Cover HITACHI L100 Series Inverter Instruction Manual • Single-phase Input 200V Class • Three-phase Input 200V Class • Three-phase Input 400V Class Manual Number: NB576XC After reading this manual, keep it handy for future reference. Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd.
L100 Inverter Safety Messages For the best results with the L100 Series inverter, carefully read this manual and all of the warning labels attached to the inverter before installing and operating it, and follow the instructions exactly. Keep this manual handy for quick reference. Definitions and Symbols A safety instruction (message) includes a “Safety Alert Symbol” and a signal word or phrase such as WARNING or CAUTION.
ii General Precautions - Read These First! WARNING: This equipment should be installed, adjusted, and serviced by qualified electrical maintenance personnel familiar with the construction and operation of the equipment and the hazards involved. Failure to observe this precaution could result in bodily injury. WARNING: The user is responsible for ensuring that all driven machinery, drive train mechanism not supplied by Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd.
L100 Inverter WARNING: Rotating shafts and above-ground electrical potentials can be hazardous. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that all electrical work conform to the National Electrical Codes and local regulations. Installation, alignment and maintenance should be performed only by qualified personnel. Factory-recommended test procedures included in the instruction manual should be followed. Always disconnect electrical power before working on the unit.
iv Index to Warnings and Cautions in This Manual Installation - Cautions for Mounting Procedures CAUTION: The inverter is shipped with a plastic cover over the top vent grill. REMOVE this cover after the installation is complete. Operation with this cover in place will not allow proper cooling, and damage to the inverter may result. ....... 2–6 CAUTION: Be sure to install the unit on flame-resistant material such as a steel plate. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire. .......
L100 Inverter WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000 rms symmetrical amperes, 480 V maximum.” For models with suffix H. .... 2–13 HIGH VOLTAGE: Be sure to ground the unit. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire. .... 2–13 HIGH VOLTAGE: Wiring work shall be carried out only by qualified personnel. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire. ....
vi CAUTION: Remarks for using ground fault interrupter breakers in the main power supply: Adjustable frequency inverters with CE-filters (RFIfilter) and shielded (screened) motor cables have a higher leakage current toward Earth GND. Especially at the moment of switching ON this can cause an inadvertent trip of ground fault interrupters. Because of the rectifier on the input side of the inverter there is the possibility to stall the switch-off function through small amounts of DC current.
L100 Inverter Warnings for Configuring Drive Parameters WARNING: When parameter B_12, level of electronic thermal setting, is set to device FLA rating (Full Load Ampere nameplate rating), the device provides solid state motor overload protection at 115% of device FLA or equivalent. Parameter B_12, level of electronic thermal setting, is a variable parameter. .... 3–24 WARNING: Use a disconnect switch or breaker to ensure that you do not connect the motor or inverter to live wiring.
viii WARNING: During a trip event, if the alarm reset is applied and the Run command is present, the inverter will automatically restart. Be sure to apply the alarm reset only after verifying the Run command is OFF. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel. ....... 4–3 WARNING: Be sure not to touch the inside of the energized inverter or to put any conductive object into it. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire. .......
L100 Inverter Warnings and Cautions for Troubleshooting and Maintenance WARNING: Wait at least five (5) minutes after turning OFF the input power supply before performing maintenance or an inspection. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock. ...... 6–2 WARNING: Make sure that only qualified personnel will perform maintenance, inspection, and part replacement. Before starting to work, remove any metallic objects from your person (wristwatch, bracelet, etc.).
x CAUTION: Do not stop operation by switching OFF electromagnetic contactors on the primary or secondary sides of the inverter. Ground fault interrupter Power Input U, V, W L1, L2, L3 Motor Inverter P24 FW When there has been a sudden power failure while an operation instruction is active, then the unit may restart operation automatically after the power failure has ended.
