User Manual User Manual

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Arbitrary Function Generator

AFG-2000 Series

USER MANUAL

GW INSTEK PART NO. 82AF-21200EC1

ISO-9001 CERTIFIED MANUFACTURER

Summary of content (145 pages)

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Arbitrary Function Generator AFG-2000 Series USER MANUAL GW INSTEK PART NO.
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This manual contains proprietary information, which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this manual may be photocopied, reproduced or translated to another language without prior written consent of Good Will Corporation. The information in this manual was correct at the time of printing. However, Good Will continues to improve its products and therefore reserves the right to change the specifications, equipment, and maintenance procedures at any time without notice.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS .................................. 3 GETTING STARTED ......................................... 8 Main Features ..................................................................... 8 Panel Overview .................................................................. 10 Setting up the Function Generator .................................... 16 QUICK REFERENCE ....................................... 18 How to use the Digital Inputs .......................
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Using the Frequency Counter ............................................. 75 Using the SYNC Output Port ............................................. 77 Save and Recall State/ARB Waveform ................................ 81 REMOTE INTERFACE ..................................... 83 Selecting the USB Remote Interface .................................. 85 Command Syntax ............................................................... 86 Command List ................................
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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS This chapter contains important safety instructions that should be followed when operating and storing the function generator. Read the following before any operation to ensure your safety and to keep the function generator in the best condition. Safety Symbols These safety symbols may appear in this manual or on the instrument. WARNING Warning: Identifies conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Double Insulated Do not dispose electronic equipment as unsorted municipal waste. Please use a separate collection facility or contact the supplier from which this instrument was purchased. Safety Guidelines General Guideline CAUTION  Do not place heavy objects on the instrument.  Do not place flammable objects on the instrument.  Avoid severe impact or rough handling that may damage the function generator.
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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS Fuse WARNING Cleaning the function generator Operation Environment  Fuse type: F1A/250V.  Only qualified technicians should replace the fuse.  To ensure fire protection, replace the fuse only with the specified type and rating.  Disconnect the power cord and all test leads before replacing the fuse.  Make sure the cause of fuse blowout is fixed before replacing the fuse.  Disconnect the power cord before cleaning the function generator.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual precipitation, and full wind pressure, but neither temperature nor humidity is controlled. Storage environment Disposal 6  Location: Indoor  Relative Humidity: < 70%  Temperature: -10°C to 70°C Do not dispose this instrument as unsorted municipal waste. Please use a separate collection facility or contact the supplier from which this instrument was purchased. Please make sure discarded electrical waste is properly recycled to reduce environmental impact.
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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS Power cord for the United Kingdom When using the function generator in the United Kingdom, make sure the power cord meets the following safety instructions.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual GETTING STARTED The Getting started chapter introduces the function generator’s main features, appearance and introduces a quick instructional summary of some of the basic functions. For comprehensive operation instructions, please see the operation chapter. Main Features Model name Frequency Range AFG-2005 AFG-2105 AFG-2012 AFG-2112 AFG-2025 AFG-2125 0.1Hz~5MHz 0.1Hz~12MHz 0.1Hz~25MHz Output waveform Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise, ARB Amplitude range 0.
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GETTING STARTED ARB       USB Interface       Performance  DDS technology using an FPGA provides high resolution waveforms  25MHz DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) signal output series  0.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Panel Overview AFG-2105/2112/2125 Front Panel LCD Display Number pad Scroll Wheel Arrow keys SYNC output port OUTPUT AFG-2125 Arbitrary Function Generator SYNC FUNC 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 FREQ 50W AMPL MAIN OFST Enter Function keys DUTY Point Value / 0 50W High-Z/50Ω Save/Recall POWER INT/EXT Hop Hz/Vpp kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm % Shape DEP/DEV Rate Start/Stop Gate AM FM FSK LIN/LOG Sweep Count Shift Enter key ARB ARB keys MAIN output port
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GETTING STARTED LCD display Keypad 3.5 inch, 3 color LCD display. 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 The digital keypad is used to enter values and parameters. The keypad is often used in conjunction with the selection keys and variable knob. / 0 The scroll wheel is used to edit values and parameters in steps of 1 digit. Used in conjunction with the arrow keys. Scroll Wheel Decrease Used to select digits when editing parameters. Arrow keys Output ports Increase SYNC output port (50Ω impedance).
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Save/Recall Shift Hz/Vpp + Selects kHz or Vrms units. kHz/Vrms INT/EXT Shift + kHz/Vrms Hop + MHz/dBm LIN/LOG % + The AM key is used to turn AM modulation on/off*. AM Shape AM + DEP/DEV + FM Rate + Sweep 12 Selects the modulation depth or the frequency deviation*. Selects FSK modulation*. FSK Shift Selects the modulation waveform*. The FM key is used to turn FM modulation on/off*. FM Shift Sets the sweep to linear or logarithmic*.
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GETTING STARTED Start/Stop Shift + Turns the frequency counter on/off*. Count Gate Shift ARB edit keys + Point Value ARB Function keys FUNC Sets the Start or Stop frequency*. Sweep Count Sets the frequency counter gate time*. Arbitrary waveform editing keys. The Point key sets the ARB point numbers. The Value key sets the amplitude value of the selected point. The FUNC key is used to select the output waveform type: Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise, ARB.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual AFG-2105/2112/2125 Rear Panel MOD output WARNING TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK THE POWER CORD PROTECTIVE GROUNDING CONDUCTOR MUST BE CONNECTED TO GROUND. NO OPERATOR SERVICEABLE COMPONENTS INSIDE. DO NOT REMOVE COVERS. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL. OUTPUT INPUT MOD Counter Counter input AC 100-240V 50-60Hz 25VA SER.NO.
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GETTING STARTED Display Counter settings Waveform type USB icon Frequency display Secondary parameter display Modulation, sweep, counter menu Waveform type Press the function key to cycle through different output waveforms. Counter settings Gate time counter settings*. USB icon Shows the USB interface status. Frequency Display Displays the main waveform frequency settings. Secondary parameter display Displays secondary waveform parameters and settings.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Setting up the Function Generator Background This section describes how adjust the handle and power up the function generator. Adjusting the stand Pull out the handle sideways and rotate it. Place the AFG horizontally. Place the handle upright to tilt the stand. Place the handle vertically to hand carry.
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GETTING STARTED Power Up 1. Connect the power cord to the socket on the rear panel. 2. Press the power button on the front panel. POWER 3. The instrument will turn on and load the default settings (see page 32 for default settings). The function generator is now ready to be used.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual QUICK REFERENCE This chapter lists operation shortcuts and default factory settings. Use this chapter as a handy reference for instrument functions. This chapter is to be used as a quick reference; for detailed explanations on parameters, settings and limitations, please see the operation chapter (page 34) or specifications (page 137). How to use the Digital Inputs ............................................ 19 Selecting a Waveform .............................................
