User Manual Owner's manual

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Digital Multimeter

GDM-8200A Series

USER MANUAL

GW INSTEK PART NO. 82DM-8255AE E1

ISO-9001 CERTIFIED MANUFACTURER

Summary of content (123 pages)

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Digital Multimeter GDM-8200A Series USER MANUAL GW INSTEK PART NO.
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March 2013 This manual contains proprietary information, which is protected by copyrights. All rights are reserved. No part of this manual may be photocopied, reproduced or translated to another language without prior written consent of Good Will company. The information in this manual was correct at the time of printing. However, Good Will continues to improve products and reserves the right to change specifications, equipment, and maintenance procedures at any time without notice.
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Table of Contents Table of Contents SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS .................................................... 5 Safety Symbols .................................................... 5 Safety Guidelines ................................................ 6 GETTING STARTED ............................................................ 9 GDM-8200A Series Lineup ................................ 10 GDM-8200A Series Characteristics ................... 11 Front Panel Overview ........................................
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Digital Filter Setting .......................................... 62 Display Setting .................................................. 64 STORE/RECALL ............................................................... 66 Store Measurement Record ............................... 67 Recall Measurement Record .............................. 68 Save Instrument Settings .................................. 69 Recall Instrument Settings ................................
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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS This chapter contains important safety instructions that you must follow when operating the GDM-8200A series and when keeping them in storage. Read the following before any operation to insure your safety and to keep the best condition for the GDM-8200A series. Safety Symbols These safety symbols may appear in this manual or on the GDM-8200A series. Warning: Identifies conditions or practices that could WARNING result in injury or loss of life.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Safety Guidelines General Guideline  CAUTION         Make sure that the voltage input level does not exceed DC1000V/AC750V. Make sure the current input level does not exceed 10A. Do not place any heavy object on the GDM-8200A series. Avoid severe impacts or rough handling that leads to damaging the GDM-8200A series. Do not discharge static electricity to the GDM-8200A series. Use only mating connectors, not bare wires, for the terminals.
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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS Fuse   WARNING    Cleaning the GDM-8200A series    Operation Environment     Fuse type: T3.15A/ 250V Make sure the correct type of fuse is installed before power up. To ensure fire protection, replace the fuse only with the specified type and rating. Disconnect the power cord before fuse replacement. Make sure the cause of fuse blowout is fixed before fuse replacement. Disconnect the power cord before cleaning.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Power cord for the United Kingdom When using the GDM-8200A series in the United Kingdom, make sure the power cord meets the following safety instructions.
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GETTING STARTED GETTING STARTED This chapter describes the GDM-8200A series in a nutshell, including its main features, package contents, and front / rear / display panel introduction. After going through the overview, follow the Power-up sequence and Functionality check section to properly setup the GDM-8200A series. Please note the information in this manual was correct at the time of printing. However as GWInstek continues to improve its products, changes can occur at any time without notice.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual GDM-8200A Series Lineup The GDM-8200A series consists of two models: GDM-8251A and GDM-8255A. Appearance Both two models are identical except for the model name and the meter count of the 1st display.
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GETTING STARTED GDM-8200A Series Characteristics The GDM-8200A series are portable, dual-display digital multimeters suitable for wide range of applications, such as production testing, research, and field verification. Performance     Features      Interface 120000 meter count (GDM-8251A) 199999 meter count (GDM-8255A) Multi functions: ACV, DCV, ACI, DCI, 2W/4W R, Hz, Continuity, Diode test, MAX/MIN, REL, dBm, HOLD, AutoHold, Compare.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Front Panel Overview Main Display Measurement keys Fuse 4W Ohm Terminal Main Terminal COM Terminal DCI/ACI Terminal Power Switch Power Switch Main Display Output On/ Off key Turns On or Off the main power. For power up sequence, see page20. Shows measurement results and parameters. For display configuration details, see page64 (light setting). Input fuse / 4W Ω sense LO terminal As a fuse, protects the instrument from over-current. Rating: T2A, 250V.
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GETTING STARTED COM Terminal Accepts ground (COM) line in all measurements except the sense line in 4W Resistance (page30). Voltage/ 2W Ω / (Diode) Terminal Accepts input in all measurements except for DC/AC Current and 4W Resistance sense line. Current Terminal Accepts DC/AC Current input. For DCI/ACI details, see page28. Output On/Off key Turns the display on or off. When the display is turned off, all panel keys except the Output On/Off key become disabled. The Output On/Off key is On by default.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual SHIFT → DCV (STEP) Starts the step measurement (page80) using the optional scanner. ACV + DCV When the ACV key and the DCV key are pressed together, they measure AC+DC Voltage (page24). ACI Measures AC Current (page28). SHIFT → ACI (RECALL) Recalls a normal measurement result (page68) or a scan measurement result (page88). DCI Measures DC Current (page28). SHIFT → DCI (STORE) Stores a measurement result (page67).
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GETTING STARTED (Temperature) Measures Temperature (page37). SHIFT + TEMP (SENSOR) Selects the type of thermocouple used in the Temperature measurement (page38). Measurement keys (Lower row) AUTO/ENTER As the AUTO key, selects the measurement range automatically. As the ENTER key, confirms the entered value. SHIFT → AUTO (RATE) Selects the measurement update rate: Slow, Medium, or Fast (page22). Up/Down Selects the parameter in various occasions: higher ( ) or lower ( ).
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual MX/MN (MAX/ MIN) Measures the Maximum or the Minimum value (page45). SHIFT → MX/MN (FILTER) Selects the digital filter type for the signal sampling (page62). 2 ND (Display) / LOCAL As the 2nd key, selects the measurement item on the 2nd display (page55). Pressing and holding for more than 1 second turns off the 2nd display. As the Local key, releases the remote control and goes back to the local panel operation (page96).
