G1000 ® Integrated Flight Deck Pilot’s Guide Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi
Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2012 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. This manual reflects the operation of System Software version 0636.03 or later for the Hawker Beechctaft C90A/GT/GTi. Some differences in operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to earlier or later software versions. Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282 Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Road SE, Salem, OR 97302, U.S.
LIMITED WARRANTY LIMITED WARRANTY Within the warranty period, Garmin will, at its sole discretion, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts and/or labor incidental to the direct repair of said product. Garmin may, at its discretion with prior approval, reimburse an authorized Garmin Service Center for associated labor costs incurred for removal and replacement of the panel mount product installed in an aircraft.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES WARNING: Navigation and terrain separation must NOT be predicated upon the use of the terrain avoidance feature. The terrain avoidance feature is NOT intended to be used as a primary reference for terrain avoidance and does not relieve the pilot from the responsibility of being aware of surroundings during flight. The terrain avoidance feature is only to be used as an aid for terrain avoidance. Terrain data is obtained from third party sources.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES WARNING: The Garmin G1000, as installed in this aircraft, has a very high degree of functional integrity. However, the pilot must recognize that providing monitoring and/or self-test capability for all conceivable system failures is not practical. Although unlikely, it may be possible for erroneous operation to occur without a fault indication shown by the G1000.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES CAUTION: The PFD and MFD displays use a lens coated with a special anti-reflective coating that is very sensitive to skin oils, waxes, and abrasive cleaners. CLEANERS CONTAINING AMMONIA WILL HARM THE ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATING. It is very important to clean the lens using a clean, lint-free cloth and an eyeglass lens cleaner that is specified as safe for anti-reflective coatings. CAUTION: The Garmin G1000 does not contain any user-serviceable parts.
REVISION INFORMATION Record of Revisions vi Part Number 190-00663-00 190-00663-01 Revision A A Date 9/21/07 3/11/09 190-00663-02 A 10/25/12 190-00663-02 B 10/31/12 Page Range Description i – I-6 Initial Release at GDU SW 8.10 i – I-6 Initial Release - Added SVS - Updated to GDU SW 9.14 - Added optional ADS-B - Added Audio Panel with Cabin Button i – I-6 Initial Release for GDU SW 12.03 - Added ESP - Updated to GDU SW 12.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Description.................................................. 1 Line Replaceable Units (LRU).................................. 2 G1000 Controls......................................................... 7 PFD Controls................................................................. 7 Controls Associated With the MFD.................................. 9 AFCS Controls...................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.5 Additional Audio Panel Functions...................... 129 Power-Up.................................................................. 129 Mono/Stereo Headsets............................................... 129 Speaker.................................................................... 129 Unmuted Inputs........................................................ 129 Intercom................................................................... 130 Passenger Address (PA) System...............
TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.3 Stormscope........................................................... 348 Setting Up Stormscope on the Navigation Map............ 349 Selecting the Stormscope Page................................... 352 6.4 TAWS-B.................................................................. 354 Displaying TAWS-B Data............................................. 355 TAWS-B Alerts........................................................... 359 System Status............................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS 8.4 FliteCharts............................................................. 492 FliteCharts Softkeys................................................... 492 Terminal Procedures Charts........................................ 493 Chart Options............................................................ 500 Day/Night View......................................................... 504 FliteCharts Cycle Number and Expiration Date.............. 506 8.5 Airport Directory...........................
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION This section provides an overview of the G1000 Integrated Flight Deck as installed in the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi. The G1000 system is an integrated flight control system that presents flight instrumentation, position, navigation, communication, and identification information to the pilot through large-format displays.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.2 LINE REPLACEABLE UNITS (LRU) • GDU 1040A (2) – Each unit is configured as a PFD that features a 10.4-inch LCD with 1024 x 768 resolution. The unit installed on the left/pilot side is designated as PFD1, and the one installed on the right/copilot side is designated as PFD2. These units communicate with each other, the MFD, and with the on-side GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit through a High-Speed Data Bus (HSDB) connection.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GDC 74B (2) – Processes data from the pitot/static system as well as the OAT probe. This unit provides pressure altitude, airspeed, vertical speed and OAT information to the G1000 system, and it communicates with the on-side GIA 63W, on-side GDU 1040A, GDU 1040A MFD, and on-side GRS 77, using an ARINC 429 digital interface (it also interfaces directly with the on-side GTP 59). The GDC 74B is designed to operate in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) airspace.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GMA 1347D (2) – Integrates NAV/COM digital audio, intercom system and marker beacon controls, and is installed in dual configuration on the outboard side of PFD1 and PFD2. This unit also enables the manual control of the display reversionary mode (red DISPLAY BACKUP button) and communicates with the on-side GIA 63W, using an RS-232 digital interface. • GTX 33/33(ES) (2) – Solid-state transponders that provide Modes A, C, S and ADS-B capability.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GCU 475 (1) – Provides the Flight Management System (FMS) controls for the MFD through an RS-232 digital interface. • GMC 710 (1) – Provides the controls for the GFC 700 AFCS through an RS-232 digital interface allowing communication with both PFDs. • GTP 59 (2) – Provides Outside Air Temperature (OAT) data to the on-side GDC 74B. • GSA 80 (3), GSA 81 (1), and GSM 85A (4) – The GSA 80 servos are used for the automatic control of roll, pitch, and yaw.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW GMC 710 GWX 68 GDU 1040A (PFD #1) GDL 69A GCU 475 GDU 1040A (PFD #2) GDU 1500 (MFD) GMA 1347D-20 #1 GMA 1347D-20 #2 GMU 44 #1 GMU 44 #2 GRS 77 #1 GRS 77 #2 GIA 63W #1 GIA 63W #2 VHF COM VHF NAV/LOC GPS/SBAS G/S GDC 74B #1 AFCS Mode Logic Flight Director Servo Management GTP 59 #1 GDC 74B #2 VHF COM VHF NAV/LOC GPS/SBAS G/S GTP 59 #2 AFCS Mode Logic Flight Director Servo Management GSA 81 (Pitch Trim) GSA 80 (Pitch) GSA 80 GTX 33/33ES (Roll) GTX 33/33ES GSA 80 (Yaw) GEA
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.3 G1000 CONTROLS NOTE: The Audio Panel (GMA 1347D) and AFCS controls (GMC 710) are described in the CNS & Audio Panel and AFCS sections respectively. The G1000 system controls are located on the PFD and MFD bezels, MFD Control Unit, AFCS Control Unit and audio panel. The controls for the PFD and MFD are discussed within the following pages of this section. PFD CONTROLS 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8 Figure 1-2 PFD Controls 9 13 10 14 11 15 12 190-00663-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The following list provides an overview of the controls located on the PFD bezel (see Figure 1-2). 8 1 NAV VOL/ID Knob – Controls NAV audio volume level. Press to toggle the Morse code identifier audio ON and OFF. Volume level is shown in the NAV frequency field as a percentage. 2 NAV Frequency Transfer Key – Toggles the standby and active NAV frequencies. 3 Dual NAV Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the NAV receiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for kHz).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW CONTROLS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MFD The controls for the MFD (GDU 1500) are located on both the MFD bezel and the MFD Control Unit (GCU 475). The bottom portion of the MFD bezel features 12 softkeys that are designed to perform various functions depending upon the specific page being displayed. These softkeys are discussed throughout the Pilot’s Guide documentation.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 6 Joystick – Changes the map range when rotated. Activates the map pointer when pressed. 7 Alphanumeric Keys – Allow the user to enter data quickly, without having to select individual characters with the FMS Knob. 8 Plus (+) Minus (-) Key – Toggles a (+) or (-) character. 9 Decimal Key – Enters a decimal point.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 4 FD Key – Activates/deactivates the flight director in the default pitch and roll modes. If the autopilot is engaged, the FD Key is disabled. 5 XFR Key – Switches the autopilot between the pilot-side and the copilot-side flight directors. This selection also selects which air data computer is communicating with the active transponder. Upon power-up, the pilot-side FD is selected. 6 ALT Key – Selects/deselects Altitude Hold Mode.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Figure 1-5 Audio Panel Controls (GMA 1347D-20) NOTE: When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated. 12 1 COM1 MIC – Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting. COM1 receive is simultaneously selected when this key is pressed allowing received audio from the #1 COM receiver to be heard. COM2 receiver audio can be added by pressing the COM2 Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5 COM3 MIC – Selects an optional transmitter for transmitting (if installed). COM3 is simultaneously selected when this key is pressed allowing received audio from the optional receiver to be heard. COM3 can be deselected by pressing the COM3 Key, or either COM1 or COM2 can be added by pressing the COM1 or COM2 Key. 6 COM3 – When selected, audio from an optional COM can be heard. 7 PA – Selects the passenger address system.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.4 SECURE DIGITAL CARDS NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for instructions on updating the aviation database. NOTE: Ensure that the G1000 system is powered off before inserting the SD card. The GDU 1040A and GDU 1500 data card slots use Secure Digital (SD) cards and are located on the top right portion of the display bezels. Each display bezel is equipped with two SD card slots. SD cards are used for aviation database and system software updates as well as terrain database storage.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.5 SYSTEM POWER-UP NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for AHRS initialization bank angle limitations. NOTE: See the Appendices for additional information regarding system-specific annunciations and alerts. NOTE: See the Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM/POH) for specific procedures concerning avionics power application and emergency power supply operation.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.6 SYSTEM OPERATION The displays are connected together via multiple data busses, thus allowing for high-speed communication. As shown in Figure 1-1, each GIA 63W is connected to the on-side PFD. This section discusses the normal and reversionary modes of operation as well as the various AHRS modes of the G1000 system.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW REVERSIONARY MODE NOTE: The G1000 system alerts the pilot when backup paths are utilized by the LRUs. Refer to the Appendices for further information regarding system-specific alerts. Reversionary mode is a mode of operation in which all important flight information is presented identically on at least one of the remaining displays (see Figure 1-10).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AHRS OPERATION NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for specific AHRS alert information. NOTE: Aggressive maneuvering while AHRS is not operating normally may degrade AHRS accuracy. In addition to using internal sensors, the GRS 77 AHRS uses GPS information, magnetic field data and air data to assist in attitude/heading calculations. In normal mode, the AHRS relies upon GPS and magnetic field measurements.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW GPS INPUT FAILURE NOTE: In-flight initialization of AHRS, when operating without any valid source of GPS data and at true air speed values greater than approximately 200 knots, is not guaranteed. Under these rare conditions, it is possible for in-flight AHRS initialization to take an indefinite amount of time which would result in an extended period of time where valid AHRS outputs are unavailable. The G1000 system provides two sources of GPS information.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW G1000 SYSTEM ANNUNCIATIONS NOTE: For a detailed description of all annunciations and alerts, refer to Appendix A. Refer to the (AFM/ POH) for additional information regarding pilot responses to these annunciations. When an LRU or an LRU function fails, a large red “X” is typically displayed on windows associated with the failed data (Figure 1-14 displays all possible flags and responsible LRUs). Upon G1000 power-up, certain windows remain invalid as equipment begins to initialize.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Another means of selecting softkeys on the MFD is by using the GCU 475 Control Unit: Selecting a softkey using the Control Unit 1) Move the softkey selection box to the desired softkey using the arrows of the SEL Key. 2) Press the center of the SEL Key to select the desired softkey. PFD SOFTKEYS The CDI, IDENT, TMR/REF, NRST, and ALERTS Softkeys undergo a momentary change to black text on gray background and automatically switch back to white text on black background when selected.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW PFD SYN VIS PATHWAY SYN TERR HRZN HDG APTSIGNS DFLTS WIND OPTN 1 OPTN 2 OPTN 3 OFF DME BRG1 HSI FRMT Displays the softkeys for selecting the two HSI formats 360 HSI ARC HSI BRG2 22 Displays second-level softkeys for additional PFD configurations Displays the softkeys for enabling or disabling Synthetic Vision features Displays rectangular boxes representing the horizontal and vertical flight path of the active flight plan Enables synthetic terrain depicti
SYSTEM OVERVIEW GND Manually selects Ground Mode, the transponder does not allow Mode A and Mode C replies, but it does permit acquisition squitter and replies to discretely addressed Mode S interrogations Automatically enters the VFR code (1200 in the U.S.A. only) Displays transponder code selection softkeys 0-7 Use numbers to enter code Removes numbers entered, one at a time Enables/disables automatic transmission of ADS-B position and speed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW (optional) ALERTS ADC1 ADC2 AHRS1 BACK AHRS2 ALERTS Select the BACK Softkey toreturn to the top level softkeys. Figure 1-18 SENSOR Softkeys (optional) ALERTS HSI FRMT SYN VIS ALERTS ALT UNIT Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys METERS 360 HSI IN HPA ARC HSI ALERTS ALERTS ALERTS PATHWAY SYN TERR HRZN HDG APTSIGNS ALERTS Figure 1-19 PFD Configuration Softkeys 24 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW (optional) ALERTS (optional) ADS-B TX ALERTS Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys. ALERTS Select the BACK Softkey to return to the previous level softkeys. Figure 1-20 XPDR Softkeys MFD SOFTKEYS MAP TRAFFIC PROFILE TOPO TERRAIN AIRWAYS (Default label is dependent on map setup option selected) STRMSCP NEXRAD XM LTNG METAR LEGEND BACK DCLTR (3) SHW CHRT CHKLIST 190-00663-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW (optional) DCLTR SHW CHRT CHKLIST MAP DCLTR DCLTR-1 DCLTR-2 DCLTR-3 (optional) (optional) (optional) (optional) (optional) TRAFFIC PROFILE TOPO TERRAIN AIRWAYS STRMSCP NEXRAD XM LTNG METAR LEGEND BACK Press the BACK softkey to return to the top-level softkeys. AIRWAYS AIRWY ON AIRWY LO AIRWY HI DONE EXIT EMERGCY The DONE Softkey label changes to UNDO when the checklist item is already checked.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW If the sensor annunciation persists, check for a system failure message in the Messages Window on the PFD. If no failure message exists, check the GPS Status Page and compare the information for GPS1 and GPS2. Discrepancies may indicate a problem. Viewing GPS receiver status information 1) Use the large FMS Knob to select the Auxiliary Page Group (see Section 1.7 for information on navigating MFD page groups). 2) Use the small FMS Knob to select GPS Status Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The GPS Status Page provides the following information: • Satellite constellation diagram Satellites currently in view are shown at their respective positions on a sky view diagram. The sky view is always in a north-up orientation, with the outer circle representing the horizon, the inner circle representing 45° above the horizon, and the center point showing the position directly overhead. Each satellite is represented by an oval containing the Pseudo-random noise (PRN) number (i.e.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Because of the tighter protection limit on approaches, there may be times when RAIM is not available. The G1000 automatically monitors RAIM and warns with an alert message when it is not available. If RAIM is not predicted to be available for the final approach course, the approach does not become active, as indicated by the messages “Approach is not active” and “RAIM not available from FAF to MAP”. If RAIM is not available when crossing the FAF, the missed approach procedure must be flown.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 7) Use the FMS Knob to enter an arrival time and press the ENT Key. 8) Use the FMS Knob to enter an arrival date and press the ENT Key. 9) With the cursor highlighting ‘COMPUTE RAIM?’, press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.7 ACCESSING G1000 FUNCTIONALITY MENUS The G1000 has a MENU Key that, when pressed, displays a context-sensitive list of options. This options list allows the user to access additional features or make settings changes which specifically relate to the currently displayed window/page. There is no all-encompassing menu. Some menus provide access to additional submenus that are used to view, edit, select, and review options.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW In the bottom right corner of the screen, the current page group, number of pages available in the group, and placement of the current page within the group are indicated. Page Groups Pages in Current Group Selected Page Figure 1-25 Page Group Icons The MFD displays information in four main page groups; specific pages within each group can vary depending on the configuration of optional equipment.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Waypoint Pages (WPT) Airport/Procedures/Weather Information Pages - Airport Information (INFO-1 Softkey) - Airport Directory Information (INFO-2 Softkey) - Departure Information (DP Softkey) - Arrival Information (STAR Softkey) - Approach Information (APR Softkey) - Weather Information (WX Softkey) Intersection Information NDB Information VOR Information Airport Information Pages User Waypoint Information Figure 1-27 Waypoint Pages Auxiliary Pages (AUX) Weight Planning Trip Planning
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Nearest Pages (NRST) Nearest Airports Nearest Intersections Nearest NDB Nearest VOR Nearest User Waypoints Nearest Frequencies Nearest Airspaces Figure 1-29 Nearest Pages In addition to the main page groups accessed exclusively using the FMS Knobs, there are pages for flight planning (FPL) and loading procedures (PROC) which are accessed by a dedicated key. In some instances, softkeys may be used to access the Procedure Pages. The Flight Plan Pages are accessed using the FPL Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The Procedure pages may be accessed at any time on the MFD by pressing the PROC Key. A menu is initialized, and when a departure, approach, or arrival is selected, the appropriate Procedure Loading Page is opened. Turning the FMS Knob does not scroll through the Procedure pages (note the single page icon in the lower right corner).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Restoring system setup defaults: 1) Select the AUX - System Setup Page. 2) Select the DFLTS Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Restore Defaults’, and press the ENT Key. Figure 1-32 System Setup Page 36 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Date/Time The G1000 obtains the current Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) date and time directly from the GPS satellite signals (shown on the AUX - GPS Status Page, Figure 1-22). System time (displayed in the lower right corner of the PFD) can be displayed in three formats: local 12-hr, local 24-hr, or UTC. Local time is set by adding/subtracting an offset (hours:minutes) to/from UTC. The time zone offset is not automatically updated as the aircraft moves from one time zone to another.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Pilot Profiles System settings may be saved under a pilot profile. When the system is powered on, the last selected pilot profile is shown on the MFD Power-up Splash Screen (Figure 1-8). The G1000 can store up to 25 profiles; the currently active profile, the amount of memory used, and the amount of memory available are shown at the top of the System Setup Page in the box labeled ‘Pilot Profile’. From here, pilot profiles may be created, selected, renamed, or deleted.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 8) With ‘CREATE’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to create the profile Or: Use the large FMS Knob to select ‘CREATE and ACTIVATE’ and press the ENT Key to activate the new profile. 9) To cancel the process, select ‘CANCEL’ with the large FMS Knob and press the ENT Key. Selecting an active profile: 1) Select the AUX - System Setup Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Display Units Units in which various quantities are displayed on the G1000 screens are listed on the System Setup Page. The Navigation Angle reference, the Temperature units, and the Position units can be set from here.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Arrival Alerts The Arrival Alert Box on the System Setup Page allows arrival alerts to be turned on/off and the alert trigger distance set. An arrival alert can be set to notify the pilot with a message upon reaching a userspecified distance from the final destination (the direct-to waypoint or the last waypoint in a flight plan). Once the set distance (up to 99.9 units) has been reached, an “Arrival at [waypoint]” message is displayed in the PFD Navigation Status Box.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM STATUS PAGE The System Status Page displays the status and software version numbers for all detected system LRUs. Pertinent information on all system databases is also displayed. Active LRUs are indicated by green check marks and failed LRUs are indicated by red “X”s. Failed LRUs should be noted and a service center or Garmin dealer informed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW UTILITY PAGE For flight planning purposes, timers, trip statistics, and a scheduler feature are provided on the AUX Utility Page. The timers available include a stopwatch-like generic timer, a total time in flight timer, and a record of the time of departure. Trip statistics—odometer, trip odometer, and average trip and maximum groundspeeds—are displayed from the time of the last reset. Refer to the Additional Features section for a dicussion on the Scheduler feature.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Setting the generic timer (PFD): 1) Press the TMR/REF Softkey. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the timer field (hh/mm/ss). 3) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired time and press the ENT Key. 4) With the UP/DN field highlighted, turn the small FMS Knob to select the timer counting direction (UP/DN) and press the ENT Key. 6) With ‘START?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to start the timer. The field changes to ‘STOP?’.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Figure 1-40 Timers (MFD AUX - Utility Page) The flight timer can be set to count up from zero starting at system power-up or from the time that the aircraft lifts off; the timer can also be reset to zero at any time. Setting the flight timer starting criterion 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the field next to the flight timer.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Resetting the departure time 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Use the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Reset Departure Time’ and press the ENT Key. Trip Statistics The odometer and trip odometer record the total mileage traveled from the last reset; these odometers can be reset independently. Resetting the trip odometer also resets the average trip groundspeed. Maximum groundspeed for the period of time since the last reset is also displayed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Scheduler The G1000’s Scheduler feature can be used to enter and display reminder messages (e.g., “Change oil”, “Switch fuel tanks”, “Overhaul”) in the Alerts Window on the PFD. Messages can be set to display based on a specific date and time (event), once the message timer reaches zero (one-time; default setting), or recurrently whenever the message timer reaches zero (periodic).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 9) For event-based messages: a) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired date (DD-MMM-YYY) and press the ENT Key. b) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next field. c) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired time (HH:MM) and press the ENT Key. 10) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to enter the next message. Deleting a scheduler message: 1) Select the AUX - Utility Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.8 DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING The PFD and MFD display backlighting, the PFD and MFD bezel, and the Audio Panel keys can be adjusted manually in one of two ways: • Using the individual dimmer bus control for the desired display, or • Using the PFD Setup Menu and the following procedures. In normal operating mode, backlighting can only be adjusted from the PFDs. In reversionary mode, adjustments can be made from any remaining displays.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Blank Page 50 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SECTION 2 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WARNING: In the event that the airspeed, attitude, altitude, or heading indications become unusable, refer to the backup instruments. NOTE: The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) provides additional readouts and bugs on selected flight instruments. Refer to the AFCS Section for details on these bugs and readouts, as they appear on the display during certain AFCS modes.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 22 21 20 19 18 1 17 16 2 15 14 3 13 4 12 5 11 6 10 7 9 8 1 NAV Frequency Box 12 Turn Rate Indicator 2 Airspeed Indicator 13 Altimeter Barometric Setting 3 Ground Speed 14 Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) 4 True Airspeed 15 Selected Altitude Bug 5 Current Heading 16 Altimeter 6 Selected Heading Bug 17 Selected Altitude 7 Outside Air Temperature (OAT) 18 COM Frequency Box 8 Softkeys 19 AFCS Status Box 9 System Time 20 Navigation Status Box 10
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 16 14 15 13 1 12 11 10 2 9 3 8 4 6 5 7 1 Traffic Annunciation 9 Selected Course 2 Selected Heading 10 Vertical Speed Required 3 Wind Data 11 Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) 4 Inset Map 12 Reversionary Sensor Window 5 DME Information Window (optional) 13 Comparator Window 6 Bearing Information Windows 14 Current VNV Target Altitude 7 Minimum Descent Altitude/ Decision Height Flight Plan Window 15 Terrain Annunciation 16 AFCS Status Annunciation
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.1 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AIRSPEED INDICATOR NOTE: Refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for speed criteria and Vspeed values. The Airspeed Indicator displays airspeed on a rolling number gauge using a moving tape. The true airspeed (TAS) is displayed in knots below the Airspeed Indicator. When displayed, the Mach number appears in place of the TAS. The ground speed is displayed to the left of the TAS.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Landing Takeoff Vspeeds can be changed and their flags turned on/off from the Timer/References Window. When active (on), the Vspeeds are displayed at their respective locations to the right of the airspeed scale. By default, all Vspeed values are reset and all flags turned off when power is cycled. Vspeed Flag VR R V50 50 VREF RF Table 2-1 Vspeed Flag Labels Vspeeds are categorized as either takeoff or landing.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Changing Vspeeds and turning Vspeed flags on/off: 1) Select the TMR/REF Softkey. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired Vspeed. 3) Use the small FMS Knob to change the Vspeed in 1-kt increments (when a speed has been changed from a default value, an asterisk appears next to the speed). 4) Press the ENT Key or turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the ON/OFF field 5) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to ON or counterclockwise to OFF.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ATTITUDE INDICATOR Attitude information is displayed over a virtual blue sky and brown ground with a white horizon line. The Attitude Indicator displays the pitch, roll, and slip/skid information. 9 8 1 7 2 6 3 4 5 1 Roll Pointer 2 Roll Scale 3 Horizon Line 4 Aircraft Symbol 5 Land Representation 6 Pitch Scale 7 Slip/Skid Indicator 8 Sky Representation 9 Roll Scale Zero Figure 2-8 Attitude Indicator The horizon line is part of the pitch scale.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The yellow symbolic aircraft on the Attitude Indicator changes appearance based on selection of AFCS flight director Command Bar format (see the AFCS Section for details). Both PFDs show the same Command Bar format and Aircraft Symbol. The Command Bar format (single-cue or cross-pointer) may be selected from the AUX - System Setup Page Figure 2-10. Changing Command Bar format: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page on the MFD.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ALTIMETER The Altimeter displays 600 feet of barometric altitude values at a time on a moving tape rolling number gauge. Numeric labels and major tick marks are shown at intervals of 100 feet. Minor tick marks are at intervals of 20 feet. The indicated altitude is displayed inside the black pointer. The Selected Altitude is displayed above the Altimeter in the box indicated by a selection bug symbol. A bug corresponding to this altitude is shown on the tape.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Displaying altitude in meters: 1) Press the PFD Softkey to display the second-level softkeys. 2) Press the ALT UNIT Softkey. 3) Press the METERS Softkey to turn on metric altitude readouts. 4) Press the BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys. The barometric pressure setting is displayed below the Altimeter in inches of mercury (in Hg) or hectopascals (hPa).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If the barometric altimeter settings differ between PFDs by more than 0.02 in Hg, the readouts turn yellow. The settings can be synchronized from the PFD Setup Menu. Once the settings are synchronized (BARO SYNC turned on), they remain synchronized until the setting is turned off. Synchronizing the altimeter barometric pressure settings: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page on the MFD. 2) If necessary, press the SETUP 1 Softkey to display the System Setup 1 Page.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS VERTICAL DEVIATION NOTE: The Glidepath Indicator is only shown when SBAS is available. The Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI; Figure 2-15) uses a magenta chevron to indicate the baro-VNV vertical deviation when Vertical Navigation (VNV) is being used; the VDI appears in conjunction with the “TOD within 1 minute” alert. Full-scale deflection (two dots) is 1000 feet. The VDI is removed from the display if vertical deviation becomes invalid.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR (HSI) The Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) displays a rotating compass card in a heading-up orientation. Letters indicate the cardinal points and numeric labels occur every 30˚. Major tick marks are at 10˚ intervals and minor tick marks at 5˚ intervals. A digital reading of the current heading appears on top of the HSI, and the current track is represented on the HSI by a magenta diamond indicator.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Arc HSI is a 140˚ expanded section of the compass rose. The Arc HSI contains a Course Pointer, To/From Indicator, a sliding deviation indicator (the To/From and deviation indicators are combined), and a deviation scale. Upon station passage, the To/From Indicator flips and points to the tail of the aircraft, just like a conventional To/From flag.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Navigation angles (track, heading, course, bearing) are corrected to the computed magnetic variation (‘Mag Var’) or referenced to true north (denoted ‘T’), set on the AUX - System Setup Page. When an approach referenced to true north has been loaded into the flight plan, the system generates a message to change the navigation angle setting to ‘True’ at the appropriate time.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS TURN RATE INDICATOR The Turn Rate Indicator is located directly above the rotating compass card. Tick marks to the left and right of the lubber line denote half-standard and standard turn rates. A magenta Turn Rate Trend Vector shows the current turn rate. The end of the trend vector gives the heading predicted in 6 seconds, based on the present turn rate.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When a bearing pointer is displayed, its associated information window is also displayed.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS COURSE DEVIATION INDICATOR (CDI) NOTE: If a heading change of greater than 105˚ with respect to the course is made, the CDI on the Arc HSI switches to the opposite side of the deviation scale and displays reverse sensing. The Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) moves left or right from the course pointer along a lateral deviation scale to display aircraft position relative to the course. If the course deviation data is not valid, the CDI is not displayed.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Changing navigation sources: 1) Select the CDI Softkey to change from GPS to VOR1 or LOC1. This places the light blue tuning box over the NAV1 standby frequency in the upper left corner of the PFD. 2) Select the CDI Softkey again to change from VOR1 or LOC1 to VOR2 or LOC2. This places the light blue tuning box over the NAV2 standby frequency. 3) Select the CDI Softkey a third time to return to GPS.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If the same VOR/LOC navigation source is selected on both PFDs, the navigation source annunciation turns yellow on both displays (unless synchronized). Once the CDIs are synchronized (CDI SYNC turned on), they remain synchronized until the setting is turned off. Synchronizing the CDIs: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page on the MFD. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the ‘CDI Sync’ in the Synchronization box.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS GPS steering guidance is still provided after the CDI automatically switches to LOC until LOC capture, up to the Final Approach Fix (FAF) for an ILS approach, or until GPS information becomes invalid. Activating a Vector-to-Final (VTF; see the Flight Management Section) also causes the CDI to switch to LOC navigation source; GPS steering guidance is not provided after this switch.