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual How to use the Digital Inputs Background The AFG-2000 has three main types of digital inputs: the number pad, arrow keys and the scroll wheel. The following instructions will show you how to use the digital inputs to edit parameters. 1. First select the function that must be edited pressing one of the function or ARB keys. The selected function will flash. AFG-2025 Arbitrary Function Generator FUNC 9 5 6 1 2 3 OFST Enter DUTY Function keys Point 2.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 3. Use the scroll wheel to increment the parameter by the resolution of the digit under the cursor. In the example above, the scroll wheel will increment the parameter in 0.1 volt increments. Clockwise increases the value, counterclockwise decreases the value. 4. Press the Enter key to confirm the new parameter value. 5. Alternatively, the number pad can be used to set the value of the selected parameter. Enter 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 6.
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QUICK REFERENCE Selecting a Waveform Sine Wave Example: Sine Wave, 10kHz, 1Vpp, 2Vdc Output MAIN 50W 1. Press the FUNC key repeatedly to select the Sine wave. FUNC → 2. Press FREQ > 1 > 0 > kHz. FREQ 1 0 3. Press AMPL > 1 > Vpp. AMPL 1 Hz/Vpp 4. Press OFST > 2 > Vpp. OFST 2 Hz/Vpp 5. Press the OUTPUT key. kHz/Vrms OUTPUT Square Wave Example: Square Wave, 10kHz, 3Vpp, 75% duty cycle Output MAIN 50W 1. Press the FUNC key repeatedly to select the Square wave. 2. Press FREQ > 1 > 0 > kHz.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 3. Press AMPL > 3 > Vpp. AMPL 3 Hz/Vpp 4. Press DUTY > 7 > 5 > %. DUTY 7 5 5. Press the output key. % OUTPUT Ramp Wave Example: Ramp Wave, 10kHz, 3Vpp, 25% symmetry Output MAIN 50W 1. Press the FUNC key repeatedly to select the Ramp wave. → 2. Press FREQ > 1 > 0 > kHz. FREQ 1 0 3. Press AMPL > 3 > Vpp. AMPL 3 Hz/Vpp 4. Press DUTY > 2 > 5 > %. DUTY 2 5 5. Press the OUTPUT key.
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QUICK REFERENCE ARB ARB - Points Example: 2 ARB points, 10 kHz, 1Vpp. Output MAIN 50W 1. Press the FUNC key repeatedly to select the ARB wave. FUNC → 2. Press FREQ > 1 > 0 > kHz. FREQ 1 0 3. Press AMPL > 1 > Vpp. AMPL 1 Hz/Vpp 4. Press Point > 0 > Enter. Point 0 5. Press Value > 5 > 1 >1 > Enter. Value 5 6. Press Point > 1 > Enter. Point 1 Value / 7. Press Value > ± > 5 > 1 >1 > Enter. (-511) 8. Press the OUTPUT key.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Modulation AM (2100 series only) Example: AM modulation. 100Hz modulating square wave. 1 Vpp, 1kHz Sine wave carrier. 70% modulation depth. Internal source signal. Output MAIN 50W 1. Press the FUNC key repeatedly to select the Sine wave. FUNC 2. Press FREQ > 1 > kHz. FREQ 1 3. Press AMPL > 1 > Vpp. AMPL 1 4. Press AM. AM 5. Press Shift > INT/EXT > select INT source. Shift 6. Press Shift > Shape repeatedly to select the Square wave.
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QUICK REFERENCE 8. Press Shift > DEP/DEV> 7 > 0 > %. 9. Press the OUTPUT key. 10. Press AM again to deselect the AM function. DEP/DEV Shift FM + 7 0 % OUTPUT AM FM (2100 series only) Example: FM modulation. 100Hz modulating square wave. 1Vpp, 1kHz Sine wave carrier. 100 Hz frequency deviation. Internal Source. Output MAIN 50W 1. Press the FUNC key repeatedly to select the Sine wave. FUNC → 2. Press FREQ > 1 > kHz. FREQ 1 3. Press AMPL > 1 > Vpp. AMPL 1 4. Press FM. FM 5.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 6. Press Shift > Shape repeatedly to select Square wave. Shape Shift 7. Press Shift > Rate > 1 > 0 > 0 > Hz. 8. Press Shift > DEP/DEV> 1 > 0 > 0> Hz FSK + 1 0 1 0 Hz/Vpp DEP/DEV Shift FM + Hz/Vpp 0 10. Press FM again to deselect the AM function. → Rate Shift 0 9. Press the OUTPUT key. AM + OUTPUT FM FSK Modulation (2100 series only) Example: FSK modulation. 10Hz Hop frequency. 1Vpp, 1kHz Ramp carrier wave. 100 Hz Rate (modulation frequency).
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QUICK REFERENCE 4. Press FSK. FSK 5. Press Shift > INT/EXT > select INT source. Shift INT/EXT 6. Press Shift > Rate > 1 > 0 > 0 > Hz. Rate Shift + FSK 1 0 1 0 Hz/Vpp 0 7. Press Shift > Hop > 1 > 0 > Hz. + kHz/Vrms Hop Shift + MHz/dBm Hz/Vpp 8. Press the OUTPUT key. 9. Press FSK again to deselect the FSK function.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Sweep (2100 series only) Example: Frequency Sweep. Start Frequency 1Hz, Stop Frequency 1MHz. 1Hz Rate. 1Vpp. Linear Sweep. Output MAIN 50W 1. Press the FUNC key repeatedly to select the Ramp wave. 2. Press AMPL > 1 > Vpp. 3. Press Sweep. FUNC AMPL Shift 5. Press Shift > Start/Stop select Start> 1 > Hz. Shift 7. Press Shift > Rate > 1 > Hz. Hz/Vpp 1 Sweep 4. Press Shift > INT/EXT > select INT source. 6. Press Shift > Start/Stop select Stop> 1 > MHz.
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QUICK REFERENCE 9. Press the OUTPUT key. 10. Press Sweep again to deselect the sweep function.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Counter (2100 series only) Example: Frequency counter function, gate time 1s. Input OUTPUT INPUT MOD Counter 1. Press the Count key. 2. Press Shift > Gate repeatedly to select the 1S gate time. FSK MOD Gate Shift + Count 3. Connect the signal to the counter input signal. 4. Press Count again to deselect the counter function.
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QUICK REFERENCE Save/Recall Save Example: Save waveform to memory. 1. Press Shift > Save/Recall. Select Save. Save/Recall Shift + Hz/Vpp 2. Turn the scroll wheel and choose a save number. 3. Press Enter to confirm the save file number. Enter Recall Example: Recall waveform from memory. 1. Press Shift > Save/Recall. Select Recall. Save/Recall Shift + Hz/Vpp 2. Turn the scroll wheel and choose a saved file number. 3. Press Enter to confirm the recall.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Default Settings The default settings appear each time the power is turned on. Output Config. Modulation (AM/FM/FSK) Sweep 32 Function Sine wave Frequency 1kHz Amplitude 100mVpp Offset 0.
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QUICK REFERENCE Power off signal On Display mode On Error queue cleared Memory settings (ARB) No change Output Off Interface config.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual OPERATION The Operation chapter shows how to output basic waveforms and create ARB waveforms. The AFG-2105/ 2112/ 2125 can also perform advanced functions such as modulation, sweep, FSK and counter functions. Select a Waveform ............................................................. 36 Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise Waveform ................................ 36 Setting the Frequency ........................................................ 36 Setting the Amplitude ..............
