INDUCTION hobs INDUCTION
THE INDUCTION HOB CONTENTS Technical training 1- INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................5 2- THE OPERATING PRINCIPLE ................................................................................................................................7 2.1. 2.2. 3- THE PERFORMANCES .......................................................................................................
THE INDUCTION HOB CONTENTS Technical training 11 - THE IX3WR HOBS .................................................................................................................................................31 11.1. - Description ......................................................................................................................................................31 11.2. - Internal organization ............................................................................................
THE INDUCTION HOB INTRODUCTION Technical training 1- INTRODUCTION There are two techniques of glass-ceramic heating: • • The infrared. The induction. These glass-ceramic hobs are as like as two peas. The difference is only obvious once hobs are turned on. The infrared one glows red while the induction doesn’t seem to operate. The first is provided with radiant or halogen sources that transmit heat by radiation and conduction.
THE INDUCTION HOB PRINCIPLE Technical training C 2- THE OPERATING PRINCIPLE 2.1. - Analogy with the transformer An induction hob operates due to the electromagnetic properties of most containers used on traditional hobs. one can compare this hob with a transformer of which the secondary winding would have been shorted. A significant internal current arises therein and causes quick heating.
THE INDUCTION HOB PRINCIPLE Technical training 2.2. - Skin effect An induced current in a metallic mass will only cause significant heating if it flows through a significant resistor (P=RI2). A ferrite saucepan has only low resistivity. This is where a second natural phenomenon occurs, which is called ‘Skin effect’. 2.2.1. - Definition The propagation of the high-frequency current is not performed in the same way as a direct current.
THE INDUCTION HOB PERFORMANCES Technical training 3- THE PERFORMANCES 3.1. - Compared efficiencies The efficiency is the ratio that exists between consumed energy (gas or electricity) and energy converted into heat. Large differences exist between induction, range-top appliance, and other cooking modes. These efficiencies may vary depending on the diameter and quality of the container used. 3.2.
THE INDUCTION HOB SAUCEPANS 4- Technical training THE SAUCEPANS 4.1. - Compatible containers Induction requires appropriate saucepans. As cooking is performed by magnetic field, conductive materials are necessary. A simple means is used to check whether an implement is compatible or not: A magnet should stick to the bottom. During cooking, some pans can emit some noise (jangling). This is normal and due to the magnetic field. There is no risk, neither for the hob, nor for the pan.
THE INDUCTION HOB SAUCEPANS Technical training - Disadvantage : • Bad heat distribution (For the pan without a stuck bottom). • Compatibility is not always guaranteed: Some stainless steels give bad results. • When the hob recognizes a poor reaction of the pan, the power is automatically reduced. Advice: Use an enamelled pan to do some tests • The pan is noisier. ¾ Aluminium containers with special bottoms. • Aluminium containers are used more and more.
THE INDUCTION HOB INSTALLATION 5- Technical training INSTALLATION 5.1. - Flush mounting A minimum dimension shall be measured from the wall and sidewalls (back and/or sides). • Protection of cuts: Chipboards used for making working planes inflate relatively rapidly in contact with humidity. Apply to the cut edge a varnish or special glue to protect it from steam or condensation waters that can rise under the working plane. A seal ensures watertightness with the working plane.
THE INDUCTION HOB INSTALLATION Technical training 2 Cutting of 40cm in one of the furniture side Insulating plate Oven in down position Over an oven of other brand: The installation should guarantee fresh-air inlet at the rear and outlet at the front, and the oven shall be isolated from the hob Oven in up position Over an oven of same brand: The installation should guarantee fresh-air inlet at the rear and outlet at the front.
THE INDUCTION HOB INSTALLATION Technical training ¾ Above a dishwasher It is necessary to cover the top of the dishwasher with a plastic sheet (ASS reference 75X1652). Ensure a fresh air inlet and a front outlet of 4mm mini. 5.4. - Electrical connection Hobs with three or more sources have five wires to be connected. Wires other than the yellow/green shall be connected in pairs to a 32 Amp connector (connector specific for cooking).
