GPS 95 STD PERSONAL NAVIGATORTM OWNER'S MANUAL KOJC KPTS KSGF SM
GPS 95 STD Personal NavigatorTM OWNER'S MANUAL
© 1993 GARMIN, 9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA Printed in Taiwan. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN. Information in this document is subject to change without notice.
PREFACE GARMIN thanks you for selecting our high performance, full featured Personal NavigatorTM. The GPS 95 represents our continued commitment to provide you with a portable navigation unit that is versatile, extremely accurate, and easy to use. We are confident you will enjoy using your unit for many years to come. The GPS 95's rugged construction and quality components offer the reliability demanded by the harshest operating environments.
CAUTION The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is under development and is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 95 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. Use the GPS 95 at your own risk.
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 2 3 PAGE INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 95 1-1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 Capabilities Basic Package Optional Accessories Operational Modes GETTING STARTED 2-1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-7 2-7 Front Panel Softkey Operation Cursor and Fields Keypad Operation Entering Data Viewing Messages Turning the GPS 95 On Turning the GPS 95 Off Learning to Use the GPS 95 WAYPOINTS 3-1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.
5.3 5.4 5.5 6 7 6-1 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-4 6-5 6-5 6-6 iv Route Definition Creating and Copying Routes Activating and Inverting Routes Editing Routes Deleting Routes Active Route Route List AUTOSTORETM 7-1 Creating Waypoints with AutostoreTM Building Routes with AutostoreTM 7-1 7-2 GPS STATUS AND AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS 8-1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 9 5-5 5-6 5-7 ROUTES 7.1 7.
APPENDICES A MESSAGES A-1 B GLOSSARY AND NAVIGATION TERMS B-1 B.1 Definitions B.2 Course To Steer (CTS) B-1 B-3 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE C-1 C C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4 C.5 C.6 C.7 C.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 95 1.1 CAPABILITIES The GPS 95 provides a host of powerful capabilities which were previously found only in much larger systems: · Performance: MultiTracTM receiver tracks and uses up to eight satellites with high sensitivity, fast first fix, and continuous navigation updates. · Portability: Goes anywhere - air, sea or land. Built-in simulator for trip planning or practicing navigation skills anywhere.
graphic plotters using NMEA 0180/0182/0183 outputs. An optional PC kit is also available to download user waypoints and routes to your PC for permanent record. We encourage you to read this manual and experiment using the built-in simulator. This will help you quickly master the many features of the GPS 95. 1.
When using the GPS 95 inside the cockpit it may be desirable to use the remote antenna cable for better satellite visibility. The detachable antenna is removed from the GPS 95 and replaced by one end of the remote antenna cable. The antenna is then placed on the other end of the cable and, using the suction cup mount, is situated where the best satellite visibility is possible. You may need to experiment to determine the best location for the antenna. (See Appendix C for removal of the detachable antenna.
Rechargeable NiCad Battery Kit: A rechargeable NiCad battery kit is available for use with the GPS 95. This kit includes a rechargeable NiCad battery, an AC adaptor and a drop-in charger base. Using the drop-in charger base, the NiCad battery is charged in 12-14 hours (not to exceed 24 hours). The rechargeable NiCad battery kit allows you to use the GPS 95 portably for extended periods.
CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED 2.1 FRONT PANEL Page Options Page Annunciator Softkeys Message Annunciator PWR STAT ABC 1 DEF 2 GHI 3 NAV GO TO JKL 4 MNO 5 PQR 6 WPT AUTO STO STU 7 VWX 8 YZ9 RTE CLR 0 ENT TINA STINKS The front panel consists of a 20-key keypad with a 85 x 64-pixel LCD display. Both the display and keypad may be illuminated for nighttime operation. 2.2 SOFTKEY OPERATION Information displayed on the LCD is commonly referred to as a “page.
2.3 CURSOR AND FIELDS Cyclic Field Confirmation Field Bar Field The area of the page which is highlighted in reverse video is called the cursor. The cursor may be moved to locations on the page called fields which allow you to enter data or change options. You will encounter five types of fields. · Numeric fields accept numbers only. · Alphanumeric fields accept numbers as well as letters. · Cyclic fields allow selection from several available options. A cyclic field is preceded by a prompt ( ).
GO TO Pressing GOTO allows you to instantly define a destination waypoint and plot a course from present position to that destination. (See Chapter 4.) AUTO STO Pressing AUTOSTOre allows you to capture your present position instantaneously. (See Chapter 7.) NAV Pressing NAV allows you to view position and navigation information as well as the Map Display. (See Chapter 5.) WPT RTE The WPT key allows you to create, edit, delete, and rename user waypoints.
2.5 ENTERING DATA You may enter data such as waypoint identifiers and user waypoint coordinates on certain pages. To enter data you must first move the cursor to the desired field by pressing the right or left arrow key. A data entry operation is completed by pressing the ENT key. If an error is made during the data entry process, press the CLR key to remove the erroneous character. To enter a number... · Press the key that is labeled with the desired number.
2.6 VIEWING MESSAGES From time to time, the GPS 95 will use a message to tell you of conditions needing attention. When the GPS 95 has a new message, the MSG annunciator will flash. When this occurs, press PWR/STAT to view the new message(s). Press PWR/STAT again to see the page you were viewing prior to reading the message. (See Appendix A for a complete list of GPS 95 messages.) While the MSG annunciator is flashing, the GPS 95 will also generate a tone to alert you of the message.
