Instruction Manual HI 93414 Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine Meter w w w. h a n n a i n s t .
Dear Customer, Thank you for choosing a Hanna Instruments product. This manual will provide you with the necessary information for correct use of the instrument. Please read this instruction manual carefully before using the instrument. If you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at tech@hannainst.com or see the back side of this manual for our worldwide sales and technical service contacts. This instrument is in compliance with directives.
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Please examine this Product carefully. Make sure the instrument is not damaged. If any damage has occurred during the shipment, please notify your dealer. This HI 93414 Portable Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine meter is supplied complete with: • Five Sample Cuvets and Caps • Calibration Cuvets for turbidimeter • Calibration Cuvets for colorimeter • Silicone Oil • Tissue for wiping the cuvets • Five Tag holders with Tags (HI 920005) • Scissors • Batteries (4 pcs.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION GENERAL DESCRIPTION HI 93414 is a high accuracy, combined meter that benefits from Hanna’s years of experience as manufacturer of analytical instruments. The HI 93414 successfully combines turbidity and colorimetric measurements to meet the needs of measuring the most important parameters of drinking water: turbidity and free/total chlorine. The meter is especially designed for water quality measurements, providing reliable and accurate readings on low turbidity and chlorine values.
The instrument also provides a logging function. Up to 200 measurements can be stored in the internal memory and consulted at any time. In order to further store and analyse, the data can be downloaded to a PC using one of the available ports: RS232 or USB. For advanced field applications, the HI 93414 combined meter is equipped with Tag Identification System (TIS) that make data collecting and management simpler than ever.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION TURBIDIMETER Turbidity of water is an optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed, rather than transmitted. The scattering of the light that passes through a liquid is primarily caused by the suspended solids. The higher the turbidity, the greater the amount of scattered light. Because even the molecules in a very pure fluid scatter light to a certain degree, no solution will have zero turbidity. The USEPA Method 180.
MEASUREMENT UNITS Many methods were used to measure turbidity over the years. The Jackson Candle Turbidimeter was used to measure turbidity as Jackson turbidity units (JTU). The Secchi Disk is commonly used to measure turbidity in lakes and other deep waters (mg/L SiO2). Both methods are visual and are not considered very accurate. To obtain more accurate readings a nephelometer should be used as a turbidity reading instrument.
Therefore, the concentration “c” can be calculated from the absorbance of the substance as the other factors are known. Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an absorbing compound from a specific chemical reaction between sample and reagents. Given that the absorption of a compound strictly depends on the wavelength of the incident light beam, a narrow spectral bandwidth should be selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize measurements.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Cuvet Lid. Close the cuvet lid prior to start a measurement. Cuvet Holder. Insert the cuvet into the holder with the cuvet mark matching the case mark. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The LCD has backlight for better visibility in dark environments. Keypad. Splash proof resistant. Lamp connector. Connect the new lamp using a screwdriver during lamp changing procedure. Lamp. Replaceable tungsten lamp. Battery Lid.
8) ON/OFF, press to turn the instrument ON/OFF. If no key is pressed for more than 15 minutes, the instrument automatically shuts off. 9) RANGE , press to change the range. You can choose between turbidimeter or free or total chlorine range. In SETUP it is used to increase the set values. In Log Recall it is used to select a newer record (scroll up). 10) ZERO/AVG , press to set the average reading mode ON/OFF in turbidimeter range. In colorimeter range it is used to make a zero reading.
DISPLAY DESCRIPTION 1) Battery icon. When the instrument is powered by batteries, at the start of the instrument, the remaining battery life is displayed along with the battery icon. When blinking, the batteries are almost empty and need to be replaced. 2) Wait icon. It is displayed along with the timer countdown in colorimeter range. 3) Measurement icon. The icon shows the measuring scheme of the instrument. 4) Lamp icon. The lamp icon is shown when the lamp is turned on. 5) Four digit main display.
SPECIFICATIONS Turbidity Range Range selection Resolution Accuracy Repeatibility Stray Light Typical EMC Deviation Light Detector Method Measuring mode Turbidity Standards Calibration 0.00 to 9.99; 10.0 to 99.9 and 100 to 1000 NTU Automatically 0.01 NTU from 0.00 to 9.99 NTU; 0.1 NTU from 10.0 to 99.9 NTU; 1 NTU from 100 to 1000 NTU ±2% of reading plus 0.02 NTU ±1% of reading or 0.02 NTU, whichever is greater < 0.02 NTU ±0.
