G1000 ® Integrated Avionics System Pilot’s Guide Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi
Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2012, 2014 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. This manual reflects the operation of System Software version 0636.06 or later for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi. Some differences in operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to earlier or later software versions. Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282 Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Road SE, Salem, OR 97302, U.S.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES WARNING: Navigation and terrain separation must NOT be predicated upon the use of the terrain avoidance feature. The terrain avoidance feature is NOT intended to be used as a primary reference for terrain avoidance and does not relieve the pilot from the responsibility of being aware of surroundings during flight. The terrain avoidance feature is only to be used as an aid for terrain avoidance. Terrain data is obtained from third party sources.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES WARNING: For safety reasons, G1000 operational procedures must be learned on the ground. WARNING: The Garmin system, as installed in this aircraft, has a very high degree of functional integrity. However, the pilot must recognize that providing monitoring and/or self-test capability for all conceivable system failures is not practical. WARNING: The United States government operates the Global Positioning System and is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES WARNING: Do not use GPS to navigate to any active waypoint identified as a ‘NON WGS84 WPT’ by a system message. ‘NON WGS84 WPT’ waypoints are derived from an unknown map reference datum that may be incompatible with the map reference datum used by GPS (known as WGS84) and may be positioned in error as displayed. CAUTION: The PFD and MFD displays use a lens coated with a special anti-reflective coating that is very sensitive to skin oils, waxes, and abrasive cleaners.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES NOTE: When operating the G1000 in DG Free Mode (GRS 7800 installations only), the heading information used by some system components (e.g. GTS 8000, AFCS, and GWX) will be different from the heading displayed on the GDU by an amount equal to the difference between the current Magnetic Field Variation Database (MV DB) value, and the MV DB value when DG Free Mode was activated.
REVISION INFORMATION Record of Revisions vi Part Number 190-00663-00 190-00663-01 Revision A A Date 9/21/07 3/11/09 190-00663-02 A 10/25/12 190-00663-02 190-00663-03 B A 10/31/12 12/8/14 Page Range Description i – I-6 Initial Release at GDU SW 8.10 i – I-6 Initial Release - Added SVS - Updated to GDU SW 9.14 - Added optional ADS-B - Added Audio Panel with Cabin Button i – I-6 Initial Release for GDU SW 12.03 - Added ESP - Updated to GDU SW 12.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Description.................................................. 1 Line Replaceable Units (LRU).................................. 2 G1000 Controls......................................................... 7 PFD Controls................................................................. 7 Controls Associated With the MFD.................................. 9 AFCS Controls...................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.5 Additional Audio Panel Functions...................... 133 Power-Up.................................................................. 133 Mono/Stereo Headsets............................................... 133 Speaker.................................................................... 133 Unmuted Inputs........................................................ 133 Intercom................................................................... 134 Passenger Address (PA) System...............
TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.3 Stormscope........................................................... 361 Setting Up Stormscope on the Navigation Map............ 362 Selecting the Stormscope Page................................... 365 6.4 TAWS-B.................................................................. 367 Displaying TAWS-B Data............................................. 368 TAWS-B Alerts........................................................... 372 System Status............................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS 8.3 ChartView.............................................................. 484 ChartView Softkeys.................................................... 485 Terminal Procedures Charts........................................ 486 Chart Options............................................................ 494 Day/Night View......................................................... 500 ChartView Cycle Number and Expiration Date.............. 502 8.4 FliteCharts......................................
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION This section provides an overview of the G1000 Integrated Flight Deck as installed in the Beechcraft C90A/ GT/GTi. The G1000 system is an integrated flight control system that presents flight instrumentation, position, navigation, communication, and identification information to the pilot through large-format displays.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.2 LINE REPLACEABLE UNITS (LRU) • GDU 1040A (2) – Each unit is configured as a PFD that features a 10.4-inch LCD with 1024 x 768 resolution. The unit installed on the left/pilot side is designated as PFD1, and the one installed on the right/copilot side is designated as PFD2. These units communicate with each other, the MFD, and with the on-side GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit through a High-Speed Data Bus (HSDB) connection.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GDC 74B (2) – Processes data from the pitot/static system as well as the OAT probe. This unit provides pressure altitude, airspeed, vertical speed and OAT information to the G1000 system, and it communicates with the onside GIA 63W, on-side GDU 1040A, GDU 1040A MFD, and on-side GRS 77/7800, using an ARINC 429 digital interface (it also interfaces directly with the on-side GTP 59). The GDC 74B is designed to operate in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) airspace.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GMA 1347D/1347D-20 (2) – Integrates NAV/COM digital audio, intercom system and marker beacon controls, and is installed in dual configuration on the outboard side of PFD1 and PFD2. This unit also enables the manual control of the display reversionary mode (red DISPLAY BACKUP button) and communicates with the on-side GIA 63W, using an RS-232 digital interface. • GTX 33/33(ES) (2) – Solid-state transponders that provide Modes A, C, S and ADS-B capability.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GCU 475 (1) – Provides the Flight Management System (FMS) controls for the MFD through an RS-232 digital interface. • GMC 710 (1) – Provides the controls for the Garmin AFCS through an RS-232 digital interface allowing communication with both PFDs. • GTP 59 (2) – Provides Outside Air Temperature (OAT) data to the on-side GDC 74B. • GSA 80 (3), GSA 81 (1), and GSM 85A (4) – The GSA 80 servos are used for the automatic control of roll, pitch, and yaw.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW GMC 710 GWX 70 GDU 1040A (PFD #1) GDL 69A GMA 1347D/ GMA 1347D-20 #1 GCU 475 GDU 1040A (PFD #2) GDU 1500 (MFD) GMU 44 #1 GMA 1347D/ GMA 1347D-20 #2 GMU 44 #2 GRS 77/7800 #1 GRS 77/7800 #2 GIA 63W #1 GIA 63W #2 VHF COM VHF NAV/LOC GPS/SBAS G/S GDC 74B #1 AFCS Mode Logic Flight Director Servo Management GTP 59 #1 GDC 74B #2 VHF COM VHF NAV/LOC GPS/SBAS G/S GTP 59 #2 AFCS Mode Logic Flight Director Servo Management GSA 81 (Pitch Trim) GSA 80 (Pitch) GSA 80 GTX 33/33ES (Roll)
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.3 G1000 CONTROLS NOTE: The Audio Panel (GMA 1347D) and AFCS controls (GMC 710) are described in the CNS & Audio Panel and AFCS sections respectively. The G1000 system controls are located on the PFD and MFD bezels, MFD Control Unit, AFCS Control Unit and audio panel. The controls for the PFD and MFD are discussed within the following pages of this section. PFD CONTROLS 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8 Figure 1-2 PFD Controls 9 13 10 14 11 15 12 190-00663-03 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The following list provides an overview of the controls located on the PFD bezel (see Figure 1-2). 8 1 NAV VOL/ID Knob – Controls NAV audio volume level. Press to toggle the Morse code identifier audio ON and OFF. Volume level is shown in the NAV frequency field as a percentage. 2 NAV Frequency Transfer Key – Toggles the standby and active NAV frequencies. 3 Dual NAV Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the NAV receiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for kHz).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW CONTROLS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MFD The controls for the MFD (GDU 1500) are located on both the MFD bezel and the MFD Control Unit (GCU 475). The bottom portion of the MFD bezel features 12 softkeys that are designed to perform various functions depending upon the specific page being displayed. These softkeys are discussed throughout the Pilot’s Guide documentation.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 6 Joystick – Changes the map range when rotated. Activates the map pointer when pressed. 7 Alphanumeric Keys – Allow the user to enter data quickly, without having to select individual characters with the FMS Knob. 8 Plus (+) Minus (-) Key – Toggles a (+) or (-) character. 9 Decimal Key – Enters a decimal point.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 4 FD Key – Activates/deactivates the flight director in the default pitch and roll modes. If the autopilot is engaged, the FD Key is disabled. 5 XFR Key – Switches the autopilot between the pilot-side and the copilot-side flight directors. This selection also selects which air data computer is communicating with the active transponder. Upon power-up, the pilot-side FD is selected. 6 ALT Key – Selects/deselects Altitude Hold Mode.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 9 10 11 12 11 12 13 14 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 17 18 19 21 19 20 21 20 25 22 23 22 23 24 GMA 1347D 24 GMA 1347D-20 Figure 1-5 Audio Panel Controls NOTE: When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated. 12 1 COM1 MIC – Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5 COM3 MIC – Selects an optional transmitter for transmitting (if installed). COM3 is simultaneously selected when this key is pressed allowing received audio from the optional receiver to be heard. COM3 can be deselected by pressing the COM3 Key, or either COM1 or COM2 can be added by pressing the COM1 or COM2 Key. 6 COM3 – When selected, audio from an optional COM can be heard. 7 PA – Selects the passenger address system.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.4 SECURE DIGITAL CARDS NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for instructions on updating the aviation database. NOTE: Ensure that the G1000 system is powered off before inserting the SD card. The GDU 1040A and GDU 1500 data card slots use Secure Digital (SD) cards and are located on the top right portion of the display bezels. Each display bezel is equipped with two SD card slots. SD cards are used for aviation database and system software updates as well as terrain database storage.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.5 SYSTEM POWER-UP NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for AHRS initialization bank angle limitations. NOTE: See the Appendices for additional information regarding system-specific annunciations and alerts. NOTE: See the Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM/POH) for specific procedures concerning avionics power application and emergency power supply operation.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.6 SYSTEM OPERATION The displays are connected together via multiple data busses, thus allowing for high-speed communication. As shown in Figure 1-1, each GIA 63W is connected to the on-side PFD. This section discusses the normal and reversionary modes of operation as well as the various AHRS modes of the G1000 system.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW REVERSIONARY MODE NOTE: The G1000 system alerts the pilot when backup paths are utilized by the LRUs. Refer to the Appendices for further information regarding system-specific alerts. Reversionary mode is a mode of operation in which all important flight information is presented identically on at least one of the remaining displays (see Figure 1-10).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AHRS OPERATION NOTE: Aggressive maneuvering while AHRS is not operating normally may degrade AHRS accuracy. In addition to using internal sensors, the AHRS uses GPS information, magnetic field data and air data to assist in attitude/heading calculations. In normal mode, the AHRS relies upon GPS and magnetic field measurements. If either of these external measurements is unavailable or invalid, the AHRS uses air data information for attitude determination.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AHRS Failure Failure of the internal AHRS inertial sensors may result in loss of attitude and heading information (indicated by red ‘X’ flags over the corresponding flight instruments). GPS Input Failure The system provides two sources of GPS information. If a single GPS receiver fails, or if the information provided from one of the GPS receivers is unreliable, the AHRS seamlessly transitions to using the other GPS receiver.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW GPS Data Available and Reliable? NO YES Mag Data Available & Reliable? Mag Data Available & Reliable? YES NO NO YES Manual DG Selection? 10 10 YES NO AHRS Primary Mode AHRS No-Magnetometer Mode 10 10 10 10 360‘ AHRS DG Free Mode 10 10 10 10 360‘ Heading Invalid, DG Free Mode Available FREE AHRS Classical Mode 10 10 10 10 360‘ 10 10 360‘ Heading Entered by Pilot Figure 1-14 AHRS Modes (GRS 7800) GPS Input Failure Two GPS inputs are provided to the AHRS.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW G1000 SYSTEM ANNUNCIATIONS NOTE: For a detailed description of all annunciations and alerts, refer to Appendix A. Refer to the (AFM/ POH) for additional information regarding pilot responses to these annunciations. When an LRU or an LRU function fails, a large red “X” is typically displayed on windows associated with the failed data (Figure 1-15 displays all possible flags and responsible LRUs). Upon G1000 power-up, certain windows remain invalid as equipment begins to initialize.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Softkey On Softkey Names (displayed) Bezel-Mounted Softkeys (press) Figure 1-16 Softkeys (Second-Level PFD Configuration) Another means of selecting softkeys on the MFD is by using the GCU 475 Control Unit: Selecting a softkey using the Control Unit 1) Move the softkey selection box to the desired softkey using the arrows of the SEL Key. 2) Press the center of the SEL Key to select the desired softkey.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SENSOR ADC1 ADC2 AHRS1 AHRS2 PFD SYN VIS PATHWAY SYN TERR HRZN HDG APTSIGNS DFLTS WIND OPTN 1 OPTN 2 OPTN 3 OFF DME BRG1 HSI FRMT Displays softkeys for selecting the #1 and #2 AHRS and Air Data Computers Selects the #1 Air Data Computer Selects the #2 Air Data Computer Selects the #1 AHRS Selects the #2 AHRS Displays second-level softkeys for additional PFD configurations Displays the softkeys for enabling or disabling Synthetic Vision features Displays rectang
SYSTEM OVERVIEW OBS CDI DME XPDR XPDR1 XPDR2 STBY ON ALT GND VFR CODE 0—7 BKSP ADS-B TX IDENT TMR/REF NRST ALERTS Selects OBS mode on the CDI when navigating by GPS (only available with active leg) Cycles through GPS, VOR1, and VOR2 navigation modes on the CDI Displays the DME Tuning Window, allowing tuning and selection of the DME (optional) Displays transponder mode selection softkeys Selects the #1 transponder as active Selects the #2 transponder as active Selects standby mode (transpond
SYSTEM OVERVIEW (optional) ALERTS (optional) (optional) WX LGND STRMSCP TRFC-1 (optional) (optional) (optional) ALERTS METAR Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys. TRFC-2 Figure 1-18 INSET Softkeys (optional) ALERTS ADC1 ADC2 AHRS1 AHRS2 BACK ALERTS Select the BACK Softkey toreturn to the top level softkeys. Figure 1-19 SENSOR Softkeys 190-00663-03 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW (optional) ALERTS (optional) HDG MODE ALT UNIT HSI FRMT SYN VIS ALERTS Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys DG FREE DG SLAVE HDG + HDG - HDG SYNC METERS 360 HSI BACK TRK SYNC IN HPA ALERTS ALERTS ARC HSI ALERTS ALERTS PATHWAY SYN TERR HRZN HDG APTSIGNS ALERTS Figure 1-20 PFD Configuration Softkeys (optional) ALERTS (optional) ADS-B TX ALERTS Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW MFD SOFTKEYS MAP TRAFFIC PROFILE TOPO TERRAIN AIRWAYS (Default label is dependent on map setup option selected) STRMSCP NEXRAD XM LTNG METAR LEGEND BACK DCLTR (3) SHW CHRT CHKLIST 190-00663-03 Rev. A Enables second-level Navigation Map softkeys Displays traffic information on Navigation Map Displays profile view on Navigation Map Page Displays topographical data (e.g.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW (optional) DCLTR SHW CHRT CHKLIST MAP DCLTR DCLTR-1 DCLTR-2 DCLTR-3 (optional) (optional) (optional) (optional) (optional) TRAFFIC PROFILE TOPO TERRAIN AIRWAYS STRMSCP NEXRAD XM LTNG METAR LEGEND BACK Press the BACK softkey to return to the top-level softkeys. AIRWAYS AIRWY ON AIRWY LO AIRWY HI DONE EXIT EMERGCY The DONE Softkey label changes to UNDO when the checklist item is already checked.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW If the sensor annunciation persists, check for a system failure message in the Messages Window on the PFD. If no failure message exists, check the GPS Status Page and compare the information for GPS1 and GPS2. Discrepancies may indicate a problem. Viewing GPS receiver status information 1) Use the large FMS Knob to select the Auxiliary Page Group (see Section 1.7 for information on navigating MFD page groups). 2) Use the small FMS Knob to select GPS Status Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The GPS Status Page provides the following information: • Satellite constellation diagram Satellites currently in view are shown at their respective positions on a sky view diagram. The sky view is always in a north-up orientation, with the outer circle representing the horizon, the inner circle representing 45° above the horizon, and the center point showing the position directly overhead. Each satellite is represented by an oval containing the Pseudo-random noise (PRN) number (i.e.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Because of the tighter protection limit on approaches, there may be times when RAIM is not available. The G1000 automatically monitors RAIM and warns with an alert message when it is not available. If RAIM is not predicted to be available for the final approach course, the approach does not become active, as indicated by the messages “Approach is not active” and “RAIM not available from FAF to MAP”. If RAIM is not available when crossing the FAF, the missed approach procedure must be flown.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 6) Press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint entry. 7) Use the FMS Knob to enter an arrival time and press the ENT Key. 8) Use the FMS Knob to enter an arrival date and press the ENT Key. 9) With the cursor highlighting ‘COMPUTE RAIM?’, press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.7 ACCESSING G1000 FUNCTIONALITY MENUS The G1000 has a MENU Key that, when pressed, displays a context-sensitive list of options. This options list allows the user to access additional features or make settings changes which specifically relate to the currently displayed window/page. There is no all-encompassing menu. Some menus provide access to additional submenus that are used to view, edit, select, and review options.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The page group and active page title box are displayed in the upper right of the screen. Page Group Active Page Title Figure 1-25 Page Title Box In the bottom right corner of the screen, the current page group, number of pages available in the group, and placement of the current page within the group are indicated.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Waypoint Pages (WPT) Airport/Procedures/Weather Information Pages - Airport Information (INFO-1 Softkey) - Airport Directory Information (INFO-2 Softkey) - Departure Information (DP Softkey) - Arrival Information (STAR Softkey) - Approach Information (APR Softkey) - Weather Information (WX Softkey) Intersection Information NDB Information VOR Information Airport Information Pages User Waypoint Information Figure 1-28 Waypoint Pages Auxiliary Pages (AUX) Weight Planning Trip Planning
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Maintenance data is continuously recorded by the Central Maintenance Computer (CMC). At the discretion of the Aircraft Manufacturer, this data may be displayed on an OEM DIAGNOSTICS Page accessible from within the AUX Page Group.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The Procedure pages may be accessed at any time on the MFD by pressing the PROC Key. A menu is initialized, and when a departure, approach, or arrival is selected, the appropriate Procedure Loading Page is opened. Turning the FMS Knob does not scroll through the Procedure pages (note the single page icon in the lower right corner).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Restoring system setup defaults: 1) Select the AUX - System Setup Page. 2) Select the DFLTS Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Restore Defaults’, and press the ENT Key. Figure 1-33 System Setup Page 38 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Date/Time The G1000 obtains the current Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) date and time directly from the GPS satellite signals (shown on the AUX - GPS Status Page). System time (displayed in the lower right corner of the PFD) can be displayed in three formats: local 12-hr, local 24-hr, or UTC. Local time is set by adding/ subtracting an offset (hours:minutes) to/from UTC. Figure 1-34 System Time (Local 24-hr Format) Configuring the system time: 1) Select the AUX - System Setup Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Pilot Profiles System settings may be saved under a pilot profile. When the system is powered on, the last selected pilot profile is shown on the MFD Power-up Splash Screen (Figure 1-8). The G1000 can store up to 25 profiles; the currently active profile, the amount of memory used, and the amount of memory available are shown at the top of the System Setup Page in the box labeled ‘Pilot Profile’. From here, pilot profiles may be created, selected, renamed, or deleted.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Use the large FMS Knob to select ‘CREATE and ACTIVATE’ and press the ENT Key to activate the new profile. 9) To cancel the process, select ‘CANCEL’ with the large FMS Knob and press the ENT Key. Selecting an active profile: 1) Select the AUX - System Setup Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the active profile field in the Pilot Profile Box.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Importing a profile from an SD card: 1) Insert an SD card containing the pilot profile(s) into the top card slot on the MFD. 2) Turn the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page. 3) Select the IMPORT Softkey. Or: a) Press the MENU Key. b) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Import Pilot Profile’ and press the ENT Key. 4) The system displays the Pilot Profile Importing window with ‘IMPORT’ highlighted.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Exporting a profile to an SD card: 1) Insert the SD card for storing the Pilot Profile into the top card slot on the MFD. 2) Turn the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page. 3) If necessary, activate the desired pilot profile to export. Only the currently active Pilot Profile can be exported. 4) Select the EXPORT Softkey. The system displays the Pilot Profile Exporting window. Or: a) Press the MENU Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Display Units Units in which various quantities are displayed on the G1000 screens are listed on the System Setup Page. The Navigation Angle reference, the Temperature units, and the Position units can be set from here.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Arrival Alerts The Arrival Alert Box on the System Setup Page allows the Alerts Window arrival alerts to be turned ON/OFF, and the alert trigger distance (up to 99.9 units) set for alerts in the Alerts Window and the PFD Navigation Status Box. An arrival alert can be set to notify the pilot with a message upon reaching a user-specified distance from the final destination (the direct-to waypoint or the last waypoint in a flight plan).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM STATUS PAGE The System Status Page displays the status and software version numbers for all detected system LRUs. Pertinent information on all system databases is also displayed. Active LRUs are indicated by green check marks and failed LRUs are indicated by red “X”s. Failed LRUs should be noted and a service center or Garmin dealer informed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW UTILITY PAGE For flight planning purposes, timers, trip statistics, and a scheduler feature are provided on the AUX Utility Page. The timers available include a stopwatch-like generic timer, a total time in flight timer, and a record of the time of departure. Trip statistics—odometer, trip odometer, and average trip and maximum groundspeeds—are displayed from the time of the last reset. Refer to the Additional Features section for a dicussion on the Scheduler feature.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Setting the generic timer (PFD): 1) Press the TMR/REF Softkey. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the timer field (hh/mm/ss). 3) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired time and press the ENT Key. 4) With the UP/DN field highlighted, turn the small FMS Knob to select the timer counting direction (UP/DN) and press the ENT Key. 6) With ‘START?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to start the timer. The field changes to ‘STOP?’.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Figure 1-43 Timers (MFD AUX - Utility Page) The flight timer can be set to count up from zero starting at system power-up or from the time that the aircraft lifts off; the timer can also be reset to zero at any time. Setting the flight timer starting criterion 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the field next to the flight timer.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Trip Statistics The odometer and trip odometer record the total mileage traveled from the last reset; these odometers can be reset independently. Resetting the trip odometer also resets the average trip groundspeed. Maximum groundspeed for the period of time since the last reset is also displayed. Resetting trip statistics readouts 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page. 2) Press the MENU Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 4) Use the FMS Knob to enter the message text to be displayed in the Alerts Window and press the ENT Key. 5) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the field next to ‘Type’.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.8 DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING The PFD and MFD display backlighting, the PFD and MFD bezel, and the Audio Panel keys can be adjusted manually in one of two ways: • Using the individual dimmer bus control for the desired display, or • Using the PFD Setup Menu and the following procedures. In normal operating mode, backlighting can only be adjusted from the PFDs. In reversionary mode, adjustments can be made from any remaining displays.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SECTION 2 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WARNING: In the event that the airspeed, attitude, altitude, or heading indications become unusable, refer to the backup instruments. NOTE: The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) provides additional readouts and bugs on selected flight instruments. Refer to the AFCS Section for details on these bugs and readouts, as they appear on the display during certain AFCS modes.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 23 22 21 20 19 1 18 17 2 16 15 3 14 4 13 5 6 12 7 11 8 10 9 1 NAV Frequency Box 12 Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) 2 Airspeed Indicator 13 Turn Rate Indicator 3 Ground Speed 14 Altimeter Barometric Setting 4 True Airspeed 15 Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) 5 Current Heading 16 Selected Altitude Bug 6 Selected Heading Bug 17 Altimeter 7 International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) Temperature Deviation 18 Selected Altitude 8 Outside Air Temperatur
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 16 14 15 13 1 12 11 10 2 3 9 8 4 6 5 7 1 Traffic Annunciation 10 Vertical Speed Required 2 Selected Heading 11 Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) 3 Wind Data 12 Reversionary Sensor Window 4 Inset Map 13 Comparator Window 5 DME Information Window (optional) 14 Current VNV Target Altitude 6 Bearing Information Windows 15 Terrain Annunciation 7 16 AFCS Status Annunciation 8 Minimum Descent Altitude/ Decision Height Flight Plan Window 9 Selected Cours
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.1 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AIRSPEED INDICATOR NOTE: Refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for speed criteria and Vspeed values. The Airspeed Indicator displays airspeed on a rolling number gauge using a moving tape. The true airspeed (TAS) is displayed in knots below the Airspeed Indicator. When displayed, the Mach number appears in place of the TAS. The ground speed is displayed to the left of the TAS.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Landing Takeoff Vspeed values can be changed and their bugs turned enabled/disabled on the Timer/References Window. When active (on), the Vspeeds are displayed at their respective locations to the right of the airspeed scale. When the system power is cycled, the system restores the default Vspeed values, and disables the display of Vspeed bugs. Default values for VR and V50 are zero until changed by the pilot.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Figure 2-6 Takeoff and Landing Vspeeds (Timer/References Window) Vspeed bugs can be enabled/disabled and their values restored all at once or by category (takeoff and landing). Modifying Vspeeds (on, off, restore defaults): 1) Select the TMR/REF Softkey. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired selection. 4) Press the ENT Key. 5) To remove the window, press the CLR Key or select the TMR/REF Softkey.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ATTITUDE INDICATOR Attitude information is displayed over a virtual blue sky and brown ground with a white horizon line. The Attitude Indicator displays the pitch, roll, and slip/skid information. 9 8 1 7 2 6 3 4 5 1 Roll Pointer 2 Roll Scale 3 Horizon Line 4 Aircraft Symbol 5 Land Representation 6 Pitch Scale 7 Slip/Skid Indicator 8 Sky Representation 9 Roll Scale Zero Figure 2-8 Attitude Indicator The horizon line is part of the pitch scale.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The yellow symbolic aircraft on the Attitude Indicator changes appearance based on selection of AFCS flight director Command Bar format (see the AFCS Section for details). Both PFDs show the same Command Bar format and Aircraft Symbol. The Command Bar format (single-cue or cross-pointer) may be selected from the AUX - System Setup Page Figure 2-10. Changing Command Bar and Symbolic Aircraft format: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page on the MFD.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ALTIMETER The Altimeter displays 600 feet of barometric altitude values at a time on a moving tape rolling number gauge. Numeric labels and major tick marks are shown at intervals of 100 feet. Minor tick marks are at intervals of 20 feet. The indicated altitude is displayed inside the black pointer. The Selected Altitude is displayed above the Altimeter in the box indicated by a selection bug symbol. A bug corresponding to this altitude is shown on the tape.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Displaying altitude in meters: 1) Press the PFD Softkey to display the second-level softkeys. 2) Press the ALT UNIT Softkey. 3) Press the METERS Softkey to turn on metric altitude readouts. 4) Press the BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys. The barometric pressure setting is displayed below the Altimeter in inches of mercury (in Hg) or hectopascals (hPa). Adjusting the altimeter barometric setting creates discontinuities in VNV vertical deviation, moving the descent path.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If the barometric altimeter settings differ between PFDs, the readouts become yellow. The system provides a barometric settings synchronization feature on the AUX - System Setup Page. If synchronization is enabled (BARO SYNC turned on), the settings remain synchronized until the setting is turned off. Enabling/disabling synchronization of the altimeter barometric pressure setting: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page on the MFD.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS VERTICAL DEVIATION The Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI; Figure 2-14) uses a magenta chevron to indicate the baro-VNV vertical deviation when Vertical Navigation (VNV) is being used; the VDI appears in conjunction with the “TOD within 1 minute” alert. Full-scale deflection (two dots) is 1000 feet. The VDI is removed from the display if vertical deviation becomes invalid. See the Flight Management and AFCS sections for details on VNV features, and refer to Section 2.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS VNV Target Altitude Marker Beacon Annunciation Vertical Speed Indicator Vertical Deviation Indicator Vertical Glideslope Speed Indicator Pointer Required Vertical Speed Figure 2-14 Vertical Speed and Deviation Indicator (VSI and VDI) Figure 2-15 Glideslope Indicator Excessive Deviation Indicator Glipepath Indicator Glipepath Indicator Figure 2-16 Glidepath Indicator Figure 2-17 Glidepath Indicator HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR (HSI) The Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) dis
