GDL 88 ADS-B Transceiver Pilot’s Guide
© 2012 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. This manual reflects the operation of System Software version 2.00, or later. Some differences in operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to later software versions. Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, KS 66062, U.S.A. Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282 Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Road SE, Salem, OR 97302, U.S.A. Tel: 503/391.3411 Fax 503/364.2138 Garmin (Europe) Ltd.
WARNING: For safety reasons, GDL 88 operational procedures must be learned on the ground. WARNING: This unit provides the ability to receive weather information through external sources. Use weather data only as an aid to situational awareness. Such weather information is merely supplemental and advisory in nature and is not intended to be relied upon as safety-critical information in connection with any aviation, vehicle, or marine usage.
NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
Record of Revisions Part Number Revision Date Description 190-01122-03 A 10/19/12 Initial release 190-01122-03 Rev.
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Contents 1 Introduction..........................................................................................1-1 1.1 GDL 88(D) System Functions................................................................. 1-1 1.2 GDL 88 Part Numbers........................................................................... 1-2 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 ADS-B System Overview.......................................................................2-1 ADS-B - Broadcast (ADS-B)........................................
6 Installation configurations....................................................................6-1 6.1 Possible Installation Configurations....................................................... 6-1 6.1.1 GDL 88 with ADS-B Out Transmission Enabled........................ 6-1 6.1.2 GDL 88 with ADS-B Out Transmission Disabled........................ 6-1 6.1.3 GDL 88 Only – No Display...................................................... 6-1 6.2 Interfaces..............................................
1 INTRODUCTION The GDL 88 is a remotely mounted ADS-B transceiver. There are four models of the GDL 88(D). Models with a single bottom mounted UAT antenna meet TSO C154c Class A1S and are available with or without an internal GPS/SBAS receiver. Models with one top mounted and one bottom mounted antenna meet TSO C154c Class A1H and are also available with or without an internal GPS/SBAS receiver. 1.
products for display on compatible displays. • Traffic alerting The GDL 88 provides aural and visual cues of impending traffic conflicts, to include directional aural (“Traffic, Traffic, Two O’clock, Two Miles, Low”). • Single point of entry for transponder squawk code, IDENT, and emergency status 1.
2 ADS-B SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADS-B is a core technology in the FAA Next Gen air traffic control system and is comprised of three segments: ADS-B (Broadcast), ADS-R (Rebroadcast), and TIS-B. Nearly 400 ADS-B ground stations were completed and operational by mid2012, with most of the rest — totaling more than 700 planned stations — expected to be operational by early 2014. The graphic below illustrates where ADS-B is currently operational.
Figure 2-2 ADS-B Coverage vs Altitude (Planned for 2014) - FAA Illustration 2-2 GDL 88 ADS-B Transceiver Pilot’s Guide 190-01122-03 Rev.
2.1 ADS-B - Broadcast (ADS-B) ADS-B is the automatic broadcast of position reports by aircraft, surface vehicles, and transmitters on fixed objects. These broadcasts contain much more data than just a simple position report, they include: identity (Flight ID, Call Sign, Tail Number, ICAO registration number, etc), ground track, ground speed, pressure altitude, indications of multitude capabilities, and emergency status.
2.2 Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Rebroadcast (ADS-R) Because it is not required that ADS-B In capable aircraft be able to receive ADS-B data on both the 1090 MHz and 978 MHz data links, a means to get data from one data link to the other is required. ADS-R is the rebroadcast of ADS-B data by FAA ground stations and provides this service by taking data from one link and rebroadcasting it on the other.
2.3 Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) TIS-B provides the bridge between the current, radar based, ATC system and the future ADS-B based system. When an ADS-B In or Out capable aircraft is within the service volume of an FAA ADS-B ground station, the ground station will begin to broadcast a portion of the ATC radar picture to the aircraft. This aircraft is then included in the list of aircraft that is being provided TIS-B service and is then considered a “TIS-B participant.
