For Optimal Sensitivity (Trades off throughput for best possible sensitivity. AP more susceptible to interference) Radio Configuration Receive Power AP Remote Units Notes -80 N/A dBm Sets AP receiver for highest gain. When Heavy Interference Exists at AP (Trades off range for robustness in the face of interference) Radio Configuration Receive Power AP Remote Units -60 N/A dBm Notes Sets AP receiver for low gain, which forces Remote transmit power to be high.
Table 3-12. Mercury Remote Transceiver (Continued) (Performance Information>>Internal Radio Status Menu) Name Target Value Notes SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) Strong signal (bench setting): 25-28 dB A low SNR may be caused by noise or interfering signals. Operational: 3-30 dB Typ. System: 10-20 dB TX Freq. Offset 0-22,875 Hz Adjusts to accommodate what is expected by the AP. RX Freq. Offset 0-22,875 Hz Adjusts to accommodate what is expected by the AP.
• Use connectionware—The use of connectionware in the mobile laptops is highly recommended for better operation of a mobile data system. GE MDS provides connectionware from one of the vendors in this market. Contact your factory representative for details. • Plan your network coverage—Deploy Access Points so that they provide overlapping coverage with each other. Access Points must use the same Network Name to enable roaming service.
TROUBLESHOOTING & RADIO MEASUREMENTS 4 Chapter Counter Reset Paragraph Contents 4.1 TROUBLESHOOTING........................................................... 147 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 Interpreting the Front Panel LEDs ......................................... 147 Troubleshooting with the Embedded Management Sys. ........ 148 Using Logged Operation Events ............................................ 151 Alarm Conditions ...................................................................
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4.1 TROUBLESHOOTING Successful troubleshooting of a wireless system is not difficult, but requires a logical approach. It is best to begin troubleshooting at the Access Point unit, as the rest of the system depends on the Access Point for synchronization data. If the Access Point has problems, the operation of the entire wireless network is affected. When you find communication problems, it is good practice to begin by checking the simple causes.
resolving common system difficulties using the LEDs, and Table 4-2 on Page 149 provides other simple techniques. Table 4-1. Troubleshooting Using LEDs—Symptom-Based Symptom Problem/Recommended System Checks PWR LED does not turn on a. Voltage too low—Check for the proper supply voltage at the power connector. (10–30 Vdc) b. Indefinite Problem—Cycle the power and wait (≈ 30 seconds) for the unit to reboot. Then, recheck for normal operation. LINK LED does not turn on a.
Table 4-2. Basic Troubleshooting Using the Management System Symptom Problem/Recommended System Checks Cannot access the MS through COM1 a. Connect to unit via Telnet or Web browser. b. Disable the serial mode for COM1 (Serial Gateway Configuration>>Com1 Serial Data Port>>Status>>Disabled). Or, if you know the unit’s data configuration: a. Connect to COM 1 via a terminal set to VT100 and the port’s data baud rate. b. Type +++. c.
connect to the Management System, see “STEP 3—CONNECT PC TO THE TRANSCEIVER” on Page 25. Starting Information Screen (See Starting Information Screen on Page 42) The Management System’s home page provides some valuable bits of data. One of the most important is the Device Status field. This item tells you if the unit is operational. If the Device Status field says Associated, then look in the network areas beginning with network data statistics.
Packet Statistics Menu (See Packet Statistics Menu on Page 113) This screen provides detailed information on data exchanges between the unit being viewed and the network through the wireless and the Ethernet (data) layers.
permanent memory (Flash memory) until cleared by user request. Table 4-4 summarizes these classifications. Table 4-4.
Table 4-5. Alarm Conditions (Alphabetical Order) (Continued) Alarm Condition Reported Event Log Entry SNMP Trap EVENT_RSSI_CAL RSSI Not Calibrated rssiCal(9) EVENT_SYSTEM_ERROR* System Error Cleared; Please Reboot systemError(16) EVENT_TFTP_CONN TFTP connectivity achieved tftpConnection(73) EVENT_TFTP_ERR Attempted TFTP connection failed tftpConnFailed(79) * User can correct condition, clearing the alarm. 4.1.
The left hand column, Event Log Entry, is what shows in the Event Log. (See also Event Log Menu on Page 112.) Table 4-7.