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GETTING STARTED Rear Panel Overview Optional Item Slot x2 Digital I/O Port CAL Key Port USB Device Port Power Cord Socket RS-232C Port Fuse T3.15A/250V Accepts the power cord. AC 100–240V, 50–60Hz. Power Cord Socket For power on sequence, see page20. Holds the main fuse: T3.15A 250V, 20VA. Fuse Socket For fuse replacement details, see page112. Accepts an RS-232C cable for remote control; DB-9 male connector. RS-232C port For remote control details, see page97.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Digital I/O port Accepts a digital I/O cable for the Hi/Lo limit test; DB-9 pin, female connector. For digital I/O details, see page91. Optional slot x2 Accepts up to two optional scanner modules. 16 channels are available per scanner. When two modules are used, maximum 32 channels are available. For scanner details, see page71.
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GETTING STARTED Set Up Tilt Stand Tilt stand steps Pull out the handle sideways and rotate it. Place the unit horizontally, Or in the tilt stand position. Place the handle vertically for hand carry.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Power Up Power up steps Note 1. Connect the power cord to the AC Voltage input. Make sure the ground connector of the power cord is connected to a safety ground. This will affect the measurement accuracy. 2. Push to turn On the main power switch on the front panel. 3. The display shows the model name and the version for a few seconds. Example: GDM-8255A, V2.10 4. Followed by the default measurement settings. 5. And the interface I/O settings. 6.
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BASIC MEASUREMENT BASIC MEASUREMENT Overview Basic Measurement Overview ................................ 22 Common attribute: refresh rate .............................. 22 Common attribute: reading indicator ..................... 23 Common attribute: manual/automatic triggering .. 23 Voltage AC/DC/AC+DC Voltage Measurement .................... 24 Select Voltage range ............................................... 25 Voltage conversion table ........................................
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Basic Measurement Overview Background Basic measurement refers to the eight types of measurements assigned to the upper row keys on the front panel.
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BASIC MEASUREMENT 2. The refresh rate indicator shows the current status. → → → Common attribute: reading indicator Background The reading indicator next to the 1st display flashes according to the refresh rate setting. Common attribute: manual/automatic triggering Automatic triggering (default) The GDM-8200A series triggers according to the refresh rate. See the previous page for refresh rate setting details. Manual triggering Press the TRIG key to trigger measurement manually.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual AC/DC/AC+DC Voltage Measurement Voltage type AC 0 ~ 750V DC 0 ~ 1000V AC+DC 0 ~ 1000V *AC+DC= AC2+DC2 (AC = true RMS) 1. Activate ACV/ Press the ACV (AC Voltage) key or DCV DCV (DC Voltage) key. or For AC+DC Voltage, press the ACV key and the DCV key together. 2. ACV/DCV mode display appears 3.
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BASIC MEASUREMENT Select Voltage range Auto range To turn the automatic range selection On/Off, press the AUTO key. Manual range Press the Up or the Down key to select the range. AUTO indicator turns Off automatically. If the appropriate range is unknown, select the highest range. Selection list Range Note Resolution / Full scale @ slow rate Resolution Full scale Full scale (GDM-8251A) (GDM-8255A) 100mV 1µV 120.000mV 199.999mV 1V 10µV 1.20000V 1.99999V 10V 100µV 12.0000V 19.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Voltage conversion table This table shows the relationship between AC, DC, and AC+DC reading in various waveforms. Waveform Sine Peak to Peak AC (True RMS) DC AC + DC (True RMS) 2.828 1.000 0.000 1.000 1.414 0.435 0.900 1.000 2.000 0.771 0.636 1.000 2.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 1.414 0.707 0.707 1.000 2.000 2K 2D K= ( D  D 2 ) D=X/Y D=X/Y 2 D D=X/Y 1.000 0.
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BASIC MEASUREMENT Crest factor table Background Waveform Square wave Crest factor is the ratio of the peak signal amplitude to the RMS value of the signal. It determines the accuracy of AC measurement. If the crest factor is less than 3.0, voltage measurement will not result in error due to dynamic range limitations at full scale. If the crest factor is more than 3.0, it usually indicates abnormal waveform as seen from the below table. Shape Crest factor 1.0 Sine wave 1.414 Triangle sawtooth 1.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual AC/DC/AC+DC Current Measurement Current type AC 0 ~ 10A DC 0 ~ 10A AC+DC 0 ~ 10A *AC+DC= 1. Activate ACI/ DCI AC2+DC2 (AC = true RMS) Press the ACI (AC Current) key or the DCI (DC Current) key. or For AC+DC Current, press the ACI key and the DCI key together. 2. ACI/DCI mode display appears AC(DC) + A Indicates AC, DC, AC+DC Current (Note: AC = true RMS) 3.
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BASIC MEASUREMENT Select Current range Auto range To turn the automatic range selection On/Off, press the AUTO key. Manual range Press the Up or the Down key to select the range. AUTO indicator turns Off automatically. If the appropriate range is unknown, select the highest range. Selection list Range Note Resolution / Full scale @ slow rate Resolution Full scale Full scale (GDM-8251A) (GDM-8255A) 10mA 0.1µA 12.0000mA 19.9999mA 100mA 1µA 120.000mA 199.999mA 1A 100µA 1.2000A 1.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual 2W/4W Resistance Measurement Measurement type 1. Activate resistance measurement 2-wire Uses the standard V-COM ports. Recommended for measuring resistances larger than 1kΩ. 4-wire Compensates the test lead effect using the 4W compensation ports, in addition to the standard V-COM ports. Recommended for measuring sensitive resistances smaller than 1kΩ. For 2-wire resistance measurement, press the 2W/4W key once. For 4-wire resistance measurement, press the 2W/4W key twice.
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BASIC MEASUREMENT Select Resistance range Auto range To turn the automatic range selection On/Off, press the AUTO key. Manual range Press the Up or the Down key to select the range. AUTO indicator turns Off automatically. If the range is unknown, select the highest range. Selection list Range Note Full scale @ slow rate GDM-8251A GDM-8255A 100Ω 120.000Ω 199.999Ω 1kΩ 1.20000kΩ 1.99999kΩ 10kΩ 12.0000kΩ 19.9999kΩ 100kΩ 120.000kΩ 199.999kΩ 1MΩ 1.20000MΩ 1.99999MΩ 10MΩ 12.0000MΩ 19.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Diode Test Background Diode test checks the forward bias characteristics of a diode by running a constant forward bias current, approx. 0.5mA, through the DUT. 1. Activate diode Press the test key once. 2. Diode mode display appears +V DIODE 3. Connect the test lead and measure Indicates Diode test 2nd display shows the title Connect the test lead between the and COM port; Anode-V, Cathode-COM. The display updates the reading.