2.4 Flight Information Service – Broadcast (FIS-B) FIS-B is provided on the 978 MHz link only and is broadcast from the FAA ground stations continuously. This service provides multiple weather products for display in the cockpit to be used by the flight crew for situational awareness. These products, update rates, and coverages are specified in the Aeronautical Information Manual section 7-1-11(d)(7).
3 GDL 88 ADS-B OUT ADS-B Out sends information from the aircraft so it can be “seen” by other aircraft using ADS-B In equipment and FAA ground stations. ADS–B Out provides air traffic controllers with real-time position information that is, in most cases, more accurate than the information available with current radar-based systems. With more accurate information, ATC will be able to position and separate aircraft with improved precision and timing. 3.
The following table describes the aircraft that will be observed by a GDL 88 equipped aircraft according to the level of equipment installed in the other aircraft.
3.4 Anonymous Mode The GDL 88 provides an Anonymous Mode which broadcasts a randomized ICAO address in the ADS-B Out message. The Anonymous Mode, when armed, will replace the Flight ID with a temporary randomized number for privacy while the position information will still be provided. This randomized address allows the ADS-B Out message to not be tied to a specific aircraft, much like a VFR squawk code of 1200 on a Mode A or Mode C transponder.
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4 GDL 88 ADS-B IN The ADS-B In capability allows the GDL 88 to receive data through the UAT (978 MHz) and the 1090 MHz receiver. The UAT receives data directly from another ADS-B transmitting aircraft, ADS-B data from ground stations (ADS-R), TIS-B information from ground stations, and FIS-B data from ground stations. The 1090 MHz receiver receives data directly from another ADS-B transmitting aircraft. 4.
4.2 Traffic The GDL 88 may receive traffic from several sources including external sources (ADS-B, ADS-R, and TIS-B) and onboard sources (TAS/TCAS) and creates a single, fused traffic picture to provide to the flight crew.
* Indicates Multiple Targets. Touch the target to show all targets. Then touch next to get info on each of the targets.
targets eligible for AIRB will not be displayed while SURF is active. Individual eligibility for AIRB and SURF is depicted in the selected traffic data on the traffic page of both the GTN 6XX and 7XX. 4-4 NOTE: Displays not capable of SURF will always run the AIRB application. GDL 88 ADS-B Transceiver Pilot’s Guide 190-01122-03 Rev.
4.2.2 GDL 88 Integration with TCAD/TAS/TCAS I Installations with the GDL 88 interface to a TAS/TCAS/TCAD traffic system require a display to be installed. Figure 4-4 GDL 88 With TCAS Not In Ground Station Coverage When an active traffic system is interfaced with a GDL 88, the GDL 88 receives traffic from the active traffic system and attempts to match (or “correlate”) this traffic with ADS-B traffic that the GDL 88 has received and is already tracking.
When a GDL 88 and TAS/TCAS system are integrated, the GDL 88 controls the mode of the TAS/TCAS system using the air/ground logic in the GDL 88, as well as from the mode controls available on the interfaced display. 4.2.3 No-Heading Source Traffic Information When a GDL 88 and TAS/TCAS are integrated in an airplane without a heading source, they are subject to certain limitations: • While on the ground, display of TCAS traffic and ADS-B traffic are mutually exclusive.
Radar Altitude (RA) or Height Above Terrain (HAT) GPS Phase RA, HAT, and Sensitivity Lookof Flight GPS Flight Level Ahead Phase Not Time(s) Available (if Available) Vertical Threshold for Alarm (feet) Minimum Protected Volume (NM) OR GPS Phase of Flight Not Approach or Terminal Up to 1000 (RA or HAT) 1000-2350 (RA or HAT) 2350-5000 (Geodetic) 5000-10,000 (Geodetic) 10,00020,000 (Geodetic) 20,00042,000 (Geodetic) Above 42,000 (Geodetic) Approach N/A 2 20 850 0.20 Terminal N/A 3 25 850 0.
