance Test The longitudinal balance test ensures that the twisted pair is balanced. Longitudinal balance ratio is defined in ITU-T Rec. O.9, which is important when it comes to reducing the effects of common-mode voltage to ground. The CableSHARK can perform a longitudinal balance measurement to determine if the longitudinal balance ratios are compliant with this standard. The CableSHARK displays results for ADSL applications respective of the ANSI T1.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The Longitudinal Balance Test Setup menu has several options that appear at the upper part of the screen (see the previous illustration). The parameters can be modified to customize a Longitudinal Balance test. The Longitudinal Balance test setup options are described as follows: TEST TYPE: LONG BAL NEAR END. This test is a single ended longitudinal balance test where the resultant is plotted from 26 kHz to 2208 kHz.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E CHG F dB dB 0.0 0.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 80.0 26 571 Balance = 60.2 dB Cursor position = 564.938 kHz 1117 80.0 2208 kHz 1662 Impedance = 100 ohms Press or to move cursor Longitudinal Balance test complete. Complies with ANSI T1.413 and G.DMT. SHOW REF SAVE/ UPLOAD ZOOM IN HORIZ ZOOM IN VERT TEST SETUP MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.5.2A - RESULTS OF A LONGITUDINAL BALANCE TEST The better the balance, the higher the dB readings resulting from the measurement.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E CHG dB dB 0.0 0.0 Bad 20.0 F 20.0 40.0 40.0 Ok 60.0 60.0 Good 80.0 26 571 Balance = 60.2 dB Cursor position = 564.938 kHz 1117 80.0 2208 kHz 1662 Impedance = 100 ohms Press or to move cursor Longitudinal Balance test complete. Complies with ANSI T1.413 and G.DMT. SHOW REF SAVE/ UPLOAD ZOOM IN HORIZ ZOOM IN VERT TEST SETUP MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.5.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to external USB memory. See Section 5.3 for more information. SAVE TO USB The remainder of the buttons are as follows: Use these function buttons to zoom in and out based on the vertical level scale. Please note after the completion of a test, the ZOOM OUT VERT option will be disabled as it is impossible to ZOOM OUT.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.6..Load Coil Detection Test The CableSHARK Load Coil Detection Test can detect if there is any load coil along the line and advise the user to perform an auto or manual TDR test to locate the load coil(s). When running a TDR test, a load coil on the line acts like an open circuit on the line. When running FR or DMT tests with a line, the test results will show the severe roll off in frequencies from 4 kHz to some 10 kHz should loading coils exist on the line. 8.6.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide TEST TYPE: Select from either LOAD COIL RX (receiver mode) or LOAD COIL SINGLE END. LOAD COIL SINGLE END will plot a results graph up to 10 kHz. If a load coil(s) is found, they will be represented graphically. LOAD COIL RX is an end-to-end test. Another CableSHARK will need to be set to Remote Responder mode. 8.6.2 Running a Load Coil Detection Test Use caution when connecting the test set, as telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E CHG Load Coil Detection Test Results: No load coils detected. Load coil detection test complete. SAVE/ UPLOAD TEST SETUP MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.6.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E CHG Ohm 4000 4000 3000 3000 2000 2000 1000 1000 0 1000 3200 Impedance = 745 ohms Cursor position = 5390 Hz 5400 7600 Press or F 0 9800 Hz to move cursor Test completed. At least 2 load coils detected. SHOW REF SAVE/ UPLOAD ZOOM IN HORIZ ZOOM IN VERT TEST SETUP MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.6.2B - RESULTS OF A SINGLE END LOAD COIL DETECTION TEST As shown in the figure above, the CableSHARK will indicate whether or not there are load coils on the line.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier UPLOAD RESULT Choosing UPLOAD RESULT from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu sends the result that appears on the CableSHARK screen (current test or recalled test) to a PC via a NULL modem cable. The remote control program Visi-SHARK can be used to capture and analyze the results on a PC. SAVE TO MEM Choosing SAVE TO MEM from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to internal non-volatile memory. See Section 5.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide SAVE TO USB Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to external USB memory. See Section 5.3 for more information. The remainders of the buttons are as follows: ZOOM IN VERT / ZOOM OUT VERT Use these function buttons to zoom in and out based on the vertical level scale. Please note after the completion of a test, the ZOOM OUT VERT option will be disabled as it is impossible to ZOOM OUT.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.7 Digital Multimeter (DMM) Test The CableSHARK’s Digital Multimeter Test or DMM Test can detect AC/DC voltages & current and measure resistance and capacitance on a circuit. Using this test allows technicians to identify whether a line is live (voice line) or not in use (no voltage or current). The Resistance and Capacitance measurements will also provide the user with an estimated loop length after the completion of this test.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E Test Type : Cable Type: CHG F AUTOTEST-12 (V,R,C) AUTO Test Type : AUTOTEST-14 (V,R,C,I) (V,R,C) AUTOTEST-12 (V,R,C) VOLTAGE (V) SHORTS METER (R) OPENS METER (C) CURRENT (I) WARNING ! Please ensure that the test set is connected in parallel with the load. Other connections may result in inaccurate readings. Note: telephone cable may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. Voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The AUTOTEST-14 will perform all DMM measurements (V, R, C, I) for all three legs of the circuit (T-R, RG, T-G) except the Current test which is only tested on T-R. Selecting the AUTOTEST-14 (V,R,C,I) test from the Test Type menu will call up three other menu selections: CABLE TYPE: The CABLE TYPE setting is used to select the appropriate cable type or more appropriately the appropriate diameter.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide If the AUTO CABLE TYPE is NOT selected, the following settings are available. These are necessary to provide the user with the most accurate results. CAPACITANCE NF/MI OR NF/KM: Allows the user to specify the cable’s capacitance constant. See Appendix B for more information on loop characteristics. CAPACITANCE NF/MI OR NF/KM TO GND: Allows the user to specify the cable’s capacitance to GND constant.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Please check with the cable manufacturer for specific details concerning the cables capacitance constant. The Capacitance Constant is used to calculate the length of the cable based on the Capacitance measurement. The following table lists the most common values. Metric (mm) 0.40 PE 0.405 0.50 PE 0.511 0.60 PE 0.644 0.90 PE 0.912 AWG 26 PIC 24 PIC 22 PIC 19 PIC nF/mile 80.5 83.0 80.5 83.0 64.4 83.0 64.4 83.0 nF/km 50 51.6 50 51.6 40 51.6 40 51.6 Table 8.7.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Selecting the RESISTANCE test from the Test Type menu one further parameter will appear: Resistance (ohm/mile or ohm/km): See Table 8.7.1A for more information. See Appendix B for more information on loop characteristics. Please check with the cable manufacturer for specific details concerning the cables capacitance constant. The Resistance Constant is used to calculate the length of the cable based on the Resistance measurement. The following table lists the most common values.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier SELECT PREVIOUS Pressing the function button corresponding to SELECT PREVIOUS scrolls backward through each of the parameters that are available for the highlighted option. SELECT NEXT Pressing the function button corresponding to SELECT NEXT scrolls forward through each of the parameters that are available for the highlighted option. CABLE TESTS Pressing the function button corresponding to CABLE TESTS causes the CABLE TESTS pop-up window to appear.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E (T - R) AC RMS Voltage = (T - G) AC RMS Voltage = (R - G) AC RMS Voltage = (T - R) Resistance (T - G) Resistance (R - G) Resistance = = = 0 mV 0 mV 0 mV 0 Hz 0 Hz 0 Hz DC Voltage DC Voltage DC Voltage Capacitance = Capacitance = Capacitance = > 30M > 30M > 30M (T - R) Equivalent Cable Length = (T - G) Equivalent Cable Length = (R - G) Equivalent Cable Length = UPLOAD RESULT = = = 3916.4 ft N/A N/A SAVE TO MEM CHG F 0 mV 0 mV 0 mV 57.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier TIP-RING, TIP-GND, RING-GND Pressing the function button (F1) associated with these selections allows the user to test between (a) Tip and Ring, (b) Tip and Ground, and (c) Ring and Ground. These manual selections are not available for AUTOTEST-14, AUTOTEST-12, or CURRENT (I) tests. UPLOAD RESULT Pressing the function button corresponding to UPLOAD RESULT sends the result that appears on the CableSHARK screen (current test or recalled test) to a PC via a NULL modem cable.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.8.. 4-Wire Crosstalk Test The CableSHARK’s 4 Wire Crosstalk test or 4 WIRE XTALK Test or Stressed Noise test allows users to measure and observe crosstalk on cable pairs that are currently in use or being provisioned for xDSL. One major impairment for which the 4wire crosstalk measurement is well suited for is for detecting and determining the severity of split pairs. Service Providers have often had to resort to using split pairs to add a subscriber.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E Test Type : CHG F CROSSTALK OR LOOPBACK WARNING ! Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set. EDIT / SELECT SELECT NEXT MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.8.1A – 4 WIRE CROSSTALK SETUP MENU The 4-Wire Crosstalk test setup options are described as follows: TEST TYPE: Select from either CROSSTALK / LOOPBACK or SINGLE FREQUENCY. CROSSTALK / LOOPBACK will display a plot of the crosstalk.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.8.2 Running a 4-Wire Crosstalk Test Use caution when connecting the test set, as telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them. Press the function button corresponding to the RUN / STOP button on the front of the CableSHARK to initiate the test. Figure 8.8.2A shows an example of the results obtained from a 4 Wire Crosstalk Test. E F CHG dB 0.0 0.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 80.0 17 565 Impedance = 72.4 dB Cursor position = 1112.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Pressing the SAVE / UPLOAD button shows a pop-up window where the user is allowed to upload results, and save results to internal memory or to external USB memory. UPLOAD RESULT Choosing UPLOAD RESULT from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu sends the result that appears on the CableSHARK screen (current test or recalled test) to a PC via a NULL modem cable. The remote control program Visi-SHARK can be used to capture and analyze the results on a PC.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E SAVE/ UPLOAD TEST SETUP CHG F MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.8.2B - RESULTS OF 4-WIRE CROSSTALK TEST This test allows a user to continuous monitor the effects of crosstalk at a single frequency (until the RUN/STOP key is pressed) and to adjust the frequency by using the UP and DOWN ARROW keys (from 17.3 kHz to 2.208 MHz).