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BASIC MEASUREMENT Continuity Test Background Continuity test checks that the resistance in the DUT is low enough to be considered continuous (of conductive nature). 1. Activate continuity test Press the key twice. 2. Continuity mode display appears +Ω CONT 3. Connect the test lead and measure Indicates Continuity test 2nd display shows the title Connect the test lead between the Ω and the COM port. The display updates the reading.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Set continuity threshold Background Continuity threshold defines the maximum resistance allowed in the DUT when testing the continuity. Threshold Range 0 ~ 1000Ω, 1Ω resolution, 10Ω default 1. 1. Activate threshold setting Press the Shift key, the 2ND key, the Right key. The measurement menu appears. 2. Press the Down key, the Right key, the Enter key. The continuity threshold setting appears. 2. Edit threshold 1.
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BASIC MEASUREMENT Select beeper setting Background Beeper setting defines how the GDM-8200A series notifies the continuity test result to the user. Beeper parameter Pass Beeps when the test result is pass Fail Beeps when the test result is fail Off Beep function is turned Off 1. Activate beeper setting menu 1. Press the Shift key followed by the 2nd (Menu) key. The system menu appears. 2. Press the Down key. The beep menu appears. 3. Press the Down key. The beep setting appears. 2.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Frequency/Period Measurement To measure Frequency, press the 1. Activate frequency/period Hz/P key once. measurement To measure Period, press the Hz/P key twice. 2. Frequency (Period) mode display appears 3. Connect the test lead and measure Hz (S) Indicates Frequency (period) measurement FREQ (PERIOD) 2nd display shows the title Connect the test lead between the V and the COM port. The display updates the reading.
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BASIC MEASUREMENT Temperature Measurement Background The GDM-8200A series accepts thermocouple input and calculates the temperature from the voltage fluctuation. Thermocouple type and reference junction temperature are also being considered. 1. Activate temperature measurement For Celsius units (°C), press the TEMP key once. For Fahrenheit (°F) unit, press the TEMP key twice. 2. Temperature mode display appears 3.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Select thermocouple type Background The GDM-8200A series assumes that a certain type of thermocouple, which reads voltage fluctuation induced by temperature changes, is used to measure the temperature. Parameter Type Range Resolution K 0 ~ +300°C 0.01°C T 0 ~ +300°C 0.01°C J 0 ~ +300°C 0.01°C 1. Open sensor selection menu Press the Shift key, then the TEMP (Sensor) key. The sensor selection menu appears on the display. 2.
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BASIC MEASUREMENT Set reference junction temperature Background When a thermocouple is connected to the GDM-8200A series, the temperature difference between the thermocouple lead and the GDM-8200A series input terminal should be taken into account and be cancelled; otherwise an erroneous temperature might be added. Type Range SIM (simulated) 0 ~ +50°C Resolution 0.01°C The terminal temperature is manually defined by the user. Default value: 23.00 1.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual ADVANCED MEASUREMENT Overview Advanced Measurement Overview ......................... 41 Common attribute: refresh rate ............................. 41 Common attribute: reading indicator ..................... 42 Common attribute: manual/automatic triggering .. 42 dBm/dB dBm/dB Measurement ........................................... 43 Measure dBm ......................................................... 43 Measure dB .......................................................
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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT Advanced Measurement Overview Background Advanced measurement mainly refers to the type of measurement which uses the result obtained by one of the basic measurements: ACV, DCV, ACI, DCI, 2/4W, Diode/Continuity, Frequency/Period, and Temperature.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual 2. The refresh rate indicator shows the current status. → → → Common attribute: reading indicator Background The reading indicator next to the 1st display flashes according to the refresh rate when the captured data is updated on the display. When no data is When there is no captured data, the reading indicator captured flashes once every two seconds (slower than the normal refresh rate), indicating the DMM is in the waiting mode.
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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT dBm/dB Measurement Applicable to Background Parameters (NOT applicable to ACV+DCV) Using the ACV or DCV measurement result, the GDM-8200A series calculates the dB or dBm value based on a reference resistance value in the following way.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Deactivate dBm measurement To cancel the dBm measurement, press the Shift key followed by the key, or simply activate another measurement. Measure dB Background dB is defined as [dBm−dBmref]. When the dB measurement is activated, the GDM-8200A series calculates the dBm using the reading at the first moment and stores it as dBmref. Activate dB Press the Shift key followed by the Hz/P key. The 1st display shows dB, and the 2nd display shows the current Voltage reading.
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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT Max/Min Measurement Applicable to (+) (+) Background Maximum and Minimum measurement stores the highest (maximum) or lowest (minimum) reading and shows it on the 2nd display. 1. Activate Max/Min For Max measurement, press the MX/MN key once. For Min measurement, press the MX/MN key twice. 2. Max (Min) result appears MIN (MAX) Indicates Min (Max) measurement 0.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Relative Value Measurement Applicable to Background (+) (+) Relative measurement stores a value, typically the data at the moment, as the reference. The following measurement is shown as the delta between the reference. Press the REL key. The 1. Activate Relative measurement reading at the measurement moment becomes the reference value. 2.
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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT 2. Use the Left/Right key to move the flashing point (cursor), and use the Up/Down key to change the value. 3. Press the Enter key to confirm the value, or the Exit key to cancel. (confirm) The display switches to (cancel) measurement. To cancel the Relative Deactivate Relative measurement, press the measurement REL key again, or simply activate another measurement.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Hold Measurement Applicable to Background (+) (+) Hold measurement retains the current measurement data and updates it only when the reading fluctuates more than the threshold setting as the percentage of the retained data. Press the HOLD key. 1. Activate Hold measurement 2.