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OPERATION Selecting FSK Modulation .................................................... 59 FSK Carrier Waveform .......................................................... 60 FSK Carrier Frequency .......................................................... 60 Setting the Carrier Amplitude .............................................. 61 Setting the Hop Frequency .................................................. 62 FSK Rate ...............................................................................
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Select a Waveform The AFG-2000 can output four standard waveforms: sine, square, ramp and noise waveforms. Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise Waveform Panel Operation 1. Press the FUNC key repeatedly to select a standard waveform (Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise). FUNC → Example: Sine wave Note The modulation, FSK, sweep and counter functions must be disabled before a standard waveform can be output. Setting the Frequency Panel Operation 1. Press the FREQ key. FREQ 2.
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OPERATION 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the frequency. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new frequency. Range → 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Sine 0.1Hz ~ 25MHz* Square 0.1Hz ~ 25MHz* Ramp 0.1Hz ~ 1MHz Enter Hz/Vpp → kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm / *limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2005/2105, 12MHz for the AFG-2012/2112. Example: FREQ = 1kHz Setting the Amplitude Panel Operation 1. Press the AMPL key. AMPL 2.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the amplitude. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new amplitude. Range No load → 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Enter Hz/Vpp → kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm / 2mVpp~20Vpp 2mVpp~10Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz 50Ω Load 1mVpp~10Vpp 1mVpp~5Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz Example: AMPL= 1Vpp Setting the DC Offset Panel Operation 1. Press the OFST key. OFST 2. The OFST icon will flash in the secondary display area.
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OPERATION 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the offset. → Use the keypad and the Vpp key to enter a new offset. 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Range No Load (AC+DC) → Enter Hz/Vpp / ±10Vpk ±5 Vpk for 20MHz–25MHz 50Ω Load (AC+DC) ±5 Vpk ±2.5 Vpk for 20MHz–25MHz Example: OFST= 1VDC Setting the Duty Cycle/Symmetry Background Panel Operation The DUTY key sets the duty cycle or symmetry of the standard square or ramp waveforms. 1.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 4. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the duty cycle/symmetry. Use the keypad and the % key to enter a new duty cycle/symmetry. Duty Cycle Range 40 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 ≤ 5MHz 20.0% ~ 80.0% ≤ 10MHz 40.0 ~ 60.0% ≤ 25MHz 50.0% (fixed) All frequencies Enter → % / 1.0% ~ 99.9% 0% Example: DUTY= 50.
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OPERATION Setting the Output Impedance Background The AFG-2000 output impedance can be set to 50Ω or to High-Z. When the output impedance is set to high-Z the effect output is doubled compared to the default 50Ω. For example, when the amplitude is set to 10Vpp (impedance of 50Ω) when the output impedance is switched to high-Z, the amplitude becomes 20Vpp. Note dBm units are not supported for the high-Z output impedance.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Turning the Output On High Z/50Ω Panel Operation 1. Press the OUTPUT key to output the selected waveform. OUTPUT The output key will turn green when the output is on. OUTPUT OUTPUT High Z/50Ω 2. To disable the output, press the OUTPUT key again. OUTPUT The output key will turn off when the output is disabled.
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OPERATION Amplitude Modulation (AM) (AFG-2100 Series) An AM waveform is produced from a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform. The amplitude of the modulated carrier waveform depends on the amplitude of the modulating waveform. The AFG-2100 function generator can set the carrier frequency, amplitude and offset as well as internal or external modulation sources. AM modulation is only applicable for the AFG-2105, AFG-2112 and the AFG-2125 function generators.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Example: AM activated Note AM modulation can be deactivated by pressing the AM key again. AM Carrier Waveform Background Selecting the Carrier Shape Range The FUNC key selects the AM carrier waveform. Sine, square or ramp waveforms can be used as the carrier. The default waveform is set to sine. Noise is not available as a carrier shape. Before the carrier shape can be selected, ensure AM is active, page 43. 1.
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OPERATION 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the frequency. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new frequency. Range → 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Sine 0.1Hz ~ 25MHz* Square 0.1Hz ~ 25MHz* Ramp 0.1Hz ~ 1MHz Enter Hz/Vpp → kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm / *limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for the AFG-2112. Example: FREQ = 1kHz Setting the Carrier Amplitude Panel Operation 1. Press AMPL key. AMPL 2. The AMPL icon will flash in the secondary display area.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the amplitude. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new amplitude. Range No Load → 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Enter Hz/Vpp → kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm / 2mVpp~20Vpp 2mVpp~10Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz 50Ω Load 1mVpp~10Vpp 1mVpp~5Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz Example: AMPL= 1Vpp Setting the Modulating Wave Shape The AFG-2100 has sine, square and ramp modulating waveform shapes. Sine waves are the default wave shape.
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OPERATION Restrictions Square 50% duty cycle Ramp 50% symmetry Example: Shape = Sine Setting the Modulation Frequency (Rate) Panel Operation 1. Press the Shift + Rate key. Rate Shift + FSK 2. The Rate icon will flash in the frequency display area. 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the rate. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new rate.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Example: Rate= 100Hz Modulation Depth Modulation depth is the ratio (as a percentage) of the unmodulated carrier amplitude and the minimum amplitude deviation of the modulated waveform. In other words, modulation depth is the maximum amplitude of the modulated waveform compared to the carrier waveform as a percentage. Panel Operation 1. Press the Shift + DEP/DEV key. DEP/DEV Shift FM + 2. The DEP icon will flash in the secondary display area. 3.
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OPERATION Example: DEP= 100% Note When the modulation depth is greater than 100%, the output cannot exceed ±5VPeak (50Ω load). If an external modulation source is selected, modulation depth is limited to ±5V from the MOD input port on the rear panel. For example, if the modulation depth is set to 100%, then the maximum amplitude is +5V, and the minimum amplitude is -5V. Setting the Modulation Source Panel Operation 1. Press the Shift + INT/EXT key to select the modulation source.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Example: Source = INT Example: External MOD input signal AM output MOD input signal 50 0V +5V 0V -5V
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OPERATION Frequency Modulation (FM) (AFG-2100 Series) An FM waveform is produced from a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform. The instantaneous frequency of the carrier waveform varies with the magnitude of the modulating waveform. FM modulation is only applicable to the AFG-2105, AFG-2112 and the AFG-2125. Modulating waveform Modulated Carrier Waveform Selecting FM Modulation Panel Operation 1. Press the FM key. FM 2. The modulation, sweep and counter menu display will appear.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Example: FM activated Note FM modulation can be deactivated by pressing the FM key again. FM Carrier Waveform Background Selecting the Carrier Shape Range The FUNC key selects the FM carrier waveform. Sine, square or ramp waveforms can be used as the carrier. The default waveform is set to sine. Noise is not available as a carrier shape. Before the carrier shape can be selected, ensure FM is active, page 51. 1.