Following completion of the tests, the Satellite Bar Graph Page will be displayed and the GPS 95 will begin acquiring satellites. After a position is found (and if no keys have been pressed), the Position Page will be displayed and the unit is ready for normal operation. The process of satellite acquisition is fully automatic and, under normal circumstances, will take approximately 2-3 minutes to obtain navigation information.
If the GPS 95 cannot acquire enough satellites for 2D or 3D navigation, you will be informed with the message “Poor GPS coverage”. If this situation occurs, make sure the antenna is properly connected and not obstructed by nearby buildings or other structures. 2.8 TURNING THE GPS 95 OFF To turn the GPS 95 off, press and hold the PWR/STAT key. The Off Page will be displayed, the GPS 95 will perform a countdown and, after a brief delay, will shut off.
CHAPTER 3 WAYPOINTS The GPS 95 allows you to store up to 500 user waypoints. A basic waypoint consists of an identifier (up to six letters and/or numbers) and its location. You will have the opportunity to use waypoints extensively while operating the GPS 95. For example, you can build a route using waypoints, you can perform trip/fuel planning using waypoints, and you can even calculate the time of sunrise and sunset for a waypoint of interest. The GPS 95 features four primary waypoint pages.
3.1 WAYPOINT DEFINITION PAGE 2 1 3 4 5 6 The Waypoint Definition Page allows you to create, edit and review waypoint information. This page displays the following waypoint information: 1) Waypoint identifier 2) Location (latitude/longitude or grid system) 3) Reference waypoint identifier 4) Bearing from reference waypoint to selected waypoint 5) Distance from reference waypoint to selected waypoint 6) User comments Waypoints are selected by the identifier that you assign. To select a waypoint...
3.2 CREATING WAYPOINTS When a waypoint identifier has been entered that does not exist in memory the GPS 95 will assume you wish to create a new waypoint. You may create a new waypoint using one of two methods: direct position entry (latitude/ longitude or grid system) or relative to an existing waypoint. In order to create a waypoint by direct position entry the coordinates for the new waypoint must be known and entered directly into the unit. To enter the waypoint position directly...
To create a waypoint offset from a reference waypoint... · With the Waypoint Definition Page displayed, press the right arrow key until the cursor is over the waypoint identifier field. · Enter the identifier of the new waypoint using the alphanumeric and arrow keys. Press ENT when complete. · Press the right arrow key until the cursor is over the reference waypoint identifier field. · Enter the identifier of the desired reference waypoint and press ENT.
3.3 WAYPOINT LIST The Waypoint List Page allows you to view all stored waypoints in your GPS 95. The list may be scrolled, with the arrow keys, to view all the waypoints. From this page, waypoints may be selected for deletion, renaming or to activate a GOTO. (See Chapter 4 for information on the GOTO function.) To delete a waypoint... · Select the Waypoint List Page by pressing WPT and the LIST softkey, if needed. · With the arrow keys, place the cursor on the desired waypoint. · Press CLR and ENT.
NOTE: The “Delete All?” selection will delete all routes and proximity waypoints as well. From the Waypoint List Page you may also change the name of any waypoint. To rename a waypoint... · Select the Waypoint List Page by pressing WPT and the LIST softkey, if needed. · With the arrow keys, place the cursor on the desired waypoint. · Type in a new name for the waypoint and press ENT. · A confirmation page is displayed. Press ENT to confirm the name change or CLR to cancel. 3.
To select a waypoint using a limited scan... · Select a blank waypoint identifier field. (If the identifier field is not blank, press CLR first.) · Enter the starting letter, or letters, of the desired waypoint identifier. You may limit the scan to the level that you desire. For example, if you enter “C” the GPS 95 will scan through all waypoints that begin with the letter “C”, but, if you enter “CRY” the GPS 95 will display only those waypoints that begin with “CRY”. · Press WPT to begin scanning.
3.6 PROXIMITY ALARM WAYPOINTS The Proximity Waypoint Page allows you to define an alarm circle around a waypoint. This feature is useful in defining an area around a TCA (Class B), MOA, tower, etc. When you approach one of these waypoints the GPS 95 will notify you with an alarm tone and the message, “Prox Alarm [waypoint name],” if you enter the alarm circle. The GPS 95 allows you to define a maximum of nine proximity waypoints. Scroll through the proximity waypoint list using the arrow keys.
3.7 NEAREST WAYPOINTS An important feature on the GPS 95 is the ability to display up to nine nearest waypoints within 200 nautical miles of your present position. The bearing and distance to each nearest waypoint is also displayed. The nearest waypoint feature can be critical in finding a safe landing location in the event of an inflight emergency. To view nearest waypoint information... · Select the Nearest Waypoint Page by pressing WPT and the NRST softkey, if needed.
CHAPTER 4 GETTING THERE FAST - GOTO The GOTO function allows you to quickly set a course from your position to any waypoint. To activate the GOTO function... · Press GOTO. The GOTO Page will be displayed with the cursor on the GOTO waypoint field. If the GPS 95 is currently navigating to a waypoint, that waypoint will be offered as the default GOTO waypoint. If the waypoint field is blank or the waypoint shown is not the desired destination, type the new name right over the old name.
To cancel the GOTO function... · Press GOTO. The GOTO Page will be displayed. · Press CLR. The GOTO waypoint name will become blank. · Press ENT. The GPS 95 will start to navigate using the active route, if it has been programmed. (See Chapter 6.) Otherwise, the GPS 95 will stop computing waypoint navigation data.
