ADAC Ultra2 S466 Single Ended and LowVoltage Differential SCSI PCI RAID Controller Hardware Guide 8503624 A MAN US ADAC U2 S466 GDE R0 8/14/98
© Copyright 1998 Gateway, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. No part of this publication can be reproduced, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language or computer language, or transmitted in any form whatsoever without the prior written consent of the publisher, Gateway, Inc. Gateway, Inc. acknowledges the following trademarks: Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.
Table of Contents 1 Overview ...............................................................1 Single Ended and Differential SCSI Buses ..............................2 Maximum Cable Length for SCSI Standards ...........................2 Documentation .........................................................................3 ADAC Ultra2 S466 Block Diagram.........................................4 2 Introduction to RAID ............................................5 RAID Benefits...............................
Software Utilities....................................................................33 Operating System Software Drivers .......................................33 ADAC Ultra2 S466 Specifications.........................................34 PCI Bridge/CPU.....................................................................35 Cache Memory .......................................................................35 ADAC Ultra2 S466 BIOS ......................................................35 Onboard Speaker.....
Step 11 Run ADAC BIOS Setup............................................70 Step 12 Install Operating System Driver ................................70 Summary ................................................................................72 7 Troubleshooting.................................................73 BIOS Boot Error Messages....................................................75 Other BIOS Error Messages...................................................77 DOS ASPI Driver Error Messages..............
Preface The ADAC Ultra2 S466 PCI RAID Controller supports all single ended and low-voltage differential (LVD) SCSI devices on an Ultra and Wide SCSI channel with data transfer rates up to 80 MB/s (Megabytes per second). This manual describes ADAC Ultra2 S466.
Preface, Continued Package Contents You should have received: • • • • • • • a ADAC Ultra2 S466 PCI RAID Controller, a ADAC Ultra2 S466 Hardware Guide, a ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide, a ADAC Ultra2 S466 Operating System Drivers Guide, software license agreement, diskette(s) with the ADAC Ultra2 S466 software, and a warranty registration card.
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Problem Report Form Customer Information Name Company Address City/State Country email address Phone Fax Motherboard: Operating System: Op. Sys. Ver.: ADAC Ultra2 S466 Driver Ver.
Physical Device Layout Channel 1 Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Nu
Channel 1 Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Ma
Preface, Continued Disclaimer This manual describes the operation of the Gateway ADAC Ultra2 S466 Disk Array Controller.
FCC Regulatory Statement This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Warning: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
Disclaimer Gateway only certifies that this product will work correctly when this product is used with the same jumper settings, the same system configuration, the same memory module parts, and the same peripherals that were tested by Gateway with this product. The complete list of tested jumper settings, system configurations, peripheral devices, and memory modules are documented in the Gateway Compatibility Report for this product.
1 Overview The ADAC Ultra2 S466 PCI RAID controller is a high performance intelligent PCI-to-SCSI host adapter with RAID control capabilities. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 provides reliability, high performance, and fault-tolerant disk subsystem management. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 is an entry level-to mid-range RAID controller solution. ADAC Ultra2 S466 offers a cost-effective way to implement RAID in a server.
Single Ended and Differential SCSI Buses The SCSI standard defines two electrical buses: • • a single ended bus and low-voltage differential bus. Maximum Cable Length for SCSI Standards Standard Single ended LVD SCSI I Fast SCSI Fast Wide SCSI Ultra SCSI Ultra SCSI Wide Ultra SCSI Wide Ultra SCSI Wide Ultra SCSI Ultra 2 SCSI Ultra 2 SCSI Wide Ultra 2 SCSI Wide Ultra 2 SCSI 6m 6m 6m 1.5 m 3m 12 m 12 m 12 m 12 m 12 m 12 m 12 m 12 m 25 m 12 m 25 m 12 m 1.
Documentation The ADAC Ultra2 S466 documentation set includes: Using ADAC Ultra2 S466 Manuals This manual contains the RAID overview, RAID planning, and RAID system configuration information you will need first. Read the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Hardware Guide first. ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide This manual describes the software configuration utilities that configure and modify RAID systems.
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Block Diagram 4 ADAC Ultra2 S466 Hardware Guide
2 Introduction to RAID RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is an array of multiple independent hard disk drives that provide high performance and fault tolerance. A RAID disk subsystem improves I/O performance over a computer using only a single drive. The RAID array appears to the host computer as a single storage unit or as multiple logical units. I/O is expedited because several disks can be accessed simultaneously.