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Changing the HSI display format: 1) Press the PFD Softkey. 2) Press the HSI FRMT Softkey. 3) Press the 360 HSI or ARC HSI Softkey. The 360˚ HSI contains a Course Deviation Indicator (CDI), with a Course Pointer, To/From Indicator, and a sliding deviation bar and scale. The course pointer is a single line arrow (GPS, VOR1, and LOC1) or a double line arrow (VOR2 and LOC2) which points in the direction of the set course.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Arc HSI is a 140˚ expanded section of the compass rose. The Arc HSI contains a Course Pointer, To/From Indicator, a sliding deviation indicator (the To/From and deviation indicators are combined), and a deviation scale. Upon station passage, the To/From Indicator flips and points to the tail of the aircraft, just like a conventional To/From flag.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Navigation angles (track, heading, course, bearing) are corrected to the computed magnetic variation (‘Mag Var’) or referenced to true north (denoted ‘T’), set on the AUX - System Setup Page. When an approach referenced to true north has been loaded into the flight plan, the system generates a message to change the navigation angle setting to ‘True’ at the appropriate time.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS TURN RATE INDICATOR The Turn Rate Indicator is located directly above the rotating compass card. Tick marks to the left and right of the lubber line denote half-standard and standard turn rates. A magenta Turn Rate Trend Vector shows the current turn rate. The end of the trend vector gives the heading predicted in six seconds, based on the present turn rate.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When a bearing pointer is displayed, its associated information window is also displayed.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS COURSE DEVIATION INDICATOR (CDI) NOTE: If a heading change of greater than 105˚ with respect to the course is made, the CDI on the Arc HSI switches to the opposite side of the deviation scale and displays reverse sensing. The Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) moves left or right from the course pointer along a lateral deviation scale to display aircraft position relative to the course. If the course deviation data is not valid, the CDI is not displayed.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Changing navigation sources: 1) Select the CDI Softkey to change from GPS to VOR1 or LOC1. This places the cyan tuning box over the NAV1 standby frequency in the upper left corner of the PFD. 2) Select the CDI Softkey again to change from VOR1 or LOC1 to VOR2 or LOC2. This places the cyan tuning box over the NAV2 standby frequency. 3) Select the CDI Softkey a third time to return to GPS.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Figure 2-28 System Setup Page, CDI Synchronization The system automatically switches from GPS to LOC navigation source and changes the CDI scaling accordingly when all of the following occur: • A localizer or ILS approach has been loaded into the active flight plan • The final approach fix (FAF) is the active l, the FAF is less than 15 nm away, and the aircraft is moving toward the FAF • A valid localizer frequency has been tuned • The GPS CDI deviation is less than 1.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Fix Prior to the FAF Glideslope Intercept Point Figure 2-29 ILS Approach with Glideslope Intercept Point at Fix Prior to the FAF GPS CDI SCALING When GPS is the selected navigation source, the flight plan legs are sequenced automatically and annunciations appear on the HSI for the flight phase. Flight phase annunciations are normally shown in magenta, but when cautionary conditions exist the color changes to yellow.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Figure 2-30 System Setup Page, GPS CDI Settings Departure Terminal Enroute (Oceanic if >200 nm from nearest airport) Refer to accompanying approach CDI scaling figures Terminal Approach 0.3 nm 1.0 nm 1.0 nm 2.0 nm 1.0 nm 0.3 nm CDI Full-scale Deflection When set to ‘Auto’ (default), the GPS CDI scale automatically adjusts to the desired limits based upon the current phase of flight (Figure 2-31, 2-32, 2-33, Table 2-2).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS - When navigating with an active departure procedure, the flight phase and CDI scale does not change until the aircraft arrives at the last departure waypoint (if more than 30 nm from the departure airport) or the leg after the last departure waypoint has been activated or a direct-to waypoint is activated.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flight Phase Departure Terminal Enroute Oceanic Annunciation DPRT TERM ENR OCN Approach (Non-precision) LNAV Approach (Non-precision with Vertical Guidance) Approach (LNAV/VNAV) Approach (LPV) Approach (LP) Missed Approach Automatic CDI Full-scale Deflection 0.3 nm 1.0 nm 2.0 nm 2.0 nm 1.0 nm decreasing to 350 feet depending on variables (see Figure 2-32) LNAV + V L/VNAV LPV 1.0 nm decreasing to a specified course width, then 0.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Enabling/disabling OBS Mode while navigating a GPS flight plan: 1) Select the OBS Softkey to select OBS Mode. 2) Turn the CRS Knob to select the desired course to/from the waypoint. Press the CRS Knob to synchronize the Selected Course with the bearing to the next waypoint. 3) Select the OBS Softkey again to return to automatic waypoint sequencing. As the aircraft crosses the missed approach point (MAP), automatic approach waypoint sequencing is suspended.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.2 SUPPLEMENTAL FLIGHT DATA NOTE: Selecting the DFLTS Softkey (a second-level PFD softkey) turns off metric Altimeter display, the Inset Map, and wind data display. In addition to the flight instruments, the PFD also displays various supplemental information, including temperatures, wind data, and Vertical Navigation (VNV) indications.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WIND DATA Wind direction and speed in knots can be displayed in a window to the upper left of the HSI. When the window is selected for display, but wind information is invalid or unavailable, the window shows “NO WIND DATA”. Wind data can be displayed in three different ways: Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 No Data Figure 2-37 Wind Data Displaying wind data: 1) Press the PFD Softkey. 2) Press the WIND Softkey to display wind data below the Selected Heading.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS VERTICAL NAVIGATION (VNV) INDICATIONS When a VNV flight plan has been activated, VNV indications (VNV Target Altitude, RVSI, VDI) appear on the PFD in conjunction with the “TOD within 1 minute” message and “Vertical track” voice alert. See the Flight Management and AFCS sections for details on VNV features. VNV indications are removed from the PFD according to the criteria listed in Table 2-3.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.3 PFD ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTING FUNCTIONS The following annunciations and alerting functions are displayed on the PFD. Refer to Appendix A for more information on alerts and annunciations. G1000 ALERTING SYSTEM Messages appear in the Alerts Window (in the lower right corner of the PFD; Figure 2-39) when a warning, caution, advisory alert, or G1000 message advisory occurs.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS discrepancy is annunciated in the Comparator Window as a ‘MISCOMP’ (miscompare). If one or both of the sensed values are unavailable, it is annunciated as a ‘NO COMP’ (no compare). Figure 2-41 Comparator Window Reversionary sensor selection is annunciated in a window on the right side of the PFD. These annunciations reflect reversionary sensors selected on one or both PFDs. Pressing the SENSOR Softkey accesses the ADC1, ADC2, AHRS1, and AHRS2 softkeys.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS TRAFFIC ANNUNCIATION The System displays traffic symbolically on the Inset Map (PFD), the Navigation Map Page (MFD), and various other MFD page maps. Refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section for more details about the Traffic Information Service (TIS) and optional Traffic Advisory Systems (TAS).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ALTITUDE ALERTING The Altitude Alerting function provides the pilot with visual and audio alerts when approaching the Selected Altitude. Whenever the Selected Altitude is changed, the Altitude Alerter is reset. The Altitude Alerter is independent of the Garmin AFCS, but alerting tones are generated only when the Garmin AFCS is installed.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE/DECISION HEIGHT ALERTING For altitude awareness, a barometric or temperature compensated barometric Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) or Decision Height (DH) can be set in the Timer/References Window and is reset when the power is cycled. When active, the altitude setting is displayed to the bottom left of the Altimeter. Once the altitude is within the range of the tape, a bug appears at the reference altitude on the Altimeter.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Setting the barometric Minimum Descent Altitude/Decision Height and bug: 1) Press the TMR/REF Softkey. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Minimums field. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select BARO or TEMP COMP. OFF is selected by default. Press the ENT Key or turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the next field. 4) Use the small FMS Knob to enter the desired altitude (from zero to 16,000 feet).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.4 ABNORMAL OPERATIONS ABNORMAL GPS CONDITIONS The annunciations listed in Table 2-4 can appear on the HSI when abnormal GPS conditions occur; see Figure 2-51 for examples. Refer to the Flight Management Section for more information on Dead Reckoning Mode.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS GRS 7800 DIRECTIONAL GYRO (DG) MODES In normal operations, the system operates in DG Slave Mode. In this mode, the displayed heading is slaved to the heading data provided by the magnetometers, and the heading readout appears in white digits. If the magnetometer data becomes unreliable or unavailable, such as during operations at extreme latitudes or poles, the heading readout appears in yellow digits while operating in DG Slave Mode.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selecting DG Free Mode: 1) Press the PFD Softkey. 2) Press the HDG MODE Softkey. 3) Press the DG FREE Softkey to enable DG Free Mode. ‘FREE’ appears next to the heading readout. Additional softkeys become available: • Press and hold the HDG - or HDG + Softkey to slew the current heading down or up until the desired value is reached. • Press the HDG SYNC Softkey to synchronize the current heading to the Selected Heading bug position.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If pitch exceeds +30˚/-20˚ or bank exceeds 65˚, some information displayed on the PFD is removed. The Altimeter and Airspeed, Attitude, Vertical Speed, and Horizontal Situation indicators remain on the display and the Bearing Information, Alerts, and Annunciation windows can be displayed during such situations.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Blank Page 92 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM SECTION 3 ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM NOTE: The gauges displayed and the values shown in this section are taken from the Hawker Beechcraft C90A baseline configuration. Refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for specific values and operating limitations.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM 3.1 EIS DISPLAY 1 94 Displays Interstage Turbine Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) 2 Interstage Turbine Temperature (ITT) Torque (FT-LB) 3 Tachometer (Prop RPM) 4 Propeller Sync 5 Turbine Speed (% RPM) 6 7 Fuel Flow (FFLOW PPH) Oil Pressure (OIL PSI) Displays propeller speed in revolutions per minute (rpm); the red band indicates propeller overspeed Displays a diamond when propellers are in sync.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM C90A Baseline Configuration 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8 Figure 3-2 EIS Display 190-00663-03 Rev A Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 95
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM INTERSTAGE TURBINE TEMPERATURE The Interstage Turbine Temperature (ITT) Gauge is displayed at the top of the EIS. This gauge differs for engine start and running conditions. Values between 200 and 1200 degrees Celsius (°C) are shown at engine start; values change to 200 to 800° C once the engine has stabilized. A red triangle is displayed during engine start as an aide to not exceed maximum starting temperatures. This is available in both normal and reversionary modes.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM TACHOMETER (RPM) The Tachometer is located beneath the Torque gauge and displays the propeller speed in revolutions per minute (RPM) from 0 to 2500. A propeller overspeed is indicated if the propeller speed exceeds the maximum safe operating speed (red tick mark). The Tachometer is equipped with a propeller sync indicator, which points towards the higher-speed propeller. The indicator changes linearly with RPM difference between the left and right propellers.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM TURBINE SPEED The Turbine Speed Gauge is located beneath the Tachometer. Turbine speed is indicated as a percentage of the maximum operating speed (rpm) from 0 to 110%. Figure 3-8 Turbine Speed Gauge FUEL FLOW The Fuel Flow Gauge is displayed beneath the Turbine Speed gauge. Fuel Flow is displayed in pounds per hour (pph) from 0 to 600 pph.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM OIL PRESSURE The Oil Pressure Gauge is located beneath the Fuel Flow gauge. Oil pressure is displayed in pounds per square inch (psi) from 0 to 200 psi. Safe operating pressure is more than 80 psi and less than 100 psi. A red triangle represents the maximum transient oil pressure. Figure 3-10 Oil Pressure Gauge OIL TEMPERATURE The Oil Temperature Gauge is located beneath the Oil Pressure gauge. Oil temperature is displayed in degrees Celsius (°C).
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM 3.2 EIS DISPLAY IN REVERSIONARY MODE In the event of PFD1, PFD2 or MFD failure, the Display Backup button must be pressed to enter reversionary (or backup) mode. Reversionary mode is a mode of operation in which all important flight information is presented identically on at least one of the remaining displays (see Figure 3-12).
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM REVERSIONARY DISPLAY The EIS Reversionary Mode Display gauges are the same as normal mode, except they have a different shape and share one title (i.e. ITT, FUEL FLOW) for each pair of gauges.
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AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SECTION 4 AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.1 OVERVIEW The Communication/Navigation/Surveillance (CNS) system includes the audio panels, communication radios, navigation radios, and Mode S transponders. The System Overview Section provides a block diagram description of the Audio Panels and CNS system interconnection.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS PFD CONTROLS AND FREQUENCY DISPLAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figure 4-1 PFD Controls, NAV/COM Frequency Tuning Boxes, and DME Tuning Window 104 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 1 NAV VOL/ID Knob – Controls NAV audio volume level. Press to turn the Morse code identifier audio on and off. Volume level is shown in the NAV frequency field as a percentage. 2 NAV Frequency Transfer Key – Transfers the standby and active NAV frequencies. 3 NAV Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the NAV receiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for kHz).
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 9 10 11 12 11 12 13 14 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 17 18 19 21 19 20 21 20 25 22 23 22 23 24 GMA 1347D 24 GMA 1347D-20 Figure 1-5 Audio Panel Controls NOTE: When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated. 106 1 COM1 MIC – Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 5 COM3 MIC – Selects an optional transmitter for transmitting (if installed). COM3 is simultaneously selected when this key is pressed allowing received audio from the optional receiver to be heard. COM3 can be deselected by pressing the COM3 Key, or either COM1 or COM2 can be added by pressing the COM1 or COM2 Key. 6 COM3 – When selected, audio from an optional COM can be heard. 7 PA – Selects the passenger address system.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.2 COM OPERATION COM TRANSCEIVER SELECTION AND ACTIVATION NOTE: During PA Mode, the COM MIC Annunciator is extinguished and the COM active frequency color changes to white, indicating that neither COM transmitter is active. NOTE: When turning on the G1000 for use, the system remembers the last frequencies used and the active COM transceiver state prior to shutdown.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS TRANSMIT/RECEIVE INDICATIONS During COM transmission, a white TX appears by the active COM frequency. On the Audio Panel, when the active COM is transmitting, the active transceiver COM MIC Key Annunciator flashes approximately once per second. During COM signal reception, a white RX appears by the active COM frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SELECTING THE RADIO TO BE TUNED Press the small COM Knob to transfer the frequency selected for tuning and the Frequency Transfer Arrow between the upper and lower radio frequency fields. Press the COM Knob to Switch the Tuning Selection From One COM Radio to the Other Figure 4-6 Switching COM Tuning Boxes QUICK-TUNING AND ACTIVATING 121.500 MHZ Pressing and holding the COM Frequency Transfer Key for two seconds automatically loads the emergency COM frequency (121.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING THE COM FREQUENCY Tune COM frequencies from the following: • Nearest Airports Window (PFD) • NRST – Nearest Frequencies Page (ARTCC, FSS, WX) • WPT – Airport Information Page • NRST – Nearest Airspaces Page • NRST – Nearest Airports Page AUTO-TUNING FROM THE PFD Tune COM frequencies for the nearest airports from the Nearest Airports Window on the PFD. When the desired frequency is entered, it becomes a standby frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING FROM THE MFD Load frequencies into the COM Frequency Box from pages in the NRST or WPT page group by highlighting the frequency and pressing the ENT Key (Figures 4-9, 4-10, and 4-11). Auto-tuning a COM frequency from the WPT and NRST Pages: 1) From any page that the COM frequency can be auto-tuned, activate the cursor by pressing the FMS Knob or selecting the appropriate softkey. 2) Turn the FMS Knob to place the cursor on the desired COM frequency (Figure 4-11).
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Nearest Airports Menu Nearest Frequencies Menu Nearest Airspaces Menu Figure 4-10 Nearest Pages Menus On the WPT - Airport Information Page, place the cursor on the frequency field by pressing the FMS Knob and scrolling through the list. Transfer the frequency to the COM Standby Field with the ENT Key. Selected Airport Identifier and Information Runway Information Press ENT Key to load frequency into PFD1 COM Standby Field. Cursor then advances to the next frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Tune COM frequencies from the NRST – Nearest Airspaces, NRST – Nearest Frequencies, and NRST – Nearest Airports Pages on the MFD in a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key. Figure 4-12 NRST – Nearest Airspaces, NRST – Nearest Airports, and NRST – Nearest Frequencies Pages 114 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS FREQUENCY SPACING The G1000 COM radios can tune either 25-kHz spacing (118.000 to 136.975 MHz) or 8.33-kHz spacing (118.000 to 136.990 MHz) for 760-channel or 3040-channel configuration. When 8.33-kHz channel spacing is selected, all of the 25-kHz channel spacing frequencies are also available in the complete 3040-channel list. COM channel spacing is set on the System Setup 1 Page of the AUX Page Group. 8.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTOMATIC SQUELCH Automatic Squelch quiets unwanted static noise when no audio signal is received, while still providing good sensitivity to weak COM signals. To disable Automatic Squelch, press the VOL/SQ Knob. While Automatic Squelch is disabled, COM audio reception is continuous (static noise is heard over the headsets and speaker). Pressing the VOL/SQ Knob again enables Automatic Squelch. When Automatic Squelch is disabled, a white RX appears next to the COM frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.3 NAV OPERATION NAV RADIO SELECTION AND ACTIVATION The NAV Frequency Box is composed of four fields; two standby fields and two active fields. The active frequencies are on the right side and the standby frequencies are on the left. Press the CDI Softkey on the PFD to select a NAV radio for navigation. The active NAV frequency selected for navigation is displayed in green. Selecting the CDI Softkey once selects NAV1 as the navigation radio.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Select NAV radios for listening by pressing the corresponding keys on the Audio Panel. Pressing the NAV1, NAV2, ADF, or DME Key selects and deselects the navigation radio source. Selected audio can be heard over the headset and the speakers (if selected). All radios can be selected individually or simultaneously. Figure 4-18 Selecting a NAV Radio Receiver NAV RECEIVER MANUAL TUNING The NAV frequency controls and frequency boxes are on the left side of the PFDs.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SELECTING THE RADIO TO BE TUNED Press the small NAV Knob to transfer the frequency tuning selection and the Frequency Transfer Arrow between the upper and lower radio frequency fields. Press the NAV Knob to Switch the tuning selection from one NAV Radio to the other Figure 4-20 Switching NAV Tuning Boxes VOR/LOC ID When the Morse code Identifier audio is on for a NAV radio, a white ID appears to the left of the active NAV frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING A NAV FREQUENCY FROM THE MFD Select and load NAV frequencies from the following MFD pages: • WPT – Airport Information • NRST – Nearest VOR • WPT – VOR Information • NRST – Nearest Frequencies (FSS, WX) • NRST – Nearest Airports • NRST – Nearest Airspaces The MFD provides auto-tuning of NAV frequencies from waypoint and nearest pages. During enroute navigation, the NAV frequency is entered automatically into the NAV standby frequency field.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Or: 1) When on the NRST pages, press the MENU Key on the MFD control unit to display the page menu. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the menu options. 3) Press the ENT Key to place the cursor in the desired window. 4) Scroll through the frequency selections with the FMS Knob or the ENT Key. 5) Press the ENT Key to load the NAV frequency into the standby field of the selected NAV radio.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS In the example shown, the VOR list is selected with the VOR Softkey or from the page menu. Use the FMS Knob or ENT Key to scroll through the list. Place the cursor on the frequency with the FREQ Softkey and load it into the NAV Tuning Box with the ENT Key. Press the ENT Key to Load the Frequency into the NAV Standby Field.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS While enroute, tune NAV frequencies from the NRST – Nearest Airports, WPT – Airport Information, WPT – VOR Information, and NRST – Nearest Frequencies Pages on the MFD in a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key. Figure 4-26 NRST – Nearest Frequencies, WPT – VOR Information, WPT – Airport Information, and NRST – Nearest Airports Pages 190-009663-03 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING NAV FREQUENCIES ON APPROACH ACTIVATION NOTE: The primary NAV frequency is auto-tuned upon loading a VOR or ILS/Localizer approach. NOTE: When an ILS/LOC approach has been activated in GPS Mode, the system switches to NAV Mode as the final approach course is intercepted (within 15 nm of the FAF). See the Flight Management Section for details. NAV frequencies are automatically loaded into the NAV Frequency field on approach activation, on both PFD1 and PFD2.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS MARKER BEACON RECEIVER NOTE: The marker beacon indicators operate independently of marker beacon audio and cannot be disabled. The marker beacon receiver is used as part of an ILS. The marker beacon receiver is always on and detects any marker beacon signals within the reception range of the aircraft. The receiver detects the three marker tones – outer, middle, and inner – and provides the marker beacon annunciations located to the left of the Altimeter on the PFD.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS DME TUNING NOTE: When turning on the G1000 for use, the system remembers the last frequency used for DME tuning and the NAV1, NAV2, or HOLD state prior to shutdown. The G1000 System tunes the optional DME transceiver. Tune the UHF DME frequency by pairing with a VHF NAV frequency. DME frequency pairing is automatic and only the VHF NAV frequency is shown. The DME Tuning Window is located to the right of the HSI in the lower right corner of the PFD.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.4 GTX 33 MODE S TRANSPONDERS The GTX 33 Mode S Transponders provide Mode A, Mode C, and Mode S interrogation and reply capabilities.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS XPDR IDENT CODE IDENT (Optional) XPDR1 XPDR2 STBY ON ALT GND VFR ADS-B TX BACK ALERTS Selecting the BACK Softkey returns to the top-level softkeys. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IDENT BKSP BACK ALERTS Selecting the BACK Softkey returns to the mode selection softkeys. Figure 4-30 Transponder Softkeys (PFD) Selecting and activating Transponder 1 or Transponder 2: 1) Select the XPDR Softkey to display the Transponder Mode Selection Softkeys.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS GROUND MODE Ground Mode is normally selected automatically when the aircraft is on the ground. The transponder powers up in the last mode it was in when shut down. Ground Mode can be overridden by selecting any one of the Mode Selection Softkeys. A green GND indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the Transponder Data Box.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS ALTITUDE MODE (AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL) Altitude Mode is automatically selected when the aircraft becomes airborne. Altitude Mode may also be selected manually by pressing the ALT Softkey. Altitude Mode generates Mode A, Mode C, and Mode S replies as well as transmissions of acquisition and extended squitters including ADS-B out (if equipped).
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Entering a transponder code with the PFD FMS Knob: 1) Select the XPDR and the CODE Softkeys as in the previous procedure to enable code entry. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the first two code digits. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next code field. 4) Enter the last two code digits with the small FMS Knob. 5) Press the ENT Key to complete code digit entry.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS IDENT FUNCTION NOTE: In Standby Mode, the IDENT Softkey is inoperative. Press the IDENT Softkey to send a distinct identity indication to Air Traffic Control (ATC). The indication distinguishes the identing transponder from all the others on the air traffic controller’s screen. The IDENT Softkey appears on all levels of transponder softkeys.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.5 ADDITIONAL AUDIO PANEL FUNCTIONS POWER-UP The Audio Panels perform a self-test during power-up. During the self-test all Audio Panel annunciator lights illuminate for approximately two seconds. Once the self-test is completed, most of the settings are restored to those in use before the unit was last turned off. The exceptions are the speaker and intercom, which are always selected during power up. MONO/STEREO HEADSETS Stereo headsets are recommended for use in this aircraft.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS INTERCOM Press the INTR COM Key on either Audio Panel to select and deselect the intercom on both Audio Panels. The annunciator is lit when the intercom is active. The intercom connects the pilot and copilot together. Either the pilot or copilot may select or deselect the intercom. The CABIN Key initiates two way communication between the pilot or copilot and the passengers in the cabin. The annunciator is lit when the cabin intercom is active on either Audio Panel.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS PASSENGER ADDRESS (PA) SYSTEM Press the PA Key to deliver messages to the passengers. The message is heard by the other pilot on the headset only if the INTR COM Key is enabled. PA messages are one way from the flight deck to the passengers. A Push-to-talk (PTT) must be pressed to deliver PA announcements to the passengers over their headphones.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS CLEARANCE RECORDER AND PLAYER NOTE: Pressing the Play Key on the pilot’s Audio Panel plays recorded audio to the Pilot. Pressing the Play Key on the Copilot’s Audio Panel plays recorded audio to the Copilot. The Audio Panel contains a digital clearance recorder that continually records up to 2.5 minutes of the selected COM radio signal. Recorded COM audio is stored in separate memory blocks. Once 2.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.6 AUDIO PANELS PREFLIGHT PROCEDURE NOTE: If the flight crew is using headsets that have a high/low switch or volume control knob, verify that the switch is in the high position and the volume control on the headsets are at max volume setting. On single‑pilot flights, verify that all other headsets are not connected to avoid excess noise in the audio system. NOTE: When the MAN SQ Key is pressed, the flight crew is now able to set the ICS squelch manually.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Setting the Audio Panels during preflight: 1) Verify that the INTR COM Key is selected. 2) Verify that the MAN SQ Annunciator is extinguished. 3) Turn the MSTR Knob (Master Volume Control) on both Audio Panels clockwise two full turns. This sets the headset audio level to max volume (least amount of attenuation). 4) Adjust radio volume levels (COM, NAV, etc.) to a suitable level. 5) Adjust the ICS volume Knob on each Audio Panel to the desired intercom level.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.7 ABNORMAL OPERATION Abnormal operation of the G1000 includes equipment failures of the G1000 components and failure of associated equipment, including switches and external devices. STUCK MICROPHONE If the push-to-talk (PTT) Key becomes stuck, the COM transmitter stops transmitting after 35 seconds of continuous operation. An alert appears on the PFD to advise the crew of a stuck microphone.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS PFD FAILURE, DUAL SYSTEM If PFD1 fails, COM1 and NAV1 display a red X on both remaining displays. NAV1 is unavailable. COM1 automatically tunes 121.500 MHz, but the frequency is not shown. The COM1 emergency frequency is available to both the copilot and pilot. Emergency Channel Loaded Automatically Figure 4-49 Frequency Section of PFD2 Display after PFD1 Failure If PFD2 fails, COM2 and NAV2 display a red X on the remaining PFD display. NAV2 is unavailable. COM2 tunes 121.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUDIO PANEL FAIL-SAFE OPERATION If there is a failure of both Audio Panels, a fail-safe circuit connects the pilot’s headset and microphone directly to the COM1 transceiver and the copilot’s headset directly to the COM2 transceiver. Audio is not available on the speakers. If there is a failure of one Audio Panel, the remaining one does not have access to the others side’s COM and NAV.