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5 WEATHER The Flight Information Services (FIS-B) function is capable of displaying textual and graphic weather information with GDL 88 installations. No subscription for FIS-B services is required with the GDL 88. The FIS-B Function is based on a ground-to-air data link and requires that the appropriate ground systems are broadcasting weather data and the aircraft is within reception range of the Ground Broadcast Transceiver (GBT).
WARNING: Do not use the indicated data link weather product age to determine the age of the weather information shown by the data link weather product. Due to time delays inherent in gathering and processing weather data for data link transmission, the weather information shown by the data link weather product may be significantly older than the indicated weather product age. 5.
5.1.1 NOTE: FIS-B NEXRAD does not differentiate between frozen and liquid precipitation. The FIS-B NEXRAD intensity colors (as shown below) may differ from the intensity colors from other providers. NEXRAD Abnormalities There are possible abnormalities regarding displayed NEXRAD images.
5.1.3 NEXRAD Intensity Colors are used to identify the different NEXRAD echo intensities (reflectivity) measured in dBZ (decibels of Z). “Reflectivity” is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver. Reflectivity (designated by the letter Z) covers a wide range of signals (from very weak to very strong). So, a more convenient number for calculations and comparison, a decibel (or logarithmic) scale (dBZ), is used.
5.2 FIS-B TFRs Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) provide detailed information for local short term restrictions. The update rate is approximately every 20 minutes. 5.3 NOTE: Some TFRs may not be shown or information may be incomplete. The presented TFR information is only advisory in nature. Check official sources, such as from preflight planning or Flight Service Station to determine more complete TFR information.
5.5 FIS-B Winds and Temperatures Aloft Winds and Temperatures Aloft data shows the forecast wind speed, direction, and Temperature at selected altitudes. Altitudes can be selected in increments from the 1,000 feet up to 53,000 feet. The update rate is every 12 hours. 5.6 SIGMETs and AIRMETs SIGMETs (SIGnificant METerological Information) and AIRMETs (AIRmen’s METerological Information) are broadcast for potentially hazardous weather considered of importance to aircraft.
6 INSTALLATION CONFIGURATIONS 6.1 Possible Installation Configurations 6.1.1 GDL 88 with ADS-B Out Transmission Enabled The GDL 88 can provide for both the ADS-B Out and ADS-B In functionality. In this case, the GDL 88 transmits ADS-B messages on 978 MHz and receives ADS-B, ADS-R, TIS-B, and FIS-B services on the 1090 and 978 MHz links using its dual link receive capabilities. This installation is limited by FAR 91.227 to use below FL180. 6.1.
6.2 Interfaces 6.2.1 Audio Panel Traffic alert audio output is interfaced to a required audio panel with a compatible unswitched unmuted audio input. 6.2.2 Altitude Source The GDL 88 requires the use of an ownship pressure altitude for transmission of required ADS-B Out data values and to calculate the vertical separation and vertical closure from target aircraft. 6.2.3 TAS and TCAS Traffic Systems The GDL 88 will interface with the GTS 800, 820, and 850, Skywatch, Skywatch HP, and Ryan TCAD. 6.2.
7 GLOSSARY ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast. Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS–B) equipment is an advanced surveillance technology that combines an aircraft’s positioning source, aircraft avionics, and a ground infrastructure to create an accurate surveillance interface between aircraft and ATC.
FIS-B Flight Information Services-Broadcast. FIS-B is a graphic weather display capable of displaying graphical weather information on UAT equipped installations. FIS-B is available free to any operator with the ability to receive and display the data that is broadcast on the Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) or the 978 MHz link.
TCAS Traffic Collision Avoidance System. An aircraft collision avoidance system designed to reduce the incidence of midair collisions between aircraft. It monitors the airspace around an aircraft for other aircraft equipped with a corresponding active transponder, independent of air traffic control, and warns pilots of the presence of other transponder-equipped aircraft which may present a threat of mid-air collision. TIS-B Traffic Information Services-Broadcast.