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OPERATION 2. The FREQ icon will flash in the frequency display area. 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the frequency. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new frequency. Range → 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Sine 0.1Hz ~ 25MHz* Square 0.1Hz ~ 25MHz* Ramp 0.1Hz ~ 1MHz Enter Hz/Vpp → kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm / *limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for the AFG-2112. Example: FREQ = 1kHz Setting the Carrier Amplitude Panel Operation 1. Press AMPL key. AMPL 2.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the amplitude. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new amplitude. Range → 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Enter Hz/Vpp → kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm / No Load 2mVpp~20Vpp 2mVpp~10Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz 50Ω load 1mVpp~10Vpp 1mVpp~5Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz Example: AMPL= 1Vpp Setting the Modulating Wave Shape The AFG-2100 has sine, square and ramp modulating waveform shapes.
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OPERATION 2. The waveform Shape is displayed in blue at the bottom of the panel. Restrictions Square 50% duty cycle Ramp 50% symmetry Example: Shape = Sine Setting the Modulation Frequency (Rate) Panel Operation 1. Press the Shift + Rate key. Rate Shift + FSK 2. The Rate icon will flash in the frequency display area. 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the rate. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new rate.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Range (Internal source) 2mHz ~ 20kHz Default 100Hz Example: Rate= 100Hz Frequency Deviation The frequency deviation is the peak frequency deviation from the carrier wave and the modulated wave. Panel Operation 1. Press the Shift + DEP/DEV key. DEP/DEV Shift + FM 2. The DEV icon will flash in the frequency display area. 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the frequency deviation.
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OPERATION Square DC ~ 25MHz* Ramp DC ~ 1MHz Default 10Hz *limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for the AFG-2112. Note The frequency deviation must be equal to or less than the carrier frequency. The sum of the carrier frequency and frequency deviation must be less than or equal to the maximum carrier. The maximum frequency deviation allowed will be limited by the set carrier frequency. Example: DEV = 10Hz Setting the Modulation Source Panel Operation 1.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Connection (EXT source only) Note For external sources, connect the modulation source signal to the MOD input port on the rear panel. OUTPUT INPUT MOD Counter Trigger MOD When the source is set to EXT (external) the carrier waveform is modulated by an external signal. The frequency deviation is controlled by the ±5V signal that is input into the MOD input port. The ±5V input signal directly corresponds to the set frequency deviation.
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OPERATION Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation (AFG-2100 Series) Frequency Shift Keying Modulation is used to shift the frequency output of the function generator between two preset frequencies (carrier frequency, hop frequency). The frequency at which the carrier and hop frequency shift is determined by the rate setting or the voltage level from the Trigger input port on the rear panel. FSK modulation is only applicable to the AFG-2105, AFG-2112 and the AFG-2125.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Example: FSK activated Note FSK modulation can be deactivated by pressing the FSK key again. FSK Carrier Waveform Background Selecting the Carrier Range The FUNC key selects the FSK carrier waveform. Sine, square or ramp waveforms can be used as the carrier. The default waveform is set to sine. Noise and ARB cannot be used as a carrier wave. 1. Press the FUNC key repeatedly to select a carrier waveform (Sine, Square, Ramp).
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OPERATION 2. The FREQ icon will flash in the frequency display area. 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the frequency. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new frequency. Range → 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Sine 0.1Hz ~ 25MHz* Square 0.1Hz ~ 25MHz* Ramp 0.1Hz ~ 1MHz Enter Hz/Vpp → kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm / *limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for the AFG-2112. Example: FREQ = 1kHz Setting the Carrier Amplitude Panel Operation 1. Press AMPL key.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 2. The AMPL icon will flash in the secondary display area. 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the amplitude. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new amplitude.
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OPERATION Panel Operation 1. Press the Shift + Hop key. Hop Shift + MHz/dBm 2. The Hop icon will flash in the frequency display area. 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the hop frequency. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a hop frequency. Range → 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Enter Hz/Vpp → / Sine 0.1Hz ~ 25MHz* Square 0.1Hz~ 25MHz* Ramp 0.1Hz~ 1MHz Default 100Hz kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm *limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for the AFG-2112.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual FSK Rate FSK Rate function is used to determine the rate at which the output frequency changes between the carrier and hop frequencies. The FSK Rate function only applies to internal FSK sources. Panel Operation 1. Press the Shift + Rate key. Rate Shift + FSK 2. The Rate icon will flash in the frequency display area. 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the rate. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new rate.
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OPERATION Setting the FSK Source The AFG-2000 accepts internal and external FSK sources, with internal as the default source. When the FSK source is set to internal, the FSK rate is configured using the FSK Rate function. When an external source is selected the FSK rate is equal to the frequency of the Trigger input signal on the rear panel. When the input signal is logically low the carrier frequency is output and when the signal is logically high, the hop frequency is output. Panel Operation 1.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Example: External trigger input signal FSK output Trigger input signal 66 0V
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OPERATION Frequency Sweep (AFG-2100 Series) The function generator can perform a sweep for sine, square or ramp waveforms, but not noise, and ARB. In Sweep mode, the function generator will sweep from a start frequency to a stop frequency over a number of designated steps. If an external source is selected, the function generator can be used to output a single sweep each time a TTL level pulse is received from the Trigger input port. The step spacing of the sweep can be linear or logarithmic.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Example: Sweep activated Note Sweep modulation can be deactivated by pressing the Sweep key again. Setting Start and Stop Frequency The start and stop frequencies define the upper and lower sweep limits. The function generator will sweep from the start through to the stop frequency and cycle back to the start frequency. The sweep is phase continuous over the full sweep range. Panel Operation 1.
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OPERATION Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new start frequency. Range 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Hz/Vpp → / Sine 0.1Hz ~ 25MHz* Square 0.1Hz ~ 25MHz* Ramp 0.1Hz ~ 1MHz Default Start: 100Hz, Stop: 1kHz kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm *limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for the AFG-2112. 4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 for the Stop frequency. Note To sweep from a low to high frequency, set the Start frequency < Stop frequency.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Sweep Mode Sweep mode is used to select between linear or logarithmic sweeping. Linear sweeping is the default setting. Panel Operation 1. Press the Shift + LIN/LOG key to select linear (LINS) or logarithmic (LOGS) sweeps. LIN/LOG Shift % + → 2. The LINS or LOGS icon will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. Example: Sweep = LINS Sweep Rate The sweep rate is used to determine how long it takes to perform a sweep from the start to stop frequencies.
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OPERATION 3. Use the arrow keys, scroll wheel and Enter key to edit the rate. Use the keypad and the relevant unit key to enter a new rate. Range → 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Enter Hz/Vpp → kHz/Vrms / Sweep Rate 1kHz ~ 2mHz (1ms ~ 500s) Default 100Hz Example: Rate= 100Hz Setting the Sweep Source (Trigger) With the source set to EXT, the function generator will sweep each time a trigger signal is received.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 2. The Trigger source will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. Range Source INT, EXT Connection (EXT source only) For external sources, connect the Sweep trigger signal to the Trigger input port on the rear panel. OUTPUT INPUT MOD Counter Trigger MOD Example: Source = EXT Note With an external source, a sweep is output each time a trigger pulse (TTL) is received from the Trigger input port on the rear panel.