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FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SECTION 5 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.1 INTRODUCTION The G1000 is an integrated flight, engine, communication, navigation and surveillance system. This section of the Pilot’s Guide explains flight management using the G1000. The most prominent part of the G1000 are the three full color displays: two Primary Flight Displays (PFD) and a Multi Function Display (MFD). The information to successfully navigate the aircraft using the GPS sensors is displayed on the PFD and the MFD.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Navigation Status Box Navigation Mode Inset Map Location of: - Direct To Window - Flight Plan Window - Procedures Window - Nearest Airports Window Figure 5-1 GPS Navigation Information on the PFD Navigation Status Box Map Orientation Navigation Page Title Navigation Map - Aviation Data - Geographic Data - Topographic Data - Hazard Data Flight Plan Leg Aircraft Icon at Present Position Active Flight Plan Leg Map Range Figure 5-2 GPS Navigation Information on the MFD Navigation Pag
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT • Active flight plan leg (e.g., ‘D-> KICT’ or ‘KIXD -> KCOS’) or flight plan annunciations (e.g., ‘Turn right to 021˚ in 8 seconds’) • Distance (DIS) and Bearing (BRG) to the next waypoint or flight plan annunciations (e.g.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.2 USING MAP DISPLAYS Map displays are used extensively in the G1000 to provide situational awareness in flight. Most G1000 maps can display the following information: • Airports, NAVAIDs, airspaces, airways, land data (highways, cities, lakes, rivers, borders, etc.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT NOTE: When panning or reviewing active flight plan legs in a non-North Up orientation, the map does not show the map orientation nor the wind direction and speed. NOTE: Map orientation can only be changed on the Navigation Map Page. Any other displays that show navigation data reflect the orientation selected for the Navigation Map Page. Changing the Navigation Map orientation: 1) With the Navigation Map Page displayed, press the MENU Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MAP RANGE There are 28 different map ranges available, from 500 feet to 2000 nm. The current range is indicated in the lower right corner of the map and represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map. When the map range is decreased to a point that exceeds the capability of the G1000 to accurately represent the map, a magnifying glass icon is shown to the left of the map range.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT • The ‘time out’ time (configurable on the Map Setup Page for the Map Group) determines how long auto zoom is overridden by a manual adjustment of the range knob. At the expiration of this time, the auto zoom range is restored. Setting the ‘time out’ value to zero causes the manual override to never time out. • When the maximum ‘look forward’ time is set to zero, the upper limit becomes the maximum range available (2000 nm).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MAP PANNING Map panning allows the pilot to: • View parts of the map outside the displayed range without adjusting the map range • Highlight and select locations on the map • Review information for a selected airport, NAVAID or user waypoint • Designate locations for use in flight planning • View airspace and airway information When the panning function is selected by pressing the Joystick, the Map Pointer flashes on the map display.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT When the Map Pointer is placed on an object, the name of the object is highlighted (even if the name was not originally displayed on the map). When any map feature or object is selected on the map display, pertinent information is displayed. Information about Point of Interest Map Pointer on POI Figure 5-9 Navigation Map - Map Pointer on Point of Interest 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT When the Map Pointer crosses an airspace boundary, the boundary is highlighted and airspace information is shown at the top of the display. The information includes the name and class of airspace, the ceiling in feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL), and the floor in feet MSL. Information about Airspace Map Pointer on Airspace Figure 5-10 Navigation Map - Map Pointer on Airspace Panning the map: 1) Press the Joystick to display the Map Pointer.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Reviewing information for an airport, NAVAID, or user waypoint: 1) Place the Map Pointer on a waypoint. 2) Press the ENT Key to display the Waypoint Information Page for the selected waypoint. 3) Select the GO BACK Softkey, the CLR Key, or the ENT Key to exit the Waypoint Information Page and return to the Navigation Map showing the selected waypoint. NAVAID Information GO BACK Softkey Figure 5-11 Navigation Map - Information Window - NAVAID 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Viewing airspace information for a special-use or controlled airspace: 1) Place the Map Pointer on an open area within the boundaries of an airspace. 2) Press the ENT Key to display an options menu. 3) ‘Review Airspaces?’ should already be highlighted, if not select it. Press the ENT Key to display the Airspace Information Page for the selected airspace. 4) Press the CLR or ENT Key to exit the Airspace Information Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MEASURING BEARING AND DISTANCE Distance and bearing from the aircraft’s present position to any point on the viewable navigation map may be calculated using the ‘Measure Bearing and Distance’ selection from Navigation Map page menu. The bearing and distance tool displays a dashed Measurement Line and a Measure Pointer to aid in graphically identifying points with which to measure.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT TOPOGRAPHY All navigation maps can display various shades of topography colors representing land elevation, similar to aviation sectional charts. Topographic data can be displayed or removed as described in the following procedures. Topographic data can also be displayed on the selectable profile map at the bottom of the navigation map (the profile map is not available if TAWS-A is configured).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT TOPO DATA On/Off TOPO DATA Range Figure 5-15 Navigation Map Setup Menu - TOPO DATA Setup The topographic data range is the maximum map range on which topographic data is displayed. NOTE: Since the PFD Inset Map is much smaller than the MFD navigation maps, items are removed on the PFD Inset Map two range levels smaller than the range selected in the Map Setup pages (e.g.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Maximum Displayed Elevation Minimum Displayed Elevation Aircraft Altitude (MSL) Range of Displayed Elevations Ground Elevation at Map Pointer Location (only visible when Map Pointer is displayed) Figure 5-16 Navigation Map - TOPO SCALE Displaying/removing the topographic scale (TOPO SCALE): 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option. 2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MAP SYMBOLS This section discusses the types of land and aviation symbols that can be displayed. Each listed type of symbol can be turned on or off, and the maximum range to display each symbol can be set. The decluttering of the symbols from the map using the DCLTR Softkey is also discussed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AVIATION SYMBOLS The following items are configured on the aviation menu: Aviation Symbols (Text label size can be None, Small, Medium (Med), or Large (Lrg)) Symbol Default Maximum Range (nm) Range (nm) Active Flight Plan Leg (ACTIVE FPL) 2000 2000 Non-active Flight Plan Leg (ACTIVE FPL) 2000 2000 2000 250 2000 500 150 300 50 100 3 Off 15 20 100 30 Non-directional Beacon (NDB WAYPOINT) 15 30 VOR (VOR WAYPOINT) 150 300 Class B Airspace/TMA (CLASS B/TMA) 200 500 Cl
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYMBOL SETUP All pages with maps can display land symbols (roads, lakes, borders, etc). Land symbols can be removed totally (turned off). Displaying/removing all land symbols: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The Page Menu is displayed and the cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option. 2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Group Menu is displayed and the cursor flashes on the ‘Map’ option. 3) Highlight the ‘LAND DATA’ field. 4) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 9) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected range. 10) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MAP DECLUTTER The declutter feature allows the pilot to progressively step through four levels of removing map information. The declutter level is displayed in the DCLTR Softkey and next to the Declutter Menu Option. Declutter Level DCLTR Softkey Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 5-21 Navigation Map - Declutter Level Indications Decluttering the map: Select the DCLTR Softkey with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The current declutter level is shown.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Table 5-3 lists the items that are decluttered at each map detail level. The ‘X’ represents map items decluttered for each level of detail.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AIRWAYS This airways discussion is based upon the North American airway structure. The airway structure in places other than North America vary by location, etc. and are not discussed in this book. Low Altitude Airways (or Victor Airways) primarily serve smaller piston-engine, propeller-driven airplanes on shorter routes and at lower altitudes. Airways are eight nautical miles wide and start 1,200 feet above ground level (AGL) and extend up to 18,000 feet mean sea level (MSL).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Airways may be displayed on the map at the pilot’s discretion using either a combination of AIRWAYS Softkey selections, or menu selections using the MENU Key from the Navigation Map Page. The Airway range can also be programmed to only display Airways on the MFD when the map range is at or below a specific number. Displaying/removing airways: 1) Select the MAP Softkey. 2) Select the AIRWAYS Softkey. Both High and Low Altitude Airways are displayed (AIRWY ON).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The following range items are configurable on the airways menu: Airway Type Symbol Default Maximum Range (nm) Range (nm) 200 500 Low Altitude Airway (LOW ALT AIRWAY) High Altitude Airway (HI ALT AIRWAY) 300 500 Table 5-4 Airway Range Information TRACK VECTOR The Navigation Map can display a track vector that is useful in minimizing track angle error. The track vector is a solid cyan line segment extended to a predicted location.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Wind Vector On/Off Nav Range Ring On/Off Track Vector - On/Off - Look Ahead Time Fuel Range - On/Off - Fuel Reserve Time Figure 5-25 Navigation Map Setup Menu -TRACK VECTOR, WIND VECTOR, NAV RANGE RING, FUEL RANGE RING Setup WIND VECTOR The map displays a wind vector arrow in the upper right-hand portion of the screen. Wind vector information is displayed as a white arrow pointing in the direction in which the wind is moving for wind speeds greater than or equal to 1 kt.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT NAV RANGE RING The Nav Range Ring shows the direction of travel (ground track) on a rotating compass card. The range is determined by the map range. The range is 1/4 of the map range (e.g., 7.5 nm on a 30 nm map). Range (radius) Nav Range Ring Figure 5-27 Navigation Map - Nav Range Ring NOTE: The Nav Range Ring is not displayed on the Waypoint Information pages, Nearest pages, or Direct-to Window map.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FUEL RANGE RING The map can display a fuel range ring which shows the remaining flight distance. A dashed green circle indicates the selected range to reserve fuel. A solid green circle indicates the total endurance range. If only reserve fuel remains, the range is indicated by a solid yellow circle.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FIELD OF VIEW (SVT) The map can display the boundaries of the PFD Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) lateral field of view. The field of view is shown as two dashed lines forming a V shape in front of the aircraft symbol on the map. This is only available if SVT is installed on the aircraft. Lateral Field of View Boundaries Figure 5-29 Navigation Map - Field of View Displaying/removing the field of view: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SELECTED ALTITUDE INTERCEPT ARC The map can display the location along the current track where the aircraft will intercept the selected altitude. The location will be shown as a cyan arc when the aircraft is actuallly climbing or descending. Range to Altitude Arc Figure 5-30 Navigation Map - Range to Altitude Arc Displaying/removing the selected altitude intercept arc: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.3 WAYPOINTS Waypoints are predetermined geographical positions (internal database) or pilot-entered positions, and are used for all phases of flight planning and navigation. Communication and navigation frequencies can be tuned “automatically” from various Waypoint Information (WPT) pages, Nearest (NRST) pages, and the Nearest Airports Window (on PFD). This auto-tuning feature simplifies frequency entry over manual tuning.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Identifier with Duplicates Duplicate Waypoints Duplicate Message AIRPORTS Figure 5-32 Waypoint Information Window - Duplicate Identifier NOTE: ‘North Up’ orientation on the Airport Information Page cannot be changed; the pilot needs to be aware of proper orientation if the Navigation Map orientation is different from the Airport Information Page Map.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Airport Information - ID/Facility/City - Usage Type/Region - Lat/Long/Elev - Fuel Available - Time Zone (UTC Offset) Navigation Map Showing Selected Airport Runway Information - Designation - Length/Width/Surface - Lighting Available Airport/Runway Diagram COM/NAV Freq. Info.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Airport Directory Information Airport Information - ID/Facility/City - Usage Type/Region Softkeys Figure 5-34 Airport Directory Page Example The airport directory information is viewed on the Airport Directory Page by pressing the INFO softkey until INFO-2 is displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selecting an airport for review by identifier, facility name, or location: 1) From the Airport Information Page, press the FMS Knob. 2) Use the FMS Knobs and enter an identifier, facility name, or location. 3) Press the ENT Key. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor. Selecting a runway: 1) With the Airport Information Page displayed, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the ‘RUNWAYS’ Box, on the runway designator.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Bearing/Distance to Airport Airport Identifier/ Type Approach Available Length of Longest Runway COM Freq. Info. - Identification - Frequency Additional Airports (within 200 nm) NRST Softkey Figure 5-35 Nearest Airports Window on PFD Pressing the ENT Key displays the PFD Airport Information Window for the highlighted airport. Pressing the ENT Key again returns to the Nearest Airports Window with the cursor on the next airport in the list.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Nearest Airports - ID/Type - Bearing/Distance Airport Information - Facility/City/Elevation Runway Information - Designation/Surface - Length/Width Nearest Airport COM/NAV Freq. Info.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Viewing runway information for a specific airport: 1) With the Nearest Airports Page displayed, select the RNWY Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Select Runway Window’; and press the ENT Key. The cursor is placed in the ‘RUNWAYS’ Box. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired runway. 3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. See the Audio Panel and CNS Section for frequency selection and the Procedures section for approaches.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT INTERSECTIONS NOTE: The VOR displayed on the Intersection Information Page is the nearest VOR, not necessarily the VOR used to define the intersection. The Intersection Information Page is used to view information about intersections. In addition to displaying a map of the currently selected intersection and surrounding area, the Intersection Information Page displays intersection information in three boxes labeled ‘INTERSECTION’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘NEAREST VOR’.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The selected intersection is indicated by a white arrow. Up to sixteen intersections are visible at a time. If there are more than can be shown, the list can be scrolled. If there are no items for display, text indicating that fact is displayed. NOTE: The list only includes waypoints that are within 200 nm.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT NDBS The NDB Information Page is used to view information about NDBs. In addition to displaying a map of the currently selected NDB and surrounding area, the page displays NDB information in four boxes labeled ‘NDB’, ‘INFORMATION’, ‘FREQUENCY’, and ‘NEAREST AIRPORT’.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The Nearest NDB Page can be used to quickly find a NDB close to the flight path. In addition to displaying a map of the surrounding area, the page displays information for up to 25 nearest NDBs in three boxes labeled ‘NEAREST NDB’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘FREQUENCY’. A white arrow before the NDB identifier indicates the selected NDB. Up to sixteen NDBs are visible at a time. If there are more than can be shown, each list can be scrolled. The list only includes waypoints that are within 200nm.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT VORS The VOR Information Page can be used to view information about VOR and ILS navigation signals, or to quickly auto-tune a VOR or ILS frequency. Localizer information cannot be viewed on the VOR Information Page. If a VOR station is combined with a TACAN station it is listed as a VORTAC on the VOR Information Page and if it includes only DME, it is displayed as VOR-DME.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Or: 1) With the Nearest VOR Page displayed, press the MENU Key. 2) Highlight ‘Select VOR Window’, and press the ENT Key. 3) Press the ENT Key or turn either FMS Knob to select an identifier in the Nearest VOR Box. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. The Nearest VOR Page can be used to quickly find a VOR station close to the aircraft. Also, a NAV frequency from a selected VOR station can be loaded from the Nearest VOR Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT USER WAYPOINTS The system can create and store up to 1,000 user-defined waypoints. User waypoints can be created from any map page (except PFD Inset Map, AUX-Trip Planning Page, or Procedure Pages) by selecting a position on the map using the Joystick, or from the User Waypoint Information Page by referencing a bearing/distance from an existing waypoint, bearings from two existing waypoints, or a latitude and longitude.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Nearest User Wpt List - Identifier - Bearing/Distance from aircraft position Navigation Map Showing Selected User Waypoint Selected User Waypoint User Waypoint Info - Comment - Lat/Long Reference Wpt Info - Identifier - Radial/Distance Figure 5-46 Nearest User Waypoint Page CREATING USER WAYPOINTS User waypoints can be created from the User Waypoint Information Page in the following ways: Creating user waypoints from the User Waypoint Information Page: 1) Select the NEW Softkey,
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5) Press the ENT Key to accept the new waypoint. 6) If desired, change the storage method of the waypoint to “TEMPORARY” or “NORMAL” by moving the cursor to “TEMPORARY” and selecting the ENT Key to check or uncheck the box. 7) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. Or: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 2) Enter a user waypoint name (up to six characters). 3) Press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Creating user waypoints from map pages: 1) Press the Joystick to activate the panning function and pan to the map location of the desired user waypoint. 2) Press the ENT Key. The User Waypoint Information Page is displayed with the captured position.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Renaming user waypoints: 1) Highlight a user waypoint in the User Waypoint List. Select the RENAME Softkey, or press the MENU Key and select ‘Rename User Waypoint’. 2) Enter a new name. 3) Press the ENT Key. The message ‘Do you want to rename the user waypoint AAAAAA to BBBBBB?’ is displayed. 4) With ‘YES’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. 5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT DELETING USER WAYPOINTS Deleting a single user waypoint: 1) Highlight a User Waypoint in the User Waypoint List, or enter a waypoint in the User Waypoint field. 2) Select the DELETE Softkey or press the CLR Key. ‘Yes’ is highlighted in the confirmation window. 3) Press the ENT Key. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. Or: 1) Highlight a User Waypoint in the User Waypoint List, or enter a waypoint in the User Waypoint field. 2) Press the MENU Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.4 AIRSPACES The G1000 can display the following types of airspaces: Class B/TMA, Class C/TCA, Class D, Restricted, MOA (Military), Other Airspace, Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ), and Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR). Class D Airspace MOA (Military) Class B Airspace Restricted Area TFR Alert Area Class C Airspace ADIZ Warning Area Figure 5-48 Airspaces 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The Nearest Airspaces Page, Airspace Alerts Window, and Airspace Alerts on the PFD provide additional information about airspaces and the location of the aircraft in relationship to them. The Airspace Alerts Box allows the pilot to turn the controlled/special-use airspace message alerts on or off. This does not affect the alerts listed on the Nearest Airspaces Page or the airspace boundaries depicted on the Navigation Map Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Airspace Alerts Box - Airspace Altitude Buffer - Alert On/Off (Default Settings Shown) DFLTS Softkey Figure 5-49 System Setup Page - Airspace Alerts Map ranges for the airspace boundaries are selected from the Aviation Group in the Map Setup Menu. See Table 5-2 for the default and maximum ranges for each type of airspace and the symbol used to define the airspace area. 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The Nearest Airspaces Page can be used to quickly find airspaces close to the flight path. In addition, a selected frequency associated with the airspace can be loaded from the Nearest Airspaces Page. In addition to displaying a map of airspace boundaries and surrounding area, the Nearest Airspaces Page displays airspace information in four boxes labeled ‘AIRSPACE ALERTS’, ‘AIRSPACE, AGENCY’, ‘VERTICAL LIMITS’, and ‘FREQUENCIES’.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Pressing the PFD ALERTS Softkey displays the message window on the PFD. The following airspace alerts are displayed in the message window: Message INSIDE ARSPC – Inside airspace. ARSPC AHEAD – Airspace ahead – less than 10 minutes. ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near and ahead. ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near – less than 2 nm. Comments The aircraft is inside the airspace. Special use airspace is ahead of aircraft. The aircraft penetrates the airspace within 10 minutes.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.5 DIRECT-TO-NAVIGATION The Direct-to method of navigation, initiated by pressing the Direct-to Key on either the MFD or PFD, is quicker to use than a flight plan when the desire is to navigate to a single point such as a nearby airport. Once a direct-to is activated, the G1000 establishes a point-to-point course line from the present position to the selected direct-to destination.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Direct-to Point Info - Identifier/Symbol/City - Facility Name VNV Constraints - Altitude at Arrival - Along Track Offset Direct-to Point Info - Bearing/Distance - Desired Course Activation Command Figure 5-52 Direct-to Window - PFD Any waypoint can be entered as a direct-to destination from the Direct-to Window. Entering a waypoint identifier, facility name, or city as a direct-to destination: 1) Press the Direct-to Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selecting an active flight plan waypoint as a direct-to destination: 1) While navigating an active flight plan, press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed with the active flight plan waypoint as the default selection. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob counter-clockwise to display a list of flight plan waypoints (the FPL list is populated only when navigating a flight plan). 3) Select the desired waypoint. 4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selecting a nearby airport as a direct-to destination: 1) Select the NRST Softkey on the PFD; or turn the FMS Knob to display the Nearest Airports Page and press the FMS Knob. 2) Select the desired airport (the nearest one is already selected). 3) Press the Direct-to Key. 4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’. 5) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to. Direct-to destinations may also be selected by using the pointer on the navigation map pages.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Page Menu - Cancel Direct-To NAV - Hold At Present Position Figure 5-54 Direct-to Window - Cancelling Direct-to Navigation When navigating a direct-to, the G1000 sets a direct great circle course to the selected destination. The course to a destination can also be manually selected using the course field (‘COURSE’) on the Direct-to Window. Selecting a manual direct-to course: 1) Press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed with the destination field highlighted.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT part of the active flight plan. All VNV altitudes following the direct-to waypoint are retained. See the section on Vertical Navigation for more information regarding the use and purpose of VNV altitudes and offset distances. Entering a VNV altitude and along-track offset for the waypoint: 1) Press the Direct-to Key to display the Direct-to Window. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor over the ‘VNV’ altitude field. 3) Enter the desired altitude. 4) Press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.6 FLIGHT PLANNING Flight planning on the G1000 consists of building a flight plan by entering waypoints one at a time, adding waypoints along airways, and inserting departures, airways, arrivals, or approaches as needed. The G1000 allows flight planning information to be entered from either the MFD or PFD.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT When the database is updated, the airways need to be reloaded also. Each airway segment is reloaded from the database given the entry waypoint, the airway identifier and the exit waypoint. This reloads the sequence of waypoints between the entry and exit waypoints (the sequence may change when the database is updated). The update of an airway can fail during this process.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Active Flight Plan Comment Active Flight Plan Leg Active Flight Plan Waypoint List - Waypoint ID - Desired Track to Waypoint - Distance to Waypoint - Airway Identifier Figure 5-57 Active Flight Plan Window on PFD Catalog Contents - # Used - # Empty Flight Plan List - Comment Selected Flight Plan Map Selected FPL Info - Departure Waypoint - Destination Waypoint - Total Flight Plan Distance - Enroute Safe Altitude Softkeys Figure 5-58 Flight Plan Catalog Page The active flight plan