Table 4-7. Non-Critical Events—Alphabetical Order (Continued) Event Log Entry Severity Description System Bootup (power on) INFORM Self explanatory Telnet Access Locked for 5 Min MAJOR Self explanatory Telnet User Logged Out/Logged In MAJOR Self explanatory User Selected Reboot MAJOR Self explanatory 4.2 RADIO (RF) MEASUREMENTS There are several measurements that should be performed during the initial installation.
Procedure 1. Place a directional wattmeter between the TX antenna connector and the antenna system. 2. Place the transceiver into the Radio Test Mode using the menu sequence below: (Maintenance/Tools Menu>>Radio Test>>Radio Mode>>Test) 3. Set the transmit power to 29 dBm (900 model), or 23 dBm (3650 model). (This setting does not affect the output level during normal operation—only during Test Mode.) (Maintenance/Tools Menu>>Radio Test >>Test Mode>>Test>>Test Transmit Power) 4. Key the transmitter.
RSSI measurements and Wireless Packet Statistics are based on multiple samples over a period of several seconds. The average of these measurements is displayed by the Management System. The measurement and antenna alignment process usually takes 10 or more minutes at each radio unit. The path to the Management System menu item is shown in bold text below each step of the procedure. Procedure 1.
7. If the RSSI peak results in an increase in the Wireless Packets Dropped and Received Error, the antenna may be aimed at an undesired signal source. Try a different antenna orientation. End of procedure. 158 Mercury Reference Manual 05-4446A01, Rev.
5 PLANNING A RADIO NETWORK 5 Chapter Counter Reset Paragraph Contents 5.1 INSTALLATION PLANNING .................................................. 161 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 5.1.7 5.1.8 5.1.9 General Requirements ........................................................... 161 Site Selection ......................................................................... 162 Terrain and Signal Strength .................................................... 163 Antenna & Feedline Selection ..........
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5.1 INSTALLATION PLANNING This section provides tips for selecting an appropriate site, choosing an antenna system, and reducing the chance of harmful interference. 5.1.1 General Requirements There are three main requirements for installing a transceiver—adequate and stable primary power, a good antenna system, and the correct interface between the transceiver and the data device. Figure 5-1 shows a typical Remote installation. NOTE: The transceiver’s network port supports 10BaseT and 100BaseT connections.
(11.43 cm) mounting location that provides easy access to the connectors on the end of the radio and an unobstructed view of the LED status indicators. 4.5 TOP VIEW 6.75 (17.15 cm) 1.4 (3.56 cm) FRONT VIEW Figure 5-2. Transceiver Dimensions 2.75 (7 cm) Invisible place holder 8 5/8 (21.8 cm) Figure 5-3. Mounting Bracket Dimensions (center to center) NOTE: To prevent moisture from entering the radio, do not mount the radio with the cable connectors pointing up.
• A source of adequate and stable primary power • Suitable entrances for antenna, interface, or other required cabling • An antenna location that provides a transmission path that is as unobstructed as possible in the direction of the associated station(s) With the exception of the transmission path, you can quickly determine these requirements. Radio signals travel primarily by line-of-sight, and obstructions between the sending and receiving stations will affect system performance.
In general, an omnidirectional antenna (Figure 5-4) is used at the Access Points and mobile Remote stations. This provides equal signal coverage in all directions. NOTE: Antenna polarization is important. If the wrong polarization is used, a signal reduction of 20 dB or more will result.
Diversity Reception (RX2) Antenna Port Functional on some models. The RX2 antenna port allows connection of a second antenna to the transceiver for space diversity reception. GPS Antennas A number of GPS antennas (both active and passive) are available for use with the transceivers. Consult your factory representative for more information. Feedlines Carefully consider the choice of feedline used with the antenna.
Table 5-2. Length vs. Loss in Coaxial Cables at 3600 MHz Cable Type 10 Feet (3.05 m) 50 Feet (15.24 m) 100 Feet (30.48 m) 500 Feet (152.4 m) 1/2 inch HELIAX 0.92 dB 4.6 dB 9.16 dB Unacceptable Loss 7/8 inch HELIAX 0.52 dB 2.56 dB 5.12 dB Unacceptable Loss 1-1/4 inch HELIAX 0.40 dB 1.92 dB 3.8 dB 19 dB 1-5/8 inch HELIAX 0.32 dB 1.6 dB 3.