Other Light Source Lamp life Display LOG Memory Serial Interface Environment Power supply Auto Shut-off Dimensions Weight Tungsten filament lamp greater than 100,000 readings 60 x 90mm LCD with backlight 200 records RS232 or USB 1.1 to 50°C (122°F); max 95% RH non-condensing 4 x 1.5V AA alkaline batteries or AC adapter After 15 minutes of non-use 224 x 87 x 77 mm (8.8 x 3.4 x 3.0'’) 512g (18 oz.
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT HI 93414 is a highly accurate combined meter for some very important drinking water parameters: turbidity and free & total chlorine. To meet the instrument’s performance and fully benefit of its features, it is very important for the analyst to use proper measurement techniques for accurate, precise and repeatable readings. Special care must be taken during sample preparation and handling.
CUVET OILING (TURBIDITY only) Warning: For colorimetric measurements the cuvet should be completely free of any trace of oil. Do not use the oiling procedure for colorimetric measurements. To hide minor imperfections and scratches, the cuvets should be oiled outside with the supplied silicone oil. This is very important, especially for low turbidity samples (< 1 NTU), otherwise scratches can contribute and alter turbidity readings.
In order to index a cuvet follow the next steps: • Fill the cuvet with high quality water (<0.1 NTU) up to the 10 mL mark. • Clean and oil the cuvet as described before. • Turn the instrument ON. • Insert the cuvet into the instrument and press READ/TIMER . Record the reading. • Open the instrument lid, slightly rotate the cuvet and take a new reading. • Repeat the last step until you read the lowest NTU value.
MATCHING MULTIPLE CUVETS Precise measurements require the use of a single cuvet. If it is not possible, cuvet selection and matching must be performed before taking measurements. In order to match multiple cuvets follow the next steps: • Fill some cuvets with high quality water (<0.1NTU) up to the 10 mL mark. • Clean and oil the cuvets as described before. • Turn the instrument ON. • Insert the first cuvet into the instrument and press READ/TIMER . Record the reading.
• Open the instrument lid, slightly rotate the cuvet and take a new reading. • Repeat the last step for the second cuvet until the reading is within 0.01 NTU of the value obtained for the first cuvet. • Alternatively, keep the READ/TIMER pressed and, after the first value is displayed, open the lid and start rotating the cuvet until the read value matches the first cuvet. • Mark this position on the second cuvet with a water resistant pencil. • Follow the same procedure for all the cuvets you need.
APPLICATION OF VACUUM Vacuum works by decreasing the atmospheric pressure. In this way the bubbles from the solution came out to the surface. Application of vacuum is a very simple procedure and can be applied with any vacuum source at hand. The simplest equipment at hand is a syringe and a rubber stopper for vacuum degassing. Notes: • Pay attention that the vacuum equipment be clean and oil-free. • It is not recommended to apply vacuum to a viscous sample that contains volatile components.
HEATING THE SAMPLE Use of heat to remove air bubbles, although very effective in some cases, should be handled with care because it can alter the turbidity of the sample. When heating a sample, the volatile components from the sample can vaporize, the suspended components can dissolve or the sample characteristics can change. Therefore, the heating procedure should be used with extreme care. The best way is to use a warm water bath and immerse the cuvet with sample into the bath.
RANGE SELECTION The HI 93414 instrument has three measurement ranges: • Turbidity from 0.00 to 1000 NTU • Free chlorine from 0.00 to 5.00 mg/L • Total chlorine from 0.00 to 5.00 mg/L At startup, the instrument shows for one second the range on the LCD. The startup range is the last one used before turning off the instrument. Before taking measurements check that the instrument is in the correct range or switch it to the correct one. • To switch between the existing ranges press RANGE .
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE When taking turbidity, free or total chlorine measurements, several basic rules should be followed: • Always use cuvets without scratches or cracks because they can cause inaccurate readings. • Always cap the cuvets to avoid spillage of the sample into the instrument. • Always close the lid of the instrument during measurement. • Keep the lid of the instrument closed when it is not used to prevent dust or dirt entering.
