® Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Three Phase Energy and Power Quality Analyzer Users Manual EN January 2012, rev.1 06/12 © 2012 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in the EU All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
Table of Contents Chapter 1 Title General Aspects .................................................................................. 1-1 Introduction........................................................................................................ Limited Warranty & Limitation of Liability...................................................... Shipment Note ................................................................................................... Contacting a Service Center.................
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Phase Colors ...................................................................................................... 5-2 Screen Types...................................................................................................... 5-2 Screen information common for all screen types............................................... 5-3 6 Input Connections ............................................................................... 6-1 Introduction.................
Contents (continued) 14 Unbalance ............................................................................................ 14-1 Introduction........................................................................................................ Phasor screen ..................................................................................................... Meter Screen ...................................................................................................... Trend........................
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual 22 Shipboard V/A/Hz ................................................................................ 22-1 Introduction........................................................................................................ Meter screen....................................................................................................... Trend.................................................................................................................. Events ....
Chapter 1 General Aspects Introduction This chapter informs you about a number of general and important aspects concerning the Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Three Phase Energy and Power Quality Analyzer (hereafter referred to as ‘Analyzer’). This concerns: • Warranty and Liability Conditions. • Shipment Note: Survey of items that should be included in your Analyzer Kit. • Contacting a Fluke Service Center. • Safety Information: Read First! • Safe Use of Li-ion Battery Pack.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Limited Warranty & Limitation of Liability Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. The warranty period is three years for the Analyzer and one year for its accessories. The warranty period begins on the date of shipment. Parts, product repairs and services are warranted for 90 days.
General Aspects Shipment Note 1 Shipment Note The following items are included in your Analyzer Kit: Note: This Shipment Note reflects the contents of the standard product. The contents of a special version may be different. The difference is indicated in a Manual Supplement that is part of the shipment. Note: When new, the Analyzer’s rechargeable Li-ion battery is not charged. Refer to Chapter 4 – Powering the Analyzer. Figure 1-1.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual # Description 1 Power Quality Analyzer Fluke 43x Series II + Side Strap, Battery Pack BP290 (28 Wh) and 8 GB SD Memory Card Installed 2 Decal Set for Input Sockets (EU & UK, EU, China, UK, US, Canada) 3 Hang Strap 4 Alligator Clips. Set of 5 5 Test Leads, 2.5 m + Color Coding Clips. Set of 5 6 Power Adapter 7 Line Plug Adapter Set (EU, US, UK, Australia/China, Switzerland, Brazil, Italy) or Regional Power Cord.
General Aspects Safety Information: Read First See explanation in manual Direct Current Safety Approval Earth Double Insulation (Protection Class) Conformité Européenne Recycling information Disposal information Safety Approval Conforms to relevant Australian standards RoHS China Current Clamp Do not apply around or remove from hazardous live conductors. Do no dispose of this product as unsorted municipal waste.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual • Use only correct measurement category (CAT), voltage, and amperage rated probes, test leads, and adapters for the measurement. • Do not exceed the Measurement Category (CAT) rating of the lowest rated individual component of a product, probe, or accessory. • Comply with local and national safety codes.
General Aspects Safe Use of Li-ion Battery Pack 1 Measurement Category IV (CAT IV) refers to the overhead or underground utility service of an installation. CAT III refers to distribution level and fixed installation circuits inside a building. If Safety Features are Impaired If the Analyzer is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the Analyzer may be impaired.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Recommendations to safe use of the Battery Pack. • The Battery Pack needs to be charged before use. Use only Fluke approved power adapters to charge the battery pack. Refer to Fluke’s safety instructions and Users Manual for proper charging instructions. • Do not leave a battery on prolonged charge when not in use. • The Battery Pack gives the best performance when operated at normal room temperature 20 °C ± 5 °C (68 °F ± 9 °F).
General Aspects Safe Use of Li-ion Battery Pack • Hand carried luggage: a number of Battery Packs as required for normal and individual use is allowed. • Always consult national/local guidelines that are applicable for shipment by mail or other transporters. • A maximum of 3 Battery Packs may be shipped by mail. The package must be marked as follows: PACKAGE CONTAINS LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES (NO LITHIUM METAL). 1 Recommendations to safe disposal of a Battery Pack.
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Chapter 2 About This Manual Introduction This Users Manual gives full and comprehensive information on how to use the Fluke Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Three Phase Energy and Power Quality Analyzers effectively and in a safe manner. Read it carefully to learn about safe use of the Analyzer and its accessories and to take full advantage of all measuring modes. Information in this manual may be subject to minor changes without notice.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual - Unbalance (14), - Inrush Currents (15), - Power Quality Monitoring (16). - Flicker (17), - Transients (18), - Power Wave (19), - Mains Signaling (20), - Logger (21). - Shipboard V/A/Hz (22) 2-2 • Chapter 23. Cursor and Zoom: how to investigate measurement details. • Chapter 24. Setting up the Analyzer: a comprehensive explanation of adjustments to customize measurements. • Chapter 25.
Chapter 3 Features of Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Introduction The Analyzer offers an extensive and powerful set of measurements to check power distribution systems. Some give a general impression of power system performance. Others are used to investigate specific details. This chapter gives an overview on how to perform measurements in a logical order. The measuring modes are described in detail in Chapter 7 to 22. Each measuring mode is explained in a separate chapter.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual To get a general impression of the quality of a power system use MONITOR. The MONITOR function displays a screen with Bar Graphs that show quality aspects of the phase voltages. A Bar Graph changes from green to red if the related aspect does not meet the active set of limits. An example of a set of limits is the set according to the EN50160 norm. This set is present as a fixed set in the Analyzer’s memory. Also user definable sets can be stored in memory.
Features of Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Logging of Measuring Values in Meter Screens 3 Logging of Measuring Values in Meter Screens All measuring values in a Meter screen are logged. The average, minimun and maximum values are logged with an adjustable average time (default value: 1 s) during the time that the measurement is running. The average time is adjustable via the key sequence SETUP, F4 – MANUAL SETUP, F3 – FUNCTION PREF. Use the arrow keys to select the desired Average time.
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Chapter 4 Basic Operations and Menu Navigation Introduction This chapter deals with a number of general aspects of the Analyzer’s operation: • Tilt Stand and Hang Strap • Powering the Analyzer • Installation and Replacement of a Battery Pack • SD Memory Card • Display Brightness • Locking the keyboard • Menu navigation • Display Contrast • Reset to Factory Defaults 4-1
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Tilt Stand and Hang Strap The Analyzer has a tilt stand that allows viewing the screen at an angle when placed on a flat surface. Figure 4-1 shows this. Also shown in this Figure is the location of the USB Interface connector. This interface also allows RS-232 communication with GPS430 option. Mini USB Figure 4-1. Tilt stand and location of USB interface connector A hang strap is supplied with the Analyzer.
Basic Operations and Menu Navigation Powering the Analyzer 4 Powering the Analyzer The Analyzer has a built-in rechargeable Li-ion battery that can power it for more than 7 hours when fully charged. When powered by battery, the battery condition symbol in the screen header indicates the charge condition. This symbol ranges from fully charged to . Detailed information on the battery condition can be found on the empty: Analyzer’s screen after the key operations: SETUP, F2 – VERSION & CAL, F2 – BATT. INFO.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Installation and Replacement of a Battery Pack Warning Never Operate the Analyzer with the Battery Cover removed! Hazardous voltage exposure may occur. To install or replace a Battery Pack, proceed as follows: • Remove all probes and/or test leads. • Fold the standup to the Analyzer. • Unlock the battery cover at the rear of the Analyzer (turn the screws a quarter turn counter clockwise as shown in Figure 4-3).
