® Fluke 39/41B Power Harmonics Tester Users Manual 4822 872 00916 July 1995 Rev. 3, 11/00 © 1995 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the Netherlands. All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
LIMITED WARRANTY & LIMITATION OF LIABILITY Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of shipment. Parts, product repairs and services are warranted for 90 days.
SERVICE CENTERS To locate an authorized service center, visit us on the World Wide Web: http://www.fluke.com or call Fluke using any of the phone numbers listed below: +1-888-993-5853 in U.S.A.
Table of Contents Title Page Safety ................................................................................................ About This Manual............................................................................. Uses for the Tester ............................................................................. Unpacking.......................................................................................... Terminology Used in This Manual....................................................
Fluke 39/41B Users Manual Adjustable Frequency (Speed) Motor Drive ................................... User Maintenance .............................................................................. Cleaning........................................................................................ Fuse Replacement ......................................................................... Battery Replacement ..................................................................... Operational Test..................
List of Tables Table 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Title Key Descriptions ...................................................................... Status Line ............................................................................... Screen Abbreviations................................................................ Special Messages ..................................................................... Replacement Parts....................................................................
List of Figures Figure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. Title Page Tester and Accessories ............................................................. 3 Additional Items (Model 41B) .................................................. 4 Getting Acquainted .................................................................. 8 Measurement Connections (1 ) ..............................................
Using Your Tester Safely ! Warning ! To avoid electric shock, use only the test leads supplied with the Tester. Use 600V rated probe tip adapters. (“600V” is printed on the equipment.) Remove all test leads that are not in use. Use only the 80i-500s ac current probe or a safetydesigned equivalent (such as the Fluke Model 80i-1000s) that is rated for 600V on both the jaws and the measuring secondary. Remove any current probe that is not in use.
• • When using the voltage test leads, keep your fingers away from the probe contacts. Keep your fingers behind the finger guards on the probes. Use caution when measuring above 60V-dc or 30V-ac rms. Such voltages pose a shock hazard. AC Current Probe Safety Guidelines ! Follow these safety guidelines when using the AC Current Probe: • Never use the 80i-500s current probe on circuits rated higher than 600V. Use extreme caution when clamping the current probe around uninsulated conductors or bus bars.
About This Manual This manual contains instructions for the 39 and 41B Power Harmonics Testers (hereafter referred to as the Tester). All information applies to both models unless otherwise indicated. Uses for the Tester You can use the Tester to measure voltage and current inputs at power line and harmonic frequencies. Using these inputs, the Tester automatically calculates power and a wide range of other measurements useful in determining harmonic distortion levels and sources.
39/41B Users Manual Unpacking The following items are included in your tester kit (see Figure 1): • • • • • Model 39 Power Meter or Model 41B Power Harmonics Analyzer 80i-500s AC Current Probe TL-24 Test Leads TP-20 Test Probes AC-20 Test Clips Your kit also includes the following printed materials: • • • Users Manual (this book) Quick Reference Guide Warranty Registration Card For Model 41B only, the following additional items are included. Refer to Figure 2.
Unpacking TL-24 Test Leads (Set of two. Red and Black) 80i-500s AC Current Probe AC-20 Test Clip TP-20 Test Probe S IC N O M R A H R E ER W Z O Y P AL N A ® 41 a2f.eps Figure 1.
39/41B Users Manual RS-232 Cable Companion Software 3.5-Inch Floppy Disks (FlukeView 41) a3f.eps Figure 2.
Terminology Used in This Manual Terminology Used in This Manual This manual uses the following standard terminology: • “Mains” is line voltage or frequency. • “φ1”, “φ2”, and “φ3” refer to the three current supply phases. • “Delta” . • “Wye” . • “N” is Neutral. • e is Earth ground. • “AC Current Probe” or “Probe” refers to the 80i-500s, which can also be called a “current clamp”.
39/41B Users Manual Battery Considerations New alkaline C cells typically provide more than 48 hours of continuous operation. You can also use NiCad batteries. However, depending on battery condition, fully charged NiCad batteries provide 16 hours or less of continuous operation. b Plan to replace the batteries as soon as possible after the symbol comes on. Refer to User Maintenance later in this manual for battery changing instructions. Note After the Tester is dropped, it may not turn on.