L100 Inverter CAUTION: SUPPRESSION FOR NOISE INTERFERENCE FROM INVERTER The inverter uses many semiconductor switching elements such as transistors and IGBTs. Thus, a radio receiver or measuring instrument located near the inverter is susceptible to noise interference. To protect the instruments from erroneous operation due to noise interference, they should be used well away from the inverter. It is also effective to shield the whole inverter structure.
xii CAUTION: When the EEPROM error E08 occurs, be sure to confirm the setting values again.
xiii L100 Inverter Terminal Tightening Torque and Wire Size The wire size range and tightening torque for field wiring terminals are presented in the table below. Input Voltage 200V 400V Motor Output Inverter Model Wiring Size Range (AWG) kW HP 0.2 1/4 L100-002NFE/NFU 0.4 1/2 L100-004NFE/NFU 0.55 3/4 L100-005NFE 0.75 1 1.1 1 1/2 1.5 2 L100-015NFE/NFU 12 2.2 3 L100-022NFE/NFU 10 3.7 5 L100-037LFU 12 5.5 7 1/2 L100-055LFU 10 7.5 10 L100-075LFU 8 0.
xiv Circuit Breaker and Fuse Sizes The inverter’s connections to input power must include UL Listed inverse time circuit breakers with 600V rating, or UL Listed fuses as shown in the table below. Input Voltage 200V 400V Motor Output Inverter Model Fuse (A) (UL-rated, class J, 600V) kW HP 0.2 1/4 L100-002NFE/NFU 0.4 1/2 L100-004NFE/NFU 0.55 3/4 L100-005NFE 0.75 1 1.1 1 1/2 1.5 2 L100-015NFE/NFU 20 (single ph.) 15 (three ph.) 2.2 3 L100-022NFE/NFU 30 (single ph.) 20 (three ph.) 3.
xv L100 Inverter Table of Contents Safety Messages Hazardous High Voltage General Precautions - Read These First! Index to Warnings and Cautions in This Manual General Warnings and Cautions UL® Cautions, Warnings, and Instructions i ii iv ix xii Table of Contents Revisions Contact Information xvii xviii Chapter 1: Getting Started Introduction L100 Inverter Specifications Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives Frequently Asked Questions 1–2 1–5 1–17 1–22 Chapter 2: Inverter Mounting and Installati
xvi Chapter 4: Operations and Monitoring Introduction Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices Example Wiring Diagram Using Intelligent Input Terminals Using Intelligent Output Terminals Analog Input Operation Analog and Digital Monitor Output PID Loop Operation Configuring the Inverter for Multiple Motors 4–2 4–4 4–5 4–8 4–21 4–29 4–30 4–32 4–33 Chapter 5: Inverter System Accessories Introduction Component Descriptions Dynamic Braking 5–2 5–3 5–5 Chapter 6: Troubleshooting and Maintenance Troubleshooting M
L100 Inverter xvii Revisions Revision History Table No. Revision Comments Initial Release of Manual NB576X Date of Issue Operation Manual No.
xviii Contact Information Hitachi America, Ltd. Power and Industrial Division 50 Prospect Avenue Tarrytown, NY 10591 U.S.A. Phone: +1-914-631-0600 Fax: +1-914-631-3672 Hitachi Australia Ltd. Level 3, 82 Waterloo Road North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113 Australia Phone: +61-2-9888-4100 Fax: +61-2-9888-4188 Hitachi Europe GmbH Am Seestern 18 D-40547 Düsseldorf Germany Phone: +49-211-5283-0 Fax: +49-211-5283-649 Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co, Ltd.
Getting Started In This Chapter.... 1 page — Introduction ..................................................... 2 — L100 Inverter Specifications ............................ 5 — Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives .... 17 — Frequently Asked Questions .........................
1–2 Introduction Getting Started Introduction Main Features Congratulations on your purchase of an L100 Series Hitachi inverter! This inverter drive features state-of-the-art circuitry and components to provide high performance. The housing footprint is exceptionally small, given the size of the corresponding motor. The Hitachi L100 product line includes more than a dozen inverter models to cover motor sizes from 1/4 horsepower to 10 horsepower, in either 230 VAC or 460 VAC power input versions.