CHAPTER 5 NAVIGATION INFORMATION The GPS 95 features four navigation pages. You may select the desired page by pressing NAV and, if needed, the appropriate softkey. NAV Navigation Summary Page Present Position Page Map Display Map Configuration Page 5.
The Navigation Summary Page displays direction, distance and speed information to guide you along a route or to a GOTO destination. Included is a graphic course deviation indicator (CDI), at the bottom of the page, which illustrates your position relative to the course. The current CDI scale setting is shown at each end of the CDI scale. (See Section 8.8 for information on setting the CDI scale.
Notice that the Navigation Summary Page has four cyclic fields. With these cyclic fields you may configure your GPS 95 to display navigation information according to your preferences. (See Appendix B for a description of navigation terms.
The GPS 95 also features a Map Display which shows a graphic top view of your location. The current ground speed is indicated at the top right corner of the display. The top left corner defines the orientation of the Map Display: “North up”, “Ground track up”, or “Desired track up.” If “000” is shown, the Map Display is oriented “North up.” (See Section 5.3 for selection of Map Display orientation.) Your present position is shown in the middle of the display.
To set the Map Display scale... · Press the left arrow key to place the cursor on the scale number. · Press CLR to sequence through the available scale settings. (HINT: The scale setting may also be selected by pressing the alphanumeric key that corresponds to the desired scale.) 5.3 MAP CONFIGURATION The Map Configuration Page allows you to tailor the GPS 95’s Map Display to your preferences.
The Map Display orientation is also selected from the Map Configuration Page. The Map Display may be oriented as follows: · North up - The Map Display will always be displayed with north as the top of the page. · TRK up - Track up. The Map Display will be oriented such that your current ground track direction is at the top of the page. · DTK up - Desired track up. The Map Display will be oriented along the course between the “active from” and “active to” waypoints. 5.
During the initial satellite acquisition, the displayed position is the last known position stored in the GPS 95. If your position has moved a considerable distance since the unit was last used, the GPS will perform an AutoLocateTM (See Section 2.7.) This process can take up to ten minutes as the GPS 95 determines its new location. Alternatively, you may enter a more accurate initial position directly on the Present Position Page to speed up the acquisition process.
To select simulator mode and define a starting location... Press the AUX softkey (the “1” key, in this case) to display the Auxiliary Menu. ABC 1 Place the cursor on “OP Mode” using the right arrow key and press ENT. ENT The Operating Mode Page is displayed showing the current operational mode. Place the cursor on the operational mode field using the right arrow key. CLR *Repeat until desired mode is selected Press CLR until “Simulator?” is selected. Press ENT to accept simulator mode.
Press the “3” key, followed by the left arrow key to select the letter “G”. GHI 3 ABC 1 *Press alphanumeric and arrow keys, as needed, to select desired identifier Press the “1” key followed by the left arrow key, to select the letter “A”. Continue pressing the desired alphanumeric keys and, if needed, the arrow keys to enter the “GARMIN” waypoint. Press ENT when complete. (NOTE: If the GARMIN waypoint is not in memory its coordinates must be entered to initialize the GPS 95 to that location.
From your starting location at the “GARMIN” waypoint you may plot a course and navigate to a nearby airport. For this sample trip you will fly to KCOU, Columbia Regional Airport (N38° 49.078' W92° 13.175'). Before you can navigate to this waypoint it must be added to the GPS 95's memory. To create the “KCOU” waypoint... WPT *Plus WPT softkey, if needed Press WPT and the WPT softkey, if needed, to select the Waypoint Definition Page.
CLR *If need to select proper hemisphere Enter the latitude of KCOU (N38° 49.078'). Begin by selecting the proper hemisphere. If “N” for north is not displayed, press CLR. Press ENT when the proper hemisphere is selected. ENT Enter the latitude degrees. Press the “3” key and the “8” key. Press ENT when complete. GHI 3 VWX 8 ENT JKL 4 *Continue pressing the alphanumeric keys to enter the latitude minutes ENT ENT *Enter the longitude using the same steps shown above Enter the latitude minutes.
Once the waypoint is in memory, you may plot a course to it using the GOTO function. To select a destination waypoint... Navigating to a waypoint is easy. Press GOTO and the GPS 95 will display the GOTO Page, as illustrated. Notice that the cursor is to the right of “GOTO”. On this field you will enter the identifier of your destination waypoint, KCOU. GO TO Press the “4” key to select the letter “K”. JKL 4 Press the “1” key, followed by the right arrow key, to select the letter “C”.
The GPS 95's simulator mode allows you to enter a ground speed which is used to animate the navigation displays. To enter a simulated speed... Press the left arrow key to place the cursor on the ground speed field (bottom right). ABC 1 ENT *Continue pressing the alphanumeric keys as needed to enter ground speed Enter a ground speed of 150 knots. Begin by pressing the “1” key. Continue pressing the alphanumeric keys until “150” is displayed. Press ENT when finished.
useful to help “orient” yourself. The Map Display can show nearby waypoints as points of reference. To view the Map Display... Press NAV. NAV The Map Display is shown indicating your position at the center of the screen and nearby waypoints. Press the left arrow key to place the cursor on the scale number. CLR *Continue pressing CLR until desired scale is selected Press CLR (repeatedly) to select the desired scale. The simulated trip has demonstrated only a small portion of the GPS 95's many features.