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT NOTE: The system supports AFCS lateral guidance for all leg types (using NAV or FMS APPR mode). The system does not support course deviation for any heading leg types (VA, VD, VI, VM, or VR). Creating an active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (only on MFD). 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Flight plans can be imported from an SD Card or exported to an SD Card from the Stored Flight Plan Page. Importing a Flight Plan from an SD Card 1) Insert the SD card containing the flight plan in the top card slot on the MFD. 2) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 4) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 5) Turn either FMS Knob to highlight an empty or existing flight plan.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT NOTE: If the imported flight plan contains a waypoint with a name that duplicates the name of a waypoint already stored on the system, the system compares the coordinates of the imported waypoint with those of the existing waypoint. If the coordinates are different, the imported waypoint is automatically renamed by adding characters to the end of the name. Exporting a Flight Plan to an SD Card 1) Insert the SD card into the top card slot on the MFD.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ADDING WAYPOINTS TO AN EXISTING FLIGHT PLAN Waypoints can be added to the active flight plan or any stored flight plan. Choose the flight plan, select the desired point of insertion, enter the waypoint, and it is added in front of the selected waypoint. Flight plans are limited to 99 waypoints (including waypoints within airways and procedures). If the number of waypoints in the flight plan exceeds 99, the message “Flight plan is full. Remove unnecessary waypoints.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Adding a waypoint to a stored flight plan: 1) On the Flight Plan Catalog Page, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 2) Highlight the desired flight plan. 3) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the ENT Key, turn the large FMS Knob clockwise to select “EDIT” and press the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed. 4) Select the point in the flight plan to add the new waypoint. The new waypoint is placed directly in front of the highlighted waypoint.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Creating and adding user waypoints to the active flight plan: 1) Press the Joystick to activate the panning function on the Active Flight Plan Page and pan to the map location of the desired user waypoint. 2) Select the LD WPT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Load Waypoint’, and press the ENT Key. The user waypoint is created with a name of USRxxx (using the next available in sequence) and is added to the end of the active flight plan.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 4) Turn the small FMS Knob one click clockwise and select the LD AIRWY Softkey, or press the MENU Key and select “Load Airway”. The Select Airway Page is displayed. The LD AIRWY Softkey or the “Load Airway” menu item is available only when a valid airway entry waypoint has been chosen (the waypoint ahead of the cursor position). 5) Turn the FMS Knob to select the desired airway from the list, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Inserted Airway Header - Airway Identifier: [airway identifier].[exit waypoint identifier] (e.g., V4.SLN) Figure 5-66 Active Flight Plan Page - Airway Inserted RESTRICTIONS ON ADDING AIRWAYS Some airways have directional restrictions on all or part of the route. For example, Airway “A2” in Europe has a directional restriction over the whole route such that it can be flown only in the direction MTD-ABBBNE-DEVAL.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ADDING PROCEDURES TO A STORED FLIGHT PLAN The G1000 allows the pilot to insert pre-defined instrument procedures from the navigation database into a flight plan. The procedures are designed to facilitate routing of traffic leaving an airport (departure), arriving at an airport (arrival), and landing at an airport (approach). See the procedures section for more details.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT DEPARTURE (DP) A Departure Procedure (DP) is loaded at the departure airport in the flight plan. Only one departure can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of a departure, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Departure Airport Selected Departure Selected Runway Preview of Selected Departure Selected Transition Departure Transition Points Available Selected Departure End Point Figure 5-69 Departure Loading Page - Selecting Transition Inserted Departure Header - Departure Identifier: [departure airport]-[departure runway]. [departure transition]. [departure end point] (e.g., KMKC-ALL.WLDCT2.SLN) Figure 5-70 Stored Flight Plan Page - Departure Inserted 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ARRIVAL (STAR) A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) is loaded at the destination airport in the flight plan. Only one arrival can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of an arrival, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Destination Airport Selected Arrival Selected Transition Transitions Available with DBRY1 Arrival Waypoint Sequence Preview of Selected Arrival Figure 5-72 Arrival Loading Page - Selecting the Transition Inserted Arrival Header - Arrival Identifier: [arrival airport]-[arrival transition]. [arrival].[arrival runway] (e.g., KCOS-TBE.DBRY1.ALL) Figure 5-73 Stored Flight Plan Page - Arrival Inserted 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT APPROACH (APPR) An Approach Procedure (APPR) can be loaded at any airport that has an approach available. Only one approach can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route for a selected approach is defined by designating transition waypoints.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5) Select a transition for the selected approach. Press the ENT Key. 6) Press the ENT Key to load the selected approach procedure. Destination Airport Selected Approach Selected Transition Transitions Available with Selected Approach Preview of Selected Approach Approach Waypoint Sequence Load Approach? Figure 5-75 Approach Loading Page - Selecting the Transition Inserted Approach Header - Approach Identifier: [approach airport].[runway and approach type] (e.g.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT PLAN STORAGE The G1000 can store up to 99 flight plans, numbered 1 through 99. The active flight plan is erased when the G1000 is powered off or when another flight plan is activated. Details about each stored flight plan can be viewed on the Flight Plan Catalog Page and on the Stored Flight Plan Page. Viewing information about a stored flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key on the MFD to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ACTIVATE A FLIGHT PLAN Activating a stored flight plan erases the active flight plan and replaces it with the flight plan being activated. Inverting a stored flight plan reverses the waypoint order, erases the active flight plan, and replaces it with the flight plan being activated (the stored flight plan is not changed). Activating a stored flight plan on the MFD: 1) Press the FPL Key and turn the small FMS Knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 3) Select the DELETE Softkey; press the CLR Key; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Delete Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key. The ‘Delete Flight Plan XX?’ window is displayed. 4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to delete the flight plan. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key. NOTE: The option to delete all stored flight plans is not available while the aircraft is in flight.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key. 5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. Deleting an entire airway from the active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 7) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key. 8) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. Deleting an entire airway from a stored flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 7) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key. 8) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. CHANGING FLIGHT PLAN COMMENTS (NAMES) The comment field (or name) of each flight plan can be changed to something that is useful for identification and sorting. Changing the active flight plan comment: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ALONG TRACK OFFSETS A waypoint having an “along track offset” distance from an existing waypoint can be entered into a flight plan. Along track offset waypoints lie along the path of the existing flight plan, and can be used to make the system reach a specified altitude before or after reaching the specified flight plan waypoint. Offset distances can be entered from 1 to 999 nm in increments of 1 nm.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 3) Select the ATK OFST Softkey (MFD only); or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Create ATK Offset Waypoint’, and press the ENT Key. 4) Enter a positive or negative offset distance in the range of +/- 1 to 999 nm (limited by leg distances). 5) Press the ENT Key to create the offset waypoint. 6) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. PARALLEL TRACK The Parallel Track (PTK) feature allows creation of a parallel course offset of 1 to 50 nm left or right of the current flight plan.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Offset Direction Offset Distance Activation Prompt Figure 5-80 Parallel Track Window Parallel Track Waypoints - TIFTO-p - TOP-p - ULNAZ-p - ... Activating Parallel Track affects the active flight plan from the current position on (will not affect an approach) Parallel Track Original Track Figure 5-81 Parallel Track Active If the parallel track proposed by the offset direction and distance is not allowed by the system, the activation prompt is displayed, but disabled.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Approach Leg Active’. If the offset direction and distance results in an unreasonable route geometry the status indicates that the system is unable to activate the parallel track because of invalid geometry.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ACTIVATING A FLIGHT PLAN LEG The G1000 allows selection of a highlighted leg as the “active leg” (the flight plan leg which is currently used for navigation guidance). Activating a flight plan leg: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD). 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD) and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the destination waypoint for the desired leg.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT New Active Flight Plan Leg Confirmation Window Figure 5-85 Active Flight Plan Page - New Active Leg INVERTING A FLIGHT PLAN Any flight plan may be inverted (reversed) for navigation back to the original departure point. Inverting the active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD). 2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Invert Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT PLAN VIEWS Information about flight plans can be viewed in more than one way. The active flight plan can be configured to show cumulative distance over the length of the flight plan or the distance for each leg of the flight plan; and the active flight plan can be viewed in a narrow or wide view. In the wide view, additional information is displayed: Fuel Remaining (FUEL REM), Estimated Time Enroute (ETE), Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA), and Bearing to the waypoint (BRG).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Switching between wide and narrow view: 1) Press the FPL Key on the MFD to display the Active Flight Plan Page. 2) Select the VIEW Softkey to display the WIDE and NARROW Softkeys. 3) Select the WIDE Softkey to display the wide view, or select the NARROW Softkey to display the narrow view. 4) Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top level active flight plan softkeys.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT COLLAPSING AIRWAYS The G1000 allows airways on the active flight plan to be collapsed or expanded from the Active Flight Plan Page/Window. When airways have been collapsed, it is indicated on the airway heading. When airways are collapsed, leg-to-leg computed values such as DIS or ETE shown for the exit waypoint reflect the total of all the legs on the airway that have been hidden in the collapsed display. The DTK value is inhibited because it is not usable in this context.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT CLOSEST POINT OF FPL ‘Closest Point of FPL’ calculates the bearing and closest distance at which a flight plan passes a reference waypoint, and creates a new user waypoint along the flight plan at the location closest to a chosen reference waypoint. Determining the closest point along the active flight plan to a selected waypoint: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Waypoint Selected Hold At Waypoint Menu Selection Location of Hold Hold Entry Course Course Direction (INBOUND or OUTBOUND) Leg Length Mode Button (TIME or DIST)) Leg Length (Time in nm or Distance in minutes) Turn Direction (RIGHT or LEFT) Map of Hold Location Expect Further Clearance Time Load Hold in Active Flight Plan Figure 5-89 Creating a User Defined Holding Pattern at an Active Flight Plan Waypoint 238 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Creating a user-defined hold at the aircraft present position: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD). 2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Hold At Present Position’, and press the ENT Key. The HOLD AT window appears with the course field highlighted. 3) If desired, use the FMS Knobs to edit the entry course, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Removing a user-defined hold at an off-route direct-to: 1) Press a Direct To Key to display the DIRECT TO Window (PFD or MFD). 2) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU with the cursor on the ‘Cancel Direct-To NAV’ selection. 3) Press the ENT Key. The holding pattern is removed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Waypoint Selected Hold Entry Course Location of Hold Course Direction (INBOUND or OUTBOUND) Leg Length (Time in nm or Distance in minutes) Turn Direction (RIGHT or LEFT) Leg Length Mode Button (TIME or DIST)) Map of Hold Location Expect Further Clearance Time Hold At Direct To Waypoint selection Load Hold and Activate Direct To Figure 5-91 Creating a User Defined Holding Pattern at a Direct To Waypoint 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.7 VERTICAL NAVIGATION NOTE: The system supports vertical path guidance and altitude constraints for the following leg types: AF, CD, CF, CI, CR, DF, FC, FD, PI, RF, and TF. Altitude constraints are not retained in stored flight plans. The G1000 system Vertical Navigation (VNV) feature provides vertical profile guidance during the enroute and teminal phases of flight. Guidance based on specified altitudes at waypoints in the active flight plan or to a direct-to waypoint is provided.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Disabling VNV guidance: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 2) Select the CNCL VNV Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Cancel VNV’, and press the ENT Key. Vertical navigation is disabled. Canceling vertical navigation results in vertical deviation (V DEV), vertical speed required (VS REQ), and time to top of descent/bottom of descent (TIME TO TOD/BOD) going invalid.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Activating a vertical navigation direct-to: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired waypoint. NOTE: The selected waypoint must have a designated altitude constraint (cyan number) to be used. If not, the first waypoint in the flight plan with a designated altitude constraint is selected.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT White Text Cyan Text Cyan Subdued Text Large Altitude calculated by the system Text estimating the altitude of the aircraft as it passes over the navigation point. This altitude is provided as a reference and is not designated to be used in determining vertical speed and deviation guidance. Altitude has been entered manually. Altitude is designated for use in giving vertical speed and deviation guidance.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Altitude constraints are displayed and entered in feet mean sea level (MSL) values to the nearest hundred. An altitude constraint in feet above ground level (AGL) format is supported for airports. When a database altitude restriction is displayed, the G1000 allows entry of a different altitude when creating a waypoint, effectively overriding the database restriction (only before the FAF).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Deleting an altitude constraint that has been manually entered: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude constraint. 3) Press the CLR Key. A ‘Remove or Revert to published VNV altitude of nnnnnFT?’ confirmation window is displayed. 4) Select ‘REMOVE’ and press the ENT Key. The manually entered altitude is deleted (it is replaced by a system calculated altitude, if available).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.8 PROCEDURES The G1000 can access the whole range of instrument procedures available. Departures (DPs), arrivals (STARs), and non-precision and precision approaches (APPRs) are stored within the database and can be loaded using any Procedures (PROC) Key. The selected procedure for the departure or arrival airport is added to the active flight plan.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT DEPARTURES A Departure Procedure (DP) is loaded at the departure airport in the flight plan. Only one departure can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. If a departure is loaded when another departure is already in the active flight plan, the new departure replaces the previous departure. The route is defined by selection of a departure, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selected Departure Loaded Departure Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys Figure 5-93 Departure Loading Viewing available departures at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the DP Softkey. The Departure Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Loading a departure into the active flight plan from the Departure Information Page: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), press the DP Softkey. The Departure Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page. 2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and press the ENT Key. 3) Select a different departure, if desired.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ARRIVALS A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) can be loaded at any airport that has one available. Only one arrival can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. If an arrival is loaded when another arrival is already in the active flight plan, the new arrival replaces the previous arrival. The route is defined by selection of an arrival, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selected Arrival Loaded Arrival Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys Figure 5-95 Arrival Loading Viewing available arrivals at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the STAR Softkey. The Arrival Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport Information Page. 2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Loading an arrival into the active flight plan from the Arrival Information Page: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), press the STAR Softkey. The Arrival Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page. 2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and press the ENT Key. 3) Select a different arrival, if desired.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT APPROACHES NOTE: If certain GPS parameters (SBAS, RAIM, etc.) are not available, some published approach procedures for the desired airport may not be displayed in the list of available approaches. An Approach Procedure (APPR) can be loaded at any airport that has one available, and provides guidance for non-precision and precision approaches to airports with published instrument approach procedures. Only one approach can be loaded at a time in a flight plan.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Approach Type (as shown on HSI) LNAV LNAV+V L/VNAV LNAV/VNAV or If SBAS unavailable prior to 1 minute to FAF, LNAV Minima approach switches to: Available? Description GPS approach using published LNAV minima GPS approach using published LNAV minima.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT LOADING AN APPROACH INTO THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN Loading an approach into the active flight plan using the PROC Key: 1) Press the PROC Key. The Procedures Window is displayed. 2) Highlight ‘SELECT APPROACH’, and press the ENT Key. The Approach Loading Page is displayed. 3) Select the airport and approach: a) Use the FMS Knob to select an airport and press the ENT Key. b) Select an approach from the list and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Destination Airport Available Procedure Actions Loaded Procedures Approach Preview Approach Choices Figure 5-96 Approach Selection Selected Approach Loaded Approach Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys LOAD or ACTIVATE? Annunciation Figure 5-97 Approach Loading 258 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Viewing available approaches at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), press the APR Softkey. The Approach Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page. 2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and press the ENT Key. 3) Press the FMS Knob, then turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Approach.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 8) Press the ENT Key with ‘LOAD?’ highlighted to load the approach procedure; or turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘ACTIVATE’ and press the ENT Key to load and activate the approach procedure. The system continues navigating the current flight plan until the approach is activated. When GPS is not approved for the selected final approach course, the message ‘NOT APPROVED FOR GPS’ is displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED ALTITUDE If desired, the system can compensate the loaded approach altitudes based on a pilot-supplied temperature at the destination. For example, if the pilot enters a destination temperature of -40º C, the system increases the approach altitudes accordingly. A temperature compensated altitude is displayed in slanted text. Activating temperature compensated altitude: 1) From the Active Flight Plan Page, press the MENU Key. The Page Menu is displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ACTIVATE COMPENSATION? Highlighted CANCEL COMPENSATION? Highlighted Figure 5-102 Activating/Cancelling Temperature Compensation Compensated Altitudes Uncompensated Altitudes Figure 5-103 Temperature Compensation in the Active Flight Plan Cancelling temperature compensated altitude: 1) From the Active Flight Plan Page, press the MENU Key. The Page Menu is displayed. 2) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Temperature Compensation’. 3) Press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MISSED APPROACH Activating a missed approach in the active flight plan: 1) Press the PROC Key. 2) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘ACTIVATE MISSED APPROACH’. 3) Press the ENT Key. The aircraft automatically sequences to the MAHP. Or: Press the Go-Around Button. In this missed approach procedure, the altitude immediately following the MAP (in this case ‘6368ft’) is not part of the published procedure.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.9 TRIP PLANNING The G1000 allows the pilot to view trip planning information, fuel information, and other information for a specified flight plan or flight plan leg based on automatic data, or based on manually entered data. Weight planning is also available, based on manually entered fuel data and the active flight plan (to estimate remaining fuel).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT • Calibrated airspeed (CALIBRATED AS) - The primary source is from the air data system, and the secondary source of information is GPS ground speed. • Indicated altitude (IND ALTITUDE) - The primary source is the barometric altitude, and the secondary source of information is GPS altitude. TRIP STATISTICS The trip statistics are calculated based on the selected starting and ending waypoints and the trip planning inputs.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FUEL STATISTICS The fuel statistics are calculated based on the selected starting and ending waypoints and the trip planning inputs. Some of the calculated trip statistics are dashed when the selected leg of the active flight plan has already been flown. • Fuel efficiency (EFFICIENCY) - This value is calculated by dividing the current ground speed by the current fuel flow. • Time of fuel endurance (TOTAL ENDUR) - This time is shown as hours:minutes.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selected Flight Plan Selected Leg(s) Not Available Not Available Selected Starting and Ending Waypoints Figure 5-101 Trip Planning Page - Waypoint Mode Selecting automatic or manual page mode: Select the AUTO Softkey or the MANUAL Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Auto Mode’ or ‘Manual Mode’, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT WEIGHT PLANNING NOTE: All weight planning page data fields display data rounded to the nearest 10 pounds or 5 kilograms.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Entering the number of passengers: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the ‘PASSENGERS #’ field. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the number of passengers. 3) Press the ENT Key to confirm the entry. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. Entering the average passenger weight: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the passenger weight field. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the average passenger weight.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT When the aircraft is in the air and a destination waypoint has been entered, the fuel calculations can be completed. • Estimated landing weight = zero fuel weight + estimated landing fuel weight.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.10 RAIM PREDICTION RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) is a GPS receiver function that performs a consistency check on all tracked satellites. RAIM ensures that the available satellite geometry allows the receiver to calculate a position within a specified RAIM protection limit (2.0 nm for oceanic, 2.0 nm for enroute, 1.0 nm for terminal, and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. (Turning it clockwise displays a blank Waypoint Information Window, turning it counter-clockwise displays the Waypoint Information Window with a waypoint selection submenu allowing selection of active flight plan, nearest, recent, user, or airway waypoints).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SBAS Status SBAS SELECTION Box - EGNOS Enable/Disable - MSAS Enable/Disable - WAAS Enable/Disable RAIM Softkey SBAS Softkey (displays SBAS Selection) (displays RAIM PREDICTION) Figure 5-104 SBAS Display - Active 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Enabling/Disabling SBAS: 1) Select the AUX-GPS Status Page. 2) Press the SBAS Softkey. 3) Press the FMS Knob, and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘EGNOS’, ‘MSAS’ or ‘WAAS’. 4) Press the ENT Key to disable SBAS. Press the ENT Key again to enable SBAS.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.11 NAVIGATING A FLIGHT PLAN The following discussion is an example of navigating a flight plan with the SBAS capable GPS system while the G1000 provides vertical guidance through descents. A lateral flight plan (LNAV) would be navigated in much the same way, but would not include vertical guidance when the final approach course is active. NOTE: The following example flight plan is for instructional purposes only. All database information depicted should be considered not current.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 3) ATC now assigns routing to join V4. A heading of 290º is assigned to intercept V4. The aircraft turns to heading 290° as seen in Figure 5-107. Figure 5-107 Assigned Heading of 290º 4) Enter V4 into the flight plan. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 276 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT b) The desired entry point for V4 (TOP) must be entered. Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan insertion point (SLN) as shown in Figure 5-108. When the V4 entry point (TOP) is inserted, it is placed immediately above the highlighted waypoint (SLN). Figure 5-108 Begin Adding V4 to the Flight Plan c) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. Enter the desired entry point for V4, Topeka VOR (TOP), as shown in Figure 5-109.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT d) Press the ENT Key. TOP is inserted into the flight plan as in Figure 5-110. Figure 5-110 TOP Inserted into the Flight Plan e) With SLN still highlighted as in Figure 5-110, turn the small FMS Knob clockwise. The Waypoint Information Page is displayed and the LD AIRWY Softkey is now available. f) Select the LD AIRWY Softkey to display the list of available airways for TOP as seen in Figure 5-111.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT h) Press the ENT Key. The list of available exits for V4 is now displayed as in Figure 5-112. Figure 5-112 List of Available Exits for V4 i) If necessary, turn either FMS Knob to select the desired exit. In this case Salina VOR (SLN) is selected as in Figure 5-112. j) Press the ENT Key. The selected airway and exit are displayed, and the prompt “LOAD?” highlighted as in Figure 5-113. Figure 5-113 Ready to Load V4 k) Press the ENT Key. 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT l) V4 is now loaded into the flight plan as shown in Figure 5-114. Figure 5-114 V4 is Loaded in the Flight Plan 5) Making V4 the active leg of the flight plan. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. b) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ULNAZ. The TO waypoint of the leg is selected in order to activate the leg. c) Select the ACT LEG Softkey. The confirmation window is now displayed as in Figure 5-115. Note the TOP to ULNAZ leg is actually part of V4.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT d) Verify the displayed leg is the desired leg and press the ENT Key. Note in Figure 5-116, the magenta arrow in the flight plan window and magenta line on the map indicating V4 is now the active flight plan leg. Note the phase of flight remained in Terminal (TERM) mode up to this point because a departure leg was active. Since a leg after the departure is now active, the current CDI flight phase is ENR (Enroute) and CDI scaling has changed to 2.0 nm.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 7) As the CDI approaches center, the aircraft turns onto the active leg as seen in Figure 5-117. Figure 5-117 Turn on to Active Leg 8) At SLN, Victor Airway 244 (V244) is intercepted. Turn prompts are displayed in the PFD Navigation Status Box as seen in Figure 5-118. Figure 5-118 Turn to Intercept V244 282 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 9) As seen in Figure 5-119, V244 is now the active flight plan leg. Figure 5-119 V244 Now Active Leg 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 10) At Lamar VOR (LAA) V263 is intercepted. See Figure 5-120. Figure 5-120 WIZGE to LAA Leg Active 11) ATC grants clearance to proceed direct to the OPSHN intersection to begin the arrival procedure. ATC advises to expect an altitude of 10,000 feet at OPSHN. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. b) Turn the large FMS Knob to select OPSHN in the flight plan list. 284 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT c) Press the Direct-to ( ) Key. The Direct-to Window is now displayed as shown in Figure 5-121. Figure 5-121 Direct To OPSHN d) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the VNV altitude field as shown in Figure 5-122. Figure 5-122 Enter VNV Altitude e) An altitude of 10,000 feet is entered as requested by ATC. 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT f) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed in the VNV offset field as shown in Figure 5-123. Figure 5-123 Enter VNV Offset Distance g) Enter the offset, or distance from the waypoint at which to reach the selected altitude. In this case, three miles prior to OPSHN is entered. In other words, the G1000 gives vertical guidance so the aircraft arrives at an altitude of 10,000 feet three miles prior to OPSHN.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT h) Press the ENT Key twice to activate the direct-to. Note, in Figure 5-124, the magenta arrow indicating the directto OPSHN after the offset waypoint for OPSHN. The preceding offset waypoint indicates the offset distance and altitude that were previously entered. The remaining waypoints in the loaded arrival procedure have no database specified altitudes, therefore, dashes are displayed. Keep the CDI centered and maintain a track along the magenta line to OPSHN.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT b) ‘SELECT APPROACH’ should be highlighted as shown in Figure 5-125. Figure 5-125 Procedures Window c) Press the ENT Key. A list of available approaches for the destination airport is displayed as in Figure 5-126. Figure 5-126 List of Available Approaches d) Turn either FMS Knob to select the LPV approach for 35R as shown in Figure 5-126. 288 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT e) Press the ENT Key. A list of available transitions for the selected approach is displayed as in Figure 5-127. Figure 5-127 List of Available Transitions f) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired transition. In this case, the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) at HABUK is used. g) Press the ENT Key. h) Barometric Minimums To set ‘MINIMUMS’, turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘BARO’, and press the ENT Key. Turn the small FMS Knob to select the altitude, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-128 Barometric Minimums Set i) With ‘LOAD?’ highlighted, again press the ENT Key. The selected approach is added to the flight plan as seen in Figure 5-129. Figure 5-129 Loaded Approach 290 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 13) Note the altitude constraints associated with each of the approach waypoints as seen in Figure 5-130. These altitudes are loaded from the database and are displayed as white text, indicating these values are “not designated” for use in computing vertical deviation guidance. Note: To use the displayed altitude for calculating vertical deviation guidance, perform the following: a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 14) As the aircraft approaches OPSHN, it may be desirable to adjust the speed, or steepness of the upcoming descent. The default Flight Path Angle (FPA) is -3.5 degrees and a required vertical speed is computed to maintain the -3.5 FPA. To change the vertical flight path, perform the following steps. a) Select the VNV PROF Softkey to place the cursor in the target vertical speed field (VS TGT) as shown in Figure 5-131.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 15) As seen in Figure 5-132, the aircraft is approaching TOD. Note the target vertical speed required to reach the selected altitude. The Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) and the Required Vertical Speed Indicator (RVSI) are now displayed on the PFD as shown in Figure 5-133. When the aircraft is within one minute of the TOD, it is annunciated as shown in Figure 5-133, and an aural alert ‘Vertical track’ will be heard.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 16) Upon reaching TOD, a descent vertical speed is established by placing the VSI pointer in line with the RVSI as shown in Figure 5-134. Keep Vertical Deviation Indicator Centered Align Actual Vertical Speed with Required Vertical Speed Figure 5-134 VDI & RVSI Showing Established Descent 17) When the aircraft is one minute from the bottom of descent (BOD) it is annunciated as shown in Figure 5-135. Upon reaching the offset waypoint for OPSHN, the aircraft is at 10,000 feet.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 18) The aircraft is approaching OPSHN. The upcoming turn and next heading are annunciated at the top left of the PFD as seen in Figure 5-136. Initiate the turn and maneuver the aircraft on a track through the turn radius to intercept the magenta line for the OPSHN to FSHER leg and center the CDI. Figure 5-136 Turn to intercept OPSHN to FSHER Leg 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 19) After passing OPSHN, the next leg of the arrival turns magenta as shown in Figure 5-137. The magenta arrow in the flight plan list now indicates the OPSHN to FSHER leg of the arrival procedure is now active. Figure 5-137 Tracking the OPSHN to FSHER Leg 20) The flight continues through the arrival procedure to PYNON (see Figure 5-138).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-138 Approaching PYNON 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 21) Upon passing PYNON the approach procedure automatically becomes active. The approach may be activated at any point to proceed directly to the IAF. In this example, the aircraft has progressed through the final waypoint of the arrival and the flight plan has automatically sequenced to the IAF as the active leg, activating the approach procedure (see Figure 5-139).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 22) The IAF is the next waypoint. At the TOD, establish a descent vertical speed as previously discussed in Step 16. The aircraft altitude is 9,000 feet upon reaching HABUK. Figure 5-141 Descending Turn to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 23) After crossing FALUR the next waypoint is the FAF. The flight phase changes to LPV on the HSI indicating the current phase of flight is in Approach Mode and the approach type is LPV. CDI scaling changes accordingly and is used much like a localizer when flying an ILS approach. The RVSI is no longer displayed and the VDI changes to the Glidepath Indicator (as shown in Figure 5-142) when the final approach course becomes active.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 24) After crossing CEGIX, the aircraft continues following the glidepath to maintain the descent to “AT or ABOVE” 6,370 feet at the Missed Approach Point (MAP) (RW35R) as seen in Figure 5-143. Figure 5-143 Descending to the Missed Approach Point In this missed approach procedure, the altitude immediately following the MAP (in this case ‘6368ft’) is not part of the published procedure.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 25) Upon reaching the MAP, it is decided to execute a missed approach. Automatic waypoint sequencing is suspended past the MAP. Select the SUSP Softkey on the PFD to resume automatic waypoint sequencing through the missed approach procedure. A direct-to is initiated to MOGAL, which is the Missed Approach Hold Point (MAHP) as seen in Figure 5-144. The aircraft is climbing to 10,000 feet. The CDI flight phase now changes from LPV to MAPR as seen on the HSI.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 26) The aircraft continues climbing to “AT or ABOVE” 10,000 feet at MOGAL. A holding pattern is established at the MAHP (MOGAL) as shown in Figure 5-145. Figure 5-145 Establishing the Holding Pattern 27) The aircraft maintains 10,000 feet while following the magenta line through the hold as in Figure 5-146. Figure 5-146 Hold Established 190-00663-03 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.12 ABNORMAL OPERATION This section discusses the Dead Reckoning mode of operation and the subsequent indications. NOTE: Dead Reckoning Mode only functions in Enroute (ENR) or Oceanic (OCN) phase of flight. In all other phases, an invalid GPS solution produces a “NO GPS POSITION” annunciation on the map and the G1000 stops using GPS.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Distance & Bearing Current Track Indicator Ground Speed Dead Reckoning Annunciation Wind Data GPS Navigation Lost Message Course Deviation Indicator Bearing Pointer/ Distance Wind Data Nav Data Bar All data except Active Leg, TAS, and DTK are in yellow Dead Reckoning Annunciation Subdued Aircraft Symbol Figure 5-147 Dead Reckoning Mode - GPS Derived Data Shown in Yellow NOTE: The Inset Map is removed from the PFD any time aircraft pitch is greater than +30° or less than –20°, o