Departure Terminal Enroute (Oceanic if >200 nm from nearest airport) Refer to accompanying approach CDI scaling figures Terminal Approach 0.3 nm 1.0 nm 1.0 nm 2.0 nm 1.0 nm 0.3 nm CDI Full-scale Deflection FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Missed Approach Figure 2-30 Automatic CDI Scaling • When a departure procedure is active, the CDI is scaled for departure (0.3 nm). • The system switches from departure to terminal CDI scaling (1.
2 nm 2 nm FAF FAF CDI scale varies if VTF is activated 0.3 nm 1.0 nm angle based on database information course width angle set by system 350 ft 0.3 nm 1.0 nm CDI Full-scale Deflection CDI scale is set to the smaller of 0.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS OBS MODE NOTE: VNV is inhibited while automatic waypoint sequencing has been suspended. Enabling Omni-bearing Selector (OBS) Mode suspends the automatic sequencing of waypoints in a GPS flight plan (GPS must be the selected navigation source), but retains the current “active-to” waypoint as the navigation reference even after passing the waypoint. ‘OBS’ is annunciated to the lower right of the aircraft symbol when OBS Mode is selected (see Figure 2-33).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Enabling/disabling OBS Mode while navigating a GPS flight plan: 1) Select the OBS Softkey to select OBS Mode. 2) Turn the CRS Knob to select the desired course to/from the waypoint. Press the CRS Knob to synchronize the Selected Course with the bearing to the next waypoint. 3) Select the OBS Softkey again to return to automatic waypoint sequencing. As the aircraft crosses the missed approach point (MAP), automatic approach waypoint sequencing is suspended.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.2 SUPPLEMENTAL FLIGHT DATA NOTE: Selecting the DFLTS Softkey (a second-level PFD softkey) turns off metric Altimeter display, the Inset Map, and wind data display. In addition to the flight instruments, the PFD also displays various supplemental information, including temperatures, wind data, and Vertical Navigation (VNV) indications.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WIND DATA Wind direction and speed in knots can be displayed in a window to the upper left of the HSI. When the window is selected for display, but wind information is invalid or unavailable, the window shows “NO WIND DATA”. Wind data can be displayed in three different ways: Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 No Data Figure 2-36 Wind Data Displaying wind data: 1) Press the PFD Softkey. 2) Press the WIND Softkey to display wind data below the Selected Heading.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS VERTICAL NAVIGATION (VNV) INDICATIONS When a VNV flight plan has been activated, VNV indications (VNV Target Altitude, RVSI, VDI) appear on the PFD in conjunction with the “TOD within 1 minute” message and “Vertical track” voice alert. See the Flight Management and AFCS sections for details on VNV features. VNV indications are removed from the PFD according to the criteria listed in Table 2-3.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.3 PFD ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTING FUNCTIONS The following annunciations and alerting functions are displayed on the PFD. Refer to Appendix A for more information on alerts and annunciations. G1000 ALERTING SYSTEM Messages appear in the Alerts Window (in the lower right corner of the PFD; Figure 2-38) when a warning, caution, advisory alert, or G1000 message advisory occurs.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Critical values generated by redundant sensors are monitored by comparators. If differences in the sensors exceed a specified amount, the Comparator Window appears in the upper right corner of the PFD and the discrepancy is annunciated in the Comparator Window as a ‘MISCOMP’ (miscompare). If one or both of the sensed values are unavailable, it is annunciated as a ‘NO COMP’ (no compare).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS MARKER BEACON ANNUNCIATIONS Marker Beacon Annunciations are displayed on the PFD to the left of the Selected Altitude. Outer marker reception is indicated in blue, middle in yellow, and inner in white. Refer to the Audio Panel and CNS Section for more information on Marker Beacon Annunciations.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS TAWS ANNUNCIATIONS Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) annunciations appear on the PFD to the upper left of the Altimeter. Refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section and Appendix A for information on TAWS alerts and annunciations. Inset Map Enabled, Displaying Traffic When TA Detected Figure 2-45 Traffic and Example TAWS Annunciations ALTITUDE ALERTING The Altitude Alerting function provides the pilot with visual and aural alerts when approaching the Selected Altitude.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS LOW ALTITUDE ANNUNCIATION NOTE: The Low Altitude Annunciation is available only for aircraft with GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Units when SBAS is available. This annunciation is not shown unless TAWS is inhibited. When the Final Approach Fix (FAF) is the active waypoint in a GPS SBAS approach using vertical guidance, a Low Altitude Annunciation may appear if the current aircraft altitude is at least 164 feet below the prescribed altitude at the FAF.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The MDA/DH may be set from either PFD and is synchronized on both PFDs. The function is reset when the power is cycled. Setting the barometric or radar minimum descent altitude and bug: 1) Press the TMR/REF Softkey. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Minimums field. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight ‘BARO’ or ‘RAD ALT’. ‘OFF’ is selected by default. Press the ENT Key or turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the next field.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Figure 2-51 RAD ALT Setting (Timer/References Window) Figure 2-52 RA as Altitude Source for MDA/DH A ground line (Figure 2-53) is shown on the Altimeter to display the aircraft’s height relative to the ground. If the data becomes invalid, the message “RA FAIL” is displayed in yellow in the RA box (Figure 2-54). The Radar Altimeter test is done on the MFD but is displayed on the PFDs to the right of the current heading (Figure 2-55).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Enabling/Disabling the Radar Altimeter Test Mode: 1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX page group on the MFD. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Status Page. 3) Press the RA TEST Softkey to enable or disable the test. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to choose ‘Enable RA Test Mode’ or ‘Disable RA Test Mode’ (choice dependent on current state). 3) Press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.4 ABNORMAL OPERATIONS ABNORMAL GPS CONDITIONS The annunciations listed in Table 2-4 can appear on the HSI when abnormal GPS conditions occur; see Figure 2-50 for examples. Refer to the Flight Management Section for more information on Dead Reckoning Mode.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS UNUSUAL ATTITUDES When the aircraft enters an unusual pitch attitude, red extreme pitch warning chevrons pointing toward the horizon are displayed on the Attitude Indicator, starting at 50˚ above and 30˚ below the horizon line. Nose High Nose Low Figure 2-57 Pitch Attitude Warnings If pitch exceeds +30˚/-20˚ or bank exceeds 65˚, some information displayed on the PFD is removed.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM SECTION 3 ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM NOTE: The gauges displayed and the values shown in this section are taken from the Hawker Beechcraft C90A baseline configuration. Refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for specific values and operating limitations.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM 3.1 EIS DISPLAY 1 90 Displays Interstage Turbine Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) 2 Interstage Turbine Temperature (ITT) Torque (FT-LB) 3 Tachometer (Prop RPM) 4 Propeller Sync 5 Turbine Speed (% RPM) 6 7 Fuel Flow (FFLOW PPH) Oil Pressure (OIL PSI) Displays propeller speed in revolutions per minute (rpm); the red band indicates propeller overspeed Displays a diamond when propellers are in sync.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM C90A Baseline Configuration 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8 Figure 3-2 EIS Display 190-00663-02 Rev.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM TNTERSTAGE TURBINE TEMPERATURE The Interstage Turbine Temperature (ITT) Gauge is displayed at the top of the EIS. This gauge differs for engine start and running conditions. Values between 200 and 1200 degrees Celsius (°C) are shown at engine start; values change to 200 to 800° C once the engine has stabilized. A red triangle is displayed during engine start as an aide to not exceed maximum starting temperatures. This is available in both normal and reversionary modes.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM TACHOMETER (RPM) The Tachometer is located beneath the Torque gauge and displays the propeller speed in revolutions per minute (RPM) from 0 to 2500. A propeller overspeed is indicated if the propeller speed exceeds the maximum safe operating speed (red tick mark). The Tachometer is equipped with a propeller sync indicator, which points towards the higher-speed propeller. The indicator changes linearly with RPM difference between the left and right propellers.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM TURBINE SPEED The Turbine Speed Gauge is located beneath the Tachometer. Turbine speed is indicated as a percentage of the maximum operating speed (rpm) from 0 to 110%. Figure 3-8 Turbine Speed Gauge FUEL FLOW The Fuel Flow Gauge is displayed beneath the Turbine Speed gauge. Fuel Flow is displayed in pounds per hour (pph) from 0 to 600 pph. Figure 3-9 Fuel Flow Gauge 94 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM OIL PRESSURE The Oil Pressure Gauge is located beneath the Fuel Flow gauge. Oil pressure is displayed in pounds per square inch (psi) from 0 to 200 psi. Safe operating pressure is more than 80 psi and less than 100 psi. A red triangle represents the maximum transient oil pressure. Figure 3-10 Oil Pressure Gauge OIL TEMPERATURE The Oil Temperature Gauge is located beneath the Oil Pressure gauge. Oil temperature is displayed in degrees Celsius (°C).
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM 3.2 EIS DISPLAY IN REVERSIONARY MODE In the event of PFD1, PFD2 or MFD failure, the Display Backup button must be pressed to enter reversionary (or backup) mode. Reversionary mode is a mode of operation in which all important flight information is presented identically on at least one of the remaining displays (see Figure 3-12).
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM REVERSIONARY DISPLAY The EIS Reversionary Mode Display gauges are the same as normal mode, except they have a different shape and share one title (i.e. ITT, FUEL FLOW) for each pair of gauges. C90A Baseline Configuration Figure 3-14 EIS Reversionary Mode Display 190-00663-02 Rev.
ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM Blank Page 98 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SECTION 4 AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.1 OVERVIEW The Communication/Navigation/Surveillance (CNS) system includes the audio panels, communication radios, navigation radios, and Mode S transponders. The System Overview Section provides a block diagram description of the Audio Panels and CNS system interconnection.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS PFD CONTROLS AND FREQUENCY DISPLAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figure 4-1 PFD Controls, NAV/COM Frequency Tuning Boxes, and DME Tuning Window 100 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 1 NAV VOL/ID Knob – Controls NAV audio volume level. Press to turn the Morse code identifier audio on and off. Volume level is shown in the NAV frequency field as a percentage. 2 NAV Frequency Transfer Key – Transfers the standby and active NAV frequencies. 3 NAV Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the NAV receiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for kHz).
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Figure 4-2 Audio Panel Controls NOTE: When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated. 102 1 COM1 MIC – Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting. COM1 receive is simultaneously selected when this key is pressed allowing received audio from the #1 COM receiver to be heard. COM2 receive can be added by pressing the COM2 Key.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 6 COM3 – Reserved for optional COM radio. 7 PA – Selects the passenger address system. The selected COM transmitter is deselected when the PA Key is pressed. 8 TEL – Not used in Beechcraft C90A/GT aircraft. 9 MUSIC – Toggles the Music 1 input on or off. Pressing and holding toggles music muting on or off. 10 SPKR – Selects and deselects the on-side flight deck speaker. COM and NAV receiver audio can be heard on the speaker.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.2 COM OPERATION COM TRANSCEIVER SELECTION AND ACTIVATION NOTE: During PA Mode, the COM MIC Annunciator is extinguished and the COM active frequency color changes to white, indicating that neither COM transmitter is active. NOTE: When turning on the G1000 for use, the system remembers the last frequencies used and the active COM transceiver state prior to shutdown.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS TRANSMIT/RECEIVE INDICATIONS During COM transmission, a white TX appears by the active COM frequency. On the Audio Panel, when the active COM is transmitting, the active transceiver COM MIC Key Annunciator flashes approximately once per second. During COM signal reception, a white RX appears by the active COM frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SELECTING THE RADIO TO BE TUNED Press the small COM Knob to transfer the frequency selected for tuning and the Frequency Transfer Arrow between the upper and lower radio frequency fields. Press the COM Knob to Switch the Tuning Selection From One COM Radio to the Other Figure 4-6 Switching COM Tuning Boxes QUICK-TUNING AND ACTIVATING 121.500 MHZ Pressing and holding the COM Frequency Transfer Key for two seconds automatically loads the emergency COM frequency (121.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING THE COM FREQUENCY Tune COM frequencies from the following: • Nearest Airports Window (PFD) • NRST – Nearest Frequencies Page (ARTCC, FSS, WX) • WPT – Airport Information Page • NRST – Nearest Airspaces Page • NRST – Nearest Airports Page AUTO-TUNING FROM THE PFD Tune COM frequencies for the nearest airports from the Nearest Airports Window on the PFD. When the desired frequency is entered, it becomes a standby frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING FROM THE MFD Load frequencies into the COM Frequency Box from pages in the NRST or WPT page group by highlighting the frequency and pressing the ENT Key (Figures 4-9, 4-10, and 4-11). Auto-tuning a COM frequency from the WPT and NRST Pages: 1) From any page that the COM frequency can be auto-tuned, activate the cursor by pressing the FMS Knob or selecting the appropriate softkey. 2) Turn the FMS Knob to place the cursor on the desired COM frequency (Figure 4-11).
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Nearest Airports Menu Nearest Frequencies Menu Nearest Airspaces Menu Figure 4-10 Nearest Pages Menus On the WPT - Airport Information Page, place the cursor on the frequency field by pressing the FMS Knob and scrolling through the list. Transfer the frequency to the COM Standby Field with the ENT Key. Selected Airport Identifier and Information Runway Information Press ENT Key to load frequency into PFD1 COM Standby Field. Cursor then advances to the next frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Tune COM frequencies from the NRST – Nearest Airspaces, NRST – Nearest Frequencies, and NRST – Nearest Airports Pages on the MFD in a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key. Figure 4-12 NRST – Nearest Airspaces, NRST – Nearest Airports, and NRST – Nearest Frequencies Pages 110 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS FREQUENCY SPACING The G1000 COM radios can tune either 25-kHz spacing (118.000 to 136.975 MHz) or 8.33-kHz spacing (118.000 to 136.990 MHz) for 760-channel or 3040-channel configuration. When 8.33-kHz channel spacing is selected, all of the 25-kHz channel spacing frequencies are also available in the complete 3040-channel list. COM channel spacing is set on the System Setup 1 Page of the AUX Page Group. 8.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTOMATIC SQUELCH Automatic Squelch quiets unwanted static noise when no audio signal is received, while still providing good sensitivity to weak COM signals. To disable Automatic Squelch, press the VOL/SQ Knob. While Automatic Squelch is disabled, COM audio reception is continuous (static noise is heard over the headsets and speaker). Pressing the VOL/SQ Knob again enables Automatic Squelch. When Automatic Squelch is disabled, a white RX appears next to the COM frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.3 NAV OPERATION NAV RADIO SELECTION AND ACTIVATION The NAV Frequency Box is composed of four fields; two standby fields and two active fields. The active frequencies are on the right side and the standby frequencies are on the left. Press the CDI Softkey on the PFD to select a NAV radio for navigation. The active NAV frequency selected for navigation is displayed in green. Selecting the CDI Softkey once selects NAV1 as the navigation radio.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Select NAV radios for listening by pressing the corresponding keys on the Audio Panel. Pressing the NAV1, NAV2, ADF, or DME Key selects and deselects the navigation radio source. Selected audio can be heard over the headset and the speakers (if selected). All radios can be selected individually or simultaneously. Figure 4-18 Selecting a NAV Radio Receiver NAV RECEIVER MANUAL TUNING The NAV frequency controls and frequency boxes are on the left side of the PFDs.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SELECTING THE RADIO TO BE TUNED Press the small NAV Knob to transfer the frequency tuning selection and the Frequency Transfer Arrow between the upper and lower radio frequency fields. Press the NAV Knob to Switch the tuning selection from one NAV Radio to the other Figure 4-20 Switching NAV Tuning Boxes VOR/LOC ID When the Morse code Identifier audio is on for a NAV radio, a white ID appears to the left of the active NAV frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING A NAV FREQUENCY FROM THE MFD Select and load NAV frequencies from the following MFD pages: • WPT – Airport Information • NRST – Nearest VOR • WPT – VOR Information • NRST – Nearest Frequencies (FSS, WX) • NRST – Nearest Airports • NRST – Nearest Airspaces The MFD provides auto-tuning of NAV frequencies from waypoint and nearest pages. During enroute navigation, the NAV frequency is entered automatically into the NAV standby frequency field.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Or: 1) When on the NRST pages, press the MENU Key on the MFD control unit to display the page menu. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the menu options. 3) Press the ENT Key to place the cursor in the desired window. 4) Scroll through the frequency selections with the FMS Knob or the ENT Key. 5) Press the ENT Key to load the NAV frequency into the standby field of the selected NAV radio.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS In the example shown, the VOR list is selected with the VOR Softkey or from the page menu. Use the FMS Knob or ENT Key to scroll through the list. Place the cursor on the frequency with the FREQ Softkey and load it into the NAV Tuning Box with the ENT Key. Press the ENT Key to Load the Frequency into the NAV Standby Field.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS While enroute, tune NAV frequencies from the NRST – Nearest Airports, WPT – Airport Information, WPT – VOR Information, and NRST – Nearest Frequencies Pages on the MFD in a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key. Figure 4-26 NRST – Nearest Frequencies, WPT – VOR Information, WPT – Airport Information, and NRST – Nearest Airports Pages 190-009663-02 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING NAV FREQUENCIES ON APPROACH ACTIVATION NOTE: The primary NAV frequency is auto-tuned upon loading a VOR or ILS/Localizer approach. NOTE: When an ILS/LOC approach has been activated in GPS Mode, the system switches to NAV Mode as the final approach course is intercepted (within 15 nm of the FAF). See the Flight Management Section for details. NAV frequencies are automatically loaded into the NAV Frequency field on approach activation, on both PFD1 and PFD2.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS MARKER BEACON RECEIVER NOTE: The marker beacon indicators operate independently of marker beacon audio and cannot be disabled. The marker beacon receiver is used as part of an ILS. The marker beacon receiver is always on and detects any marker beacon signals within the reception range of the aircraft. The receiver detects the three marker tones – outer, middle, and inner – and provides the marker beacon annunciations located to the left of the Altimeter on the PFD.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS DME TUNING NOTE: When turning on the G1000 for use, the system remembers the last frequency used for DME tuning and the NAV1, NAV2, or HOLD state prior to shutdown. The G1000 System tunes the optional DME transceiver. Tune the UHF DME frequency by pairing with a VHF NAV frequency. DME frequency pairing is automatic and only the VHF NAV frequency is shown. The DME Tuning Window is located to the right of the HSI in the lower right corner of the PFD.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.4 GTX 33 MODE S TRANSPONDERS The GTX 33 Mode S Transponders provide Mode A, Mode C, and Mode S interrogation and reply capabilities.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS XPDR1 XPDR2 STBY ON ALT GND VFR XPDR IDENT CODE IDENT ADS-B TX BACK ALERTS Selecting the BACK Softkey returns to the top-level softkeys. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IDENT BKSP BACK ALERTS Selecting the BACK Softkey returns to the mode selection softkeys. Figure 4-30 Transponder Softkeys (PFD) Selecting and activating Transponder 1 or Transponder 2: 1) Select the XPDR Softkey to display the Transponder Mode Selection Softkeys.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS GROUND MODE Ground Mode is normally selected automatically when the aircraft is on the ground. The transponder powers up in the last mode it was in when shut down. Ground Mode can be overridden by selecting any one of the Mode Selection Softkeys. A green GND indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the Transponder Data Box.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS ALTITUDE MODE (AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL) Altitude Mode is automatically selected when the aircraft becomes airborne. Press the ALT Softkey to manually select Altitude Mode. If Altitude Mode is selected, a green ALT indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the Transponder Data Box, and all transponder replies requesting altitude information are provided with pressure altitude information.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS ENTERING A TRANSPONDER CODE Entering a transponder code with softkeys: 1) Select the XPDR Softkey to display the Transponder Mode Selection Softkeys. 2) Select the CODE Softkey to display the Transponder Code Selection Softkeys, for digit entry. 3) Select the digit softkeys to enter the code in the code field. When entering the code, the next softkey in sequence must be selected within 10 seconds, or the entry is cancelled and restored to the previous code.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS VFR CODE Press the XPDR Softkey, then the VFR Softkey to display the pre-programmed VFR code in the code field of the Transponder Data Box. Press the VFR Softkey again to restore the previous identification code. The pre-programmed VFR Code is set at the factory to 1200. If a VFR code change is required, contact a Garmin-authorized service center for configuration. VFR Code Figure 4-39 VFR Code IDENT FUNCTION NOTE: In Standby Mode, the IDENT Softkey is inoperative.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.5 ADDITIONAL AUDIO PANEL FUNCTIONS POWER-UP The Audio Panels perform a self-test during power-up. During the self-test all Audio Panel annunciator lights illuminate for approximately two seconds. Once the self-test is completed, most of the settings are restored to those in use before the unit was last turned off. The exceptions are the speaker and intercom, which are always selected during power up. MONO/STEREO HEADSETS Stereo headsets are recommended for use in this aircraft.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS INTERCOM Press the INTR COM Key on either Audio Panel to select and deselect the intercom on both Audio Panels. The annunciator is lit when the intercom is active. The intercom connects the pilot and copilot together. Either the pilot or copilot may select or deselect the intercom. The CABIN Key initiates two way communication between the pilot or copilot and the passengers in the cabin. The annunciator is lit when the cabin intercom is active on either Audio Panel.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS PASSENGER ADDRESS (PA) SYSTEM Press the PA Key to deliver messages to the passengers. The message is heard by the other pilot on the headset only if the INTR COM Key is enabled. PA messages are one way from the flight deck to the passengers. A Push-to-talk (PTT) must be pressed to deliver PA announcements to the passengers over their headphones.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS CLEARANCE RECORDER AND PLAYER NOTE: Pressing the Play Key on the pilot’s Audio Panel plays recorded audio to the Pilot. Pressing the Play Key on the Copilot’s Audio Panel plays recorded audio to the Copilot. The Audio Panel contains a digital clearance recorder that continually records up to 2.5 minutes of the selected COM radio signal. Recorded COM audio is stored in separate memory blocks. Once 2.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.6 AUDIO PANELS PREFLIGHT PROCEDURE NOTE: If the flight crew is using headsets that have a high/low switch or volume control knob, verify that the switch is in the high position and the volume control on the headsets are at max volume setting. On single‑pilot flights, verify that all other headsets are not connected to avoid excess noise in the audio system. NOTE: When the MAN SQ Key is pressed, the flight crew is now able to set the ICS squelch manually.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Setting the Audio Panels during preflight: 1) Verify that the INTR COM Key is selected. 2) Verify that the MAN SQ Annunciator is extinguished. 3) Turn the MSTR Knob (Master Volume Control) on both Audio Panels clockwise two full turns. This sets the headset audio level to max volume (least amount of attenuation). 4) Adjust radio volume levels (COM, NAV, etc.) to a suitable level. 5) Adjust the ICS volume Knob on each Audio Panel to the desired intercom level.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.7 ABNORMAL OPERATION Abnormal operation of the G1000 includes equipment failures of the G1000 components and failure of associated equipment, including switches and external devices. STUCK MICROPHONE If the push-to-talk (PTT) Key becomes stuck, the COM transmitter stops transmitting after 35 seconds of continuous operation. An alert appears on the PFD to advise the crew of a stuck microphone.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS PFD FAILURE, DUAL SYSTEM If PFD1 fails, COM1 and NAV1 display a red X on both remaining displays. NAV1 is unavailable. COM1 automatically tunes 121.500 MHz, but the frequency is not shown. The COM1 emergency frequency is available to both the copilot and pilot. Emergency Channel Loaded Automatically Figure 4-49 Frequency Section of PFD2 Display after PFD1 Failure If PFD2 fails, COM2 and NAV2 display a red X on the remaining PFD display. NAV2 is unavailable. COM2 tunes 121.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUDIO PANEL FAIL-SAFE OPERATION If there is a failure of both Audio Panels, a fail-safe circuit connects the pilot’s headset and microphone directly to the COM1 transceiver and the copilot’s headset directly to the COM2 transceiver. Audio is not available on the speakers. If there is a failure of one Audio Panel, the remaining one does not have access to the others side’s COM and NAV.