Basic Operations and Menu Navigation SD Memory Card 4 Figure 4-4. Removing the Battery Cover Figure 4-5. Removing the Battery SD Memory Card Warning Never Operate the Analyzer with the Battery Cover removed! Hazardous voltage exposure may occur. The Analyzer has a SD Memory Card for storage of measurement data. This data is retained also when the Analyzer is disconnected from its power sources. If the Memory card is not installed, only momentary measurement data is available.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Display Brightness Press repeatedly to dim/brighten the backlight. Keep pressed for more than 5 seconds for extra brightness for better visibility in strong sunlight (when powered by battery). Low brightness saves battery power. Locking the keyboard The keyboard can be locked to prevent unwanted operation during unattended measurements: ENTER Press for 5 seconds to lock or unlock the keyboard. Menu Navigation Most of the Analyzer functions are menu operated.
Basic Operations and Menu Navigation Reset to Factory Defaults 4 Reset to Factory Defaults Proceed as follows to reset the Analyzer to factory default settings (initial setups, limits, etc.): Turn power off, then press and hold SAVE SCREEN and turn on again. You should hear a double beep, OR Use submenu SETUP, USER PREF. as a starting point. How to get there is explained above under Menu Navigation: F1 Press to start the reset to default settings.
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Chapter 5 Display Information Introduction The Analyzer uses five different screen types to present measuring results in the most effective way. The features these screens have in common are explained in this chapter. Details that are specific for a certain measuring mode are presented in the chapter explaining that mode. The screen header is presented in the selected information language. The figure below gives an overview of the screen types 1 .. 6; common features are explained under A ... F.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Phase Colors Measuring results belonging to different phases are presented with individual colors. If for a certain phase - voltage and current are displayed simultaneously, the voltage color has a dark tone and the current has a light tone. The set of phase colors can be chosen via the SETUP key and function key F1 – USER PREF. Then select Phase Colors with the up/down arrow keys. Next press ENTER to reach the menu.
Display Information Screen information common for all screen types 5 Screen information common for all screen types Refer to Figure 5-1, item A ... F A Measuring mode: the active measuring mode is shown in the screen header. B Measuring values: main numerical measuring values. Background colors differ per phase and for voltage or current. If Cursor is on, the values at the Cursor are shown. C Status indicators.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual E Status line: following information appears on the screen. How to adjust these items is explained in Chapter 20 – General Settings. Following information is given: Date of Analyzer’s real time clock. Date format may be month-day-year or day-month-year. Time of day or cursor time. Nominal line voltage and frequency: are a reference for the measurements. GPS signal strength indicator. Number of phases and wiring configuration for the measurement.
Chapter 6 Input Connections Introduction This chapter explains how to make connection to the power distribution system under test and how to adjust the Analyzer settings. Check that the Analyzer setup meets the characteristics of the system under test and the accessories that are used.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Figure 6-1. Mounting the decals for voltage and current inputs De-energize power systems before making connections whenever possible. Always use appropriate equipment for personal protection. Avoid working alone and work according to the warnings listed in Chapter 1, Safety Information. For a 3-phase system make the connections as shown in Figure 6-2. Figure 6-2.
Input Connections Input Connections 6 For single phase measurements, use current input A (L1) and the voltage inputs Ground, N(eutral), and phase A (L1). A (L1) is the reference phase for all measurements. Before making any measurements, set the Analyzer up for the line voltage, frequency, and wiring configuration of the power system you want to measure. This is explained in Chapter 24, General Settings.
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Chapter 7 Scope Waveform and Phasor Introduction Scope mode shows voltages and currents in the power system under test by means of waveforms or vector diagram. Also numerical values are shown such as phase voltages (rms, fundamental, and at cursor), phase currents (rms, fundamental and at cursor), frequency, and phase angles between voltages and currents.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual F3 Access to the Phasor screen. For description see below. F4 Up/down arrow keys are assigned to vertical zoom. F5 Switch back to active measurement (e.g. Volts/Amps/Hertz). If Scope Waveform/Phasor is the only active measurement: switch to MENU. Cursor. When the Cursor is on, the waveform values at the Cursor are displayed in the screen header. Zoom.
Scope Waveform and Phasor Tips and Hints 7 Tips and Hints Scope Waveform gives a clear view of current and voltage waveform shapes. Voltage waveforms in particular should be smooth and sinusoidal. If you see voltage distortion, it is a good idea to check the harmonics display. The rms voltages and frequency should be close to their nominal values. Waveform and Phasor display are also useful to check if voltage leads and current clamps are connected correctly.
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Chapter 8 Volts/Amps/Hertz Introduction Volts/Amps/Hertz displays a Meter screen with important numerical measuring values. The related Trend screen shows the changes over time of all values in the Meter screen. Events such as dips and swells are listed in a table. Fluke 437-II is able to perform measurements in 400 Hz power systems (Marine, Aerospace, Rail, Military).
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual The figures in the Meter screen are present values that may update constantly. Changes in these values over time are recorded as soon as the measurement is turned on. The recording is visible in the Trend screen. Logging. All measuring values in meter screen are logged. Refer to Chapter 3, paragraph Logging of Measuring Values for more information.
Volts/Amps/Hertz Events 8 Switch between HOLD and RUN of screen update. Switching from HOLD to RUN invokes a menu to select immediate (NOW) or TIMED start time which allows you to define start and duration of the measurement. F5 Cursor. When the Cursor is on, the Trend values at the Cursor are displayed in the screen header. Moving the Cursor off the left or right side of the screen brings the next screen into the viewing area. Zoom.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Available function keys: F1 Switch to wave event display: this will show a scope waveform around the selected event. Available in Fluke 435-II and 437-II. F2 Switch to rms event display: this will show the ½ cycle rms trend around the selected event. Available in Fluke 435-II and 437-II. F3 Switch between NORMAL and DETAILED event table. F4 Return to Trend screen.
Chapter 9 Dips & Swells Introduction Dips & Swells records Dips, Interruptions, Rapid Voltage Changes, and Swells. Dips (Sags) and Swells are fast deviations from the normal voltage. Magnitude may be ten up to hundreds of volts. Duration may vary from a half cycle to a few seconds as defined in EN61000-4-30. The Analyzer allows you to choose nominal or sliding reference voltage. A sliding reference voltage uses measured values filtered with a 1-minute time constant.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Figure 9-2. Characteristics of a voltage swell During an Interruption the voltage sinks well below its nominal value. In three phase systems an interruption begins when the voltage on all phases are below threshold and ends when one phase is equal to or above the interruption threshold plus hysteresis. The trigger conditions for interruptions are threshold and hysteresis. Interruptions are characterized by duration, magnitude and time of occurrence.
Dips & Swells Trend 9 Steady time Maximum voltage change Voltage tolerance Normal voltage Voltage step Rate of change Voltage tolerance Steady time Transition time Figure 9-4. Characteristics of a rapid voltage change In addition to the voltage also current is recorded. This allows you to see cause and effect of deviations. Function key F4 – EVENTS accesses event tables where voltage events are listed in sequence.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual For the main screen all configured voltage (Vrms half cycle) and current (Arms half cycle) channels are recorded to allow viewing of cause and effect of deviations. Not all channels are displayed simultaneously. The up/down arrow keys allow selection of the set of trends to be displayed. The screen builds up from the right side of the screen and the corresponding values are displayed in the screen header.