L100 Inverter 1–3 A full line of accessories from Hitachi is available to complete your application: • Dynamic braking unit • Radio noise filters, CE compliance filters, and EMI filters (shown below) • DIN rail mounting adapter (35mm rail size) EMI Filter Operator Interface Options The optional SRW-0EX digital operator / copy unit is shown to the right. It has the additional capability of reading (uploading) the parameter settings in the inverter into its memory.
1–4 Introduction Getting Started Inverter Specifications Label The Hitachi L100 inverters have product labels located on the right side of the housing, as pictured below. Be sure to verify that the specifications on the labels match your power source, motor, and application safety requirements.
1–5 L100 Inverter L100 Inverter Specifications The following tables are specific to L100 inverters for the 200V and 400V class model groups. Note that “General Specifications” on page 1–9 apply to both voltage class groups. Footnotes for all specifications tables follow the table below. Item L100 inverters, 200V models 200V Class Specifications CE version 002NFE 004NFE 005NFE 007NFE 011NFE UL version 002NFU 004NFU — 007NFU — kW 0.2 0.4 0.55 0.75 1.1 HP 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/2 0.5 1.
1–6 L100 Inverter Specifications Getting Started Footnotes for the preceding table and the tables that follow: Note 1: Note 2: The protection method conforms to JEM 1030. The applicable motor refers to Hitachi standard 3-phase motor (4-pole). When using other motors, care must be taken to prevent the rated motor current (50/ 60 Hz) from exceeding the rated output current of the inverter. Note 3: The output voltage decreases as the main supply voltage decreases (except when using the AVR function).
1–7 L100 Inverter L100 Inverter Specifications, continued... L100 inverters, 200V models 200V Class Specifications, continued CE version 015NFE 022NFE — — — UL version 015NFU 022NFU 037LFU 055LFU 075LFU kW 1.5 2.2 3.7 5.5 7.5 HP 2 3 5 7.5 10 2.9 4.1 6.3 9.6 12.
1–8 L100 Inverter Specifications Getting Started Item L100 inverters, 400V models 400V Class Specifications CE version 004HFE 007HFE 015HFE 022HFE UL version 004HFU 007HFU 015HFU 022HFU kW 0.4 0.75 1.5 2.2 HP 1/2 1 2 3 1.1 1.9 3.0 4.3 Applicable motor size *2 Rated capacity (460V) kVA *10 Rated input voltage 3-phase: 380 to 460V ±10%, 50/60 Hz ±5% Rated input current (A) 2.
1–9 L100 Inverter Item CE version 030HFE 040HFE 055HFE 075HFE UL version — 040HFU 055HFU 075HFU kW 3.0 4.0 5.5 7.5 HP 4 5 7.5 10 6.2 6.8 10.4 12.7 Applicable motor size *2 Rated capacity (460V) kVA *10 Rated input voltage 3-phase: 380 to 460V ±10%, 50/60 Hz ±5% Rated input current (A) 10.0 Rated output voltage *3 3-phase: 380 to 460V (corresponding to input voltage) Rated output current (A) 7.8 8.6 13 16 Efficiency at 100% rated output (%) 95.4 96.2 96.0 96.
1–10 L100 Inverter Specifications Getting Started Item Input signal General Specifications Freq.
1–11 L100 Inverter Derating Curves Use the following derating curves to help determine the optimal carrier frequency setting for your inverter, and to find the output current derating. Be sure to use the proper curve for your particular L100 inverter model number. Standard ratings at 40°C Legend: Ratings at 50°C max. with top cover removed Ratings at 55°C max. with top cover removed L100–002NFE/NFU 100% 95% 90% % of rated output current 85% 80% 75% 70% 0.
1–12 L100 Inverter Specifications Getting Started Derating curves, continued... L100–007NFE/NFU 100% 95% 90% % of rated output current 85% 80% 75% 70% 0.5 kHz 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Carrier frequency L100–0015NFE/NFU 100% 95% 90% % of rated output current 85% 80% 75% 70% 0.5 kHz 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Carrier frequency L100–022NFE/NFU 100% 95% 90% % of rated output current 85% 80% 75% 70% 0.