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FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SECTION 5 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.1 INTRODUCTION The G1000 is an integrated flight, engine, communication, navigation and surveillance system. This section of the Pilot’s Guide explains flight management using the G1000. The most prominent part of the G1000 are the three full color displays: two Primary Flight Displays (PFD) and a Multi Function Display (MFD). The information to successfully navigate the aircraft using the GPS sensors is displayed on the PFD and the MFD.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Navigation Status Box Navigation Mode Inset Map Location of: - Direct To Window - Flight Plan Window - Procedures Window - Nearest Airports Window Figure 5-1 GPS Navigation Information on the PFD Navigation Status Box Map Orientation Navigation Page Title Navigation Map - Aviation Data - Geographic Data - Topographic Data - Hazard Data Flight Plan Leg Aircraft Icon at Present Position Active Flight Plan Leg Map Range Figure 5-2 GPS Navigation Information on the MFD Navigation Pag
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT • Active flight plan leg (e.g., ‘D-> KICT’ or ‘KIXD -> KCOS’) or flight plan annunciations (e.g., ‘Turn right to 021˚ in 8 seconds’) The Navigation Status Box located at the top of the MFD contains four data fields, each displaying one of the following items: • Distance (DIS) and Bearing (BRG) to the next waypoint or flight plan annunciations (e.g.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.2 USING MAP DISPLAYS Map displays are used extensively in the G1000 to provide situational awareness in flight. Most G1000 maps can display the following information: • Airports, NAVAIDs, airspaces, airways, land data (highways, cities, lakes, rivers, borders, etc.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT • Desired track up (DTK UP) aligns the top of the map display to the desired course. • Heading up (HDG UP) aligns the top of the map display to the current aircraft heading. NOTE: When panning or reviewing active flight plan legs in a non-North Up orientation, the map does not show the map orientation nor the wind direction and speed. NOTE: Map orientation can only be changed on the Navigation Map Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired orientation. 5) Press the ENT Key to select the new orientation. 6) Press the FMS Knob to return to the base page. MAP RANGE There are 28 different map ranges available, from 500 feet to 2000 nm. The current range is indicated in the lower right corner of the map and represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT • Flight plans that have a combination of long and short legs cause the range to increase and decrease as waypoints sequence. To avoid this, auto zoom can be disabled or the maximum/minimum times can be adjusted. • The ‘time out’ time (configurable on the Map Setup Page for the Map Group) determines how long auto zoom is overridden by a manual adjustment of the range knob. At the expiration of this time, the auto zoom range is restored.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MAP PANNING Map panning allows the pilot to: • View parts of the map outside the displayed range without adjusting the map range • Highlight and select locations on the map • Review information for a selected airport, NAVAID or user waypoint • Designate locations for use in flight planning • View airspace and airway information When the panning function is selected by pressing the Joystick, the Map Pointer flashes on the map display.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT When the Map Pointer is placed on an object, the name of the object is highlighted (even if the name was not originally displayed on the map). When any map feature or object is selected on the map display, pertinent information is displayed. Information about Point of Interest Map Pointer on POI Figure 5-9 Navigation Map - Map Pointer on Point of Interest 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT When the Map Pointer crosses an airspace boundary, the boundary is highlighted and airspace information is shown at the top of the display. The information includes the name and class of airspace, the ceiling in feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL), and the floor in feet MSL. Information about Airspace Map Pointer on Airspace Figure 5-10 Navigation Map - Map Pointer on Airspace Panning the map: 1) Press the Joystick to display the Map Pointer.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Reviewing information for an airport, NAVAID, or user waypoint: 1) Place the Map Pointer on a waypoint. 2) Press the ENT Key to display the Waypoint Information Page for the selected waypoint. 3) Select the GO BACK Softkey, the CLR Key, or the ENT Key to exit the Waypoint Information Page and return to the Navigation Map showing the selected waypoint. NAVAID Information GO BACK Softkey Figure 5-11 Navigation Map - Information Window - NAVAID 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Viewing airspace information for a special-use or controlled airspace: 1) Place the Map Pointer on an open area within the boundaries of an airspace. 2) Press the ENT Key to display an options menu. 3) ‘Review Airspaces?’ should already be highlighted, if not select it. Press the ENT Key to display the Airspace Information Page for the selected airspace. 4) Press the CLR or ENT Key to exit the Airspace Information Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MEASURING BEARING AND DISTANCE Distance and bearing from the aircraft’s present position to any point on the viewable navigation map may be calculated using the ‘Measure Bearing and Distance’ selection from Navigation Map page menu. The bearing and distance tool displays a dashed Measurement Line and a Measure Pointer to aid in graphically identifying points with which to measure.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT TOPOGRAPHY All navigation maps can display various shades of topography colors representing land elevation, similar to aviation sectional charts. Topographic data can be displayed or removed as described in the following procedures. Topographic data can also be displayed on the selectable profile map at the bottom of the navigation map (the profile map is not available if TAWS-A is configured).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT TOPO DATA On/Off TOPO DATA Range Figure 5-15 Navigation Map Setup Menu - TOPO DATA Setup The topographic data range is the maximum map range on which topographic data is displayed. NOTE: Since the PFD Inset Map is much smaller than the MFD navigation maps, items are removed on the PFD Inset Map two range levels smaller than the range selected in the Map Setup pages (e.g.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Maximum Displayed Elevation Minimum Displayed Elevation Aircraft Altitude (MSL) Range of Displayed Elevations Ground Elevation at Map Pointer Location (only visible when Map Pointer is displayed) Figure 5-16 Navigation Map - TOPO SCALE Displaying/removing the topographic scale (TOPO SCALE): 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option. 2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MAP SYMBOLS This section discusses the types of land and aviation symbols that can be displayed. Each listed type of symbol can be turned on or off, and the maximum range to display each symbol can be set. The decluttering of the symbols from the map using the DCLTR Softkey is also discussed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AVIATION SYMBOLS The following items are configured on the aviation menu: Aviation Symbols (Text label size can be None, Small, Medium (Med), or Large (Lrg)) Symbol Default Maximum Range (nm) Range (nm) Active Flight Plan Leg (ACTIVE FPL) 2000 2000 Non-active Flight Plan Leg (ACTIVE FPL) 2000 2000 2000 250 150 50 3 Off 15 2000 500 300 100 20 100 30 Non-directional Beacon (NDB WAYPOINT) 15 30 VOR (VOR WAYPOINT) 150 300 Class B Airspace/TMA (CLASS B/TMA) 200 500 Class C
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYMBOL SETUP All pages with maps can display land symbols (roads, lakes, borders, etc). Land symbols can be removed totally (turned off). Displaying/removing all land symbols: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The Page Menu is displayed and the cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option. 2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Group Menu is displayed and the cursor flashes on the ‘Map’ option. 3) Highlight the ‘LAND DATA’ field. 4) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 9) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected range. 10) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MAP DECLUTTER The declutter feature allows the pilot to progressively step through four levels of removing map information. The declutter level is displayed in the DCLTR Softkey and next to the Declutter Menu Option. Declutter Level DCLTR Softkey Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 5-21 Navigation Map - Declutter Level Indications Decluttering the map: Select the DCLTR Softkey with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The current declutter level is shown.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Table 5-3 lists the items displayed at each declutter level. The ‘X’ represents map items displayed for the various levels of declutter.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AIRWAYS This airways discussion is based upon the North American airway structure. The airway structure in places other than North America vary by location, etc. and are not discussed in this book. Low Altitude Airways (or Victor Airways) primarily serve smaller piston-engine, propeller-driven airplanes on shorter routes and at lower altitudes. Airways are eight nautical miles wide and start 1,200 feet above ground level (AGL) and extend up to 18,000 feet mean sea level (MSL).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Airways may be displayed on the map at the pilot’s discretion using either a combination of AIRWAYS Softkey selections, or menu selections using the MENU Key from the Navigation Map Page. The Airway range can also be programmed to only display Airways on the MFD when the map range is at or below a specific number. Displaying/removing airways: 1) Select the MAP Softkey. 2) Select the AIRWAYS Softkey. Both High and Low Altitude Airways are displayed (AIRWY ON).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The following range items are configurable on the airways menu: Airway Type Symbol Low Altitude Airway (LOW ALT AIRWAY) Default Maximum Range (nm) Range (nm) 200 500 High Altitude Airway (HI ALT AIRWAY) 300 500 Table 5-4 Airway Range Information TRACK VECTOR The Navigation Map can display a track vector that is useful in minimizing track angle error. The track vector is a solid light blue line segment extended to a predicted location.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Wind Vector On/Off Nav Range Ring On/Off Track Vector - On/Off - Look Ahead Time Fuel Range - On/Off - Fuel Reserve Time Figure 5-25 Navigation Map Setup Menu -TRACK VECTOR, WIND VECTOR, NAV RANGE RING, FUEL RANGE RING Setup WIND VECTOR The map displays a wind vector arrow in the upper right-hand portion of the screen. Wind vector information is displayed as a white arrow pointing in the direction in which the wind is moving for wind speeds greater than or equal to 1 kt.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT NAV RANGE RING The Nav Range Ring shows the direction of travel (ground track) on a rotating compass card. The range is determined by the map range. The range is 1/4 of the map range (e.g., 7.5 nm on a 30 nm map). Range (radius) Nav Range Ring Figure 5-27 Navigation Map - Nav Range Ring NOTE: The Nav Range Ring is not displayed on the Waypoint Information pages, Nearest pages, or Direct-to Window map.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FUEL RANGE RING The map can display a fuel range ring which shows the remaining flight distance. A dashed green circle indicates the selected range to reserve fuel. A solid green circle indicates the total endurance range. If only reserve fuel remains, the range is indicated by a solid yellow circle.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FIELD OF VIEW (SVS) The map can display the boundaries of the PFD Synthetic Vision System (SVS) lateral field of view. The field of view is shown as two dashed lines forming a V shape in front of the aircraft symbol on the map. This is only available if SVS is installed on the aircraft. Lateral Field of View Boundaries Figure 5-29 Navigation Map - Field of View Displaying/removing the field of view: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SELECTED ALTITUDE INTERCEPT ARC The map can display the location along the current track where the aircraft will intercept the selected altitude. The location will be shown as a light blue arc when the aircraft is actuallly climbing or descending. Range to Altitude Arc Figure 5-30 Navigation Map - Range to Altitude Arc Displaying/removing the selected altitude intercept arc: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.3 WAYPOINTS Waypoints are predetermined geographical positions (internal database) or pilot-entered positions, and are used for all phases of flight planning and navigation. Communication and navigation frequencies can be tuned “automatically” from various Waypoint Information (WPT) pages, Nearest (NRST) pages, and the Nearest Airports Window (on PFD). This auto-tuning feature simplifies frequency entry over manual tuning.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Identifier with Duplicates Duplicate Waypoints Duplicate Message AIRPORTS Figure 5-32 Waypoint Information Window - Duplicate Identifier NOTE: ‘North Up’ orientation on the Airport Information Page cannot be changed; the pilot needs to be aware of proper orientation if the Navigation Map orientation is different from the Airport Information Page Map.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Airport Information - ID/Facility/City - Usage Type/Region - Lat/Long/Elev - Fuel Available - Time Zone (UTC Offset) Navigation Map Showing Selected Airport Runway Information - Designation - Length/Width/Surface - Lighting Available Airport/Runway Diagram COM/NAV Freq. Info.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Airport Directory Information Airport Information - ID/Facility/City - Usage Type/Region Softkeys Figure 5-34 Airport Directory Page Example The airport directory information is viewed on the Airport Directory Page by pressing the INFO softkey until INFO-2 is displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selecting an airport for review by identifier, facility name, or location: 1) From the Airport Information Page, press the FMS Knob. 2) Use the FMS Knobs and enter an identifier, facility name, or location. 3) Press the ENT Key. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor. Selecting a runway: 1) With the Airport Information Page displayed, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the ‘RUNWAYS’ Box, on the runway designator.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Bearing/Distance to Airport Airport Identifier/ Type Approach Available Length of Longest Runway COM Freq. Info. - Identification - Frequency Additional Airports (within 200 nm) NRST Softkey Figure 5-35 Nearest Airports Window on PFD Pressing the ENT Key displays the PFD Airport Information Window for the highlighted airport. Pressing the ENT Key again returns to the Nearest Airports Window with the cursor on the next airport in the list.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Nearest Airports - ID/Type - Bearing/Distance Airport Information - Facility/City/Elevation Runway Information - Designation/Surface - Length/Width Nearest Airport COM/NAV Freq. Info.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Viewing runway information for a specific airport: 1) With the Nearest Airports Page displayed, select the RNWY Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Select Runway Window’; and press the ENT Key. The cursor is placed in the ‘RUNWAYS’ Box. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired runway. 3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. See the Audio Panel and CNS Section for frequency selection and the Procedures section for approaches.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT INTERSECTIONS NOTE: The VOR displayed on the Intersection Information Page is the nearest VOR, not necessarily the VOR used to define the intersection. The Intersection Information Page is used to view information about intersections. In addition to displaying a map of the currently selected intersection and surrounding area, the Intersection Information Page displays intersection information in three boxes labeled ‘INTERSECTION’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘NEAREST VOR’.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The selected intersection is indicated by a white arrow. Up to sixteen intersections are visible at a time. If there are more than can be shown, the list can be scrolled. If there are no items for display, text indicating that fact is displayed. NOTE: The list only includes waypoints that are within 200 nm.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT NDBS The NDB Information Page is used to view information about NDBs. In addition to displaying a map of the currently selected NDB and surrounding area, the page displays NDB information in four boxes labeled ‘NDB’, ‘INFORMATION’, ‘FREQUENCY’, and ‘NEAREST AIRPORT’.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The Nearest NDB Page can be used to quickly find a NDB close to the flight path. In addition to displaying a map of the surrounding area, the page displays information for up to 25 nearest NDBs in three boxes labeled ‘NEAREST NDB’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘FREQUENCY’. A white arrow before the NDB identifier indicates the selected NDB. Up to sixteen NDBs are visible at a time. If there are more than can be shown, each list can be scrolled. The list only includes waypoints that are within 200nm.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT VORS The VOR Information Page can be used to view information about VOR and ILS navigation signals, or to quickly auto-tune a VOR or ILS frequency. Localizer information cannot be viewed on the VOR Information Page. If a VOR station is combined with a TACAN station it is listed as a VORTAC on the VOR Information Page and if it includes only DME, it is displayed as VOR-DME.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Or: 1) With the Nearest VOR Page displayed, press the MENU Key. 2) Highlight ‘Select VOR Window’, and press the ENT Key. 3) Press the ENT Key or turn either FMS Knob to select an identifier in the Nearest VOR Box. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. The Nearest VOR Page can be used to quickly find a VOR station close to the aircraft. Also, a NAV frequency from a selected VOR station can be loaded from the Nearest VOR Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT USER WAYPOINTS The system can create and store up to 1,000 user-defined waypoints. User waypoints can be created from any map page (except PFD Inset Map, AUX-Trip Planning Page, or Procedure Pages) by selecting a position on the map using the Joystick, or from the User Waypoint Information Page by referencing a bearing/distance from an existing waypoint, bearings from two existing waypoints, or a latitude and longitude.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Nearest User Wpt List - Identifier - Bearing/Distance from aircraft position Navigation Map Showing Selected User Waypoint Selected User Waypoint User Waypoint Info - Comment - Lat/Long Reference Wpt Info - Identifier - Radial/Distance Figure 5-46 Nearest User Waypoint Page CREATING USER WAYPOINTS User waypoints can be created from the User Waypoint Information Page in the following ways: Creating user waypoints from the User Waypoint Information Page: 1) Select the NEW Softkey,
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5) Press the ENT Key to accept the new waypoint. 6) If desired, change the storage method of the waypoint to “TEMPORARY” or “NORMAL” by moving the cursor to “TEMPORARY” and selecting the ENT Key to check or uncheck the box. 7) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. Or: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 2) Enter a user waypoint name (up to six characters). 3) Press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Creating user waypoints from map pages: 1) Press the Joystick to activate the panning function and pan to the map location of the desired user waypoint. 2) Press the ENT Key. The User Waypoint Information Page is displayed with the captured position.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Renaming user waypoints: 1) Highlight a user waypoint in the User Waypoint List. Select the RENAME Softkey, or press the MENU Key and select ‘Rename User Waypoint’. 2) Enter a new name. 3) Press the ENT Key. The message ‘Do you want to rename the user waypoint AAAAAA to BBBBBB?’ is displayed. 4) With ‘YES’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. 5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT DELETING USER WAYPOINTS Deleting a single user waypoint: 1) Highlight a User Waypoint in the User Waypoint List, or enter a waypoint in the User Waypoint field. 2) Select the DELETE Softkey or press the CLR Key. ‘Yes’ is highlighted in the confirmation window. 3) Press the ENT Key. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. Or: 1) Highlight a User Waypoint in the User Waypoint List, or enter a waypoint in the User Waypoint field. 2) Press the MENU Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.4 AIRSPACES The G1000 can display the following types of airspaces: Class B/TMA, Class C/TCA, Class D, Restricted, MOA (Military), Other Airspace, Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ), and Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR). Class D Airspace MOA (Military) Class B Airspace Restricted Area TFR Alert Area Class C Airspace ADIZ Warning Area Figure 5-48 Airspaces 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The Nearest Airspaces Page, Airspace Alerts Window, and Airspace Alerts on the PFD provide additional information about airspaces and the location of the aircraft in relationship to them. The Airspace Alerts Box allows the pilot to turn the controlled/special-use airspace message alerts on or off. This does not affect the alerts listed on the Nearest Airspaces Page or the airspace boundaries depicted on the Navigation Map Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Airspace Alerts Box - Airspace Altitude Buffer - Alert On/Off (Default Settings Shown) DFLTS Softkey Figure 5-49 System Setup Page - Airspace Alerts Map ranges for the airspace boundaries are selected from the Aviation Group in the Map Setup Menu. See Table 5-2 for the default and maximum ranges for each type of airspace and the symbol used to define the airspace area. 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The Nearest Airspaces Page can be used to quickly find airspaces close to the flight path. In addition, a selected frequency associated with the airspace can be loaded from the Nearest Airspaces Page. In addition to displaying a map of airspace boundaries and surrounding area, the Nearest Airspaces Page displays airspace information in four boxes labeled ‘AIRSPACE ALERTS’, ‘AIRSPACE, AGENCY’, ‘VERTICAL LIMITS’, and ‘FREQUENCIES’.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Pressing the PFD ALERTS Softkey displays the message window on the PFD. The following airspace alerts are displayed in the message window: Message INSIDE ARSPC – Inside airspace. ARSPC AHEAD – Airspace ahead – less than 10 minutes. ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near and ahead. ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near – less than 2 nm. Comments The aircraft is inside the airspace. Special use airspace is ahead of aircraft. The aircraft penetrates the airspace within 10 minutes.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.5 DIRECT-TO-NAVIGATION The Direct-to method of navigation, initiated by pressing the Direct-to Key on either the MFD or PFD, is quicker to use than a flight plan when the desire is to navigate to a single point such as a nearby airport. Once a direct-to is activated, the G1000 establishes a point-to-point course line from the present position to the selected direct-to destination.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Direct-to Point Info - Identifier/Symbol/City - Facility Name VNV Constraints - Altitude at Arrival - Along Track Offset Direct-to Point Info - Bearing/Distance - Desired Course Activation Command Figure 5-52 Direct-to Window - PFD Any waypoint can be entered as a direct-to destination from the Direct-to Window. Entering a waypoint identifier, facility name, or city as a direct-to destination: 1) Press the Direct-to Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selecting an active flight plan waypoint as a direct-to destination: 1) While navigating an active flight plan, press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed with the active flight plan waypoint as the default selection. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob counter-clockwise to display a list of flight plan waypoints (the FPL list is populated only when navigating a flight plan). 3) Select the desired waypoint. 4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selecting a nearby airport as a direct-to destination: 1) Select the NRST Softkey on the PFD; or turn the FMS Knob to display the Nearest Airports Page and press the FMS Knob. 2) Select the desired airport (the nearest one is already selected). 3) Press the Direct-to Key. 4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’. 5) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to. Direct-to destinations may also be selected by using the pointer on the navigation map pages.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Page Menu - Cancel Direct-To Navigation Figure 5-54 Direct-to Window - Cancelling Direct-to Navigation When navigating a direct-to, the G1000 sets a direct great circle course to the selected destination. The course to a destination can also be manually selected using the course field (‘COURSE’) on the Direct-to Window. Selecting a manual direct-to course: 1) Press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed with the destination field highlighted.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT A direct-to with altitude constraints creates a descent path (and provides guidance to stay on the path) from the aircraft’s current altitude to the altitude of the direct-to waypoint. The altitude is reached at the waypoint, or at the specified distance along the flight path if an offset distance has been entered.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Removing a VNV altitude constraint: 1) Press the Direct-to Key to display the Direct-to Window. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With ‘Clear Vertical Constraints’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. Page Menu - Clear Vertical Navigation Constraints Figure 5-55 Direct-to Window - Clearing Vertical Constraints 200 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.6 FLIGHT PLANNING Flight planning on the G1000 consists of building a flight plan by entering waypoints one at a time, adding waypoints along airways, and inserting departures, airways, arrivals, or approaches as needed. The G1000 allows flight planning information to be entered from either the MFD or PFD.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The following could cause the airway update to fail: • Airway identifier, entry waypoint or exit waypoint not found in the new database. • Airway entry/exit waypoint is not an acceptable waypoint for the airway – either the waypoint is no longer on the airway, or there is a new directional restriction that prevents it being used. • Loading the new airway sequence would exceed the capacity of the flight plan.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Active Flight Plan Comment Active Flight Plan Leg Active Flight Plan Waypoint List - Waypoint ID - Desired Track to Waypoint - Distance to Waypoint - Airway Identifier Figure 5-57 Active Flight Plan Window on PFD Catalog Contents - # Used - # Empty Flight Plan List - Comment Selected Flight Plan Map Selected FPL Info - Departure Waypoint - Destination Waypoint - Total Flight Plan Distance - Enroute Safe Altitude Softkeys Figure 5-58 Flight Plan Catalog Page The active flight plan