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.9 Isolation Resistance Test The CableSHARK’s Isolation Resistance Test allows users to generate a high voltage onto the copper pair to measure the isolation between tip and ring, between two pairs, and from tip or ring to ground. The measured resistance of the fault is displayed. The time the voltage is applied, in other words the "soak" time is programmable by the user. The amount of current is low and controlled to protect the user.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide The Isolation Resistance test setup options are described as follows: TEST TIME (SEC): The user can specify the “soak” time or the duration of the test in which 100 VDC is applied to the circuit. Allowable times are from 1 to 99 seconds. CONNECTION: The user can select ALL, TIP-RING, TIP-GROUND, and RING-GROUND for which to perform the test on. 8.9.2 Running an Isolation Resistance Test Use caution when connecting the test set, as telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 8.9.2A - RESULTS OF THE ISOLATION TEST Results showing >100 Mohm indicates that there is no chance of isolation break down at the present time. Values less than 25 Mohm means that the circuit may be unstable and therefore potentially unsuitable for xDSL. At the completion of a test, the Function button command selection at the bottom of the ISOLATION TEST SETUP screen consists of a minimum of five options available to the operator.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.10 LoopMapper™ LoopMapper™ allows the user of the CableSHARK to easily identify faults (if any) with increased resolution using TDR and FDR. Results can be displayed in feet or meters. This test is extremely useful in locating bridge taps (multiple appearances) and the end of the cable. Faults such as opens and shorts can easily be found using the enhanced resolution that the CableSHARK’s integrated FDR solution offers. 8.10.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The LoopMapper Test Setup menu has two options that appear at the upper part of the screen (see the previous illustration). The parameters can be modified to customize a LoopMapper Test. The following describes the LoopMapper test setup options: VOP: Velocity of Propagation sets at what velocity the pulse travels along the wire. It is entered as a ratio of the speed of light. The table near the end of this section provides more information about VOP.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Wire Gauge Vs. V.O.P. Here are some examples of typical VOP values for various telephone cables, given for insulation type and wire gauge / size. : Pulp AWG 22 AWG 24 AWG 26 0.6 mm 0.5 mm 0.4 mm VOP = 0.68 (102 m/μs) VOP = 0.67 (100 m/μs) VOP = 0.66 (99 m/μs) PIC AWG 19 AWG 22 AWG 24 AWG 26 0.9 mm 0.6 mm 0.5 mm 0.4 mm VOP = 0.72 VOP = 0.67 VOP = 0.66 VOP = 0.64 Jelly AWG 19 0.9 mm VOP = 0.68 (102 m/μs) Filled AWG 22 AWG 24 AWG 26 0.6 mm 0.5 mm 0.4 mm VOP = 0.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 8.10.2A - RUNNING A LOOPMAPPER TEST The layout of the screen shows a graphic and numeric representation of the information received by the CableSHARK. The graphs’ vertical scale depicts a relative scale where 0 to +1 indicates that a discontinuity was found whose impedance differs from the characteristic impedance of the tested cable. The horizontal scale shows the location of the fault or end of cable in either feet or meters.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide TABLE 8.10.2 – CABLE VS. REFLECTED ANGLE Reflected Angle 0° 180° Fault Type Open Circuit Short Circuit, origin of Bridge Tap To start another test with the same conditions, the user should simply press the RUN/STOP key. At the completion of a test, the function button command selection at the bottom of the LoopMapper Test Result screen consists of several options available to the operator.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier SAVE TO USB Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to external USB memory. See Section 5.3 for more information. The remainder of the buttons are as follows: PREVIOUS MENU The function button corresponding to PREVIOUS MENU takes the user to the command selections listed previously. To exit this menu level, press the function button associated with PREVIOUS MENU or TEST SETUP.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide FIGURE 8.10.2.1A - RUNNING A LOOPMAPPER TEST WITH THE CABLE END OPEN Figure 8.10.2.1B shows a LoopMapper test result on the same cable of Figure 8.10.2.1A with the cable end shorted. Even though both images look similar, please note that now the angle at the reflected point is 180°.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 8.10.2.1B - RUNNING A LOOPMAPPER TEST WITH THE CABLE END SHORTED Figure 8.10.2.1C shows the LoopMapper test result on a cable with a bridged tap. Please note that the angle at the reflected point is 180°, confirming the existence of a Bridge Tap. The Bridge Tap condition is automatically detected and presented by the CableSHARK at the bottom of the screen.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide FIGURE 8.10.2.1C - RUNNING A LOOPMAPPER TEST WITH A CABLE AND BRIDGE TAP BRANCH Note: When using the LoopMapper test, be sure to use the CableSHARK’s zoom function to amplify the result. Often, the reflected pulse is difficult to see, so by using the vertical/horizontal zoom function, the faults can be seen easily.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.11 Automatic Testing The CableSHARK is capable of performing automatic testing for ADSL, SHDSL and Voice Frequency (VF) pre-qualification, installation and maintenance. The CableSHARK’s ADSL AUTO, SHDSL AUTO and VF AUTO tests feature a range of difference tests that compare measured results against stored threshold for PASS / FAIL results to the user. The results are provided in both textual and graphical formats.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide FIGURE 8.11.1.1A – ADSL AUTO TEST SETUP FIGURE 8.11.1.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 8.11.1.1C – ADSL2+ AUTO TEST SETUP The options at the bottom of the ADSL AUTO TESTS SETUP screen represent the following: EDIT/SELECT Pressing the function button corresponding to EDIT/SELECT invokes a menu wherein a desired parameter can be highlighted by using the Cursor Pad UP/DOWN arrow buttons and/or the function buttons corresponding to PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN (should they exist). Press the function button corresponding ENTER to select the highlighted parameter.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.11.1.2 SHDSL Auto Test Setup From the Auto Test Setup screen, pressing the F6 button will activate the SHDSL Auto Test Setup screen. The SHDSL Auto Test setup screen allows you to configure the PASS/FAIL criteria for the SHDSL Auto Test. E SHDSL Evaluation: SHDSL Noise Margin dB: Min. SHDSL Rate (kbps): VOP: Capacitance nF/mi T-R: Capacitance nF/mi to GND: Max. AC Voltage T-R (V): Max. AC Voltage T-G (V): Max. AC Voltage R-G (V): Max. DC Voltage T-R (V): Max.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier SELECT NEXT Pressing the function button corresponding to SELECT NEXT scrolls forward through each of the parameters that are available for the highlighted option. DEFAULT VALUES Sets the ADSL AUTO TEST parameters to their factory defaults. ADSL SETUP Allows the user to setup the ADSL Auto Test VF SETUP Allows the user to setup the VF Auto Test. MAIN MENU Select the function button corresponding to MAIN MENU to return to the Main Menu. 8.11.1.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide FIGURE 8.11.1.3A – VF POTS AUTO TEST SETUP FIGURE 8.11.1.3B – VF NO POTS AUTO TEST SETUP The options at the bottom of the VF AUTO TESTS SETUP screens represent the following: EDIT/SELECT Pressing the function button corresponding to EDIT/SELECT invokes a menu wherein a desired parameter can be highlighted by using the Cursor Pad UP/DOWN arrow buttons and/or the function buttons corresponding to PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN (should they exist).