Dips & Swells Events Tables 9 Events Tables To access the Dips & Swells Events Tables: f F4 The Events table lists all threshold crossings of phase voltages. Thresholds according to international standards or user-definable thresholds can be used. Threshold adjustment is reached via the SETUP key, F4 – MANUAL SETUP and Limits. For detailed information see Chapter 24, Limits Adjustments. With the Analyzer in HOLD mode you can see event details in the modes WAVE EVENT and RMS EVENT.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Tips and Hints The occurrence of Dips (Sags) and Swells may indicate a weak power distribution system. In such a system voltage will change considerably when a big motor or a welding machine is switched on or off. This may cause lights to flicker or even show visible dimming. It may cause reset and loss of data in computer systems and process controllers.
Chapter 10 Harmonics Introduction Harmonics measures and records harmonics and interharmonics up to the 50th. Related data such as DC components, THD (Total Harmonic Distortion), and K-factor are measured. Harmonics are periodic distortions of voltage, current, or power sinewaves. A waveform can be considered as a combination of various sinewaves with different frequencies and magnitudes. The contribution of each of these components to the full signal is measured.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual d e ENTER The Bar Graph display shows the percentage contribution of each of the components related to the full signal. A signal without distortion should show a 1st harmonic (= the fundamental) at 100 % while the others are at zero: in practice this will not occur because there always is a certain amount of distortion resulting in higher harmonics. A pure sinewave becomes distorted when higher frequency components are added to it.
10 Harmonics Meter screen Available function keys: F1 Selection of harmonics type: Voltage, Current, or Real Power (Watt). Power harmonics can have positive and negative polarity. F2 Selection of waveform set to be used: A (L1), B (L2), C (L3), N (neutral) or ALL F3 Access the Meter screen. F5 Switch between HOLD and RUN of screen update. Switching from HOLD to RUN invokes a menu to select immediate (NOW) or TIMED start time which allows you to define start and duration of the measurement.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Trend To access the Harmonics Trend screen: g F4 Trend shows how harmonics and related parameters vary over time: Cursor and Zoom can be used in HOLD mode to investigate trend details. All values in the Meter screen are recorded, but the Trends from each row in the Meter screen are displayed one at a time. Use the arrow keys to scroll the Trend screen.
Harmonics Tips and Hints 10 Positive sequence harmonics try to make a motor run faster than the fundamental; negative sequence harmonics try to make the motor run slower than the fundamental. In both cases the motor looses torque and heats up. Harmonics can also cause transformers to overheat. Even harmonics disappear if waveforms are symmetrical, i.e. as equally positive and negative. Zero sequence current harmonics add in Neutral conductors. This can cause overheating of these conductors. Distortion.
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Chapter 11 Power & Energy Introduction Power & Energy displays a Meter screen showing all important power parameters. The related Trend screen shows the changes over time of all measuring values in the Meter screen. An Events table lists all crssings of threshold voltages. The Analyzer also displays energy usage. Power calculations are done for Fundamental and Full.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Meter screen To access the Power & Energy Meter screen: c MENU d e ENTER The following power measurements are made: - Real power (W, kW): measurement as normally registered by energy usage meters. The full spectrum is used. - Apparent power (VA, kVA): the full spectrum is used. - Reactive power (var, kvar): the fundamental frequency is used. - Harmonic power (VA or kVA Harm): non fundamental frequency powers.
11 Power & Energy Trend By a using TIMED start of the measurement, the Analyzer can be used to measure energy usage during a predefined period of time. TIMED start can be adjusted when switching from HOLD to RUN with function key F5. Available function keys: F1 Up/down arrow keys are assigned to scroll Meter screen. F3 Access to Trend screen. For description see below. F4 Access to Events menu. The number of events that occurred is shown. F5 Switch between HOLD and RUN of screen update.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Cursor. When the Cursor is on, the Trend values at the Cursor are displayed in the screen header. Moving the Cursor off the left or right side of the screen brings the next of six screens into the viewing area. Zoom. Allows you to expand or shrink the display vertically or horizontally to view details or to fit a complete graph within the screen area. Zoom and Cursor are operated by the arrow keys and explained in Chapter 23.
Chapter 12 Energy Loss Calculator Introduction The Analyzer provides advanced analysis of energy usage to help you to determine where energy losses occur and to visualize their impact on the energy bill. The Energy Loss function allows to determine losses due to several causes: - Effective kW. Loss due to transport of the effective power. Caused by resistance of wires. This is the only component of the power that is transferable in useful mechanical energy. - Reactive kvar.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Energy Loss Calculator Display To access the Energy Loss Calculator screen: c MENU d e ENTER Cable properties, tariff and currency can be preset via the key sequence SETUP key, F4 – MANUAL SETUP, F3 – FUNCTION PREFerence, F4 – ENERGY LOSS. How to proceed is explained in Chapter 24 Setup. Available function keys: 12-2 F1 Access to menu to adjust cable data, tariff, currency. F2 Access to menu to adjust cable data, tariff, currency.
12 Energy Loss Calculator Meter Meter To access the Energy Loss Meter screen: f F3 A large number of measurements are available: - Arms, kW fund, kVA fund, kvar, kVA harm are shown per phase and in total. - kVA unb, kW R loss, kW var loss, kW unb loss, kW harm loss, kW An loss, kW tot loss are shown in total. - kWh R loss, kWh var loss, kWh harm loss, kWh unb loss, kWh An loss, kWh tot loss are shown in total. - kcost R, kcost var, kcost unb, kcost harm, kcost An, kcost tot are shown in total.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Tips and Hints A power system is utilized in an optimal way if voltage and current are sinusoidal, in phase, and balanced. Any deviation from this will cause efficiency loss and thus waste of energy. A poor power factor is usualy caused by reactive devices such as transformers and motors. The power factor can be improved by adding capacitors in parallel with the inductive load. The ideal situation is a cos phi or DPF equal or close to 1.
Chapter 13 Power Inverter Efficiency Introduction Power Inverter Efficiency measures the efficiency and amount of energy being delivered by inverters that convert single phase dc into single or three phase ac. This concerns inverters such as used in solar panel systems, variable speed drives and Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) systems. The Power Inverter Efficiency measurement measures the dc voltage and current that feed the inverter input.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Meter screen To access the Power Inverter Efficiency Meter screen: c MENU d e ENTER f F5 Available function keys: 13-2 F1 Up/down arrow keys are assigned to scroll Meter screen. F3 Access to the Trend screen. For description see below. F5 Switch between HOLD and RUN of screen update. Switching from HOLD to RUN invokes a menu to select immediate (NOW) or TIMED start time which allows you to define start and duration of the measurement.
13 Power Inverter Efficiency Trend Trend To access the POWER INVERTER EFFICIENCY Trend screen: g F3 All values in the Meter screen are recorded, but the Trends from each row in the Meter screen are displayed one at a time. Press Function key F1 to assign the up/down arrow keys to row selection. The traces build up from the right side. Readings in the header correspond to the most recent values plotted on the right. Available function keys: F1 Up/down arrow keys are assigned to scroll Trend screen.
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Chapter 14 Unbalance Introduction Unbalance displays phase relations between voltages and currents. Measuring results are based upon the fundamental frequency component (60 Hz, 50 Hz, or 400 Hz in Fluke 437-II) using method of symmetrical components). In a 3-phase power system, the phase shift between voltages and between currents should be close to 120°. Unbalance mode offers a Meter screen, a related Trend display, Events tables, and a Phasor display.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual The Phasor Screen shows the phase relation between voltages and currents in a vector diagram divided in 30 degree sections. The vector of the reference channel A (L1) points to the positive horizontal direction. A similar vector diagram is displayed under Scope Phasor.