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. (Turning it clockwise displays a blank Waypoint Information Window, turning it counter-clockwise displays the Waypoint Information Window with a waypoint selection submenu allowing selection of active flight plan, nearest, recent, user, or airway waypoints). 4) Enter the identifier, facility, or city name of the departure waypoint or select a waypoint from the submenu of waypoints and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Flight plans can be imported from an SD Card or exported to an SD Card from the Stored Flight Plan Page. Importing a Flight Plan from an SD Card 1) Insert the SD card containing the flight plan in the top card slot on the MFD. 2) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 4) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 5) Turn either FMS Knob to highlight an empty or existing flight plan.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT NOTE: If the imported flight plan contains a waypoint with a name that duplicates the name of a waypoint already stored on the system, the system compares the coordinates of the imported waypoint with those of the existing waypoint. If the coordinates are different, the imported waypoint is automatically renamed by adding characters to the end of the name. Exporting a Flight Plan to an SD Card 1) Insert the SD card into the top card slot on the MFD.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ADDING WAYPOINTS TO AN EXISTING FLIGHT PLAN Waypoints can be added to the active flight plan or any stored flight plan. Choose the flight plan, select the desired point of insertion, enter the waypoint, and it is added in front of the selected waypoint. Flight plans are limited to 99 waypoints (including waypoints within airways and procedures). If the number of waypoints in the flight plan exceeds 99, the message “Flight plan is full. Remove unnecessary waypoints.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Adding a waypoint to a stored flight plan: 1) On the Flight Plan Catalog Page, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 2) Highlight the desired flight plan. 3) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the ENT Key, turn the large FMS Knob clockwise to select “EDIT” and press the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed. 4) Select the point in the flight plan to add the new waypoint. The new waypoint is placed directly in front of the highlighted waypoint.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Creating and adding user waypoints to the active flight plan: 1) Press the Joystick to activate the panning function on the Active Flight Plan Page and pan to the map location of the desired user waypoint. 2) Select the LD WPT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Load Waypoint’, and press the ENT Key. The user waypoint is created with a name of USRxxx (using the next available in sequence) and is added to the end of the active flight plan.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 4) Turn the small FMS Knob one click clockwise and select the LD AIRWY Softkey, or press the MENU Key and select “Load Airway”. The Select Airway Page is displayed. The LD AIRWY Softkey or the “Load Airway” menu item is available only when a valid airway entry waypoint has been chosen (the waypoint ahead of the cursor position). 5) Turn the FMS Knob to select the desired airway from the list, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Inserted Airway Header - Airway Identifier: [airway identifier].[exit waypoint identifier] (e.g., V4.SLN) Figure 5-66 Active Flight Plan Page - Airway Inserted RESTRICTIONS ON ADDING AIRWAYS Some airways have directional restrictions on all or part of the route. For example, Airway “A2” in Europe has a directional restriction over the whole route such that it can be flown only in the direction MTD-ABBBNE-DEVAL.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ADDING PROCEDURES TO A STORED FLIGHT PLAN The G1000 allows the pilot to insert pre-defined instrument procedures from the navigation database into a flight plan. The procedures are designed to facilitate routing of traffic leaving an airport (departure), arriving at an airport (arrival), and landing at an airport (approach). See the procedures section for more details.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT DEPARTURE (DP) A Departure Procedure (DP) is loaded at the departure airport in the flight plan. Only one departure can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of a departure, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Departure Airport Selected Departure Selected Runway Preview of Selected Departure Selected Transition Departure Transition Points Available Selected Departure End Point Figure 5-69 Departure Loading Page - Selecting Transition Inserted Departure Header - Departure Identifier: [departure airport]-[departure runway]. [departure transition]. [departure end point] (e.g., KMKC-ALL.WLDCT2.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ARRIVAL (STAR) A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) is loaded at the destination airport in the flight plan. Only one arrival can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of an arrival, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Destination Airport Selected Arrival Selected Transition Transitions Available with DBRY1 Arrival Waypoint Sequence Preview of Selected Arrival Figure 5-72 Arrival Loading Page - Selecting the Transition Inserted Arrival Header - Arrival Identifier: [arrival airport]-[arrival transition]. [arrival].[arrival runway] (e.g., KCOS-TBE.DBRY1.ALL) Figure 5-73 Stored Flight Plan Page - Arrival Inserted 216 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT APPROACH (APPR) An Approach Procedure (APPR) can be loaded at any airport that has an approach available. Only one approach can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route for a selected approach is defined by designating transition waypoints.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Destination Airport Selected Approach Selected Transition Transitions Available with Selected Approach Preview of Selected Approach Approach Waypoint Sequence Load Approach? Figure 5-75 Approach Loading Page - Selecting the Transition Inserted Approach Header - Approach Identifier: [approach airport].[runway and approach type] (e.g.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT PLAN STORAGE The G1000 can store up to 99 flight plans, numbered 1 through 99. The active flight plan is erased when the G1000 is powered off or when another flight plan is activated. Details about each stored flight plan can be viewed on the Flight Plan Catalog Page and on the Stored Flight Plan Page. Viewing information about a stored flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key on the MFD to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ACTIVATE A FLIGHT PLAN Activating a stored flight plan erases the active flight plan and replaces it with the flight plan being activated. Inverting a stored flight plan reverses the waypoint order, erases the active flight plan, and replaces it with the flight plan being activated (the stored flight plan is not changed). Activating a stored flight plan on the MFD: 1) Press the FPL Key and turn the small FMS Knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT DELETE A STORED FLIGHT PLAN Individual or all stored flight plans can be deleted from the G1000 memory. Deleting a stored flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key and turn the small FMS Knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan. 3) Select the DELETE Softkey; press the CLR Key; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Delete Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT DELETING FLIGHT PLAN ITEMS Individual waypoints, entire airways, and entire procedures can be deleted from a flight plan. Some waypoints in the final approach segment (such as the FAF or MAP) can not be deleted individually. Attempting to delete a waypoint that is not allowed results in a window displaying ‘Invalid flight plan modification.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Deleting an individual waypoint from a stored flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited. 4) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited. 4) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ALONG TRACK OFFSETS A waypoint having an “along track offset” distance from an existing waypoint can be entered into a flight plan. Along track offset waypoints lie along the path of the existing flight plan, and can be used to make the system reach a specified altitude before or after reaching the specified flight plan waypoint. Offset distances can be entered from 1 to 99 nm in increments of 1 nm.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 4) Enter a positive or negative offset distance in the range of +/- 1 to 99 nm (limited by leg distances). 5) Press the ENT Key to create the offset waypoint. 6) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. PARALLEL TRACK The Parallel Track (PTK) feature allows creation of a parallel course offset of 1 to 50 nm left or right of the current flight plan.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Offset Direction Offset Distance Activation Prompt Figure 5-80 Parallel Track Window Parallel Track Waypoints - TIFTO-p - TOP-p - ULNAZ-p - ... Activating Parallel Track affects the active flight plan from the current position on (will not affect an approach) Parallel Track Original Track Figure 5-81 Parallel Track Active If the parallel track proposed by the offset direction and distance is not allowed by the system, the activation prompt is displayed, but disabled.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Approach Leg Active’. If the offset direction and distance results in an unreasonable route geometry the status indicates that the system is unable to activate the parallel track because of invalid geometry.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ACTIVATING A FLIGHT PLAN LEG The G1000 allows selection of a highlighted leg as the “active leg” (the flight plan leg which is currently used for navigation guidance). Activating a flight plan leg: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD). 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD) and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the destination waypoint for the desired leg.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT New Active Flight Plan Leg Confirmation Window Figure 5-85 Active Flight Plan Page - New Active Leg INVERTING A FLIGHT PLAN Any flight plan may be inverted (reversed) for navigation back to the original departure point. Inverting the active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD). 2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Invert Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT PLAN VIEWS Information about flight plans can be viewed in more than one way. The active flight plan can be configured to show cumulative distance over the length of the flight plan or the distance for each leg of the flight plan; and the active flight plan can be viewed in a narrow or wide view. In the wide view, additional information is displayed: Fuel Remaining (FUEL REM), Estimated Time Enroute (ETE), Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA), and Bearing to the waypoint (BRG).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Active Flight Plan Narrow View Active Flight Plan Wide View WIDE Softkey, NARROW Softkey, LEG-LEG Softkey, CUM Softkey Figure 5-87 Active Flight Plan - Wide vs. Narrow View COLLAPSING AIRWAYS The G1000 allows airways on the active flight plan to be collapsed or expanded from the Active Flight Plan Page/Window. When airways have been collapsed, it is indicated on the airway heading.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Q3.FEPOT Airway Collapsed View Expanded View Figure 5-88 Expanded/Collapsed Airways Collapsing/expanding the airways in the active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD). 2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Collapse Airways’ or ‘Expand Airways’, and press the ENT Key. The airways are collapsed/expanded.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.7 VERTICAL NAVIGATION NOTE: The G1000 supports vertical navigation for all lateral leg types except for CA, CI, FA, FM, HA, HM, PI, VA, VD, VI, VR, and VM. Vertical constraints are not retained in stored flight plans. The G1000 system Vertical Navigation (VNV) feature provides vertical profile guidance during the enroute and teminal phases of flight. Guidance based on specified altitudes at waypoints in the active flight plan or to a direct-to waypoint is provided.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Enabling VNV guidance: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 2) Select the ENBL VNV Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Enable VNV’, and press the ENT Key. Vertical navigation is enabled, and vertical guidance begins with the waypoint shown in the CURRENT VNV PROFILE box (defaults first waypoint in the active flight plan with an altitude enabled for vertical navigation (e.g., HABUK)).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Activating a vertical navigation direct-to: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired waypoint. NOTE: The selected waypoint must have a designated altitude constraint (light blue number) to be used. If not, the first waypoint in the flight plan with a designated altitude constraint is selected.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT White Text Light Blue Text Light Blue Subdued Text Large Altitude calculated by the system Text estimating the altitude of the aircraft as it passes over the navigation point. This altitude is provided as a reference and is not designated to be used in determining vertical speed and deviation guidance. Altitude has been entered manually. Altitude is designated for use in giving vertical speed and deviation guidance.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT An altitude constraint is invalid if: • Meeting the constraint requires the aircraft to climb • Meeting the constraint requires the maximum flight path angle (6° down) or maximum vertical speed (-6000 fpm) to be exceeded • The altitude constraint results in a TOD behind the aircraft present position • The constraint is within a leg type for which altitude constraints are not supported • The altitude constraint is added to the FAF of an approach that provides vertical guidance (i.e.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Reverting a manually entered altitude constraint back to the navigation database value: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude constraint. 3) Press the CLR Key. A ‘Remove or Revert to published VNV altitude of nnnnnFT?’ confirmation window is displayed. 4) Select ‘REVERT’ and press the ENT Key. The altitude is changed to the navigation database value.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.8 PROCEDURES The G1000 can access the whole range of instrument procedures available. Departures (DPs), arrivals (STARs), and non-precision and precision approaches (APPRs) are stored within the database and can be loaded using any Procedures (PROC) Key. The selected procedure for the departure or arrival airport is added to the active flight plan.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Available Procedure Actions Loaded Procedures Departure Airport Departure Choices Departure Preview Figure 5-92 Departure Selection Selected Departure Loaded Departure Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys Figure 5-93 Departure Loading 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Viewing available departures at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the DP Softkey. The Departure Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page. 2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and press the ENT Key. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Departure. The departure is previewed on the map.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ARRIVALS A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) can be loaded at any airport that has one available. Only one arrival can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. If an arrival is loaded when another arrival is already in the active flight plan, the new arrival replaces the previous arrival. The route is defined by selection of an arrival, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selected Arrival Loaded Arrival Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys Figure 5-95 Arrival Loading Viewing available arrivals at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the STAR Softkey. The Arrival Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport Information Page. 2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT REMOVING AN ARRIVAL FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN When plans change while flying IFR, arrivals can be easily removed from the Active Flight Plan. Removing an arrival from the active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD). 2) Press the MENU Key, and highlight ‘Remove Arrival’. 3) Press the ENT Key. A confirmation window is displayed listing the arrival procedure. 4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The G1000 SBAS GPS allows for flying LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, and LPV approaches according to the published chart. LNAV+V is a standard LNAV approach with advisory vertical guidance provided for assistance in maintaining a constant vertical glidepath similar to an ILS glideslope on approach. This guidance is displayed on the G1000 PFD in the same location as the ILS glideslope using a magenta diamond. In all cases where LNAV+V is indicated by the system during an approach, LNAV minima are used.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Destination Airport Available Procedure Actions Loaded Procedures Approach Preview Approach Choices Figure 5-96 Approach Selection Selected Approach Loaded Approach Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys LOAD or ACTIVATE? Annunciation Figure 5-97 Approach Loading 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Viewing available approaches at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the APR Softkey. The Approach Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page. 2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and press the ENT Key. 3) Press the FMS Knob, then turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Approach.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ACTIVATING AN APPROACH A previously loaded approach can be activated from the Procedures Window. Activating a previously loaded approach: 1) Press the PROC Key. The Procedures Window is displayed with ‘Activate Approach’ highlighted. 2) Press the ENT Key to activate the approach. In many cases, it may be easiest to “load” the full approach while still some distance away, enroute to the destination airport.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MISSED APPROACH Activating a missed approach in the active flight plan: 1) Press the PROC Key. 2) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘ACTIVATE MISSED APPROACH’. 3) Press the ENT Key. The aircraft automatically sequences to the MAHP. Or: Press the Go-Around Button. COURSE TO ALTITUDE In this missed approach procedure, the altitude immediately following the MAP (in this case ‘6368ft’) is not part of the published procedure.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.9 TRIP PLANNING The G1000 allows the pilot to view trip planning information, fuel information, and other information for a specified flight plan or flight plan leg based on automatic data, or based on manually entered data. Weight planning is also available, based on manually entered fuel data and the active flight plan (to estimate remaining fuel).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT • Calibrated airspeed (CALIBRATED AS) - The primary source is from the air data system, and the secondary source of information is GPS ground speed. • Indicated altitude (IND ALTITUDE) - The primary source is the barometric altitude, and the secondary source of information is GPS altitude. TRIP STATISTICS The trip statistics are calculated based on the selected starting and ending waypoints and the trip planning inputs.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FUEL STATISTICS The fuel statistics are calculated based on the selected starting and ending waypoints and the trip planning inputs. Some of the calculated trip statistics are dashed when the selected leg of the active flight plan has already been flown. • Fuel efficiency (EFFICIENCY) - This value is calculated by dividing the current ground speed by the current fuel flow. • Time of fuel endurance (TOTAL ENDUR) - This time is shown as hours:minutes.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selected Flight Plan Selected Leg(s) Not Available Not Available Selected Starting and Ending Waypoints Figure 5-101 Trip Planning Page - Waypoint Mode Selecting automatic or manual page mode: Select the AUTO Softkey or the MANUAL Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Auto Mode’ or ‘Manual Mode’, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT WEIGHT PLANNING NOTE: All weight planning page data fields display data rounded to the nearest 10 pounds or 5 kilograms.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Entering the number of passengers: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the ‘PASSENGERS #’ field. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the number of passengers. 3) Press the ENT Key to confirm the entry. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. Entering the average passenger weight: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the passenger weight field. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the average passenger weight.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT When the aircraft is in the air and a destination waypoint has been entered, the fuel calculations can be completed. • Estimated landing weight = zero fuel weight + estimated landing fuel weight.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.10 RAIM PREDICTION RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) is a GPS receiver function that performs a consistency check on all tracked satellites. RAIM ensures that the available satellite geometry allows the receiver to calculate a position within a specified RAIM protection limit (2.0 nm for oceanic, 2.0 nm for enroute, 1.0 nm for terminal, and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. (Turning it clockwise displays a blank Waypoint Information Window, turning it counter-clockwise displays the Waypoint Information Window with a waypoint selection submenu allowing selection of active flight plan, nearest, recent, user, or airway waypoints).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SBAS Status SBAS SELECTION Box - EGNOS Enable/Disable - MSAS Enable/Disable - WAAS Enable/Disable RAIM Softkey SBAS Softkey (displays SBAS Selection) (displays RAIM PREDICTION) Figure 5-104 SBAS Display - Active 260 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Enabling/Disabling SBAS: 1) Select the AUX-GPS Status Page. 2) Press the SBAS Softkey. 3) Press the FMS Knob, and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘EGNOS’, ‘MSAS’ or ‘WAAS’. 4) Press the ENT Key to disable SBAS. Press the ENT Key again to enable SBAS.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.11 NAVIGATING A FLIGHT PLAN The following discussion is an example of navigating a flight plan with the SBAS capable GPS system while the G1000 provides vertical guidance through descents. A lateral flight plan (LNAV) would be navigated in much the same way, but would not include vertical guidance when the final approach course is active. NOTE: The following example flight plan is for instructional purposes only. All database information depicted should be considered not current.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 3) ATC now assigns routing to join V4. A heading of 290º is assigned to intercept V4. The aircraft turns to heading 290° as seen in Figure 5-107. Figure 5-107 Assigned Heading of 290º 4) Enter V4 into the flight plan. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT b) The desired entry point for V4 (TOP) must be entered. Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan insertion point (SLN) as shown in Figure 5-108. When the V4 entry point (TOP) is inserted, it is placed immediately above the highlighted waypoint (SLN). Figure 5-108 Begin Adding V4 to the Flight Plan c) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. Enter the desired entry point for V4, Topeka VOR (TOP), as shown in Figure 5-109.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT d) Press the ENT Key. TOP is inserted into the flight plan as in Figure 5-110. Figure 5-110 TOP Inserted into the Flight Plan e) With SLN still highlighted as in Figure 5-110, turn the small FMS Knob clockwise. The Waypoint Information Page is displayed and the LD AIRWY Softkey is now available. f) Select the LD AIRWY Softkey to display the list of available airways for TOP as seen in Figure 5-111.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT h) Press the ENT Key. The list of available exits for V4 is now displayed as in Figure 5-112. Figure 5-112 List of Available Exits for V4 i) If necessary, turn either FMS Knob to select the desired exit. In this case Salina VOR (SLN) is selected as in Figure 5-112. j) Press the ENT Key. The selected airway and exit are displayed, and the prompt “LOAD?” highlighted as in Figure 5-113. Figure 5-113 Ready to Load V4 k) Press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT l) V4 is now loaded into the flight plan as shown in Figure 5-114. Figure 5-114 V4 is Loaded in the Flight Plan 5) Making V4 the active leg of the flight plan. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. b) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ULNAZ. The TO waypoint of the leg is selected in order to activate the leg. c) Select the ACT LEG Softkey. The confirmation window is now displayed as in Figure 5-115. Note the TOP to ULNAZ leg is actually part of V4.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT d) Verify the displayed leg is the desired leg and press the ENT Key. Note in Figure 5-116, the magenta arrow in the flight plan window and magenta line on the map indicating V4 is now the active flight plan leg. Note the phase of flight remained in Terminal (TERM) mode up to this point because a departure leg was active. Since a leg after the departure is now active, the current CDI flight phase is ENR (Enroute) and CDI scaling has changed to 2.0 nm.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 7) As the CDI approaches center, the aircraft turns onto the active leg as seen in Figure 5-117. Figure 5-117 Turn on to Active Leg 8) At SLN, Victor Airway 244 (V244) is intercepted. Turn prompts are displayed in the PFD Navigation Status Box as seen in Figure 5-118. Figure 5-118 Turn to Intercept V244 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 9) As seen in Figure 5-119, V244 is now the active flight plan leg. Figure 5-119 V244 Now Active Leg 270 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 10) At Lamar VOR (LAA) V263 is intercepted. See Figure 5-120. Figure 5-120 WIZGE to LAA Leg Active 11) ATC grants clearance to proceed direct to the OPSHN intersection to begin the arrival procedure. ATC advises to expect an altitude of 10,000 feet at OPSHN. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. b) Turn the large FMS Knob to select OPSHN in the flight plan list. 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT c) Press the Direct-to ( ) Key. The Direct-to Window is now displayed as shown in Figure 5-121. Figure 5-121 Direct To OPSHN d) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the VNV altitude field as shown in Figure 5-122. Figure 5-122 Enter VNV Altitude e) An altitude of 10,000 feet is entered as requested by ATC. 272 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT f) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed in the VNV offset field as shown in Figure 5-123. Figure 5-123 Enter VNV Offset Distance g) Enter the offset, or distance from the waypoint at which to reach the selected altitude. In this case, three miles prior to OPSHN is entered. In other words, the G1000 gives vertical guidance so the aircraft arrives at an altitude of 10,000 feet three miles prior to OPSHN. 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT h) Press the ENT Key twice to activate the direct-to. Note, in Figure 5-124, the magenta arrow indicating the directto OPSHN after the offset waypoint for OPSHN. The preceding offset waypoint indicates the offset distance and altitude that were previously entered. The remaining waypoints in the loaded arrival procedure have no database specified altitudes, therefore, dashes are displayed. Keep the CDI centered and maintain a track along the magenta line to OPSHN.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT b) ‘SELECT APPROACH’ should be highlighted as shown in Figure 5-125. Figure 5-125 Procedures Window c) Press the ENT Key. A list of available approaches for the destination airport is displayed as in Figure 5-126. Figure 5-126 List of Available Approaches d) Turn either FMS Knob to select the LPV approach for 35R as shown in Figure 5-126. 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT e) Press the ENT Key. A list of available transitions for the selected approach is displayed as in Figure 5-127. Figure 5-127 List of Available Transitions f) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired transition. In this case, the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) at HABUK is used. g) Press the ENT Key. h) Barometric Minimums To set ‘MINIMUMS’, turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘BARO’, and press the ENT Key. Turn the small FMS Knob to select the altitude, and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-128 Barometric Minimums Set i) With ‘LOAD?’ highlighted, again press the ENT Key. The selected approach is added to the flight plan as seen in Figure 5-129. Figure 5-129 Loaded Approach 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 13) Note the altitude constraints associated with each of the approach waypoints as seen in Figure 5-130. These altitudes are loaded from the database and are displayed as light blue text, indicating these values are “designated” for use in computing vertical deviation guidance. Note: To no longer use the displayed altitude for calculating vertical deviation guidance, perform the following: a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 14) As the aircraft approaches OPSHN, it may be desirable to adjust the speed, or steepness of the upcoming descent. The default Flight Path Angle (FPA) is -3.5 degrees and a required vertical speed is computed to maintain the -3.5 FPA. To change the vertical flight path, perform the following steps. a) Select the VNV PROF Softkey to place the cursor in the target vertical speed field (VS TGT) as shown in Figure 5-131.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 15) As seen in Figure 5-132, the aircraft is approaching TOD. Note the target vertical speed required to reach the selected altitude. The Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) and the Required Vertical Speed Indicator (RVSI) are now displayed on the PFD as shown in Figure 5-133. When the aircraft is within one minute of the TOD, it is annunciated as shown in Figure 5-133, and an aural alert ‘Vertical track’ will be heard.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 16) Upon reaching TOD, a descent vertical speed is established by placing the VSI pointer in line with the RVSI as shown in Figure 5-134. Keep Vertical Deviation Indicator Centered Align Actual Vertical Speed with Required Vertical Speed Figure 5-134 VDI & RVSI Showing Correctly Established Descent 17) When the aircraft is one minute from the bottom of descent (BOD) it is annunciated as shown in Figure 5-135. Upon reaching the offset waypoint for OPSHN, the aircraft is at 10,000 feet.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 18) The aircraft is approaching OPSHN. The upcoming turn and next heading are annunciated at the top left of the PFD as seen in Figure 5-136. Initiate the turn and maneuver the aircraft on a track through the turn radius to intercept the magenta line for the OPSHN to FSHER leg and center the CDI. Figure 5-136 Turn to intercept OPSHN to FSHER Leg 282 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 19) After passing OPSHN, the next leg of the arrival turns magenta as shown in Figure 5-137. The magenta arrow in the flight plan list now indicates the OPSHN to FSHER leg of the arrival procedure is now active. Figure 5-137 Tracking the OPSHN to FSHER Leg 20) The flight continues through the arrival procedure to PYNON (see Figure 5-138).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-138 Approaching PYNON 284 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 21) Upon passing PYNON the approach procedure automatically becomes active. The approach may be activated at any point to proceed directly to the IAF. In this example, the aircraft has progressed through the final waypoint of the arrival and the flight plan has automatically sequenced to the IAF as the active leg, activating the approach procedure (see Figure 5-139).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 22) The IAF is the next waypoint. At the TOD, establish a descent vertical speed as previously discussed in Step 16. The aircraft altitude is 9,000 feet upon reaching HABUK. Figure 5-141 Descending Turn to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) 286 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 23) After crossing FALUR the next waypoint is the FAF. The flight phase changes to LPV on the HSI indicating the current phase of flight is in Approach Mode and the approach type is LPV. CDI scaling changes accordingly and is used much like a localizer when flying an ILS approach. The RVSI is no longer displayed and the VDI changes to the Glidepath Indicator (as shown in Figure 5-142) when the final approach course becomes active. Figure 5-142 Descending to the FAF 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 24) After crossing CEGIX, the aircraft continues following the glidepath to maintain the descent to “AT or ABOVE” 6,370 feet at the Missed Approach Point (MAP) (RW35R) as seen in Figure 5-143. Figure 5-143 Descending to the Missed Approach Point In this missed approach procedure, the altitude immediately following the MAP (in this case ‘6368ft’) is not part of the published procedure.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 25) Upon reaching the MAP, it is decided to execute a missed approach. Automatic waypoint sequencing is suspended past the MAP. Select the SUSP Softkey on the PFD to resume automatic waypoint sequencing through the missed approach procedure. A direct-to is initiated to MOGAL, which is the Missed Approach Hold Point (MAHP) as seen in Figure 5-144. The aircraft is climbing to 10,000 feet. The CDI flight phase now changes from LPV to MAPR as seen on the HSI.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 26) The aircraft continues climbing to “AT or ABOVE” 10,000 feet at MOGAL. A holding pattern is established at the MAHP (MOGAL) as shown in Figure 5-145. Figure 5-145 Establishing the Holding Pattern 27) The aircraft maintains 10,000 feet while following the magenta line through the hold as in Figure 5-146. Figure 5-146 Hold Established 290 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.12 ABNORMAL OPERATION This section discusses the Dead Reckoning mode of operation and the subsequent indications. NOTE: Dead Reckoning Mode only functions in Enroute (ENR) or Oceanic (OCN) phase of flight. In all other phases, an invalid GPS solution produces a “NO GPS POSITION” annunciation on the map and the G1000 stops using GPS.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Distance & Bearing Current Track Indicator Ground Speed Dead Reckoning Annunciaion Wind Data GPS Navigation Lost Message Course Deviation Indicator Bearing Pointer/ Distance Wind Data Nav Data Bar All data except Active Leg, TAS, and DTK are in yellow Dead Reckoning Annunciation Subdued Aircraft Symbol Figure 5-147 Dead Reckoning Mode - GPS Derived Data Shown in Yellow NOTE: The Inset Map is removed from the PFD any time aircraft pitch is greater than +30° or less than –20°, or