NOTE: There is no minimum feedline length required when a 6 dBi gain or less antenna is used, as the EIRP will never exceed 36 dBm which is the maximum allowed, per FCC rules. Only the manufacturer or a sub-contracted professional installer can adjust the transceiver’s RF output power. The transceiver’s power output is factory set to maintain compliance with the FCC’s Digital Transmission System (DTS) Part 15 rules.
station (shown by a lit LINK LED on the front panel), then measure the reported RSSI value. (See “Antenna Aiming—For Directional Antennas” on Page 156 for details.) If you cannot obtain adequate signal strength, it might be necessary to mount the station antennas higher, use higher gain antennas, select a different site, or install a repeater station.
chance of causing unnecessary interference to nearby systems and also keeps power consumption to a minimum. Configuring Mercury 3650 for Shared Spectrum Use (Contention-Based Protocol) While the Mercury 3650 has been designed to reduce the effects of interferers outside of the RF channel, cases may arrive where interferers may cause undesired operation. In the case of WiMAX interferers, proper configuration of the radio may reduce these effects.
5.1.8 ERP Compliance at 900 MHz To determine the maximum allowable power setting of the radio, perform the following steps: 1. Determine the antenna system gain by subtracting the feedline loss (in dB) from the antenna gain (in dBi). For example, if the antenna gain is 9.5 dBi, and the feedline loss is 1.5 dB, the antenna system gain would be 8 dB. (If the antenna system gain is 6 dB or less, no power adjustment is required.) 2. Subtract the antenna system gain from 36 dBm (the maximum allowable EIRP).
be observed for the listed bandwidths and antenna types approved. Consult the factory for other antenna options of lower gain. 05-4446A01, Rev.
5.2 dBm-WATTS-VOLTS CONVERSION CHART Table 5-5 is provided as a convenience for determining the equivalent voltage or wattage of an RF power expressed in dBm. Table 5-5. dBm-Watts-Volts conversion—for 50 ohm systems 172 dBm V Po dBm V Po dBm mV +53 +50 +49 +48 +47 +46 +45 +44 +43 +42 +41 +40 +39 +38 +37 +36 +35 +34 +33 +32 +31 +30 +29 +28 +27 +26 +25 +24 +23 +22 +21 +20 +19 +18 +17 +16 +15 +14 +13 +12 +11 +10 +9 +8 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 200W 100W 80W 64W 50W 40W 32W 25W 20W 16W 12.5W 10W 8W 6.
6 TECHNICAL REFERENCE 6 Chapter Counter Reset Paragraph Contents 6.1 DATA INTERFACE CONNECTORS ...................................... 175 6.1.1 LAN Port ................................................................................. 175 6.1.2 COM1 Port ............................................................................. 175 6.2 SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................. 176 6.3 NOTES ON SNMP................................................................
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6.1 DATA INTERFACE CONNECTORS Two types of data interface connectors are provided on the front panel of the transceiver—an RJ-45 LAN port, and a DB-9 serial port (COM1), which uses the RS-232 (EIA-232) signaling standard. CAUTION RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE POTENTIAL The transceiver meets U.S.A.’s FCC Part 15, Class A limits when used with shielded data cables. 6.1.1 LAN Port Use the transceiver’s LAN port to connect the radio to an Ethernet network.
“straight-through” cable. These cables are available commercially, or may be constructed using the pinout information in Table 6-2. Table 6-2. COM1 Port Pinout, DB-9F/RS-232 Interface Pin Functions DCE 1 Unused 2 Receive Data (RXD) <—[Out 3 Transmit Data (TXD) —>[In 4 Unused 5 Signal Ground (GND) 6–9 Unused 6.2 SPECIFICATIONS General • Raw Bit Rate: from 600 kbps to 12.7 Mbps • Frequency Bands: 902-928 MHz ISM band 3.65-3.7 GHz Registered FCC band • Bandwidths: 900 model—1.75, 3.
Note that the transceiver is a half-duplex radio, so maximum user throughput is based on a configured or dynamic duty cycle, which is typically 50/50 indicating that half of the maximum throughput would be available one way. The maximum user throughput is also based on high protocol overhead from TCP/IP applications. For UDP applications, these throughput numbers will increase.