CHAPTER 6 ROUTES KSTL (Active from waypoint) SGF MAP (Active to waypoint) Active Leg EOS KTUL The GPS 95 offers a route navigation feature for you to navigate along a predefined sequence of waypoints. The GPS 95 route capability allows you to create and store twenty routes, numbered 0 through 19, containing up to 30 waypoints each. Routes 1 to 19, the storage routes, can be activated to travel either in the order you entered the waypoints or in reverse order.
There are 3 route pages. You may select the desired page by pressing RTE and, if needed, the appropriate softkey. RTE Route List Page Route Definition Page Active Route Page 6.1 ROUTE DEFINITION The Route Definition page allows you to create, change, review, copy, and activate routes. Remember that route 0 is always the active route. If you create a route in route 0, you should copy it into an empty storage route (119). When you activate a storage route, it will be copied to route 0 for activation.
On the route number field, you may choose between routes 0 through 19 with CLR. Next to this is a route action field which allows you to activate the route, clear the route, copy the route to another location, or invert the order of the waypoints in a route and activate it. The arrow keys allow you to scroll through the list of waypoints in a route. 6.2 CREATING AND COPYING ROUTES The Route Definition Page allows you to create new routes and to copy a route to another location for later reference.
6.3 ACTIVATING AND INVERTING ROUTES Routes are also activated on the Route Definition Page. You may activate any route in the displayed order, or in reverse order. (NOTE: Remember, when a new route is activated, the previous contents of route 0 will be overwritten. If you wish to save route 0, be sure to copy it to an empty route first.) To activate a route... · Press RTE and, if needed, the RTE softkey to display the Route Definition Page.
· To insert a waypoint into the route: highlight the waypoint you want to place the new waypoint in front of, type in the new waypoint identifier and press ENT. The new waypoint is added to the route. · To delete a waypoint from the route: highlight the waypoint you wish to delete, press CLR and ENT. · If you attempt to add a waypoint to a route that already contains 30 waypoints, you will be informed with the message, “Route is Full”. NOTE: You may also edit a route from the Active Route Page.
The waypoint list displays route waypoints starting with the “active to” waypoint. For each waypoint, additional information is available. The first column displays Distance (DIS). The second column is a cyclic field that displays Estimated Time Enroute (ETE, in hours/minutes or minutes/seconds, as appropriate), Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA), or Desired Track (DTK). You may scroll through the waypoint list with the arrow keys. To edit the active route...
CHAPTER 7 AUTOSTORETM The AutostoreTM function allows you to capture your position at the touch of a button for future reference. This function saves your current position as a waypoint. Additionally, you may record your navigation path by inserting the captured waypoints directly into a route. AUTO STO The AutostoreTM Page displays the waypoint identifier, captured position and optional storage route. An AutostoreTM waypoint identifier is pre-assigned as a three digit number.
You may capture and save your position as a waypoint, without adding it to a route, by leaving the route storage number field blank. To capture present position ... · Press AUTOSTO. The pre-assigned waypoint identifier and captured position are displayed. (NOTE: The AutostoreTM location is captured as soon as you press AUTOSTO. This allows you all the time you need to change the waypoint identifier and/or confirm the AutostoreTM operation.
To build a route with AutostoreTM... · From the starting location, press AUTOSTO to capture the position. (NOTE: The unit must me in 2D or 3D navigation mode when capturing your starting position. If the unit is still acquiring satellites, and you press AUTOSTO, the last known position will be captured and saved.) · If you wish to assign a different identifier to the waypoint: move the cursor to the waypoint identifier field, enter the name of your choice and press ENT.
CHAPTER 8 GPS STATUS AND AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS The GPS 95 contains a vast array of functions, many of which you may custom tailor to your preferences. Additionally, the unit can provide current status information regarding the satellites being received and display messages relevant to your current operations. You may select the desired page by pressing PWR/STAT and, if needed, the appropriate softkey.
8.1 BAR GRAPH DISPLAY The GPS 95 continually monitors the status of the satellites it tracks and shows that information graphically on a Bar Graph Display. Satellite numbers (1-32) are represented along the bottom of the graph; signal strength (1 to 9, weakest to strongest) is represented along the side. Once a satellite is received, a bar is displayed showing signal strength for that satellite. If a satellite is visible, but not being received, the signal strength will be blank.
“Not Usable” The GPS 95 is unusable (possibly due to incorrect initialization data or abnormal satellite conditions). Turn the unit off and back on. When operating with an RTCM input selected, the Bar Graph Display will denote each satellite for which differential corrections are available with a “D” at the bottom of the bar. (See Section 8.11 for more information on RTCM input selections.) Furthermore, the differential navigation status will also display at the top of the page.
8.3 SATELLITE SKYVIEW PAGE The Satellite Skyview Page shows the azimuth and elevation of each visible satellite in a graphic sky view format. Additionally, DOP and EPE values are shown on the right hand side of the page. The display is always oriented “north up” and is useful in determining whether a satellite signal is being blocked by part of the aircraft, buildings, mountains, or other obstructions. If a satellite is not currently being received, it will be highlighted on the display. 8.
Below the operating mode field is a reference waypoint field to define an initial position. In simulator mode you may designate a starting point from which the simulation will begin. In normal and battery saver modes, the initial position may be defined to reduce satellite acquisition time. To define an initial position... · Select the desired operating mode by placing the cursor on the operating mode field and pressing CLR. · Press ENT to select the desired mode.
The track storing function may be turned on and off by highlighting the first status field and pressing CLR. From the next field, the track may be set to “wrap” around through available memory (deleting the oldest track information and using the memory to store the new track position), or to “fill” available memory and then stop. The amount of memory, used at any given moment, is also displayed.