Getting Acquainted with Your Tester Getting Acquainted with Your Tester While referring to Figure 3, perform the following key presses to familiarize yourself with basic tester operations. 1. C 2. 3. 4. o c < > to turn the Tester on. (brief press) and or to change screen contrast. (hold 1 second) to turn the backlight on or off. F M to select a measurement function (Volts, Amps, Watts). to select a screen mode (Waveform, Harmonics, Text ). R < > F R o 5.
39/41B Users Manual ® 41 P A O W A ER LY H Z A E R R M N 6 1 O N IC S 3 5 4 2 a4f.eps Figure 3.
Input Connections Input Connections Refer to Figure 4 for a view of the two-input measurement scheme. To measure voltage, insert the red test lead in “V” and the black test lead in “COM.” Current measurement uses a BNC connector attached to “CURRENT PROBE.” Connect “V” and “COM” to measure only voltage; connect “CURRENT PROBE” to measure only current. Make all three connections for power measurements.
39/41B Users Manual Using the Current Probe The accuracy of current and power readings depends on properly using the 80i-500s Current Probe. The accuracy specifications in this manual assume that the Current Probe is used correctly. • Always clamp the 80i-500s Current Probe with the arrow pointing toward the load (away from the source) for a phase measurement or toward the to verify the Current Probe source for a neutral measurement. Press orientation.
Three-Phase Power Measurements Three-Phase Power Measurements Refer to Figures 5, 6, and 7 for various ways to measure total power in a three-phase system. The W 3P3C display screen shows the three-phase calculation for the connection shown in Figure 5. All other screens and functions show only single-phase data. Load φ1 φ2 Red Black S IC ON RM HA ER ER W YZ PO AL AN ® 41 W1 φ3 a74f.eps P D Figure 5.
39/41B Users Manual Load φ1 Red φ2 Black S IC ON RM HA ER ER W YZ PO AL AN ® 41 W1 φ3 Red Wtotal = W1 + W2 PF = S IC ON RM HA ER ER W YZ PO AL AN ® W1 + W2 3(VA1 + VA2) /2 41 W2 a6f.eps P D Y Figure 6.
Three-Phase Power Measurements φ1 Red S IC ON B ® RM HA R WE ER YZ PO AL AN 41 W1 φ2 Red Load Black S IC ON B ® RM HA R WE ER YZ PO AL AN 41 W2 φ3 Red Black Black N S IC ON B Wtotal = W1 + W2 + W3 ® RM HA R WE ER YZ PO AL AN 41 W3 a7f.eps P Figure 7.
39/41B Users Manual Keypad Refer to Figure 8 and Table 1 for keypad operation. 1 2 3 14 4 13 5 12 6 11 7 10 9 8 a8f.eps Figure 8.
Keypad Number 1 2 3 O Table 1. Key Descriptions Symbol < > c Name & Description Power Press once to turn the Tester on; a test pattern is displayed briefly. (Test pattern remains displayed while key is held pressed.) Press again to turn the Tester off. The Tester sets up to the powerup configuration each time you turn it on. Arrow Keys < > These keys have multiple uses. Refer to other areas for specific and descriptions.
39/41B Users Manual Table 1. Key Descriptions (cont) Number 5 r Symbol Name & Description r Range (Waveform and Text) Press momentarily to start manual ranging (MAN) for all Measurement Functions (V, A, W). Continue momentary presses to cycle through the ranges for the selected Measurement Function only. (Ranges do not change for the other two Measurement Functions.) Press and hold about 1 second to return to autoranging (AUTO) for all Measurement Functions (V, A, W).
Keypad Table 1. Key Descriptions (cont) Number 8 f Symbol Name & Description Phase Reference Press to select volts or amps as the display phase reference. Voltage reference is the standard configuration. For current only measurements, press to set . To change the power-up phase reference, see “Power-Up Configuration” later in this manual. f 9 10 s S AP Send (Model 41B) Press to print a test report of calculated measurements to a printer or PC. (The Tester displays SEND.