L100 Inverter 1–13 Derating curves, continued... Getting Started L100–037LF/LFU 100% 90% 80% % of rated output current 70% 60% 50% 40% 0.5 kHz 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Carrier frequency L100–055LFU 100% 95% 90% % of rated output current 85% 80% 75% 70% 0.5 kHz 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Carrier frequency L100–075LFU 100% 95% 90% % of rated output current 85% 80% 75% 70% 0.
1–14 L100 Inverter Specifications Getting Started Derating curves, continued... L100–004HFE/HFU 100% 90% 80% % of rated output current 70% 60% 50% 40% 0.5 kHz 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Carrier frequency L100–007HFE/HFU 100% 90% 80% % of rated output current 70% 60% 50% 40% 0.5 kHz 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Carrier frequency L100–015HFE/HFU 100% 90% 80% % of rated output current 70% 60% 50% 40% 0.
L100 Inverter 1–15 Derating curves, continued... Getting Started L100–022HFE/HFU 100% 90% 80% % of rated output current 70% 60% 50% 40% 0.5 kHz 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Carrier frequency L100–040HFE/HFU 100% 90% 80% % of rated output current 70% 60% 50% 40% 0.5 kHz 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Carrier frequency L100–055HFE/HFU 100% 95% 90% % of rated output current 85% 80% 75% 70% 0.
1–16 L100 Inverter Specifications Getting Started Derating curves, continued... L100–075HFE/HFU 100% 95% 90% % of rated output current 85% 80% 75% 70% 0.
L100 Inverter 1–17 Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives Hitachi inverters provide speed control for 3-phase AC induction motors. You connect AC power to the inverter, and connect the inverter to the motor.
1–18 Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives Getting Started Torque and Constant Volts/Hertz Operation In the past, AC variable speed drives used an open loop (scalar) technique to control speed. The constant-volts-per-hertz operation maintains a constant ratio between the applied voltage and the applied frequency. With these conditions, AC induction motors inherently delivered constant torque across the operating speed range. For some applications, this scalar technique was adequate.
L100 Inverter 1–19 Inverter Output to the Motor Notice the three connections to the motor do not include one marked “Neutral” or “Return.” The motor represents a balanced “Y” impedance to the inverter, so there is no need for a separate return. In other words, each of the three “Hot” connections serves also as a return for the other connections, because of their phase relationship. The Hitachi inverter is a rugged and reliable device.
1–20 Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives Getting Started Intelligent Functions and Parameters Much of this manual is devoted to describing how to use inverter functions and how to configure inverter parameters. The inverter is microprocessor-controlled, and has many independent functions. The microprocessor has an on-board EEPROM for parameter storage. The inverter’s front panel keypad provides access to all functions and parameters, which you can access through other devices as well.
L100 Inverter 1–21 Velocity Profiles Getting Started The L100 inverter is capable of sophisticated speed control. A graphical representation of Speed that capability will help you understand and configure the associated parameters. This manual makes use of the velocity profile 0 graph used in industry (shown at right). In the example, acceleration is a ramp to a set speed, and deceleration is a decline to a stop.
1–22 Frequently Asked Questions Getting Started Frequently Asked Questions Q. What is the main advantage in using an inverter to drive a motor, compared to alternative solutions? A. Q. The term “inverter” is a little confusing, since we also use “drive” and “amplifier” to describe the electronic unit that controls a motor. What does “inverter” mean? A. Q. Yes, sometimes an inverter can be used simply as a “soft-start” device, providing controlled acceleration and deceleration to a fixed speed.
L100 Inverter Q. Why doesn’t the motor have a neutral connection as a return to the inverter? A. Q. The motor theoretically represents a “balanced Y” load if all three stator windings have the same impedance. The Y connection allows each of the three wires to alternately serve as input or return on alternate half-cycles. Does the motor need a chassis ground connection? A. Q.
1–24 Frequently Asked Questions Q. How will I know if my application will require resistive braking? Getting Started A. Q. Several options related to electrical noise suppression are available for the Hitachi inverters. How can I know if my application will require any of these options? A. Q. For new applications, it may be difficult to tell before you actually test a motor/drive solution.