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Blank Page 306 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SECTION 6 HAZARD AVOIDANCE Hazard avoidance features available for the G1000 are designed to aid situational awareness and provide advisory information with regard to potential hazards to flight safety associated with weather, terrain, and air traffic.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.1 SIRIUSXM WEATHER WARNING: Do not use data link weather information for maneuvering in, near, or around areas of hazardous weather. Information contained within data link weather products may not accurately depict current weather conditions. WARNING: Do not use the indicated data link weather product age to determine the age of the weather information shown by the data link weather product.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Activating the SiriusXM Weather service: 1) Once a SiriusXM Weather account has been established, select the XM Page in the Auxiliary Page Group. 2) Press the INFO Softkey to display the XM Information Page. 3) Observe the list of Weather Products. A white empty box appears next to an unavailable weather product; a green filled box appears next to an available weather product.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Viewing the Weather Data Link (XM) Page: 1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. NEXRAD Weather Product Icon and Age (U.S. and Canada) NEXRAD Weather Product Selected for Display Figure 6-2 Weather Data Link (XM) Page For each enabled SiriusXM Weather product, the system displays a weather product icon and product age.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE or when the Data Link Receiver receives new data. SiriusXM and its weather data suppliers define and control the data update intervals, which are subject to change. SiriusXM Weather Product NEXRAD Expiration Time (Minutes) 30 Broadcast Rate (Minutes) 5 (U.S.) 10 (Canada) Cloud Top (CLD TOP) 60 15 Echo Top (ECHO TOP) 30 7.5 SiriusXM Lightning (LTNG) 30 5 Cell Movement (CELL MOV) 30 1.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Cloud Top (CLD TOP) + Echo Top (ECHO TOP) + SitiusXM Lightning (LTNG) + Cell Movement (CELL MOV) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Surface Analysis (SFC) + Freezing Levels (FRZ LVL) + Winds Aloft (WIND) +* + + County Warnings (COUNTY) + Cyclone Warnings (CYCLONE) + Icing Potential (ICNG) + PIREPs + + AIREPs + + Turbulence (TURB) + Radar Coverage TAFs + + City Forecast (CITY) TFRs + + SIGMETs/AIRMETs (SIG/AIR) METARs Flight Plan Pages
HAZARD AVOIDANCE WEATHER SOFTKEYS ON THE WEATHER DATA LINK (XM) PAGE Softkeys control the display of weather information on most MFD pages and the PFD Inset Map (Figure 6-3 shows the weather product softkeys for the Weather Data Link (XM) Page). When a weather product is selected for display, the corresponding softkey label changes to gray to indicate the product is enabled. Unavailable weather products have subdued softkey labels (softkeys are disabled from selection).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Setting up and customizing the Weather Data Link (XM) Page: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With ‘Weather Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-4). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘PRODUCT GROUP 1’ or ‘PRODUCT GROUP 2’, and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-5). 5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Maps besides the Weather Data Link (XM) Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page. Setting up and customizing weather data for the Navigation Map Page: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-6). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Weather’ Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-7).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Each active weather product has an associated legend which can be displayed on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. Viewing legends for displayed weather products 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. 2) Select the LEGEND Softkey to display the legends for the displayed weather products. Or: a) Press the MENU Key. b) Select ‘Weather Legend’ and press the ENT Key. 3) Turn the FMS Knob to scroll through the legends if more are available than fit in the window.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE NEXRAD NOTE: NEXRAD data cannot be displayed at the same time as terrain, echo tops, icing, or turbulence data. The National Weather Service (NWS) operates the WSR-88D, or NEXRAD (NEXt-generation RADar) system, an extensive network of 156 high-resolution Doppler radar systems. The NEXRAD network provides centralized meteorological information for the continental United States and selected overseas locations. The maximum range of a single NEXRAD site is 250 nm.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying NEXRAD weather information: 1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, press the INSET Softkey). This step is not necessary on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. 2) Select the NEXRAD Softkey. Composite data from all the NEXRAD radar sites in the United States is shown. This data is composed of the maximum reflectivity from the individual radar sweeps. The display of the information is color-coded to indicate the weather severity level.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE NEXRAD Limitations NEXRAD radar images may have certain limitations: • NEXRAD base reflectivity does not provide sufficient information to determine cloud layers or precipitation characteristics (wet hail vs. rain). For example, it is not possible to distinguish between wet snow, wet hail, and rain. • NEXRAD base reflectivity is sampled at the minimum antenna elevation angle. An individual NEXRAD site cannot depict high altitude storms at close ranges.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE NEXRAD Limitations (Canada) • Radar coverage extends to 55ºN. • Any precipitation displayed between 52ºN and 55ºN is displayed as mixed precipitation. • If the precipitation type is unknown, the system displays the precipitation as rain, regardless of actual precipitation type. No Coverage Above 55°N Precipitation Above 52°N Displays as Mixed Figure 6-13 NEXRAD Data - Canada 320 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE ECHO TOPS NOTE: Echo Tops cannot be displayed at the same time as Cloud Tops or NEXRAD data is displayed. The Echo Tops weather product (Figure 6-14) shows the location, elevation, and direction of the highest radar echo. The highest radar echo does not indicate the top of a storm or clouds; rather it indicates the highest altitude at which precipitation is detected. Information is derived from NEXRAD data.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE CLOUD TOPS NOTE: Cloud Tops and Echo Tops cannot be displayed at the same time. The Cloud Tops weather product (Figure 6-16) depicts cloud top altitudes as determined from satellite imagery. Figure 6-16 Cloud Tops Weather Product Displaying Cloud Tops information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page with the FMS Knob. 2) Select the CLD TOP Softkey. To display the Cloud Tops legend (Figure 6-17), select the LEGEND Softkey when Cloud Tops is selected for display.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SIRIUSXM LIGHTNING NOTE: SiriusXM Lightning information cannot be displayed simultaneously on the same map as information from an optional on-board lightning detection system. The SiriusXM Lightning weather product (Figure 6-18) shows the approximate location of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes. A strike icon represents a strike that has occurred within a two-kilometer region. The exact location of the lightning strike is not displayed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE CELL MOVEMENT Cell Movement data (Figure 6-20) shows the location and movement of storm cells as identified by the ground-based system. Cells are represented by yellow squares, with direction of movement indicated with short, orange arrows. Storm Cells Figure 6-20 Cell Movement Data On most applicable maps, Cell Movement data is selected for display along with NEXRAD. On the Weather Data Link (XM) Page, Cell Movement data can be selected independently.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SIGMETS AND AIRMETS SIGMET (SIGnificant METeorological Information) and AIRMET (AIRmen’s METeorological Information) are issued for potentially hazardous weather. A Convective SIGMET is issued for hazardous convective weather such as severe or widespread thunderstorms. A localized SIGMET is a significant weather condition occurring at a localized geographical position.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE METARS AND TAFS NOTE: Atmospheric pressure as reported for METARs is given in hectopascals (hPa), except for in the United States, where it is reported in inches of mercury (in Hg). Temperatures are reported in Celsius. NOTE: METAR information is only displayed within the installed navigation database service area.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying METAR and TAF text: 1) On the Weather Data Link (XM) Page, select the METAR Softkey. 2) Press the Joystick and pan to the desired airport. 3) Press the ENT Key. The Weather Information Page is shown with METAR and TAF text. 4) Use the FMS Knob or the ENT Key to scroll through the METAR and TAF text. METAR text must be completely scrolled through before scrolling through the TAF text. 5) Press the FMS Knob or the CLR Key to return to the XM Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying original METAR text on the Active Flight Plan Page: 1) Select the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight a waypoint with an available METAR (indicated with a METAR flag next to it). The METAR text will appear in the ‘SELECTED WAYPOINT WEATHER’ window below. 4) When finished, press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor or press the FPL Key to exit the Active Flight Plan Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-27 Surface Analysis Data - 24-Hour Displaying Surface Analysis and City Forecast information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the SFC Softkey. 4) Select the desired forecast time: CURRENT, 12 HR, 24 HR, 36 HR, or 48 HR. The SFC Softkey label changes to reflect the forecast time selected.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE FREEZING LEVEL The Freezing Level weather product (Figure 6-29) shows the color-coded contour lines for the altitude and location at which the first isotherm is found. When no data is displayed for a given altitude, the data for that altitude has not been received, or is out of date and has been removed from the display. New data appears when it becomes available. Figure 6-29 Freezing Level Data Displaying Freezing Level information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE WINDS ALOFT The Winds Aloft weather product (Figure 6-31) shows the forecast wind speed and direction at the surface and at selected altitudes. Altitude can be displayed in 3000-foot increments beginning at the surface up to 42,000 feet MSL. Displaying the Winds Aloft weather product: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page with the FMS Knob. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the WIND Softkey. 4) Select the desired altitude level: SFC (surface) up to 42,000 feet.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Headwind and tailwind components aloft are available inside the Profile View on the Navigation Map Page (Figure 6-33). The displayed components are relative to current aircraft altitude and track, but not to aircraft speed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Showing/Hiding Profile View (containing winds aloft data) 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Select the PROFILE Softkey. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘Show Profile View’ or ‘Hide Profile View’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key. Winds Aloft data inside the Profile View is enabled by default when the Profile View is displayed on the Navigation Map Page. This behavior can be changed on the Navigation Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE COUNTY WARNINGS The County warning weather product (Figure 6-37) provides specific public awareness and protection weather warnings from the National Weather Service (NWS). This can include information on tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, and flood conditions.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE CYCLONE The Cyclone weather product (Figure 6-39) shows the current location of cyclones (hurricanes), tropical storms, and their projected tracks. The system displays the projected track information in the form of DD/HH:MM. Cyclone Figure 6-39 Cyclone Data Selected for Display Displaying cyclone (hurricane) track information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page with the FMS Knob. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the CYCLONE Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE ICING (CIP & SLD) The Current Icing Product (CIP) weather product (Figure 6-41) shows a graphical view of the current icing environment. Icing severity is displayed in four categories: light, moderate, severe, and extreme (not specific to aircraft type). The CIP product is not a forecast, but a presentation of the current conditions at the time of the analysis.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE TURBULENCE The Turbulence weather product (Figure 6-43) identifies the potential for erratic movement of high-altitude air mass associated winds. Turbulence is classified as light, moderate, severe or extreme, at altitudes between 21,000 and 45,000 feet. Turbulence information is intended to supplement AIRMETs, SIGMETs, and PIREPs. Displaying Turbulence data: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the TURB Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE PIREPS AND AIREPS Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs) (Figure 6-45) are in-flight weather observations collected from pilots. When significant weather conditions are reported or forecast, Air Traffic Control (ATC) facilities are required to solicit PIREPs. A PIREP may contain adverse weather conditions, such as low in-flight visibility, icing conditions, wind shear, and turbulence. PIREPs are issued as either Routine (UA) or Urgent (UUA). Another type of PIREP is an Air Report (AIREP).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Decoded PIREP Text Original PIREP Text Figure 6-46 PIREP Text on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page To display the PIREP or AIREP legend (Figure 6-47), select the LEGEND Softkey when PIREPs or AIREPs are selected for display. The PIREP color is determined by the type (routine or urgent). Figure 6-47 AIREPs & PIREPs Legend TFRS In the United States, the FAA issues Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) to designate areas where flight is restricted.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE TFR Summary Data TFR Selected with Map Pointer Figure 6-48 TFR Data on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page Displaying TFR Data: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page or Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the Joystick and pan the map pointer over a TFR to highlight it. The system displays TFR summary information above the map. 3) Press the ENT Key. The system displays a pop-up menu. 4) If necessary, turn the FMS Knob to select ‘Review Airspaces’ and press the ENT Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The setup menus for the Navigation Map Page control the map range settings above which TFR data is decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than the TFR product map range setting is selected, the TFR product data is removed from the map. Maps other than the Navigation Map Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page. Setting up and customizing TFR data for maps on which TFR data can be displayed: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the MENU Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.2 AIRBORNE COLOR WEATHER RADAR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The Garmin GWX 70 Airborne Color Weather Radar is a solid-state pulsed radar with forty watts of output power. The radar combines excellent range and adjustable scanning profiles with a high-definition target display. The GWX 70 has an effective pulse length of 27.31 microseconds (µs), and the system optimizes the pulse length to maximize resolution at each range setting.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Both systems use colors to identify the different echo intensities, but the colors are not interchangeable. Airborne color radar values used by Garmin Airborne Color Weather Radar should not be confused with NEXRAD radar values. ANTENNA BEAM ILLUMINATION The radar beam is much like the beam of a spotlight. The further the beam travels, the wider it becomes. The radar is only capable of seeing what is inside the boundaries of the beam.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE RADAR SIGNAL ATTENUATION The phenomenon of radar signal attenuation affects the operation of weather radar. When the radar signal is transmitted, it is progressively absorbed and scattered, making the signal weaker. This weakening, or attenuation, is caused by two primary sources, distance and precipitation. Attenuation because of distance is due to the fact that the radar energy leaving the antenna is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-55 Precipitation Type and Reflectivity Ground Returns The intensity of ground target returns depends upon the angle at which the radar beam strikes the ground target (Angle of Incidence) and the reflective properties of that target. The gain can be adjusted so shorelines, rivers, lakes, and cities are well-defined. Increasing the gain too much causes the display to fill in between targets, thus obscuring some landmarks. Cities normally provide a strong return signal.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-56 Angle of Incidence A smaller incident angle gives the radar a larger detectable range of operation and the target display shows a higher intensity. Since more radar energy is reflected back to the antenna with a low incident angle, the resulting detectable range is increased for mountainous terrain. SAFE OPERATING DISTANCE The following information establishes a minimum safe distance from the antenna for personnel near operating weather radar.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE BASIC ANTENNA TILT SETUP The following discussion is a simple method for setting up the weather radar antenna tilt for most situations. It is not to be considered an all encompassing setup that works in all situations, but this method does provide good overall parameters for the monitoring of threats. Ultimately, it is desired to have the antenna tilted so that the bottom of the radar beam is four degrees below parallel with the ground.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE displayed at 10 nm would have a maximum distance below the aircraft of 4,000 feet. When the ground target return moves to 5 nm, maximum distance below the aircraft is 2,000 feet. This setup provides a good starting point for practical use of the GWX 70. There are many other factors to consider in order to become proficient at using weather radar in all situations.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Squall Line Steep Gradient Hook or Finger Scalloped Edge Figure 6-59 Cell Irregularities Thunderstorm development is rapid. A course may become blocked within a short time. When displaying shorter ranges, periodically select a longer range to see if problems are developing further out. That can help prevent getting trapped in a blind alley or an area that is closed at one end by convective weather.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Tornadoes There are no conclusive radar target return characteristics which identify a tornado. However, tornadoes may be present if the following characteristics are observed: • A narrow, finger-like portion extends and in a short time curls into a hook and closes on itself.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE OPERATION IN WEATHER MODE WARNING: Begin transmitting only when it is safe to do so. When transmitting while the aircraft is on the ground, no personnel or objects should be within 11 feet of the antenna. CAUTION: In Standby mode, the antenna is parked at the center line. It is always a good idea to put the radar in Standby mode before taxiing the aircraft to prevent the antenna from bouncing on the bottom stop and possibly causing damage to the radar assembly.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-63 Confirming Activating Radar b) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight YES and press the ENT Key to continue radar activation. Or: If the aircraft is airborne, select the WEATHER Softkey. The radar begins transmitting. 4) Turn the Joystick to select the desired map range. 5) The horizontal scan is initially displayed (Figure 6-62). If desired, select the VERTICAL Softkey to change to vertical scanning.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Scan Line Bearing Line Figure 6-64 Bearing Line on Horizontal Scan 4) Select the VERTICAL Softkey. A vertical scan of the selected area is now displayed (Figure 6-65). 5) The small FMS Knob may be used to move the scanned bearing line a few degrees right or left. 6) Turn the Joystick to adjust the range. 7) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-65 Vertical Scan Display Adjusting Antenna Tilt Angle In order to make an accurate interpretation of a storm cell, the radar beam should be pointed at the wet part of the weather cell to record the proper rainfall intensity (color level). The ideal aiming point is just below the freezing level of the storm. The best way to find this point is to use the Vertical Scan feature.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Tilt Line Scan Line Figure 6-66 Adjusting Tilt on Vertical Scan Display Adjusting Gain WARNING: Changing the gain in weather mode causes precipitation intensity to be displayed as a color not representative of the true intensity. Remember to return the gain setting to Calibrated for viewing the actual intensity of precipitation. 1) Select the GAIN Softkey to activate the cursor in the GAIN field. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to adjust the gain for the desirable level.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Manual Gain Set Below Calibrated Calibrated Gain Figure 6-67 Gain Calibration Sector Scan 1) While in horizontal scan mode, select the BRG Softkey to display the Bearing Line and place the cursor in the BEARING field. If the Bearing Line is not displayed, press the MENU Key and turn the large FMS Knob to select Show Bearing Line. 2) Press the ENT Key. Figure 6-68 Selecting Sector Scan Position 356 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to place the Bearing Line in the desired position. The location of the Bearing Line becomes the center point of the Sector Scan. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the SECTOR SCAN field. 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight the desired scan. Selecting ‘FULL’ enables a 120º scan. 6) If desired, readjust the Bearing Line as discussed previously to change the center of the Sector Scan.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE return intensity. The more energy that dissipates, the lesser the displayed intensity of the return. Accuracy of the displayed intensity of returns located in the shaded areas are suspect. Make maneuvering decisions with this information in mind. Proper antenna tilt management should still be employed to determine the extent of attenuation in a shaded area. To activate or deactivate the WATCH™ feature, select the WATCH Softkey. Displayed intensity is questionable.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Weather Alert Targets Figure 6-71 Weather Alert Targets on the Weather Radar Page To enable or disable the Weather Alerts which appear in the Alerts Window on the PFD, select the WX ALRT Softkey. The system continues to display weather alert target bands on the Weather Radar Page even if the PFD alert message is disabled. Figure 6-72 Weather Alert on PFD 190-00663-03 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE GROUND MAPPING AND INTERPRETATION A secondary use of the weather radar system is for the presentation of terrain. This can be a useful tool for verifying aircraft position. A picture of the ground is represented much like a topographical map that can be used as a supplement to the navigation map on the MFD. Ground Map mode uses a different gain range than Weather mode. Different colors are also used to represent the intensity levels.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.3 STORMSCOPE WARNING: Do not rely on information from the lightning detection system display as the sole basis for hazardous weather avoidance. Range limitations and interference may cause the system to display inaccurate or incomplete information. Refer to documentation from the lightning detection system manufacturer for detailed information about the system.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SETTING UP STORMSCOPE ON THE NAVIGATION MAP Setting up Stormscope options on the Navigation Map: 1) On the Navigation Map Page, press the MENU Key. 2) With ‘Map Setup’ selected (Figure 6-73), press the ENT Key. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the group selection window. Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘Weather’, and press the ENT Key. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight and move between the product selections (Figure 6-74).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE CELL AND STRIKE MODE ON THE NAVIGATION MAP On the Navigation Map, cell mode identifies cells of lightning activity (Figure 6-75). Stormscope identifies clusters of electrical activity that indicate cells. Strike mode indicates the approximate location of lightning strikes. Selecting the ‘cell’ or ‘strike’ mode on the Navigation Map: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) With ‘Map Setup’ selected, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-73). 3) Select the ‘Weather’ group. 4) Press the ENT Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-76 Navigation Map Page Options Menu ZOOM RANGE ON THE NAVIGATION MAP Stormscope lightning data can be displayed up to 800 nm zoom range (in North Up orientation) on the Navigation Map Page. However, in Track Up orientation at the 500 nm range, a portion of Stormscope lightning data can be behind the aircraft and therefore not visible on the Navigation Map.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SELECTING THE STORMSCOPE PAGE Stormscope lightning data can be displayed at the ranges of 25 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, and 200 nm. Adjusting the Stormscope Map Range: 1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Stormscope Page. 3) To change the map range, turn the Joystick clockwise to zoom out or counter-clockwise to zoom in. Figure 6-78 Stormscope Page Changing between ‘cell’ and ‘strike’ mode: 1) Select the Stormscope Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Manually clearing Stormscope data (on the Stormscope Page): 1) Select the Stormscope Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Select ‘Clear Lightning Data’ (Figure 6-79). 4) Press the ENT Key. Or: 1) Select the Stormscope Page. 2) Select the CLEAR Softkey. Figure 6-79 Navigation Map Page Options Menu Changing the viewing mode between 360˚ and 120˚: 1) Select the Stormscope Page. 2) Press the VIEW Softkey. The 360 and ARC softkeys are displayed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.4 TAWS-B WARNING: Do not use TAWS-B information for primary terrain avoidance. TAWS-B is intended only to enhance situational awareness. NOTE: Terrain data is not displayed if the aircraft is out of the installed terrain database coverage area. NOTE: The data contained in the TAWS-B databases comes from government agencies. Garmin accurately processes and cross-validates the data but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE DISPLAYING TAWS-B DATA TAWS-B uses yellow (caution) and red (warning) to depict terrain and obstacles (with heights greater than 200 feet above ground level, AGL) alerts relative to aircraft altitude. Colors are adjusted automatically as the aircraft altitude changes. The colors and symbols in figure and tables below are used to represent terrain, obstacles, and potential impact points.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying terrain and obstacle information (maps other than the TAWS-B Page): 1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, press the INSET Softkey). 2) Select the TERRAIN Softkey to display terrain and obstacle data. When TAWS-B is selected on maps other than the TAWS-B Page, an icon to indicate the feature is enabled for display and a legend for TAWS-B terrain colors are shown (Figure 6-87). The legend appears without the icon on the TAWS-B Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-81 Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 6-82 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-83 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Map Group TAWS-B PAGE The TAWS-B Page is specialized to show terrain, obstacle, and potential impact point data in relation to the aircraft’s current altitude, without clutter from the basemap. It is the principal page for viewing TAWS-B information. Aviation data (airports, VORs, and other NAVAIDs) can be enabled for reference.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Changing the TAWS-B Page view: 1) Select the VIEW Softkey. 2) Select the 360 or ARC Softkey to select the desired view. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Select ‘View Arc or ‘View 360º’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key to change the view Showing/hiding aviation information on the TAWS-B Page: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Select ‘Show Aviation Data’ or ‘Hide Aviation Data’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Current Aircraft GPSderived GSL Altitude Red Terrain (Warning - Terrain Above or Within 100’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Yellow Terrain (Caution - Terrain Between 100’ and 1000’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Arc Range Black Terrain (Terrain More than 1000’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Red Lighted Obstacle is Above or Within 100’ Below Aircraft Altitude Terrain Legend Annunciation Window Figure 6-85 TAWS-B Page (ARC View) TAWS-B ALERTS Alerts are issued when flight conditions meet par