39/41B Users Manual Table 1. Key Descriptions (cont) Number 11 12 13 p Symbol R E Name & Description Print (Model 41B) pp Press to print a screen dump to a printer. (The Tester displays .) To stop printing, press any key. Do not press when FlukeView 41 application software is in use. See “Sending to a PC”. R R Record Press to start Record. Press a second time to resume normal operation. You can also return the Tester to its standard (factory-programmed) configuration by holding as you press on .
Display Screen Display Screen The screen consists of the following three areas (see Figure 9): • Status Line: identifies Tester operating conditions. See Table 2. • Measurement Area: shows information as waveform, harmonics bar chart, or set of text computations. Refer to Table 3 for abbreviations used in all Measurement Functions and Screen Modes. • Special Messages. See Table 4.
39/41B Users Manual H VP AP ~2s ~5s Table 2. Status Line Hold active (screen frozen). L appears in lower left screen to indicate possible high voltage input that is not sensed during Hold. Phase Reference Selection. The volts input or the current input is the reference for determining phase shift. Select AP when measuring current only with voltage test leads not connected. Smooth Selection. Smooth is active with averaging times of 2, 5, 10, or 20 seconds.
Display Screen Table 3. Screen Abbreviations Screen Usage ° d Name and Description Phase Angle degrees. (± 180°) Measures time from the positive zero crossing of the fundamental of the selected volts or amp PREF. 360° represents one cycle at the fundamental or selected harmonic frequency. A positive sign indicates that the positive zero crossing of the measured cycle comes earlier than (leads) that of the reference.
39/41B Users Manual Table 3. Screen Abbreviations (cont) Screen Usage DPF Name and Description Displacement Power Factor cosφ fundamental The ratio of the active power (W) to the apparent power (VA rms) at the fundamental frequency. Equivalent to cosφ at that frequency. Traditional power factor for linear loads.
Display Screen Table 3. Screen Abbreviations (cont) Screen Usage Name and Description V RMS Volts rms (includes dc component). COS P} Cosine of the angle between the voltage and the current at any single frequency. V PK Peak Volts (1/2 peak-to-peak value). V DC Volts DC. V HM Harmonic Volts RMS For a voltage waveform, V HM identifies the total harmonic voltage present.
39/41B Users Manual Table 4. Special Messages < > or to adjust contrast. Press Press store current setting. C to exit contrast control and * CALIBRATION ERROR * CONTACT FLUKE SERVICE The Tester has detected a calibration error at power-up. Since erroneous readings result, the Tester displays this message until calibration is verified. Return the Tester to a Service Center for repair or calibration. See “User Maintenance” later in this manual.
Functions and Screen Modes F M Functions and Screen Modes The Tester uses a set of multipurpose screens to present each type of measurement (volts, amps, watts) as a waveform, a relational bar chart of harmonics, or a series of digital (text) readouts. With multiple values and computations on each screen, you only need to press a few keys to see everything there is to know about power (or just voltage or current) at the test point. Cycle through the choices by pressing either (or both) of these keys.
39/41B Users Manual a10c.eps Figure 10.
Functions and Screen Modes Harmonics Screen Mode The Harmonics Screen Mode (Figure 11) uses a set of screens to display magnitude bars for all harmonics and digital information about the selected and to move the cursor harmonic. Select a harmonic by pressing along the bottom scale. DC, 1 (the fundamental frequency), and harmonics 2 through 15 appear on the first screen. Harmonics 16 through 31 appear on the second screen.
39/41B Users Manual a12c.eps Figure 11.
Functions and Screen Modes The harmonics overload screen (Figure 12) appears if either of the following conditions exists: • There is no input on the phase reference channel. For example, there is no voltage input when VP is selected. • There is no input on one of the measurement channels (volts or amps). a11s.eps Figure 12.
39/41B Users Manual Harmonics Zoom Mode Use r to scale a selected harmonic bar graph display (Figure 13) to more easily read the harmonic information. This mode automatically scales the bar graph display to 100%, 50%, 20%, or 10% based on the largest harmonic value; the magnitude of the fundamental is ignored. Using r in harmonic screens affects the display only and does not affect measurement range control. To change measurement ranges, the display must be in waveform or text screens.