NORMAL MEASUREMENT This type of measurement can be used for regular readings, when the sample is stable and normal accuracy is required. In normal measurement mode, the lamp is ON for a minimum period of time (about 7 seconds), saving the battery life. Normal measurement takes about 10 seconds. If normal measurement is selected, the “AVG” tag will not be displayed. • Press READ/TIMER to start the measurement.
• Press READ/TIMER to start the average reading. The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet, detectors and lamp will appear during measurement. When a new intermediate value is displayed, the cuvet icon and the measurement unit will briefly blink. When the measurement is ended, the final averaged result is displayed directly in NTU. RANGE AND UNITS HI 93414 automatically selects the correct turbidity range to display the results with the highest accuracy.
FREE AND TOTAL CHLORINE MEASUREMENT To take colorimetric measurements follow next steps: • Turn the instrument on by pressing ON/OFF. Assure that the correct range is selected by paying attention to the startup message or to the measuring units. When dashes are displayed on the LCD, the instrument is ready. The current time appears on the secondary LCD, if selected in SETUP menu, or “F Cl” or “t Cl” if the time is not displayed. The “ZERO” tag will blink suggesting that a zero measurement should be done.
SINGLE SAMPLE READ • Remove the cuvet from the instrument. • Remove the cap. • Add the content of one packet of the specific test reagent, for: Free Chlorine 1 packet of or HI 93701-0 Total Chlorine 1 packet of HI 93711-0 • Replace the cap and shake gently for 20 seconds (or 2minutes in case of seawater analysis). • Replace the cuvet into the holder and ensure that the mark on the glass is matched with the mark on the instrument top. Close the lid. • Hold READ/TIMER for 3 seconds.
MULTIPLE SAMPLES READ • Place the second cuvet with the reacted sample into the holder and ensure that the mark on the glass is matched with the mark on the instrument top. • Hold READ/TIMER for 3 seconds. The display will show the hourglass blinking and the countdown prior to measurement. Alternatively wait for: Free Chlorine Total Chlorine 1 minute or 2 minutes and 30 seconds or and then just press READ/TIMER . In both cases blinking dashes will appear during measurement.
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE TURBIDIMETER CALIBRATION HI 93414 has a powerful calibration function that compensates for lamp aging or changing. The calibration can be done using the suplied calibration solutions or user prepared standards. HI 93414 turbidimeter is supplied with 4 AMCO standards –<0.1 NTU, 15 NTU, 100 NTU and 750 NTU. The Hanna standards are specially designed for this instrument. Turbidity standards have a shelf life and should not be used after the expiration date.
TWO-POINT CALIBRATION • Turn the instrument ON by pressing ON/OFF. If you are not in turbidity range, first select the range. If you are in turbidity range, when dashes are displayed on the LCD, the instrument is ready. The current time appears on the secondary LCD, if selected in SETUP menu or “turb”, if the time is not displayed. • Enter calibration mode by pressing CAL/CHECK for 3 seconds. The display shows “CAL P.1”on the secondary LCD and no suggested value and “READ” tag will blink.
• Close the lid and press READ/TIMER . The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet, detectors and lamp will appear during measurement. • At the end of the measurement, the third calibration point (100 NTU) is displayed on the primary LCD and “CAL P.3” on the secondary LCD and “READ” tag will blink. • At this moment it is possible to exit calibration by pressing CAL/CHECK. The instrument will memorize the two-point calibration data and will return to measurement mode.
FOUR-POINT CALIBRATION To perform a four-point calibration, continue the procedure with the following steps: • Remove the third standard cuvet. • Place the 750 NTU standard cuvet (or the fourth prepared formazin standard) into the holder, with the cuvet mark aligned with the sign on the instrument top. • Close the lid and press READ/TIMER . The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet, detectors and lamp will appear during measurement.
• If the calculated calibration coefficients are outside a certain range the “CAL Err” message is displayed. CALIBRATION DELETION HI 93414 is factory calibrated. It is possible to restore factory calibration by deleting the last performed calibration. To delete last calibration, follow the next steps: • Enter the GLP feature by pressing RCL/GLP for three seconds. The date of the last calibration will be displayed on the LCD. • Press READ/TIMER to see the information related to calibration.