THE INDUCTION HOB USE Technical training 6- USE 6.1. - Possible accesses IX6 : Keyboard with capacitive keys, including three keys for access to defined powers 6, 10 and max , an ON/OFF and keys to adjust the power step by step. On the right, the timer can be set the + and – keys IX6 : Keyboard with capacitive keys including three keys for access to defined powers 7, 11 , 15, plus a "Boost" key for a full power , an ON/OFF and keys to adjust adjustment the power step by step.
THE INDUCTION HOB USE Technical training 6.2. - Available powers Induction hobs propose 9, 12 or 15 power levels on each source, usually comprised between 50 and 2800 W. Certain sources (triple crown or Krône) integrate a booster function that provides a power of 3200 or 3600 Watts.
THE INDUCTION HOB USE Technical training 6.3. - ‘Booster’ function This function concentrates the maximum power on only one inducer. The "Boost", "MAX" or "Express" function are not made to cook during a long time but for a speed increase of the temperature in order to boil water for example. Boost function atomically limits the power of the other inducer. 6.4. - "STARTCONTROL" This function allows programming of the end-of-cooking time.
THE INDUCTION HOB USE Technical training Examples of "STARTCONTROL" uses : Dish Mashed potatoes Cooked rice, Pasta Soup (2 plates) Cooked vegetables Milk chocolat (1 mug) Container Casserole Casserole Casserole Poêle Casserole Lid Yes Yes Yes Yes No Power 4 4 5 4 4 Duration 12 min 8 to 9 min 10 min 10 to 12 min 10 min 6.5. - Safety devices 6.5.1. - Residual heat The latest models propose a “top hot” display. After intensive use, the cooking zone can remain hot for a few minutes.
THE INDUCTION HOB USE Technical training 6.5.5. - Safety in case of overflow In case of overflow, induction ho bis equipped with a safety feature. This function allows an automatic switch off of the hob with signal ‘-‘ and an audible alert. • • • Overflow covering the control keys. Wet towel covering the control keys. Metallic object put on the control keys 6.5.6. - "Small objects" A small pan, a fork, a spoon or each other small objects are not detected as a container.
THE INDUCTION HOB USE Technical training 6.6. - Cooking guide Follow the examples in the table and take into account that maximum powers are reserved for frying and quick bringing to the boil. Symbols (legend opposite) placed in the table are used to optimize the hob use.
THE INDUCTION HOB USE Technical training 6.7. - Service Glass ceramic is a silicium-based material that does not expand like glass. Its dimensions do not practically vary up to 750°C, as a part of the molecules composing it expands under heat, while an equal number retracts. A feature of this material is that it is a poor heat conductor and therefore limits heat loss. The plane surface of the glass ceramic and the sensitive controls make cleaning easy.
THE INDUCTION HOB GENERAL OPERATION 7- Technical training OPERATING STEPS 7.1. - Block diagram Power supply Inducers Filter 5 & 12 VDC P.S. Rectifier Control stage 25-50KHz inverter Inverter pilot Keyboard 7.2. - Keyboard There are two families of keyboards. Microswitch keyboards can be entirely tilting or fixed protected by tilting covers. In both cases, a ‘Keyboard operating’ information is recorded either by a switch (tilting keyboard), or by the action of a magnet (tilting cover) on an I.
THE INDUCTION HOB GENERAL OPERATION Technical training For this purpose, the same components are almost always used: Filtering capacitors, fuse(s), VDRs, high-inductance choke coils and an indispensable grounding. • • • • VDR (Voltage Dependent Resistor) begins conducting at 275 or 420 Volts (according to the model) and eliminate voltage peaks. The fuse preventing overcurrents is done so using a restriction on the board pad (Fuse pad). Actually, there are two series-mounted fuses.