HAZARD AVOIDANCE PFD Alert Annunciation MFD PopUp Alert Figure 6-86 TAWS-B Alert Annunciations Terrain Display Enabled Terrain Legend Alert Annunciation Figure 6-87 Navigation Map Page with Terrain data (After removing TAWS-B Pop-Up alert) 190-00663-03 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Alert Type PFD/MFD** Alert Annunciation MFD Pop-Up Alert (except TAWS-B Page) Voice Alert Excessive Descent Rate Warning (EDR) “Pull-Up” Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Warning (RTC) * “Terrain, Terrain; Pull-Up, Pull-Up”* or “Terrain Ahead, Pull-Up; Terrain Ahead, Pull-Up” * “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull-Up, Pull-Up”* or “Obstacle Ahead, Pull-Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pull-Up” * “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull-Up, Pull-Up”* or “Obstacle Ahead, Pull-Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pull-Up” * “Caution
HAZARD AVOIDANCE EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE ALERT The purpose of the Excessive Descent Rate (EDR) alert is to provide suitable notification when the aircraft is determined to be closing (descending) upon terrain at an excessive speed. Figure 6-87 shows the parameters for the alert as defined by TSO-C151b.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Required Terrain Clearance RTC Level (FT) RTC Descending (FT) 800 Required Terrain Clearance (FT) Required Terrain Clearance (FT) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Distance From Runway (NM) Distance From Runway (NM) Figure 6-89 FLTA Alert Minimum Terrain and Obstacle Clearance Values The system automatically suppresses FLTA alerts from occurring under any of the following conditions: • The aircraft is less than 200 feet above the destination elevation and
HAZARD AVOIDANCE PDA and FLTA visual annunciations and voice alerts can be manually inhibited. Discretion should be used when inhibiting TAWS-B and the system should be enabled when appropriate. When TAWS-B is inhibited, the alert annunciation ‘TAWS INH’ is shown on the PFD and MFD (Figure 6-91). Figure 6-91 TAWS-B Alerting Disabled (TAWS-B Inhibited) Annunciation Inhibiting/enabling TAWS-B alerting: 1) Select the TAWS-B Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 1000 Height Above Terrain (Feet) 900 800 700 600 “DON’T SINK” or “TOO LOW, TERRAIN” 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Altitude Loss (Feet) Figure 6-92 Negative Climb Rate (NCR) Altitude Loss 1000 Height Above Terrain (Feet) 900 800 700 600 “DON’T SINK” or “TOO LOW, TERRAIN” 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 Sink Rate (FPM) Figure 6-93 Negative Climb Rate (NCR) Sink Rate SYSTEM STATUS Dur
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-94 TAWS-B Page Menu TAWS-B continually monitors several system-critical items such as database validity, hardware status, and GPS status. If the terrain/obstacle database is not available, the voice alert “TAWS System Failure” is generated along with the ‘TAWS FAIL’ visual annunciation. TAWS-B requires a 3-D GPS navigation solution along with specific vertical accuracy minimums.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.5 PROFILE VIEW TERRAIN The G1000 offers a Profile View of terrain and obstacles relative to the aircraft’s current flight path and altitude on the Navigation Map Page of the MFD. The Profile View feature is not part of the TAWS system discussed previously, and it does not provide alerting capabilities. The colors and symbols in Figure 6-95 and Table 6-16 are used to represent terrain and obstacles inside the Profile View Window.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Enabling/Disabling Profile View Terrain on the Navigation Map (when Profile View is enabled): 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Select the MAP Softkey. 3) Select the TERRAIN Softkey. PROFILE VIEW DISPLAY When the Profile View is enabled, it is displayed in a window below the Navigation Map. Altitude is shown along a vertical scale, with an aircraft icon positioned at the current altitude.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE profile range. The width of the Profile View is determined by the phase of flight, and is widest during enroute or oceanic phases (Table 6-11). Flight Phase Total Profile View Width Approach 0.6 nm Departure 0.6 nm Terminal 2.0 nm Enroute 4.0 nm Oceanic 4.0 nm Table 6-11 Profile View Width Scale PROFILE PATH The Profile Path displays the horizontal and lateral boundaries of the Profile View.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-97 Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 6-98 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu 190-00663-03 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.6 TRAFFIC INFORMATION SERVICE (TIS) WARNING: Do not rely solely upon the display of traffic information to accurately depict all of the traffic information within range of the aircraft. Due to lack of equipment, poor signal reception, and/or inaccurate information from other aircraft, traffic may be present but not represented on the displays. NOTE: TIS is available only when the aircraft is within the service volume of a TIS-capable terminal radar site.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE DISPLAYING TRAFFIC DATA The Map - Traffic Map Page is the principal map page for viewing TIS traffic information. Traffic information can also be displayed on the following maps (when TIS is operating) as an additional reference to the Traffic Map Page. • PFD Inset Map • Nearest Pages • Navigation Map Page • Active Flight Plan Page • Trip Planning Page Traffic information is also displayed on the PFD when the Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) option is installed and enabled.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying traffic information (PFD Inset Map): 1) Select the INSET Softkey. 2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey to display traffic data on the inset map (TRFC-1). 3) Select the softkey again to display the traffic-only inset (TRFC-2). 4) Select the softkey again to remove traffic data. The Navigation Map Page Setup Menu provides a means in addition to the softkey for enabling/disabling display of traffic.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-101 Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 6-102 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-103 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Traffic Group TRAFFIC MAP PAGE The Traffic Map Page is specialized to show surrounding TIS traffic data in relation to the aircraft’s current position and altitude, without clutter from the basemap. Aircraft orientation on this map is always heading up unless there is no valid heading.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Traffic Mode Annunciation Traffic Map Page Orientation “TIS Not Available” Voice Alert Status Traffic Map Range Rings Non-Threat Traffic, 2500’ Above, Descending Traffic Advisory, 500’ Below, Climbing “Non-Bearing” Traffic (TIS Unable to Determine Bearing) Distance is 4.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Inset Map Displays When TA is Detected Figure 6-105 Traffic Annunciation (PFD) A “TIS Not Available” (TNA) voice alert is generated when the TIS service becomes unavailable or is out of range. TIS may be unavailable in the radar coverage area due to the following: • Radar site TIS Mode S sensor is not operational or is out of service • Traffic or requesting aircraft is beyond the maximum range of the TIS-capable Mode S radar site.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM STATUS The G1000 performs an automatic test of TIS during power-up. If TIS passes the test, TIS enters Standby Mode (on the ground) or Operating Mode (in the air). If TIS fails the power up test, an annunciation is shown in the center of the Traffic Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The traffic mode is annunciated in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page. When the aircraft is on the ground, TIS automatically enters Standby Mode. If traffic is selected for display on another map while Standby Mode is selected, the traffic display enabled icon is crossed out (also the case whenever TIS has failed). Once the aircraft is airborne, TIS switches to Operating Mode and traffic information is displayed. The mode can be changed manually using softkeys or the page menu.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Traffic Status Banner Annunciation TA OFF SCALE TA X.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.7 L-3 SKYWATCH TRAFFIC WARNING: Do not rely solely upon the display of traffic information to accurately depict all of the traffic information within range of the aircraft. Due to lack of equipment, poor signal reception, and/or inaccurate information from other aircraft, traffic may be present but not represented on the displays. NOTE: TIS is disabled when a TAS or Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is installed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE OPERATION The unit must be in operating mode for traffic to be displayed. The ability to switch from standby to operating mode on the ground is especially useful for scanning the airspace around the airport before takeoff. Switching from standby mode to operating mode: 1) On the Traffic Page, select the OPERATE Softkey or press the MENU Key and turn the small FMS knob to select Operating Mode. 2) If using the FMS menu, press the ENT Key to place the TAS in the operating mode.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Operating Mode Altitude Mode Non-Threat Traffic, 2500’ Above, Descending Traffic Advisory, Aircraft is 500’ Below, Climbing Traffic Display Range Rings “No Bearing” Traffic (Bearing Undetermined), Distance 4.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Non-Threat Traffic, 2500’ Above, Descending Traffic Advisory, 500’ Below, Climbing Proximity Traffic, 900’ Above, Level Non-Threat Traffic, Altitude Not Available Traffic Advisory Off-Scale Traffic Display Enabled Icon “Non-Bearing” Traffic Advisory Figure 6-108 TAS Traffic on the Navigation Map Page Displaying traffic information (PFD Inset Map): 1) Select the INSET Softkey. 2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey to display traffic data on the inset map (TRFC-1).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE ALTITUDE DISPLAY Changing the altitude display mode: 1) On the Traffic Page, select the ALT MODE Softkey. 2) Select one of the following Softkeys: • BELOW • NORMAL • ABOVE • UNREST (unrestricted) 3) To return to the Traffic Page, select the BACK Softkey. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select one of the following: • BELOW • NORMAL • ABOVE • UNREST (unrestricted) 3) Press the ENT Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Customizing the traffic display on the Navigation Map Page: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With Map Setup highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-109). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Traffic Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-110). 5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through the selections (Figure 6-111).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE TAS ALERTS NOTE: Refer to the TAS documentation for information on alerts generated by the TAS equipment. When the number of TAs on the Traffic Map Page increases from one scan to the next, the following occur: • A “Traffic, Traffic” voice alert is generated. • A TRAFFIC Annunciation appears at the top right of the airspeed on the PFD, flashing for 5 seconds and remaining displayed until no TAs are detected in the area.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE If the unit fails, an annunciation as to the cause of the failure is shown in the center of the Traffic Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.8 HONEYWELL KTA 870 TRAFFIC WARNING: Do not rely solely upon the display of traffic information to accurately depict all of the traffic information within range of the aircraft. Due to lack of equipment, poor signal reception, and/or inaccurate information from other aircraft, traffic may be present but not represented on the displays. NOTE: TIS is disabled when a TAS is installed. NOTE: Refer to the Honeywell® KTA 870 Pilot’s Guide for a detailed discussion of the KTA 870 TAS.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE OPERATION The KTA 870 must be in Operating Mode for traffic to be displayed. The unit starts in Operating Mode upon power-up. Selecting the STANDBY Softkey forces the unit into Standby Mode. Selecting the NORMAL Softkey allows the KTA 870 to switch from Standby Mode to Operating Mode as necessary. Switching from operating mode to standby mode: On the Traffic Page, select the STANDBY Softkey Or: 1) Press the MENU Key and turn the small FMS knob to select Standby Mode.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Operating Mode Altitude Mode Non-Threat Traffic, 2500’ Above, Descending Traffic Advisory, Aircraft is 500’ Below, Climbing Traffic Display Range Rings “No Bearing” Traffic (Bearing Undetermined), Distance 4.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying traffic on the Navigation Map 1) Ensure the TAS system is operating. With the Navigation Map displayed, select the MAP Softkey. 2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey. Traffic is now displayed on the map as shown in the figure.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE ALTITUDE DISPLAY The flight crew can select the volume of airspace for which traffic is displayed. Traffic Advisories (TAs) outside of these limits will still be shown. Refer to the KTA 870 Pilot’s Guide for specific display thresholds. Changing the altitude display mode: 1) On the Traffic Page, select the ALT MODE Softkey. 2) Select one of the following Softkeys: • BELOW • NORMAL • ABOVE • UNREST (unrestricted) 3) To return to the Traffic Page, select the BACK Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Customizing the traffic display on the Navigation Map Page: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With Map Setup highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-115). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Traffic Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-116). 5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through the selections (Figure 6-117).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The Navigation Map Page Setup Menu also controls the display of traffic. The setup menu controls the map range settings. Traffic data symbols and labels can be decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than the map range setting is selected, the data is removed from the map. Maps besides the Traffic Map Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM STATUS The traffic mode is annunciated in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SECTION 7 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.1 AFCS OVERVIEW NOTE: The approved Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) always supersedes this Pilot’s Guide. The Garmin AFCS is a digital Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), fully integrated within the G1000 System avionics architecture. The System Overview section provides a block diagram to support this system description.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM AFCS CONTROL UNIT The AFCS Control Unit is positioned above the MFD, and has the following controls: HDG Key APR Key Selects/deselects Heading Select Mode 4 NAV Key FD Key 5 XFR Key Selects/deselects Navigation Mode Activates/deactivates the flight director only Pressing once turns on the selected flight director in the default vertical and lateral modes. Pressing again deactivates the flight director and removes the Command Bars.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ADDITIONAL AFCS CONTROLS The following AFCS controls are located separately from the AFCS Control Unit: AP/YD DISC TRIM Disengages the autopilot, yaw damper, and flight director and interrupts pitch trim operation INTRPT Switch (Autopilot An AP/YD DISC Switch is located on each control wheel. Disconnect/Trim This switch may be used to acknowledge an autopilot disconnect alert and mute the Interrupt) associated aural tone.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM BASIC AUTOPILOT OPERATION This section provides an overview for autopilot engagement and disengagement. A more detailed description follows in Section 7.5. • Autopilot Engagement — The autopilot may be engaged by pushing the AP Key on the AFCS Control Unit. Annunciations regarding the engagement are indicated on the PFD.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.2 FLIGHT DIRECTOR OPERATION The flight director function provides pitch and roll commands to the AFCS and displays them on the PFDs. With the flight director active, the aircraft can be hand-flown to follow the path shown by the Command Bars. Maximum commanded pitch (−15°, +20°) and roll (25°) angles, vertical acceleration, and roll rate are limited to values established during AFCS certification. The flight director also provides commands to the autopilot.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM AFCS STATUS BOX Flight director mode annunciations are displayed on the PFDs when the flight director is active. Flight director selection and autopilot and yaw damper statuses are shown in the center of the AFCS Status Box. Lateral flight director modes are displayed on the left and vertical on the right. Armed modes are displayed in white and active in green.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES Flight director modes are normally selected independently for the pitch and roll axes. Unless otherwise specified, all mode keys are alternate action (i.e., press on, press off). In the absence of specific mode selection, the flight director reverts to the default pitch and/or roll modes. Mode keys on the AFCS controller are accompanied by annunciator lights (Figure 7-1) which are illuminated when their respective modes are armed or active.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM COMMAND BARS Upon activation of the flight director, Command Bars are displayed in magenta on the PFDs as a single cue or cross pointers. The Aircraft Symbol (in yellow) changes to accommodate the Command Bar format; the Command Bars do not override the Aircraft Symbol. The single-cue Command Bars (Figure 7-5) move together vertically to indicate pitch commands and bank left or right to indicate roll commands.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM UNDERSPEED PROTECTION Underspeed Protection is available when the optional Electronic Stability and Protection (ESP) system is installed and the autopilot is on. It is designed to discourage aircraft operation below minimum established airspeeds. When aircraft airspeed reaches 100 knots IAS, a yellow MINSPD annunciation (Figure 7-7) will appear above the airspeed indicator.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM When airspeed increases (as a result of adding power/thrust) to above the IAS at which stall warning turns off, plus two knots, the autopilot will cause the aircraft to pitch up until recapturing the vertical reference and the vertical and lateral flight director modes will change from armed to active.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.3 VERTICAL MODES Table 7-2 lists the vertical modes with their corresponding controls and annunciations. The mode reference is displayed next to the active mode annunciation for Altitude Hold, Vertical Speed, and Flight Level Change modes. The NOSE UP/DN Wheel can be used to change the vertical mode reference while operating under Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, or Flight Level Change Mode.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM PITCH HOLD MODE (PIT) When the flight director is activated (the FD Key is pressed) or switched (the XFR Key is pressed), Pitch Hold Mode is selected by default. Pitch Hold Mode is indicated as the active vertical mode by the ‘PIT’ annunciation. This mode may be used for climb or descent to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter), since Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed when Pitch Hold Mode is activated.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SELECTED ALTITUDE CAPTURE MODE (ALTS) Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed with activation of the following modes: • Pitch Hold • Takeoff/Go Around (if the Selected Altitude is at least 400 feet above the current aircraft altitude) • Vertical Speed • Vertical Path Tracking (if the Selected Altitude is to be captured instead of the VNV Target Altitude) • Flight Level Change The white ‘ALTS’ annunciation indicates Selected Altitude Capture Mode is armed
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ALTITUDE HOLD MODE (ALT) Altitude Hold Mode can be activated by pressing the ALT Key; the flight director maintains the current aircraft altitude (to the nearest 10 feet) as the Altitude Reference. The flight director’s Altitude Reference, shown in the AFCS Status Box, is independent of the Selected Altitude, displayed above the Altimeter. Altitude Hold Mode active is indicated by a green ‘ALT’ annunciation in the AFCS Status Box.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM VERTICAL SPEED MODE (VS) In Vertical Speed Mode, the flight director acquires and maintains a Vertical Speed Reference. Current aircraft vertical speed (to the nearest 100 fpm) becomes the Vertical Speed Reference at the moment of Vertical Speed Mode activation. This mode may be used for climb or descent to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter) since Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed when Vertical Speed Mode is selected.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FLIGHT LEVEL CHANGE MODE (FLC) NOTE: The Selected Altitude should be set before selecting Flight Level Change Mode. Flight Level Change Mode is selected by pressing the FLC Key. This mode acquires and maintains the Airspeed Reference (in IAS or Mach) while climbing or descending to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter). When Flight Level Change Mode is active, the flight director continuously monitors Selected Altitude, airspeed, Mach, and altitude.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Flight Level Change Mode Active Airspeed Reference Selected Altitude Capture Mode Armed Airspeed Reference Airspeed Reference Bug Command Bars Indicate Climb to Attain Selected Altitude Figure 7-15 Flight Level Change Mode (IAS) Flight Level Change Mode Active Airspeed Reference (Mach) Selected Altitude Capture Mode Armed Airspeed Reference (Mach) Airspeed Reference Bug Command Bars Indicate Climb to attain Selected Altitude Figure 7-16 Flight Level Change Mode (Ma
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM VERTICAL NAVIGATION MODES (VPTH, ALTV) NOTE: VNV is disabled when parallel track or Dead Reckoning Mode is active. NOTE: The Selected Altitude takes precedence over any other vertical constraints. Vertical Navigation (VNV) flight control is available for enroute/terminal cruise and descent operations any time that VNV flight planning is available. Refer to the GPS Navigation Section for more information on VNV flight plans.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Prior to descent path interception, the Selected Altitude must be set below the current aircraft altitude by at least 75 feet.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM When a descent leg is captured (i.e., vertical deviation becomes valid), Vertical Path Tracking becomes active and tracks the descent profile (Figure 7-19). An altitude capture mode (‘ALTS’ or ‘ALTV’) is armed as appropriate.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Automatic Reversion to Pitch Hold Mode Several situations can occur while Vertical Path Tracking Mode is active which cause the flight director to revert to Pitch Hold Mode: • Vertical deviation exceeds 200 feet during an overspeed condition. • Vertical deviation experiences a discontinuity that both exceeds 200 feet in magnitude and results in the vertical deviation exceeding 200 feet in magnitude.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM VNV TARGET ALTITUDE CAPTURE MODE (ALTV) NOTE: Armed VNV Target Altitude and Selected Altitude capture modes are mutually exclusive. However, Selected Altitude Capture Mode is armed implicitly (not annunciated) whenever VNV Target Altitude Capture Mode is armed. VNV Target Altitude Capture is analogous to Selected Altitude Capture Mode and is armed automatically after the VNV Key is pressed and the next VNV Target Altitude is to be intercepted before the Selected Altitude.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM GLIDEPATH MODE (GP) Glidepath Mode is used to track the SBAS-based and baro VNAV glidepaths. When Glidepath Mode is armed, ‘GP’ is annunciated in white in the AFCS Status Box. Selecting Glidepath Mode: 1) Ensure a GPS approach with vertical guidance (LPV, LNAV/VNAV, LNAV +V) is loaded into the active flight plan. The active waypoint must be part of the flight plan (cannot be a direct-to a waypoint not in the flight plan).
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM GPS Approach Mode Active GPS is Selected Navigation Source LNAV/VNAV Approach Active Glidepath Mode Active Command Bars Indicate Descent on Glidepath Figure 7-23 Glidepath Mode 432 Glidepath Indicator Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM GLIDESLOPE MODE (GS) Glideslope Mode is available for LOC/ILS approaches to capture and track the glideslope. When Glideslope Mode is armed (annunciated as ‘GS’ in white), LOC Approach Mode is armed as the lateral flight director mode. Selecting Glideslope Mode: 1) Ensure a valid localizer frequency is tuned. 2) Ensure that LOC is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if necessary). 3) Press the APR Key.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM TAKEOFF (TO) AND GO AROUND (GA) MODES Go Around and Takeoff modes are coupled pitch and roll modes and are annunciated as both the vertical and lateral modes when active. In these modes, the flight director commands a constant set pitch attitude and keeps the wings level. The GA Button is used to select both modes. The mode entered by the flight director depends on whether the aircraft is on the ground. Takeoff Mode provides an attitude reference during rotation and takeoff.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM LEVEL MODE (LVL) Level (LVL) mode becomes active only as a function of Electronic Stability and Protection (ESP). Refer to the Additional Features section for a detailed discussion of the optional ESP feature. When the normal flight envelope thresholds have been exceeded for more than 50% of the last 20 seconds, Level mode is activated.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.4 LATERAL MODES The following table relates each Garmin AFCS lateral mode to its respective control and annunciation. Refer to the vertical modes section for information regarding Go Around and Takeoff modes.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ROLL HOLD MODE (ROL) NOTE: If Roll Hold Mode is activated as a result of a mode reversion, the flight director rolls the wings level. When the flight director is activated or switched, Roll Hold Mode is selected by default. This mode is annunciated as ‘ROL’ in the AFCS Status Box. The current aircraft bank angle is held, subject to the bank angle condition.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM HEADING SELECT MODE (HDG) Heading Select Mode is activated by pressing the HDG Key. Heading Select Mode acquires and maintains the Selected Heading. The Selected Heading is shown by a light blue bug on the HSI and in the box to the upper left of the HSI. CHANGING THE SELECTED HEADING NOTE: Pressing the HDG Knob synchronizes the Selected Heading to the current heading. The Selected Heading is adjusted using the HDG Knob on either PFD.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM NAVIGATION MODES (GPS, VOR, LOC) NOTE: The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC signal or active GPS course for the flight director to enter Navigation Mode. Pressing the NAV Key selects Navigation Mode. Navigation Mode acquires and tracks the selected navigation source (GPS, VOR, LOC). The flight director follows GPS roll steering commands when GPS is the selected navigation source.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM CHANGING THE SELECTED COURSE If the navigation source is VOR or localizer or OBS Mode has been enabled when using GPS, the Selected Course is controlled using the CRS Knob corresponding to the selected flight director (CRS1 for the pilot side, CRS2 for the copilot side). Pressing the CWS Button and hand-flying the aircraft does not change the Selected Course while in Navigation Mode.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM APPROACH MODES (GPS, VAPP, LOC) NOTE: The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC signal or active GPS course for the flight director to enter Approach Mode. Approach Mode is activated when the APR Key is pressed. Approach Mode acquires and tracks the selected navigation source (GPS, VOR, or LOC), depending on loaded approach. This mode uses the selected navigation receiver deviation and desired course inputs to fly the approach.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 1) Ensure that GPS is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if necessary). 2) Ensure a LOC/ILS approach is loaded into the active flight plan. 3) Ensure the corresponding LOC frequency is tuned. 4) Press the APR Key.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Backcourse Mode Active LOC2 is Selected Navigation Source Command Bars Hold Pitch Attitude Figure 7-34 Backcourse Mode CHANGING THE SELECTED COURSE If the navigation source is VOR or localizer or OBS Mode has been enabled when using GPS, the Selected Course is controlled using the CRS Knob corresponding to the selected flight director (CRS1 for the pilot side, CRS2 for the copilot side).