COLORIMETER CALIBRATION The HI 93414 free and total chlorine colorimeter has a powerful CAL CHECK function that allows the user to check the instrument calibration against a NIST traceable standard before making a set of measurements. With the same standard, the instrument could be re-calibrated, if necessary. Note: Free and total chlorine must be calibrated separately. Calibration of one range will not calibrate the other range.
• Remove the cuvet. • Place the CAL CHECK™ Standard cuvet B into the holder. Make sure that the mark on the glass is aligned with the mark on the instrument top. • Press CAL/CHECK. The LCD will display blinking dashes and the measuring icon during check measurement. After a few seconds the display will show the validation standard value. Note:The reading should be within specifications as reported on the CAL CHECK™ Standard Certificate.
• Press and hold CAL/CHECK for 3 seconds to enter calibration. The LCD will show “CAL” tag and the parameter for which the calibration is performed. • Place the CAL CHECK™ Standard Cuvet A into the holder and ensure that the mark on the cuvet is aligned with the mark on the instrument top. • Close the lid and press ZERO/AVG . The LCD will display blinking dashes and the measuring icon during zero measurement. At the end of the zero measurement, “-0.0-” is displayed. The “READ” tag will blink.
CALIBRATION ERROR MESSAGES • The calibration is successfully performed if the CAL CHECK™ readings is in certain limits. If the CAL CHECK™ standard value is too high, the display will show “-HI-” on the primary display and “Err” on the secondary display. If this message appears, check if the correct cuvet was used. • If the CAL CHECK™ standard value is too low, the display will show “-LO-” on the primary display and “Err” on the secondary display. If this message appears, check if the correct cuvet was used.
LOGGING HI 93414 has a logging memory of 200 records. The log memory is unique for all ranges. The records are stored in chronological order. With each measurement, the range, date, time, and tag ID are stored. In this way, each record is fully characterized and can be easily analyzed when downloading on the PC application (HI 92000). LOGGING The log function is active only after a valid measurement is obtained (no errors). • To log a value, press LOG/CFM when the measurement result is displayed.
VIEW LOGGED DATA The stored records can be viewed at any moment by pressing RCL/GLP. To return to normal measurement mode press RCL/GLP again. LOG SEARCHING The log records are stored in chronological order. The first displayed record is the last stored one. • Press UP or DOWN keys to scroll the log memory record by record. By keeping pressed the UP or DOWN keys, the scrolling speed will increase.
• Measurement date in YYYY.MM.DD format. • Measurement time in hh:mm format. • Delete the last record panel (only for last record). • Delete all records. DELETE LAST RECORD To log other values, the last record or all records have to be deleted. • To delete the last record, press SETUP/DEL while in delete last records panel. • The instrument asks for confirmation and if LOG/CFM is pressed, the last record is deleted. To abort the delete function, press READ/TIMER instead of LOG/CFM.
• The instrument asks for confirmation and if LOG/CFM is pressed, all records are deleted. To abort the delete function, press READ/TIMER instead of LOG/CFM. • After all records are deleted, dashes are displayed for one second on the LCD and the instrument returns to measurement mode. GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE (GLP) The GLP feature allows the user to view last calibration data. Also, the user calibration can be deleted. • Press and hold RCL/GLP for 3 seconds to enter/exit GLP data consulting.
• Third calibration point - only for turbidimeter range (if available). • Fourth calibration point - only for turbidimeter range (if available). • Delete calibration panel. To delete last calibration: • Press SETUP/DEL while in the delete calibration panel of the GLP. The user calibration will be deleted and the factory calibration will be restored. The instrument will enter automatically in measurement mode.
SETUP Setup mode allows viewing and modifying the instrument parameters. The blinking “CAL” tag during setup mode suggest to press CAL/CHECK for parameters editing. • To enter/exit SETUP, press SETUP/DEL. • To select the parameter to be edit, press UP or DOWN keys until the desired panel is displayed. Press UP or DOWN keys also to change the value of a parameter. • To start/stop editing a parameter, press CAL/ CHECK. • To save the new selected value of a parameter, press LOG/CFM.