In This Chapter The following topics are discussed: Major Topic Host-based solution RAID overview Subtopic Consistency check Fault tolerance Disk striping Disk spanning Disk mirroring Parity Hot spares Disk rebuilds RAID levels Selecting a RAID level RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 3 RAID 5 RAID 10 RAID 30 RAID 50 6 ADAC Ultra2 S466 Hardware Guide turn to page 7 page 8 page 8 page 8 page 9 page 10 page 11 page 12 page 13 page 14 page 19 page 20 page 21 page 22 page 23 page 25 page 26 page 27 page 28
ADAC Ultra2 S466 – Host-Based RAID Solution RAID products are either: • host-based or • SCSI-to-SCSI. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller is a host-based RAID solution. ADAC Ultra2 S466 is a PCI adapter card that is installed in any available PCI expansion slot in a host system. Host-Based A host-based RAID product puts all of the RAID intelligence on an adapter card that is installed in a network server. A host-based RAID product provides the best performance.
RAID Overview RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a collection of specifications that describe a system for ensuring the reliability and stability of data stored on large disk subsystems. A RAID system can be implemented in a number of different versions (or RAID Levels). The standard RAID levels are 0, 1, 3, and 5. ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports all standard RAID levels and RAID levels 10, 30, and 50, special RAID versions supported by ADAC Ultra2 S466.
Disk Striping Disk striping writes data across multiple disk drives instead of just one disk drive. Disk striping involves partitioning each drive storage space into stripes that can vary in size from 2 KB to 128 KB. These stripes are interleaved in a repeated sequential manner. The combined storage space is composed of stripes from each drive. ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports stripe sizes of 2 KB, 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB, 64 KB, or 128 KB.
Disk Spanning Disk spanning allows multiple disk drives to function like one big drive. Spanning overcomes lack of disk space and simplifies storage management by combining existing resources or adding relatively inexpensive resources. For example, four 400 MB disk drives can be combined to appear to the operating system as one single 1600 MB drive. Spanning alone does not provide reliability or performance enhancements. Spanned logical drives must have the same stripe size and must be contiguous.
Disk Mirroring With mirroring (used in RAID 1), data written to one disk drive is simultaneously written to another disk drive. If one disk drive fails, the contents of the other disk drive can be used to run the system and reconstruct the failed drive. The primary advantage of disk mirroring is that it provides 100% data redundancy. Since the contents of the disk drive are completely written to a second drive, it does not matter if one of the drives fails. Both drives contain the same data at all times.
Parity Parity generates a set of redundancy data from two or more parent data sets. The redundancy data can be used to reconstruct one of the parent data sets. Parity data does not fully duplicate the parent data sets. In RAID, this method is applied to entire drives or stripes across all disk drives in an array. The types of parity are: Type Dedicated Parity Distributed Parity Description The parity of the data on two or more disk drives is stored on an additional disk.
Hot Spares A hot spare is an extra, unused disk drive that is part of the disk subsystem. It is usually in standby mode, ready for service if a drive fails. Hot spares permit you to replace failed drives without system shutdown or user intervention. ADAC Ultra2 S466 implements automatic and transparent rebuilds using hot spare drives, providing a high degree of fault tolerance and zero downtime. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 RAID Management software allows you to specify physical drives as hot spares.
Disk Rebuild You rebuild a disk drive by recreating the data that had been stored on the drive before the drive failed. Rebuilding can be done only in arrays with data redundancy such as RAID level 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, and 50. Standby (warm spare) rebuild is employed in a mirrored (RAID 1) system. If a disk drive fails, an identical drive is immediately available. The primary data source disk drive is the original disk drive. A hot spare can be used to rebuild disk drives in RAID 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, or 50 systems.
Logical Drive A logical drive is a partition in a physical array of disks that is made up of contiguous data segments on the physical disks. A logical drive can consist of any of the following: • • • • • an entire physical array, more than one entire physical array, a part of an array, parts of more than one array, or a combination of any two of the above conditions. Hot Swap A hot swap is the manual replacement of a defective physical disk unit while the computer is still running.
SCSI Drive States A SCSI disk drive can be in one of these states: State Online (ONLIN) Ready (READY) Hot Spare (HOTSP) Fail (FAIL) Rebuild (REB) Description The drive is functioning normally and is a part of a configured logical drive. The drive is functioning normally but is not part of a configured logical drive and is not designated as a hot spare. The drive is powered up and ready for use as a spare in case an online drive fails. A fault has occurred in the drive placing it out of service.
Disk Array Types The RAID disk array types are: Type SoftwareBased SCSI to SCSI Bus-Based Description The array is managed by software running in a host computer using the host CPU bandwidth. The disadvantages associated with this method are the load on the host CPU and the need for different software for each operating system. The array controller resides outside of the host computer and communicates with the host through a SCSI adapter in the host. The array management software runs in the controller.
18 ADAC Ultra2 S466 Hardware Guide
3 RAID Levels There are six official RAID levels (RAID 0 through RAID 5). ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports RAID levels 0, 1, 3, and 5. Gateway has designed three additional RAID levels (10, 30, and 50) that provide additional benefits.