· Enter the resolution range, and press ENT. When your position moves this defined range off a projected course line, a new position is added to the stored ground track. 8.7 UNITS/HEADING SETUP The Units/Heading Page is used to select the units to display for position, distance, speed and heading information. Select the desired position units by highlighting the “POSN” field and pressing CLR. You may choose between decimal degrees (hddd.ddddd°); degrees and decimal minutes (hddd°mm.
8.8 ALARMS/CDI SETUP From the Alarms/CDI Page, you may define three alarms (and turn them on or off) and configure the graphic CDI to your preference. Alarms are available for course deviation, arrival at a destination waypoint, and an alarm clock. The CDI alarm will notify you with an alarm tone and the message “CDI Alarm” if you have deviated off course beyond the limit that you set. (This can be useful while flying in an airway or navigating a narrow channel.) To set the CDI alarm...
To set the alarm clock... · Highlight the alarm clock time and enter the desired alarm time. NOTE: The alarm time may be either UTC or local time depending on the setting on the Date/Time Page. (See Section 8.9.) · Press ENT. · The on/off cyclic field is highlighted. If the alarm is not turned on, press CLR. The graphic CDI may be configured to the desired scale and steering orientation. Scale settings of ±.25, 1.25, or 5.00 units (nautical miles, statute miles, or kilometers) are available.
8.9 DATE/TIME The Date/Time Page displays the UTC (Coordinated Universal Time, Greenwich Mean Time or Zulu Time) date and time. The local offset or time difference is shown on the next line. For time zones west of the UTC zone, enter a negative offset. (HINT: The minus sign is on the “9” key.) Appendix E contains a list of time offsets. The cyclic field for “Display” options determines which time, UTC or Local, will be displayed on all other GPS 95 pages. To display UTC or local time...
To set the count down timer... · Place the cursor on the timer option field. · Press CLR to select “count down”. · Press the right arrow key. · Enter the number of hours to count down from and press ENT. · Enter the number of minutes to count down from and press ENT. · Enter the number of seconds to count down from and press ENT. The count down timer will begin counting down from the selected time. 8.
To set the backlighting time-out... · Highlight the backlighting time-out field. · Enter the desired time for backlighting to remain on. If you wish to have the backlighting on at all times, enter zero. · Press ENT. 8.11 INTERFACE SETUP From the Interface Page, you may select the input and/or output format needed to connect your GPS 95 to other equipment: PC, NMEA device, etc.
To select GARMIN input/output... · Place the cursor on the input/output format field. · Press CLR until the GARMIN input/output option is selected. · Press the right arrow key. · Select “Host”, “Req[uest]”, or “Send” by pressing CLR. (NOTE: You should select the “Host” option when using the GPS 95 with a PC. When exchanging data between two GPS 95s, one should be set to “Host” and the second should be set to the desired data transfer option - “Req[uest]” or “Send”.
8.12 MAP DATUM SELECTION Select the desired map datum reference from the Map Datum Page. You may choose from 102 pre-defined map datums, or you may define your own. If the sectional/chart you are using specifies a reference datum, select that datum on your GPS 95. If the sectional/chart does not specify a reference datum, you may select each datum applicable to your region until you find the datum that provides the best positioning at a known point.
8.13 MESSAGES You may recall from Section 2.6 that some messages will remain on the Message Page after being viewed. When this occurs, the “MSG” annunciator remains on (but does not flash) in the lower left corner. To view these messages, select “Messages” from the Auxiliary Page. (See Appendix A for a description of available messages.) 8.14 DENSITY ALTITUDE/TRUE AIRSPEED/WINDS ALOFT The GPS 95 provides density altitude, true airspeed (TAS) and winds aloft calculators for your convenience.
To calculate winds aloft... · If you have not already calculated TAS: place the cursor over the TAS field, enter the correct true airspeed and press ENT. · Place the cursor over the heading (Hdg) field. · Enter the current heading (magnetic) from your heading indicator and press ENT. The GPS 95 will display the wind direction, speed, and the head/tail wind you are encountering. 8.
8.16 TRIP AND FUEL PLANNING The Trip and Fuel Planning Page allows you to calculate time and fuel requirements between any two waypoints or for any programmed route. On the first cyclic field, you will choose between waypoint (WPT) or route (RTE) planning by highlighting and pressing CLR. If route planning is selected, you would then select the desired route number and the portion of the route (a given leg or all of the route) to calculate for. The final step is to enter speed and fuel flow rates.
To perform a trip and fuel plan for a route... · Highlight the first cyclic field (top left) and select “RTE” with CLR. · Highlight the next cyclic field and select the desired route number by pressing CLR. · Highlight the “Leg>” field and select the desired leg, or select “All” for the entire route, using CLR. · Highlight the “SPD:” field and enter the planned speed, followed by ENT. · Highlight the “Flow:” field and enter the estimated fuel flow followed by ENT.
Pilots will find the GPS 95's vertical navigation (VNAV) function useful for calculating vertical speed requirements. In order to use the VNAV feature, aircraft ground speed must be greater than 35 knots. To calculate vertical speed requirements... · Place the cursor on the initial (Frm) altitude field. · Enter the initial altitude and press ENT. · Enter the final (To) altitude and press ENT. · Enter the offset distance, from the desired waypoint, at which you will reach your final altitude. Press ENT.