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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT Compare Measurement Applicable to Background (+) (+) Compare measurement checks and updates if the measurement data stays between the upper (high) and lower (low) limit specified. Press the Shift key, then the 1. Activate Compare HOLD (Comp) key. measurement 2. High limit setting 1st display Shows the high limit value 2nd display Indicates high limit setting 1. Use the Left/Right key to move the cursor (flashing point) between high/low setting, digits, and decimal point. 2.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual 3. Low limit setting 1st display Shows the low limit value 2nd display Indicates low limit setting 1. Use the Left/Right key to move the cursor (flashing point) between high/low setting, digits, and decimal point. 2. Change the parameter using the Up/Down key. 3. Press the ENTER key to confirm editing. The compare measurement starts right away. 4.
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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT 5. Result High If the 2nd display shows High, the result is above the High limit. Digital I/O: FAIL Out (Pin 6) and HIGH Limit FAIL Out (Pin 7) are activated. Low If the 2nd display shows Low, the result is below the Low limit. Digital I/O: FAIL Out (Pin 6) and LOW Limit FAIL Out (Pin 8) are activated. Pass If the 2nd display shows Pass, the result is staying between the High and the Low limit. Digital I/O: PASS Out (Pin 5) is activated.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Math Measurement Applicable to (+) (+) Background Math measurement runs three types of mathematical operation, MX+B, 1/X, and percentage, based on the other measurement results. Math type MX+B Multiplies the reading (X) by the factor (M) and adds/subtracts offset (B). 1/X Divides the reading (X) by 1, which provides the inverse number. Percentage Runs the following equation. (ReadingX – Reference) Reference x 100% Measure MX+B 1.
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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT 2. Change the parameter using the Up/Down key. 3. Press the ENTER key to confirm editing and move to offset setting. 3. Set the offset (B) 1st display Shows the offset (B) 2nd display Indicates MX+B (The letter B flashes) 1. Use the Left/Right key to move the cursor (flashing point) between the offset, digits, and decimal point. 2. Change the parameter using the Up/Down key. 3. Press the ENTER key to confirm the editing. The MX+B measurement result appears. 4.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Measure 1/X 1. Activate 1/X Press the Shift key, the 2/4W (Math) key, the Down key twice. The 1/X setting appears. 2. View 1/X Press the ENTER key to view the 1/X measurement result. 1st display Shows the 1/X value 2nd display Indicates 1/X MATH Indicates Math operation Measure Percentage 1. Activate Percentage Press the Shift key, the 2/4W (Math) key, the Up key. The Reference setting appears. The Percentage is calculated as: [Reading−Reference]/Reference x 100%. 2.
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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT 1. Use the Left/Right key to move the cursor (flashing point) between high/low setting, digits, and decimal point. 2. Change the parameter using the Up/Down key. 3. Press the ENTER key to confirm editing. 3. View Percentage 1st display Shows the calculated result 2nd display Indicates the Percentage measurement MATH Indicates Math operation Dual Display Measurement Background You can use the 2nd display to show another item, thus viewing two different measurement results at once.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual 2W* (see Note) ● ● ● ● ● Hz/P ● ● ● ● ● TEMP — — — — — — — — — — Note   In the dual display mode, the resistance needs to be larger than 1MΩ. Some combination of dual display mode is possible but may not be useful, and their accuracies are not guaranteed. 2 nd Measurement Press the 2nd key, then the target item setting item (example: ACV). The display updates the measurement result.
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SYSTEM/DISPLAY CONFIGURATION SYSTEM/DISPLAY CONFIGURATION Refresh Rate Refresh Rate Setting ............................................... 58 Trigger Manual/Automatic triggering ................................. 59 Use external trigger ................................................ 59 Set trigger delay ..................................................... 60 Digital Filter Overview ................................................................ 62 Filter setting ...................................
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Refresh Rate Setting Background Refresh rate defines how frequently the GDM-8200A series captures and updates the measurement data. Faster refresh rate yields lower accuracy and resolution. Slower refresh rate yields higher accuracy and resolution. Consider the trade-off when selecting the refresh rate. Display/Range Refresh rate selection 58 S 5 ½ digits M 4 ½ digits F 3 ½ digits Press the Shift key followed by the AUTO key.
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SYSTEM/DISPLAY CONFIGURATION Trigger Setting Manual/Automatic triggering Automatic triggering (default) The GDM-8200A series triggers according to the refresh rate. See the previous page for refresh rate setting details. Manual triggering Press the TRIG key to trigger measurement manually. Use external trigger Background The GDM-8200A series uses the internal trigger by default, for example to count the frequency and the period. Using an external trigger allows customized triggering condition.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual 1. Activate external trigger Press the Shift key followed by the TRIG key. The EXT indicator appears on the display. 2. Start trigger Press the TRIG key to start triggering manually. The indicator turns On. Reading indicator The reading indicator does not flash before triggering (can be on or off). After triggering, the indicator flashes according to the external signal trigger timing. Exit external trigger Press the Shift key followed by the TRIG key.
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SYSTEM/DISPLAY CONFIGURATION 3. Move the flashing point (cursor) using the Left/Right key. Change the value using the Up/Down key. 4. Press the ENTER key to confirm editing and press the EXIT key. The display goes back to previous mode.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Digital Filter Setting Overview Filter basic The GDM-8200A series internal digital filter converts the analog input signal into digital format before passing it to internal circuits for processing. The filter affects the amount of noise included in the measurement result. Filter type The digital filter averages a specific number of input signal samples to generate one reading. The filter type defines the averaging method.
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SYSTEM/DISPLAY CONFIGURATION Filter setting Turn on Filter 1. Press the Shift key followed by the MX/MN (Filter) key. 1st display Shows the filter count 2nd display Shows the filter type (flashing) 2. Select the filter type using the Up/Down key. 3. Move the cursor to filter count using the Left/Right key. Change the value using the Up/Down key. 4. Press the ENTER key to confirm editing. The Filter indicator appears on the display. FILT Turn off Filter Indicates manual Filter setting 1.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Display Setting Display light setting Background Display light setting adjusts the brightness of the display reading. Use level 3 or more (brighter) when working indoor; use level 2 or 1 (darker) when working outdoor under the sun. Level Panel operation 5 (brightest) ~ 1 (darkest), default Level 3 1. Press the Shift key followed by the 2ND (Menu) key. The system menu appears. 2. Press the Down key, then the Right key twice. The light menu appears. 3. Press the Down key.