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.5 AUTOPILOT AND YAW DAMPER OPERATION NOTE: Refer to the POH/AFM for specific instructions regarding emergency procedures. The autopilot and yaw damper operate the flight control surface servos to provide automatic flight control. The autopilot controls the aircraft pitch and roll attitudes following commands received from the flight director. Pitch autotrim provides trim commands to the pitch trim servo to relieve any sustained effort required by the pitch servo.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ENGAGEMENT NOTE: Autopilot engagement/disengagement is not equivalent to servo engagement/disengagement. Use the CWS Button to disengage the pitch and roll servos while the autopilot remains active. When the AP Key is pressed, the autopilot, yaw damper, and flight director (if not already active) are activated and the annunciator lights on the AFCS controller for the autopilot and yaw damper are illuminated.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM DISENGAGEMENT The autopilot is manually disengaged by pushing the AP Key on the AFCS Control Unit, or the MEPT ARM Switch. Manual autopilot disengagement is indicated by a five-second flashing yellow ‘AP’ annunciation and a three-second autopilot disconnect aural alert. Figure 7-38 Manual Autopilot Disengagement Pushing the AP/YD DISC Switch or YD Key disengages both the yaw damper and the autopilot.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.6 EXAMPLE FLIGHT PLAN NOTE: The following example flight plan and diagrams (not to be used for navigation) in this section are for instructional purposes only and should be considered not current. Numbered portions of accompanying diagrams correspond to numbered procedure steps. This scenario-based set of procedures (based on the example flight plan found in the Flight Management Section) shows various Garmin AFCS modes used during a flight.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM DEPARTURE Climbing to the Selected Altitude and flying an assigned heading: 1) Before takeoff: a) Use the ALT SEL Knob to set the Selected Altitude to 12,000 feet. b) Push the GA Button to activate Takeoff Mode. The flight director Command Bars establish a pitch up attitude to follow. c) Press the AP Key to engage the autopilot in a climb, holding the pitch angle commanded in Takeoff Mode and wings level.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM HD GM od e TO M ode 3 Selected Altitude of 12,000 MSL ALT Mode 4 KMKC 2 1 VS e Mod ode M TO Figure 7-42 Departure 190-00663-03 Rev.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM INTERCEPTING A VOR RADIAL During climb-out, the autopilot continues to fly the aircraft in Heading Select Mode. Airway V4 to Salina VOR (SLN) should now be intercepted. Since the enroute flight plan waypoints correspond to VORs, flight director Navigation Mode using either VOR or GPS as the navigation source may be used. In this scenario, VOR Navigation Mode is used for navigation to the first VOR waypoint in the flight plan.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FLYING A FLIGHT PLAN/GPS COURSE NOTE: Changing the navigation source cancels Navigation Mode and causes the flight director to revert back to Roll Hold Mode (wings rolled level). As the aircraft closes on Salina VOR, GPS is used to navigate the next leg, airway V244. The aircraft is currently tracking inbound on Airway V4. Flying a GPS flight plan: 1) Transition from VOR to GPS Navigation Mode: a) Press the CDI Softkey until GPS is the selected navigation source.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM DESCENT While flying the arrival procedure, the aircraft is cleared for descent in preparation for the approach to KCOS. Three methods are presented for descent: • Flight Level Change descent – Flight Level Change Mode can be used to descend to the Selected Altitude at a constant airspeed. This descent method does not account for flight plan waypoint altitude constraints.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Vertical Path Tracking descent to VNV Target Altitude: 1) Select VNV flight control: a) Press the VNV Key to arm Vertical Path Tracking Mode. The white annunciation ‘VPTH’ appears. b) Using the ALT SEL Knob, set the Selected Altitude below the flight plan’s VNV Target Altitude of 10,000 feet.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Non-path descent using Flight Level Change Mode: 1) Using Flight Level Change Mode, command a non-path descent to an intermediate altitude above the next VNV flight plan altitude. a) Using the ALT SEL Knob, set the Selected Altitude below the current aircraft altitude to an altitude (in this case, 9,400 feet) at which to level off between VNV flight plan altitudes. b) Press the FLC Key before the planned TOD during an altitude hold while VPTH is armed.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM VP TH M od e Planned TOD 2 BOD ALT Mode 1 FL C VNAV Target Altitude of 10,000 MSL Pla nn M od e Selected Altitude of 9,400 MSL 3 ed De sce nt Pa th ALT Mode TOD 4 VP TH VNAV Target Altitude of 9,000 MSL Mo de 5 BOD ALT Mode Selected Altitude 3 nm OPSHN HABUK Figure 7-47 Non-path Descent APPROACH Flying an ILS approach: 1) Transition from GPS Navigation Mode to Heading Select Mode.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 3) There are two options available at this point, as the autopilot flies the ILS approach: • Push the AP/YD DISC Switch at the decision height and land the aircraft. • Use the GA Button to execute a missed approach. KCOS LOC APR/ GS Mode 3 PETEY 2 HD G e od M PYNON 1 GPS NAV Mode Figure 7-48 ILS Approach to KCOS 456 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Flying an RNAV GPS approach with vertical guidance: WARNING: When flying an LNAV approach (with vertical guidance) with the autopilot coupled, the aircraft will not level off at the MDA even if the MDA is set in the altitude preselect. 1) Arm flight director modes for an RNAV GPS approach with vertical guidance: a) Make sure the navigation source is set to GPS (use CDI Softkey to change navigation source). b) Select the Runway 35R LPV approach for KCOS.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM GO AROUND/MISSED APPROACH NOTE: As a result of calculations performed by the system while flying the holding pattern, the display may re-size automatically and the aircraft may not precisely track the holding pattern as depicted on the PFD and MFD. Flying a missed approach: 1) Push the GA Button at the Decision height and apply go-around power to execute a missed approach. The flight director Command Bars establish a nose-up climb to follow.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 4 MOGAL GPS NAV Mode 3 2 GA Mode KCOS 1 Figure 7-50 Go Around/Missed Approach 190-00663-03 Rev.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.7 AFCS ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS AFCS STATUS ALERTS The annunciations in Table 7-5 (listed in order of increasing priority) can appear on the PFDs above the Airspeed and Attitude indicators. Only one annunciation may occur at a time, and messages are prioritized by criticality.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM OVERSPEED PROTECTION NOTE: Overspeed protection is not active in ALT, GS or GP modes. While Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, Flight Level Change, Vertical Path Tracking, or an altitude capture mode is active, airspeed is monitored by the flight director. Pitch commands are not changed until overspeed protection becomes active.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.8 ABNORMAL OPERATION SUSPECTED AUTOPILOT MALFUNCTION NOTE: Consult the aircraft documentation for the location of circuit breakers as well as specifics that may supplement or amplify this procedure. If an autopilot failure or trim failure is suspected to have occurred, perform the following steps: 1) Firmly grasp the control wheel. 2) Press and hold the AP/YD DISC Switch. The autopilot will disconnect and power is removed from the trim motor.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SECTION 8 ADDITIONAL FEATURES NOTE: With the availability of SafeTaxi®, ChartView, or FliteCharts®, it may be necessary to carry another source of charts on-board the aircraft.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.1 SYNTHETIC VISION TECHNOLOGY WARNING: Use appropriate primary systems for navigation, and for terrain, obstacle, and traffic avoidance. SVT is intended as an aid to situational awareness only and may not provide either the accuracy or reliability upon which to solely base decisions and/or plan maneuvers to avoid terrain, obstacles, or traffic. The optional Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) is a visual enhancement to the G1000 Integrated Flight Deck.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 8-1 Synthetic Vision Imagery SVT OPERATION SVT is activated from the PFD using the softkeys located along the bottom edge of the display. Pressing the softkeys turns the related function on or off. When SVT is enabled, the pitch scale increments are reduced to 10 degrees up and 7.5 degrees down. SVT functions are displayed on three levels of softkeys. The PFD Softkey leads into the PFD function Softkeys, including synthetic vision.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES PFD SYN VIS BACK Pressing the BACK Softkey returns to the top-level softkeys. BACK PATHWAY SYN TERR HRZN HDG APTSIGNS Pressing the BACK Softkey returns to the previous level of softkeys. Figure 8-2 SVT Softkeys Activating and deactivating SVT: 1) Press the PFD Softkey. 2) Press the SYN VIS Softkey. 3) Press the SYN TERR Softkey. The SVT display will cycle on or off with the SYN TERR Softkey. Activating and deactivating Pathways: 1) Press the PFD Softkey.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SVT FEATURES Selected Altitude Airport Runway Pathways Color Matches CDI Indicating NAV Source Flight Path Marker Airplane Symbol Zero Pitch Line (ZPL) with Compass Heading Marks Synthetic Terrain SVT Softkeys Figure 8-3 SVT on the Primary Flight Display NOTE: Pathways and terrain features are not a substitute for standard course and altitude deviation information provided by the altimeter, CDI, and VDI.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selected Altitude Programmed Altitudes Figure 8-4 Programmed and Selected Altitude Pathways provide supplemental glidepath information on an active ILS, LPV, LNAV/VNAV, and some LNAV approaches. Pathways are intended as an aid to situational awareness and should not be used independent of the CDI, VDI, glide path indicator, and glide slope indicator. They are removed from the display when the selected navigation information is not available.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Descent and Approach Pathways are shown descending only for a programmed descent (Figures 8-5, 8-6). When the flight plan includes programmed descent segments, pathways are displayed along the descent path provided that the selected altitude is lower than the programmed altitude. During a Vectors-to-Final (VTF) approach transition, pathways are displayed along the final approach course inbound to the Missed Approach Point (MAP).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Missed Approach Upon activating the missed approach, pathways lead to the Missed Approach Holding Point (MAHP) and are displayed as a level path at the published altitude for the MAHP, or the selected altitude, whichever is the highest. If the initial missed approach leg is a Course-to-Altitude (CA) leg, the pathways boxes will be displayed level at the altitude published for the MAHP.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLIGHT PATH MARKER The Flight Path Marker (FPM), also known as a Velocity Vector, is displayed on the PFD at groundspeeds above 30 knots. The FPM depicts the approximate projected path of the aircraft accounting for wind speed and direction relative to the three-dimensional terrain display. The FPM is always available when the Synthetic Terrain feature is in operation.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES HORIZON HEADING The Horizon Heading is synchronized with the HSI and shows approximately 60 degrees of compass heading in 30‑degree increments on the Zero Pitch Line. Horizon Heading tick marks and digits appearing on the zero pitch line are not visible behind either the airspeed or altitude display. Horizon Heading is used for general heading awareness, and is activated and deactivated by pressing the HRZN HDG Softkey. TRAFFIC WARNING: Intruder aircraft at or below 500 ft.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES RUNWAYS WARNING: Do not use SVT runway depiction as the sole means for determining the proximity of the aircraft to the runway or for maintaining the proper approach path angle during landing. NOTE: Not all airports have runways with endpoint data in the database, therefore, these runways are not displayed. Runway data provides improved awareness of runway location with respect to the surrounding terrain.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES TAWS ALERTING Terrain alerting on the synthetic terrain display is triggered by Forward-looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA) alerts, and corresponds to the red and yellow X symbols on the Inset Map and MFD map displays. For more detailed information regarding TAWS, refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section. In some instances, a terrain or obstacle alert may be issued with no conflict shading displayed on the synthetic terrain.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Obstacles are represented on the synthetic terrain display by standard two-dimensional tower symbols found on the Inset map and MFD maps and charts. Obstacle symbols appear in the perspective view with relative height above terrain and distance from the aircraft.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES FIELD OF VIEW The PFD field of view can be represented on the MFD Navigation Map Page. Two dashed lines forming a V‑shape in front of the aircraft symbol on the map, represent the forward viewing area shown on the PFD. Configuring field of view: 1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight Map Setup and press the ENT Key.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Lines Depict PFD Field of View SVT View on the PFD Field of View on the MFD Figure 8-13 PFD and MFD Field of View Comparison 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.2 SAFETAXI SafeTaxi is an enhanced feature that gives greater map detail when viewing airports at close range. The maximum map ranges for enhanced detail are pilot configurable. When viewing at ranges close enough to show the airport detail, the map reveals taxiways with identifying letters/numbers, airport Hot Spots, and airport landmarks including ramps, buildings, control towers, and other prominent features. Resolution is greater at lower map ranges.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES During ground operations the aircraft’s position is displayed in reference to taxiways, runways, and airport features. In the example shown, the aircraft is on taxiway Bravo inside the High Alert Intersection boundary on KSFO airport. Airport Hot Spots are outlined in magenta. When panning over the airport, features such as runway holding lines and taxiways are shown at the cursor.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Configuring SafeTaxi range: 1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Map Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key. Figure 8-15 Navigation Map PAGE MENU, Map Setup Option 3) Turn the FMS Knob to select the Aviation Group and press the ENT Key. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the Aviation Group options to SAFETAXI. 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the range of distances.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SAFETAXI CYCLE NUMBER AND REVISION SafeTaxi database is revised every 56 days. SafeTaxi is always available for use after the expiration date. When turning on the system, the Power-up Page indicates whether the databases are current, out of date, or not available. SafeTaxi Database Figure 8-17 Power-up Page, SafeTaxi Database Power-up Page Display Definition Normal operation. SafeTaxi database is valid and within current cycle. SafeTaxi database has expired.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The SafeTaxi Region, Version, Cycle, Effective date and Expires date of the database cycle can also be found on the AUX - System Status page, as seen in Figure 8-18. Select the MFD1 DB Softkey to place the cursor in the DATABASE window. Scroll through the listed information by turning the FMS Knob or pressing the ENT Key until the SafeTaxi database information is shown.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Select the PFD1 DB Softkey. The softkey label will change to PFD2 DB. The DATABASE window will now display database information for PFD2. Again, scroll through the listed information by turning the FMS Knob or pressing the ENT Key until the SafeTaxi database information is shown. Refer to Updating Garmin Databases in Appendix B for instructions on revising the SafeTaxi database. Figure 8-19 illustrates possible SafeTaxi database conditions that may appear on the AUX - System Status Page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.3 CHARTVIEW The optional ChartView charts resemble the paper version of Jeppesen terminal procedures charts. The charts are displayed in full color with high-resolution. The MFD depiction shows the aircraft position on the moving map in the planview of approach charts and on airport diagrams. Airport Hot Spots are outlined in magenta.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHARTVIEW SOFTKEYS ChartView functions are displayed on three levels of softkeys. While on the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airports Page, or Flight Plan Page, selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey displays the available terminal chart and advances to the chart selection level of softkeys: CHRT OPT, CHRT, INFO, DP, STAR, APR, WX, NOTAM, and GO BACK. The chart selection softkeys shown below appear on the Airport Information Page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES TERMINAL PROCEDURES CHARTS Selecting Terminal Procedures Charts: While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airport Page, or Flight Plan Page, select the SHW CHRT Softkey. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the OPTIONS Menu to Show Chart. 3) Press the ENT Key to display the chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES When a chart is not available by selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey or selecting a Page Menu Option, charts may be obtained for other airports from the WPT Pages or Flight Plan Pages. If a chart is available for the destination airport, or the airport selected in the active flight plan, the chart appears on the screen. When no flight plan is active, or when not flying to a direct-to destination, selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey displays the chart for the nearest airport, if available.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES While the APPROACH Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the G1000 softkeys are blank. Once the desired chart is selected, the chart scale can be changed and the chart page can be scrolled using the Joystick. Pressing the Joystick centers the chart on the screen. The aircraft symbol is shown on the chart only if the chart is to scale and the aircraft position is within the boundaries of the chart. The aircraft symbol is not displayed when the Aircraft Not Shown Icon appears (Figure 8‑29).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the INFO Softkey returns to the airport diagram when the view is on a different chart. If the displayed chart is the airport diagram, the INFO Softkey has no effect. The aircraft position is shown in magenta on the ChartView diagrams when the location of the aircraft is within the chart boundaries. In the example shown, the aircraft is turning onto Taxiway Bravo on the Charlotte, NC (KCLT) airport.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES In the example shown in Figure 8-27, the Class B Chart is selected. Pressing the ENT Key displays the Charlotte Class B Airspace Chart (Figure 8-28). Figure 8-28 Airport Information Page, Class B Chart Selected from INFO View Selecting the DP Softkey displays the Departure Procedure Chart if available. Chart Not To Scale Aircraft Not Shown Icon Figure 8-29 Departure Information Page 490 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the STAR Softkey displays the Standard Terminal Arrival Chart if available. Chart Not To Scale Change Range and Scroll Through the Chart With the Joystick Aircraft Not Shown Icon Figure 8-30 Arrival Information Page Selecting the APR Softkey displays the approach chart for the airport if available. Figure 8-31 Approach Information Page 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the WX Softkey shows the airport weather frequency information, and includes weather data such as METAR and TAF from the XM Data Link Receiver, when available. Weather information is available only when an XM Data Link Receiver is installed and the SiriusXM Weather subscription is current. WX Info When Available WX Softkey Selected Figure 8-32 Weather Information Page NOTE: A subdued softkey label indicates the function is disabled.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 8-33 NOTAM Available NOTAM Softkey Appears for Selected Airports Local NOTAM on This Airport NOTAM Softkey Selected Figure 8-34 Airport Information Page, Local NOTAMs Selecting the NOTAM Softkey again removes the NOTAMS information. Selecting the GO BACK Softkey reverts to the previous page (Navigation Map Page, Nearest Pages, or Flight Plan Page). 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHART OPTIONS Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey displays the next level of softkeys, the chart options level (Figure 8-21). Selecting the ALL Softkey shows the complete approach chart on the screen. Complete Chart Shown Figure 8-35 Approach Information Page, ALL View Selecting the HEADER Softkey shows the header view (approach chart briefing strip) on the screen.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the PLAN Softkey shows the approach chart two dimensional plan view. Approach Chart Plan View Figure 8-37 Approach Information Page, Plan View Selecting the PROFILE Softkey displays the approach chart descent profile strip. Approach Chart Descent Profile Strip Figure 8-38 Approach Information Page, Profile View, Full Screen Width 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the MINIMUMS Softkey displays the minimum descent altitude/visibility strip at the bottom of the approach chart. Minimum Descent Altitude/ Visibility Strip Figure 8-39 Approach Information Page, Minimums View, Full Screen Width 496 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES If the chart scale has been adjusted to view a small area of the chart, selecting the FIT WDTH Softkey changes the chart size to fit the available screen width. Select FIT WDTH Softkey to Show Full Chart Width Figure 8-40 Airport Information Page, FIT WDTH Softkey Selected 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the FULL SCN Softkey alternates between removing and replacing the data window to the right. Selecting Additional Information: 1) While viewing the Airport Taxi Diagram, select the FULL SCN Softkey to display the information windows (AIRPORT, INFO). 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the AIRPORT, INFO, RUNWAYS, or FREQUENCIES Box (INFO Box shown). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the INFO Box choices.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the BACK Softkey, or waiting for 45 seconds reverts to the chart selection softkeys. The full screen view can also be selected by using the page menu option. Selecting full screen On or Off: 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Chart Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move between the FULL SCREEN and COLOR SCHEME Options.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES DAY/NIGHT VIEW ChartView can be displayed on a white or black background for day or night viewing. The Day View offers a better presentation in a bright environment. The Night View gives a better presentation for viewing in a dark environment. When the CHART SETUP Box is selected the MFD softkeys are blank. Selecting Day, Night, or Automatic View: 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 8-44 Arrival Information Page, Day View Figure 8-45 Arrival Information Page, Night View 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHARTVIEW CYCLE NUMBER AND EXPIRATION DATE ChartView database is revised every 14 days. Charts are still viewable during a period that extends from the cycle expiration date to the disables date. ChartView is disabled 70 days after the expiration date and is no longer available for viewing. When turning on the system, the Power-up Page displays the current status of the ChartView database. See the table below for the various ChartView Power-up Page displays and the definition of each.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The ChartView time critical information can also be found on the AUX - System Status page. The database CYCLE number, EXPIRES, and DISABLES dates of the ChartView subscription appear in either blue or yellow text. When the ChartView EXPIRES date is reached, ChartView becomes inoperative 70 days later. This is shown as the DISABLES date. When the DISABLES date is reached, charts are no longer available for viewing.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The ChartView database is obtained directly from Jeppesen. Refer to Updating Jeppesen Databases in Appendix B for instructions on revising the ChartView database. Other possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown in Figure 8-48. The EXPIRES date, in yellow, is the revision date for the next database cycle. The DISABLES date, in yellow, is the date that this database cycle is no longer viewable.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.4 FLITECHARTS FliteCharts resemble the paper version of AeroNav Services terminal procedures charts. The charts are displayed with high-resolution and in color for applicable charts. The geo-referenced aircraft position is indicated by an aircraft symbol displayed on the chart when the current position is within the boundaries of the chart. An aircraft symbol may be displayed within an off-scale area depicted on some charts.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLITECHARTS SOFTKEYS FliteCharts functions are displayed on three levels of softkeys. While on the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airports Page, or Flight Plan Page, selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey displays the available terminal chart and advances to the chart selection level of softkeys: CHRT OPT, CHRT, INFO, DP, STAR, APR, WX, and GO BACK. The chart selection softkeys appear on the Airport Information Page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES TERMINAL PROCEDURES CHARTS Selecting Terminal Procedures Charts: While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airport Page, or Flight Plan Page, select the SHW CHRT Softkey. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the OPTIONS Menu to Show Chart. 3) Press the ENT Key to display the chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES When a chart is not available by selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey or selecting a Page Menu Option, charts may be obtained for other airports from the WPT Pages or Flight Plan Pages. If a chart is available for the destination airport, or the airport selected in the active flight plan, the chart appears on the screen. When no flight plan is active, or when not flying to a direct-to destination, selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey displays the chart for the nearest airport, if available.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES While the APPROACH Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the G1000 softkeys are blank. Once the desired chart is selected, the chart scale can be changed and the chart can be panned using the Joystick. Pressing the Joystick centers the chart on the screen. The aircraft symbol is not shown on FliteCharts. The Chart Scale Box displays a banner NOT TO SCALE, and the Aircraft Not Shown Icon is displayed in the lower right corner of the screen.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the INFO Softkey returns to the airport diagram when the view is on a different chart. If the displayed chart is the airport diagram, the INFO Softkey has no effect. Another source for additional airport information is from the INFO Box above the chart (Figure 8-54) or to the right of the chart (Figure 8-55) for certain airports. This information source is not related to the INFO Softkey. When the INFO Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the G1000 softkeys are blank.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES In the example shown in Figure 8-56, ALTERNATE MINIMUMS is selected. Pressing the ENT Key displays the IFR Alternate Minimums Chart (Figure 8-57). Figure 8-57 Airport Information Page, ALTERNATE MINIMUMS Selected from INFO View Selecting the DP Softkey displays the Departure Procedure Chart if available. Figure 8-58 Departure Information Page 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the STAR Softkey displays the Standard Terminal Arrival Chart if available. Figure 8-59 Arrival Information Page Selecting the APR Softkey displays the approach chart for the airport if available. Figure 8-60 Approach Information Page 512 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the WX Softkey shows the airport weather frequency information, when available, and includes weather data such as METAR and TAF from the XM Data Link Receiver. Weather information is available only when an XM Data Link Receiver is installed and the SiriusXM Weather subscription is current. Selecting Additional Information: 1) While viewing the Airport Taxi Diagram, select the WX Softkey to display the information windows (AIRPORT, INFO).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHART OPTIONS Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey displays the next level of softkeys, the chart options level (Figure 8-50). Selecting the ALL Softkey shows the complete chart on the screen. Complete Chart Shown Figure 8-62 Airport Information Page, ALL View Selected 514 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the FIT WDTH Softkey fits the width of the chart in the display viewing area. In the example shown, the chart at close range is replaced with the full width chart. Select FIT WDTH Softkey to Show Full Chart Width Figure 8-63 Approach Information Page, FIT WDTH Softkey Selected 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the FULL SCN Softkey alternates between removing and replacing the data window to the right. Select FULL SCN Softkey to Switch Between Chart on Full Screen and Chart with Info Window Figure 8-64 Airport Information Page, Full Screen and Info Window Selecting the BACK Softkey, or waiting for 45 seconds reverts to the chart selection softkeys. 516 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The full screen view can also be selected by using the page menu option. Selecting full screen On or Off: 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Chart Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move between the FULL SCREEN and COLOR SCHEME Options. 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to choose between the On and Off Full Screen Options.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES DAY/NIGHT VIEW FliteCharts can be displayed on a white or black background for day or night viewing. The Day View offers a better presentation in a bright environment. The Night View gives a better presentation for viewing in a dark environment. When the CHART SETUP Box is selected the MFD softkeys are blank. Selecting Day, Night, or Automatic View: 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 8-67 Approach Information Page, Day View Figure 8-68 Approach Information Page, Night View 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLITECHARTS CYCLE NUMBER AND EXPIRATION DATE FliteCharts data is revised every 28 days. Charts are still viewable during a period that extends from the cycle expiration date to the disables date. FliteCharts is disabled 180 days after the expiration date and are no longer available for viewing upon reaching the disables date. When turning on the system, the Power-up Page displays the current status of the FliteCharts database.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES When the 180 day grace period has expired, ‘Chart data is disabled.’ in yellow indicates that the FliteCharts database has expired and is no longer viewable. ‘Chart Data: N/A’ appears in white if no FliteCharts data is available on the database card or no database card is inserted. FliteCharts time critical information can also be found on the AUX - System Status page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The FliteCharts database is provided from Garmin. Refer to Updating Garmin Databases in Appendix B for instructions on revising the FliteCharts database. The other three possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown here. The EXPIRES date, in yellow, is the revision date for the next database cycle. The DISABLES date, in yellow, is the date that this database cycle is no longer viewable.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.5 AIRPORT DIRECTORY The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) and optional AC-U-KWIK Airport Directory databases offer detailed information regarding services, hours of operation, lodging options, and more. This information is viewed on the Airport Information Page by selecting the INFO Softkey until INFO-2 is displayed as shown in Figure 8-72. Both Airport Directories are available for downloading at flygarmin.com.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AIRPORT DIRECTORY DATABASE CYCLE NUMBER AND REVISION The Airport Directory databases are revised every 56 days and offered on a subscription basis. Check fly. garmin.com for the current database. The Airport Directory is always available for use after the expiration date. When turning on the system, the Power-up Page indicates whether the databases are current, out of date, or not available.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The Airport Directory Region, Version, Cycle, Effective date and Expires date of the database cycle can also be found on the AUX - System Status page, as seen in Figure 8-74. Select the MFD1 DB Softkey to place the cursor in the DATABASE window. Scroll through the listed information by turning the FMS Knob or pressing the ENT Key until the Airport Directory database information is shown.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.6 SIRIUSXM SATELLITE RADIO NOTE: Refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section for information about SiriusXM Weather products. The optional SiriusXM Satellite Radio entertainment feature of the GDL 69A Data Link Receiver is available for the pilot’s and passengers’ enjoyment. The GDL 69A can receive SiriusXM Satellite Radio entertainment services at any altitude throughout the Continental U.S. Entertainment audio is available only on the GDL 69A Data Link Receiver, not the GDL 69.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 6) Select the LOCK Softkey. 7) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight YES. 8) To complete activation, press the ENT Key.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES USING SIRIUSXM SATELLITE RADIO The XM Radio Page provides information and control of the audio entertainment features of the SiriusXM Satellite Radio. Selecting the XM Radio Page: 1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Auxiliary Page Group. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the displayed AUX - XM Information Page. 3) Select the RADIO Softkey to show the XM Radio Page where audio entertainment is controlled.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting a channel directly: 1) While on the XM Radio Page, select the CHNL Softkey. 2) Select the DIR CH Softkey. The channel number in the Active Channel Box is highlighted. 3) Select the numbered softkeys located on the bottom of the display to directly select the desired channel number. 4) Press the ENT Key to activate the selected channel. CATEGORY The Category Box of the XM Radio Page displays the currently selected category of audio.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES PRESETS Softkey to access the first five preset channels (PS1 - PS5). 2) Press the MORE Softkey to access the next five channels (PS6 – PS10), and again to access the last five channels (PS11 – PS15). Pressing the MORE Softkey repeatedly cycles through the preset channels. 3) Press the SET Softkey. 4) Press any one of the (PS1 - PS15) softkeys to assign a number to the active channel.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.7 ELECTRONIC STABILITY AND PROTECTION (ESP™) NOTE: Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual to determine approval of ESP functionality. The optional Garmin Electronic Stability and Protection (ESP™) system is available only when the GFC 700 AFCS is installed. This system is designed to provide automatic control inputs to discourage aircraft operation outside a normal flight envelope.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES ROLL ENGAGEMENT Roll Limit Indicators are displayed on the roll scale at 45° right and left, indicating where ESP™ will engage (see Figure 8-80). As roll attitude exceeds 45°, ESP™ will engage and the on-side Roll Limit Indicator will move to 30°, as shown in Figure 8-81. The Roll Limit Indicator is now showing where ESP™ will disengage as roll attitude decreases.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Once engaged, ESP™ force will be applied between 30° and 75°, as illustrated in Figure 8-82. The force increases as roll attitude increases and decreases as roll attitude decreases. The applied force is intended to encourage pilot input that returns the airplane to a more normal roll attitude. As roll attitude decreases, ESP™ will disengage at 30°.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES With ESP™ engaged, and the aircraft in a nose-up condition, opposing force steadily decreases from 20° noseup to 15° nose-up as aircraft pitch moves toward zero degrees. ESP™ disengages at 15° nose-up. With ESP™ engaged, and the aircraft in a nose-down condition, opposing force steadily decreases from 18° nose-down to 13° nose-down as aircraft pitch moves toward zero degrees. ESP™ disengages at 13° nose-down.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.8 SCHEDULER The Scheduler feature can be used to enter and display reminder messages (e.g., Change oil, Switch fuel tanks, or Altimeter-Transponder Check) in the Alerts Window on the PFD. Messages can be set to display based on a specific date and time (event), once the message timer reaches zero (one-time; default setting), or recurrently whenever the message timer reaches zero (periodic).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 9) For event-based messages: a) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired date (DD-MM-YY) and press the ENT Key. b) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next field. c) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired time (HH:MM) and press the ENT Key. 10) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to enter the next message. Deleting a scheduler message: 1) Select the AUX - Utility Page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.9 FLIGHT DATA LOGGING NOTE: Some aircraft installations may not provide all aircraft/engine data capable of being logged by the system. The Flight Data Logging feature will automatically store critical flight and engine data on an SD data card (up to 16GB) inserted into the top card slot of the MFD. Approximately 1,000 flight hours can be recorded for each 1GB of available space on the card. Data is written to the SD card once each second while the MFD is powered on.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The file containing the recorded data will appear in the format shown in Figure 8-87. This file can be imported into most computer spreadsheet applications. Local Date YYMMDD Local 24hr Time HHMMSS Nearest Airport (A blank will be inserted if no airport is found) log_140910_104506_KIXD.csv Figure 8-87 Log File Format Data logging status can be monitored on the AUX-UTILITY Page. 538 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.10 ABNORMAL OPERATION SVT TROUBLESHOOTING SVT is intended to be used with traditional attitude, heading, obstacle, terrain, and traffic inputs. SVT is disabled when valid attitude or heading data is not available for the display. In case of invalid SVT data, the PFD display reverts to the standard blue-over-brown attitude display.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES UNUSUAL ATTITUDES Unusual attitudes are displayed with red chevrons overlaid on the display indicating the direction to fly to correct the unusual attitude condition. The display shows either a brown or blue colored bar at the top or bottom of the screen to represent earth or sky. This is intended to prevent losing sight of the horizon during extreme pitch attitudes.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES GDL 69/69A DATA LINK RECEIVER TROUBLESHOOTING Some quick troubleshooting steps listed below can be performed to find the possible cause of a failure.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES If a failure still exists, the following messages may provide insight as to the possible problem: Message Message Location CHECK ANTENNA XM Information Page (MFD) UPDATING XM Information Page (MFD)) XM Information Page Weather Datalink Page Loss of signal; signal strength too low for (MFD) receiver NO SIGNAL LOADING XM Radio Page (MFD) Acquiring channel audio or information OFF AIR XM Radio Page (MFD) Channel not in service -------- XM Radio Page (MFD) WEATHER DATA LINK FA
APPENDIX A ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS NOTE: The Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM/POH) supersedes information found in this document. The G1000 Alerting System conveys alerts using the following: • Annunciation Window: The Annunciation Window displays abbreviated annunciation text. Text color is based on the alert level. The Annunciation Window is located to the right of the Altitude and Vertical Speed boxes on the display.