14 Unbalance Trend Trend To access the Unbalance trend screen: f F3 The figures in the Meter screen are instantaneous values that update constantly. Changes in these values over time are recorded whenever the measurement is active. All values in the Meter screen are recorded, but the Trends from each row in the Meter screen are displayed one at a time. Press function key F1 to assign the arrow keys to row selection. The Trend display may consist of 6 screens.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Tips and Hints The voltages and currents in the Meter screen can e.g. be used to check if power applied to a 3-phase induction motor is in balance. Voltage unbalance causes high unbalanced currents in stator windings resulting in overheating and reduced motor life. The Negative Voltage component Vneg. should not exceed 2 %. Current unbalance should not exceed 10 %. In case of too high unbalance, use other measuring modes to further analyze the power system.
Chapter 15 Inrush Introduction Inrush Currents can be captured by the Analyzer. Inrush Currents are surge currents that occur when a large, or low-impedance load comes on line. Normally the current will stabilize after some time when the load has reached normal working condition. For example the start-up current in induction motors can be ten times the normal working current. Inrush is a ‘single shot’ mode that records current and voltage Trends after a current event (the trigger) has occurred.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual e ENTER f F3 Use the arrow keys in the Start menu to adjust the trigger limits: expected inrush time, nominal current, threshold, and hysteresis. The maximum current determines the vertical height of the current display windows. Threshold is the current level that triggers the trend capture. The screen header displays the rms of all rms values during the inrush time. If the Cursor is on, the rms measuring values at the Cursor are displayed.
15 Inrush Inrush Trend Display DURATION AMPLITUDE WINDOW THRESHOLD (=TRIGGER) } HYSTERESIS pretrigger inrush time rms during inrush t 35 s 1 12.3 A 2 12.3 A 3 1.5 A Figure 15-1. Inrush characteristics and relation with start menu Use Cursor and Zoom to investigate details of the recorded Trends. Selection of channels to be displayed is done with the up/down arrow keys. Press function key F1 to assign the arrow keys to this.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Available function keys: F1 Up/down arrow keys are assigned to scroll Meter screen. F2 Access to cursor and zoom menu. F3 Access to Meter screen showing half cycle rms for voltage and current. F4 Access to Events menu. The number of events that occurred is shown. F5 Switch between HOLD and RUN of screen update.
Chapter 16 Monitor - Power Quality Monitoring Introduction Power Quality Monitoring or System Monitor displays a Bar graph screen. This screen shows whether important Power Quality parameters meet requirements. Parameters include: 1. RMS voltages 2. Harmonics 3. Flicker 4. Dips/Interruptions/Rapid Voltage Changes/Swells (DIRS) 5. Unbalance/Frequency/Mains Signaling. Monitor is started via a menu to select immediate or timed start of the measurement.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II UNBALANCE FREQUENCY MAINS SIGNALING DIPS INTERRUPTIONS RAPID VOLTAGE CHANGES SWEELS B / L2 C / L3 A / L1 B / L2 C / L3 A / L1 B / L2 C / L3 A / L1 PER PHASE ALL PHASES Users Manual Figure 16-1. Power Quality Monitor Main Screen The length of a bar increases if the related parameter is further away from its nominal value. The bar turns from green to red if an allowed tolerance requirement is violated.
16 Monitor - Power Quality Monitoring Introduction The momentary rms voltage is constantly monitored by the Analyzer. It calculates an average from these measuring values across 10-minute observation periods. The 10minute averages are compared against the tolerance range (in this example 102 ... 138 V). The 100 % limit means that the 10-minute averages must always (i.e. 100 % of time or with 100 % probability) be within range.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Power Quality Main Screen To access the Power Quality Main screen: c MENU d e ENTER f F5 Power Quality Monitoring is reached via the MONITOR selection under the MENU key. A start menu allows for Immediate or Timed start. With the left/right arrow keys you can position the Cursor on a particular Bar Graph. Measuring data belonging to the bar is shown in the screen header.
16 Monitor - Power Quality Monitoring Trend Display The measurement data available under the Function keys is explained in the following sections. Data is presented in the formats Events Table, Trend Display, and Bar Graph screen. Trend Display Figure 16-2. Trend Display The Trend screen shows the changes over time of measuring values. Zoom and Cursor are available to examine Trend details. Zoom and Cursor are operated by the arrow keys and explained in Chapter 23.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Normal lists the major event characteristics: start date/time, duration, event type, and magnitude. Detail gives information on threshold crossings for each phase of an event. Wave event shows a scope waveform around the selected event. RMS event shows the ½ cycle rms trend around the selected event. Wave event and rms event are available in Fluke 435-II and 437-II.
16 Monitor - Power Quality Monitoring Bar Graph Screen Measurement specific features: • Vrms events: an event is recorded each time that a 10 minute aggregated rms value violates its limits. • Harmonics events: an event is recorded each time a 10 minute aggregated harmonic or THD violates its limit. • Flicker events: an event is recorded each time Plt (long term severity) violates its limit.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Tips and Hints Monitor is intended to perform a quality check over a long period up to one week. For compliance to international standards averaging time for Vrms and Harmonics are 10 minutes. This allows you to obtain a good impression of power quality, but is less suitable for troubleshooting. For troubleshooting the measuring functions like Dips and Swells or Logger are more suitable.
Chapter 17 Flicker Introduction Flicker is available in Fluke 435-II and 437-II. It quantifies the luminance fluctuation of lamps caused by supply voltage variations. The algorithm behind the measurement meets EN61000-4-15 and is based on a perceptual model of the human eye / brain sensory system. The Analyzer converts duration and magnitude of voltage variations into an ‘annoyance factor’ caused by the resulting flicker of a 60 W lamp.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual e ENTER Flicker is characterized by: instantaneous flicker Pinst, short term severity Pst (measured over 1 min for fast feedback), short term severity Pst (measured over 10 min) and a long term severity Plt (measured over 2 hours). Also related data such as half cycle rms for voltage (Vrms ½), current (Arms ½) and frequency are measured. Available function keys (popup Meter screen must be off): F1 Up/down arrow keys are assigned to scroll Meter screen.
17 Flicker Tips and Hints F3 Return to Meter screen. F4 Access to Events menu. The number of events that occurred is shown. F5 Switch between HOLD and RUN of screen update. Switching from HOLD to RUN invokes a menu to select immediate (NOW) or TIMED start time which allows you to define start and duration of the measurement. Cursor. When the Cursor is on, the Trend values at the Cursor are displayed in the screen header.
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Chapter 18 Transients Introduction Fluke 435-II and 437-II can capture waveforms at high-resolution during a variety of disturbances. The Analyzer will give a snapshot of the voltage and current waveforms at the precise time of the disturbance. This allows you to see the waveforms during dips, swells, interruptions, current swells and transients. In Transients mode the Analyzer uses a special setting of its input circuit to allow capturing signals up to 6 kilovolt in amplitude.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Waveform Display To access the Transients Waveform screen: c d MENU F2 e 18-2 f ENTER g F3 h F5
18 Transients Tips and Hints In the Start menu you can choose a trigger event or a combination of trigger events, transients (Volt) and current (AMP) trigger level, and Immediate or Timed start of the measurement. The Analyzer can be set up to capture waveforms each time it sees: Voltage Transient, Voltage Swell, Voltage Dip, Voltage Interruption or Current swell. Dips (sags) and swells are fast deviations from the nominal voltage. The duration of a transient must be 5 microseconds or more.