Mechanical • Case: Die Cast Aluminum • Dimensions: 5.715 H x 20 W x 12.382 D cm. (2.25 H x 7.875 W x 4.875 D in.) • Weight: 1kg (2.2 lb.) • Mounting options: Flat surface mount brackets, DIN rail, 19” rack tray External GPS PPS Option Parameter Minimum Maximum Pulse Voltage (logic low) 0V 1V Pulse Voltage (logic high) 1.7 V 10 V Source Impedance (ohms) — 200 Ω 0.0001% (1μsec) 50% (0.5 sec) 0.99999999 Hz (-0.1 ppm error) 1.00000001 Hz (+0.1 ppm error) Module Clamping Voltage 2.7 V 3.
to RFC2574 for full details). The SNMP Agent has limited SNMPv3 support in the following areas: • Only MD5 Authentication is supported (no SHA-1). SNMPv3 provides support for MD5 and SHA-1. • Limited USM User Table Manipulation. The SNMP Agent starts with 5 default accounts. New accounts can be added (SNMPv3 adds new accounts by cloning existing ones), but they will be volatile (will not survive a power-cycle). New views cannot be configured on the SNMP Agent.
This behavior was chosen based on RFC specifications. The SNMP Manager and Agent do not exchange passwords, but actually exchange keys based on passwords. If the Manager changes the Agent’s password, the Agent does not know the new password. The Agent only knows the new key. In this case, only the Manager knows the new password. This could cause problems if the Manager loses the password. If that happens, the Agent becomes unmanageable.
• Passwords are currently managed locally. The local passwords are Fairport (Auth) and Churchville (Priv). Configuration is changed to handle the passwords from the Manager. The Manager changes the passwords to Brighton (Auth) and Perinton (Priv). The radio is then rebooted. After a power-cycle, the radio will use the passwords stored in flash memory, which are Fairport (Auth) and Churchville (Priv). The Manager must be re-configured to use these new passwords. Table 6-4.
Table 6-4.
7 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 7 Chapter Counter Reset Paragraph If you are new to wireless IP/Ethernet systems, some of the terms used in this manual might be unfamiliar. The following glossary explains many of these terms and will prove helpful in understanding the operation of your radio network. Some of these terms do not appear in the manual, but are often encountered in the wireless industry, and are therefore provided for completeness.
from the number and order of bits in a data string. This value is compared with a locally-generated value and a match indicates that the message is unchanged, and therefore valid. Data Circuit-terminating Equipment—See DCE. Data Communications Equipment—See DCE. Datagram—A data string consisting of an IP header and the IP message within. Data Terminal Equipment—See DTE. dBd—Decibels (dipole antenna). dBi—Decibels referenced to an “ideal” isotropic radiator in free space.
Digital Signal Processing—See DSP. DSP—Digital Signal Processing. DSP circuitry is responsible for the most critical real-time tasks; primarily modulation, demodulation, and servicing of the data port. DTE—Data Terminal Equipment. A device that provides data in the form of digital signals at its output. Connects to the DCE device.
communications device. When the buffer approaches overflow, the radio drops the clear-to-send (CTS) line, that instructs the connected device to delay further transmission until CTS again returns to the high state. Host Computer—The computer installed at the master station site, that controls the collection of data from one or more remote sites.
and tear down connections with various access points as it moves through the access points' territory. Mode—See Device Mode. MTBF—Mean-Time Between Failures Multiple Address System (MAS)—See Point-Multipoint System. NMEA—National Marine Electronics Association. National body that established a protocol for interfacing GPS data between electronic equipment. Network Name—User-selectable alphanumeric string that is used to identify a group of radio units that form a communications network.
Portability refers to the ability of a station to connect to an access point from multiple locations without the need to reconfigure the network settings. For example, a remote transceiver that is connected to an access point may be turned off, moved to new site, turned back on, and, assuming the right information is entered, can immediately reconnect to the access point without user intervention. PLC—Programmable Logic Controller.
SNTP—Simple Network Time Protocol SSL—Secure Socket Layer SSH—Secure Shell STP—Spanning Tree Protocol Standing-Wave Ratio—See SWR. SWR—Standing-Wave Ratio. A parameter related to the ratio between forward transmitter power and the reflected power from the antenna system. As a general guideline, reflected power should not exceed 10% of the forward power (≈ 2:1 SWR).
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Index Numerics 100BaseT 55, 161 10BaseT 55, 161 16QAM 74 64QAM 74 802.