Selecting a RAID Level Level 0 1 3 5 10 30 50 20 Description and Use Data divided in blocks and distributed sequentially (pure striping). Use for non-critical data that requires high performance. Data duplicated on another disk (mirroring). Use for read-intensive fault-tolerant systems Disk striping with a dedicated parity drive. Use for noninteractive apps that process large files sequentially. Disk striping and parity data across all drives.
RAID 0 RAID 0 provides disk striping across all drives in the RAID subsystem. RAID 0 does not provide any data redundancy, but does offer the best performance of any RAID level. RAID 0 breaks up data into smaller blocks and then writes a block to each drive in the array. The size of each block is determined by the stripe size parameter, set during the creation of the RAID set. RAID 0 offers high bandwidth.
RAID 1 In RAID 1, ADAC Ultra2 S466 duplicates all data from one drive to a second drive. RAID 1 provides complete data redundancy, but at the cost of doubling the required data storage capacity. Uses Use RAID 1 for small databases or any other environment that requires fault tolerance but small capacity. Strong Points RAID 1 provides complete data redundancy. RAID 1 is ideal for any application that requires fault tolerance and minimal capacity. Weak Points RAID 1 requires twice as many disk drives.
RAID 3 RAID 3 provides disk striping and complete data redundancy though a dedicated parity drive. The stripe size must be 64 KB if RAID 3 is used. RAID 3 handles data at the block level, not the byte level, so it is ideal for networks that often handle very large files, such as graphic images. RAID 3 breaks up data into smaller blocks, calculates parity by performing an exclusive-or on the blocks, and then writes the blocks to all but one drive in the array.
RAID 3, Continued RAID 5 vs RAID 3 You may find that RAID 5 is preferable to RAID 3 even for applications characterized by sequential reads and writes, because ADAC Ultra2 S466 has very robust caching algorithms. The benefits of RAID 3 disappear if there are many small I/O operations scattered randomly and widely across the disks in the logical drive. The RAID 3 fixed parity disk becomes a bottleneck in such applications.
RAID 5 RAID 5 includes disk striping at the byte level and parity. In RAID 5, the parity information is written to several drives. RAID 5 is best suited for networks that perform a lot of small I/O transactions simultaneously. RAID 5 addresses the bottleneck issue for random I/O operations. Since each drive contains both data and parity numerous writes can take place concurrently.
RAID 10 RAID 10 is a combination of RAID 0 and RAID 1. RAID 10 has mirrored drives. RAID 10 breaks up data into smaller blocks, and then stripes the blocks of data to each RAID 1 raid set. Each RAID 1 raid set then duplicates its data to its other drive. The size of each block is determined by the stripe size parameter, which is set during the creation of the RAID set. RAID 10 can sustain one to four drive failures while maintaining data integrity if each failed disk is in a different RAID 1 array.
RAID 30 RAID 30 is a combination of RAID 0 and RAID 3. RAID 30 provides high data transfer speeds and high data reliability. RAID 30 is best implemented on two RAID 3 disk arrays with data striped across both disk arrays. RAID 30 breaks up data into smaller blocks, and then stripes the blocks of data to each RAID 3 raid set. RAID 3 breaks up data into smaller blocks, calculates parity by performing an exclusive-or on the blocks, and then writes the blocks to all but one drive in the array.
RAID 50 RAID 50 provides the features of both RAID 0 and RAID 5. RAID 50 includes both parity and disk striping across multiple drives. RAID 50 is best implemented on two RAID 5 disk arrays with data striped across both disk arrays. RAID 50 breaks up data into smaller blocks, and then stripes the blocks of data to each RAID 5 raid set.
4 ADAC Ultra2 S466 Features ADAC Ultra2 S466 is a family of high performance intelligent PCI-to-SCSI host adapters with RAID control capabilities. ADAC Ultra2 S466 has a SCSI channel that supports Ultra and Wide SCSI at data transfer rates up to 80 MB/s. The SCSI channel supports up to 15 Wide devices and up to seven non-Wide devices.
Hardware Requirements ADAC Ultra2 S466 can be installed in an IBM AT®compatible or EISA computer with a motherboard that has 5 volt PCI expansion slots. The computer must support PCI version 2.0 or later. The computer should have an Intel Pentium, Pentium Pro, or more powerful CPU, a floppy drive, a color monitor and VGA adapter card, and a keyboard. A mouse is recommended.