SET BEEPER The HI 93414 has a built in beeper that signals the tag read, the key press and the error conditions. The beeper can be selected to be ON or OFF. • To set the beeper ON/OFF, press CAL/CHECK when set beeper panel is displayed. The beeper status and “CFM” tag will start blinking. • Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the beeper ON/OFF. • Press LOG/CFM to save the change. The new selected option will be displayed on the LCD. Alternatively, press CAL/CHECK to exit without saving the changes.
• To set the current date, press CAL/CHECK when set date panel is displayed. The date format is YYYY.MM.DD. The last two digits of the year value and “CFM” tag will start blinking. • Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the year value. • Press LOG/CFM or READ/TIMER to start editing the month value. The month value will start blinking. • Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the month value. • Press LOG/CFM or READ/TIMER to start editing the day value. The day value will start blinking.
• Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the hour value. • Press LOG/CFM or READ/TIMER to start editing the minutes. The minutes value will start blinking. • Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the minutes value. Note: To edit the hour again, after the minutes were edited, press READ/TIMER . • Press LOG/CFM to save the new time. The new set time will be displayed. Alternatively, press CAL/CHECK to exit without saving the changes.
SET BAUD RATE The HI 93414 has a RS232 and a USB link. When the USB connection is used, the RS232 connection becomes inactive. To successfully communicate with the PC, the same baud rate must be selected on the instrument and on the PC application. The available baud rates are 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600. • To set the baud rate, press CAL/CHECK when set baud rate panel is displayed. The parameter value and “CFM” tag will start blinking. • Press the UP or DOWN keys to select the new baud rate value.
TAG INSTALLATION The tag is housed in a rugged metal that can withstand harsh environments. However, it is better to protect the tag from direct rain. Place the tag near a sampling point. Fix it securely with the provided screws, in such a way that the metallic iButton® is easily accessible for reading the tag. The number of tags that can be installed is practically unlimited. Additional tags can be ordered (HI 920005 - five tag holders with tags).
BATTERIES MANAGEMENT For field measurements, HI 93414 is powered by 4 x 1.5V AA batteries. The battery life is enough for 1500 normal measurements. When the instrument is started, the remaining battery life is estimated and reported in percents. To preserve the battery it is better to use normal instead of averaged measurements. Continuous measurements keep the lamp on and should be used with caution if the battery life is an issue.
• Replace the cover and press it until it locks. • Turn the instrument ON. Warning: Replace batteries only in a non-hazardous area. USING AN AC ADAPTER The HI 93414 can be powered from the AC adapter when used in laboratory. See the Accessories section to select the correct AC adapter. To power the instrument, simply connect the AC adapter to the instrument (see page 10, “Connectors Description”). It is not necessary to turn the instrument off when connecting the external adapter.
PC INTERFACE To fully use the instrument tag identification system function, the measured data has to be downloaded to a computer. The instrument can use RS232 or USB connection to communicate with the PC. When using the RS232 protocol, simply connect a HI 920011 serial cable between the instrument and the computer. To use the USB protocol, simply connect a regular USB cable between instrument and PC. In both cases, the PC must run the HI 92000 application for successful data transfer.
ACCESSORIES REAGENT SETS HI 93414-11 CAL CHECKTM Calibration set for Free & Total Chlorine (1 set) HI 93701-01 Reagents for 100 Free Chlorine tests HI 93701-03 Reagents for 300 Free Chlorine tests HI 93703-58 Silicon oil (15 mL) HI 93711-01 Reagents for 100 Total Chlorine tests HI 93711-03 Reagents for 300 Total Chlorine tests HI 98703-11 Calibration set for turbidimeter(<0.
SALES AND TECHNICAL SERVICE CONTACTS Australia: Tel. (03) 9769.0666 • Fax (03) 9769.0699 China: Tel. (10) 88570068 • Fax (10) 88570060 Egypt: Tel. & Fax (02) 2758.683 Germany: Tel. (07851) 9129-0 • Fax (07851) 9129-99 Greece: Tel. (210) 823.5192 • Fax (210) 884.0210 Indonesia: Tel. (210) 4584.2941 • Fax (210) 4584.2942 Japan: Tel. (03) 3258.9565 • Fax (03) 3258.9567 Korea: Tel. (02) 2278.5147 • Fax (02) 2264.1729 Malaysia: Tel. (603) 5638.9940 • Fax (603) 5638.9829 Singapore: Tel. 6296.