Functions and Screen Modes Text Screen Mode Text screens (Figure 14) present digital information for values measured or computed by the Tester. Arrows appear on the primary text screen signifying to access a secondary text screen. In watts, the that you can press primary screen shows the single-phase (1φ) power reading. The secondary (3φ, 3C) screen shows the estimates of the total three-phase performance from one single-phase reading.
39/41B Users Manual a13c.eps Figure 14.
VA Check Screen G VA Check Screen G G Press at any time to access the VA Check screen, which displays volts a second time to exit the VA Check screen graphed against amps. Press and return to your starting point. With the VA Check screen, the Tester displays one cycle of the fundamental frequency (current on the vertical scale, voltage on the horizontal scale).
39/41B Users Manual A linear load with no phase shift. A linear load with phase shift. A narrow ellipsoid in this pattern usually does not mean there is a problem. For wider ellipsoids, check power factor (PF). If the ellipsoid is backwards (upper left to lower right), check that you have pointed the current probe in the right direction. A nonlinear load, usually resulting from pulse-type power supplies. A nonlinear load resulting from a 3-phase (six pulse) rectifier power supply.
Recording Measurements R Recording Measurements < > Press R to begin recording readings for all measurement functions. Then or to cycle through the screens for the function presently press selected. You can also switch between measurement functions while in Record mode. (See Figure 16 for an overview of possible record screens.) For any function, the Tester displays screens in the following order: • NOW The present readings. This screen always appears first when you start Record.
39/41B Users Manual V A W a15c.eps Figure 16.
Power-Up Configuration EO + Power-Up Configuration The Tester has two types of configurations: standard and power-up. The standard configuration, which is programmed into the Tester and can always be retrieved, includes the following settings: • FCN V • DISP WAVE Waveform Screen Mode selected. • THD %RMS Total Harmonic Distortion computed as percentage of the total RMS value. • CLAMP 80I-500S The 80i-500s Current Probe is selected. OTHER specifies any current probe other than the 80i-500s.
39/41B Users Manual 3. E To exit the screen, press to select a highlighted item on the last line and store all selections you have made during this configuration session. The Tester begins normal operation using these selections. The Tester also automatically sets up to these selections at the next power-up. E R To exit the screen without making changes, press all selection lines. 4.
m Storing & Recalling Measurements (Model 41B) Storing & Recalling Measurements (Model 41B) Model 41B allows you to store a maximum of eight waveforms (and associated data) for volts and amps. You can recall data that you have collected on site for later viewing and analysis. (If you store multiple waveforms in this manner, you will probably want to keep a written record identifying the waveforms by number.) The Tester stores a measurement as digital data.
39/41B Users Manual 4. E STORE a waveform set (and associated data) into the boxed memory . If the location was empty, an underscore now location by pressing appears below the memory location number. If the underscore already existed, STORE overwrites the old waveform. E CLEAR the selected memory location (waveform and associated data) . from the boxed memory location by pressing E RECALL the selected memory location to view the contents directly by .
Using the Serial Cable (Model 41B) Using the Serial Cable (Model 41B) Model 41B communicates with a PC or printer (Figure 19) through an isolated RS-232 port. The Tester outputs data through the RS-232 port when or or when you send a command from the PC. you press p s Note The side of the optical interface connector marked “Optical Interface RS-232-C” faces up when properly attached to the Model 41B. Using the Configuration Screen, you can set 1.2, 9.6, or 19.2 KBAUD.
39/41B Users Manual ® 41 P O A W N E A R LY Z HA E R R M N O IC S a18f.eps Figure 19.
Printing (Model 41B) p Printing (Model 41B) p Pressing sends data for the present screen to a printer. Printer type compatibility is selected on the configuration screen as Epson or HP. The Tester displays PRNT and the following message appears: * PRINTING * PRESS ANY KEY TO STOP Press any key to abort printing; all keys then return to their normal functions. s Sending to a Printer or PC (Model 41B) s Press to start outputting calculated results to the printer or PC.
39/41B Users Manual Applications ! Warning ! To avoid electric shock and/or equipment damage, use caution when connecting alligator clips to live components. The jaws of alligator clips can create a short circuit between closely spaced live parts. Avoid making connections to feeder conductors or bus bars at elevated potentials. Whenever possible, make connections to the output side of a circuit breaker, which can provide better short circuit protection.