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E Name: DATU milliwatt source Tel. Number 4165551212 18005551212 EDIT/ SELECT DELETE RECORD CABLE TESTS CHG F MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.11.1.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide VF SETUP Allows the user to setup the VF Auto Test. MAIN MENU Select the function button corresponding to MAIN MENU to return to the Main Menu. 8.11.2 Running an ADSL, ADSL2 or ADSL2+ AUTO Test Use caution when connecting the test set, as telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them. NOTE: ADSL, ADSL2 or ADSL2+ AUTO Test will only be available if the SINGLE END DMT option has been purchased.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E CHG F DMM Load Coil Length(TDR) Longitudinal Balance Balance at 1kHz Capacitance Imbalance ADSL Upstream Rate = ADSL Downstream Rate = Disturber ID = 896 kbps Passed 7264 kbps Passed undetermined Passed End of cable detected at 8434 ft. dBRL = 68.4+ VIEW DETAIL SAVE / UPLOAD MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.11.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E DMM: Load Coil Length Longitudinal Balance Balance at 1 Khz Capacitive Imbalance CHG F Passed Failed 3 found 2999 ft Skipped N/A ADSL Downstream Rate ADSL Upstream Rate Undetermined Disturbed ID Skipped Skipped Failed Cable length: 2999 ft. dBRL = 40.5+ Load coil or splitter detected VIEW DETAIL SAVE / UPLOAD MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.11.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The remainder of the buttons are as follows: VIEW SETUP This function allows users to view the pass/fail thresholds used for the automatic tests. TEST SETUP Pressing the function button associated with TEST SETUP activates the AUTO Test Setup menu. Test parameters can be modified and the test can be run once again from this screen. MAIN MENU Select MAIN MENU to return to the Main Menu. 8.11.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E DMM: Load Coil: Length (TDR): Balance at 1 kHz none found N/A N/A CHG F Passed Passed Dialing: 4165551212 (DATU) Loss Frequency C-Msg Noise 6.6 dB 1.004 kHz -24.2 dBrnC Passed PI C-Msg. 51.8 dBrnC Passed POTS Test Complete Passed Passed VIEW DETAIL SAVE / UPLOAD MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.11.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier SAVE TO USB Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to external USB memory. See Section 5.3 for more information. The remainder of the buttons are as follows: VIEW SETUP This function allows users to view the pass/fail thresholds used for the automatic tests. TEST SETUP Pressing the function button associated with TEST SETUP activates the AUTO Test Setup menu.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E CHG F DMM Load Coil Length(TDR) Longitudinal Balance Balance at 1kHz Capacitance Imbalance SHDSL Data Rate Disturber ID = 2312 kbps Passed undetermined Passed End of cable detected at 8434 ft. dBRL = 68.4+ VIEW DETAIL SAVE / UPLOAD MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.11.4A - RESULTS OF THE SHDSL AUTO TEST - PASS At the conclusion of the SHDSL AUTO test, the CableSHARK will report PASSED if all the user defined thresholds are not compromised. Otherwise, the CableSHARK will report FAILED.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E DMM: Load Coil Length Longitudinal Balance Balance at 1 Khz Capacitive Imbalance SHDSL Data Rate Disturbed ID 3 found 2999 f t CHG F Passed Failed Skipped N/A Skipped Undetermined Failed Cable length: 2999 ft. dBRL = 40.5+ Load coil or splitter detected VIEW DETAIL SAVE / UPLOAD MAIN MENU FIGURE 8.11.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide The remainder of the buttons are as follows: VIEW SETUP This function allows users to view the pass/fail thresholds used for the automatic tests. TEST SETUP Pressing the function button associated with TEST SETUP activates the AUTO Test Setup menu. Test parameters can be modified and the test can be run once again from this screen. MAIN MENU Select MAIN MENU to return to the Main Menu.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 172
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 9 Spectral Detective The CableSHARK’s Spectral Detective test allows user to bridge onto a live circuit to measure the Power Spectral Density Noise of the line. The Spectral Detective measures up to 2.2 MHz (or optional 6 MHz) so users will be able to characterize loops utilizing ISDN, T1 / 2 MBIT/S (E1), HDSL, HDSL2, ADSL, G.SHDSL, etc.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier This option can be ordered from EXFO. A special alphanumeric software key will be sent to the purchaser based upon each CableSHARK’s unique serial number. To determine the options currently installed in the CableSHARK or to view the units unique serial number, go to SYSTEM SETUP and select the OPTIONS function key (see Section 6.4). Once the key is properly entered, the user can exit to the MAIN MENU, select CABLE TESTS, and then select SPECTRAL DETECTIVE from the pop-up menu.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide NOISE FILTER: The options are ISDN E Filter, HSDL F Filter, ADSL G Filter and NONE. NONE is the most ideal selection since it gives the user an unbiased analysis of the results. If the E, F, or G filters are enabled, the Disturber Identification is turned off as the analysis of the available bandwidth is limited. To determine of a circuit has a specific technology riding over it, ensure that the NOISE FILTER is set to NONE.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E PROBABLE SIGNAL - T1 / E1 dBm/Hz -3.3 CHG F dBm 30.0 -33.3 0.0 -63.3 -30.0 -93.3 -60.0 -123.3 -90.0 -153.3 0.00 552 Noise PSD = -45.65 dBm/Hz Cursor Frq. = 1000.500 kHz Press: RIGHT/LEFT to move cursor. 1104 -120.0 1656 2208 kHz RMS Noise = 12.67 dBm Impedance = Bridging Noise Filter = No Filter Test completed. SHOW REF SAVE/ UPLOAD ZOOM IN HORIZ ZOOM IN VERT TEST SETUP MAIN MENU FIGURE 9.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to external USB memory. See Section 5.3 for more information. SAVE TO USB The remainder of the buttons are as follows: Use these function buttons to zoom in and out based on the vertical level scale. Please note after the completion of a test, the ZOOM OUT VERT option will be disable as it is impossible to ZOOM OUT.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E dBm/Hz -10 PROBABLE SIGNAL - undetermined CHG dBm 20 -40 -10 -70 -40 -100 -70 -130 -100 0.00 552 PSD = -45.12 dBm/Hz Cursor Frq. = 1152.8 kHz Press or to move cursor NORMAL ZOOM IN HORIZ 1104 1656 2208 kHz RMS Noise = -65.5 dBm Impedance = Bridging Noise Filter = No Filter ZOOM IN VERT FREEZE MAIN MENU FIGURE 9.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 9.2 Spectral Detective Samples The following figures show examples of broadband technology disturbers. E dBm/Hz -10 PROBABLE SIGNAL - T1 / 2 Mbit/s (E1) CHG F E dBm/Hz -10 dBm 20 PROBABLE SIGNAL - ISDN F CHG dBm 20 -40 -10 -40 -10 -70 -40 -70 -40 -100 -70 -100 -70 -130 -100 -130 0.00 552 1104 PSD = -45.67 dBm/Hz Cursor Frq. = 1000.50 kHz Press or to move cursor SHOW REF SAVE/ UPLOAD 1656 RMS Noise = -65.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 180
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 10 Return Loss There are two major causes of Return Loss: discontinuities and impedance mismatches. Discontinuities and impedance mismatches occur at connections where cable is improperly terminated, changing from one wire gauge to another of greater or lesser diameter, or from cable splices. When a transmitted signal pulse hits one of these discontinuities, part or all of a signal is reflected back and return loss occurs. The Return Loss result is expressed in dB.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The CableSHARK's impedance needs to match the characteristic impedance of the cable. This causes the CableSHARK at either end of a test (including Single End) not to reflect back any test signals or unnecessarily attenuate the test signal. The options are 100 ohms and 135 ohms (no AUTO option for Return Loss test, older units will show 120 ohms and 150 ohms) TERM IMP: 10.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide The better the return loss, the higher the dB readings resulting from the measurement. E CHG F dB dB 0.0 0.0 10.0 10.0 Bad 20.0 30.0 20.0 30.0 Ok 40.0 50.0 40.0 Good 60.0 17 565 Level = 29.3 dB Cursor position = 1000.500 kHz 1113 50.0 60.0 2208 kHz 1660 Impedance = 100 ohms Press or to move cursor Test completed. SHOW REF SAVE/ UPLOAD ZOOM IN HORIZ ZOOM IN VERT TEST SETUP MAIN MENU FIGURE 10.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier SAVE TO MEM Choosing SAVE TO MEM from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to internal non-volatile memory. See Section 5.3 for more information. SAVE TO USB Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to external USB memory. See Section 5.3 for more information.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 11 SHDSL Data Rate Prediction The SHDSL test is unique in that it is independent of any modem or line coding being carried on the line. This makes the EXFO CableSHARK ideally suited for use in qualifying any twisted copper pair lines in the local loop to carry xDSL technologies. This test is similar to our Patented End-to-End ADSL DMT test and Patent Pending Single-End DMT test. The G.