THE INDUCTION HOB GENERAL OPERATION Technical training At rest Positive alternation Transistors T1 and T2 act as two open switches. Capacitors C1 and C2 are supplied and charged to a voltage V/2, the bridge is balanced, there is no current in the inducer. Transistor T1 is controlled and acts as a closed switch. A current flows through the inducer while C2 is charged to +V and C1 is discharged. Both transistors are blocked but the inducer forces a current flow.
THE INDUCTION HOB COMPONENTS Technical training 8- THE MAIN COMPONENTS Designation Function Features Single inducer This is a coil located under the glass ceramic, responsible for subjecting the magnetic field to the saucepan. It can have various sizes. A grounded screen limits the action of the magnetic field on the electronics. This screen integrates, in its lower section, magnetic ferrites whose role is to direct the field to the saucepan.
THE INDUCTION HOB COMPONENTS Designation Technical training Function Features Triple-crown inducer Inducer composed of 3 windings • Diameter 1 : 6 cm • Diameter 2 : 10 cm • Diameter 3 : 22 cm The cooking zone recognises and fits automatically the diameter of the container, 12 to 26 cm diameter, so as to: • Deliver the optimum power corresponding to the container. • Give excellent heat distribution.
THE INDUCTION HOB COMPONENTS Technical training Designation Function Features Filter board The filter board is used to eliminate the voltage peaks originating from the mains (hob protection and to protect the mains from interference generated by inducers. The filter board is composed of • Several VDR • High-value choke coils • A power supply relay • A fuse (fuse pad) On IX2, IX4000 and IX6, the filter board is integrated in the power board.
THE INDUCTION HOB IX1 AND IX2 9- Technical training THE IX1 AND IX2 HOBS 9.1. - Description IX1 : This first generation has manufactured between 90 and 91. composed of four boards. been It is IX2 : The second generation appeared in 92 and has been manufactured until 95. The ventilation was reviewed, 'filter' and 'power' boards have been associated.
THE INDUCTION HOB IX3 Technical training 10 - THE IX3 HOBS 10.1. - Description 230V~ The hob of generation IX3 is identified by the presence of a mounting part that appears under the hob, ventilation part, and by its internal composition of two boards (filter and power), with the keyboard possibly having several various shapes, according to the brand and model. Filter board Earthing screw, its presence is imperative Fan power supply The IX3 operating principle is the same as IX1 and 2.
THE INDUCTION HOB IX3 Technical training 10.2. - Internal organization 10.3. - Details of the power circuit IX3 power circuit is organized like generations IX1 and IX2, namely: • • • • Front / rear distribution by two relays. Saucepan detection using a current transformer. The measurement of current made is used to check the saucepan compatibility. Use of two bipolar transistors. Integrated rectifier bridge.
THE INDUCTION HOB IX3 WR Technical training 11 - THE IX3WR HOBS 11.1. - Description The hob of generation IX3 WR (like IX3) is identified by the presence of a mounting part that appears under the hob, the ventilation section, and its internal composition of two boards (filter and power), the keyboard that can have various shapes according to the trademark and model. The power board was modified, the heat sink occupies all the height of the board and both relays have disappeared.
THE INDUCTION HOB IX3 WR Technical training 11.2. - Internal organization 11.3. - Details of the power circuit The IX3WR power circuit strongly differs from the IX3. • • • • • Integrated rectifier bridge. The front / rear distribution by relay is replaced by the inverter stage doubling. The result is: 2 x 2 recovery diodes, 2 x 2 capacitors, 2 X 2 Transistors A current transformer by inverter to ensure saucepan detection. Use of IGBT transistors.
THE INDUCTION HOB IX4000 Technical training 12 - THE IX4000 HOBS 12.1. - Description IX4000 is designed to meet the needs of range-bottom inductions. It replaces version IX3, and complements the IX3WR offer. It is easily identified thanks to its characteristic lower air inlet and controls the standard and Krône sources. Production start: October 2002. 12.2. - Internal organization The filter board is integrated into power board.