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SECTION 6 HAZARD AVOIDANCE Hazard avoidance features available for the G1000 are designed to aid situational awareness and provide advisory information with regard to potential hazards to flight safety associated with weather, terrain, and air traffic.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.1 SIRIUSXM WEATHER WARNING: Do not use data link weather information for maneuvering in, near, or around areas of hazardous weather. Information contained within data link weather products may not accurately depict current weather conditions. The GDL 69A is a remote-mounted satellite data link receiver. It provides SiriusXM Weather data to the system.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Audio Radio ID (for SiriusXM Satellite Radio) Data Radio ID (for XM Weather) Weather Products (Available Products for Service Class Indicated in Green) Select INFO Softkey to Display XM Information Page Figure 6-1 XM Information Page Select LOCK Softkey to Lock Subscription Information USING SIRIUSXM SATELLITE WEATHER PRODUCTS The principal map for viewing SiriusXM Weather information is the Map - Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE NEXRAD Weather Product Symbol and Age (U.S. and Canada) NEXRAD Weather Product Selected for Display Figure 6-2 Weather Data Link (XM) Page WARNING: Do not use the indicated data link weather product age to determine the age of the weather information shown by the data link weather product.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Expiration Time (Minutes) 30 Broadcast Rate (Minutes) 5 (U.S.) 10 (Canada) Cloud Top (CLD TOP) 60 15 Echo Top (ECHO TOP) 30 7.5 SiriusXM Lightning (XM LTNG) 30 5 Cell Movement (CELL MOV) 30 1.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Cloud Top (CLD TOP) + Echo Top (ECHO TOP) + XM Lightning (LTNG) + Cell Movement (CELL MOV) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SIGMETs/AIRMETs (SIG/AIR) + METARs + + + City Forecast (CITY) + Surface Analysis (SFC) + Freezing Levels (FRZ LVL) + Winds Aloft (WIND) +* + + County Warnings (COUNTY) + Cyclone Warnings (CYCLONE) + Icing Potential (ICNG) + PIREPs + + AIREPs + + Turbulence (TURB) + No Radar Coverage + + + TFRs + +
HAZARD AVOIDANCE WEATHER SOFTKEYS ON THE WEATHER DATA LINK (XM) PAGE Softkeys control the display of weather information on most MFD pages and the PFD Inset Map (Figure 6-3 shows the weather product softkeys for the Weather Data Link (XM) Page). When a weather product is selected for display, the corresponding softkey label changes to gray to indicate the product is enabled.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Setting up and customizing the Weather Data Link (XM) Page: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With ‘Weather Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-4). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘PRODUCT GROUP 1’ or ‘PRODUCT GROUP 2’, and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-5). 5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Maps besides the Weather Data Link (XM) Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page. Setting up and customizing weather data for the Navigation Map Page: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-6). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Weather’ Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-7).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Each active weather product has an associated legend which can be displayed on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. Viewing legends for displayed weather products 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. 2) Select the LEGEND Softkey to display the legends for the displayed weather products. Or: a) Press the MENU Key. b) Select ‘Weather Legend’ and press the ENT Key. 3) Turn the FMS Knob to scroll through the legends if more are available than fit in the window.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE NEXRAD WARNING: Do not use the indicated data link weather product age to determine the age of the weather information shown by the data link weather product. Due to time delays inherent in gathering and processing weather data for data link transmission, the weather information shown by the data link weather product may be significantly older than the indicated weather product age.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying NEXRAD weather information: 1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, press the INSET Softkey). This step is not necessary on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. 2) Select the NEXRAD Softkey. The system shows a composite image from all the NEXRAD radar sites in the United States. This information shows the maximum reflectivity from the individual radar sweeps. The display of the information is colorcoded to indicate the weather severity level.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE • NEXRAD base reflectivity does not provide sufficient information to determine cloud layers or precipitation characteristics (wet hail vs. rain). For example, it is not possible to distinguish between wet snow, wet hail, and rain. • NEXRAD base reflectivity is sampled at the minimum antenna elevation angle. An individual NEXRAD site cannot depict high altitude storms at close ranges. It has no information about storms directly over the site.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE NEXRAD Limitations (Canada) • Radar coverage extends to 55ºN. • Any precipitation displayed between 52ºN and 55ºN is displayed as mixed because the type is unknown. No Coverage Above 55°N Precipitation Above 52°N Displays as Mixed Figure 6-13 NEXRAD Data - Canada 306 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE ECHO TOPS NOTE: Echo Tops cannot be displayed at the same time as Cloud Tops or NEXRAD data is displayed. Echo Tops data (Figure 6-14) shows the location, elevation, and direction of the highest radar echo. The highest radar echo does not indicate the top of a storm or clouds; rather it indicates the highest altitude at which precipitation is detected. Information is derived from NEXRAD data.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE CLOUD TOPS NOTE: Cloud Tops and Echo Tops cannot be displayed at the same time. Cloud Tops data (Figure 6-16) depicts cloud top altitudes as determined from satellite imagery. Figure 6-16 Cloud Tops Data Displaying Cloud Tops information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page with the FMS Knob. 2) Select the CLD TOP Softkey. To display the Cloud Tops legend (Figure 6-17), select the LEGEND Softkey when Cloud Tops is selected for display.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SIRIUSXM LIGHTNING NOTE: SiriusXM Lightning data cannot be displayed at the same time as optional Stormscope® lightning data. The SiriusXM Lightning weather product (Figure 6-18) shows the approximate location of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes. A strike icon represents a strike that has occurred within a two-kilometer region. The exact location of the lightning strike is not displayed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE CELL MOVEMENT The Cell Movement weather product (Figure 6-20) shows the location and movement of storm cells as identified by the ground-based system. Cells are represented by yellow squares, with direction of movement indicated with short, orange arrows. Storm Cells Figure 6-20 Cell Movement Data On most applicable maps, the Cell Movement weather product is selected for display along with the NEXRAD weather product.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SIGMETS AND AIRMETS SIGMET (SIGnificant METeorological Information) and AIRMET (AIRmen’s METeorological Information) are issued for potentially hazardous weather. A Convective SIGMET is issued for hazardous convective weather such as severe or widespread thunderstorms. A localized SIGMET is a significant weather condition occurring at a localized geographical position.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Sample SIGMET Text SIGMET/AIRMET Legend Figure 6-23 SIGMET/AIRMET Text and Legend METARS AND TAFS NOTE: Atmospheric pressure as reported for METARs is given in hectopascals (hPa), except for in the United States, where it is reported in inches of mercury (in Hg). Temperatures are reported in Celsius. NOTE: METAR information is only displayed within the installed navigation database service area.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Instructions for Viewing METAR and TAF Text Selected Airport Figure 6-24 METAR Flags on the Weather Data Link Page TAFs (Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts) are weather predictions for specific airports within a 24- hour period, and may span up to 36 hours. TAFs typically include forecast wind, visibility, weather phenomena, and sky conditions using METAR codes. METAR and TAF text are displayed on the Weather Information Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 3) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired airport and press the ENT Key. 4) Use the FMS Knob or the ENT Key to scroll through the METAR and TAF text. Note that the METAR text must be completely scrolled through before scrolling through the TAF text. Decoded METAR Text METAR Symbol METAR Text TAF Text Figure 6-25 METAR with Text Raw METAR text is also accessible while panning the map cursor over a METAR flag on any map page on which a METAR is displayed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-26 METAR Legend SURFACE ANALYSIS AND CITY FORECAST NOTE: Surface Analysis and City Forecast data are displayed only within the installed Aviation Database service area. The Surface Analysis and City Forecast (Figure 6-27) weather products are available for current and forecast weather conditions. Forecasts are available for intervals of 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE To display the Surface Analysis and City Forecast legend (Figure 6-28), select the LEGEND Softkey when Surface Analysis and City Forecast are selected to be displayed. Figure 6-28 Surface Analysis Legend 316 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE FREEZING LEVEL The Freezing Level weather product (Figure 6-29) shows the color-coded contour lines for the altitude and location at which the first isotherm is found. When information is displayed for a given altitude, the data for that altitude has not been received, or is out of date and has been removed from the display. New data appears when it becomes available. Figure 6-29 Freeze Level Data Displaying Freezing Level information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE WINDS ALOFT The Winds Aloft weather product (Figure 6-31) shows the forecast wind speed and direction at the surface and at selected altitudes. Altitude can be displayed in 3000-foot increments beginning at the surface up to 42,000 feet MSL. Displaying Winds Aloft data: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page with the FMS Knob. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the WIND Softkey. 4) Select the desired altitude level: SFC (surface) up to 42,000 feet.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE NOTE: Profile View is not available in TAWS-A installations. Headwind and tailwind components aloft are available inside the Profile View on the Navigation Map Page (Figure 6-33). The displayed components are relative to current aircraft altitude and track, but not to aircraft speed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Showing/Hiding Profile View (containing winds aloft data) 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Select the PROFILE Softkey. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘Show Profile View’ or ‘Hide Profile View’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key. Winds Aloft data inside the Profile View is enabled by default when the Profile View is displayed on the Navigation Map Page. This behavior can be changed on the Navigation Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE COUNTY WARNINGS The County Warnings weather product (Figure 6-37) provides specific public awareness and protection weather warnings from the National Weather Service (NWS). This can include information on tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, and flood conditions.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE CYCLONE The Cyclone weather product (Figure 6-39) shows the current location of cyclones (hurricanes), tropical storms, and their projected tracks. Cyclone Figure 6-39 Cyclone Data Selected for Display Displaying cyclone (hurricane) track information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page with the FMS Knob. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the CYCLONE Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE ICING (CIP & SLD) Current Icing Product (CIP) information (Figure 6-41) shows a graphical view of the icing environment. Icing severity is displayed in four categories: light, moderate, severe, and extreme (not specific to aircraft type). The CIP product is not a forecast, but a presentation of the conditions at the time of the analysis.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE TURBULENCE The Turbulence weather product (Figure 6-43) identifies the potential for erratic movement of high-altitude air mass associated winds. Turbulence is classified as light, moderate, severe or extreme, at altitudes between 21,000 and 45,000 feet. Turbulence data is intended to supplement AIRMETs and SIGMETs. Displaying Turbulence data: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the TURB Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE PIREPS AND AIREPS Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs) (Figure 6-45) are weather observations collected from pilots. When significant weather conditions are reported or forecast, Air Traffic Control (ATC) facilities are required to solicit PIREPs. A PIREP may contain adverse weather conditions, such as low in-flight visibility, icing conditions, wind shear, and turbulence. PIREPs are issued as either Routine (UA) or Urgent (UUA). Another type of PIREP is an Air Report (AIREP).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Decoded PIREP Text Raw PIREP Text Figure 6-46 PIREP Text on the Weather Data Link Page To display the PIREP or AIREP legend (Figure 6-47), select the LEGEND Softkey when PIREPs or AIREPs are selected for display. The PIREP color is determined by the type (routine or urgent). Figure 6-47 AIREPs & PIREPs Legend TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS (TFRS) NOTE: Do not rely solely upon data link services to provide Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) information.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The system does not display the age TFR product was assembled on the ground by the data provider is not shown; however, if TFR product is not available or has expired, the system displays ‘TFR N/A’ in the upper-left corner of maps on which the display of TFR information is enabled. TFR Summary Data TFR Selected with Map Pointer Figure 6-48 TFR Data on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page Displaying TFR Data: 1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page or Navigation Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The setup menus for the Navigation Map Page control the map range settings above which TFR data is decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than the TFR product map range setting is selected, the TFR product data is removed from the map. Maps other than the Navigation Map Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page. Setting up and customizing TFR data for maps on which TFR data can be displayed: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.2 AIRBORNE COLOR WEATHER RADAR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The Garmin GWX 68 Airborne Color Weather Radar is a four-color digital pulsed radar with 6.5 kilowatts of output power. It combines excellent range and adjustable scanning profiles with a high-definition target display. The pulse width is four microseconds (µs) on all ranges except the 2.5 nm range.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE NEXRAD AND AIRBORNE WEATHER RADAR Both Airborne Weather Radar and NEXRAD measure weather reflectivity in decibels (dB). A decibel is a logarithmic expression of the ratio of two quantities. Airborne Weather Radar measures the ratio of power against the gain of the antenna, while NEXRAD measures the energy reflected back to the radar, or the radar reflectivity ratio. Both systems use colors to identify the different echo intensities, but the colors are not interchangeable.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE RADAR SIGNAL ATTENUATION The phenomenon of radar signal attenuation affects the operation of weather radar. When the radar signal is transmitted, it is progressively absorbed and scattered, making the signal weaker. This weakening, or attenuation, is caused by two primary sources, distance and precipitation. Attenuation because of distance is due to the fact that the radar energy leaving the antenna is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-55 Precipitation Type and Reflectivity Ground Returns The intensity of ground target returns depends upon the angle at which the radar beam strikes the ground target (Angle of Incidence) and the reflective properties of that target. The gain can be adjusted so shorelines, rivers, lakes, and cities are well-defined. Increasing the gain too much causes the display to fill in between targets, thus obscuring some landmarks. Cities normally provide a strong return signal.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-56 Angle of Incidence A smaller incident angle gives the radar a larger detectable range of operation and the target display shows a higher intensity. Since more radar energy is reflected back to the antenna with a low incident angle, the resulting detectable range is increased for mountainous terrain. SAFE OPERATING DISTANCE The following information establishes a minimum safe distance from the antenna for personnel near operating weather radar.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE MPEL Boundary 11’ for 12” antenna Figure 6-57 MPEL Boundary BASIC ANTENNA TILT SETUP The following discussion is a simple method for setting up the weather radar antenna tilt for most situations. It is not to be considered an all encompassing setup that works in all situations, but this method does provide good overall parameters for the monitoring of threats.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 4000 3000 Change in Antenna Tilt 2000 +4° +3° +2° +1° 0° -1° -2° -3° -4° 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 10 nm Vertical Change of Radar Beam (feet) Also, after setting up the antenna tilt angle as described previously, ground returns can be monitored for possible threats. The relationship between antenna tilt angle, altitude, and distance is one degree of tilt equals 100 feet of altitude for every one nautical mile.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Thunderstorms Updrafts and downdrafts in thunderstorms carry water through the cloud. The more severe the drafts, the greater the number and size of the precipitation droplets. With this in mind, the following interpretations can be made from what is displayed on the weather radar. Avoid these areas by an extra wide margin. • In areas where the displayed target intensity is red or magenta (indicating large amounts of precipitation), the turbulence is considered severe.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-60 The Blind Alley - Horizontal Scan In areas of multiple heavy cells, use the Vertical Scan feature along with antenna tilt management to examine the areas. Remember to avoid shadowed areas behind targets. The Blind Alley at Close Range The Large Storm Behind Figure 6-61 The Blind Alley Tornadoes There are no conclusive radar target return characteristics which identify a tornado.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Hail Hail results from updrafts carrying water high enough to freeze. Therefore, the higher the top of a thunderstorm, the greater the probability that it contains hail. Vertically scanning the target return can give the radar top of a thunderstorm that contains hail. Radar top is the top of a storm cell as detected by radar. It is not the actual top, or true top of the storm. The actual top of a storm cell is seen with the eyes in clear air and may be much higher than the radar top.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Radar Mode Scan Line Antenna Stabilization Status Figure 6-62 Horizontal Scan Display Displaying weather on the Weather Radar Page: 1) Select the Weather Radar Page in the Map Page Group with the FMS Knob. 2) Select the MODE Softkey. 3) While on the ground, select the STANDBY Softkey. A one-minute warm-up period is initiated (countdown is displayed on the screen). After the warm-up is complete, the radar enters the Standby Mode. a) Select the WEATHER Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 4) Turn the RANGE Knob to select the desired map range. 5) The horizontal scan is initially displayed (Figure 6-64). If desired, select the VERTICAL Softkey to change to vertical scanning. Vertically scanning a storm cell: NOTE: Vertical scanning of a storm cell should be done with the aircraft wings level to avoid constant adjustment of the Bearing Line. 1) While in the Horizontal Scan view, select the BRG Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The RANGE Knob can also be used to adjust bearing from left to right. Figure 6-65 Vertical Scan Display Adjusting Antenna Tilt Angle In order to make an accurate interpretation of a storm cell, the radar beam should be pointed at the wet part of the weather cell to record the proper rainfall intensity (color level). The ideal aiming point is just below the freezing level of the storm. The best way to find this point is to use the Vertical Scan feature.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The RANGE Knob can also be used to adjust tilt. Tilt Line Scan Line Figure 6-66 Adjusting Tilt on Vertical Scan Display 342 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Adjusting Gain WARNING: Changing the gain in weather mode causes precipitation intensity to be displayed as a color not representative of the true intensity. Remember to return the gain setting to Calibrated for viewing the actual intensity of precipitation. 1) Select the GAIN Softkey to activate the cursor in the GAIN field. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to adjust the gain for the desirable level. The gain setting is visible in the GAIN field as a movable horizontal bar in a flashing box.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-68 Selecting Sector Scan Position 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to place the Bearing Line in the desired position. The location of the Bearing Line becomes the center point of the Sector Scan. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the SECTOR SCAN field. 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select FULL, 60˚, 40˚, or 20˚ scan. 6) If desired, readjust the Bearing Line as discussed previously to change the center of the Sector Scan.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Antenna Stabilization 1) To activate or deactivate the antenna stabilization, select the MODE Softkey. 2) Select the STAB ON Softkey to activate antenna stabilization or select the STAB OFF Softkey to deactivate. The current stabilization condition is shown in the upper right of the weather radar display.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Weather Alert The Weather Alert feature indicates the presence of heavy precipitation between the ranges of 80 and 320 nm regardless of the currently displayed range. Weather Alert targets appear as red bands along the outer range ring at the approximate azimuth of the detected returns. If a Weather Alert is detected within ±10° of the aircraft heading, an alert is displayed on the PFD in the Alerts Window.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE GROUND MAPPING AND INTERPRETATION A secondary use of the weather radar system is for the presentation of terrain. This can be a useful tool for verifying aircraft position. A picture of the ground is represented much like a topographical map that can be used as a supplement to the navigation map on the MFD. Ground Map mode uses a different gain range than Weather mode. Different colors are also used to represent the intensity levels.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.3 STORMSCOPE WARNING: Do not rely on information from the lightning detection system display as the sole basis for hazardous weather avoidance. Range limitations and interference may cause the system to display inaccurate or incomplete information. Refer to documentation from the lightning detection system manufacturer for detailed information about the system.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SETTING UP STORMSCOPE ON THE NAVIGATION MAP Setting up Stormscope options on the Navigation Map: 1) On the Navigation Map Page, press the MENU Key. 2) With ‘Map Setup’ selected (Figure 6-73), press the ENT Key. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the group selection window. Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘Weather’, and press the ENT Key. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight and move between the product selections (Figure 6-74).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE CELL AND STRIKE MODE ON THE NAVIGATION MAP On the Navigation Map, cell mode identifies cells of lightning activity (Figure 6-75). Stormscope identifies clusters of electrical activity that indicate cells. Strike mode indicates the approximate location of lightning strikes. Selecting the ‘cell’ or ‘strike’ mode on the Navigation Map: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) With ‘Map Setup’ selected, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-75). 3) Select the ‘Weather’ group. 4) Press the ENT Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Manually clearing Stormscope data on the Navigation Map: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Select ‘Clear Stormscope® Lightning’ (Figure 6-76). 3) Press the ENT Key. Figure 6-76 Navigation Map Page Options Menu ZOOM RANGE ON THE NAVIGATION MAP Stormscope lightning data can be displayed up to 800 nm zoom range (in North Up orientation) on the Navigation Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the maximum display range. 7) Press the ENT Key. 8) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page. To change the display range on the Navigation Map Page, turn the RANGE Knob clockwise to zoom out or counter-clockwise to zoom in. SELECTING THE STORMSCOPE PAGE Stormscope lightning data can be displayed at the ranges of 25 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, and 200 nm.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to choose between ‘CELL’ and ‘STRIKE’ options. 4) When an item is selected, press the ENT Key. If heading input is lost, strikes and/or cells must be cleared manually after the execution of each turn (Figure 6-79). This is to ensure that the strike and/or cell positions are depicted accurately in relation to the nose of the aircraft. Manually clearing Stormscope data (on the Stormscope Page): 1) Select the Stormscope Page. 2) Press the MENU Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.4 TAWS-B WARNING: Do not use TAWS-B information for primary terrain avoidance. TAWS-B is intended only to enhance situational awareness. NOTE: Terrain data is not displayed if the aircraft is out of the installed terrain database coverage area. NOTE: The data contained in the TAWS-B databases comes from government agencies. Garmin accurately processes and cross-validates the data, but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE pressure, temperature, and lapse rates have fixed values), it is common for the baro-corrected altitude (as read from the altimeter) to differ from the GSL altitude. This variation results in the aircraft’s GSL altitude differing from the baro-corrected altitude. DISPLAYING TAWS-B DATA TAWS-B uses yellow (caution) and red (warning) to depict terrain and obstacles (with heights greater than 200 feet above ground level, AGL) alerts relative to aircraft altitude.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The MAP - TAWS-B Page is the principal map page for viewing TAWS-B information. TAWS-B information can be also displayed on the following maps and pages as an additional reference: • PFD Inset Map • Trip Planning Page • Navigation Map Page • Flight Plan Page Displaying terrain and obstacle information (maps other than the TAWS-B Page): 1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, select the INSET Softkey). 2) Select the TERRAIN Softkey to display terrain and obstacle data.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-81 Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 6-82 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-83 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Map Group TAWS-B PAGE The TAWS-B Page is specialized to show terrain, obstacle, and potential impact point data in relation to the aircraft’s current altitude, without clutter from the basemap. It is the principal page for viewing TAWS-B information. Aviation data (airports, VORs, and other NAVAIDs) can be displayed for reference.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Select ‘View Arc or ‘View 360º’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key to change the view Showing/hiding aviation information on the TAWS-B Page: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Select ‘Show Aviation Data’ or ‘Hide Aviation Data’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Current Aircraft GPSderived GSL Altitude Red Terrain (Warning - Terrain Above or Within 100’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Yellow Terrain (Caution - Terrain Between 100’ and 1000’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Arc Range Black Terrain (Terrain More than 1000’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Red Lighted Obstacle is Above or Within 100’ Below Aircraft Altitude Terrain Legend Annunciation Window Figure 6-85 TAWS-B Page (ARC View) TAWS-B ALERTS Alerts are issued when flight conditions meet par