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier SHDSL EVALUATION: Options include ITU-T Annex A and ITU-T Annex B. The SHDSL standards reflects two regions – Annex A is for North America and Annex B is for Europe. There is not a huge difference between the two unless you are looking for a replacement technology for T1 (1.544 Mbps) or E1 (2.048 Mbps). NOISE MARGIN dB: Allows users to set the desired noise margin in dB.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 11.1..Running a SHDSL Test Use caution when connecting the test set, as telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them. The SHDSL test transmits a shaped signal onto the circuit under test as described by the ITU-T G.991.2 specification. The received result will be based on the transmitted signal but will also be shaped and attenuated based on cable characteristics and noise on the line.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Pressing the function button corresponding to SHOW REF allows a user to overlay a REFERENCE MASK over the test result on screen to compare the two. See Section 5.4 for more information about the REFERENCE MASK feature. SHOW REF Pressing the SAVE / UPLOAD button shows a pop-up window where the user is allowed to upload results, and save results to internal memory or to external USB memory.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 12 Resistive Fault Location 12.1 Resistive Fault Location (RFL) Testing Resistive Fault Location (RFL) testing is a powerful measurement that is able to locate shorts between tip to ring, tip to ground or ring to ground. These faults can be called shorts, grounds or crosses. A short is when TIP is shorted to RING T R FIGURE 12.1A – SHORT BETWEEN TIP AND RING A ground is when either TIP or RING is shorted to GROUND T R FIGURE 12.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The RFL measurement used by the CableSHARK is referred to as a “separate good pair” test. This means the user must have a good pair to compare against. 12.1.1 Setting up for a RFL Test 12.1.1.1 Disconnecting the Station Battery and the Customer Before an RFL test can take place, the circuit that is to be tested must be disconnected from the CO station battery and from the customer.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 2 WIRE LINE Tx / Rx RJ45 RJ11 GND RING TIP Cable under test BLACK LEAD TIP RED LEAD RING GREEN LEAD GND FIGURE 12.1.1.2B – INITIAL HOOK-UP 12.1.1.3 Connecting to a Good Pair A good pair may be difficult to find especially if it is suspected that an entire cable bundle has been damaged by water. In most cases, a good pair should have an isolation resistance of greater than 3.3 Mohms.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 12.1.1.5 Initial RFL Testing From the Main Menu, pressing Function button F1 (CABLE TESTS) will bring the user to the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Choosing RESISTIVE FAULT LOCATION (RFL) from the pop-up menu activates the RFL test. The CableSHARK will measure the combinations of TIP-RING, RING-GROUND, and TIP-GROUND using the CableSHARK voltage and resistance tests to determine if RFL is possible on the faulty pair selected.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide If the pair does not have a fault on it, the CableSHARK will display the following message: ! CONGRATULATIONS FIGURE 12.1.1.5A – NO FAULT DETECTED If there is a small voltage on the line and there is a resistive fault, this is likely a battery cross situation. The RFL test will indicate the following: Yellow Blue Green Black Red Green E CHG F Battery Cross fault detected on TIP, 5.9 Mohms, CO Voltage -48.0V WARNING ! Connect a good pair to Yellow and Blue.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier For only resistive faults, the CableSHARK’s RFL test will instruct the user how to attach the strap (see Section 12.1.1.6) at the far end. ! WARNING Fault found between RING and GROUND. Connect a good pair to Yellow and Blue. Connect far end strap from wire connected to Red to both ends of good pair. FIGURE 12.1.1.5D – RFL MESSAGE INDICATING PLACEMENT OF STRAP #2 At the conclusion of the RFL Isolation test, a WARNING box will appear indicating where the fault is (i.e.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Fault TIP-GROUND or RING-GROUND T R T R Good pair Strap Faulty pair FIGURE 12.1.1.6B – TO GROUND FAULT: STRAP PLACEMENT Battery Cross Fault R T R T Good pair Strap X Faulty pair X R X T X FIGURE 12.1.1.6C – BATTERY CROSS: STRAP PLACEMENT IMPORTANT: Follow the CableSHARK’s instructions for the correct Strap configuration. An improperly connected strap will force the RFL test to give misleading results.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 12.1.1.7 Setting up Cable Characteristics The CableSHARK’s RFL test needs to be configured in detail now that the faulty pair and good pairs have been identified and the strap properly attached. The following screen will appear. Yellow Blue Green Black Red Gnd E CHG F Loop Characteristics Section 1: EDIT/ SELECT Cable Type : Ohm/kft : 26 AWG PIC 83.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide American Wire Gauge. RESISTENCE PER LENGTH Allows the user to specify the cable’s resistance constant. See Appendix B for more information on loop characteristics. NOTE: When the Cable Type or Temperature changes, this value will automatically change to reflect a new cable type or a lower or higher temperature. The initial setting is based on nominal room temperature (68°F or 20°C). DISTANCE Allows the user to specify the cable section length under test.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 12.2 Running a RFL Test Once the test is set up, press the RUN/STOP key located on the front panel of the CableSHARK. A screen similar to the screen shot below will appear. The user is presented with the loop characteristics as entered during the setup phase as well as results in distance and resistance for the location of the fault. Yellow Blue Green Black Red Gnd E CHG F Loop Characteristics Section 1: Cable Type : Ohm/kft : 24 AWG PIC 59.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide CableSHARK P3 VF/DSL Cable Qualifier Strap + - E F 2 A B C 3 D E F 4 G H I 5 J K L 6 M N O 7 P R S 8 T U V 9 W X Y * 0 Q Z 1 Copyright Consultronics Limited 2000 - 2006 Software Version 3.86 Distance from End to Fault Distance to Fault # 13:16:20 CABLE TESTS AUTO TESTS F1 F2 AUTO SETUP F3 RUN STOP F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 Distance to End FIGURE 12.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 12.3 RFL Hints The following are useful hints for using the CableSHARK RFL function. 1. Use a strap that is made of 18 AWG (1.0 mm) cable. Strap together the faulty conductor to the good pair. Do not use smaller gauge of wire for the strap as this will have a higher resistance and will affect the measurement. 2. If AC voltage is being induced into the circuit under test, the RFL measurement will be incorrect.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Table 12.3.1 Loop Resistance @ 68°F or 20°C Wire Gauge mm 0.32 PE AWG 28 Resistance Ω/km Ω/kft Ω/mi 409 125 658 280 84.4 451 273 83.1 439 179 54.5 288 172 52.3 276 0.60 PE 123 37.5 198 0.63 PE 113 34.5 182 108 32.9 174 0.80 PE 69 21.0 111 0.90 PE 55 16.8 88.5 53.8 16.4 86.6 0.40 PE 26 PIC 0.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier For temperatures in Celsius: RTC = R20°C + TC - 20°C ) * 0.00393 * R20°C] Where RTC = new resistance based on new temperature in Celsius TC = new temperature R20°C = resistance of the cable @ 20°C 11. The RFL measurement is designed to find a single fault. If multiple faults exist, an incorrect measurement will be given.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 13 Ground Resistance 13.1 Ground Resistance Testing The CableSHARK’s Ground Resistance (also known as Station Ground) test allows technicians to verify that correct grounding rules are being followed at the location under test.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 2W Line TX/RX Ring R G T Central + Office Tip FIGURE 13.1.1A – GROUND RESISTANCE CONNECTION DIAGRAM #1 The second configuration is when there is a ground connection. The CableSHARK will tell you user how to attach the cables on screen, to avoid confusion. 2W Line TX/RX Ring R G T Ground R G T RX (Aux) Central + Office Tip FIGURE 13.1.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E Test Type : CHG F GROUND RESISTANCE MAIN MENU EDIT / SELECT FIGURE 13.1.1C – GROUND RESISTANCE SETUP MENU 13.2 Running a Ground Resistance Test Use caution when connecting the test set, as telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them. Press the function button corresponding to the RUN / STOP button on the front of the CableSHARK to initiate the test.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 13.2.1 Constant Voltage Source The CableSHARK will display voltage, loop current, and loop resistance information. Since there is no ground connection, a ground resistance measurement is not given. FIGURE 13.2.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 13.2.2 Constant Current Source The CableSHARK will display voltage and loop current. Since there is no ground connection, a ground resistance measurement is not given. FIGURE 13.2.