Applications LIGHTING L.C. Plant Switch Gear MOTOR L.C. Adjustable Frequency (Speed) Motor Drive UTILITY XFMR Receptacle Load Center Distribution Transformer 230V 120V a19f.eps Figure 20.
39/41B Users Manual Plant Switch Gear (Service Entrance) f Measure current, load balance, and total harmonic distortion. Refer to Figure to select current (AP) for the display phase reference. 21. Press CS NI O RM HA ER ER W YZ PO AL AN® ® 41 a20f.eps Figure 21.
Applications Distribution Transformer Measure Power Factor, K Factor, power, neutral current, neutral frequency, and load balance between phases. Refer to Figures 22 and 23. I 2 3 N 1 2 3 S IC N O M ® B 41 R A H R E ER W Z O Y P AL N A P Watts Text Screen) a21f.eps Figure 22.
39/41B Users Manual I 2 3 N 1 2 3 S IC N O M R A H R R E E W Z O Y P AL N A 1B ® P 4 a82f.eps Figure 23. Distribution Transformer (3 , 3C Watts Text Screen) Electronic Equipment Load Center Make connections to circuit breakers by first turning the circuit breaker off. Then connect the alligator clip to the breaker output terminal via a short piece of insulated wire, refer to Figure 24.
Applications Measure for excessive current (tripping of circuit breakers) and other general measurements (such as level of current flow) in each circuit. Measure balance between phases, neutral current and frequency, and harmonic distortion. Measure input current, crest factor, and harmonics for PC, copier, printer, and single phase UPS. Most electronic equipment loads are nonlinear due to their use of switching-type power supplies.
39/41B Users Manual Generator Set Measure for excessive current, proper frequency (adjust generator speed), and other general uses. Refer to Figure 25. (Small generator shown.) CS NI O B ® RM HA ER ER W YZ PO AL AN 41 a23f.eps Figure 25.
Applications Adjustable Frequency (Speed) Motor Drive Measure input and output current and current frequency. Refer to Figure 26. The Tester measures the output current frequency of the drive. (Output current provides the most stable frequency measurement.) Input power and to select current AP for harmonic currents can also be measured. Press the display reference. f A OUTPUT B C 1 INPUT 2 3 A OUTPUT B C INPUT 2 3 1 OUTPUT INPUT IN T U O ICS ON B ® RM HA R WE ER YZ PO AL AN 41 a24f.
39/41B Users Manual User Maintenance Cleaning Clean your Tester with a damp cloth and a mild detergent. Do not use abrasives, solvents, or alcohol. Fuse Replacement The Tester uses electronically protected inputs; no fuses are required. Battery Replacement ! Warning ! To avoid electrical shock, disconnect the voltage test leads and the current probe before replacing the batteries.
User Maintenance 4. Lift the battery access lid away from the Tester. 5. Replace the C cells (alkaline or recharged NiCad) as shown in Figure 24. Observe the battery polarity shown in the battery compartment. 6. Secure the battery access lid back in position with the two screws. a25f.eps Figure 27.
39/41B Users Manual Operational Test Use any of the applications shown in this manual to verify volts, amps, and watts measurability. For a full operational test, refer to the Service Manual (P/N 601044). If the Screen Flashes or is Blank at Power-Up If the screen flashes or is blank at power-up, it may be caused by a low contrast setting. If neither or the following procedures works, refer to “If Your Tester Does Not Work” for instructions on returning the unit for repair.
Accessories and Replacement Parts If the Tester still does not work, pack it securely and forward it, postage paid, to the nearest Service Center. Include a description of the problem. Fluke assumes no responsibility for damage in transit. At its option, Fluke will repair or replace a Tester under warranty. The Tester will be returned at no charge. Refer to the Warranty Card for warranty terms. If the warranty has lapsed, Fluke will repair and return the Tester for a fixed fee.
39/41B Users Manual Replacement Parts Parts that can be replaced by the user are shown in Table 5. Refer to the Service Manual for a complete list of replaceable parts. Table 5.