HAZARD AVOIDANCE PFD Alert Annunciation MFD Pop-up Alert Figure 6-86 TAWS-B Alert Annunciations Terrain Display Enabled Terrain Legend Alert Annunciation Figure 6-87 Navigation Map Page with Terrain data (After TAWS-B Pop-up Alert Acknowledgment) 360 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE PFD/MFD** Alert Annunciation Alert Type MFD Pop-Up Alert (except TAWS-B Page) Aural Message Excessive Descent Rate Warning (EDR) “Pull Up” Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Warning (RTC) * “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up”* or Terrain Ahead, Pull Up; Terrain Ahead, Pull Up’ * “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”* or “Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up” * “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”* or “Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up” * “Caution
HAZARD AVOIDANCE EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE ALERT The purpose of the Excessive Descent Rate (EDR) alert is to provide suitable notification when the aircraft is determined to be closing (descending) upon terrain at an excessive speed. Figure 6-88 shows the parameters for the alert as defined by TSO-C151b.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Required Terrain Clearance RTC Level (FT) RTC Descending (FT) 800 Required Terrain Clearance (FT) Required Terrain Clearance (FT) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Distance From Runway (NM) Distance From Runway (NM) Figure 6-89 FLTA Alert Minimum Terrain and Obstacle Clearance Values FLTA alerts are automatically inhibited when the aircraft is less than 200 feet above the destination runway elevation while within 0.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE PDA and FLTA aural and visual alerts can be manually inhibited. Discretion should be used when inhibiting TAWS-B and the system should be enabled when appropriate. When TAWS-B is inhibited, the alert annunciation ‘TAWS INH’ is shown on the PFD and MFD (Figure 6-91). Figure 6-91 TAWS-B Alerting Disabled (TAWS-B Inhibited) Annunciation Inhibiting/enabling TAWS-B alerting: 1) Select the TAWS-B Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 1000 Height Above Terrain (Feet) 900 800 700 600 “DON’T SINK” or “TOO LOW, TERRAIN” 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Altitude Loss (Feet) Figure 6-92 Negative Climb Rate (NCR) Altitude Loss 1000 Height Above Terrain (Feet) 900 800 700 600 “DON’T SINK” or “TOO LOW, TERRAIN” 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 Sink Rate (FPM) Figure 6-93 Negative Climb Rate (NCR) Sink Rate SYSTEM STATUS Dur
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-94 TAWS-B Page Menu TAWS-B continually monitors several system-critical items such as database validity, hardware status, and GPS status. If the terrain/obstacle database is not available, the aural message “TAWS System Failure” is generated along with the ‘TAWS FAIL’ alert annunciation. TAWS-B requires a 3-D GPS navigation solution along with specific vertical accuracy minimums.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.5 PROFILE VIEW TERRAIN The G1000 offers a Profile View of terrain and obstacles relative to the aircraft’s current flight path and altitude on the Navigation Map Page of the MFD. Profile View does not provide TAWS-B terrain or obstacle caution or warning annunciations or voice alerts systems, nor does it display potential impact points inside the Profile View. The colors and symbols in Figure 6-95 and Table 6-11 are used to represent terrain and obstacles.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Enabling/Disabling Profile View Terrain on the Navigation Map (when Profile View is enabled): 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Select the MAP Softkey. 3) Select the TERRAIN Softkey. PROFILE VIEW DISPLAY When the Profile View is enabled, it is displayed in a window below the Navigation Map. Altitude is shown along a vertical scale, with an aircraft icon positioned at the current altitude.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The Profile View is based on the current aircraft track (or heading if track is unavailable) and shows the highest known terrain or obstacles within a predetermined width from the present aircraft position to the end of the profile range. The width of the Profile View is determined by the phase of flight, as annunciated on the HSI, and is widest during enroute or oceanic phases (Table 6-12). Flight Phase Total Profile View Width Approach 0.6 nm Departure 0.6 nm Terminal 2.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-97 Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 6-98 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu 370 Figure 6-99 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Profile Group Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.6 TRAFFIC INFORMATION SERVICE (TIS) WARNING: The Traffic Information Service (TIS) is intended for advisory use only. TIS is intended to help the pilot locate traffic visually. It is the responsibility of the pilot to see and maneuver to avoid traffic. NOTE: TIS is available only when the aircraft is within the service volume of a TIS-capable terminal radar site.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE DISPLAYING TRAFFIC DATA The Map - Traffic Map Page is the principal map page for viewing TIS traffic information (Figure 6-100). Traffic information can also be enabled for display on the following maps (when TIS is operating) as an additional reference to the Traffic Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying traffic information (PFD Inset Map): 1) Select the INSET Softkey. 2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey to display traffic data on the inset map (TRFC-1). 3) Select the softkey again to display the traffic-only inset (TRFC-2). 4) Select the softkey again to remove traffic data. The Navigation Map Page Map Setup Menu provides a means in addition to the softkey for enabling/disabling display of traffic.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-101 Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 6-102 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-103 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Traffic Group TRAFFIC MAP PAGE The Traffic Map Page is specialized to show surrounding TIS traffic data in relation to the aircraft’s current position and altitude, without clutter from the basemap (Figure 6-104). Aircraft orientation on this map is always heading up unless there is no valid heading.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Traffic Mode Annunciation Traffic Map Page Orientation “TIS Not Available” Voice Alert Status Traffic Map Range Rings Non-Threat Traffic, 2500’ Above, Descending Traffic Advisory, 500’ Below, Climbing “Non-Bearing” Traffic (TIS Unable to Determine Bearing) Distance is 4.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Inset Map Displays When TA is Detected Figure 6-105 Traffic Annunciation (PFD) A “TIS Not Available” (TNA) voice alert is generated when the TIS service becomes unavailable or is out of range. TIS may be unavailable in the radar coverage area due to the following: • Radar site TIS Mode S sensor is not operational or is out of service • Traffic or requesting aircraft is beyond the maximum range of the TIS-capable Mode S radar site.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM STATUS The system performs an automatic test of TIS during power-up. If TIS passes the test, TIS enters Standby Mode (on the ground) or Operating Mode (in the air). If TIS fails the power up test, an annunciation appears in the center of the Traffic Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The system annunciates the traffic mode in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page. When the aircraft is on the ground, TIS automatically enters Standby Mode. If traffic is selected for display on another map while Standby Mode is selected, the traffic display enabled icon is crossed out (also the case whenever TIS has failed). Once the aircraft is airborne, TIS switches to Operating Mode and traffic information is displayed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Traffic Status Banner Annunciation TA OFF SCALE TA X.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.7 L-3 SKYWATCH TRAFFIC WARNING: The Traffic Advisory System (TAS) is intended for advisory use only. TAS is intended to help the pilot locate traffic visually. It is the responsibility of the pilot to see and maneuver to avoid traffic. NOTE: TIS is disabled when a TAS or Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is installed. NOTE: Refer to the SKYWATCH® (SKY497/SKY899) Pilot’s Guide for a detailed discussion of the TAS.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE OPERATION The unit must be in operating mode for traffic to be displayed. The ability to switch from standby to operating mode on the ground is especially useful for scanning the airspace around the airport before takeoff. Switching from standby mode to operating mode: 1) On the Traffic Map Page, select the OPERATE Softkey or press the MENU Key and turn the small FMS knob to select Operating Mode.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Operating Mode Altitude Mode Non-Threat Traffic, 2500’ Above, Descending Traffic Advisory, Aircraft is 500’ Below, Climbing Traffic Display Range Rings “No Bearing” Traffic (Bearing Undetermined), Distance 4.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Non-Threat Traffic, 2500’ Above, Descending Traffic Advisory, 500’ Below, Climbing Proximity Traffic, 900’ Above, Level Non-Threat Traffic, Altitude Not Available Traffic Advisory Off-Scale Traffic Display Enabled Icon “Non-Bearing” Traffic Advisory Figure 6-108 TAS Traffic on the Navigation Map Page Displaying traffic information (PFD Inset Map): 1) Select the INSET Softkey. 2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey to display traffic data on the inset map (TRFC-1).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE ALTITUDE DISPLAY Changing the altitude display mode: 1) On the Traffic Page, select the ALT MODE Softkey. 2) Select one of the following Softkeys: • BELOW • NORMAL • ABOVE • UNREST (unrestricted) 3) To return to the Traffic Page, select the BACK Softkey. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select one of the following: • BELOW • NORMAL • ABOVE • UNREST (unrestricted) 3) Press the ENT Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Customizing the traffic display on the Navigation Map Page: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With Map Setup highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-109). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Traffic Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-110). 5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through the selections (Figure 6-111).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE TAS ALERTS NOTE: Refer to the TAS documentation for information on alerts generated by the TAS equipment. When the number of TAs on the Traffic Map Page increases from one scan to the next, the following occur: • A traffic system generates an audio alert. • A ‘TRAFFIC’ Annunciation appears at the top right of the airspeed on the PFD, flashes for 5 seconds and remains displayed until no TAs are detected in the area.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE If the unit fails, an annunciation as to the cause of the failure is shown in the center of the Traffic Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.8 HONEYWELL KTA 870 TRAFFIC WARNING: The Traffic Information System (TAS) is intended for advisory use only. TAS is intended to help the pilot locate traffic visually. It is the responsibility of the pilot to see and maneuver to avoid traffic. NOTE: TIS is disabled when a TAS is installed. NOTE: Refer to the Honeywell® KTA 870 Pilot’s Guide for a detailed discussion of the KTA 870 TAS.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE OPERATION The KTA 870 must be in Operating Mode for traffic to be displayed. The unit starts in Operating Mode upon power-up. Selecting the STANDBY Softkey forces the unit into Standby Mode. Selecting the NORMAL Softkey allows the KTA 870 to switch from Standby Mode to Operating Mode as necessary. Switching from operating mode to standby mode: On the Traffic Page, select the STANDBY Softkey Or: 1) Press the MENU Key and turn the small FMS knob to select Standby Mode.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Operating Mode Altitude Mode Non-Threat Traffic, 2500’ Above, Descending Traffic Advisory, Aircraft is 500’ Below, Climbing Traffic Display Range Rings “No Bearing” Traffic (Bearing Undetermined), Distance 4.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying traffic on the Navigation Map 1) Ensure that the TAS system is operating. With the Navigation Map displayed, select the MAP Softkey. 2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey. Traffic is now displayed on the map as shown in the figure.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE ALTITUDE DISPLAY The Pilot can select the volume of airspace in which traffic is displayed. Traffic Advisories (TAs) outside of these limits will still be shown. Refer to the KTA 870 Pilot’s Guide for specific display thresholds. Changing the altitude display mode: 1) On the Traffic Page, select the ALT MODE Softkey. 2) Select one of the following Softkeys: • BELOW • NORMAL • ABOVE • UNREST (unrestricted) 3) To return to the Traffic Page, select the BACK Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Customizing the traffic display on the Navigation Map Page: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With Map Setup highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-115). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Traffic Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-116). 5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through the selections (Figure 6-117).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The Navigation Map Page Setup Menu also controls the display of traffic. The setup menu controls the map range settings. Traffic data symbols and labels can be decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than the map range setting is selected, the data is removed from the map. Maps besides the Traffic Map Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM STATUS The traffic mode is annunciated in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Blank Page 396 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SECTION 7 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.1 AFCS OVERVIEW NOTE: The approved Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) always supersedes this Pilot’s Guide. The GFC 700 is a digital Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), fully integrated within the G1000 System avionics architecture. The System Overview section provides a block diagram to support this system description.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM AFCS CONTROL UNIT The AFCS Control Unit is positioned above the MFD, and has the following controls: HDG Key APR Key Selects/deselects Heading Select Mode 4 NAV Key FD Key 5 XFR Key Selects/deselects Navigation Mode Activates/deactivates the flight director only Pressing once turns on the selected flight director in the default vertical and lateral modes. Pressing again deactivates the flight director and removes the Command Bars.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ADDITIONAL AFCS CONTROLS The following AFCS controls are located separately from the AFCS Control Unit: AP/YD DISC TRIM Disengages the autopilot, yaw damper, and flight director and interrupts pitch trim operation INTRPT Switch (Autopilot An AP/YD DISC Switch is located on each control wheel. Disconnect/Trim This switch may be used to acknowledge an autopilot disconnect alert and mute the Interrupt) associated aural tone.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.2 FLIGHT DIRECTOR OPERATION The flight director function provides pitch and roll commands to the AFCS and displays them on the PFDs. With the flight director active, the aircraft can be hand-flown to follow the path shown by the Command Bars. Maximum commanded pitch (−15°, +20°) and roll (25°) angles, vertical acceleration, and roll rate are limited to values established during AFCS certification. The flight director also provides commands to the autopilot.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM AFCS STATUS BOX Flight director mode annunciations are displayed on the PFDs when the flight director is active. Flight director selection and autopilot and yaw damper statuses are shown in the center of the AFCS Status Box. Lateral flight director modes are displayed on the left and vertical on the right. Armed modes are displayed in white and active in green.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES Flight director modes are normally selected independently for the pitch and roll axes. Unless otherwise specified, all mode keys are alternate action (i.e., press on, press off). In the absence of specific mode selection, the flight director reverts to the default pitch and/or roll modes. Mode keys on the AFCS controller are accompanied by annunciator lights (Figure 7-1) which are illuminated when their respective modes are armed or active.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM COMMAND BARS Upon activation of the flight director, Command Bars are displayed in magenta on the PFDs as a single cue or cross pointers. The Aircraft Symbol (in yellow) changes to accommodate the Command Bar format; the Command Bars do not override the Aircraft Symbol. The single-cue Command Bars (Figure 7-5) move together vertically to indicate pitch commands and bank left or right to indicate roll commands.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM UNDERSPEED PROTECTION Underspeed Protection is available when the optional Electronic Stability and Protection (ESP) system is installed and the autopilot is on. It is designed to discourage aircraft operation below minimum established airspeeds. When aircraft airspeed reaches 100 knots IAS, a yellow MINSPD annunciation (Figure 7-7) will appear above the airspeed indicator.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Figure 7-9 Underspeed Protect Active Annunciation When airspeed increases (as a result of adding power/thrust) to above the IAS at which stall warning turns off, plus two knots, the autopilot will cause the aircraft to pitch up until recapturing the vertical reference and the vertical and lateral flight director modes will change from armed to active.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.3 VERTICAL MODES Table 7-2 lists the vertical modes with their corresponding controls and annunciations. The mode reference is displayed next to the active mode annunciation for Altitude Hold, Vertical Speed, and Flight Level Change modes. The NOSE UP/DN Wheel can be used to change the vertical mode reference while operating under Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, or Flight Level Change Mode.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM PITCH HOLD MODE (PIT) When the flight director is activated (the FD Key is pressed) or switched (the XFR Key is pressed), Pitch Hold Mode is selected by default. Pitch Hold Mode is indicated as the active vertical mode by the ‘PIT’ annunciation. This mode may be used for climb or descent to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter), since Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed when Pitch Hold Mode is activated.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SELECTED ALTITUDE CAPTURE MODE (ALTS) Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed with activation of the following modes: • Pitch Hold • Takeoff/Go Around (if the Selected Altitude is at least 400 feet above the current aircraft altitude) • Vertical Speed • Vertical Path Tracking (if the Selected Altitude is to be captured instead of the VNV Target Altitude) • Flight Level Change The white ‘ALTS’ annunciation indicates Selected Altitude Capture Mode is armed (
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ALTITUDE HOLD MODE (ALT) Altitude Hold Mode can be activated by pressing the ALT Key; the flight director maintains the current aircraft altitude (to the nearest 10 feet) as the Altitude Reference. The flight director’s Altitude Reference, shown in the AFCS Status Box, is independent of the Selected Altitude, displayed above the Altimeter. Altitude Hold Mode active is indicated by a green ‘ALT’ annunciation in the AFCS Status Box.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM VERTICAL SPEED MODE (VS) In Vertical Speed Mode, the flight director acquires and maintains a Vertical Speed Reference. Current aircraft vertical speed (to the nearest 100 fpm) becomes the Vertical Speed Reference at the moment of Vertical Speed Mode activation. This mode may be used for climb or descent to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter) since Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed when Vertical Speed Mode is selected.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FLIGHT LEVEL CHANGE MODE (FLC) NOTE: The Selected Altitude should be set before selecting Flight Level Change Mode. Flight Level Change Mode is selected by pressing the FLC Key. This mode acquires and maintains the Airspeed Reference (in IAS or Mach) while climbing or descending to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter). When Flight Level Change Mode is active, the flight director continuously monitors Selected Altitude, airspeed, Mach, and altitude.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Flight Level Change Mode Active Airspeed Reference Selected Altitude Capture Mode Armed Airspeed Reference Airspeed Reference Bug Command Bars Indicate Climb to Attain Selected Altitude Figure 7-15 Flight Level Change Mode (IAS) Flight Level Change Mode Active Airspeed Reference (Mach) Selected Altitude Capture Mode Armed Airspeed Reference (Mach) Airspeed Reference Bug Command Bars Indicate Climb to attain Selected Altitude Figure 7-16 Flight Level Change Mode (Ma
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM VERTICAL NAVIGATION MODES (VPTH, ALTV) NOTE: VNV is disabled when parallel track or Dead Reckoning Mode is active. NOTE: The Selected Altitude takes precedence over any other vertical constraints. Vertical Navigation (VNV) flight control is available for enroute/terminal cruise and descent operations any time that VNV flight planning is available. Refer to the GPS Navigation Section for more information on VNV flight plans.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Prior to descent path interception, the Selected Altitude must be set below the current aircraft altitude by at least 75 feet.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM When a descent leg is captured (i.e., vertical deviation becomes valid), Vertical Path Tracking becomes active and tracks the descent profile (Figure 7-19). An altitude capture mode (‘ALTS’ or ‘ALTV’) is armed as appropriate.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Automatic Reversion to Pitch Hold Mode Several situations can occur while Vertical Path Tracking Mode is active which cause the flight director to revert to Pitch Hold Mode: • Vertical deviation exceeds 200 feet during an overspeed condition. • Vertical deviation experiences a discontinuity that both exceeds 200 feet in magnitude and results in the vertical deviation exceeding 200 feet in magnitude.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM VNV TARGET ALTITUDE CAPTURE MODE (ALTV) NOTE: Armed VNV Target Altitude and Selected Altitude capture modes are mutually exclusive. However, Selected Altitude Capture Mode is armed implicitly (not annunciated) whenever VNV Target Altitude Capture Mode is armed. VNV Target Altitude Capture is analogous to Selected Altitude Capture Mode and is armed automatically after the VNV Key is pressed and the next VNV Target Altitude is to be intercepted before the Selected Altitude.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM GLIDEPATH MODE (GP) Glidepath Mode is used to track the SBAS-based glidepath. When Glidepath Mode is armed, ‘GP’ is annunciated in white in the AFCS Status Box. Selecting Glidepath Mode: 1) Ensure a GPS approach with vertical guidance (LPV, LNAV/VNAV, LNAV +V) is loaded into the active flight plan. The active waypoint must be part of the flight plan (cannot be a direct-to a waypoint not in the flight plan).
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM GPS Approach Mode Active GPS is Selected Navigation Source LNAV/VNAV Approach Active Glidepath Mode Active Command Bars Indicate Descent on Glidepath Figure 7-23 Glidepath Mode 190-00663-02 Rev.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM GLIDESLOPE MODE (GS) Glideslope Mode is available for LOC/ILS approaches to capture and track the glideslope. When Glideslope Mode is armed (annunciated as ‘GS’ in white), LOC Approach Mode is armed as the lateral flight director mode. Selecting Glideslope Mode: 1) Ensure a valid localizer frequency is tuned. 2) Ensure that LOC is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if necessary). 3) Press the APR Key.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM TAKEOFF (TO) AND GO AROUND (GA) MODES Go Around and Takeoff modes are coupled pitch and roll modes and are annunciated as both the vertical and lateral modes when active. In these modes, the flight director commands a constant set pitch attitude and keeps the wings level. The GA Button is used to select both modes. The mode entered by the flight director depends on whether the aircraft is on the ground.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM LEVEL MODE (LVL) Level (LVL) mode becomes active only as a function of Electronic Stability and Protection (ESP). Refer to the Additional Features section for a detailed discussion of the optional ESP feature. When the normal flight envelope thresholds have been exceeded for more than 50% of the last 20 seconds, Level mode is activated.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.4 LATERAL MODES The following table relates each GFC 700 lateral mode to its respective control and annunciation. Refer to the vertical modes section for information regarding Go Around and Takeoff modes.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ROLL HOLD MODE (ROL) NOTE: If Roll Hold Mode is activated as a result of a mode reversion, the flight director rolls the wings level. When the flight director is activated or switched, Roll Hold Mode is selected by default. This mode is annunciated as ‘ROL’ in the AFCS Status Box. The current aircraft bank angle is held, subject to the bank angle condition.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM HEADING SELECT MODE (HDG) Heading Select Mode is activated by pressing the HDG Key. Heading Select Mode acquires and maintains the Selected Heading. The Selected Heading is shown by a light blue bug on the HSI and in the box to the upper left of the HSI. Changing the Selected Heading NOTE: Pressing the HDG Knob synchronizes the Selected Heading to the current heading. The Selected Heading is adjusted using the HDG Knob on either PFD.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM NAVIGATION MODES (GPS, VOR, LOC) NOTE: The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC signal or active GPS course for the flight director to enter Navigation Mode. Pressing the NAV Key selects Navigation Mode. Navigation Mode acquires and tracks the selected navigation source (GPS, VOR, LOC). The flight director follows GPS roll steering commands when GPS is the selected navigation source.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM CHANGING THE SELECTED COURSE If the navigation source is VOR or localizer or OBS Mode has been enabled when using GPS, the Selected Course is controlled using the CRS Knob corresponding to the selected flight director (CRS1 for the pilot side, CRS2 for the copilot side). Pressing the CWS Button and hand-flying the aircraft does not change the Selected Course while in Navigation Mode.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM APPROACH MODES (GPS, VAPP, LOC) NOTE: The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC signal or active GPS course for the flight director to enter Approach Mode. Approach Mode is activated when the APR Key is pressed. Approach Mode acquires and tracks the selected navigation source (GPS, VOR, or LOC), depending on loaded approach. This mode uses the selected navigation receiver deviation and desired course inputs to fly the approach.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 1) Ensure that GPS is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if necessary). 2) Ensure a LOC/ILS approach is loaded into the active flight plan. 3) Ensure the corresponding LOC frequency is tuned. 4) Press the APR Key.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Backcourse Mode Active LOC2 is Selected Navigation Source Command Bars Hold Pitch Attitude Figure 7-34 Backcourse Mode CHANGING THE SELECTED COURSE If the navigation source is VOR or localizer or OBS Mode has been enabled when using GPS, the Selected Course is controlled using the CRS Knob corresponding to the selected flight director (CRS1 for the pilot side, CRS2 for the copilot side).