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Chapter 19 Power Wave Introduction In this measuring mode that is available in Fluke 435-II and 437-II the Analyzer functions as an 8 channel scope recorder that records high resolution waveforms in a single shot acquisition. The function records half cycle rms values on 8 channels, frequency and instantaneous power (Vrms½, Arms½, W, Hz and scope waveforms for Voltage, Amps, Watts). Note: Power Wave records a long waveform while Scope Waveform displays 4 periods of the momentary waveform.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual e f ENTER The traces build up from the right side. Readings in the header correspond to the most recent values plotted on the right. With the up/down arrow keys you can select all available trends. Available function keys: F1 Up/down arrow keys are assigned to select a set of trends and the belonging readout. F2 Access to cursor and zoom menu. F3 Access to meter screen. For description see below. F4 Access to waveform screen. Analyzer must be in HOLD mode.
19 Power Wave Meter screen Meter screen To access the Power Wave Meter screen: g F3 Available function keys: F1 Up/down arrow keys are assigned to scroll meter screen. F3 Access to Trend screen. F4 Access to waveform screen. Analyzer must be in HOLD mode. For description see below. F5 Switch between HOLD and RUN of screen update. Switching from HOLD to RUN invokes a menu to select Immediate or Timed Start and Duration of the measurement.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Tips and Hints Power Wave records high resolution waveforms during a time span of several minutes. This allows you to monitor the influence of sudden load changes on voltage and current waveforms. An example is switch on or off of big motors or welding machines. Big voltage changes may indicate a weak power distribution system.
Chapter 20 Mains Signaling Introduction Mains Signaling is a function available in Fluke 435-II and 437-II. Power distribution systems often carry control signals to switch appliances on and off remotely (also known as ripple control). These control signals have a frequency that is higher than the normal 50 or 60 Hz line frequency and range up to about 3 kHz. Amplitude is significantly lower than that of the nominal line voltage.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Trend To access the Mains Signaling Trend screen: c MENU d F2 e f ENTER The traces build up from the right side. Readings in the header correspond to the most recent values plotted on the right. With the up/down arrow keys you can select readout as a percentage of nominal line voltage or as a 3 second average voltage (V3s). The Neutral conductor is not used for Mains Signaling, but is shown for troubleshoot purposes.
20 Mains Signaling Events Table Switch between HOLD and RUN of screen update. Switching from HOLD to RUN invokes a menu to select Immediate or Timed Start and Duration of the measurement. F5 Cursor. When the Cursor is on, the Trend values at the Cursor are displayed in the screen header. Moving the Cursor off the left or right side of the screen allows scrolling of the trend on screen. Zoom.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Tips and Hints. To capture control signals it is essential to know their frequencies in advance. Consult the Internet Website of your local energy supplier for information on what frequencies are used for Mains Signaling in your area. Voltage level in percent EN 50160 shows the ‘Meister_Kurve’ for the allowed 3 second average voltage V3s as a function of frequency. Limits should be programmed accordingly. 10 1 0,1 1 10 Frequency in kHz Figure 20-1.
Chapter 21 Logger Introduction Logger is a function that gives you the possibility to log multiple readings with high resolution. The readings are observed during adjustable time intervals. At the end of the interval the min, max, and average values of all readings are stored and the next observation interval starts. This process continues for the Duration of the observation period. The Analyzer has as a default a predefined set of readings that is used for logging.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual With the arrow keys you can select Column 2 where the readings belonging to the selected Category are listed. The readings indicated with are active readings and they also show up in Column 3. The readings indicated with are not active. An inactive reading can be selected with the up/down arrow keys. Next if you press F3 – ADD the reading will be added to Column 3 of selected readings.
21 Logger Trend Trend To access the Logger Trend screen: e F3 All readings are recorded during logging, but not all of them are visible at a time. Use the up/down arrow keys to make the desired set of trends visible within the viewing area. The traces are build up from the right side. Readings in the header correspond to the most recent values plotted on the right. Available function keys: F1 The up/down arrow keys are assigned to select a set of loggings for Trend display.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Events To access the Logger Events Table screen: h F3 The Events table lists all threshold crossings of phase voltages. Thresholds according to international standards or user-definable thresholds can be used. Threshold adjustment is reached via the SETUP key and Limits. For detailed information see Chapter 24, Limits Adjustments. In Normal mode major event characteristics are listed: start time, duration, and voltage magnitude.
Chapter 22 Shipboard V/A/Hz Introduction Shipboard V/A/Hz (Volts/Amps/Hertz) displays a Meter screen with important numerical measuring values. The function is available in the Fluke 437-II and provides measuring functions that are useful for shipboard installations. The measuring results comply with the requirements of the military standard MIL-STD-1399-300B. The related Trend screen shows the changes over time of all values in the Meter screen. Events such as dips and swells are listed in a table.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual f ENTER The Meter screen gives an overview of the following measuring results: V rms the rms value of the nominal voltages V tol% voltage tolerance V imb% voltage imbalance Please notice that the definition of Voltage imbalance according to MILSTD-1399-300B is different from the definition of unbalance in the function Unbalance described in Chapter 14. Unbalance uses the method of symmetrical components (see IEC61000-4-30).
22 Shipboard V/A/Hz Trend Available function keys: F1 Up/down arrow keys are assigned to scroll Meter screen. F3 Access to the Trend screen. For description see below. F4 Access to the Events screen. The number of events that occurred is shown. For description see below. F5 Switch between HOLD and RUN of screen update. Switching from HOLD to RUN invokes a menu to select immediate (NOW) or TIMED start time which allows you to define start and duration of the measurement.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Zoom. Allows you to expand or shrink the display vertically or horizontally to view details or to fit a complete graph within the screen area. Zoom and Cursor are operated by the arrow keys and explained in Chapter 23. Offset and Span of the Trends are auto ranging for a good display in almost al cases. If desired, you can change Offset and Span of active measurements. Press in sequence: the SETUP key, F4 – MANUAL SETUP, F1 – TREND SCALE.
Chapter 23 Cursor and Zoom Introduction This chapter explains how to use Cursor and Zoom to display and investigate details of Waveform, Trend, and Bar Graph displays. Cursor and Zoom have a certain amount of interaction and are both operated by the arrow keys. The Cursor is a vertical line that can be positioned on a point on a Waveform, Trend, or Bar Graph. The measured values at that point are displayed in the screen header.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Figure 23-2. Waveform display, cursor on Figure 23-3. Waveform display with cursor and zoom on To control Cursor and Zoom: • Press F2 to switch the Cursor on. Use the left/right arrow keys to move the Cursor horizontally along the waveforms. The value of the waveforms at the Cursor is displayed in the screen header as shown in Figure 23.2. • The up/down arrow keys zoom in vertical direction (Figure 23.3).
23 Cursor and Zoom From Events Table to Trend Display with Cursor On Figure 23-6. Trend display with cursor and zoom on The Function keys F1, F2, F3 and F4 and the arrow keys are used to operate Cursor and Zoom: • Operate F2 and F3 to switch the Cursor on (only in Hold mode). Use the left/right arrow keys to move the Cursor horizontally along the trends. The value of the trends at the Cursor is displayed in the screen header as shown in Figure 23.5.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual d ENTER Press ENTER to obtain trend display with the cursor on and positioned on the highlighted event in the table. Cursor on Bar graph Displays As an example the Three-phase Voltage Harmonics display as shown in Figure 23.7 is used. Cursor and Zoom for other Bar Graph displays function identically. Figure 23-7. Cursor on bar graphs On Bar Graph displays the Cursor is always on.