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8 APPENDIX 8.1 Troubleshooting If efforts to resolve the problem fail, contact your dealer or customer service for technical assistance. Please have the following information ready: • System configuration (products, antennas, mounting locations, etc.) • Model No., part number, and serial number • Software versions • Description of the problem • Efforts made to isolate/solve the problem Garmin International, Inc.
Reporting Fault Type Priority ADS-B Annunciator Light(s) Activated Description A GDL 88 internal malfunction, antenna malfunction, or incorrect configuration setting prevent transmission. The GDL 88 is not receiving GPS position. A GDL 88 or external fault prevent proper operation of the GDL 88. No fault present. 1 Transmit Fail Both 2 NO POSN 3 No Position Fault -- No Fault FAULT Neither Table 8-1 GDL 88 Fault Types 8.2 Servicing Your Unit The Garmin GDL 88 has no user-serviceable parts.
8.4 Software License Agreement BY USING THE GDL 88, YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE FOLLOWING SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY. Garmin grants you a limited license to use the software embedded in this device (the “Software”) in binary executable form in the normal operation of the product. Title, ownership rights, and intellectual property rights in and to the Software remain with Garmin.
8.5 LIMITED WARRANTY All Garmin avionics products are warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for: two years from the date of purchase for new Remote-Mount and Panel-Mount products; one year from the date of purchase for new portable products and any purchased newly-overhauled products; six months for newly-overhauled products exchanged through a Garmin Authorized Service Center; and 90 days for factory repaired or newly-overhauled products exchanged at Garmin in lieu of repair.
INDEX H Heading 6-2 Height above terrain 4-6 Hurricanes 5-2 A ADS-B 2-3 ADS-B annunciator 8-1 ADS-B In 4-1 ADS-B Out 3-1, 6-1 ADS-R 2-4 AIRB 4-2 Air/Ground 3-3 AIRMETs 5-1, 5-6 Airports 5-5 Altitude 6-2 Anonymous mode 3-3 Antenna 5-3 Appendix 8-1 Audio panel 6-2 I IFR 5-5 Installation configuration 6-1 Interfaces 6-2 L Limitations 5-3 M METARs 5-1, 5-5 Mode A 3-3 Mode C 3-3 Mode S 1-1, 3-3 Mountains 5-3 C Cautions i Combined NEXRAD 5-4 Conflict situational awareness 4-6, 6-2 Contact Garmin 8-2 Contine
S Self-interrogation 3-2 Services 5-1 Servicing your unit 8-2 SIGMET 5-1, 5-6 Software license 8-3 Squawk code 3-3 SURF 4-2 T TAS 1-1, 4-2 TCAD 1-1, 4-5 TCAS 1-1, 4-2 Text 5-1 TFR 5-5 Thunderstorm 5-2 Time 5-1 TIS-B 2-5 Tornados 5-2 Troubleshooting 8-1 V VFR 3-3, 5-5 W Warnings i, 5-2 Warranty 8-4 Weather 5-1 Wind 5-1 Winds aloft 5-1, 5-6 Index-2 GDL 88 ADS-B Transceiver Pilot’s Guide 190-01122-03 Rev.
© 2012 GARMIN Corporation GARMIN International, Inc. 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel. 913/397.8200 or 866/739.5687 Fax 913/397.8282 Garmin AT, Inc. 2345 Turner Rd., S.E., Salem, Oregon 97302, U.S.A. Tel. 503/581.8101 or 800/525.6726 Fax. 503/364.2138 Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Liberty House, Bulls Copse Road, Hounsdown Business Park, Southampton, SO40 9RB, U.K. Tel. +44 (0) 870 850 1243 Fax +44 (0) 238 052 4004 GARMIN Corporation No. 68, Zhangshu 2nd Road, Xizhi Dist.