Inverter Mounting and Installation In This Chapter.... 2 page — Orientation to Inverter Features ...................... 2 — Basic System Description ............................... 5 — Step-by-Step Basic Installation........................ 6 — Powerup Test ................................................ 19 — Using the Front Panel Keypad ......................
2–2 Orientation to Inverter Features Orientation to Inverter Features Unpacking and Inspection Please take a few moments to unpack your new L100 inverter and perform these steps: 1. Look for any damage that may have occurred during shipping. 2. Verify the contents of the box include: a. One L100 inverter Inverter Mounting and Installation b. One Instruction Manual with self-adhesive label for the inverter c. One L100 Quick Reference Guide d. One packet of desiccant—discard (not for human consumption) 3.
L100 Inverter 2–3 2. Second-level access - Locate the lift tab at the right lower corner of the front panel near the safety warning message. Lift the corner to swing the half-door around to the left. This exposes four more control buttons and some connectors. The FUNC., 1 , 2 , and STR keys allow an operator to access and change the inverter’s functions and parameter values. The 7 and 8-position connectors provide the interface for logic-level control signals.
Inverter Mounting and Installation 2–4 Orientation to Inverter Features 3. Third-level access - First, ensure no power source of any kind is connected to the inverter. If power has been connected, wait five minutes after powerdown and verify the Power LED is OFF to proceed. Then locate the recessed retention screw on the left side main front panel (it is along the left hinge area on some models, or behind the first access door on others). Use a small screwdriver (Regular or Phillips) to loosen the screw.
L100 Inverter 2–5 Basic System Description A motor control system will obviously include a motor and inverter, as well as a breaker or fuses for safety. If you are connecting a motor to the inverter on a test bench just to get started, that’s all you may need for now. But a system can also have a variety of additional components. Some can be for noise suppression, while others may enhance the inverter’s braking performance.
2–6 Step-by-Step Basic Installation Inverter Mounting and Installation WARNING: In the cases below involving a general-purpose inverter, a large peak current can flow on the power supply side, sometimes destroying the converter module: 1.The unbalance factor of the power supply is 3% or higher. 2.The power supply capacity is at least 10 times greater than the inverter capacity (or the power supply capacity is 500 kVA or more). 3.Abrupt power supply changes are expected, due to conditions such as: a.
L100 Inverter 2–7 Choosing a Mounting Location 1 Step 1: Study the following caution messages associated with mounting the inverter. This is the time when mistakes are most likely to occur that will result in expensive rework, equipment damage, or personal injury. CAUTION: Be sure to install the unit on flame-resistant material such as a steel plate. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire. CAUTION: Be sure not to place any flammable materials near the inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.
2–8 Step-by-Step Basic Installation Ensure Adequate Ventilation 2 Step 2: To summarize the caution messages—you will need to find a solid, non-flammable, vertical surface that is in a relatively clean and dry environment. In order to ensure enough room for air circulation around the inverter to aid in cooling, maintain the specified clearance around the inverter specified in the diagram. Inverter Mounting and Installation Clear area 8 cm (3.15”) minimum 10 cm (3.
L100 Inverter 2–9 3. When installing the inverter in an enclosure, maintain the clearance around the inverter and verify that its ambient temperature is within specification when the enclosure door is closed. 4. Do not open the main front panel door at any time during operation. Check Inverter Dimensions Step 4: Locate the applicable drawing on the following pages for your inverter. Dimensions are given in millimeters (inches) format. -002NFU -004NFE -004NFU 5(0.20) 4(0.16) 2.5(0.10) 80(3.15) 7(0.
2–10 Step-by-Step Basic Installation Dimensional drawings, continued... 98(3.86) External Dimensions MODEL -004HFE -004HFU -005NFE -007NFE -007NFU 130(5.12) 118(4.65) L100 Inverter Mounting and Installation 5(0.20) 4(0.16) Ground Terminal 7(0.28) 110(4.33) 2.5(0.10) 129(5.08) 10(0.39) 5(0.20) 98(3.86) Air MODEL -007HFE(No fan) -007HFU(No fan) 130(5.12) -015HFE -015HFU 118(4.65) 5(0.20) 5(0.20) 4(0.16) 156(6.14) 7(0.28) 110(4.33) Ground Terminal FAN 6(0.