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OPERATION Creating an Arbitrary Waveform Both the AFG-2000 and AFG-2100 has a simple arbitrary waveform editing function. The ARB function is able to create waveforms with a 20MHz sampling rate, 4k data points with vertical range of ±511points. Selecting the Carrier Shape 1. Press the FUNC key repeatedly to select the ARB function. FUNC 2. Press the Point key. → Point 3. Point will flash in the secondary display area. 4. Use the scroll wheel or keypad to choose a point number.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 7. Use the scroll wheel or keypad to choose the vertical value of the selected point. Use the Enter key to confirm the point value. Range Value: or 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 / Enter ±511 (10-bit vertical resolution) 8. Repeat steps 2 to 7 for the remaining points of the ARB waveform. Note The horizontal position of the points depends on the set frequency. For example, if the set frequency is 1kHz (period = 1ms), then each point will be located every 0.
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OPERATION Using the Frequency Counter Selecting the Frequency Counter Function Connection Panel Operation Connect the signal source to Counter input port on the rear panel. 1. Press the Count key. OUTPUT INPUT MOD Counter Trigger MOD Gate Count 2. The current gate time and the Count icon will appear in the display when the counter function is active. The input frequency will be shown in the frequency display area. Example: input frequency of 1kHz Selecting the Gate Time Panel Operation 1.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 2. Press the Shift + Gate key repeatedly to select the desired gate time. Range Gate time Gate Shift + Count 0.01s, 0.1s, 1s, 10s 3. The current gate time is displayed in the counter settings area of the display.
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OPERATION Using the SYNC Output Port Connecting the SYNC Output Port Background The SYNC output port is used as a synchronization signal for function outputs. All the output signals apart from the noise output function have a synchronization signal. Connection Connect a BNC cable from the SYNC output port on the front panel to the desired input device. Note OUTPUT SYNC 50W The SYNC signal is output even when the main output is not output.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual SYNC Output For SYNC output: TTL square waveform with a duty Square Wave cycle corresponding to the duty cycle of the output square wave. The SYNC output is at a logically high level when the square wave output is positive. Output diagram Square wave output SYNC output 0V 0V SYNC Output For SYNC output: TTL square waveform with a 50% Ramp Wave duty cycle. The SYNC output is at a logically high level when the sine output is positive.
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OPERATION SYNC Output For SYNC output: TTL square waveform with a 50% AM duty cycle. The SYNC output is at a logically high level when the modulated output is positive. Output diagram AM output SYNC output 0V 0V SYNC Output For SYNC output: TTL square waveform with a 50% FM duty cycle. The SYNC output is at a logically high level when the modulated output is positive (The SYNC output is synchronized to the modulated output frequency).
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual SYNC Output For SYNC output: TTL square waveform with a 50% FSK duty cycle. The SYNC output is at a logically high level when the modulated output is positive (The SYNC output is synchronized to the modulated output frequency). Output diagram FSK output SYNC output 0V 0V SYNC Output For SYNC output: TTL square waveform. The SYNC Sweep output is at a logically high level when the sweep output is positive (The SYNC output is synchronized to the sweep output frequency).
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OPERATION Save and Recall State/ARB Waveform The AFG-2000 has non-volatile memory to store instrument state and ARB data. There are 10 memory locations numbered 0~19. Memory locations 0~9 saves/recalls the instrument state, memory locations 10~19 saves/recalls ARB data. The instrument saves the following states: the selected function (including ARB), frequency, amplitude, DC offset, duty cycle/symmetry, and any of the modulation parameters. Panel Operation 1.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Note The instrument state can be saved to any 10 (0~9) of the storage locations. ARB data can be saved to any 10 (10~19) instrument locations. When a state is saved, it overwrites the previously saved state in the same location. If ARB data is recalled, the current state will be overwritten. A memory location can only be recalled if it has been previously saved.
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REMOTE INTERFACE REMOTE INTERFACE Selecting the USB Remote Interface .................................. 85 Remote control terminal connection ................................... 85 Command Syntax ............................................................... 86 Command List ................................................................... 92 System Commands ............................................................ 94 *IDN? .............................................................................
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual FM Overview ...................................................................... 114 SOURce[1]:FM:STATe ........................................................ 114 SOURce[1]:FM:SOURce ..................................................... 115 SOURce[1]:FM:INTernal:FUNCtion .................................. 116 SOURce[1]:FM:INTernal:FREQuency ................................ 116 SOURce[1]:FM:DEViation ..................................................
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REMOTE INTERFACE Selecting the USB Remote Interface The AFG-2000 uses a USB interface for remote control. Connecting to USB USB configuration Panel Operation PC side connector Type A, host AFG-2000 side connector Type B, slave Speed 1.1/2.0 (full speed) 1. Connect the Type B USB—USB-A cable from the PC to the type B USB port on the rear panel. 2. When the PC asks for the USB driver, select XXXXXXX.inf included in the software package or download the driver from the GW website, www.gwinstek.com. 3.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Functionality check Run this query command via the terminal. *idn? This should return the Manufacturer, Model number, Serial number, and Firmware version in the following format. GW INSTEK, AFG-2125, SN:XXXXXXXX,Vm.mm Note PC Software ^j and ^m can be used as the terminal character when using a terminal program. The proprietary PC software, downloadable from GWInstek website, can be used to download waveforms. Command Syntax Compatible standard  IEEE488.
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REMOTE INTERFACE SOURce[1|2] :OUTPut :APPLy :SINusoid Command types Root node :SQUare 2nd node 3rd node Commands can be separated into three distinct types, simple commands, compound commands and queries. Simple A single command with/without a parameter Example *OPC Compound Two or more commands separated by a colon (:) with/without a parameter Example SOURce:APPLy:SQUare Query A query is a simple or compound command followed by a question mark (?). A parameter (data) is returned.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Command forms Commands and queries have two different forms, long and short. The command syntax is written with the short form of the command in capitals and the remainder (long form) in lower case. long long SOURce1:DCOffset short short The commands can be written in capitals or lowercase, just so long as the short or long forms are complete. An incomplete command will not be recognized.
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REMOTE INTERFACE SOURce1:FREQuency? MINimum SOURce1:FREQuency? Braces { } Commands that contain braces indicate one item within the braces must be chosen. Braces are not sent with the command. Angled Brackets <> Angle brackets are used to indicate that a value must be specified for the parameter. See the parameter description below for details. Angled brackets are not sent with the command. Bars | Bars are used to separate multiple parameter choices in the command format.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual NRf+ type VPP, dBm, including voltage Vrms unit suffixs. NRf+ type V including voltage unit suffixes. NRf+ type including time unit suffixes. nS, uS, mS, S NRf type N/A Message terminators Note Command Separators LF CR line feed code (new line) and carriage return. LF line feed code (new line) ^j or ^m should be used when using a terminal program.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Comma (,) When a command uses multiple parameters, a comma is used to separate the parameters. For example: SOURce:APPLy:SQUare 10KHZ,2.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Command List System Commands ............................................................ 94 *IDN? ................................................................................... 94 *RST ..................................................................................... 94 Status Register Commands ................................................ 95 *CLS ..................................................................................... 95 Apply Commands ...............