Chapter 24 Setting up the Analyzer Introduction The Analyzer offers many measuring functions. These functions are preset in a way that the best possible representation of measuring results is obtained in almost all circumstances. However - if desired - the user can make personal setups that meet specific requirements. This chapter explains what setups can be made and where they can be found in the menus. Some setups will be explained step by step. Initial setups.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Figure 24-1. Entry screen to Analyzers setups Power on. At power on the welcome screen in Figure 24-2 will be displayed. This screen gives an overview of the most important settings such as: date, time, wiring configuration, nominal frequency, nominal voltage, the set of power quality limits used, and the type of voltage and current probes to be used.
24 Setting up the Analyzer Introduction The Settings are grouped in four functional sections and are explained accordingly in four sections of this manual chapter: • USER PREFerences: adjustment of Language, Phase Identification, Phase Colors, RS-232 baudrate, Auto shut-off of display (to save battery power), definition of User name (as shown in entry screen), reset to factory default settings, demo mode on/off, display contrast, format SD Memory Card.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual USER PREFerences To access the USER PREFerences menus: 1. SETUP F1 F4 6 3. ENTER F2 F1 7 8 F3 9 F4 10 F4 11 USER PREFerences allows you to customize Information Language, Phase Identification, Phase Colors, RS-232 baudrate settings, Auto shut-off of display backlight, programming of User name/address (as shown in entry screen), Reset of Analyzer to Factory Defaults, Demo Mode on/off, display contrast, and clearing of memories.
24 Setting up the Analyzer USER PREFerences Read below how to make adjustments: 1 Language: use the up/down arrow keys to select the desired information language. Press ENTER and next Function key F5 – OK to confirm. 2 Phase Identification: Use the up/down arrow keys to select A, B, C or L1, L2, L3. Press ENTER and next Function key F5 – BACK to leave the menu. 3 Phase Colors: Use the up/down arrow keys to choose colors as used in the USA, EU, UK, or according to HD 308 S2.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual MANUAL SETUP To access the MANUAL SETUP menus: 1. SETUP F4 2. 3. ENTER F1 F2 8. F3 9. ENTER 4. 5. ENTER 6. 10. 7. 11. 12. ENTER MANUAL SETUP allows you to customize Analyzer settings related to the measurements. 24-6 13. 14.
24 Setting up the Analyzer MANUAL SETUP 1 Press the SETUP key and next Function key F4 – MANUAL SETUP to reach the MANUAL SETUP screen. 2 Use the up/down arrow keys to select one of the parameters listed below and then press ENTER to access the setup menu: - Date, Time: use the arrow keys to select date, time, and date format. Press ENTER to confirm the selected date format. With a GPS receiver connected and F2 set to GPS ON, date and time are synchronized automatically.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual 4 5 6 7 8 9 24-8 Trend Scale: adjustment of offset and span of the trends is possible in this menu. Manual adjustment is possible when AUTO mode is set to OFF with Function key F4. When AUTO mode is ON offset and span are set to such a value that a clear display is obtained in almost all circumstances (auto scaling). Separate adjustments are provided for Phase and Neutral: selection is done with Function key F3.
24 Setting up the Analyzer MANUAL SETUP Table 24-1. Function Preference, Measurement Items Overview Measurement items Trend Harmonics Measurement sub items Default setting Measurement sub item values and ranges Default duration 7d 1 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr, 8 hr, 16 hr, 24 hr, 2 d, 7 d, 30 d, 3 mon, 6 mon, 12 mon. Average time 1s 0.25 s, 0.5 s, 1 s, 3 s, 5 s, 10 s, 30 s, 1 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 30 m , 1 hr, 2 hr.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual 13 Energy Loss (available under Function key F4): menu to set the parameters for the Energy Loss measurement. Parameters to be set are: four different tariff rates, cable data (length in meters/feet, diameter in square millimeter or acc. to AWG / American Wire Gauge). In Automatic mode setup of cable data is not required: the Analyzer bases cost calculations on the assumption of three percent copper loss in the cable.
24 Setting up the Analyzer MANUAL SETUP f Use the arrow keys to highlight 3φ IT. Then press ENTER to confirm the selection. g ENTER The diagram shows in detail how to connect voltage and current probes to the power system under test. h F5 (3x) Return to Setup entry screen. The new configuration is indicated behind Config. and the belonging configuration symbol is shown on the right side of the screen.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual d SETUP Press SETUP to access setup entry screen. e F4 Press function key F4 to access the Manual Setup screen. f F2 Press function key F2 to access Scope display scaling. g Use the left/right arrow keys to increase (e.g. to 300 V) the Voltage range of the Scope display. h SCOPE Return to the Scope display: the voltage waveforms of the Phases are inside the viewing window.
24 Setting up the Analyzer Limits Adjustments Limits Adjustments To navigate the Limits Setup menus: 1. SETUP 2. F4 3. 1 ENTER F1 2 1. 2. F2 5 F3 3 F4 6 F5 7 1. F5 2. F5 4 1. 2. 0...9 A...Z 1. 2. 3. 3. 4.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Limits Adjustments is used to save, recall, and define sets of limits for: • Power Quality Monitoring (Monitor). • Event capture levels for Dips/Interruptions/Rapid Voltage Changes/Swells. The entry menu is available in the selected information language. Read below how to do this: 24-14 1 Adjust Limits is the entry menu. It shows the main settings of the active set of limits: name, creation date, and a summary of limits data.
24 Setting up the Analyzer Limits Adjustments Setup of Monitor Limits, a survey of adjustments. Limits Adjustments 2 Probability percentages (100 % and adjustable): each with adjustable upper and lower limit. Harmonics For each harmonic 2 Probability percentages (100 % and adjustable): each with adjustable upper limit. Flicker 2 Probability percentages (100 % and adjustable): adjustable percentage with adjustable upper limit.
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Chapter 25 Using Memory and PC Introduction This chapter explains how to save screens and data into the Analyzer’s memory and how to view, rename and delete them. The second part of the chapter explains how to setup the Analyzer for communication with a PC, and laptop. Using memory Four types of data can be stored: 1. Save Limits: these contain Power Quality limits and thresholds. Limits can be edited via SETUP, F4 – MANUAL SETUP and Adjust Limits menu. 2.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Making a Screenshot SAVE SCREEN Press this key to make a screenshot. Making a screenshot is a quick and easy way to store measuring results. However post processing is not possible. A screenshot is saved each time you press this button. A screenshot is saved as a file with date and time when saved. This occurs via a menu to define a name for the file to be saved.
25 Using Memory and PC Using memory Following icons are used to identify the data files: Icon Description Icon Description Limits Power Inverter Efficiency Meas.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Use of PC The Analyzer is equipped with an isolated USB interface for communication with a PC. To make the connection with the USB port of PC’s, an USB-A to mini-USB interface cable is supplied. With the Power Log software you can upload trend and waveform data and screenshots in bitmap format to your PC or laptop. The information supplied with Power Log software informs you in detail about its features.
Chapter 26 Tips and Maintenance Introduction This chapter covers basic maintenance procedures that can be performed by the user. For extensive service data such as disassembly, repair, and calibration information, see the Service Manual. You will find the part number of the Service Manual in section ‘Parts and Accessories’ in this chapter.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Installation of Options The INSTALL OPTION menu is intended for future expansions. The menu is attainable via key sequence: SETUP, F2 – VERSION & CAL, F1 – INSTALL OPTION. Note: The VERSION & CALIBRATION menu indicates the last calibration date. For this Analyzer a calibration interval of 1 year is recommended. Contact your authorized Fluke Service Center if the calibration interval has been expired. Parts and Accessories Standard Accessories.