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SYSTEM/DISPLAY CONFIGURATION Display on/off setting (+ key lock) Background The display can be turned off when not used for a long time. Note that when this function is used, the panel keys are also locked except for the Output On/Off key. The display is turned on by default. Panel operation 1. Press the Output On/Off key once. The display will be turned off and the panel keys become locked. 2. To enable the display and panel keys, press the Output On/Off key again.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual STORE/RECALL The GDM -8200A Series can store and recall measurement history (for up to 1000 counts) as well as the instrument settings. For storing and recalling measurement results using the Scanner, see page71. Store Measurement Record ............................... 67 Recall Measurement Record .............................. 68 Save Instrument Settings .................................. 69 Recall Instrument Settings ................................
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STORE/RECALL Store Measurement Record Background The GDM-8200A series can store the measurement history which can be recalled later for observation and analysis as in Maximum, Minimum, and Average value. Note: Previously recorded measurements will be erased every time the store function is used or if power is reset. Data count 1 ~ 9999 Not applicable to Store/recall measurement history is not applicable to Diode/Continuity test Store step . 1. Press the Shift key followed by the DCI (Store) key.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Recall Measurement Record Background The GDM-8200A series can recall the stored measurement history for observation and analysis as in Maximum, Minimum, and Average value. Not applicable to Store/recall measurement history is not applicable to Diode/Continuity test Recall stored record . Press the Shift key, then the ACI (Recall) key. The stored measurement record appears.
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STORE/RECALL Save Instrument Settings Background The GDM-8200A series can save up to ten instrument settings. The settings can save the state, function, I/O and range. Upon powering up, the current instrument setting is displayed. Set Instrument Setting Press the Shift key, the 2ND key, Down and then Left twice. The Save menu appears. Press the Down key to enter the Save menu. Memory Slot Selection Choose the memory slot to save to by using the Up, Down, Left and Right keys.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Recall Instrument Settings Background The Recall function to enables saved settings to be recalled at power up. Set Instrument Setting Press the Shift key, then the 2ND (Menu) key, Down and Left once. The Recall menu appears. Press the Down key to enter the Recall menu. Memory Slot Selection Choose the memory slot to recall from by using the Up, Down, Left and Right keys. Confirm Selection Press Enter to confirm the memory slot.
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SCANNER (OPTIONAL) SCANNER (OPTIONAL) The optional scanner GDM-SC1 lets you effectively measure multiple channels connected to a single GDM-8255A Series DMM. Installation GDM-SC1 Scanner Specifications .......................... 72 Configure scanner .................................................. 72 Select Channel group and enable scanner.............. 74 Connect wire .......................................................... 75 Insert scanner ........................................................
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual GDM-SC1 Scanner Specifications 2-wire channel 16 pairs Maximum current 2A (ch17, ch18) 4-wire channel 8 pairs Resistance 2/4 wire Cold junction N/A (internal) Connection Screw terminal Single wire channel N/A Maximum voltage 250V Scanner Installation Configure scanner Open Scanner cover 1. Take off four screws from the bottom panel of the scanner. 2. Remove the top panel.
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SCANNER (OPTIONAL) 3. The connection terminals appear. Overview 16 general purpose channels are available, 8 on the left row, 8 on the right row. Current (ACI, DCI) measurement uses 2 extra channels. All channels are fully isolated (Hi and Lo). Scan/Step connection Refer to the below table for measurement and test line connection. Item No. of wire No.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Select Channel group and enable scanner Background Select group (Jumper J8) 2 groups, 16 channels each, are available for the scanner. Group1 CH101 ~ 118 Group2 CH201 ~ 218 Set the jumper J8 in the center of the board accordingly. Move the jumper to the right (pins 2-3) for selecting CH1xx (101 ~ 118), and move to the left (pins 1-2) for selecting CH2xx (201 ~ 218).
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SCANNER (OPTIONAL) Connect wire Wire selection Make sure the wires have at least the same Voltage and Current capacity as the maximum ratings in the measurement. Connection 1. Turn the screw left (loose) using the screw driver and insert the wire. Turn the screw right (tight) and secure the connection. 1 Loosen 3 Tighten 2 Insert 2. Route the wires as follows, using the two openings (left and right) at the front cover.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Note When using thermocouple wiring, please use extension wires so that the cold junction points are external to the scanner card. Connecting thermocouple wiring directly to the scanner box is not recommended due to the radiant heat from the internal components. Extension wires Cold junction points Best if longer than 20cm Hot junction point Thermocouple wire 3. Bundle the wires at the front cover using the holes at the bottom. 4.
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SCANNER (OPTIONAL) Insert scanner Power Off Turn the Power Off and take off the power cord. Take off the two screws on the slot corners to remove the Open the GDM-8200A optional slot cover. Keep the screws for later reuse.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Insert the scanner Insert the scanner (already configured according to the procedures on page72) to either of the two slots, upper or lower. Close the cover by tightening the screws. Power On Connect the power cord and turn On the power.
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SCANNER (OPTIONAL) Scanner Configuration Record Measure type Channel Wire color CH1 H L CH2 H L CH3 H L CH4 H L CH5 H L CH6 H L CH7 H L CH8 H L CH9 H L CH10 H L CH11 H L CH12 H L CH13 H L CH14 H L CH15 H L CH16 H L CH17 H L CH18 H L CARD INPUT H L CARD SENSE H L AMPS L H Note 79
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Setup Scan Overview Scan type Simple Sets the scanned channel range, loop count, and timer length. All channels have a common measurement item. Advanced In addition to the above Simple Scan setting, allows custom setting for each channel, such as measurement item, range, and rate. Timer setting Sets the duration between each scan loop (Scan operation) or between each scanned channel (Step operation). Count setting Sets the number of scan operation (loop).