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 13.2.3 Voltage Source plus Ground The CableSHARK will display voltage, loop current, loop resistance and ground resistance. FIGURE 13.2.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 13.2.4 Current Source plus Ground The CableSHARK will display voltage, loop current, loop resistance and ground resistance. FIGURE 13.2.4A – RESULT OF MEASUREMENT WHEN SOURCE IS CURRENT Resistance values of less than 25 ohms is considered acceptable. Anything over 25 ohms means there is a ground resistance problem.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier If the line card is not connected or is not detectable by the CableSHARK, the Ground Resistance test displays the following screen. E CHG F Line card = not detected SAVE / UPLOAD TEST SETUP MAIN MENU FIGURE 13.2.4B – LINE CARD NOT DETECTED The Ground Resistance measurement is executed in the following fashion. 1. Measure the open loop (on hook) tip-ring voltage (Station voltage). The voltage must be negative.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 5. For the grounded system, the CableSHARK switches the loop current path with the 435 ohm load (currently off hook), from tip-ring to tip-ground. The CableSHARK measure both the ring-ground voltage and the loop current. The Ground Resistance measurement sequence is based on the following assumptions: 1. The ground lead of the instrument is connected reliably to the ground of the CO 2. The standard CO voltage is nominally -48 VDC.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 212
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 14 Ringer Detection Testing 14.1 Ringer Detection Testing The CableSHARK is capable of performing a ringer detection test to determine the ringer equivalency number (REN) and capacitiance of T-R, R-G, T-G. Telephone companies define a "ringer equivalency number" (REN) for each device that rings when your telephone number is called. This number represents the current each device draws. The maximum number of REN's per circuit is going to be a number less than 4.0 or 5.0.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 14.1.1A - SETTING UP THE RINGER DETECTION TEST The Ringer Detection Test Setup menu has the following configuration option. TEST TYPE: 14.2 Fixed at Ringer Detection Running a Ringer Detection Test Use caution when connecting the test set, as telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them. Press the RUN / STOP button on the front of the CableSHARK to initiate the Ringer Detection test. Figure 14.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide of each of the function button options: Pressing the SAVE / UPLOAD button shows a pop-up window where the user is allowed to upload results, and save results to internal memory or to external USB memory. UPLOAD RESULT Choosing UPLOAD RESULT from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu sends the result that appears on the CableSHARK screen (current test or recalled test) to a PC via a NULL modem cable.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 216
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 15 VF Testing The CableSHARK is capable of performing voice frequency (VF) tests from 300 Hz to 4 kHz (some tests go up to 20 kHz). The VF tests include transmitting level/frequency, receiving level/frequency, measuring Noise, measuring Influence and measuring Impulse Noise. 15.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option. TEST TYPE: Select SEND TONE TERM IMP: 600 ohms (or 100, 150 ohms if your unit does not have 600 ohms installed). Level (dBm): Level can be set from –16 dBm to +18 dBm. Use the asterisk key ( * ) to toggle between minus ( - ) and plus ( + ) symbols. Frequency Mode: Allows user to select from SPOT, VARIABLE, TX 3 TONE SLOPE and TRACING TONE. With SPOT frequency selected, press the RUN/STOP key to start the test.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide specified Level as designated in the LEVEL column. Selecting the EDIT/SELECT button will allow the user to modify the LEVEL and the FREQUENCY if desired. 15.1.2 Sending Variable Frequencies To send a Variable frequency, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select SEND TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu. To continue, press RUN/STOP.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier With VARIABLE frequency selected, press the RUN/STOP key to start the test. The following screen will appear. FIGURE 15.1.2B - RUNNING A VARIABLE FREQUENCY TEST The VARIABLE frequency screen allows a user to modify what is being transmitted from the CableSHARK. Selecting the EDIT/SELECT button will allow the user to modify the LEVEL and the FREQUENCY if desired.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 15.1.3 Sending 3 Tone Slope To send 3 Tone Slope, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select SEND TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu. Press RUN/STOP to continue. E Test Type : Term Impedance: Level (dBm): Frequency Mode: Time/Tone (sec): CHG F SEND TONE 600 OHMS 0 TX 3 TONE SLOPE 3 MAIN MENU EDIT / SELECT FIGURE 15.1.3A - SETTING UP THE 3 TONE SLOPE TEST The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier With TX 3 TONE SLOPE selected, press the RUN/STOP key to start the test. The following screen will appear. FIGURE 15.1.3B - RUNNING THE 3 TONE SLOPE TEST The TX 3 TONE SLOPE screen shows the tones (frequencies) being transmitted. Selecting the EDIT/SELECT button will allow the user to modify FREQUENCY if desired. 15.1.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E Test Type : Term Impedance: Level (dBm): Frequency Mode: CHG F SEND TONE 600 OHMS 0 TRACING TONE MAIN MENU EDIT / SELECT FIGURE 15.1.4A - SETTING UP THE TRACING TONE The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option. TEST TYPE: Select SEND TONE TERM IMP: 600 ohms (or 100, 150 ohms if your unit does not have 600 ohms installed). Level (dBm): Level can be set from –16 dBm to +18 dBm. Use the asterisk key ( * ) to toggle between minus ( - ) and plus ( + ) symbols.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 15.1.4B - RUNNING THE TRACING TONE TEST The TRACING TONE screen shows what is being transmitted from the CableSHARK. 15.2 Receive Tone (Receiving Level/Frequency) The Receive Tone function allows a user to measure incoming signals and provides the level and frequency of the signal. The transmitting device could be another CableSHARK or a EXFO Auto-TIMS III Transmission Impairment Measuring Set.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E Test Type : Term Impedance: Receiver Mode: CHG F RECEIVE SEND TONE TONE 600 OHMS NUMERICAL MAIN MENU EDIT / SELECT FIGURE 15.2.1A - SETTING UP RX TONE NUMERICAL TEST The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option. TEST TYPE: Select RECEIVE TONE TERM IMP: 600 ohms (or 100, 150 ohms if your unit does not have 600 ohms installed). Receiver Mode: Allows user to select from NUMERICAL, GRAPHICAL, and RX 3 TONE SLOPE.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 15.2.1B - RUNNING THE RX TONE NUMERICAL TEST 15.2.2 Graphical Level/Frequency To measure level/frequency graphically, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select RECEIVE TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu. To continue, press RUN/STOP.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E Test Type : Term Impedance: Receiver Mode: Graph Scale: CHG F RECEIVE SEND TONE TONE 600 OHMS GRAPHICAL 300 Hz to 4 kHz MAIN MENU EDIT / SELECT FIGURE 15.2.2A - SETTING UP RX TONE GRAPHICAL TEST The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option. TEST TYPE: Select RECEIVE TONE TERM IMP: 600 ohms (or 100, 150 ohms if your unit does not have 600 ohms installed). Receiver Mode: Allows user to select from NUMERICAL, GRAPHICAL, and RX 3 TONE SLOPE.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 15.2.2B - RUNNING THE RX TONE GRAPHICAL TEST The result screen allows a user to graphically see the levels and frequencies that the CableSHARK is receiving (see lower left numerical results for current level/frequency being measured by the CableSHARK. By moving the LEFT/RIGHT and UP/DOWN arrow keys, users can move the cursors on screen to pin-point precise points on screen.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide E Test Type : Term Impedance: Receiver Mode: CHG F RECEIVE SEND TONE TONE 600 OHMS RX 3 TONE SLOPE MAIN MENU EDIT / SELECT FIGURE 15.2.2A - SETTING UP RX TONE GRAPHICAL TEST The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option. TEST TYPE: Select RECEIVE TONE TERM IMP: 600 ohms (or 100, 150 ohms if your unit does not have 600 ohms installed). Receiver Mode: Allows user to select from NUMERICAL, GRAPHICAL, and RX 3 TONE SLOPE.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 15.2.2B - RUNNING THE RX 3 TONE SLOPE TEST The result screen shows the user the level, frequency, and slope of the incoming signal.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 15.3 Noise Test The Noise function allows a user to measure RMS noise on the circuit under test. To measure Noise, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select RECEIVE TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu. To continue, press RUN/STOP. E Test Type : Term Impedance: Noise Filter: Measurement Units: CHG F NOISETONE SEND 600 OHMS C NOTCHED dBrnC MAIN MENU EDIT / SELECT FIGURE 15.3A - SETTING UP NOISE TEST The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier With NOISE selected, press the RUN/STOP key to start the test. The following screen will appear. FIGURE 15.3B - RUNNING THE NOISE TEST Users can change the measurement units (dBm & dBrnC) and filters by pressing the buttons dBm/dBrnC and Cycle Filter respectively. Press the FREEZE button to stop the test. Results can be saved by pressing the SAVE/UPLOAD button.