C cable crossover 36, 38, 175 EIA-232 Shielded Data 19 Ethernet crossover 14, 25, 39 Ethernet RJ-45 Crossover 19 Ethernet RJ-45 Straight-thru 19 feedlines 165 serial communications 25, 37 straight-through 38, 39, 175 certificate files 96 type 100 Certificate Filename 100 Change Admin Password 94 Guest Password 94 channel selection 69 single frequency 68 type 72 CHANNELS 61 clear Ethernet statistics 114 Event Log 112 MDS wireless statistics 114 Collocating Multiple Radio Networks 16 Commit Changes and Exit W
Diagnostic Tools 151 dimensions 161 DIN Rail Mounting Bracket 20 DKEY command 155 Downlink 143 Percentage 73 DSP (Digital Signal Processing), defined 185 DTE defined 185 DUR 61 E EIA-232 13 Embedded Management System 25 Enable Filtering 56 encapsulation defined 185 serial 75 transparent 75 encryption 5 AES 4 Phrase 95 Endpoint defined 185 Equalization, defined 185 Ethernet filtering configuration 55 Port Config 46 port enable 55 port follows association 55 port phy rate 55 event Alarms 152 Critical 152 Info
netmask Strict Signal 70 Hardware Event Triggers 102, 104 flow control, defined 185 Version 43 hop pattern 68, 144 pattern offset 68 Hopping frequency, defined 185 Host computer 85 computer, defined 186 HTTP Auth Mode 93 defined 186 Mode 93 HyperTerminal 36, 37 Hysteresis Margin 72, 73 address 49 netmask 49 tunneling 75 K KEY command 155 transmitter, for antenna SWR check 155 I IANA 76 ICMP defined 186 IEEE 802.1Q 48, 49, 186 802.1X 186 defined 186 IEEE 802.
Maximum Receive Errors 105 MD5, defined 186 MDS Security Suite 17 measurements radio 155 Media Access Controller, defined 186 MIB defined 186 files 33, 57 version II 57 mobile 9 Mobility defined 186 MODBUS 87 ASCII 89 RTU 89 Modbus TCP Server 87 Mode 61, 77 Device, defined 184 mixed 85 Model 108 modulation protection 73 MTBF, defined 187 multicast addressing 76 OFFSET 61 optimizing radio performance 139 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 4 Outgoing Connection s Inactivity Timeout 80 N NAME 61 NEMA
Programmable Logic Controller 13 Protection Margin 72, 73 protocol DHCP 53 HTTP 33 HTTPS 33 ICMP 48 defined 186 IP 12, 26, 50, 74 SNMP 33, 48, 50, 57, 178 defined 188 SNTP 46, 189 SSH 33, 36 STP, defined 189 Syslog 112 TCP 75, 80, 81, 85 defined 189 Telnet 33, 36, 38, 48 TFTP 48, 128 defined 189 UDP 75, 76, 81, 82, 85 defined 189 Pseudo-Random Noise 115 PuTTY usage 41 defined 188 Q QoS 4 QPSK 74 Quality of Service 4 R Radio Configuration 44 Details 121 Event Triggers 102, 103 Frequency Interference 17 inter
Serial Configuration Wizard 76 data baud rate 75 encapsulation 75 Number 43, 108 Port Configuration 44 radio networks, backhaul 11 server status 52 time 113 signal strength 163 -to-noise ratio 115 defined 188 Simple Network Management Protocol, defined 188 Time Protocol 62 defined 189 Single channel operation 24 Frequency Channel 26, 68 SINGLE_CHAN 62 Site selection 162 SNMP 33, 50 Agent Config 46 defined 188 Mode 58, 59 traps 181 usage 178 V3 Passwords 59 SNMPv3 178 accounts 179 SNR 72, 115, 121, 143 aver
U UDP 75, 82, 85 defined 189 mode 77 multicast 76 Point-to-Point 78 Uncorrected FEC Count 122, 143 Unit Password 26 upgrade firmware 137 Uplink 143 Uptime 43, 108 User Auth Fallback 93 Auth Method 93 Authentication 97 Datagram Protocol, defined 189 Passwords 93 Menu 94 User Auth Mode 98 UTC Time Offset 109 UTP, defined 189 V V3 Authentication Password 58 View Approved Remotes 96 Current Settings 77 Event Log 112 Menu 113 VLAN 48, 189 data 48, 49 Ethport Mode 49 ID 49 management 48, 49 Status 46, 47, 49 Voic
IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY... GE MDS products are designed for long life and trouble-free operation. However, this equipment, as with all electronic equipment, may have an occasional component failure. The following information will assist you in the event that servicing becomes necessary. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Technical assistance for GE MDS products is available from our Technical Support Department during business hours (8:00 A.M.—5:30 P.M. Eastern Time).
GE MDS, LLC 175 Science Parkway Rochester, NY 14620 General Business: +1 585 242-9600 FAX: +1 585 242-9620 Web: www.GEmds.