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.5 AUTOPILOT AND YAW DAMPER OPERATION NOTE: Refer to the POH/AFM for specific instructions regarding emergency procedures. The autopilot and yaw damper operate the flight control surface servos to provide automatic flight control. The autopilot controls the aircraft pitch and roll attitudes following commands received from the flight director. Pitch autotrim provides trim commands to the pitch trim servo to relieve any sustained effort required by the pitch servo.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ENGAGEMENT NOTE: Autopilot engagement/disengagement is not equivalent to servo engagement/disengagement. Use the CWS Button to disengage the pitch and roll servos while the autopilot remains active. When the AP Key is pressed, the autopilot, yaw damper, and flight director (if not already active) are activated and the annunciator lights on the AFCS controller for the autopilot and yaw damper are illuminated.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM DISENGAGEMENT The autopilot is manually disengaged by pushing the AP Key on the AFCS Control Unit, or the MEPT ARM Switch. Manual autopilot disengagement is indicated by a five-second flashing yellow ‘AP’ annunciation and a three-second autopilot disconnect aural alert. Figure 7-38 Manual Autopilot Disengagement Pushing the AP/YD DISC Switch or YD Key disengages both the yaw damper and the autopilot.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.6 EXAMPLE FLIGHT PLAN NOTE: The following example flight plan and diagrams (not to be used for navigation) in this section are for instructional purposes only and should be considered not current. Numbered portions of accompanying diagrams correspond to numbered procedure steps. This scenario-based set of procedures (based on the example flight plan found in the Flight Management Section) shows various GFC 700 AFCS modes used during a flight.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM DEPARTURE Climbing to the Selected Altitude and flying an assigned heading: 1) Before takeoff: a) Use the ALT SEL Knob to set the Selected Altitude to 12,000 feet. b) Push the GA Button to activate Takeoff Mode. The flight director Command Bars establish a pitch up attitude to follow. c) Press the AP Key to engage the autopilot in a climb, holding the pitch angle commanded in Takeoff Mode and wings level.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM HD GM od e TO M ode 3 Selected Altitude of 12,000 MSL ALT Mode 4 KMKC 2 1 VS e Mod ode M TO Figure 7-42 Departure 436 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM INTERCEPTING A VOR RADIAL During climb-out, the autopilot continues to fly the aircraft in Heading Select Mode. Airway V4 to Salina VOR (SLN) should now be intercepted. Since the enroute flight plan waypoints correspond to VORs, flight director Navigation Mode using either VOR or GPS as the navigation source may be used. In this scenario, VOR Navigation Mode is used for navigation to the first VOR waypoint in the flight plan.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FLYING A FLIGHT PLAN/GPS COURSE NOTE: Changing the navigation source cancels Navigation Mode and causes the flight director to revert back to Roll Hold Mode (wings rolled level). As the aircraft closes on Salina VOR, GPS is used to navigate the next leg, airway V244. The aircraft is currently tracking inbound on Airway V4. Flying a GPS flight plan: 1) Transition from VOR to GPS Navigation Mode: a) Press the CDI Softkey until GPS is the selected navigation source.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM DESCENT While flying the arrival procedure, the aircraft is cleared for descent in preparation for the approach to KCOS. Three methods are presented for descent: • Flight Level Change descent – Flight Level Change Mode can be used to descend to the Selected Altitude at a constant airspeed. This descent method does not account for flight plan waypoint altitude constraints.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Vertical Path Tracking descent to VNV Target Altitude: 1) Select VNV flight control: a) Press the VNV Key to arm Vertical Path Tracking Mode. The white annunciation ‘VPTH’ appears. b) Using the ALT SEL Knob, set the Selected Altitude below the flight plan’s VNV Target Altitude of 10,000 feet.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Non-path descent using Flight Level Change Mode: 1) Using Flight Level Change Mode, command a non-path descent to an intermediate altitude above the next VNV flight plan altitude. a) Using the ALT SEL Knob, set the Selected Altitude below the current aircraft altitude to an altitude (in this case, 9,400 feet) at which to level off between VNV flight plan altitudes. b) Press the FLC Key before the planned TOD during an altitude hold while VPTH is armed.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM VP TH M od e Planned TOD 2 BOD ALT Mode 1 FL C VNAV Target Altitude of 10,000 MSL Pla nn M od e Selected Altitude of 9,400 MSL 3 ed De sce nt Pa th ALT Mode TOD 4 VP TH Mo de VNAV Target Altitude of 9,000 MSL 5 BOD ALT Mode Selected Altitude 3 nm OPSHN HABUK Figure 7-47 Non-path Descent APPROACH Flying an ILS approach: 1) Transition from GPS Navigation Mode to Heading Select Mode.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 3) There are two options available at this point, as the autopilot flies the ILS approach: • Push the AP/YD DISC Switch at the decision height and land the aircraft. • Use the GA Button to execute a missed approach. KCOS LOC APR/ GS Mode 3 PETEY 2 HD G e od M PYNON 1 GPS NAV Mode Figure 7-48 ILS Approach to KCOS 190-00663-02 Rev.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Flying an RNAV GPS approach with vertical guidance: WARNING: When flying an LNAV approach (with vertical guidance) with the autopilot coupled, the aircraft will not level off at the MDA even if the MDA is set in the altitude preselect. 1) Arm flight director modes for an RNAV GPS approach with vertical guidance: a) Make sure the navigation source is set to GPS (use CDI Softkey to change navigation source). b) Select the Runway 35R LPV approach for KCOS.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM KCOS 4 3 GPS APR/ GP Mode CEGIX 2 FALUR HABUK PYNON 1 GPS NAV Mode Figure 7-49 LPV Approach to KCOS 190-00663-02 Rev.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM GO AROUND/MISSED APPROACH NOTE: As a result of calculations performed by the system while flying the holding pattern, the display may re-size automatically and the aircraft may not precisely track the holding pattern as depicted on the PFD and MFD. Flying a missed approach: 1) Push the GA Button at the Decision height and apply go-around power to execute a missed approach.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 4 MOGAL GPS NAV Mode 3 2 GA Mode KCOS 1 Figure 7-50 Go Around/Missed Approach 190-00663-02 Rev.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.7 AFCS ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS AFCS STATUS ALERTS The annunciations in Table 7-5 (listed in order of increasing priority) can appear on the PFDs above the Airspeed and Attitude indicators. Only one annunciation may occur at a time, and messages are prioritized by criticality.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM OVERSPEED PROTECTION NOTE: Overspeed protection is not active in ALT, GS or GP modes. While Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, Flight Level Change, Vertical Path Tracking, or an altitude capture mode is active, airspeed is monitored by the flight director. Pitch commands are not changed until overspeed protection becomes active.
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ADDITIONAL FEATURES SECTION 8 ADDITIONAL FEATURES NOTE: With the availability of SafeTaxi®, ChartView, or FliteCharts®, it may be necessary to carry another source of charts on-board the aircraft.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.1 SYNTHETIC VISION SYSTEM WARNING: Use appropriate primary systems for navigation, and for terrain, obstacle, and traffic avoidance. SVS is intended as an aid to situational awareness only and may not provide either the accuracy or reliability upon which to solely base decisions and/or plan maneuvers to avoid terrain, obstacles, or traffic. The optional Synthetic Vision System (SVS) is a visual enhancement to the G1000 Integrated Flight Deck.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 8-1 Synthetic Vision Imagery SVS OPERATION SVS is activated from the PFD using the softkeys located along the bottom edge of the display. Pressing the softkeys turns the related function on or off. When SVS is enabled, the pitch scale increments are reduced to 10 degrees up and 7.5 degrees down. SVS functions are displayed on three levels of softkeys. The PFD Softkey leads into the PFD function Softkeys, including synthetic vision.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES PFD SYN VIS BACK Pressing the BACK Softkey returns to the top-level softkeys. BACK PATHWAY SYN TERR HRZN HDG APTSIGNS Pressing the BACK Softkey returns to the previous level of softkeys. Figure 8-2 SVS Softkeys Activating and deactivating SVS: 1) Press the PFD Softkey. 2) Press the SYN VIS Softkey. 3) Press the SYN TERR Softkey. The SVS display will cycle on or off with the SYN TERR Softkey. Activating and deactivating Pathways: 1) Press the PFD Softkey.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SVS FEATURES Selected Altitude Airport Runway Pathways Color Matches CDI Indicating NAV Source Flight Path Marker Airplane Symbol Zero Pitch Line (ZPL) with Compass Heading Marks Synthetic Terrain SVS Softkeys Figure 8-3 SVS on the Primary Flight Display NOTE: Pathways and terrain features are not a substitute for standard course and altitude deviation information provided by the altimeter, CDI, and VDI.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selected Altitude Programmed Altitudes Figure 8-4 Programmed and Selected Altitude Pathways provide supplemental glidepath information on an active ILS, LPV, LNAV/VNAV, and some LNAV approaches. Pathways are intended as an aid to situational awareness and should not be used independent of the CDI, VDI, glide path indicator, and glide slope indicator. They are removed from the display when the selected navigation information is not available.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Descent and Approach Pathways are shown descending only for a programmed descent (Figures 8-5, 8-6). When the flight plan includes programmed descent segments, pathways are displayed along the descent path provided that the selected altitude is lower than the programmed altitude. During a Vectors-to-Final (VTF) approach transition, pathways are displayed along the final approach course inbound to the Missed Approach Point (MAP).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Missed Approach Upon activating the missed approach, pathways lead to the Missed Approach Holding Point (MAHP) and are displayed as a level path at the published altitude for the MAHP, or the selected altitude, whichever is the highest. If the initial missed approach leg is a Course-to-Altitude (CA) leg, the pathways boxes will be displayed level at the altitude published for the MAHP.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLIGHT PATH MARKER The Flight Path Marker (FPM), also known as a Velocity Vector, is displayed on the PFD at groundspeeds above 30 knots. The FPM depicts the approximate projected path of the aircraft accounting for wind speed and direction relative to the three-dimensional terrain display. The FPM is always available when the Synthetic Terrain feature is in operation.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES HORIZON HEADING The Horizon Heading is synchronized with the HSI and shows approximately 60 degrees of compass heading in 30‑degree increments on the Zero Pitch Line. Horizon Heading tick marks and digits appearing on the zero pitch line are not visible behind either the airspeed or altitude display. Horizon Heading is used for general heading awareness, and is activated and deactivated by pressing the HRZN HDG Softkey. TRAFFIC WARNING: Intruder aircraft at or below 500 ft.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES RUNWAYS WARNING: Do not use SVS runway depiction as the sole means for determining the proximity of the aircraft to the runway or for maintaining the proper approach path angle during landing. NOTE: Not all airports have runways with endpoint data in the database, therefore, these runways are not displayed. Runway data provides improved awareness of runway location with respect to the surrounding terrain.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES TAWS ALERTING Terrain alerting on the synthetic terrain display is triggered by Forward-looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA) alerts, and corresponds to the red and yellow X symbols on the Inset Map and MFD map displays. For more detailed information regarding TAWS, refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section. In some instances, a terrain or obstacle alert may be issued with no conflict shading displayed on the synthetic terrain.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Obstacles are represented on the synthetic terrain display by standard two-dimensional tower symbols found on the Inset map and MFD maps and charts. Obstacle symbols appear in the perspective view with relative height above terrain and distance from the aircraft.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Field of View Navigation Map Page OPTIONS Menu Map Setup Menu, Map Group, Field of View Option Figure 8-12 Option Menus 3) Turn the FMS Knob to select the Map Group and press the ENT Key. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the Map Group options to FIELD OF VIEW. 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select On or Off. 6) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.2 SAFETAXI SafeTaxi is an enhanced feature that gives greater map detail when viewing airports at close range. The maximum map ranges for enhanced detail are pilot configurable. When viewing at ranges close enough to show the airport detail, the map reveals taxiways with identifying letters/numbers, airport Hot Spots, and airport landmarks including ramps, buildings, control towers, and other prominent features. Resolution is greater at lower map ranges.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES During ground operations the aircraft’s position is displayed in reference to taxiways, runways, and airport features. In the example shown, the aircraft is on taxiway Bravo inside the High Alert Intersection boundary on KSFO airport. Airport Hot Spots are outlined in magenta. When panning over the airport, features such as runway holding lines and taxiways are shown at the cursor.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Configuring SafeTaxi range: 1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Map Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key. Figure 8-15 Navigation Map PAGE MENU, Map Setup Option 3) Turn the FMS Knob to select the Aviation Group and press the ENT Key. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the Aviation Group options to SAFETAXI. 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the range of distances.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SAFETAXI CYCLE NUMBER AND REVISION SafeTaxi database is revised every 56 days. SafeTaxi is always available for use after the expiration date. When turning on the system, the Power-up Page indicates whether the databases are current, out of date, or not available. SafeTaxi Database Figure 8-17 Power-up Page, SafeTaxi Database Power-up Page Display Definition Normal operation. SafeTaxi database is valid and within current cycle. SafeTaxi database has expired.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The SafeTaxi database cycle number shown in Figure 8-18, 12S3, is deciphered as follows: 12 – Indicates the year 2012 S – Indicates the data is for SafeTaxi 3 – Indicates the third issue of the SafeTaxi database for the year The SafeTaxi EFFECTIVE date 07–MAY–12 is the beginning date for the current database cycle. SafeTaxi EXPIRES date 02–JUL–12 is the revision date for the next database cycle.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 8-19 illustrates possible SafeTaxi database conditions that may appear on the AUX - System Status Page. The EFFECTIVE date is the beginning date for this database cycle. If the present date is before the effective date, the EFFECTIVE date appears in yellow and the EXPIRES date appears in blue. The EXPIRES date is the revision date for the next database cycle. NOT AVAILABLE indicates that SafeTaxi is not available on the database card or no database card is inserted.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.3 CHARTVIEW The optional ChartView charts resemble the paper version of Jeppesen terminal procedures charts. The charts are displayed in full color with high-resolution. The MFD depiction shows the aircraft position on the moving map in the planview of approach charts and on airport diagrams. Airport Hot Spots are outlined in magenta.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHARTVIEW SOFTKEYS ChartView functions are displayed on three levels of softkeys. While on the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airports Page, or Flight Plan Page, selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey displays the available terminal chart and advances to the chart selection level of softkeys: CHRT OPT, CHRT, INFO, DP, STAR, APR, WX, NOTAM, and GO BACK. The chart selection softkeys shown below appear on the Airport Information Page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES TERMINAL PROCEDURES CHARTS Selecting Terminal Procedures Charts: While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airport Page, or Flight Plan Page, select the SHW CHRT Softkey. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the OPTIONS Menu to Show Chart. 3) Press the ENT Key to display the chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES When a chart is not available by selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey or selecting a Page Menu Option, charts may be obtained for other airports from the WPT Pages or Flight Plan Pages. If a chart is available for the destination airport, or the airport selected in the active flight plan, the chart appears on the screen. When no flight plan is active, or when not flying to a direct-to destination, selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey displays the chart for the nearest airport, if available.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES While the APPROACH Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the G1000 softkeys are blank. Once the desired chart is selected, the chart scale can be changed and the chart page can be scrolled using the Joystick. Pressing the Joystick centers the chart on the screen. The aircraft symbol is shown on the chart only if the chart is to scale and the aircraft position is within the boundaries of the chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the INFO Softkey returns to the airport diagram when the view is on a different chart. If the displayed chart is the airport diagram, the INFO Softkey has no effect. The aircraft position is shown in magenta on the ChartView diagrams when the location of the aircraft is within the chart boundaries. In the example shown, the aircraft is turning onto Taxiway Bravo on the Charlotte, NC (KCLT) airport.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES In the example shown in Figure 8-27, the Class B Chart is selected. Pressing the ENT Key displays the Charlotte Class B Airspace Chart (Figure 8-28). Figure 8-28 Airport Information Page, Class B Chart Selected from INFO View Selecting the DP Softkey displays the Departure Procedure Chart if available. Chart Not To Scale Aircraft Not Shown Icon Figure 8-29 Departure Information Page 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the STAR Softkey displays the Standard Terminal Arrival Chart if available. Chart Not To Scale Change Range and Scroll Through the Chart With the Joystick Aircraft Not Shown Icon Figure 8-30 Arrival Information Page Selecting the APR Softkey displays the approach chart for the airport if available. Figure 8-31 Approach Information Page 478 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the WX Softkey shows the airport weather frequency information, and includes weather data such as METAR and TAF from the XM Data Link Receiver, when available. Weather information is available only when an XM Data Link Receiver is installed and the SiriusXM Weather subscription is current. WX Info When Available WX Softkey Selected Figure 8-32 Weather Information Page NOTE: A subdued softkey label indicates the function is disabled.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 8-33 NOTAM Available NOTAM Softkey Appears for Selected Airports Local NOTAM on This Airport NOTAM Softkey Selected Figure 8-34 Airport Information Page, Local NOTAMs Selecting the NOTAM Softkey again removes the NOTAMS information. Selecting the GO BACK Softkey reverts to the previous page (Navigation Map Page, Nearest Pages, or Flight Plan Page). 480 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHART OPTIONS Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey displays the next level of softkeys, the chart options level (Figure 8-21). Selecting the ALL Softkey shows the complete approach chart on the screen. Complete Chart Shown Figure 8-35 Approach Information Page, ALL View Selecting the HEADER Softkey shows the header view (approach chart briefing strip) on the screen. Approach Chart Briefing Strip Figure 8-36 Approach Information Page, Header View 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the PLAN Softkey shows the approach chart two dimensional plan view. Approach Chart Plan View Figure 8-37 Approach Information Page, Plan View Selecting the PROFILE Softkey displays the approach chart descent profile strip. Approach Chart Descent Profile Strip Figure 8-38 Approach Information Page, Profile View, Full Screen Width 482 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the MINIMUMS Softkey displays the minimum descent altitude/visibility strip at the bottom of the approach chart. Minimum Descent Altitude/ Visibility Strip Figure 8-39 Approach Information Page, Minimums View, Full Screen Width 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES If the chart scale has been adjusted to view a small area of the chart, selecting the FIT WDTH Softkey changes the chart size to fit the available screen width. Select FIT WDTH Softkey to Show Full Chart Width Figure 8-40 Airport Information Page, FIT WDTH Softkey Selected 484 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the FULL SCN Softkey alternates between removing and replacing the data window to the right. Selecting Additional Information: 1) While viewing the Airport Taxi Diagram, select the FULL SCN Softkey to display the information windows (AIRPORT, INFO). 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the AIRPORT, INFO, RUNWAYS, or FREQUENCIES Box (INFO Box shown). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the INFO Box choices.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The full screen view can also be selected by using the page menu option. Selecting full screen On or Off: 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Chart Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move between the FULL SCREEN and COLOR SCHEME Options. 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to choose between the On and Off Full Screen Options.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES DAY/NIGHT VIEW ChartView can be displayed on a white or black background for day or night viewing. The Day View offers a better presentation in a bright environment. The Night View gives a better presentation for viewing in a dark environment. When the CHART SETUP Box is selected the MFD softkeys are blank. Selecting Day, Night, or Automatic View: 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 8-44 Arrival Information Page, Day View Figure 8-45 Arrival Information Page, Night View 488 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHARTVIEW CYCLE NUMBER AND EXPIRATION DATE ChartView database is revised every 14 days. Charts are still viewable during a period that extends from the cycle expiration date to the disables date. ChartView is disabled 70 days after the expiration date and is no longer available for viewing. When turning on the system, the Power-up Page displays the current status of the ChartView database.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The ChartView time critical information can also be found on the AUX - System Status page. The database CYCLE number, EXPIRES, and DISABLES dates of the ChartView subscription appear in either blue or yellow text. When the ChartView EXPIRES date is reached, ChartView becomes inoperative 70 days later. This is shown as the DISABLES date. When the DISABLES date is reached, charts are no longer available for viewing.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Other possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown in Figure 8-48. The EXPIRES date, in yellow, is the revision date for the next database cycle. The DISABLES date, in yellow, is the date that this database cycle is no longer viewable. CYCLE NOT AVAILABLE in blue, indicates no ChartView data is available on the database card or no database card is inserted.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.4 FLITECHARTS FliteCharts resemble the paper version of AeroNav Services terminal procedures charts. The charts are displayed with high-resolution and in color for applicable charts. FliteCharts database subscription is available from Garmin. Available data includes: • Arrivals (STAR) • Approaches • Departure Procedures (DP) • Airport Diagrams FLITECHARTS SOFTKEYS FliteCharts functions are displayed on three levels of softkeys.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES TERMINAL PROCEDURES CHARTS Selecting Terminal Procedures Charts: While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airport Page, or Flight Plan Page, select the SHW CHRT Softkey. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the OPTIONS Menu to Show Chart. 3) Press the ENT Key to display the chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES When a chart is not available by selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey or selecting a Page Menu Option, charts may be obtained for other airports from the WPT Pages or Flight Plan Pages. If a chart is available for the destination airport, or the airport selected in the active flight plan, the chart appears on the screen. When no flight plan is active, or when not flying to a direct-to destination, selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey displays the chart for the nearest airport, if available.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES While the APPROACH Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the G1000 softkeys are blank. Once the desired chart is selected, the chart scale can be changed and the chart can be panned using the Joystick. Pressing the Joystick centers the chart on the screen. The aircraft symbol is not shown on FliteCharts. The Chart Scale Box displays a banner NOT TO SCALE, and the Aircraft Not Shown Icon is displayed in the lower right corner of the screen.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the INFO Softkey returns to the airport diagram when the view is on a different chart. If the displayed chart is the airport diagram, the INFO Softkey has no effect. Another source for additional airport information is from the INFO Box above the chart (Figure 8-61) or to the right of the chart (Figure 8-55) for certain airports. This information source is not related to the INFO Softkey. When the INFO Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the G1000 softkeys are blank.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES In the example shown in Figure 8-55, ALTERNATE MINIMUMS is selected. Pressing the ENT Key displays the IFR Alternate Minimums Chart (Figure 8-56). Figure 8-56 Airport Information Page, ALTERNATE MINIMUMS Selected from INFO View Selecting the DP Softkey displays the Departure Procedure Chart if available. Figure 8-57 Departure Information Page 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the STAR Softkey displays the Standard Terminal Arrival Chart if available. Figure 8-58 Arrival Information Page Selecting the APR Softkey displays the approach chart for the airport if available. Figure 8-59 Approach Information Page 498 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the WX Softkey shows the airport weather frequency information, when available, and includes weather data such as METAR and TAF from the XM Data Link Receiver. Weather information is available only when an XM Data Link Receiver is installed and the SiriusXM Weather subscription is current. Selecting Additional Information: 1) While viewing the Airport Taxi Diagram, select the WX Softkey to display the information windows (AIRPORT, INFO).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHART OPTIONS Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey displays the next level of softkeys, the chart options level (Figure 8-49). Selecting the ALL Softkey shows the complete chart on the screen. Complete Chart Shown Figure 8-61 Airport Information Page, ALL View Selected 500 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the FIT WDTH Softkey fits the width of the chart in the display viewing area. In the example shown, the chart at close range is replaced with the full width chart. Select FIT WDTH Softkey to Show Full Chart Width Figure 8-62 Approach Information Page, FIT WDTH Softkey Selected 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the FULL SCN Softkey alternates between removing and replacing the data window to the right. Select FULL SCN Softkey to Switch Between Chart on Full Screen and Chart with Info Window Figure 8-63 Airport Information Page, Full Screen and Info Window Selecting the BACK Softkey, or waiting for 45 seconds reverts to the chart selection softkeys. 502 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The full screen view can also be selected by using the page menu option. Selecting full screen On or Off: 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Chart Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move between the FULL SCREEN and COLOR SCHEME Options. 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to choose between the On and Off Full Screen Options.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES DAY/NIGHT VIEW FliteCharts can be displayed on a white or black background for day or night viewing. The Day View offers a better presentation in a bright environment. The Night View gives a better presentation for viewing in a dark environment. When the CHART SETUP Box is selected the MFD softkeys are blank. Selecting Day, Night, or Automatic View: 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 6) Press the FMS Knob when finished to remove the Chart Setup Menu. Figure 8-66 Approach Information Page, Day View Figure 8-67 Approach Information Page, Night View 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLITECHARTS CYCLE NUMBER AND EXPIRATION DATE FliteCharts data is revised every 28 days. Charts are still viewable during a period that extends from the cycle expiration date to the disables date. FliteCharts is disabled 180 days after the expiration date and are no longer available for viewing upon reaching the disables date. When turning on the system, the Power-up Page displays the current status of the FliteCharts database.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES When the 180 day grace period has expired, ‘Chart data is disabled.’ in yellow indicates that the FliteCharts database has expired and is no longer viewable. ‘Chart Data: N/A’ appears in white if no FliteCharts data is available on the database card or no database card is inserted. FliteCharts time critical information can also be found on the AUX - System Status page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The FliteCharts database is provided from Garmin. Refer to Updating Garmin Databases in Appendix B for instructions on revising the FliteCharts database. The other three possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown here. The EXPIRES date, in yellow, is the revision date for the next database cycle. The DISABLES date, in yellow, is the date that this database cycle is no longer viewable.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.5 AIRPORT DIRECTORY The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) and optional AC-U-KWIK Airport Directory databases offer detailed information regarding services, hours of operation, lodging options, and more. This information is viewed on the Airport Information Page by selecting the INFO Softkey until INFO-2 is displayed as shown in Figure 8-71. Both Airport Directories are available for downloading at flygarmin.com.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AIRPORT DIRECTORY DATABASE CYCLE NUMBER AND REVISION The Airport Directory databases are revised every 56 days and offered on a subscription basis. Check fly. garmin.com for the current database. The Airport Directory is always available for use after the expiration date. When turning on the system, the Power-up Page indicates whether the databases are current, out of date, or not available.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Select the MFD1 DB Softkey to place the cursor in the DATABASE window. Scroll through the listed information by turning the FMS Knob or pressing the ENT Key until the Airport Directory database information is shown.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.6 SIRIUSXM SATELLITE RADIO NOTE: Refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section for information about SiriusXM Weather products. The optional SiriusXM Satellite Radio entertainment feature of the GDL 69A Data Link Receiver is available for the pilot’s and passengers’ enjoyment. The GDL 69A can receive SiriusXM Satellite Radio entertainment services at any altitude throughout the Continental U.S. Entertainment audio is available only on the GDL 69A Data Link Receiver, not the GDL 69.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 6) Select the LOCK Softkey. 7) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight YES. 8) To complete activation, press the ENT Key.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Active Channels Channel List Volume Field Categories Field Figure 8-75 XM Radio Page ACTIVE CHANNEL AND CHANNEL LIST The Active Channel Box on the XM Radio Page displays the currently selected channel that the SiriusXM Radio is using. The Channels List Box of the XM Radio Page shows a list of the available channels for the selected category. Channels can be stepped through one at a time or may be selected directly by channel number.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CATEGORY The Category Box of the XM Radio Page displays the currently selected category of audio. Categories of channels such as jazz, rock, or news can be selected to list the available channels for a type of music or other contents. One of the optional categories is PRESETS to view channels that have been programmed. Selecting a category: 1) Select the CATGRY Softkey on the XM Radio Page. 2) Select the CAT + and CAT - Softkeys to cycle through the categories.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES PRESETS Up to 15 channels from any category can be assigned a preset number. The preset channels are selected by selecting the PRESETS and MORE Softkeys. Then the preset channel can be selected directly and added to the channel list for the Presets category. Setting a preset channel number: 1) On the XM Radio Page, while listening to an Active Channel that is wanted for a preset, select the PRESETS Softkey to access the first five preset channels (PS1 - PS5).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.7 ELECTRONIC STABILITY AND PROTECTION (ESP™) NOTE: Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual to determine approval of ESP functionality. The optional Garmin Electronic Stability and Protection (ESP™) system is available only when the GFC 700 AFCS is installed. This system is designed to provide automatic control inputs to discourage aircraft operation outside a normal flight envelope.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES ROLL ENGAGEMENT Roll Limit Indicators are displayed on the roll scale at 45° right and left, indicating where ESP™ will engage (see Figure 8-79). As roll attitude exceeds 45°, ESP™ will engage and the on-side Roll Limit Indicator will move to 30°, as shown in Figure 8-80. The Roll Limit Indicator is now showing where ESP™ will disengage as roll attitude decreases.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Once engaged, ESP™ force will be applied between 30° and 75°, as illustrated in Figure 8-81. The force increases as roll attitude increases and decreases as roll attitude decreases. The applied force is intended to encourage pilot input that returns the airplane to a more normal roll attitude. As roll attitude decreases, ESP™ will disengage at 30°.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES With ESP™ engaged, and the aircraft in a nose-up condition, opposing force steadily decreases from 20° noseup to 15° nose-up as aircraft pitch moves toward zero degrees. ESP™ disengages at 15° nose-up. With ESP™ engaged, and the aircraft in a nose-down condition, opposing force steadily decreases from 18° nose-down to 13° nose-down as aircraft pitch moves toward zero degrees. ESP™ disengages at 13° nose-down.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.8 SCHEDULER The Scheduler feature can be used to enter and display reminder messages (e.g., Change oil, Switch fuel tanks, or Altimeter-Transponder Check) in the Alerts Window on the PFD. Messages can be set to display based on a specific date and time (event), once the message timer reaches zero (one-time; default setting), or recurrently whenever the message timer reaches zero (periodic).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 9) For event-based messages: a) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired date (DD-MM-YY) and press the ENT Key. b) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next field. c) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired time (HH:MM) and press the ENT Key. 10) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to enter the next message. Deleting a scheduler message: 1) Select the AUX - Utility Page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.9 FLIGHT DATA LOGGING NOTE: Some aircraft installations may not provide all aircraft/engine data capable of being logged by the system. The Flight Data Logging feature will automatically store critical flight and engine data on an SD data card (up to 16GB) inserted into the top card slot of the MFD. Approximately 1,000 flight hours can be recorded for each 1GB of available space on the card. Data is written to the SD card once each second while the MFD is powered on.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The file containing the recorded data will appear in the format shown in Figure 8-86. This file can be imported into most computer spreadsheet applications. Local Date YYMMDD Local 24hr Time HHMMSS Nearest Airport (A blank will be inserted if no airport is found) log_120210_104506_KIXD.csv Figure 8-86 Log File Format Data logging status can be monitored on the AUX-UTILITY Page. 524 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.10 ABNORMAL OPERATION SVS TROUBLESHOOTING SVS is intended to be used with traditional attitude, heading, obstacle, terrain, and traffic inputs. SVS is disabled when valid attitude or heading data is not available for the display. In case of invalid SVS data, the PFD display reverts to the standard blue-over-brown attitude display.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES UNUSUAL ATTITUDES Unusual attitudes are displayed with red chevrons overlaid on the display indicating the direction to fly to correct the unusual attitude condition. The display shows either a brown or blue colored bar at the top or bottom of the screen to represent earth or sky. This is intended to prevent losing sight of the horizon during extreme pitch attitudes.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES GDL 69/69A DATA LINK RECEIVER TROUBLESHOOTING Some quick troubleshooting steps listed below can be performed to find the possible cause of a failure.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES If a failure still exists, the following messages may provide insight as to the possible problem: Message CHECK ANTENNA UPDATING NO SIGNAL LOADING OFF AIR --- Message Location XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field Weather Datalink Page - center of page XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field Description Data Link Receiver antenna error; service
APPENDIX A ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS NOTE: The Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM/POH) supersedes information found in this document. The G1000 Alerting System conveys alerts using the following: • Alerts Window: The Alerts Window displays text messages for up to 64 prioritized alert messages. Pressing the ALERTS Softkey displays the Alerts Window. Pressing the ALERTS Softkey a second time removes the Alerts Window from the display.