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SCANNER (OPTIONAL) Setup Simple Scan Panel operation 1. Press the Shift key, the 2ND key (MENU), the Left key. The Scan menu appears. 2. Press the Down key. The Simple Scan menu appears. 3. Press the Down key again. The Starting (Minimum) channel setting appears. 4. Move the cursor to the channel using the Left/Right key, and change the value using the Up/Down key. Range 101 ~ 118, 201 ~ 218 5. When finished, press the ENTER key. The End (Maximum) channel setting appears.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual 6. Move the cursor to the channel using the Left/Right key, and change the value using the Up/Down key. Range 101 ~ 118, 201 ~ 218 (must be the same or bigger than the Start (Min) channel) 7. When finished, press the ENTER key. The Timer setting appears. 8. Move the cursor to the channel using the Left/Right key, and change the value using the Up/Down key. Range 1ms ~ 9999ms 9. Press the ENTER key. The loop (step) Count setting appears. 10.
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SCANNER (OPTIONAL) Setup Advanced Scan Panel operation 1. Press the Shift key, the 2ND key (MENU), the Left key. The Scan menu appears. 2. Press the Down key followed by the Right key. The Advanced Scan menu appears. 3. Press the Down key. The Starting (Minimum) channel setting appears. 4. Move the cursor to the channel using the Left/Right key, and change the value using the Up/Down key. Range 101 ~ 118, 201 ~ 218 5. When finished, press the ENTER key. The End (Maximum) channel setting appears.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual 6. Move the cursor to the channel using the Left/Right key, and change the value using the Up/Down key. Range 101 ~ 118, 201 ~ 218 (must be the same or bigger than the Start (Min) channel) 7. When finished, press the ENTER key. The Timer setting appears. 8. Move the cursor to the channel using the Left/Right key, and change the value using the Up/Down key. Range 1ms ~ 9999ms 9. When finished, press the ENTER key. The Count setting appears. Range 1 ~ 999 10.
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SCANNER (OPTIONAL) 13. Set the measurement condition.    To select measurement item, press the target key. To select Auto range, press the AUTO key. To manually select the range, press the Up/Down key. 14. When finished, press the Right key to confirm edit and to move to the next channel. 15. When all channel configurations are completed, press the EXIT key. The display goes back to the default mode.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Use external trigger Background The GDM-8200A series uses the internal trigger by default. Using an external trigger allows customized triggering. Signal connection Connect the external trigger signal to the Digital I/O port located on the rear panel.
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SCANNER (OPTIONAL) Run Scan Overview Scan operation type Scan Measures all specified channel range at each trigger event. Timer setting (page81) applies between each scan. Step Measures a single channel in the specified range at each trigger event. Timer setting (page81) applies between each channel. Monitor Continuously measure one channel. Run Scan/Step Activate Scan/Step 1. Press the Shift key followed by the ACV key (SCAN) or DCV key (Step). 2. The STO indicator turns On.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Recall Scan/Step result Panel operation 1. After the Scan/Step is completed, the data is stored internally. Press the Shift key followed by the ACI (Recall) key. 2. The first channel appears. (example: channel 101) 3. To view the Max/Min/Average data, press the Left and Right keys. 4. To move to the next channel, press the Up/Down key. 5. Press the EXIT key to get out from recall mode. Setup and run monitoring Panel operation 1.
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SCANNER (OPTIONAL) 3. Press the Down key. The channel selection appears. 4. Move the cursor to the channel using the Left/Right key, and change the value using the Up/Down key. 5. When finished, press the ENTER key. The Monitoring starts.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual DIGITAL I/O The rear panel Digital I/O terminal outputs the result of Compare measurement to external devices. Terminal configuration Digital I/O Terminal Configuration ........................ 91 Application Application: Compare measurement ...................... 92 Application: External trigger ..................................
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DIGITAL I/O Digital I/O Terminal Configuration Background The digital I/O terminal outputs the result of Compare measurement to control external devices. By providing separate VCC for the terminal, the outputs can also be used as power source for TTL and CMOS logics. Pin assignment Connector type: DB-9 female HIGH Limit FAIL Out LOW Limit FAIL Out FAIL Out 6789 EOM Out VCC Out 12345 PASS Out External Trigger In NC Digital (Chassis) Ground Pin1 VCC output, 5V.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Application: Compare measurement Applicable to Background (+) (+) Compare measurement checks and updates if the measurement data stays between the upper (high) and lower (low) limit specified. Press the Shift key, then the 1. Activate Compare HOLD (Comp) key. measurement 2. High limit setting 1st display Shows the high limit value 2nd display Indicates high limit setting 1.
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DIGITAL I/O Set the low limit in the same way as in the high limit. Press the ENTER key to confirm editing. The compare measurement starts right away. 4. Compare measurement appears 5. Result COMP Indicates Compare mode 2nd display Shows the compare measurement result: Pass, High, or Low. High If the 2nd display shows High, the result is above the High limit. Digital I/O: FAIL Out (Pin 6) and HIGH Limit FAIL Out (Pin 7) are activated.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Application: External trigger Background The GDM-8200A series uses the internal trigger by default, for example to count the frequency and the period. Using an external trigger allows customized triggering condition. Signal connection Connect the external trigger signal to the Digital I/O port located on the rear panel.
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REMOTE CONTROL REMOTE CONTROL Interface Overview ................................................................ 96 Configure USB interface ........................................ 96 Configure RS-232C interface .................................. 97 Command Syntax Command Syntax ................................................... 99 Command Set CONFigure command ...........................................100 SENSe command ..................................................101 UNIT command .............
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Configure Interface Overview Interface type Return to Local control mode USB Device USB 1.1 or 2.0, TypeA, female connector. RS-232C D-sub 9 pin, male connector. Baud rate: 115200/57600/38400/19200/ 9600. In order to switch back to the Local control mode (front panel operation), press the LOCAL key. Configure USB interface USB device port configuration 1. Press the Shift key, the 2ND (Menu) key, the Right key twice. The I/O configuration menu appears. 2.
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REMOTE CONTROL 5. Press the ENTER key to confirm USB selection. 6. Press the Exit key to go back to the default display. 7. Connect the USB cable to the rear panel terminal (upper port). KEY CAL Configure RS-232C interface Configuration step 1. Press the Shift key, the 2ND (Menu) key, the Right key twice. The I/O configuration menu appears. 2. Press the Down key, then the Right key. The RS-232C selection display appears. 3. Press Enter or Down to confirm RS232 selection. or 4.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual 6. Press the Exit key to go back to the default display. 7. Connect the RS-232C cable to the rear panel terminal. RS-232C pin assignment PC – GDM RS-232C Connection Pin 2: RxD Pin 3: TxD Pin 5: GND Pin 1, 4, 6 ~ 9: No Connection 54321 Null-modem connection, in which transmit (TxD) and receive (RxD) lines are cross-linked, is required.