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 15.4 Impulse Noise Test The Impulse Noise function allows a user to measure Impulse Noise on the circuit under test. To measure Impulse Noise, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select RECEIVE TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu. To continue, press RUN/STOP.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Measurement Units: Allows user to select from displaying results in dBm or dBrnC. Separation (dB) Allows user to specify the level difference between the low, mid and high thresholds in dB. 1 to 6 dB is the available range for separation. Imp Noise Time: Allows user to select the test duration. Options are from 1 minute to 24 hours. 15 minutes is the default. Meas With IMPULSE NOISE selected, press the RUN/STOP key to start the test. The following screen will appear.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 15.5 Power Influence The Power Influence test measures the affects that 50 Hz and 60 Hz power line (AC Mains) interference has on the circuit under test. Up to the 9th Harmonic is displayed. To measure Power Influence, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select RECEIVE TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu. To continue, press RUN/STOP. E Test Type : Measurement Units: CHG F POWER SEND TONE INFLUENCE dBrn MAIN MENU EDIT / SELECT FIGURE 15.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier E C-Message noise = 87 dBrnC 3 kHz Flat Noise = 50 dBrnC Frequency Voltage F Level 540 Hz 0.0 V 65 dBrn 480 Hz 0.1 V 70 dBrn 420 Hz 0.0 V 65 dBrn 360 Hz 0.0 V 65 dBrn 300 Hz 0.0 V 65 dBrn 240 Hz 0.1 V 75 dBrn 180 Hz 0.1 V 80 dBrn 120 Hz 0.1 V 80 dBrn 60 Hz 0.4 V 87 dBrn 50 dBrn CHG 70 90 110 FREEZE 130 MAIN MENU FIGURE 15.5B - RUNNING THE POWER INFLUENCE TEST Press the FREEZE button or the RUN/STOP key to stop the test.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 16 16.1 K-Test K-Test The K-test or Kupfmuller test can be used to find the approximate distance to a resistance fault when both wires in a single pair are faulted at the same place and a separate good pair is not available (see RFL Test). T Faulty wire R2 R Faulty wire R1 GND Reference wire NOTE: R1 and R2 are faulted resistances FIGURE 16.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier IMPORTANT: Attachment of the strap should not take place until the CableSHARK has indicated how to hook up the strap. A visual indication will be displayed on screen. 16.3 Running the K-test From the Main Menu, pressing Function button F1 (CABLE TESTS) will bring the user to the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Choosing K-Test from the pop-up menu actives the K-Test measurement.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Select K-test from the Main Menu pop-up screen and press the “RUN STOP” button to execute the test. The following screen is displayed: FIGURE 16.3B– K-TEST SETUP SCREEN Connect Tip to Aux. Tip and Ring to Aux Ring. Connect Tip and ring to the faulted pair, and Ground to the reference wire. Disconnect the far end strap then press the “F6” or “RUN/STOP” button to execute the test.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 16.3C– K-TEST PRE-TEST SCREEN 16.3.1 Connecting the Strap A strap is typically a wire that connects the ends of a good pair to a wire on the faulty pair. The strap should be made of 18AWG (1.0 mm) and be very short because it will have a very low resistance and will not affect the measurement. Alternatively, the same gauge of cable can be used but again must be very short as to not adversely affect the measurement.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide IMPORTANT: Follow the CableSHARK’s instructions for the correct Strap configuration. An improperly connected strap will force the K-Test test to give misleading results. FIGURE 16.3.1B– K-TEST, CONNECTING THE STRAP 16.3.2 Setting up Cable Characteristics The CableSHARK’s K-test needs to be configured in detail now that the faulty wires have been identified and the strap is properly attached at the far end. The following screen is displayed.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 16.3.2A – K-TEST CABLE CHARACTERISTICS SETUP SCREEN At the top of the screen you can see colors corresponding to the test leads. Ensure that the connection to the faulty pair corresponds to these colors. For single section testing (i.e. the length of circuit under test is the same gauge) the user needs to enter / verify information about Cable Type, Resistance per length, Distance, Temperature and whether or not there are load coils on the line.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide DISTANCE Allows the user to specify the cable section length under test. This is one gauge of wire only. NOTE: If DISTANCE is entered, the TEMPERATURE setting will be ignored. To enter an unknown distance, input the # sign. TEMPERATURE Allows the user to specify the temperature of the cable section under test. NOTE: If TEMPERATURE is entered, the DISTANCE setting must be set to #.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 16.3.2.1 Setup the K_test Test for Multi-Section Testing Users can enter loop characteristics for multi-section loops into the CableSHARK by pressing the MULTISECTION key. Users can enter characteristics of up to 5 sections into the CableSHARK. Typically a section is a different gauge of wire. FIGURE 16.3.2.1A – K-TEST CABLE CHARACTERISTICS SETUP SCREEN MULTI-SECTION TESTING FOR 16.3.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide FIGURE 16.3.3A – K-TEST RESULTS There are three parts of the circuit under test that are presented to the user. These parts are based on the location of the CableSHARK, the location of the fault and the location of the strap. The user will be given the following information: Distance to Fault, Distance to End, and Distance from End to Fault. The following image shows this in more detail.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE 16.3.3B – DISTANCES EXPLAINED Once the test has been completed, the status bar at the bottom of the screen will indicate that the test was complete what section the fault is located in, and the distance to the fault. The status screen will also show any errors and will ask the user to re-check the distances entered into each section and the strap connection.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix A Ideal Cable Results A.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier ANSI Loops 24 AWG 1500 ft 26 AWG 13500 ft ANSI Loop #2 24 AWG 3000 ft ANSI Loop #8 24 AWG 500 ft 24 AWG 500 ft ANSI Loop #3 ANSI Loop #4 26 AWG 7500 ft 24 AWG 6000 ft 26 AWG 7500 ft 22 AWG 1000 ft 24 AWG 1500 ft 24 AWG 4500 ft 22 AWG 1000 ft 22 AWG 2000 ft 24 AWG 1500 ft 26 AWG 9000 ft ANSI Loop #7 248 26 AWG 4500 ft ANSI Loop #9 26 AWG 3000 ft 24 AWG 12000 ft 26 AWG 13500 ft 22 AWG 1000 ft 26 AWG 6000 ft 26 AWG 1500 ft 26 AWG 1500 ft 26 AWG 1500 ft 26 AW
CableSHARK P3 User Guide A.2 Attenuation Responses The following graphs depict Attenuation responses to CSA, Extended CSA, Mid-CSA, and ANSI loop topologies (curve = calculated attenuation of ideal cable). These graphs represent the loop topologies outlined in Appendix A.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier CSA Loop #6 CSA Loop #8 CSA Loop #7 Extended CSA Loop #9 250
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Extended CSA Loop #10 Mid CSA Loop #1 Mid CSA Loop #2 Mid CSA Loop #0 251
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Mid CSA Loop #3 Mid CSA Loop #4 252 Mid CSA Loop #5 Mid CSA Loop #6
CableSHARK P3 User Guide ANSI Loop #2 ANSI Loop #4 ANSI Loop #3 ANSI Loop #5 253
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier ANSI Loop #6 ANSI Loop #8 ANSI Loop #7 ANSI Loop #9 254
CableSHARK P3 User Guide ANSI Loop #13 ANSI Loop #11 ANSI Loop #15 ANSI Loop #12 255
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 256
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix B Wire Gauge mm (0.253) Capacitance AWG 30 0.30 PE 0.32 PE 28 0.40 PE (0.405) 26 PIC Loop Characteristics Resistance Ω/kft nF/km 40 nF/mi 64.4 Ω/km 677 206 Ω/mi 1090 40 64.4 494 150 792 40 64.4 409 125 658 21.0 50 80.5 280 84.4 451 14.2 51.6 83.0 273 83.1 439 0.50 DW10 50.9 82.0 181 55.1 291 0.50 DUG 55 88.5 179 55.6 288 0.50 PE 50 80.5 179 54.5 288 51.6 83.0 172 52.3 276 40 64.4 123 37.5 198 45 72.4 113 34.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier COMMITTEE T1 --- Working Group T1E1.4 --- ftp://ftp.t1.org/T1E1/E1.4/Dir2001/1E140023.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix C CableSHARK Specifications General Features Dimensions: Weight: Operating temperature: Storage temperature: Humidity: Power supply: Battery: indication. Display: Test connections: Serial port: USB port: Ethernet port: Self-test: Voltage detection: Result storage: Languages: Phone Book: Dial/Loop Holding: Approx. 6.9” x 9.25” x 2.6” (175 x 235 x 65 mm) Approx. 4.8 lbs (2.2 kg) (including power adapter). o o o o Monochrome VGA : 32 to 120 F (0 to +50 C).