APPENDIX A • Audio Alerting System: The G1000 System issues audio alert tones when specific system conditions are met. See the Alert Level Definitions Section for more information. The annunciation tone may be tested from the AUX - System Status Page. Testing the system annunciation tone and annunciator lights: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Status Page. 2) Select the ANN TEST Softkey. Or: a) Press the MENU Key. b) Highlight ‘Enable Annunciator Test Mode’ and press the ENT Key.
APPENDIX A AIRCRAFT ALERTS The following alerts are configured specifically for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT. White annunciation window text signifies advisories. See the Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) for recommended pilot actions. Alerts Window Message AVN FAN 1 FAIL – Avionics cooling fan #1 is inoperative. AVN FAN 2 FAIL – Avionics cooling fan #2 is inoperative. MFD FAN FAIL – MFD cooling fan is inoperative.. PFD 1 FAN FAIL – PFD #1 cooling fan is inoperative.
APPENDIX A COMPARATOR ANNUNCIATIONS The Comparator monitors critical values generated by redundant sensors. If differences in the sensors exceed a specified amount, this discrepency is annunciated in the Comparator Window as a ‘MISCOMP’ (miscompare). If one or both of the sensed values are unavailable, it is annunciated as a ‘NO COMP’ (no compare) as seen in Figure A-4.
APPENDIX A REVERSIONARY SENSOR ANNUNCIATIONS Reversionary sensor selection is annunciated in the Reversionary Sensor Window, as shown in Figure A-5. These annunciations reflect reversionary sensors selected on one or both PFDs. Pressing the SENSOR Softkey gives access to ADC1, ADC2, AHRS1, and AHRS2 Softkeys. These softkeys allow manual switching of sensors. In the case of certain types of sensor failures, the G1000 may make some sensor selections automatically. The GPS sensor cannot be switched manually.
APPENDIX A When an LRU or an LRU function fails, a large red ‘X’ is typically displayed on windows associated with the failed data. The following section describes various system annunciations. Refer to the AFM/POH for additional information regarding pilot responses to these annunciations. NOTE: Upon power-up of the G1000 system, certain windows remain invalid as G1000 equipment begins to initialize. All windows should be operational within one minute of power-up.
APPENDIX A NOTE: Upon power-up, certain windows remain invalid as G1000 equipment begins to initialize. All windows should be operational within one minute of power-up. If any window continues to remain flagged, the G1000 System should be serviced by a Garmin-authorized repair facility. System Annunciation Comment Attitude and Heading Reference System is aligning. Display system is not receiving attitude information from the AHRS.
APPENDIX A System Annunciation Comment GPS information is either not present or is invalid for navigation use. Note that AHRS utilizes GPS inputs during normal operation. AHRS operation may be degraded if GPS signals are not present (see POH). Other Various Red X Indications A red ‘X’ through any other display field (such as engine instrumentation display) indicates that the field is not receiving valid data.
APPENDIX A Message MFD1 CONFIG – MFD1 configuration error. Config service req’d. SW MISMATCH – GDU software version mismatch. Xtalk is off. PFD1 COOLING – PFD1 has poor cooling. Reducing power usage. PFD2 COOLING – PFD2 has poor cooling. Reducing power usage. MFD1 COOLING – MFD1 has poor cooling. Reducing power usage. PFD1 KEYSTK – PFD1 [key name] Key is stuck. PFD2 KEYSTK – PFD2 [key name] Key is stuck MFD1 KEYSTK – MFD1 [key name] Key is stuck. CNFG MODULE – PFD1 configuration module is inoperative.
APPENDIX A Message MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 terrain database error exists. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 terrain database error exists. PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 terrain database error exists. MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 terrain database missing. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 terrain database missing. PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 terrain database missing. MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 obstacle database error exists. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 obstacle database error exists. PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 obstacle database error exists. MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 obstacle database missing.
APPENDIX A Message MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 Chartview database error exists. Comments The MFD and/or PFD detected a failure in the Chartview database (optional feature). Ensure that the data card is properly inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, the G1000 system should be serviced. MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 FliteCharts The MFD and/or PFD detected a failure in the FliteCharts database (optional feature). database error exists. Ensure that the data card is properly inserted. Replace data card.
APPENDIX A Message MANIFEST – GMA1 software mismatch. Communication halted. MANIFEST – GMA2 software mismatch. Communication halted. GMA1 SERVICE – GMA1 needs service. Return unit for repair. GMA2 SERVICE – GMA2 needs service. Return unit for repair. Comments The audio panel has incorrect software installed. The G1000 system should be serviced. The audio panel self-test has detected a problem in the unit. Certain audio functions may still be available, and the audio panel may still be usable.
APPENDIX A Message MANIFEST – COM1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – COM2 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – NAV1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – NAV2 software mismatch, communication halted. COM1 CONFIG – COM1 config error. Config service req’d. COM2 CONFIG – COM2 config error. Config service req’d. COM1 TEMP – COM1 over temp. Reducing transmitter power. COM2 TEMP – COM2 over temp. Reducing transmitter power. COM1 SERVICE – COM1 needs service.
APPENDIX A Message GPS1 SERVICE – GPS1 needs service. Return unit for repair. GPS2 SERVICE – GPS2 needs service. Return unit for repair. NAV1 SERVICE – NAV1 needs service. Return unit for repair. NAV2 SERVICE – NAV2 needs service. Return unit for repair. NAV1 RMT XFR – NAV1 remote transfer key is stuck. NAV2 RMT XFR – NAV2 remote transfer key is stuck. G/S1 FAIL – G/S1 is inoperative. G/S2 FAIL – G/S2 is inoperative. G/S1 SERVICE – G/S1 needs service. Return unit for repair.
APPENDIX A Message MANIFEST – GTX2 software mismatch, communication halted. XPDR1 SRVC – XPDR1 needs service. Return unit for repair. XPDR2 SRVC – XPDR2 needs service. Return unit for repair. XPDR1 FAIL – XPDR1 is inoperative. XPDR2 FAIL – XPDR2 is inoperative. Comments The transponder has incorrect software installed. The G1000 system should be serviced. The #1 transponder should be serviced when possible. The #2 transponder should be serviced when possible.
APPENDIX A Message GEO LIMITS – AHRS1 too far North/ South, no magnetic compass. GEO LIMITS – AHRS2 too far North/ South, no magnetic compass. MANIFEST – GRS1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – GRS2 software mismatch, communication halted. Comments The aircraft is outside geographical limits for approved AHRS operation. Heading is flagged as invalid. The #1 AHRS has incorrect software installed. The G1000 system should be serviced. The #2 AHRS has incorrect software installed.
APPENDIX A Message MANIFEST – GDC1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – GDC2 software mismatch, communication halted. Comments The GDC 74B has incorrect software installed. The G1000 system should be serviced. GCU 475 MESSAGE ADVISORIES Message GCU CNFG – GCU Config error. Config service req’d. GCU FAIL – GCU is inoperative. MANIFEST – GCU software mismatch, ommunication halted.
APPENDIX A MISCELLANEOUS MESSAGE ADVISORIES Message Comments FPL WPT LOCK – Flight plan waypoint Upon power-up, the G1000 system detects that a stored flight plan waypoint is is locked. locked. This occurs when an navigation database update eliminates an obsolete waypoint. The flight plan cannot find the specified waypoint and flags this message. This can also occur with user waypoints in a flight plan that is deleted.
APPENDIX A Message PTK FAIL – Parallel track unavailable: invalid leg type. PTK FAIL – Parallel track unavailable: past IAF. UNABLE V WPT – Can’t reach current vertical waypoint. VNV – Unavailable. Unsupported leg type in flight plan. VNV – Unavailable. Excessive crosstrack error. VNV – Unavailable. Excessive track angle error. VNV – Unavailable. Parallel course selected. NO WGS84 WPT – Non WGS 84 waypoint for navigation -[xxxx] TRAFFIC FAIL – Traffic device has failed. STRMSCP FAIL – Stormscope has failed.
APPENDIX A AFCS ALERTS System Status Field Figure A-8 AFCS System Status Field The following alert annunciations appear in the AFCS System Status field on the PFD.
APPENDIX A TERRAIN-SVS ALERTS PFD/MFD* Alert Annunciation MFD Pop-Up Alert (except Terrain-SVS Page Aural Message Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Warning (RTC) TERRAIN WARNING TERRAIN “Warning; Terrain, Terrain” Imminent Terrain Impact Warning (ITI) TERRAIN WARNING TERRAIN “Warning; Terrain, Terrain” Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance Warning (ROC) TERRAIN WARNING OBSTACLE “Warning; Obstacle, Obstacle” Imminent Obstacle Impact Warning (IOI) TERRAIN WARNING OBSTACLE “Warning; Obstacle,
APPENDIX A TAWS-B ALERTS Annunciations appear on the PFD and the MFD. Pop-up alerts appear only on the MFD.
APPENDIX A TAWS-B SYSTEM STATUS ANNUNCIATIONS PFD/MFD* Alert Annunciation TAWS-B Page Center Banner Annunciation Aural Message TAWS TEST TAWS TEST None None None “TAWS System Test OK” TAWS-B PDA/FLTA Alerting Inhibited TAWS INH None None No GPS position TAWS N/A NO GPS POSITION “TAWS Not Available”† TAWS N/A None “TAWS Not Available”† TAWS FAIL TAWS FAIL “TAWS System Failure” None TERRAIN DATABASE FAILURE None Alert Type System Test in progress System Test pass Excessively degrad
APPENDIX A FLIGHT PLAN IMPORT/EXPORT MESSAGES In some circumstances, some messages may appear in conjunction with others. Flight Plan Import/Export Results ‘Flight plan successfully imported.’ ‘File contained user waypoints only. User waypoints imported successfully. No stored flight plan data was modified.’ ‘No flight plan files found to import.’ ‘Flight plan import failed.’ ‘Flight plan partially imported.’ ‘File contained user waypoints only.’ ‘Too many points. Flight plan truncated.
APPENDIX B DATABASE MANAGEMENT CAUTION: Never disconnect power to the system when loading a database. Power interuption during the database loading process could result in maintenance being required to reboot the system. The system uses Secure Digital (SD) cards to load and store various types of data. For basic flight operations, SD cards are required for database storage as well as Jeppesen navigation and ChartView database updates. Not all SD cards are compatible with the system.
APPENDIX B Updating the active Jeppesen navigation database (not using the Dual Navigation Database or Automatic Database Synchronization Features): 1) With the system OFF, insert the SD card containing the new navigation database version into the top card slot of the display (PFD1, PFD2 or MFD) to be updated (label of SD card facing left). 2) Turn the system ON.
APPENDIX B DUAL NAVIGATION DATABASE FEATURE The dual navigation database feature allows each display to store an upcoming navigation database on the bottom SD card so that the system can automatically load it to replace the active database when the new database becomes effective (the next cycle becomes available seven days prior to its effective date).
APPENDIX B Figure B-4 Standby Navigation Database Update Complete 6) As instructed on the display, press any key to continue. The display will now appear as shown in Figure B-5. Figure B-5 Navigation Database Verification Prompt 7) Press any key to continue. The display will now appear as shown in Figure B-6. Figure B-6 Active Navigation Database Prompt 8) Press the NO Softkey. The display now starts in normal mode.
APPENDIX B 15) Turn system power ON. 16) Press the ENT Key to acknowledge the startup screen. 17) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page group on the MFD. 18) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the System Status Page. 19) Press the Display Database Selection Softkey to show standby navigation database information for each display (MFD1 DB, PFD1 DB, PFD2 DB). Verify the correct standby navigation database cycle information is shown for each display.
APPENDIX B The terrain database contains the terrain mapping data. The airport terrain database contains increased resolution terrain data around airports. These databases are updated periodically and have no expiration date. The obstacle database contains data for obstacles, such as towers, that pose a potential hazard to aircraft. Obstacles 200 feet and higher are included in the obstacle database.
APPENDIX B Figure B-8 AUX-System Status Page, Database Window The Display Database Softkey (Figure B-11) is used to place the cursor in the Database Window. Upon first press of the Display Database Softkey, the softkey will change to a selected state (black text on gray background) and the cursor will appear in the Database Window. At this point the user can scroll through all databases in the Database Window to view status information.
APPENDIX B UPDATING GARMIN DATABASES The Garmin database updates can be obtained by following the instructions detailed in the ‘Aviation Databases’ section of the Garmin website (fly.garmin.com). Once the updated files have been downloaded from the website, a PC equipped with an appropriate SD card reader is used to unpack and program the new databases onto the existing Supplemental Data Cards.
APPENDIX B 8) Monitor the Sync Status in the Database Window. Wait for all databases to complete synching, indicated by ‘Complete’ being displayed as seen in Figure B-9. 9) Remove and reapply power to the system. 10) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page group on the MFD. 11) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the System Status Page. 12) Press the Display Database Selection Softkey to show database information for each display (MFD1 DB, PFD1 DB, PFD2 DB).
APPENDIX B 2) When the upload is complete, the prompt for the next GRS upload is displayed, as seen in Figure B-14. Figure B-14 GRS2 Magnetic Field Variation Database Update Prompt 3) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key on the MFD. A progress monitor is displayed as shown in Figure B-15. When the upload is complete, the system is ready for use. Figure B-15 Uploading Database to GRS2 562 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
APPENDIX C GLOSSARY ACC ACT, ACTV ADC ADF ADI AF AFCS AFM AFMS AFRM AGL AHRS AIM AIRMET ALRT ALT ALT, ALTN AMPS ANNUNC ANT AP AP DISC APR APT ARINC ARSPC ARTCC ARV AS ASB ASOS ATC ATCRBS ATIS ATK AUTOSEQ 190-00663-02 Rev.
APPENDIX C COPLT Course Course to Steer CR CRG CRNT Crosstrack Error CRS CRS CRSR CTA CTRL Cumulative CVR CVRG CWS CYL D ALT DB, DBASE dBZ DCLTR, DECLTR DEC FUEL deg DEIC, DEICE DEP Desired Track DEST DF DFLT 564 co-pilot The line between two points to be followed by the aircraft. The recommended direction to steer in order to reduce course error or stay on course. Provides the most efficient heading to get back to the desired course and proceed along the flight plan.
APPENDIX C Enroute Safe Altitude The recommended minimum altitude within ten miles left or right of the desired course on an active flight plan or direct-to. ENT enter EPE Estimated Position Error EPU Estimated Position Uncertainty ERR error ESA Enroute Safe Altitude ESP Electronic Stability and Protection Estimated A measure of horizontal GPS position Position Error error derived by satellite geometry conditions and other factors.
APPENDIX C Groundspeed The velocity that the aircraft is travelling relative to a ground position. Ground Track see Track GRS Garmin Reference System GS Ground speed GTX Garmin Transponder HA HDG Heading HF HFOM Hg HI HI SENS HM Horizontal Figure of Merit hPa HPL hr HSDB HSI HT HUL Hz I IAF IAT IAU ICAO ICS ID 566 Hold Terminating at Altitude heading The direction an aircraft is pointed, based upon indications from a magnetic compass or a properly set directional gyro.
APPENDIX C Leg LIFR LNAV LO LOC LOI LON LPV LRU LT LTNG LVL M m MAG MAG VAR MAHP MAN IN MAN SQ MAP MASQ MAX MAXSPD MDA MET METAR MEPT MFD MGRS MHz MIC MIN Minimum Safe Altitude 190-00663-02 Rev. B The portion of a flight plan between two waypoints.
APPENDIX C POSN PPM P.
APPENDIX C TAS TAT TAWS TCA TCAS TEL TEMP TERM TF TFR T HDG TIS TIT TKE TMA TMR/REF Topo Track Track Angle Error TRG TRK TRSA TRUNC TTL TURN TX Traffic Advisory System Total Air Temperature Terrain Awareness and Warning System Terminal Control Area Traffic Collision Avoidance System telephone temperature terminal Track Between Two Fixes Temporary Flight Restriction True Heading Traffic Information System Turbine Inlet Temperature Track Angle Error Terminal Maneuvering Area Timer/Reference topographic Dire
APPENDIX C 570 WW WX world wide weather XFER, XFR XPDR XTALK XTK transfer transponder cross-talk cross-track Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Hawker Beechcraft C90A/GT/GTi 190-00663-02 Rev.
APPENDIX D FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS If a particular aspect of G1000 operational capability is not addressed by these commonly asked questions or in the index, contact Garmin (see the copyright page or back cover for contact information) or a Garmin-authorized dealer. Garmin is dedicated to supporting its products and customers. What is SBAS? The Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) uses a system of ground stations to correct any GPS signal errors.
APPENDIX D For RAIM to work correctly, the GPS receiver must track at least five satellites. A minimum of six satellites is required to allow RAIM to eliminate a single corrupt satellite from the navigation solution. RAIM ensures that satellite geometry allows for a navigation solution calculation within a specified protection limit (2.0 nm for oceanic and en route, 1.0 nm for terminal, and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches).
APPENDIX D When OBS mode is active, the G1000 allows the pilot to set a desired course to/from a waypoint using the CRS/BARO Knob and HSI (much like a VOR). The most common application for using the OBS Softkey is the missed approach. The G1000 suspends automatic waypoint sequencing (indicated by a ‘SUSP’ annunciation placed on the HSI) when the missed approach point (MAP) is crossed. This prevents the G1000 from automatically sequencing to the missed approach holding point (MAHP).
APPENDIX D Why does the HSI not respond like a VOR when OBS mode is active? Unlike a VOR, the CDI scale used on GPS equipment is based on the crosstrack distance to the desired course, not on the angular relationship to the destination. Therefore, the CDI deflection on the GPS is constant regardless of the distance to the destination and does not become less sensitive when further away from the destination.
APPENDIX E MAP SYMBOLS NOTE: Refer to the Flight Management Section for the topography legend and the Hazard Avoidance Section for XM Weather Product legends.
APPENDIX E MISCELLANEOUS Item ARTCC Frequency or FSS Frequency STORMSCOPE LIGHTNING STRIKES Symbol Item Symbol Lightning Strike (0-6 sec ago) Lightning Strike (6-20 sec ago) Default Map Pointer Lightning Strike (20-60 sec ago) Elevation Pointer Lightning Strike (60-120 sec ago) TRAFFIC Wind Vector Item Measuring Pointer Symbol Non-threat Traffic (hollow diamond) Overzoom Indicator Proximity Advisory User Waypoint Traffic Advisory, Out of Range Vertical Navigation Along Track Waypoint Traf
APPENDIX E TERRAIN AVOIDANCE COLORS AND SYMBOLS Potential Impact Point Terrain Above Aircraft Altitude Projected Flight Path 100 ft Threshold 1000 ft Unlighted Obstacle Terrain Color Terrain Location Red (WARNING) Terrain above, or within 100 ft below the aircraft altitude Yellow (CAUTION) Terrain between 100 ft and 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude Black Terrain more than 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude Figure E-1 TAWS Color Chart Figure E-2 TAWS Potential Impact Points Obstacle Symbol Unlight
APPENDIX E HAZARD AVOIDANCE FEATURES This table identifies the symbols displayed in the lower right corner of PFD or MFD maps to indicate which hazard avoidance features are activated for display.
INDEX A Activate a Flight Plan---------------------------------------220 Active database-------------------------------------- 554, 555 Active frequency------------------------------------- 104, 113 AC-U-KWIK------------------------------------------- 451, 509 ADF audio----------------------------------------------------114 AFCS Status Box--------------------------------------- 52, 401 AHRS---------------------------------------- 18, 543, 544, 545 Aircraft Symbol---------------------------------------------
INDEX Communication (COM) Frequency Box------------------- 52 Comparator Annunciations--------------------------------532 Comparator Window---------------------------------------- 80 COM Tuning Failure-----------------------------------------135 Controls (Softkeys)-------------------------------------- 20–23 Control Wheel Steering (CWS)--------------------- 399, 432 Copy a Flight Plan------------------------------------------220 Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)--------------------- 68–71 Course To Altitude-
INDEX Glidepath Mode (GP)-------------------------- 418, 428, 444 Glideslope----------------------------------------------------287 Glideslope Indicator----------------------------------------- 62 Glideslope Mode------------------------------------- 420, 442 Global Positioning System (GPS) Navigation----------------------------------------- 194–292 Receiver information--------------------------------- 27–29 GMA 1347------------------------------------------------- 1, 15 GMU 44-------------------------------
INDEX Navigation mode selection--------------------------------113 Navigation (NAV) Frequency Box-------------------------- 52 Navigation source-------------------------------------- 68–70 Navigation Status Box-------------------------------------- 52 Nav radio selection-----------------------------------------113 Nearest Airport-------------- 173, 174, 175, 176, 189–192, 248 Airport Minimum Runway Length---------------------176 Airports Page-------------------------------- 174, 175, 176 Airport Surface Mat
INDEX Cyclones & Hurricanes----------------------------------322 Echo Tops--------------------------------------------------307 Freezing Level---------------------------------------------317 Icing--------------------------------------------------------323 PIREPs-----------------------------------------------------325 SIGMETs---------------------------------------------------311 Surface Analysis------------------------------------------315 Turbulence-------------------------------------------------324 Winds
INDEX VNAV-------------------------------------------------- 199, 547 VNAV Target Altitude-------------------------------- 413–416 VNAV Target Altitude Capture Mode--------------------417 VNV---------------------------------------------------- 279, 569 VNV guidance Disabling--------------------------------------------------235 Enabling---------------------------------------------------235 VNV indications, PFD---------------------------------------- 78 VNV Target Altitude-------------------------------------
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