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REMOTE CONTROL Command Syntax The commands are partially compatible with IEEE488.2 (1992) and SCPI (1994) standard. Commands are NON-case sensitive. Example command conf:volt:dc _1 1: Command Header 2: Single space 1 Parameter example Boolean Automatic parameter range selection Message Terminator (EOL) 23 3: Parameter Boolean logic: 0 or 1. Used for On (1) or Off (0) command. NR1 Integer: 0, 1, 2, 3..... NR2 Decimal number: 0.0, 0.1, 0.2,.... NR3 Floating point number: 4.5e-1, 8.5e+1,...
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Command Set    Commands are non-case sensitive. Underline means a single space (dc_1→DC 1V). When the parameter does not match the real value, the closest possible option is automatically selected (dc_2 [DC 2V range]→DC 10V) CONFigure command conf:volt:dc Sets measurement to DC Voltage and specifies range.
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REMOTE CONTROL conf:per Sets measurement to Period and specifies range. conf:cont Sets measurement to Continuity. conf:diod Sets measurement to Diode. conf:temp Sets measurement to Temperature. conf:stat:func? Returns function of 1st display. Parameter: 1 (DCV), 2 (ACV), 3 (DCA-10A), 4 (ACA-10A), 5 (DCA-mA), 6 (ACA-mA), 7 (2WR), 8 (Freq), 9 (TempC), 10 (AC+DCA-10A), 11 (AC+DCV), 12 (AC+DCA-mA), 13 (Diode), 14 (Period), 15 (TempF), 16 (4WR), 17 (Cont.) conf:stat:rang? Returns range of 1st display.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual sens:aver:tcon Selects digital filter type. Parameter: mov (moving), rep (repeating) Example: sens:aver:tcon_mov (moving digital filter) sens:aver:tcon? Returns digital filter type. Parameter: MOV (moving), REP (repeating) sens:aver:coun Sets digital filter count. Parameter: 2 ~ 100 Example: sens:aver:coun_100 (filter count 100) sens:aver:coun? Returns current digital filter count. Parameter: 2 ~ 100 sens:aver:stat Turns digital filter On/Off.
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REMOTE CONTROL calc:aver:min? Returns minimum value stored. calc:aver:max? Returns maximum value stored. calc:aver:aver? Returns average value stored. calc:aver:coun? Returns number of data count. calc:rel:ref Sets reference value in Relative value measurement. Parameter: NR2, min, max Example: calc:rel:ref_1.0 (reference value set to 1.0) calc:rel:ref? Returns reference value in Relative value measurement. Parameter: NR2, min, max calc:db:ref Sets reference value in dB measurement.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual calc:math:perc Sets target value in Math measurement. Parameter: NR2 Example: calc:math:perc_50 (target set to 50) calc:hold:ref Set percentage of Hold function. Parameter: 0 to 99, min, max calc:hold:ref? Return percentage of Hold function. Parameter: 0 to 99 TRIGger command read? Returns 1st and 2nd display value. val1? Returns 1st display value. val2? Returns 2nd display value. trig:sour Selects trigger source.
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REMOTE CONTROL trac:cle Clears buffer contents. SYStem related command syst:disp Turns display On or Off. Parameter: Boolean Example: disp_1 (display On) syst:disp? Returns display status, On of Off. Parameter: Boolean syst:beep:stat Select beep mode. Parameter: 0 (Off), 1 (Pass), 2 (Fail) Example: syst:beep:stat_1 (Beep when pass) syst:beep:stat? Returns beep mode status. Parameter: No beep, Beep on Pass, Beep on Fail syst:err? Returns current system error, if there is any.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual *ese <0~255> Sets ESER contents. Example: *ese 65 sets ESER to 01000001 *esr? Returns and clears SESR (Standard Event Status Register). Example: 198 means SESR=11000110 *idn? Returns company name, model No., and system version. Example: GW, GDM8255A, 1.0 *opc? “1” is placed in the output queue when all the pending operations are completed. *opc Sets operation complete bit (bit0) in SERS (Standard Event Status Register) when all pending operations are completed.
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REMOTE CONTROL rout:chan Configure channel in advanced mode. Parameter: Channel, Function, Range, Auto Range Example: rout:chan 101, 1, 2, 0 (Channel 101, Function 1 (DCV), Range 2 (DCV 1V), Disable Auto Range) rout:chan? Return channel configurations in advanced mode. Parameter: Channel, Function, Range, Auto Range Example: 101, 1, 2, 0 (Channel 101, Function 1 (DCV), Range 2 (DCV 1V), Disable Auto Range) rout:del Set delay timer for scan.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual conf2:freq Configure 2nd display to Frequency. conf2:per Configure 2nd display to Period. conf2:temp Configure 2nd display to Temperature. conf2:off Turn off the dual display mode (2nd display is off) conf2:stat:func? Returns function of 2nd display. Parameter: 1 (DCV), 2 (ACV), 3 (DCA-10A), 4 (ACA-10A), 5 (DCA-mA), 6 (ACA-mA), 7 (2WR), 8 (Freq), 9 (TempC), 10 (AC+DCA-10A), 11 (AC+DCV), 12 (AC+DCA-mA), 13 (Diode), 14 (Period), 15 (TempF), 16 (4WR), 17 (Cont.
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FAQ FAQ ● What is the Output key used for? ● I pressed the EXIT key but cannot get out of Scanner mode. ● The GDM-8200A series performance does not match the specifications. What is the Output key used for? The Output key is used for turning the display output on or off. I pressed the EXIT key but cannot get out of Scanner mode. Press the EXIT key, followed by the ACV (Scan) or DCV (Step) key. The GDM-8200A series performance does not match the specifications.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual APPENDIX System Info Firmware Version ................................................. 110 Fuse Replacement Replace AC source fuse ........................................ 112 Specifications General ................................................................ 114 Replace input current fuse ................................... 113 Reading rates (readings/sec) ............................... 114 DC Voltage ...........................................................