Hardware Architecture Features The ADAC Ultra2 S466 hardware architecture features include: Specification Processor SCSI Controller Size of Flash ROM Amount of NVRAM Hardware XOR assistance Direct I/O Removable cache memory module SCSI bus termination Double-sided SIMMs Auxiliary TermPWR source Direct I/O bandwidth Feature Intel i960RP3V 33 Symbios Logic 53C895 1 MB 32 KB No Yes Yes Active, single-ended or LVD Yes No 132 MB/s Array Performance Features The ADAC Ultra2 S466 array performance features inclu
RAID Management Features The ADAC Ultra2 S466 RAID management features include: Specification Support for SNMP Performance Monitor provided Remote control and monitoring Event broadcast and event alert Hardware connector Drive roaming Support for concurrent multiple stripe sizes Web-based management tools Windows NT and NetWare server support via GUI client utility SCO Unix, OS/2, and UnixWare server support via GUI client utility DMI support Management through an industrystandard browser Feature Yes Yes Y
Software Utilities The ADAC Ultra2 S466 software utility features include: Specification Graphical user interface Management utility Bootup configuration via ADAC Configuration Manager Online Read, Write, and cache policy switching Internet and intranet support through TCP/IP Feature Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Operating System Software Drivers Operating System Drivers ADAC Ultra2 S466 includes a DOS software configuration utility and drivers for: • • • • • Windows NT V4.0 Novell NetWare 4.
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Specifications Parameter Card Size Processor Bus Type PCI Controller Bus Data Transfer Rate BIOS Cache Configuration Firmware Nonvolatile RAM Operating Voltage SCSI Controller SCSI Data Transfer Rate SCSI Bus SCSI Termination Termination Disable Devices per SCSI Channel SCSI Device Types Supported RAID Levels Supported SCSI Connectors Serial Port 34 Specification 7.375" x 4.2" (half length PCI) Intel i960RP™ 32-bit RISC processor @ 33 MHz PCI 2.
PCI Bridge/CPU ADAC Ultra2 S466 uses the Intel i960RP PCI bridge with an embedded 80960JF RISC processor running at 33 MHz. The RP bridge handles data transfers between the primary (host) PCI bus, the secondary PCI bus, cache memory, and the SCSI bus. The DMA controller supports chaining and unaligned data transfers. The embedded 80960JF CPU directs all controller functions, including command processing, SCSI bus transfers, RAID processing, drive rebuilding, cache management, and error recovery.
Onboard Speaker The ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller has an onboard tone generator for audible warnings when system errors occur. Audible warnings can be generated through this speaker. The audible warnings are listed on page 93. Serial Port ADAC Ultra2 S466 includes a 9-pin RS232C-compatible serial port berg connector, which can connect to communications devices. SCSI Bus ADAC Ultra2 S466 has a Fast and Wide SCSI channel that supports both LVD and single-ended devices with active termination.
SCSI Connectors ADAC Ultra2 S466 has two types of SCSI connectors: • a 68-pin high density internal connector and • a 68-pin external ultra-high-density connector. Both connector types can be used for the SCSI channel. SCSI Termination ADAC Ultra2 S466 uses active termination on the SCSI bus conforming to Alternative 2 of the SCSI-2 specifications. Termination enable/disable is automatic through cable detection.
RAID Management RAID management is provided by software utilities that manage and configure the RAID system and ADAC Ultra2 S466, create and manage multiple disk arrays, control and monitor multiple RAID servers, provide error statistics logging, and provide online maintenance. They include: • • • • ADAC BIOS Setup, Power Console Plus, ADAC Manager General Alert Module. ADAC BIOS Setup BIOS Setup configures and maintains RAID arrays, formats disk drives, and manages the RAID system.
Fault-Tolerance Features The ADAC Ultra2 S466 fault-tolerance features are: • • • • automatic failed drive detection, automatic failed drive rebuild with no user intervention required, hot swap manual replacement without bringing the system down, and SAF-TE compliant enclosure management. Detect Failed Drive The ADAC Ultra2 S466 firmware automatically detects and rebuilds failed drives. This can be done transparently with hot spares.
Compatibility ADAC Ultra2 S466 compatibility issues include: • • • server management, SCSI device compatibility, and software compatibility Server Management As an SNMP agent, ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports all SNMP managers and RedAlert from Storage Dimensions. SCSI Device Compatibility ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports SCSI hard disk drives, CD-ROMs, tape drives, optical drives, DAT drives and other SCSI peripheral devices. Software All SCSI backup and utility software should work with ADAC Ultra2 S466.
5 Configuring ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuring SCSI Physical Drives SCSI Channel Physical SCSI drives must be organized into logical drives. The arrays and logical drives that you construct must be able to support the RAID level that you select. Your ADAC Ultra2 S466 adapter has one SCSI channel.
Current Configuration SCSI ID Device Description SCSI Channel 1 Termination? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Logical Drive Configuration Logical Drive RAID Level Stripe Size Logical Drive Size Cache Policy Read Policy Write Policy # of Physical Drives LD1 LD2 LD3 LD4 LD5 LD6 LD7 LD8 Cont’d 42 ADAC Ultra2 S466 Hardware Guide
Physical Device Layout Channel 1 Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Nu
Channel 1 Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Ma
Configuring Arrays Organize the physical disk drives in arrays after the drives are connected to ADAC Ultra2 S466, formatted, and initialized. Each array can consist of one to eight physical disk drives. ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports up to eight arrays. The number of drives in a array determines the RAID levels that can be supported. Arranging Arrays You must arrange the arrays to provide additional organization for the drive array.