L100 Inverter 2–11 Dimensional drawings, continued... 140(5.51) 128(5.04) 180(7.09) 168(6.61) L100 -011NFE -015NFE -015NFU 7(0.28) Ground Terminal 3.5(0.14) 153(6.02) 10(0.39) 5(0.20) 140(5.51) 128(5.04) L100 -022NFE -022NFU Air 5(0.20) 164(6.46) 5(0.20) 7(0.28) -040HFE -040HFU 168(6.61) -030HFE -037LFU 180(7.08) -022HFE -022HFU FAN 6(0.24) Ground Terminal Air Inverter Mounting and Installation 5(0.
2–12 Step-by-Step Basic Installation Dimensional drawings, continued... L100 -055LFU -075LFU -055HFU -075HFU -055HFE -075HFE 182(7.17) 160(6.30) 257(10.12) 236(9.29) 7(0.28) Air Ground Terminal 170(6.69) 7(0.28) 7(0.28) 6(0.24) Inverter Mounting and Installation 1 Air NOTE: Model L100-075LFU has (2) fans. All other models in this housing have (1) fan.
L100 Inverter 2–13 Prepare for Wiring 5 Step 5: It is very important to perform the wiring steps carefully and correctly. Before proceeding, please study the caution and warning messages below. WARNING: “Use 60/75°C Cu wire only” or equivalent. WARNING: “Open Type Equipment.” WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000 rms symmetrical amperes, 480 V maximum.” For models with suffix H. HIGH VOLTAGE: Be sure to ground the unit.
2–14 Step-by-Step Basic Installation Determining Wire and Fuse Sizes The maximum motor currents in your application determines the recommended wire size. The following table gives the wire size in AWG. The “Power Lines” column applies to the inverter input power, output wires to the motor, the earth ground connection, and any other component shown in the “Basic System Description” on page 2–5.
L100 Inverter 2–15 Terminal Dimensions and Torque Specs The terminal screw dimensions for all L100 inverters are listed in table below. This information is useful in sizing spade lug or ring lug connectors for wire terminations. CAUTION: Fasten the screws with the specified fastening torque in the table below. Check for any loosening of screws. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.
2–16 Step-by-Step Basic Installation Please use the terminal arrangement below corresponding to your inverter model.
L100 Inverter 2–17 CAUTION: Be sure not to connect an AC power supply to the output terminals. Otherwise, there is the possibility of damage to the inverter and the danger of injury and/or fire. Power Input (L) (N) Power Output T1 T2 T3 L1 L2 N/L3 U V W NOTE: L, N: Single-phase 200 to 240V 50/60 Hz L1, L2, L3: Three-phase 200 to 230V 50/60 Hz Three-phase 380 to 460V 50/60 Hz CAUTION: Be sure to install a fuse for each phase of the main power supply to the inverter.
2–18 Step-by-Step Basic Installation Wire the Inverter Output to Motor 7 Step 7: The process of motor selection is beyond the scope of this manual. However, it must be an AC induction motor with three phases. It should also come with a chassis ground lug. If the motor does not have three power input leads, stop the installation and verify the motor type. Other guidelines for wiring the motor include: • Use an inverter-grade motor for maximum motor life (1600V insulation).
L100 Inverter 2–19 Uncover the Inverter Vents 8 Step 8: After mounting and wiring the inverter, remove any covers from the inverter housing. This includes material over the side ventilation ports. Remove the square cover panel at the top of the housing. WARNING: Make sure the input power to the inverter is OFF. If the drive has been powered, leave it OFF for five minutes before continuing. Powerup Test 9 Step 9: After wiring the inverter and motor, you’re ready to do a powerup test.