When VNAV is active, this page will recommend the altitude and vertical speed required to complete the maneuver. Remember that these are only recommendations. You will be informed with the message “Final Altitude Alert” when the recommended altitude is within 1000 feet of the final altitude. The VNAV function will be cancelled automatically if the active route (or GOTO) is changed in any way (e.g., setting a new GOTO destination or adding a waypoint to a route).
CHAPTER 9 SAMPLE TRIP USING ROUTES Now that you have gained a basic understanding for your GPS 95, you are ready to explore the route capabilities of this unit. The sample illustrations in this chapter assume that the factory default settings have not been changed. If you have changed these parameters the unit may display slightly different data than presented here. You are planning a trip from St. Petersburg, Florida to the Dry Tortugas and then on to Key West, Florida .
The welcome screen is displayed and the GPS 95 performs several self tests. After about five seconds the Satellite Bar Graph Page is displayed and the GPS 95 will begin acquiring satellites. Since this is a simulated trip you do not need to wait for the GPS 95 to acquire satellites. You will set the operating mode to “simulator” and define the starting location (St. Petersburg). Setting the simulator mode and initial position...
showing the current operational mode. Press the right arrow to place the cursor on the operational mode field. Press CLR (repeatedly) “Simulator?” is displayed. CLR *Press repeatedly until “Simulator” is displayed until Press ENT to select simulator mode. ENT The cursor is on the reference identifier field. Set the initial position by entering the identifier for St. Petersburg, Florida (KPIE). Press the “4” key to select the letter “K”.
displayed indicating that the position coordinates for St. Petersburg, Florida (KPIE) are not known. CLR *If needed to select proper hemisphere ENT Enter the latitude for KPIE (N27° 54.646'). Begin by selecting the proper hemisphere. If “N” for north is not displayed, press CLR. Press ENT when the proper hemisphere is selected. Enter the latitude degrees. Press the “2” key and the “7” key. Press ENT when complete. DEF 2 STU 7 ENT Enter the latitude minutes. Begin by pressing the “5” key.
ENT *Enter the longitude using the same steps shown above 41.244') in the same manner as was used for the latitude. Press ENT once data is entered into each field. Press the right arrow key twice to place the cursor on “USE?” and press ENT. ENT Since the trip will begin at St. Petersburg, there is no need to define a reference bearing from this waypoint. Press ENT. ENT Enter a distance of zero and press ENT.
Before you begin the trip, all waypoints used along the route must be in memory. The location for St. Petersburg was just created when the initial position was set. The position coordinates for the Dry Tortugas (DRYTG) and Key West (KEYW) must still be entered. Below are the identifiers and locations for waypoints used in this sample trip: Indent Latitude Longitude KPIE N27°54.646' W082°41.244' DRYTG N24°38.430' W083°08.301' KEYW N24°33.370' W081°45.
CLR *If needed to select proper hemisphere Enter the latitude of DRYTG (N24°38.430'). Begin by selecting the proper hemisphere, If “N” for north is not displayed, press CLR. Press ENT when the proper hemisphere is selected. ENT Enter the latitude degrees. Press the “2” key and the “4” key. Press ENT when complete. DEF 2 JKL 4 ENT GHI 3 ENT *Continue pressing the alphanumeric keys to enter the latitude minutes Enter the latitude minutes. Begin by pressing the “3” key.
ENT *Enter the longitude using the same steps shown above Enter the longitude of DRYTG (W083°08.301') in the same manner as was used for the latitude. Press ENT once data is entered into each field. (NOTE: You do not need to enter the leading zero for degrees or minutes. In both cases you may begin by pressing the “8” key.) Press the right arrow key three times to place the cursor on the waypoint identifier field.
To create the sample route... RTE *Plus RTE softkey, if needed Press RTE and the RTE softkey, if needed, to select the Route Definition Page. Press the right arrow to place the cursor on the route number field. CLR Press CLR to select route 1. Notice that the route is empty; it does not contain any waypoints. (If route 1 is not empty, select a different route.) Press the right arrow key twice to place the cursor on the first waypoint identifier field. JKL 4 PQR 6 Enter the identifier for St.
ENT ENT ENT *Continue pressing the alphanumeric and arrow keys, if needed, to enter the waypoint identifier *Enter the next waypoint identifier using the alphanumeric keys *Enter the next waypoint identifier using the alphanumeric keys Continue pressing the alphanumeric and, if needed, arrow keys until the waypoint identifier is added to the route. Press ENT when complete. The cursor is on the second waypoint identifier field.
To activate the sample route... *Continue pressing until “Activate” is highlighted Press the right arrow key until “Activate?” is highlighted. (If “Activate?” is not displayed on this field, you may select it by pressing CLR.) Press ENT to activate the route. The Active Route Page is displayed. This page displays the “active from” and “active to” waypoints on line one, as well as distance and time information to each waypoint on the following lines.
ABC 1 *Continue pressing the alphanumeric key to enter the ground speed ENT Enter a ground speed of 150 knots. Begin by pressing the “1” key. Continue pressing the alphanumeric keys until the ground speed has been entered. Press ENT when complete. The simulation velocity is now set. The Navigation Summary Page will indicate distance, speed, track, bearing and CDI information.
In an actual emergency you could instantly plot a course to a nearest waypoint by highlighting the desired waypoint (using the arrow keys), pressing GOTO and ENT. The GPS 95 would override the route and provide navigation information to direct you to the selected waypoint. Experiment with your GPS 95! · Now that you have started on a trip to the Dry Tortugas, why don't you take some time to experiment with the GPS 95? Press each function key to get familiar with the available pages.