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REMOTE INTERFACE Frequency Sweep Commands .......................................... 123 Sweep Overview ................................................................. 123 SOURce[1]:SWEep:STATe .................................................. 124 SOURce[1]:FREQuency:STARt ........................................... 124 SOURce[1]:FREQuency:STOP ............................................ 125 SOURce[1]:SWEep:SPACing............................................... 126 SOURce[1]:SWEep:RATE ................
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual System Commands *IDN? Description Query Returns the function generator manufacturer, model number, serial number and firmware version number in the following format: GW INSTEK,AFG-2025,SN:XXXXXXXX,Vm.mm Query Syntax IDN? Return parameter Query Example *IDN? >GW INSTEK,AFG-2025,SN:XXXXXXXX,Vm.mm Returns the identification of the function generator. *RST Description Note Syntax 94 Set Reset the function generator to its factory default state.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Status Register Commands *CLS Set Description The *CLS command clears all the event registers, the error queue and cancels an *OPC command.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Apply Commands The APPLy command has 5 different types of outputs (Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise, User(ARB)). The Apply command is the quickest, easiest way to output waveforms remotely. Frequency, amplitude and offset can be specified for each function. As only basic parameters can be set with the Apply command, other parameters, such as duty and symmetry use the instrument default values.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Square 0.1Hz 25MHz* Ramp 0.1Hz 1MHz Noise Not applicable Not applicable User (ARB) 0.1Hz 20MHz *The AFG-2005/2105 is limited to 5MHz, the AFG2012/2112 is limited to 12MHz. Output Amplitude When setting the amplitude, MINimum, MAXimum and DEFault can be used instead of specifying an amplitude. The range depends on the function being used. The default amplitude for all functions is 100 mVpp (into 50Ω).
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual This means that the magnitude of the DC offset is determined by the output amplitude. If the specified DC offset is out of range, the maximum/minimum offset will be set instead. A ―-222‖ error will be generated from the remote terminal. SOURce[1]:APPLy:SINusoid Set Description Outputs a sine wave when the command has executed. Frequency, amplitude and offset can also be set.
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REMOTE INTERFACE -5V ~ +5V (50Ω) *AFG-2005/2105 limited to 5MHz, AFG-2012/2112 limited to 12MHz. Example SOURce1:APPL:SQU MAX, DEF, DEF Outputs a 100mVpp (DEF) square wave at 25MHz with 0 offset (DEF). SOURce[1]:APPLy:RAMP Set Description Outputs a ramp wave when the command has executed. Frequency, amplitude and offset can also be set. The symmetry is fixed to 100%. Syntax SOURce[1]:APPLy:RAMP [ [, [,] ]] Parameter 0.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual -5V ~ +5V (50Ω) *AFG-2005/2105 limited to 5MHz, AFG-2012/2112 limited to 12MHz. Example SOURce1:APPL:NOIS DEF, 5.0, 2.0 Sets the amplitude to 5 volts with an offset of 2 volts. SOURce[1]:APPLy:USER Description Note Set Outputs an arbitrary waveform that is specified from the FUNC:USER command. Frequency and amplitude values are not used with this function; however a value (or DEFault) must be specified. The values are remembered for the next function used.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Return Parameter Query Example Function(), frequency(), amplitude(),offset() SOUR1:APPL? >SIN +5.0000000000000E+03,+3.0000E+00,-2.50E+00 Returns a string with the current function and parameters, Sine, 5kHz, 3Vpp, -2.5V offset.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Output Commands Unlike the Apply commands, the Output commands are low level commands to program the function generator. This section describes the low-level commands used to program the function generator. Even though the APPLy command is the easiest way to program the function generator, it lacks the ability to change individual parameters.
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REMOTE INTERFACE FSK  SWEEP          Syntax SOURce[1]:FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP |NOISe |USER} Example SOUR1:FUNC SIN Sets the output as a sine function. Query Syntax SOURce[1]:FUNCtion? Return Parameter SIN, SQU, RAMP, NOIS, USER Query Example Returns the current output type. SOUR1:FUNC? >SIN Current output is sine. Set SOURce[1]:FREQuency Description Note Query Sets the output frequency for the SOURce[1]:FUNCtion command.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual If the function mode is changed and the current frequency setting is not supported by the new mode, the frequency setting will be altered to the next highest value.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Set SOURce[1]:AMPLitude Description Note Query Sets the output amplitude for the SOURce[1]:FUNCtion command. The query command returns the current amplitude settings. The maximum and minimum amplitude depends on the output termination. The default amplitude for all functions is 100 mVpp (50Ω). The offset and amplitude are related by the following equation. |Voffset| < Vmax – Vpp/2 The output amplitude can be affected by the function and unit chosen.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual The maximum amplitude that can be set for the current function is 5 volts. Set SOURce[1]:DCOffset Description Note Query Sets or queries the DC offset for the current mode. The offset parameter can be set to MINimum or MAXimum. The default offset is 0 volts. The offset is limited by the output amplitude as shown below. |Voffset| < Vmax – Vpp/2 If the output specified is out of range, the maximum offset will be set. The maximum offset is ±5V into 50Ω).