APPENDIX A • Audio Alerting System: The G1000 System issues audio alert tones when specific system conditions are met. See the Alert Level Definitions Section for more information. The annunciation tone may be tested from the AUX - System Status Page. Testing the system annunciation tone and annunciator lights: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Status Page. 2) Select the ANN TEST Softkey. Or: a) Press the MENU Key. b) Highlight ‘Enable Annunciator Test Mode’ and press the ENT Key.
APPENDIX A AIRCRAFT ALERTS The following alerts are configured specifically for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi. Red annunciation window text signifies warnings. See the Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) for recommended pilot actions. WARNING ANNUNCIATIONS Annunciation Window Text UNDERSPEED PROTECT ACTIVE Alerts Window Message UNDERSPEED PROTECT ACTIVE - Audio Alert “Airspeed” is heard once when an altitude-not-critcal flight director mode is active.
APPENDIX A Played when the optional traffic system passes a pilot-initiated self test. “Traffic Advisory System - SKY 497 TAS Test Passed” “SKYWATCH System Test Passed” - SKY 899 TAS “TAS System Test OK” - KTA 870 TAS Played when the optional traffic system fails a pilot-initiated self test.
APPENDIX A REVERSIONARY SENSOR ANNUNCIATIONS Reversionary sensor selection is annunciated in the Reversionary Sensor Window, as shown in Figure A-5. These annunciations reflect reversionary sensors selected on one or both PFDs. Pressing the SENSOR Softkey gives access to ADC1, ADC2, AHRS1, and AHRS2 Softkeys. These softkeys allow manual switching of sensors. In the case of certain types of sensor failures, the G1000 may make some sensor selections automatically. The GPS sensor cannot be switched manually.
APPENDIX A When an LRU or an LRU function fails, a large red ‘X’ is typically displayed on windows associated with the failed data. The following section describes various system annunciations. Refer to the AFM/POH for additional information regarding pilot responses to these annunciations. NOTE: Upon power-up of the G1000 system, certain windows remain invalid as G1000 equipment begins to initialize. All windows should be operational within one minute of power-up.
APPENDIX A System Annunciation Comment System Annunciation Attitude and Heading Reference System is aligning. Display system is not receiving airspeed input from air data computer. Display system is not receiving attitude information from the AHRS. Display system is not receiving altitude input from the air data computer. AHRS calibration incomplete or configuration module failure. This annunciation is only seen when the autopilot is engaged.
APPENDIX A G1000 SYSTEM MESSAGE ADVISORIES This section describes various G1000 system message advisories. Certain messages are issued due to an LRU or an LRU function failure. Such messages are normally accompanied by a corresponding red ‘X’ annunciation as shown previously in the G1000 System Annunciation section. NOTE: This Section provides information regarding G1000 message advisories that may be displayed by the system.
APPENDIX A Message PFD1 COOLING – PFD1 has poor cooling. Reducing power usage. PFD2 COOLING – PFD2 has poor cooling. Reducing power usage. MFD1 COOLING – MFD1 has poor cooling. Reducing power usage. PFD1 KEYSTK – PFD1 [key name] Key is stuck. PFD2 KEYSTK – PFD2 [key name] Key is stuck MFD1 KEYSTK – MFD1 [key name] Key is stuck. CNFG MODULE – PFD1 configuration module is inoperative. PFD1 VOLTAGE – PFD1 has low voltage. Reducing power usage. PFD2 VOLTAGE – PFD2 has low voltage. Reducing power usage.
APPENDIX A Message MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 terrain database missing. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 terrain database missing. PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 terrain database missing. MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 obstacle database error exists. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 obstacle database error exists. PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 obstacle database error exists. MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 obstacle database missing. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 obstacle database missing. PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 obstacle database missing. MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 airport terrain database error exists.
APPENDIX A Message MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 Airport Directory database error exists. Comments The MFD detected a failure in the Airport Directory database. Ensure the data card is properly inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, the system should be serviced. DB MISMATCH – Navigation database The PFDs and MFD have different navigation database versions or regions installed. mismatch. Xtalk is off. Crossfill is off. Check the AUX-SYSTEM STATUS Page to determine versions or regions.
APPENDIX A Message GMA1 SERVICE – GMA1 needs service. Return unit for repair. GMA2 SERVICE – GMA2 needs service. Return unit for repair. Comments The audio panel self-test has detected a problem in the unit. Certain audio functions may still be available, and the audio panel may still be usable. The G1000 system should be serviced when possible. GIA 63W MESSAGE ADVISORIES Message GIA1 CONFIG – GIA1 config error. Config service req’d. GIA2 CONFIG – GIA2 config error. Config service req’d.
APPENDIX A Message MANIFEST – COM1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – COM2 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – NAV1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – NAV2 software mismatch, communication halted. COM1 CONFIG – COM1 config error. Config service req’d. COM2 CONFIG – COM2 config error. Config service req’d. COM1 TEMP – COM1 over temp. Reducing transmitter power. COM2 TEMP – COM2 over temp. Reducing transmitter power. COM1 SERVICE – COM1 needs service.
APPENDIX A Message Comments GPS1 SERVICE – GPS1 needs service. Return unit for repair. A failure has been detected in the GPS1 and/or GPS2 receiver. The receiver may still GPS2 SERVICE – GPS2 needs service. be available. The G1000 system should be serviced. Return unit for repair. GPS1 FAIL – GPS1 is inoperative. A failure has been detected in GPS receiver #1 and/or GPS receiver #2. The system should be serviced. GPS2 FAIL – GPS2 is inoperative. NAV1 SERVICE – NAV1 needs service. Return unit for repair.
APPENDIX A GTX 33/33ES MESSAGE ADVISORIES Message XPDR1 CONFIG – XPDR1 config error. Config service req’d. XPDR2 CONFIG – XPDR2 config error. Config service req’d. MANIFEST – GTX1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – GTX2 software mismatch, communication halted. XPDR1 SRVC – XPDR1 needs service. Return unit for repair. XPDR2 SRVC – XPDR2 needs service. Return unit for repair. XPDR1 FAIL – XPDR1 is inoperative. XPDR2 FAIL – XPDR2 is inoperative.
APPENDIX A Message AHRS2 GPS – AHRS2 operating exclusively in no-GPS mode. AHRS MAG DB – AHRS magnetic model database version mismatch. AHRS1 SRVC – AHRS1 Magnetic-field model needs update. AHRS2 SRVC – AHRS2 Magnetic-field model needs update. GEO LIMITS – AHRS1 too far North/ South, no magnetic compass. GEO LIMITS – AHRS2 too far North/ South, no magnetic compass. MANIFEST – GRS1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – GRS2 software mismatch, communication halted.
APPENDIX A GDL 69A MESSAGE ADVISORIES Message GDL69 CONFIG – GDL 69 config error. Config service req’d. GDL69 FAIL – GDL 69 has failed. Comments GDL 69 configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory. The G1000 system should be serviced. A failure has been detected in the GDL 69. The receiver is unavailable. The G1000 system should be serviced MANIFEST – GDL software mismatch, The GDL 69 has incorrect software installed. The G1000 system should be serviced. communication halted.
APPENDIX A GMC 710 MESSAGE ADVISORIES Message GMC CNFG – GMC Config error. Config service req’d. GMC FAIL – GMC is inoperative. MANIFEST – GMC software mismatch, communication halted. GMC KEYSTK – GMC [keyname] Key is stuck Comments Error in the configuration of the GMC 710. A failure has been detected in the GMC 710. The GMC 710 is unavailable. The GMC 710 has incorrect software installed. The G1000 system should be serviced. A key is stuck on the GMC 710 bezel.
APPENDIX A Message FPL TRUNC – Flight plan has been truncated. LOCKED FPL – Cannot navigate locked flight plan. WPT ARRIVAL – Arriving at waypoint -[xxxx] STEEP TURN – Steep turn ahead. INSIDE ARSPC – Inside airspace. ARSPC AHEAD – Airspace ahead less than 10 minutes. ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near and ahead. ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near – less than 2 nm. APPR INACTV – Approach is not active. SLCT FREQ – Select appropriate frequency for approach. SLCT NAV – Select NAV on CDI for approach.
APPENDIX A Message TRAFFIC FAIL – Traffic device has failed. STRMSCP FAIL – Stormscope has failed. FAILED PATH – A data path has failed. MAG VAR WARN – Large magnetic variance. Verify all course angles. SCHEDULER [#] – . SVT – SVT DISABLED: Out of available terrain region. SVT – SVT DISABLED: Terrain DB resolution too low. CHECK CRS – Database course for LOC1 / [LOC ID] is [CRS]°. CHECK CRS – Database course for LOC2 / [LOC ID] is [CRS]°. [PFD1, PFD2, or MFD1] CARD 1 REM – Card 1 was removed.
APPENDIX A AFCS ALERTS System Status Field Figure A-8 AFCS System Status Field The following alert annunciations appear in the AFCS System Status field on the PFD.
APPENDIX A TERRAIN-SVS ALERTS PFD/MFD* Alert Annunciation MFD Pop-Up Alert (except Terrain-SVS Page Aural Message Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Warning (RTC) TERRAIN WARNING TERRAIN “Warning; Terrain, Terrain” Imminent Terrain Impact Warning (ITI) TERRAIN WARNING TERRAIN “Warning; Terrain, Terrain” Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance Warning (ROC) TERRAIN WARNING OBSTACLE “Warning; Obstacle, Obstacle” Imminent Obstacle Impact Warning (IOI) TERRAIN WARNING OBSTACLE “Warning; Obstacle,
APPENDIX A TAWS-B ALERTS Annunciations appear on the PFD and the MFD. Pop-up alerts appear only on the MFD.
APPENDIX A TAWS-B SYSTEM STATUS ANNUNCIATIONS PFD/MFD* Alert Annunciation TAWS-B Page Center Banner Annunciation Voice Message TAWS TEST TAWS TEST None None None “TAWS System Test OK” TAWS-B PDA/FLTA Alerting Inhibited TAWS INH None None No GPS position TAWS N/A NO GPS POSITION “TAWS Not Available”† TAWS N/A None “TAWS Not Available”† TAWS FAIL TAWS FAIL “TAWS System Failure” None TERRAIN DATABASE FAILURE None Alert Type System Test in progress System Test pass Excessively degrad
APPENDIX A FLIGHT PLAN IMPORT/EXPORT MESSAGES In some circumstances, some messages may appear in conjunction with others. Flight Plan Import/Export Results ‘Flight plan successfully imported.’ ‘File contained user waypoints only. User waypoints imported successfully. No stored flight plan data was modified.’ ‘No flight plan files found to import.’ ‘Flight plan import failed.’ ‘Flight plan partially imported.’ ‘File contained user waypoints only.’ ‘Too many points. Flight plan truncated.
APPENDIX A PILOT PROFILE IMPORT/EXPORT MESSAGES Pilot Profile Import/Export Results ‘No pilot profile plan files found to import.’ ‘Overwrite existing profile?’ ‘Profile name invalid. Enter a different profile name.’ ‘All available pilot profiles in use. Delete a profile before importing another.’ ‘Pilot profile import failed.’ ‘Pilot profile import succeeded.’ ‘Overwrite existing file?’ ‘Pilot profile export failed.’ ‘Pilot profile export succeeded.
APPENDIX B DATABASE MANAGEMENT CAUTION: Never disconnect power to the system when loading a database. Power interruption during the database loading process could result in maintenance being required to reboot the system. The system uses Secure Digital (SD) cards to load and store various types of data. For basic flight operations, SD cards are required for database storage as well as navigation and ChartView database updates. Not all SD cards are compatible with the system.
APPENDIX B NOTE: Garmin requests the flight crew report any observed discrepancies related to database information. These discrepancies could come in the form of an incorrect procedure; incorrectly identified terrain, obstacles and fixes; or any other displayed item used for navigation or communication in the air or on the ground. Go to FlyGarmin.com and select ‘Report An Aviation Data Error Report.’ JEPPESEN DATABASES The Jeppesen navigation database is updated on a 28-day cycle.
APPENDIX B Figure B-2 Database Update Confirmation 5) After the update completes, the display starts in normal mode. Do not remove power while the display is starting. 6) Turn the system OFF and remove the SD card from the top card slot. 7) Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the other displays (PFD1, PFD2 or MFD). Remove the SD card when finished. 8) Apply power to the system and press the ENT Key to acknowledge the startup screen. 9) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page group on the MFD.
APPENDIX B Loading a standby navigation database: 1) With the system OFF, insert the SD card containing the new navigation database version into the top card slot of the MFD. 2) Verify that an SD card is inserted in the bottom slot of each PFD and the MFD. 3) Turn the system ON. A prompt similar to the following is displayed. Figure B-3 Standby Navigation Database Prompt 4) Press the YES Softkey. The navigation database is copied to the SD card in the bottom card slot of the MFD.
APPENDIX B 7) Press any key to continue. The display will now appear as shown in Figure B-6. Figure B-6 Active Navigation Database Prompt 8) Press the NO Softkey. The display now starts in normal mode. Since the database effective date is not yet valid, it should not be loaded as the active database. The display now starts in normal mode. Do not remove power while the display is starting. 9) Press the ENT Key to acknowledge the startup screen.
APPENDIX B GARMIN DATABASES The following databases are stored on Supplemental Data Cards provided by Garmin: • Expanded basemap • Airport terrain • SafeTaxi • Terrain • Obstacle • FliteCharts • Airport Directory After subscribing to the desired database product, these database products will be downloaded to two Supplemental Data Cards. Insert each Supplemental Data Card into the correct location shown in Figure B-7. These cards must not be removed except to update the databases stored on each card.
APPENDIX B with the names and phone numbers of thousands of FBOs. These databases are updated every 56 days. The AC-U-KWIK Directory offers detailed information for more than 8,000 airports with runways longer than 3,000 feet worldwide. The SafeTaxi database contains detailed airport diagrams for selected airports. These diagrams aid in following ground control instructions by accurately displaying the aircraft position on the map in relation to taxiways, ramps, runways, terminals, and services.
APPENDIX B Figure B-8 AUX-System Status Page, Database Window The Display Database Softkey (Figure B-11) is used to place the cursor in the Database Window. Upon first press of the Display Database Softkey, the softkey will change to a selected state (black text on gray background) and the cursor will appear in the Database Window. At this point the user can scroll through all databases in the Database Window to view status information.
APPENDIX B UPDATING GARMIN DATABASES The Garmin database updates can be obtained by following the instructions detailed in the ‘Aviation Databases’ section of the Garmin website (fly.garmin.com). Once the updated files have been downloaded from the website, a PC equipped with an appropriate SD card reader is used to unpack and program the new databases onto the existing Supplemental Data Cards.
APPENDIX B 8) Monitor the Sync Status in the Database Window. Wait for all databases to complete synching, indicated by ‘Complete’ being displayed as seen in Figure B-9. 9) Remove and reapply power to the system. 10) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page group on the MFD. 11) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the System Status Page. 12) Press the Display Database Selection Softkey to show database information for each display (MFD1 DB, PFD1 DB, PFD2 DB).
APPENDIX B MAGNETIC FIELD VARIATION DATABASE UPDATE A copy of the current magnetic field variation database (MV DB) is included with the navigation database. At startup, the system compares this version of the MV DB with that presently being used by each AHRS (GRS1 and GRS2). If the system determines the MV DB needs to be updated, a prompt is displayed on the Navigation Map Page, as shown in Figure B-12. Note, in the following example, GRS1 is the first AHRS to indicate an update is available.
APPENDIX B 3) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key on the MFD. A progress monitor is displayed as shown in Figure B-15. When the upload is complete, the system is ready for use. Figure B-15 Uploading Database to GRS2 580 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-03 Rev.
APPENDIX C GARMIN AVIATION GLOSSARY ACARS ACC ACT, ACTV ADC ADF ADI ADIZ ADS-B AF AFCS AFM AFMS AFRM AGL AHRS AIM AIRMET AIRREP ALRT ALT ALT, ALTN ALTS ALTV AMPS ANNUNC ANT AOA AOG AOPA AP AP DISC APPR, APR APT APTSIGNS ARINC ARSPC ARTCC 190-00663-03 Rev.
APPENDIX C CI CLD CLR CM CN CNS CO COM CONFIG COOL COPLT Course Course to Steer CPDLC CPL CR CRG CRNT Crosstrack Error CRS CRSR CSC CTA CTR CTRL Cumulative, CUM CVR CVRG CWS CYL D ALT DB, DBASE dBZ 582 Course to Intercept Leg Cloud Clear Centimeter Canada Communication, Navigation, & Surveillance Carbon Monoxide Communication Radio Configuration Coolant Copilot The line between two points to be followed by the aircraft. The recommended direction to steer in order to reduce course error or stay on course.
APPENDIX C EIS ELEV EMER, EMERG, EMERGCY EMI END, ENDUR Endurance Engine Indication System Elevation, Elevator Emergency Electromagnetic Interference Endurance Flight endurance, or total possible flight time based on available fuel on board. ENG Engine ENGD Engaged ENR Enroute Enroute Safe The recommended minimum altitude Altitude within ten miles left or right of the desired course on an active flight plan or directto.
APPENDIX C GIA GLS GMA GMC GMT GMU GND GPH GPN GPS GPWS Grid MORA Groundspeed Ground Track GRS GS GSA GSD GSL GSR GTC GTS GTX GWX HA HDG HDOP Heading HF HFOM Hg HI 584 Garmin Integrated Avionics Unit Global Navigation Satellite Landing System Garmin Audio Panel System Garmin Mode Controller Greenwich Mean Time Garmin Magnetometer Unit Ground Gallons per Hour Garmin Part Number Global Positioning System Ground Proximity Warning System Grid Minimum Off-Route Altitude; One degree latitude by one degree long
APPENDIX C ISA ITT International Standard Atmosphere Interstage Turbine Temperature, InterTurbine Temperature KEYSTK KG kHz KM KT Key Stuck Kilogram Kilohertz Kilometer Knot L LAT LBL LB LCD LCL LDA LED Left Over Fuel On Board Left, Left Runway Latitude Label Pound Liquid Crystal Display Local Landing Distance Available Light Emitting Diode The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of one or more legs of a flight plan or direct-to.
APPENDIX C N NAV NAVAID NDB NEXRAD NM NoPT 586 NOTAM NRST North Navigation Navigation Aid Non-Directional Beacon Next Generation Radar Nautical Mile(s) No Procedure Turn Required (procedure shall not be executed without ATC clearance) Notice To Airman Nearest O OAT OBS OFST OXY Outer Marker Outside Air Temperature Omni Bearing Selector Offset Oxygen P ALT PA PASS PC PFD PI PIREP PIT, PTCH POH POHS POS, POSN PPH PPM P.
APPENDIX C SEL, SLCT SELCAL SENS SFC SIAP SID SIG/AIR SIGMET SIM SLD SLP/SKD SMBL SMS SPC SPD SPI SPKR SQ SRVC, SVC SSID STAB STAL STAR STATS STBY STD STRMSCP SUA SUSP SVT, SYN VIS SW SYNC SYN TERR SYN VIS SYS Select Selective Calling Sense Surface Standard Instrument Approach Procedures Standard Instrument Departure SIGMET/AIRMET Significant Meteorological Information Simulator Supercooled Large Droplet Slip/Skid Symbol Short Message System Space Speed Special Position Identification Speaker Squelch Servi
APPENDIX C UTM/UPS Universal Transverse Mercator/ Universal Polar Stereographic Grid V V, Vspeed V1 V2 VAPP VLE VLNDx VLO VMC VMO (MMO) VNE VR VREF VT VX VY VYSE V DEV VA VAC VAPP VAR VD VDC VERT Vertical Figure of Merit Vertical Speed Required Volts Velocity (airspeed) Takeoff Decision Speed Takeoff Safety Speed Approach Climb Speed Maximum Landing Gear Extended Speed Approach Speed (Flaps at x°) Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed Minimum Control Speed Maximum Speed Never-Exceed Speed Takeoff Rotate S
APPENDIX D FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS If a particular aspect of G1000 operational capability is not addressed by these commonly asked questions or in the index, contact Garmin (see the copyright page or back cover for contact information) or a Garmin-authorized dealer. Garmin is dedicated to supporting its products and customers. What is SBAS? The Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) uses a system of ground stations to correct any GPS signal errors.
APPENDIX D What is GSL altitude? GSL (Geodetic Sea Level) altitude is the height above Mean Sea Level (MSL), as calculated geometrically, generally using a global positioning system (GPS) as the primary data source. The calculated result may or may not include a barometric component, but the primary source is geometric.
APPENDIX D When OBS mode is active, the G1000 allows the pilot to set a desired course to/from a waypoint using the CRS/BARO Knob and HSI (much like a VOR). The most common application for using the OBS Softkey is the missed approach. The G1000 suspends automatic waypoint sequencing (indicated by a ‘SUSP’ annunciation placed on the HSI) when the missed approach point (MAP) is crossed. This prevents the G1000 from automatically sequencing to the missed approach holding point (MAHP).
APPENDIX D Why does the HSI not respond like a VOR when OBS mode is active? Unlike a VOR, the CDI scale used on GPS equipment is based on the crosstrack distance to the desired course, not on the angular relationship to the destination. Therefore, the CDI deflection on the GPS is constant regardless of the distance to the destination and does not become less sensitive when further away from the destination.
APPENDIX E MAP SYMBOLS NOTE: Refer to the Flight Management Section for the topography legend and the Hazard Avoidance Section for XM Weather Product legends.
APPENDIX E MISCELLANEOUS STORMSCOPE LIGHTNING STRIKES Item Symbol ARTCC Frequency or FSS Frequency Item Symbol Lightning Strike (0-6 sec ago) Lightning Strike (6-20 sec ago) Default Map Pointer Lightning Strike (20-60 sec ago) Elevation Pointer Lightning Strike (60-120 sec ago) TRAFFIC Wind Vector Item Measuring Pointer Symbol Non-threat Traffic (hollow diamond) Overzoom Indicator Proximity Advisory User Waypoint Traffic Advisory, Out of Range Vertical Navigation Along Track Waypoint T
APPENDIX E TERRAIN AVOIDANCE COLORS AND SYMBOLS Potential Impact Point Terrain Above Aircraft Altitude Projected Flight Path 100 ft Threshold 1000 ft Unlighted Obstacle Terrain Color Terrain Location Red (WARNING) Terrain above, or within 100 ft below the aircraft altitude Yellow (CAUTION) Terrain between 100 ft and 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude Black Terrain more than 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude Figure E-1 TAWS Color Chart Figure E-2 TAWS Potential Impact Points Obstacle Symbol Unlight
APPENDIX E HAZARD AVOIDANCE FEATURES This table identifies the symbols displayed in the lower right corner of PFD or MFD maps to indicate which hazard avoidance features are activated for display.
INDEX A Activate a Flight Plan---------------------------------------223 Active database-------------------------------------- 570, 571 Active frequency------------------------------------- 108, 117 AC-U-KWIK------------------------------------- 463, 523, 574 ADF audio----------------------------------------------------118 AFCS Status Box--------------------------------------- 54, 414 AHRS---------------------------------------557, 558, 559, 560 Aircraft Symbol----------------------------------------------4
INDEX Closest Point-------------------------------------------------237 COM channel spacing--------------------------------------115 COM Frequency Box----------------------------------------108 Command Bars----------------------------------------------416 Communication (COM) Frequency Box------------------- 54 Comparator Annunciations--------------------------------546 Comparator Window---------------------------------------- 82 COM Tuning Failure-----------------------------------------139 Controls (Softke
INDEX GDL 69/69A---------------------------------------------------- 1 GDU 1040------------------------------------------------------ 1 GEA 71---------------------------------------------------------- 1 Geodetic Sea Level (GSL)----------------------------------367 GFC 700------------------------------------------------------409 GIA 63----------------------------------------------------------- 1 Glidepath-----------------------------------------------------300 Glidepath Indicator-----------------------------
INDEX Missed Approach----------- 204, 263, 271, 275, 302, 458 MKR/MUTE--------------------------------------------------125 Mode S-------------------------------------------------- 24, 127 Mode selection softkeys---------------------- 127, 128, 129 Morse code identifier---------------------------------------119 Multi Function Display (MFD) Softkeys----------------------------------------------------- 27 N National Weather Service (NWS)-------------------------334 NAV1 audio---------------------------------
INDEX Sequencing Waypoints, Suspend-------------------------- 78 Servos, AFCS-------------------------------------------------409 SIGMET-------------------------------------------------------325 Simultaneous COM Operation----------------------------135 SiriusXM Radio--------------------------------- 308, 526, 528 SiriusXM radio active channel----------------------------528 SiriusXM radio channel list--------------------------------528 SiriusXM radio presets-------------------------------------530 SiriusXM r
INDEX U X Unable to display chart----------------------------- 486, 507 Unmuted Inputs---------------------------------------------133 Updating Garmin databases------------------------------483 User-Defined Holding Pattern-----------------------------239 XM weather/radio--------------------------------------------- 4 V Z Zoom Auto--------------------------------------------------------148 Vertical Deviation-------------------------------------- 62, 428 Vertical deviation guidance----------------------
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