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Dialup test to a milliwatt source also measures Loss, Tone Frequency, and Noise with quiet termination.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Spot frequencies: Any 10 tones (user settable) within the transmit frequency range Receiver Characteristics Characteristics are subject to instrument noise floor (approx –70 dBm). Levels below –70 dBm can be measured using the PSD Noise test. Receive frequency: Receive level: Level accuracy: Frequency accuracy: Impedance: 300 Hz to 2.2 MHz, resolution 1 Hz (optionally to 6 MHz range) -90 to +24 dBm @ 100 Ω or 135 Ω, resolution 0.1 dB -90 to +10 dBm @ 600 Ω, resolution 0.1 dB -0.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier VF Impulse Noise Low threshold: Mid threshold: High threshold: Separation: Filters: Counter: –40 dBm to 0 dBm in 1 dB steps Low threshold plus separation Mid threshold plus separation 1 to 6 dB in 1 dB steps None, C-message, C-notched, D Filter (D is defined by IEEE 743-1995) Maximum 999 for each threshold Power influence Numeric display of the common mode C-Message and 3 kHz flat weighted noise and a plot of the fundamental as well as up to the 9th harmonic of the common mode in
CableSHARK P3 User Guide length range: Pulse width: Test signals: Amplitude: V.O.P.: Distance accuracy: Units: Horizontal scale: 10% to 25% of total cable length 28 ns to 20 µs (auto-selected in Auto TDR test) 330 µs in Manual mode Sine wave, Compensated Sine wave, Half-Sine wave, Square wave 10 V p-p on cable, 20 V p-p open circuit 0.400 to 0.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier End-to-End Frequency Response Plot with cursor and zoom 300 ft to 45000 ft (100 m to 13,500 m) Distance range: ** range will depend on cable type and condition ** specifications based on 24 AWG (0.5 PE mm) cabling Frequency range: Frequency accuracy: Accuracy: Resolution: Horizontal scale: Vertical scale: 4.3 kHz to 2.0 MHz (2.2 MHz or 6 MHz not supported) ± 50 ppm ± 0.5 dB 0.1 dB ISDN 500 kHz, HDSL 1 MHz, ADSL 2.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Bits/bin setting: ITU-T Annex B / ISDN, ETSI Full Rate / ISDN 8 – 15 bits per bin. 14 is default for full rate ADSL 8 is default for G.Lite Noise margin range: AUTO-CPE, AUTO-CO/EXCH, 0 to 32 dB in 1 dB steps Frequency range: 4.3 kHz to 1.104 MHz Frequency accuracy: ± 50 ppm DMT tone & noise accuracy: ± 0.5 dB Level resolution: 0.1 dB Horizontal scale: 0 - 1.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier ADSL2+: 4.3 kHz to 2.208 MHz Depends on Frequency Range (see above) -36 dBm/Hz to -156 dBm/Hz or 0 to – 120 dBm CPE / DSLAM detection: ADSL Annex A, ADSL Annex B, ADSL2, ADSL2+ Horizontal scale: Vertical scale: SHDSL Data Rate Test Extrapolated Results - Combined Frequency Response, PSD Noise / Crosstalk, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Disturber Identification, and Data Rate Estimation test plot with cursor and zoom.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Longitudinal Balance Test Single-end test: Frequency accuracy: Accuracy: Vertical scale: Horizontal scale: Near-End test plot with cursor & zoom ± 50 ppm ± 2 dB 0 to 80.0 dB 26 kHz to 2.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier AC Current: Accuracy: 0 to 77 mA ±2% of reading ±1 LSD Isolation resistance 100VDC safely limited to < 0.5 mA 0 to 999 MΩ auto-ranging 3 significant digits 0 - 999 Ω, ±1% or ±5 Ω 1 kΩ - 99 MΩ, ±1% of reading ±1 LSD 100 MΩ to 999 MΩ, ±5% of reading ±1 LSD Soak timer: 1 to 99 sec Source: Current: Range: Resolution: Accuracy: Spectral Detective Allows the CableSHARK to bridge (high-impedance) onto a live circuit to display a plot of transmitted levels and spectrum (PSD).
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Accuracy: ±2dB Return Loss Test (Plot with cursor and zoom) Range: 0 to 60 dB Resolution: 0.1 dB Accuracy: +/- 1 dB from 0 to 40 dB Horizontal scale: 17 kHz to 2.2 MHz Vertical scale: 0 to 60 dB RFL Resistive Fault Location. Detects faults such as shorts, grounds, and battery crosses. Displays total loop resistance, resistance to fault & resistance from fault to strap and equivalent distances.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Visi-SHARK A graphic user interface between the CableSHARK and a PC. ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Full graphic remote control of the CableSHARK from a PC. Allows downloading of results or showing results saved in USB memory into Microsoft Excel® format. Enables graphic screen captures and recall of test results from computer memory. Allows a graphic printout of any CableSHARK display screen on any graphic printer used with the PC.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix D Safety Information Before Operating the CableSHARK Unit: • Inspect the equipment for any signs of damage, and read the Operating Manual thoroughly. • Become familiar with all safety symbols and instructions in this manual to ensure that the equipment is operated and maintained safely.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Instructions The following safety instructions must be observed whenever the CableSHARK Unit is operated, serviced or repaired. Failing to comply with any of these instructions or with any precaution or warning contained in this manual is in direct violation of the standards of design, manufacturer and intended use of the equipment. EXFO Electro-optical Engineering Inc. assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with any of these safety requirements.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide NOTE If the CableSHARK is not used in the manner outlined in this operating manual, the protection provided by the CableSHARK may be impaired.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 274
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix E Warranty General Information EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. (EXFO) warrants this equipment against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of original shipment. EXFO also warrants that this equipment will meet applicable specifications under normal use.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier wear and tear, accident, abuse, neglect, fire, water, lightning or other acts of nature, causes external to the product or other factors beyond EXFO’s control. Certification EXFO certifies that this equipment met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix F Software Policy and Upgrades F.1 Software Policy EXFO wants its customers to have the very best and most up-to-date software for the CableSHARK. EXFO uses the industry standard for software numbering. Pre-releases of software have a value of less than 1.0 (i.e. 0.8) and are designated as preliminary. The first commercial release will be designated as 1.00. Any minor improvements on the software will be designated by a change in the least significant digit (i.e. from 1.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier From System Setup, press the UPGRADE SOFTWARE function key. The CableSHARK will ask you if you are sure to want to proceed and prompt you if your hardware has any software version limitations. Press Yes to continue or NO to return to the System Setup menu. If YES is pressed, the CableSHARK will indicate Waiting for Connection…. On the PC, run the CableSHARK upgrade executable. You can select from several connection types. FIGURE F.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide PC’s USB receptacle. Press Program. The PC program will install the necessary files onto the USB memory device. Once ready, plug this USB memory device into the CableSHARK and then start the upgrade process. EXFO commits to providing product service and repair for five years following the date of purchase. To send any equipment for service or repair: 1. Call one of EXFO’s authorized service centers (see EXFO Service Centers Worldwide).