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REMOTE INTERFACE 1% to 99% (frequency < 100KHz) 20% to 80% (100KHz < frequency < 5 MHz) 40% to 60% (5 MHz < frequency < 10 MHz) 50% (frequency > 10 MHz If the frequency is changed and the set duty cycle cannot support the new frequency, the highest duty cycle available at that frequency will be used. A ―-221‖ error will be generated from the remote terminal. For square waveforms, the Apply command and AM/FM modulation modes ignore the duty cycle settings.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual 0% Note 50% 100% For ramp waveforms, the Apply command and AM/FM modulation modes ignore the current symmetry settings. Syntax SOURce[1]:RAMP:SYMMetry {< percent> |MINimum|MAXimum} Example SOUR[1]:RAMP:SYMM MAX Sets the symmetry to the 100%. Query Syntax SOURce[1]:RAMP:SYMMetry? {MINimum|MAXimum} Return Parameter Query Example Returns the symmetry as a percentage. SOUR1:RAMP:SYMMetry? >+1.0000E+02 The symmetry is set as 100%.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Set SOURce[1]:VOLTage:UNIT Description Note Query Sets or queries the output amplitude units. There are three types of units: VPP, VRMS and DBM. The SOURce[1]:VOLTage:UNIT command does not set the offset units. The units set with the VOLTage:UNIT command will be used as the default unit for all amplitude units unless a different unit is specifically used for a command, such as those used with the Apply commands.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Amplitude Modulation (AM) Commands AM Overview To successfully create an AM waveform, the following commands must be executed in order. Enable AM Modulation Configure Carrier 1. Turn on AM modulation using the SOURce[1]:AM:STAT ON command 2. Use the APPLy command to select a carrier waveform. Alternatively the equivalent FUNC, FREQ, AMPL, and DCO commands can be used to create a carrier waveform with a designated frequency, amplitude and offset.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Set SOURce[1]:AM:STATe Description Note Query Sets or disables AM modulation. By default AM modulation is disabled. AM modulation must be enabled before setting other parameters. As only one mode is allowed at any one time, other modulation modes (inc. Sweep/FSK) will be disabled when AM modulation is enabled. Syntax SOURce[1]:AM:STATe {OFF|ON} Example SOUR1:AM:STAT ON Enables AM modulation.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Query Syntax SOURce[1]:AM:SOURce? Return Parameter INT Internal EXT External Query Example SOUR1:AM:SOUR? >INT The modulation source is set to internal. Set SOURce[1]:AM:INTernal:FUNCtion Description Note Query Sets the shape of the modulating waveform from sine, square or ramp. The default shape is sine. Square waveforms have a 50% duty cycle. Ramp waveforms have a symmetry of 100%.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Parameter 2 mHz~ 20 kHz Example SOUR1:AM:INT:FREQ +1.0000E+02 Sets the modulating frequency to 100Hz. Query Syntax SOURce[1]:AM:INTernal:FREQuency? [MINimum|MAXimum] Return Parameter Query Example Returns the frequency in Hz. SOUR1:AM:INT:FREQ? MIN >+1.0000E+02 Returns the minimum frequency allowed. Set SOURce[1]:AM:DEPTh Description Note Query Sets or queries the modulation depth for internal sources only. The default is 100%.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Frequency Modulation (FM) Commands FM Overview The following is an overview of the steps required to generate an FM waveform. Enable FM Modulation Configure Carrier 1. Turn on FM modulation using the SOURce[1]: FM:STAT ON command. 2. Use the APPLy command to select a carrier waveform. Alternatively, the FUNC, FREQ, AMPL, and DCO commands can be used to create a carrier waveform with a designated frequency, amplitude and offset. Select Modulation Source 3.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Note As only one mode is allowed at any one time, other modes (AM, FSK, Sweep etc.) will be disabled when FM modulation is enabled. Syntax SOUR[1]:FM:STATe {OFF|ON} Example SOUR1:FM:STAT ON Enables FM modulation. Query Syntax SOURce[1]:FM:STATe? Return Parameter 0 1 Query Example Disabled (OFF) Enabled (ON) SOUR1:FM:STAT? >1 FM modulation mode is currently enabled. Set SOURce[1]:FM:SOURce Description Note Query Sets or queries the modulation source as internal or external.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual The modulation source is set to internal. Set SOURce[1]:FM:INTernal:FUNCtion Description Note Query Sets the shape of the modulating waveform from sine, square or ramp. The default shape is sine. Square waveforms have a 50% duty cycle. Ramp waveforms have a symmetry of 100%. Syntax SOURce[1]:FM:INTernal:FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP } Example SOUR1:FM:INT:FUNC SIN Sets the FM modulating wave shape to sine.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Return Parameter Query Example Returns the frequency in Hz. SOUR1:FM:INT:FREQ? MAX >+2.0000E+04 Returns the maximum frequency allowed. Set SOURce[1]:FM:DEViation Description Query Sets or queries the peak frequency deviation of the modulating waveform from the carrier waveform. The default peak deviation is 100Hz. The frequency deviation of external sources is controlled using the ±5V MOD INPUT terminal on the rear panel.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Syntax SOURce[1]:FM:DEViation {|MINimum|MAXimum} Parameter DC ~ 25MHz* DC~1MHz (Ramp) *Limited to 12MHz for AFG-2112, 5MHz for AFG-2105. Example SOUR1:FM:DEV MAX Sets the frequency deviation to the maximum value allowed. Query Syntax SOURce[1]:FM:DEViation? [MINimum|MAXimum] Return Parameter Query Example Returns the frequency deviation in Hz. SOURce1:FM:DEViation? MAX >+1.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) Commands FSK Overview The following is an overview of the steps required to generate an FSK modulated waveform. Enable FSK Modulation 1. Turn on FSK modulation using the SOURce[1]: FSK:STAT ON command. Configure Carrier 2. Use the APPLy command to select a carrier waveform. Alternatively, the FUNC, FREQ, AMPL, and DCO commands can be used to create a carrier waveform with a designated frequency, amplitude and offset.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Example SOUR1:FSK:STAT ON Enables FSK modulation. Query Syntax SOURce[1]:FSKey:STATe? Return Parameter 0 1 Query Example Disabled (OFF) Enabled (ON) SOUR1:FSK:STAT? >1 FSK modulation is currently enabled. Set SOURce[1]:FSKey:SOURce Description Note Query Sets or queries the FSK source as internal or external. Internal is the default source. If an external FSK source is selected, FSK rate is controlled by the Trigger input port on the rear panel.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Note For FSK, the modulating waveform is a square wave with a duty cycle of 50%. Syntax SOURce[1]:FSKey:FREQuency {|MINimum|MAXimum} Parameter 0.1Hz~ 25MHz* 0.1Hz~ 1MHz (Ramp) *AFG-2112 limited to 12MHz, AFG-2105 limited to 5MHz. Example SOUR1:FSK:FREQ +1.0000E+02 Sets the FSK hop frequency to 100Hz. Query Syntax SOURce[1]:FSKey:FREQuency? [MINimum|MAXimum] Return Parameter Query Example Returns the frequency in Hz. SOUR1:FSK:FREQ? MAX >+2.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Query example SOUR1:FSK:INT:RATE? >+1.0000E+05 Returns the FSK rate (100kHz).