2–20 Powerup Test Pre-test and Operational Precautions The following instructions apply to the powerup test, or to any time the inverter is powered and operating. Please study the following instructions and messages before proceeding with the powerup test. 1. The power supply must have fusing suitable for the load. Check the fuse size chart presented in Step 5, if necessary. 2. Be sure you have access to a disconnect switch for the drive input power if necessary.
2–21 L100 Inverter Using the Front Panel Keypad Front Panel Introduction Please take a moment to familiarize yourself with the keypad layout shown in the figure below. These are the visible controls and indicators when the front panel door is closed. Power LED Parameter Display HITACHI Run/Stop LED 5 0.
2–22 Using the Front Panel Keypad • Parameter Display - A 4-digit, 7-segment display for parameters and function codes. • Display Units, Hertz/Amperes - One of these LEDs will be ON to indicate the units associated with the parameter display. • Power LED - This LED is ON when the power input to the inverter is ON. • Function Key - This key is used to navigate through the lists of parameters and functions for setting and monitoring parameter values.
2–23 L100 Inverter Keypad Navigational Map The L100 Series inverter drives have many programmable functions and parameters. Chapter 3 will cover these in detail, but you need to access just a few items to perform the powerup test. The menu structure makes use of function codes and parameter codes to allow programming and monitoring with only a 4-digit display and a few keys and LEDs. So, it is important to become familiar with the basic navigational map of parameters and functions in the diagram below.
2–24 Using the Front Panel Keypad Selecting Functions and Editing Parameters In order to run the motor for the powerup test, this section will show how to: • select the inverter’s maximum output frequency to the motor • select the keypad potentiometer as the source of motor speed command • select the keypad as the source of the RUN command Inverter Mounting and Installation • enable the RUN command The following series of programming tables are designed for successive use.
L100 Inverter 2–25 Select the Potentiometer for Speed Command - The motor speed may be controlled from the following sources: • Potentiometer on front panel keypad • Control terminals • Remote panel Then follow the steps in the table below to select the potentiometer for the speed command (the table resumes action from the end of the previous table). Display key twice. A 01 Func./Parameter Speed command source setting Press the 2 Press the FUNC. key.
2–26 Using the Front Panel Keypad Monitoring Parameters with the Display Inverter Mounting and Installation After using the keypad for parameter editing, it’s a good idea to switch the inverter from Program Mode to Monitor Mode and close the panel door (puts the keys for parameter editing out of sight). This will also turn out the PRG LED, and the Hertz or Ampere LED indicates the display units. HITACHI RUN PRG RUN POWER 5 0.
L100 Inverter 2–27 Powerup Test Observations and Summary Step 10: Reading this section will help you make some useful observations when first 10 running the motor. Error Codes - If the inverter displays an error code (format is “E x x”), see “Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions” on page 6–5 to interpret and clear the error. Acceleration and Deceleration - The L100 inverter has programmable acceleration and deceleration values. The test procedure left these at the default value, 10 seconds.
Configuring Drive Parameters In This Chapter.... 3 page — Choosing a Programming Device ................... 2 — Using Keypad Devices .................................... 3 — “D” Group: Monitoring Functions..................... 6 — “F” Group: Main Profile Parameters ................ 8 — “A” Group: Standard Functions ....................... 9 — “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions ................. 22 — “C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions......
3–2 Choosing a Programming Device Choosing a Programming Device Introduction Hitachi variable frequency drives (inverters) use the latest electronics technology for getting the right AC waveform to the motor at the right time. The benefits are many, including energy savings and higher machine output or productivity. The flexibility required to handle a broad range of applications has required ever more configurable options and parameters—inverters are now a complex industrial automation component.
L100 Inverter 3–3 Using Keypad Devices Inverter Front Panel Keypad The L100 Series inverter front keypad contains all the elements for both monitoring and programming parameters. The keypad layout is pictured below. All other programming devices for the inverter have a similar key arrangement and function. Power LED Parameter Display POWER HITACHI Run/Stop LED RUN Program/Monitor LED Run Key Enable LED PRG RUN 5 0.