APPENDIX A MESSAGES The GPS 95 uses the Message Page to communicate important information to you. Some messages are advisory in nature, others are warnings that may require your intervention. This appendix provides a complete list of messages and their meanings. Please pay careful attention to all messages. Alarm Clock - The alarm time for the alarm clock has been reached. Approaching ____ - You are less than one minute from reaching the indicated waypoint.
Need Altitude - The GPS 95 needs altitude to start and/or continue 2D navigation. Press NAV and enter your current altitude. The altitude you enter should be as accurate as possible. An inaccurate altitude will result in an inaccurate position and navigation information. No DGPS Position - An RTCM input has been selected, but not enough DGPS data is available to calculate a corrected position.
ROM Failed - The GPS 95 has detected a failure in its permanent memory. If this message occurs, the unit is unusable and should be taken to an authorized GARMIN service center. Route is Full - An attempt has been made to add more than 30 waypoints to a route. The GPS 95 will not allow more than 30 waypoints per route. Route Not Empty - An attempt has been made to copy a route to a nonempty route. The GPS 95 will not allow you to copy a route to a non-empty route.
APPENDIX B GLOSSARY AND NAVIGATION TERMS B.1 DEFINITIONS This section provides an illustration of and definitions for the terms used in this manual.
Velocity/time terms: GS Ground speed. GS is the speed measured relative to a ground position; also known as velocity over ground (VOG). ETA Estimated time of arrival. ETA is the estimated time you will reach the “active to” waypoint based on current GS. This time is selectable as either UTC or local. ETE Estimated time enroute. ETE is the time it will take to reach the “active to” waypoint based on current GS. Direction terms: DTK Desired track.
Satellite terms: DOP Dilution of precision. DOP is a measure of the satellite geometry quality and hence the relative accuracy of your position (one meaning the best and ten meaning poor). EPE Estimated position error. EPE, which is computed using the satellite geometry (DOP), signal and data quality, receiver tracking status and other factors, is an overall measure of your position accuracy. B.
As an example, suppose you activate the route illustrated above. The GPS 95 chooses the closest leg with a desired track of 45 degrees but your position happens to be two nautical miles off course. The unit will automatically compute the optimal course to steer (which is due north in this example). Press the NAV key until the Nav Summary Page is displayed, then select “CTS” on the first cyclic field. Using the CTS direction (000°), turn so that the track (TRK) and CTS direction match.
APPENDIX C INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE C.1 SPECIFICATIONS GPS 95 SPECIFICATIONS* —————————————————————————————PHYSICAL Case: Waterproof Size: Portable: 3.23"w x 6.26"h x 1.46"d (82mm x 159mm x 37mm) Fixed: Weight: 3.23"w x 4.87"h x 1.46"d (82mm x 124mm x 37mm) 14 ounces (0.4 kg) without battery pack 19 ounces (0.
Update Rate: Once per second, continuously Accuracy: Position: 15 meters (49 ft) RMS** Velocity: 0.1 knots RMS steady state Dynamics: 999 knots velocity, 3g dynamics INTERFACES NMEA 0180 NMEA 0182 NMEA 0183 (Version 1.5; December 1987) Approved sentences: GPBWC, GPGLL, GPRMB, GPRMC, GPR00, GPWPL, GPXTE Proprietary sentences: PGRMZ Transmission rate: GPBWC, GPGLL, GPRMB, GPRMC, GPXTE, and PGRMZ transmitted once every two seconds. GPR00 transmitted once every (# of all waypoints + 1) * 2 seconds.
C.2 ELECTRICAL WIRING The GPS 95 power/data cable allows you to connect the unit to vehicle power systems, other electronics, and a remote alarm/beeper. The power/data cable has a 7-pin intermediate connector to facilitate quick disconnection of all electrical connections and easy removal of the entire yoke mount from the aircraft. The GPS 95 is supplied with two wire harnesses: one with a cigarette lighter plug for temporary use and the other for permanent wiring.
To connect to a remote alarm system... · Connect the BLUE harness lead to the negative side of a transistor alarm or relay switch. · Connect the positive side of the alarm or relay to the positive side of the 5-40 volt DC power source. The GPS 95 may be connected to a PC-compatible computer using a NMEA 0183 data interface or to marine electronics such as an autopilot or plotter which use an NMEA 0180, NMEA 0182 or NMEA 0183 data interface.
To attach the yoke mount to the control yoke... · Loosen the lower knob. · Slide the clamp over the control yoke shaft just behind the control wheel. · Tighten the lower knob securely. · Make sure that the clamp is as close as possible to the control wheel and check to make sure that the yoke travel is not limited or hindered in any way by the yoke mount. To adjust the yoke mount viewing angle... · Loosen the upper knob. · Rotate the bracket up or down on the ratchet. · Tighten the upper knob securely.
The yoke mount is designed to allow the GPS 95 to be installed either with or without the battery pack attached. To adjust the yoke mount to accept the GPS 95 with the battery pack attached... · Loosen the coinslot screw. · Lower the cradle to its lowest position. · Tighten the coinslot screw. When adjusted properly, the coinslot screw should fit completely into the counterbore in the cradle so that all surfaces are flush. C.
To insert the GPS 95 into the yoke mount... · Tilt the top of the GPS 95 into the yoke mount as shown. · Engage the slot in the top of the GPS 95 into the raised bump in the yoke mount bracket. · Rotate the bottom of the GPS 95 into the yoke mount until the unit latches securely into place. · Connect the antenna or antenna cable. No other electrical connections are required; all power and data connections are made through the 6pin connector mounted in the yoke mount bracket.