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APPENDIX Firmware Version Background Firmware version is available for viewing system information. Firmware version View firmware version Shows the GDM-8200A series firmware version number. 1. Press the Shift key followed by the 2ND (Menu) key. The system menu appears. 2. Press the Down key followed by the Right key. The firmware version menu appears. 3. Press the Down key. The firmware version appears. 4. Press the Exit key to go back to the default display.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Fuse Replacement Replace AC source fuse Step 1. Take off the power cord and remove the fuse socket using a minus driver. 2. Replace the fuse in the holder. Rating 112 T3.
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APPENDIX Replace input current fuse Step 1. Press the Fuse holder. 2. The fuse holder comes out. Replace the fuse inserted at the end of the holder.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Specifications General   Note  Resolution Operation Environment Temperature Coefficient Storage Environment Power Source Dimension Weight All specifications are ensured only under a single display. At least 30 minutes of warm-up time is required before applying these specifications. Make sure the power ground is connected.
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APPENDIX DC Voltage Note Rate  Max. Input: 1000V DC or Peak on all range Range Resolution Full Scale Full Scale Accuracy (8251A) (8255A) 100.000mV 1µV 120.000mV 199.999mV 0.012%+8 1.00000V 10µV 1.20000V 1.99999V 0.012%+5 10.0000V 100µV 12.0000V 19.9999V 0.012%+5 100.000V 1mV 120.000V 199.999V 0.012%+5 1000.00V 10mV 1000.00V 1000.00V 0.012%+5 100.00mV 10µV 120.00mV 199.99mV 0.012%+5 1.0000V 100µV 1.2000V 1.9999V 0.012%+5 10.000V 1mV 12.000V 19.999V 0.012%+5 100.00V 10mV 120.00V 199.99V 0.012%+5 1000.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual 100.0mV 1.000V 10.00V 100.0V 750V(*) Range F Rate 100µV 120.0mV 199.9mV 1mV 1.200V 1.999V 10mV 12.00V 19.99V 100mV 120.0V 199.9V 1V 750V 750V Accuracy (reading%+digits) 20~45Hz 100.000mV 1% + 100 1.00000V 1% + 100 10.0000V 1% + 100 100.000V 1% + 100 750.00V(*) 1% + 100 100.00mV — 1.0000V — 10.000V — 100.00V — 750.0V(*) — 100.0mV — 1.000V — 10.00V — 100.0V — 750V(*) — S M F 45~10kHz 10k~30kHz 30k~100kHz 0.2% + 100 0.2% + 100 0.2% + 100 0.2% + 100 0.2% + 100 0.2% + 40 0.
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APPENDIX AC Current  Note     Rate S M F The specifications are only applicable for sinusoidal signals with amplitudes greater than 5% of the Full Scale reading, excluding the GDM-8251A which must have amplitudes greater than 1.0mA when using a range of 10.0000mA. mA range protected with a 2A fuse 10A range protected with a 12A, 600V fuse 10mA/100mA range specifications are verified for < 10kHz 1A/10A range specifications are verified for < 5kHz Range Resolution 10.0000mA 100.000mA 1.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual 2W Resistance   Note  Max. Input: 500V DC or 500V rms AC *: Relative mode When measuring resistances higher than 500kΩ, please use shielded test cables to reduce noise interference. Full Scale (GDM-8251A) 100.000Ω 120.000Ω 1.00000kΩ 1.20000kΩ 10.0000kΩ 12.0000kΩ 100.000kΩ 120.000kΩ 1.00000MΩ 1.20000MΩ 10.0000MΩ 12.0000MΩ 100.000MΩ 120.000MΩ 100.00Ω 120.00Ω 1.0000kΩ 1.2000kΩ 10.000kΩ 12.000kΩ 100.00kΩ 120.00kΩ 1.0000MΩ 1.2000MΩ 10.000MΩ 12.000MΩ 100.00MΩ 120.00MΩ 100.
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APPENDIX 100.000MΩ 100.00Ω 1.0000kΩ 10.000kΩ 100.00kΩ 1.0000MΩ 10.000MΩ 100.00MΩ 100.0Ω 1.000kΩ 10.00kΩ 100.0kΩ 1.000MΩ 10.00MΩ 100.0MΩ M F 120.000MΩ 120.00Ω 1.2000kΩ 12.000kΩ 120.00kΩ 1.2000MΩ 12.000MΩ 120.00MΩ 120.0Ω 1.200kΩ 12.00kΩ 120.0kΩ 1.200MΩ 12.00MΩ 120.0MΩ 199.999MΩ 199.99Ω 1.9999kΩ 19.999kΩ 199.99kΩ 1.9999MΩ 19.999MΩ 199.99MΩ 199.9Ω 1.999kΩ 19.99kΩ 199.9kΩ 1.999MΩ 19.99MΩ 199.9MΩ 3.0% + 8 0.05% + 5 0.05% + 3 0.05% + 3 0.05% + 3 0.05% + 3 1.5% + 3 5.0% + 5 0.05% + 2 0.05% + 2 0.05% + 2 0.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual Optional Scanner Channel 2-wire: 16 pairs, 4-wire: 8 pairs, single-wire: N/A Maximum voltage 250V Maximum current 2A (ch17, ch18) Resistance 2/4 wire Cold junction N/A (internal) Connection Screw terminal 120
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APPENDIX EC Declaration of Conformity We GOOD WILL INSTRUMENT CO., LTD. (1) No.7-1, Jhongsing Rd., Tucheng Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan (2) No.
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GDM-8200A Series User Manual INDEX 2 2nd display front panel key ................................... 16 measurement overview...................... 55 B beeper command set .................................... 105 setting ................................................. 35 C compare value command set .................................... 103 setting ................................................. 49 continuity front panel key ................................... 14 scanner configuration ..................
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INDEX command set ..................................... 103 front panel key .................................... 14 setting.................................................. 52 monitor channel ...................................... 88 O output key faq ....................................... 109 P period front panel key .................................... 14 scanner configuration ......................... 73 setting.................................................. 36 power supply safety instruction .....