26 Tips and Maintenance Parts and Accessories Optional Accessories. Item Ordering Code Double Capacity Li-ion battery 56 Wh BP291 External Battery Charger, charges BP290/BP291 externally using BC430/BC190 EBC290 Hanging Hook; allows the Analyzer to be hung on a cabinet door or separation wall. HH290 GPS Time Synchronization Unit GPS430 AC/DC Current Clamp 100 A (10 mV/A) and 10 A (100 mV/A) switcheable.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Troubleshooting Analyzer does not start up. The battery may be completely empty. In this case the Analyzer will not start up. However if it is powered by the Power Adapter it should start up immediately. Charge the battery first: power the Analyzer with the Power Adapter without turning it on. Note The Analyzer can not be powered up if the battery cover is not correctly closed. Screen remains black.
Chapter 27 Specifications Introduction Models Concerned Fluke 434-II: Energy Analyzer Fluke 435-II: Power Quality and Energy Analyzer Fluke 437-II: Power Quality and Energy Analyzer 400 Hz. Performance Characteristics Fluke guarantees the properties expressed in numerical values within the tolerances stated. Numerical values without tolerances are typical and represent the characteristics of an average instrument excluding accessories.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Electrical Measurements The following specifications of the instrument are verified using the “implementation verification” table 2 as specified in 61000-4-30 2nd edition chap-6-2.
27 Specifications Electrical Measurements CROSS TALK Between V inputs -60 dB @ Fnominal Voltage to current input -95 dB @ Fnominal (Amps Scaling: x1 AC+DC) COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO (CMRR) CMRR >60 dB DISPLAY MODES Waveform display Available in all modes via SCOPE key.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual MEASUREMENT MODES 27-4 Scope 4 voltage waveforms, 4 current waveforms, Vrms, Vfund.
27 Specifications Electrical Measurements ACCURACY, RESOLUTION AND RANGE Volt/Amps/Hertz Measurement Range Resolution Accuracy Vrms (ac+dc) Fluke 435-II/437-II 1…600 V 0.01 V Fluke 434-II 600…1000 V 1…1000 V 0.01 V 0.1 V Vpk 1…1400 Vpk 1V 5% of nominal voltage 1…1000 V phase to neutral 1…1000 V phase to neutral 0.1 V ± 0.2% of nominal voltage ± 1% of nominal voltage 1…1000 V phase to neutral 1…1000 V phase to neutral 0.1 V 1.0 ... > 2.8 0.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Fluke 434-II @ 50Hz nominal Fluke 434-II @ 60Hz nominal Power Watt (VA, var) i430flex-TF 1 mV/A Power Factor (Cos ϕ / DPF) Energy 42.5 ... 57.5 Hz 0.001 Hz ± 0.01Hz 51 ... 69 Hz 0.001 Hz ± 0.01Hz Measurement Range Resolution Accuracy max 6000 MW max 2000 MW 0.1 W … 1 MW 0.1 W … 1 MW ± 1% ± 10 counts ± 1% ± 10 counts 0…1 0.001 ± 0.
27 Specifications Electrical Measurements Flicker Measurement Range Plt, Pst, Pst (1min) Pinst Unbalance 0.00 … 20.00 Measurement Range Resolution 0.01 Accuracy ± 5% Resolution Accuracy Volts % 0.0 … 20.0% 0.1% ± 0.1% Amps % 0.0 … 20.0% 0.1% ± 1% Mains Signaling Measurement Range Resolution Accuracy Threshold levels Threshold, limits and signaling duration is programable for two signaling frequencies Signaling frequency 60 … 3000 Hz 0.1 Hz Relative V% 0% .. 100% 0.1% ± 0.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual 27-8 Harmonics Calculated from 10/12-cycle gapless harmonic group measurements on Voltage and Amps according to IEC 61000-4-7 Watt Full and fundamental real power display. Calculates average value of instantaneous power over 10/12 cycle period for each phase. Total Active Power PT = P1 + P2 + P3. VA Full and fundamental apparent power display. Calculates apparent power using Vrms x Arms value over 10/12 cycle period. var Fundamental reactive power display.
27 Specifications Electrical Measurements Transient capture Measurement Range Volts cursor reading rms reading ± 6000 Vpk 10 … 1000 Vrms Minimum detect duration 5 µs Sampling rate 200 kS/s Resolution 0.1 V 0.1 V Accuracy ± 15% of cursor reading ± 2.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual GENERAL Case, Display, Memory, Real-time clock Case Design Rugged, shock proof with integrated protective holster. Drip and dust proof IP51 according to IEC60529 when used in tilt stand position. The IP rating refers to non-operation of the Product and does not indicate that the Product should be used around hazardous voltages in wet environments. Shock and vibration: Shock 30 g, vibration 3 g sinusoid, random 0.03 g2/Hz according to MIL-PRF-28800F Class 2.
27 Specifications Electrical Measurements POWER Line power Switchable 115V, 230V adapter with country specific plug Power Adapter input voltage 15 ... 23 V dc; Use only Power Adapter BC430 Battery power Rechargeable Li-ion battery BP290 (installed) Battery operating time BP290 (standard battery) 6.5 hours @ normal backlight 8 hours @ dimmed backlight 10.5 hours with display off Charging time BP290 2.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual SAFETY Compliance with IEC/EN61010-1-2001, CAN/CSA C22.2 No 61010-1-04 (including cCSAus approval), UL std No 61010-1, Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General requirements. Rated: 600V CAT IV 1000V CAT III Pollution Degree 2 Max voltage on banana input 1000 V CAT III / 600 V CAT IV. Max voltage on current BNC input 30 V max.
Appendices Appendix Title Page A Measuring Methods................................................................................A-1 B Installing USB Drivers............................................................................B-1 C Instrument Security Procedures ...........................................................
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Appendix A Measuring Methods Introduction This appendix describes the power measurement and energy loss calculation methods used in the Fluke 430 Series II instruments. Power Measurement Methods The power measurement algorithms used in Fluke 430 Series II instruments are based upon the Unified Method developed at the Polytechnical University of Valencia, and build upon the IEEE1459 standard. These algorithms provide correct results at all conditions, even with distorted unbalanced three phase systems.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual The calculator shows an estimated cost using the measured values and the cost per kWh. For more accurate results long term measurements (for example one week/month) can be made showing results over time in the trend screen. The Unified Method The Unified Method allows to split power measurement into meaningful components which can be used to identify the source of the various power components.
Appendices Measuring Methods A Symmetrical components in Three-Phase Systems In 1918, C. L. Fortescue published a paper called ‘Method of Symmetrical Coordinates Applied to the Solution of Polyphase Networks’ in the Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. This paper describes a method to resolve an unbalanced set of 3-phasors into 2 balanced 3-phase systems of different phase sequence and one zero-phase system in which all phasors are of equal magnitude and angle.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual W - Active Power (P) The active power (all frequency components) is directly calculated from the samples measured on the voltage and current inputs: 1 K+N ∑ u X (n )⋅ i X (n ) N n =K Active phase power: PX = Active system power Υ: PY = PA+ PB+ PC System power is the sum of the phase powers! Active system power Δ: PΔ = 1 K+N ∑ u AB (n )⋅ i A (n ) − u BC (n )⋅ iC (n ) N n =K W fund - Fundamental Active Power(P1) The fundamental powers (50/60 Hz component only)
Appendices Measuring Methods A VA fund - Fundamental Apparent Power (S) Fundamental apparent phase power: S1X = U1X ⋅ I1X Fundamental apparent system power Υ: + S1Y = 3 ⋅ U1+ ⋅ I1+ Apparent system power is NOT the sum of the phase powers! S1+Δ = 3 ⋅ U 1+ ⋅ I1+ Fundamental apparent system power Δ: var –Fundamental Reactive Power (Q) For reactive power only the fundamental power is of interest.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Displacement Power Factor (DPF) and Cos ϕ Displacement power factor is calculated form fundamental power and apparent power components. This identical to the Cos ϕ of the phase angle between fundamental voltage and current.