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 280
CableSHARK P3 User Guide EXFO Service Centers Worldwide If your product requires servicing, contact your nearest authorized service center. EXFO Headquarters Service Center 400 Godin Avenue Vanier (Quebec) G1M 2K2 CANADA EXFO Europe Service Center Le Dynasteur 10/12, rue Andras Beck 92366 Meudon la Forêt Cedex FRANCE EXFO China Service Center/Beijing OSIC Beijing New Century Hotel Office Tower, Room 1754-1755 No. 6 Southern Capital Gym Road Beijing 100044 P.R.CHINA 1 866 683-0155 (USA and Canada) Tel.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 282
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix J Visi-SHARK Software Visi-SHARK is a MS Windows® 95/98/ME/2000/XP software package which enables you to use your PC to remote control the CableSHARK. In addition to making remote controlled measurements, VisiSHARK allows you to view, print or save to disk information from your local and remote CableSHARK(s), whether you are a few meters from the CableSHARK or thousands of kilometers away.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier J.3 Operation J.3.1 Running Visi-SHARK Visi-SHARK can be run from a Visi-SHARK shortcut icon on the Desktop, the Start Menu, and Windows® Explorer. J.3.1.1 Running Visi-SHARK from a Shortcut Icon on the Desktop The most convenient way to run the Visi-SHARK application is to use a shortcut icon on the Desktop. But first, a Visi-SHARK icon must created and be moved to the desktop.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide then clicking on Windows® Explorer. Browse to C:\Program Files\EXFO Ltd.\visi-shark and double-click on visi-shark.exe. If you have installed the software to a custom directory of your choice, then you must browse to that drive and directory and double-click on visi-shark.exe to run it. If you cannot remember which drive and directory the software is installed to, use the Windows® Find function to locate and run the file visi-shark.exe. J.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE J.4B - THE SETUP CONNECTION THROUGH…. DIALOG BOX The radio buttons to the left-hand side of the menu allow the user to select from Setup Connection through a COM port, Ethernet port, or connection through a MODEM. These three functions are described below. J.4.1 Setup Connection Via COM Ports If you wish to connect via a COM port, click the radio button next to the label “COM PORT” on the left-hand side of the “Setup Connection Through…” menu shown in the above figure.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide FIGURE J.4.1A - SETTINGS IN THE FLOW CONTROL DIALOG BOX Check to see that the settings in the Flow Control dialog box match the RS-232 settings in the Change Setup menu of the CableSHARK to which you wish to connect (consult your CableSHARK operating manual for more information on the RS-232 settings of the CableSHARK).
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier J.4.2 Connecting Through a Network via Ethernet If you wish to connect via Ethernet, click the radio button next to the label “NETWORK” on the left-hand side of the “Setup Connection Through…” menu shown in the figure below. On the Setup Connection Through… dialog box, there is a small field next to the label “IP address” where the desired IP address can be entered (see Figure J.4A). FIGURE J.4.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide e) Possibility that a crossover was used instead of a straight cable or vice versa. See Section 4.1.4 for more information. FIGURE J.4.2B – SOCKET ERROR J.4.3 Connecting Through a MODEM If you wish to connect via a MODEM, click the radio button next to the label “MODEM” on the left-hand side of the “Setup Connection Through…” menu shown in the figure below.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE J.4.3A - THE SETUP DIRECT CONNECTION DIALOG If you have already pre-programmed Dialed Number(s), you can select one of those numbers by clicking the button that has a downward pointing arrow on it that is to the right of the “Dialed Number” or the “Description” field. Select the number or description from the pull-down list that is displayed. FIGURE J.4.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide FIGURE J.4.3C - ADDING A NEW DIALED NUMBER To remove a pre-programmed Dialed Number, select the Number by clicking the button that has a downward pointing arrow on it that is to the right of the “Dialed Number” or “Description” field. Select the Number to be removed from the pull-down list that appears. Click the “Remove No.” button. J.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier FIGURE J.5A - A CABLESHARK IS CONNECTED VIA ETHERNET By clicking the on-screen buttons with the mouse, the user can control the remotely connected CableSHARK. The CableSHARK responds in the same manner as if the user was actually pressing the buttons on the CableSHARK unit. The simulated on-screen CableSHARK display changes accordingly, to reflect what the remotely connected CableSHARK is displaying.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide FIGURE J.6A - THE MENU BAR Some Menu Bar items may be unavailable in certain circumstances. For instance, the “Window” item will be unavailable when no windows are currently open. The toolbar also resides near the upper left of the VisiSHARK screen and it consists of several convenient icons that can be used to activate some of the most common functions. FIGURE J.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier J.6.1.2 Print The Print function enables the operator to print a previously stored set of test results, or a screen capture. When printing test results, this function is most useful for printing the entire set of results. If you wish to print a partial set of results, or certain pages only, then printing from the Print Preview function is a better choice, because you can view what information appears on each page before you print.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Alternatively, the Print Preview function can be activated by clicking on the “File” entry on the Menu Bar and then clicking on the “Print Preview” entry on the menu that is displayled. J.6.1.4 Print Setup This function enables you to set up the printer options and parameters just as for the Print function. However, this function allows setup for later printing only and it has no option to print. This function does not change the Windows® default printer or its settings.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The user can now click on “Recall from file…” to recall a previously saved screen capture from disk or click on “Capture to File” to take a screen capture of the active window on the screen and save it to disk. There are also two convenient menu bar icons that perform the Recall and Capture functions: Click the Recall Image icon to recall a previously saved screen capture from disk.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide To abort the Open dialog box, click on the Cancel button. J.6.2.2 Capture to file… Clicking this option will allow the user to take a screen capture of the active window on the screen and save it to disk. Screen captures have the file extension “.jpg”. This function is invoked by clicking the “Screen Image” item on the Menu Bar and then clicking the “Capture to file…” item on the menu that appears or by clicking on the Save Image icon. A Windows® save dialog will appear.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier J.6.3 New Connection Menu To set up a connection between the PC to the CableSHARK, click on New Connection on the menu bar as shown below. FIGURE J.6.3A – SELECTING DIRECT CONNECTION FROM THE NEW CONNECTION MENU Next, click on Setup Connection on the pull-down menu that is displayed. Through…” menu shown below is displalyed. The “Setup Connection FIGURE J.6.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide The user can also click the Direct Connection icon on the toolbar to invoke the “Setup Connection Through…” menu shown above. J.6.4 View Menu The View Menu contains two selections that control whether or not the Toolbar at the top of the screen is displayed and whether the Status Bar at the bottom of the screen is displayed. In some cases, it may be advantageous not to display the Status Bar and / or Toolbar so that more space in the main window is available to view results.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier J.6.5.1 Cascade Cascade arranges the test and/or result windows so that they are stacked on top of each other with a slight overlap. J.6.5.2 Tile The Tile function arranges the test and/or result windows so that they are “tiled” on the screen. Use this function to give a good view of several windows at once.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix K Glossary of Terms ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line) - a standard for transmitting at speeds up to 8 Mbps over a single copper pair. Asymmetrical means that the download speed is faster than the upload speed. ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) - technology that uses fixed-length packets or cells to switch voice, data, and video traffic over local and wide area networks.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier HDSL High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line - an xDSL technology in which modems on either end of two or more twisted pair lines deliver symmetric T1 and 2 MBIT/S (E1) speeds. Currently, T1 requires two lines and 2 MBIT/S (E1) requires three. ISDN- Integrated Services Digital Network Load Coil - An induction device employed in local loops exceeding 18,000 feet in length, that compensates for wire capacitance and boosts voice grade frequencies.
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 2B1Q Two Binary One Quaternary - A signaling method used across the 2-wire BRI (U reference point). 2B1Q is a four level line code associating 2 bits to each line signal. U Interface - The physical 2-wire echo canceling interface on the network side of the NT1.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 304
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix L Recycling and Disposal Applies to European Union Only Recycle or dispose of your product (including electric and electronic accessories) properly, in accordance with local regulations. Do not dispose of it in ordinary garbage receptacles.
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 306
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Notes 307
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 308
EXFO Corporate Headquarters > 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec) G1M 2K2 CANADA Tel.: 1 418 683-0211 Fax: 1 418 683-2170 info@EXFO.com Toll-free: 1 800 663-3936 (USA and Canada) Fax: 1 514 853-2232 Fax: 1 905 738-3712 Fax: 1 972 836-0164 Chandlers Ford, Hampshire S053 4SE ENGLAND Tel.: +44 2380 246810 Fax: +44 2380 246801 SINGAPORE 169876 Tel.: +65 6333 8241 Fax: +65 6333 8242 No.88 Fuhua, First Road Central Tower, Room 801, Futian District Shenzhen 518048, CHINA Tel.