· Apply enough force to the release tab to allow the unit to pass as shown above. · Pull the bottom of the GPS 95 out. Then rotate the top downward and out. NOTE: The portable antenna is removed by gripping the antenna at its base (on the knurled knob) and rotating 1/4 turn counterclockwise. The antenna will then pull straight off of the BNC connector on the side of the unit. C.
To replace the alkaline batteries... · Grip the battery pack around the outside edge (not the bottom). · Push the top of the battery pack against the edge of a hard surface which will not mar the plastic. The outer sleeve will slide off the cage, revealing the batteries inside.
· Replace the batteries, observing the polarity diagram engraved in the plastic. · Slide the sleeve over the cage until it snaps into place, taking care that you do not tear the gaskets which seal the battery pack. C.7 MAINTENANCE The GPS 95 is constructed of high quality material and should not require user maintenance. Please refer any repairs to an authorized GARMIN service center. (The unit contains no user serviceable parts. Do not attempt repairs yourself.
APPENDIX D MAP DATUMS The following is a list of the GPS 95 map datum selections and the corresponding map datum name (including the area of application): Adindan Afgooye AIN EL ABD 1970 Anna 1 Astro 1965 ARC 1950 ARC 1960 Ascension Island ‘58 Astro B4 Sorol Atoll Astro Beacon “E” Astro Dos 71/4 Astronomic Stn ‘52 Australian Geod ‘66 Australian Geod ‘84 Bellevue (IGN) Bermuda 1957 Bogota Obsrvatry Campo Inchauspe Canto Astro 1966 Cape Cape Canaveral Carthage CH-1903 Chatham 1971 Chua Astro Corrego Alegre Dj
Geodetic Datum ‘49 Guam 1963 Gux 1 Astro Hjorsey 1955 Hong Kong 1963 Indian Bangladesh Indian Thailand Ireland 1965 ISTS 073 ASTRO ‘69 Johnston Island Kandawala Kergulen Island Kertau 1948 L.C.
Nahrwn Saudi Arbia Nahrwn United Arab Naparima BWI Observatorio 1966 Old Egyptian Old Hawaiian Oman Ord Srvy Grt Britn Pico De Las Nieves Pitcairn Astro 1967 Prov So Amricn ‘56 Prov So Chilean ‘63 Puerto Rico Qatar National Qornoq Reunion Rome 1940 RT 90 Santo (Dos) Sao Braz Sapper Hill 1943 Schwarzeck South American ‘69 South Asia Southeast Base Southwest Base Timbalai 1948 Tokyo Tristan Astro 1968 Viti Levu 1916 Wake-Eniwetok ‘60 WGS 72 WGS 84 Zanderij Nahrwn - Saudi Arabia Nahrwn - United Arab Emirates
APPENDIX E UTC TIME TO LOCAL TIME OFFSET Reference the chart below to find the UTC-to-local time offset for your longitude zone. (If you are in a daylight savings time zone, add one hour to the offset.) For example, if you are at longitude W081°00.00' and UTC time is 16:00, local time is 11:00 standard time. Longitude Zone W180.0° W172.5° W157.5° W142.5° W127.5° W112.5° W097.5° W082.5° W067.5° W052.5° W037.5° W022.5° W007.5° E007.5° E022.5° E037.5° E052.5° E067.5° E082.5° E097.5° E112.5° E127.5° E142.
APPENDIX F INDEX A Active from waypoint Active leg Active Route Page Active to waypoint Alarm clock Alarms/CDI Page Alphanumeric field Alphanumeric keys Altitude, entering Antenna, installing Antenna, removing Arrival alarm Arrow keys Audio/Display Page Audio tones AutoLocateTM AUTOSTOre Key AutoStoreTM Page AutoStoreTM, routes AutoStoreTM, waypoints Auxiliary Menu 6-1 6-1 6-5 6-1 8-9 8-8 2-2 2-3 5-6 C-8 C-8 8-8 2-3 8-11 8-11 2-6 2-3 7-1 7-2 7-1 8-4 8-9 2-3 2-2 8-11 5-2 B-2 B-2 2-2 2-2 D Data, entering D
Fuel planning Filters, setting G GARMIN input/output GOTO, activating GOTO, cancelling GOTO function GOTO Key GPS status Ground speed (GS) H Heading, selecting 8-17 Message annunciator 8-5 Messages, list Messages, receiver status Messages, viewing Modes, operational 8-13 4-1 N 4-2 4-1 NAV Key 2-3 Navigation information 8-1 Navigation Summary Page B-2 Navigation terms Nearest Waypoint Page NMEA output Normal mode 8-7 North up Numeric field 2-1 A-1 8-2 2-5 1-4 2-3 5-1 5-1 B-1 3-9 8-12 1-4 5-6 2-2 I Initia
Reviewing waypoints Route Definition Page Route List Page Routes activating copying creating deleting editing inverting RTCM input RTE Key S Satellite Skyview Page Satellite Status Page Scale, map Scanning waypoints Setups, unit Simulator mode Softkeys Specifications Steer to, orientation Sunrise/Sunset Page T 3D Navigation Timer, count down Timer, count up Time-out, backlighting Track (TRK) Track Log Setup Page Trip and Fuel Planning Page Trip planning, routes Trip planning, waypoints TRK up True airspeed
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