Appendices Measuring Methods A Symbols used in formulas: P S Q Dh Du PF DPF P1 P1+ ∑ u i Tw N K n U I X Υ Δ - is used for power Watt - is used for apparent power VA - is used for reactive power var - is used for harmonics power - is used for unbalance power - Power Factor - Displacement Power Factor - subscript 1 is used to indicate fundamental frequency components - superscript + is used to indicate positive sequence components - (sigma) indicates summing of components.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual x x x x x Vrms∆ V V rms phase neutral x x V pk V V peak ● ● V rms1/2 V V rms 1/2 cycle ● V-fund V V fundamental ● CF V Crest Factor V ● Φ V(˚) ˚ Phase angle V ● %Over % Overdeviation ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Mains Signaling x Power Wave x Transients x Flicker x Monitor x Inrush x Unbalance x Energy Loss V rms phase phase Power & Energy V Harmonics VrmsY Dips&Swells Description V-A-Hz Unit Logger Function
Appendices Φ VA unb (˚) ˚ L var unb var Φ L var unbr (˚) ˚ C 'var unb var Φ C var unb (˚) Energy ˚ A Shipboard V/A/Hz Mains Signaling Power Wave Transients VA Flicker VA unb Monitor ˚ Inrush Φ var unb (˚) Unbalance var Energy Loss var unb Power & Energy ˚ Harmonics Φ W unb (˚) Description Active Load unbalance Active load unbalance angle Reactive Load Unbalance Reactive load unbalance angle Total Load Unbalance Total Load Unbalance angle Inductive Load Unbalance Inductive load u
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II % Volt DC V Volt Hn V Volt Φn ˚ Volt In V THD %f, %r or rms (up to 40th or 50th) DC component %f, %r or rms Harmonic n (n=1..50) %f, %r or rms Phase angle n (n=1..50) Interharmonic n (n=0..
Appendices Aneg. A Azero Mains Signaling A Sig 1 % % V3s 1 V Sig 2 % % V3s 2 V Freq. 1 relative signaling voltage Freq. 1 voltage, 3s average Freq. 2 relative signaling voltage Freq. 2 voltage, 3s average A Shipboard V/A/Hz A Mains Signaling Apos. Power Wave V Transients Vzero Flicker V Monitor Vneg. Inrush V ● Unbalance Vpos.
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Appendix B Installing USB Drivers Introduction The Fluke 430 Series II Power Quality and Energy Analyzer comes with a USB interface and cable (connector type: ‘USB mini-B’) for establishing a communications link with a personal computer. For the PC to be able to communicate with the instrument, drivers need to be installed on to the computer. This document describes how to install such drivers on a Windows XP computer. Installation on other Windows platforms will be similar but screens may look different.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Installing the USB Drivers To install the USB drivers, do the following: 1 Connect the Fluke 430 Series II instrument to the PC, using the USBcable supplied with the instrument. The cable may be plugged in and out even when both the computer and the instrument are switched on (‘hot-swap’), it is not required to power either one down.
Appendices Installing USB Drivers 3 While downloading, this screen will show. Wait for the download to complete. 4 When the driver has downloaded completely and has been installed, click “Finish” to accept this installation of this first driver. 5 After completion of the first step, the New Hardware Wizard will start again so as to install the USB Serial Port Driver. B Like before, click “Yes” if downloading the driver from the internet is alright.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual 7 To check if the drivers have been installed properly, connect the Power Qualiy Analyzer 430 Series II to your computer and open the Device Manager (see below). From the device manager click on the + sign or ► symbol to expand the ‘Universal Serial Bus controllers’ group. The ‘Fluke 430 Series II’ instrument should now be listed here. From the device manager click on the + sign or ► symbol to expand the ‘Ports (COM & LPT)’ group.
Appendix C Instrument Security Procedures Introduction Model Numbers: Fluke 434-II, Fluke 435-II, Fluke 437-II Short Description: 3-Phase Energy & Power Quality Analyzer Memory. Fluke 43x-II has the following memory devices: 1. RAM 8M x 16, U901, type: e.g. MT47H64M16HR-25IT:H, contains: temp storage of measuring data 2. Video RAM 256k x 16, D1001, type: e.g. CY62146EV30LL, contains: storage of data to be displayed on LCD-screen. 3. Flash-ROM 16M x 2, U1100, U1101, type: e.g.
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Security Summary: C-2 Ad 1. Memory contents erased at power-off. No user access. Ad 2. Memory contents erased at power-off. No user access. Ad 3. Flash memory: contents stays available at power off and disconnection of the Liion accumulator (can be loaded/exchanged with dedicated PC software that is exclusively available in manufacturing and Fluke service).
Index —1— 150/180 cycle, 5-3 —3— 3 s, 5-3 —A— A range, 24-7 Accessories, 1-1 Aggregation interval, 5-3 —B— Banana Inputs, 6-1 Bar Graph screen, 5-2 Battery Charger, 1-6 Battery Condition, 26-1 battery pack safe disposal, 1-9 safe transport, 1-8 safe use, 1-7, 1-8 storage, 1-7 Battery save, 24-5 BNC Inputs, 6-1 Brightness, 4-6 —C— Calibration, 27-1 Capacitive load, 11-2 CF, 8-1 Change Offset and Span, 24-11 Change wiring config, 24-10 Characteristics, 27-1 Charge Batteries, 4-3 CHG, 8-3, 9-5, 16-6, 21-4
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual Full, 11-1 Fundamental, 11-1 —G— GPS signal, 5-4 —H— Hang Strap, 4-2 Harmonics, 10-1 Hx, 16-6 Hysteresis, 9-1 —I— Inductive load, 11-2 Inputs, 6-1 Inrush currents, 15-1 Inrush time, 15-2 INT, 8-3, 9-5, 16-6, 21-4, 22-4 Interharmonics, 10-1 Interruptions, 9-1 —K— Keyboard Lock, 4-6 K-factor, 10-1 —L— Language, 24-5 Limits, 5-4, 16-2 Limits Setup, 24-13 Lock, 4-6 Locked keyboard, 5-3 Logger, 21-1 Logging, 21-1 Long term severity, 17-2 Luminance fluctuation, 17-1
Index (continued) Sytem Monitor, 3-2 —T— Technical data, 27-1 THD, 10-1 Threshold, 9-1, 15-2 Tilt Stand, 4-2 Time, 5-3, 5-4 Transients, 18-1 Trend screen, 5-2 Troubleshooting, 26-4 —U— U, Unstable, 5-3 Unbalance, 14-1 Usage, 11-1 User ID, 24-5 Users Manual, 2-1 Using Memory, 25-1 —V— Vector diagram, 7-2 Version & Cal, 24-3 Vnom, 24-7 Voltage nominal, 5-4 Voltage range, 1-6 Volts/Amps/Hertz, 8-1 —W— Warranty, 1-1 Waveform screen, 5-2 Wiring configuration, 5-4 —Z— Zero sequence, 10-5, 14-4 Zoom, 23-1 3
Fluke 434-II/435-II/437-II Users Manual 4