Configuration Strategies The most important factors in RAID array configuration are: drive capacity, drive availability (fault tolerance), and drive performance. You cannot configure a logical drive that optimizes all three factors, but it is easy to choose a logical drive configuration that maximizes one factor at the expense of the other two factors, although needs are seldom that simple. Maximize Capacity RAID 0 achieves maximum drive capacity, but does not provide data redundancy.
Configuration Strategies, Continued Maximizing Drive Availability You can maximize the availability of data on the physical disk drive in the logical array by maximizing the level of fault tolerance. The levels of fault tolerance provided by the RAID levels are: RAID Level 0 1 3 5 10 30 50 Fault Tolerance Protection No fault tolerance. Disk mirroring, which provides 100% data redundancy. 100% protection through a dedicated parity drive. 100% protection through striping and parity.
Assigning RAID Levels Only one RAID level can be assigned to each logical drive.
Optimizing Data Storage Data Access Requirements Each type of data stored in the disk subsystem has a different frequency of read and write activity. If you know the data access requirements, you can more successfully determine a strategy for optimizing the disk subsystem capacity, availability, and performance. Servers that support Video on Demand typically read the data often, but write data infrequently. Both the read and write operations tend to be long.
Planning the Array Configuration Answer the following questions about this array: Question Number of physical disk drives in the array Purpose of this array.
Array Configuration Planner Number of Drives 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 Chapter 5 Possible RAID Levels None RAID 0 None RAID 0 RAID 1 None RAID 0 RAID 3 RAID 5 None RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 3 RAID 5 RAID 10 None RAID 0 RAID 3 RAID 5 None RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 3 RAID 5 RAID 10 RAID 30 RAID 50 None RAID 0 RAID 3 RAID 5 Relative Performance Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Good Excellent Excellent Good Good Excellent Excellent Good Good Good Good Excellent Excellent Good Goo
52 ADAC Ultra2 S466 Hardware Guide
6 Hardware Installation Requirements You must have the following: • • • • • • a ADAC Ultra2 S466 Controller, a host computer with an available PCI expansion slot, the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Installation diskettes, the necessary SCSI cables and terminators (this depends on the number and type of SCSI devices to be attached), an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) for the entire system, and Fast SCSI 2 or Wide SCSI hard disk drives and other SCSI devices, as desired.
Installation Steps ADAC Ultra2 S466 provides extensive customization options. If you need only basic ADAC Ultra2 S466 features and your computer does not use other adapter cards with resource settings that may conflict with ADAC Ultra2 S466 settings, even custom installation can be quick and easy. Step Action 1 Unpack the ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller and inspect for damage. Make sure all items are in the package. 2 Turn the computer off and remove the cover.
Step 1 Unpack Unpack and install the hardware in a static-free environment. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller card is packed inside an anti-static bag between two sponge sheets. Remove the controller card and inspect it for damage. If the card appears damaged, or if any item listed below is missing, contact your OEM support representative.
Step 4 Install Cache Memory Important A minimum of 4 MB of cache memory is required. The cache memory must be installed before ADAC Ultra2 S466 is operational. Bank0 must be populated by a SIMM. Fast Page Mode SIMM FPM SIMMs are specified below. The DRAM technology in the SIMM must have equal row and column size.
Step 4 Install Cache Memory, Continued Supported Cache Memory Configurations Cache 4 MB 8 MB 16 MB 32 MB 64 MB 128 MB Bank0 (Even) Single-sided 1 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode Double-sided 1 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode Single-sided 4 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode Double-sided 4 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode Single-sided 16 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode Double-sided 32 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode Install cache memory on the ADAC Ultra2 S466 card in the SIMM socket.
Step 5 Set Jumpers Make sure the jumper settings on the ADAC Ultra2 S466 card are correct. The jumpers and connectors are: Connector J2 J6 J5 J1 J3 J7 J4 J8 J9 J10 J11 J12 Description Internal SCSI Wide (16-bit) connector External SCSI 2 Wide (16-bit) connector Disk Activity LED Termination Enable Control I2C connector Cache memory SIMM socket Serial port connector Short Pins 1-2.
Step 5 Set Jumpers, Continued J1 Termination Enable J1 is a three-pin header that specifies hardware or software control of SCSI termination. Type of SCSI Termination Software control of SCSI termination via drive detection. Permanently disable all onboard SCSI termination. Permanently enable all onboard SCSI termination.