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REMOTE INTERFACE Frequency Sweep Commands Sweep Overview Below shows the order in which commands must be executed to perform a sweep. Enable Sweep Mode 1. Turn on Sweep mode using the SOURce[1]: SWE:STAT ON command. Select waveform shape, amplitude and offset 2. Use the APPLy command to select the waveform shape. Alternatively, the FUNC, FREQ, AMPL, and DCO commands can be used to create a waveform (sine, square, ramp) with a designated frequency, amplitude and offset. Select Sweep Boundaries 3.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Set SOURce[1]:SWEep:STATe Description Note Query Sets or disables Sweep mode. By default sweep is disabled. Sweep must be enabled before setting other parameters. Any modes will be disabled if sweep mode is enabled. Syntax SOURce[1]:SWEep:STATe {OFF|ON} Example SOUR1:SWE:STAT ON Enables sweep mode. Query Syntax SOURce[1]:SWEep:STATe? Return Parameter 0 1 Query Example Disabled (OFF) Enabled (ON) SOUR1:SWE:STAT? >1 Sweep mode is currently enabled.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Example SOUR1:FREQ:STAR +2.0000E+03 Sets the start frequency to 2kHz. Query Syntax SOURce[1]:FREQuency:STARt? [MINimum| MAXimum] Return Parameter Query Example Returns the start frequency in Hz. SOUR1:FREQ:STAR? MAX >+2.0000E+07 Returns the maximum start frequency allowed. Set SOURce[1]:FREQuency:STOP Description Note Query Sets the stop frequency of the sweep. 1 kHz is the default start frequency. To sweep up set the stop frequency higher than the start frequency.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Set SOURce[1]:SWEep:SPACing Query Description Sets linear or logarithmic sweep spacing. The default spacing is linear. Syntax SOURce[1]:SWEep:SPACing {LINear|LOGarithmic} Example SOUR1:SWE:SPAC LIN Sets the spacing to linear. Query Syntax SOURce[1]:SWEep:SPACing? Return Parameter LIN LOG Query Example Linear spacing Logarithmic spacing SOUR1:SWE:SPAC? >LIN The spacing is currently set as linear.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Query Example SOUR1:SWE:RATE? >+2.0000000E+01 Returns the sweep rate (20 Hz). Set SOURce[1]:SWEep:SOURce Description Note Query Sets or queries the trigger source as immediate (internal) or external. Immediate (internal) is the default trigger source. IMMediate will constantly output a swept waveform. EXTernal will output a swept waveform after each external trigger pulse (TTL positive edge). If EXTernal is selected, the trigger period must be greater than the sweep time + 125nS.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Frequency Counter Commands Set COUNter:GATe Description Note Query Sets or queries the gate time for the frequency counter function. The counter function is only applicable for the AFG-21XX models. Syntax COUNter:GATe Parameter Example COUN:GAT 10S 0.01S, 0.1S, 1S, 10S Sets the gate time to 10 seconds. Query Syntax COUNter:GATe? Return Parameter Query Example Returns the gate time in seconds. COUN:GAT? >1.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Return Parameter 0 Counter function is off. 1 Counter function is on. Query Example COUN:STAT? >1 Counter is on. COUNter:VALue? Description Note Syntax Queries the counter frequency. The counter function is only applicable for the AFG-21XX models. COUNter:VALue? Return Parameter Example Query Returns the counter frequency. COUN:VAL? >1.000E+03 The counter frequency is 1kHz.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Arbitrary Waveform Commands Arbitrary Waveform Overview Use the steps below to output an arbitrary waveform over the remote interface. Output Arbitrary Waveform 1. Use the SOURce[1]:FUNCtion USER command to output the arbitrary waveform currently selected in memory. Select Waveform Frequency, amplitude and offset 2. Use the APPLy command to select frequency, amplitude and DC offset. Alternatively, the FUNC, FREQ, AMPL, and DCO commands can be used. Load Waveform Data 3.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Set SOURce[1]:FUNCtion USER Query Description Use the SOURce[1]:FUNCtion USER command to output the arbitrary waveform currently selected in memory. The waveform is output with the current frequency, amplitude and offset settings. The query returns the current output. Syntax SOURce[1]:FUNCtion USER Example SOUR1:FUNC USER Selects and outputs the current waveform in memory.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual waveform. For instance, for a waveform with an amplitude of 5Vpp (0 offset), the value 511 is the equivalent of 2.5 Volts and -511 is the equivalent of -2.5V. If the integer values do not span the full output range, the peak amplitude will be limited. The IEEE-488.2 binary block format is comprised of three parts: a. Initialization character (#) #216 ab c b. c. Digit length (in ASCII) of the number of bytes Number of bytes IEEE 488.
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REMOTE INTERFACE Save and Recall Commands Up to 10 different instrument states can be stored to non-volatile memory (# 0~9) and up to 10 different ARB waveforms can be saved to memory locations 10~19. *SAV Description Note Set Saves the current instrument state to a specified save location or an ARB waveform to the specified location. When a state is saved, all the current instrument settings, functions, modulation parameters and waveforms are also saved.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Example *RCL 0 Recall the instrument state from memory location 0 (assuming location 0 has been previously saved).
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APPENDIX APPENDIX Error Messages The AFG-2000 has a number of specific error codes. If a setting error occurs whilst using the function generator, an error message will be momentarily displayed on the screen. Interface Error Messages Error code Description E01 Frequency forced duty cycle change.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual E15 ARB frequency over range E16 ARB frequency over resolution E17 ARB rate over range E18 ARB rate over resolution E19 ARB point over range E20 ARB point over resolution E21 ARB value over range E22 ARB value over resolution E23 Mod rate over range E24 Mod rate over resolution E25 Mod sym over range E26 Mod sym over resolution E27 AM depth over range E28 AM depth over resolution E29 FM deviation over range E30 FM deviation over resolution E31 FSK
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APPENDIX AFG-2000 Series Specifications The specifications apply when the function generator is powered on for at least 30 minutes under +20°C~+30°C.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Offset Range Waveform Output Accuracy Impedance Attenuator Protection SYNC Output Level Impedance Fan Out Rise of Fall Time Sine wave Characteristics Harmonic distortion Square wave Characteristics Rise/Fall Time Overshoot Asymmetry Variable duty Cycle Ramp Characteristics Linearity Variable Symmetry 138 ±5 Vpk ac +dc (into 50Ω) ±10Vpk ac +dc (Open circuit) ±2.5 Vpk ac +dc (into 50Ω) for 20MHz25MHz ±5Vpk ac +dc (Open circuit) for 20MHz25MHz 2% of setting + 5 mV+ 0.
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APPENDIX AM Modulation Carrier Waveforms — Modulating Waveforms Modulating Frequency — Depth Source — — Carrier Waveforms — Modulating Waveforms Modulating Frequency — Peak Deviation — Source — Waveforms — Type — Start/Stop Freq — Sweep Time Source — — Carrier Waveforms — Modulating Waveforms Modulation Rate — Frequency Range — Source — — Sine, Square, Triangle Sine, Square, Triangle 2mHz to 20kHz (Int) DC to 20kHz (Ext) 0% to 120.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual Frequency Counter Range Accuracy Time Base Resolution Input Impedance Sensitivity Save/Recall Interface Display General Specifications Power Source Power Consumption Operating Environment Operating Altitude Storage Temperature Dimensions (WxHxD) Weight Accessories 140 — — 5Hz to 150MHz Time Base accuracy±1count — ±20ppm (23˚C ±5˚C) after 30 minutes warm up — The maximum resolution is: 100nHz for 1Hz, 0.1Hz for 100MHz.
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APPENDIX EC Declaration of Conformity We GOOD WILL INSTRUMENT CO., LTD. No.7-1, Jhongsing Rd., Tucheng Dist., New Taipei City 236, Taiwan GOOD WILL INSTRUMENT (SUZHOU) CO., LTD. No.
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AFG-2000 Series User Manual INDEX Caution symbol ........................... 3 Cleaning the instrument ............. 5 Declaration of conformity ...... 141 Default settings .......................... 32 Digital inputs ............................. 19 Display diagram ......................................... 15 Disposal symbol ............................................. 4 Disposal instructions................... 6 EN61010 measurement category .................. 4 pollution degree .......................
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INDEX Quick reference .......................... 18 Rear panel diagram ................... 14 Remote Commands AM Commands ..........................110 Apply Commands ........................96 ARB Commands .........................130 FM Commands ...........................114 Frequency Counter Commands 128 FSK Commands ..........................119 Output Commands ....................102 Save/Recall Commands ............133 Status Register Commands .........95 Sweep Commands ......................