Specifications Specifications Basic electrical specifications are defined over the temperature range from 18°C to 28°C for a period of one year after calibration. Accuracy is specified as ±([% of reading] + [number of units in least significant digit]). Frequency Range, Fundamental 6-65 Hz and dc Minimum Input Levels 5V rms or 1A rms Volts Measurements (True rms) Input Range: 5.0V to 600V rms (ac + dc) 5.0V to +/-933V peak Basic Accuracy*: rms (ac + dc): peak, dc: +/-(0.
39/41B Users Manual Watts Measurements (Volt-Amps) (1 mV/A) Isolated Input Range: 0 W (VA) to 600 kW (kVA) average 0 W (VA) to 2000 kW (kVA) peak Accuracy (ac + dc): Active W (VA): +/-(1% + 4 digits) + probe specs Harmonics Measurement Accuracy (Cursor Data) (Harmonic Level > 5% Using Smooth ~20) Volts: Fundamental to 13th Harmonic: 13th to 31st Harmonic: +/- (2% + 2 digits) 13th (+/- (2% + 2 digits)) --------- 31st (+/- (8% + 2 digits)) Amps* or Watts: Fundamental to 13th Harmonic: 13th to 31st Harmo
Specifications Other Measurement Specifications Measurement Function Range/Resolution Accuracy Input Bandwidth: (-0.5 dB): DC 6 Hz to 2.1 kHz Crest Factor (CF): (Using Smooth %20) 1.00 to 5.00 ±4% Power Factor (PF): 0.00 to 1.00 ±0.02 Displacement Power Factor (DPF): 0.00 to 0.29 unspecified 0.30 to 0.69 ±0.04 0.70 to 0.89 ±0.03 0.90 to 1.00 ±0.02 Phase Measurement Range: -179 to 180 degrees K-Factor (KF) Model 41B: 1.0 to 30.0 ±10% Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) %THD-F: 0.
39/41B Users Manual Ranges and Resolution AC Volts Range (PK) Resolution AC Amps Range (PK) Resolution Watts Range (PK) Resolution 20V 0.1V 2A 0.01A 50W 1.0W 50V 0.1V 5A 0.01A 100W 1.0W 100V 0.1V 10A 0.01A 200W 1.0W 200V 0.1V 20A 0.01A 500W 1.0W 500V 1V 50A 0.1A 1 kW 0.01 kW 1 kV 1V 100A 0.1A 2 kW 0.01 kW 200A 0.1A 5 kW 0.01 kW 500A 1A 10 kW 0.1 kW 1000A 1A 20 kW 0.1 kW 2000A 1A 50 kW 0.
Specifications General Specifications Size: 9.2 x 3.9 x 2.5 inches (234 x 100 x 64 mm) Weight: 2.0 lbs (1 kg) Input Connectors: Voltage: Current Probe: 2 shrouded banana jacks (4 mm) 1 shrouded BNC jack Battery: Type: 4 Alkaline “C” Cells ANSI/NEDA-14A, IEC-LR14 (supplied) Operating Time: 48 hours, typical (continuous, without backlight) Alternate Battery: 4 NiCad Cells, customer supplied and externally charged.
39/41B Users Manual Humidity (noncondensing): Operating: 0 - 30°C: 30 - 40°C: 40 - 50°C: Storage: 90% 75% 45% 90% Altitude: Operating: Storage: 10,000 feet (3 km) 40,000 feet (12 km) Shock & Vibration: per MIL-T-28800, class 3, sinusoidal, nonoperating Electro-Magnetic Compatibility: RF Emissions: EN 50081-1 Commercial Limits, VFG 243-1991 RF Susceptibility: EN 50082-1 Commercial Limits Council Directive: Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (89/336/EEC) Drip Proof and Dust Proof Case: per IEC
Specifications Safety Designed for 600V measurements on industrial power distribution circuits. ! Overload Protection: Voltage or Current Probe Input: 600V, maximum Surge Protection: 6 kV per IEC 1010-1 Maximum Voltage Isolation to Earth: 600V from any terminal Protection Levels: IEC 1010-1, Pollution Degree 2, Installation Category III, Material Group II, 600V Protection Class: Protection Class II as described in IEC 1010-1, Annex H (Double or Reinforced Insulation).
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