Step 5 Set Jumpers, Continued J8, J9 J8 and J9 are 3-pin jumpers. The factory setting is Pins 1-2 shorted. Pins 1-2 should always be shorted for J8 and J9. J10 J10 is a 3-pin jumper. Make sure Pins 1-2 of J10 are always shorted. This is the factory setting. J11, J12 i960RP Initialization J11 and J12 are 2-pin bergs that specify the i960RP mode when initially powered up. Mode 3 is used for normal operation (J11 and J12 OPEN). All other modes are used for test purposes only.
Step 6 Set Termination You must terminate the SCSI bus properly. Set termination at both ends of the SCSI cable. The SCSI bus is an electrical transmission line and must be terminated properly to minimize reflections and losses. Termination should be set at each end of the SCSI cable(s), as shown below. Termination is always enabled, regardless of the configuration. However, you can override this setting by setting another state.
SCSI Termination The SCSI bus is an electrical transmission line and it must be terminated properly to minimize reflections and losses. You complete the SCSI bus by setting termination at both ends. You can let ADAC Ultra2 S466 automatically provide SCSI termination at one end of the SCSI bus.
SCSI Termination, Continued Terminating External Disk Arrays In most array enclosures, the end of the SCSI cable has an independent SCSI terminator module that is not part of any SCSI drive. In this way, SCSI termination is not disturbed when any drive is removed, as shown below: Terminating Internal and External Disk Arrays You can use both internal and external drives with ADAC Ultra2 S466.
SCSI Termination, Continued Connecting Non-Disk SCSI Devices SCSI Tape drives, scanners, CDROM drives, and other non-disk drive devices must each have a unique SCSI ID regardless of the SCSI channel they are attached to. The general rule for Unix systems is: • tape drive set to SCSI ID 2, and • CD-ROM drive set to SCSI ID 5. Make sure that no hard disk drives are attached to the same SCSI channel as the non-disk SCSI devices.
Step 7 Install ADAC Ultra2 S466 Choose a 5 V PCI slot and align the ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller card bus connector to the slot. Press down gently but firmly to make sure that the card is properly seated in the slot. The bottom edge of the controller card should be flush with the slot. Insert the ADAC Ultra2 S466 card in a PCI slot as shown below: Screw the bracket to the computer frame.
Step 8 Connect SCSI Cables Connect SCSI cables to SCSI devices. ADAC Ultra2 S466 provides two SCSI connectors: J2, the SCSI channel internal high-density 68-pin connector for Wide (16-bit) SCSI and J6, the SCSI channel external ultra high-density 68-pin connector for Wide (16-bit) SCSI. Connect SCSI Devices When connecting SCSI devices: Step 1 2 3 4 5 Action Disable termination on any SCSI device that does not sit at the end of the SCSI bus. Configure all SCSI devices to supply TermPWR.
Step 8 Connect SCSI Cables, Continued Cable Suggestions System throughput problems can occur if SCSI cable use is not maximized. You should: • • you can use cables up to 12 meters for LVD devices. for single ended SCSI devices, use the shortest SCSI cables (no more than 3 meters for Fast SCSI, no more than 1.
Device Identification on ADAC Ultra2 S466 All logical drives on each SCSI bus are identified to the host as ID 0. Differentiate the drives with Logical Unit Identifiers (LUNs). ID 0 cannot be used for non-disk devices because they are limited to IDs 1 through 6. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 is limited to eight logical drives because LUNs are used to present logical drives. The SCSI-2 ANSI specification has a limit of eight LUNs per ID. The SCSI-3 specification increased the number of LUNs to 16.
Step 10 Power Up Replace the computer cover and reconnect the AC power cords. Turn power on to the host computer. Set up the power supplies so that the SCSI devices are powered up at the same time as or before the host computer. If the computer is powered up before a SCSI device, the device might not be recognized. During boot, the ADAC Ultra2 S466 BIOS message appears: ADAC Ultra2 S466 Disk Array Adapter BIOS Version x .xx date Firmware Initializing... [ Scanning SCSI Device ...(etc.)...
Step 11 Run ADAC BIOS Setup Press to run the ADAC BIOS Setup utility. See the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide for information about running BIOS Setup. Step 12 Install Operating System Driver The ADAC Ultra2 S466 ASPI driver can be used in the DOS and Windows 95 environments. The DOS ASPI driver supports: • • • ASPI Driver up to six non-disk SCSI devices (each SCSI device must use a unique SCSI ID regardless of the SCSI channel it resides on.
Step 12 Install Operating System Driver, Continued CD-ROM Driver A device driver is provided with ADAC Ultra2 S466 for CD-ROM drives operating under DOS, Windows 3.x, and Windows 95. The driver filename is ADACDROM.SYS. The ADACASPI.SYS ASPI manager must be added to the CONFIG.SYS file before you can install the CD-ROM device driver. See the instructions on the previous page for adding the ADACASPI.SYS driver. Copy ADACDROM.SYS to the root directory of the C: drive. Add the following line to CONFIG.