THE INDUCTION HOB IX4000 Technical training 12.3. - Details of the power circuit The power circuit is inspired from both the IX3 hob (for the principle) and the IX3WR hob (for components). • • • • Integrated rectifier bridge (located under dissipation sheet metal). Front / rear distribution ensured by a single relay. A current transformer ensures the saucepan detection. Use of IGBT transistors (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) for the inverter.
LA TABLE DE CUISSON A INDUCTION Formation technique IX6 13 - THE IX6 HOBS 13.1. - Introduction IX6 replace IX3WR electronic control, The air inlets are the same as IX4000. The cabinet has been modified to improve the air vacuum at the front and simply the fitting. The IX6 hobs can be recognized by its only one board including a large radiator over the electronic. The keyboard can be different according to the brand and the model. IX6 allows supplying all kinds of inducers.
LA TABLE DE CUISSON A INDUCTION IX6 Formation technique 13.2. - Internal organization As for IX4000, the filter board has been included in the power board. The fan is supplied under 12 VDC but this voltage can be under this value according to the measured temperature on the board.
LA TABLE DE CUISSON A INDUCTION Formation technique IX6 13.3. - Power circuit description The power circuit uses the same principle as IX3WR (for the main components). • • • • • 4 diodes rectifier The front / rear power distribution by relay is replaced by the inverter stage doubling. The result is: 2 x 2 recovery diodes, 2 x 2 capacitors, 2 X 2 Transistors A current transformer by inverter to ensure container detection. Use of IGBT transistors.
THE INDUCTION HOB DIAGNOSTIC Technical training 14 - AID TO DIAGNOSTIC Prior The first step is to identify the symptom of the problem with the hob. To help you in your diagnostic, the hob displays a few dysfunction messages, remember that on each power-up, you have to wait a few seconds for it to start operating. Ensure that the problem is not related to the use of a specific container, check in the "Class Induction" list that the container is part of it or check the "lock-on" by using a test container.
THE INDUCTION HOB DIAGNOSTIC Technical training 14.1.3. - Breakage resulting from a tight assembly A tight assembly is due to bad flush mounting of the hob in the frame, or to bad assembly of the frame onto the hob. This result in only few cracks, often only one, as shown by the two drawings. Regions of contractions (jamming) can be in a. b. or c. In some cases, cracks do not break completely the plate. 14.1.4.
THE INDUCTION HOB DIAGNOSTIC Technical training 14.2. - The 'error' codes 'Error' codes are a precious aid to diagnostic. Take care to well identify the model to be troubleshooted, as codes do not always have the same meaning. IX3 NTC T°C < 5°C IX3WR, IX4000 and IX6 Room too cold Front source: Pb of shorted NTC (F1) or open circuit (F2) Rear source: Pb of shorted NTC (F3) or open circuit (F4) Sans objet Check the assembly, connection and ohmic value of the NTC.
THE INDUCTION HOB DIAGNOSTIC Technical training 14.3. - Tests and measurements on IX3, IX3WR, IX4000 and IX6 Where the action on the board is not desired, the diagnostic will be limited to the defective element. Any action on the circuit shall be carried out after eliminating the causes that may be due to saucepans or to a bad installation. To avoid damaging the electronic components, never touch the circuit with your fingers.
THE INDUCTION HOB DIAGNOSTIC Technical training 14.3.3. - Measurements on IX3 power board These test points are used to check whether the independent filter board 310VDC approx.
THE INDUCTION HOB DIAGNOSTIC Technical training 14.4.
THE INDUCTION HOB DIAGNOSTIC Technical training 14.5. - Troubleshooting advice (IX3, IX3WR and IX4000) It is difficult to supply a troubleshooting chart since causes are numerous. Within the framework of an After-sales Department action, the reasoning will be limited to identify which of the components (Control board, filter board, keyboard, inducer, fan …) is faulty without trying to act on the component itself (Replacement of components).
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