Summary This chapter discussed hardware installation. Configure the RAID system via software configuration utilities. See the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide for all information about ADAC Ultra2 S466 software utilities. The utility programs for configuring ADAC Ultra2 S466 are: Configuration Utility ADAC BIOS Setup ADAC Configuration Manager Power Console Plus 72 ADAC Ultra2 S466 Hardware Guide Operating System independent of the operating system DOS SCO UNIX SVR3.2 Novell NetWare 3.x, 4.
7 Troubleshooting Problem The system hangs during the boot process after installation. The system hangs during the boot process after installation. Some operating systems do not load in a computer with a ADAC Ultra2 S466 adapter. Suggested Solution Make sure the SCSI BIOS on the motherboard has been disabled. Make sure the ADAC Ultra2 S466 adapter card is installed in the proper PCI expansion slot. It must be installed in the RAID Upgrade PCI slot..
Problem Firmware Initializing... appears and remains on the screen. Suggested Solution Make sure that TERMPWR is being properly provided to each peripheral device populated channel. Make sure that each end of the channel chain is properly terminated using the recommended terminator type for the peripheral device. The channel is automatically terminated at the ADAC Ultra2 S466 card if only one cable is connected to a channel.
BIOS Boot Error Messages Message Adapter BIOS Disabled. No Logical Drives Handled by BIOS Host Adapter at Baseport xxxx Not Responding No ADAC Ultra2 S466 Adapter Configuration of NVRAM and drives mismatch. Run View/Add Configuration option of Configuration Utility. Press any key to run the Configuration Utility. 1 Logical Drive Failed Problem The ADAC Ultra2 S466 BIOS is disabled. Sometimes the BIOS is disabled to prevent booting from the BIOS. The BIOS cannot communicate with the adapter firmware.
Message X Logical Drives Degraded 1 Logical Drive Degraded Insufficient memory to run BIOS. Press any key to continue… Insufficient Memory The following SCSI IDs are not responding: Channel x:a.b.c 76 Problem x number of logical drives signed on in a degraded state. A logical drive signed on in a degraded state. Not enough ADAC Ultra2 S466 memory to run BIOS. Not enough memory on the ADAC adapter to support the current configuration.
Other BIOS Error Messages Message Following SCSI disk not found and no empty slot available for mapping it Following SCSI IDs have the same data y, z Channel x: a, b, c Unresolved configuration mismatch between disks and NVRAM on the adapter Problem The physical disk roaming feature did not find the physical disk with the displayed SCSI ID. No slot is available to map the physical drive. ADAC cannot resolve the physical drives into the current configuration.
DOS ASPI Driver Error Messages Message Gateway Inc. ASPI Manager has NOT been loaded. Controller setup FAILED error code=[0xab] No non-disk devices were located ’ERROR: VDS support is *INACTIVE* for logical drives 78 Corrective Action The ASPI manager is not loaded. One of the failure codes listed below is displayed next. Correct the condition that caused the failure.
Other Potential Problems Topic DOS ASPI CD-ROM drives under DOS Physical Drive Errors Virtual Sizing BSD Unix Multiple LUNs Power Requirements Chapter 7 Information ADACASPI.SYS, the DOS ASPI manager, uses 6 KB of system memory once it is loaded. At this time, copied CDs are not accessible from DOS even after loading ADACASPI.SYS and ADACDROM.SYS.
Topic SCSI Bus Requirements Information The ANSI specification dictates the following: The maximum signal path length between terminators is 3 meters when using up to 4 maximum capacitance (25 pF) devices and 1.5 meters when using more than 4 devices. SCSI devices should be uniformly spaced between terminators, with the end devices located as close as possible to the terminators.
Topic Windows NT Installation Information When Windows NT is installed via a bootable CD, the devices on the ADAC Ultra2 S466 will not be recognized until after the initial reboot. The Microsoft documented workaround is in SETUP.TXT: SETUP.TXT is on diskette 2 or the CD To install drivers when Setup recognizes one of the supported SCSI host adapters without making the devices attached to it available for use: 1 2 Restart Windows NT Setup.
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A SCSI Cables and Connectors SCSI Connectors ADAC Ultra2 S466 provides several different types of SCSI connectors. The connectors are: • • one 68-pin high density internal connector, and one 68-pin ultra high density external connector. 68-Pin High Density SCSI Internal Connector The SCSI channel on the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Controller has a 68-pin high density 0.050 inch pitch unshielded connector. This connector provides all signals needed to connect ADAC Ultra2 S466 to wide SCSI devices.
68-Pin High Density Connectors, Continued Cable Assembly for Internal Wide SCSI Devices The cable assembly for connecting internal wide SCSI devices is shown below: pin 1 pin 1 pin 1 Connectors: 68 position plug (male) AMP - 786090-7 Cable: Flat Ribbon or Twisted-Pair Flat Cable 68 Conductor 0.
68-Pin High Density Connectors, Continued Connecting Internal and External Wide Devices The cable assembly for connecting internal wide and external wide SCSI devices is shown below: A pin 1 pin 1 B pin 1 B Connector A: 68 position panel mount receptacle with 4-40 holes (female) AMP - 786096-7 NOTE: To convert to 2-56 holes, use screwlock kit 749087-1, 749087-2, or 750644-1 from AMP Connector B: 68 position plug (male) AMP - 786090-7 Cable: Flat Ribbon or Twisted-Pair Flat Cable 68 Conductor 0.
68-Pin High Density Connectors, Continued Converting Internal Wide to Internal Non-Wide (Type 2) The cable assembly for converting internal wide SCSI connectors to internal non-wide SCSI connectors is shown below: 68 POSITION CONNECTOR CONTACT NUMBER 50 POSITION CONNECTOR CONTACT NUMBER 6 40 7 1 2 3 41 4 pin 1 * * * A 49 20 16 50 21 22 17 51 18 OPEN OPEN OPEN 52 19 23 24 25 26 27 * * * 29 63 47 48 30 64 49 50 TABLE 1: pin 1 pin 1 B B Connector A: 68 position plug (male) AMP - 74992
68-Pin High Density Connectors, Continued Converting Internal Wide to Internal Non-Wide (Type 30) The cable assembly for connecting internal wide SCSI devices to internal non-wide SCSI devices is shown below: pin 1 A pin 1 B Connector A: 68 position plug (male) AMP - 749925-5 Connector B:50 position plug (male) AMP - 749925-3 Wire: Twisted-Pair Flat Cable or Laminated Discrete Wire Cable 25 pair 0.
68-Pin High Density Connectors, Continued Converting from Internal Wide to Internal Non-Wide (Type 3) The cable assembly for connecting internal wide SCSI devices to internal non-wide (Type 3) SCSI devices is shown below: pin 1 A pin 1 B Connector A: 68 position plug (male) AMP - 786090-7 Connector B:50 position plug (male) AMP - 786090-7 Wire: Flat ribbon or twisted-pair flat cable 50 conductor 0.
High-Density 68-Pin SCSI Connector Pinout Signal Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground TERMPWR TERMPWR Reserved Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Connector Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Cable Pin 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 Cabl
68-Pin SCSI Connector Pinout, Continued High-Density Single Ended Connector The following applies to the highdensity SCSI connector table on the previous page: • • • • A hyphen before a signal name indicates that signal is active low. The connector pin refers to the conductor position when using 0.025 inch centerline flat ribbon cable with a high-density connector (AMPLIMITE.050 Series connectors).
68-Pin Connector Pinout for LVD SCSI Signal +DB(12) +DB(13) +DB(14) +DB(15) +DB(P1) +DB(0) +DB(1) +DB(2) +DB(3) +DB(4) +DB(5) +DB(6) +DB(7) +DB(P) Ground DIFFSENS TERMPWR TERMPWR Reserved Ground +ATN Ground +BSY +ACK +RST +MSG +SEL +C/D +REQ +I/O +DB(8) +DB(9) +DB(10) +DB(11) Notes Connector Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Cable Pin 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 Cable Pin 2
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B Audible Warnings The ADAC Ultra2 S466 RAID controller has an onboard tone generator that indicates events and errors. Tone Pattern Three seconds on and one second off One second on and one second off One second on and three seconds off Meaning A logical drive is offline. A logical drive is running in degraded mode. An automatically initiated rebuild has been completed. Examples One or more drives in a RAID 0 configuration failed. Two or more drives in a RAID 1, 3, or 5 configuration failed.
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Index 6 68-Pin High Density Connectors, 85 A ADAC BIOS, 35 ADACASPI.SYS, 70 ADACDROM.SYS, 71 AMPLIMITE .
G GWC, 90 H Hardware Installation, 53 Hardware Requirements, 30 High-Density 68-Pin SCSI Connector and P-Cable Single-Ended Cable Pinouts, 91, 93 High-Density Connector, 92 Host-Based RAID Solution, 7 Hot Spare, 13, 16 Using during disk rebuild, 14 Hot Swap, 15, 39 I Improved I/O, 5 Increased Reliability, 5 Install Drivers, 70 Installation Custom, 54 J J 4 Channel 1 WIDE (16-bit) SCSI connector, 58 J1 Termination Enable, 59 J2, 66 J3 I2C Interface Connector, 59 J4 Serial Port, 59 J5 Disk Activity LED Con
Configuring, 10 RAID Levels, 19 RAID Levels Supported, 34 RAID Management, 38 Ready, 16 Rebuild, 16, 37 Rebuild Rate, 14 Rebuilding a disk, 14 Reconnect, 37 RedAlert, 40 S Scatter/Gather, 37 SCO Open Server R5.0x, 33 SCO Unix, 38 SCO UnixWare 2.
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