3–4 Using Keypad Devices Keypad Navigational Map You can use the inverter’s front panel keypad to navigate to any parameter or function. The diagram below shows the basic navigational map to access these items. Monitor Mode Program Mode PRG LED=OFF Display Data 0 0 0.0 FUNC. 1 d 09 PRG LED=ON Select Parameter powerdown Select Function or Group Store as powerup default 1 C 91 1 1 2 Configuring Drive Parameters 1 1 FUNC. 1 1 1 FUNC. 1 2 3.4 F 04 2 FUNC.
3–5 L100 Inverter Operational Modes The RUN and PGM LEDs tell just part of the story; Run Mode and Program Modes are independent modes, not opposite modes. In the state diagram to the right, Run alternates with Stop, and Program Mode alternates with Monitor Mode. This is a very important ability, for it shows that a technician can approach a running machine and change some parameters without shutting down the machine.
3–6 “D” Group: Monitoring Functions “D” Group: Monitoring Functions Parameter Monitoring Functions You can access important system parameter values with the “D” Group monitoring functions, whether the inverter is in Run Mode or Stop Mode. After selecting the function code number for the parameter you want to monitor, press the Function key once to show the value on the display. In Functions D_05 and D_06, the intelligent terminals use individual segments of the display to show ON/OFF status.
L100 Inverter “D” Function Func. Code Name / SRW Display Description D_07 Scaled output frequency Displays the output frequency monitor scaled by the constant in B_86. Decimal point indicates range: /Hz01.0 0.00 XX.XX 0.01 to 99.99 XXX.X 100.0 to 999.9 XXXX. 1000 to 9999 XXXX 10000 to 99990 Run Mode Edit Range and Units — Hz 3–7 Trip Event and History Monitoring The trip event and history monitoring feature lets you cycle through related information using the keypad.
3–8 “F” Group: Main Profile Parameters “F” Group: Main Profile Parameters The basic frequency (speed) profile is Output defined by parameters contained in the “F” frequency F 02 F 03 Group as shown to the right. The set running frequency is in Hz, but acceleraF 01 tion and deceleration are specified in the time duration of the ramp (from zero to maximum frequency, or from maximum 0 frequency to zero). The motor direction t parameter determines whether the keypad Run key produces a FWD or REV command.
3–9 L100 Inverter “A” Group: Standard Functions Basic Parameter Settings These settings affect the most fundamental behavior of the inverter—the outputs to the motor. The frequency of the inverter’s AC output determines the motor speed. You may select from three different sources for the reference speed. During application development you may prefer using the potentiometer, but you may switch to an external source (control terminal setting) in the finished application, for example.
3–10 “A” Group: Standard Functions Analog Input Settings The inverter has the capability to accept an external analog input that can command the output frequency to the motor. Voltage input (0 –10V) and current input (4–20mA) are available on separate terminals ([O] and [OI], respectively). Terminal [L] serves as signal ground for the two analog inputs. The analog input settings adjust the curve characteristics between the analog input and the frequency output.
L100 Inverter “A” Function Func. Code Name / SRW Display Description A_16 External frequency filter time constant IN F-SAMP Range n = 1 to 8, where n = number of samples for avg.
3–12 “A” Group: Standard Functions Multi-speed and Jog Frequency Setting The L100 inverter has the capability to store and output up to 16 preset frequencies to the motor (A_20 to A_35). As in traditional motion terminology, we call this multispeed profile capability. These preset frequencies are selected by means of digital inputs to the inverter. The inverter applies the current acceleration or deceleration setting to change from the current output frequency to the new one.
3–13 L100 Inverter Torque Control Algorithms The inverter generates the motor output according to the V/f algorithm selected. Parameter A_44 selects the inverter algorithm for generating the frequency output, as shown in the diagram to the right. The factory default is 00 (constant torque). Inverter Torque Control Algorithms A44 V/f control, constant torque 00 Output Review the following description to help you choose the best torque control algorithm for your application.
3–14 “A” Group: Standard Functions Voltage Gain – Using parameter A_45 you can V modify the voltage gain of the inverter (see 100% graph at right). This is specified as a percentage of the full scale setting (Automatic Voltage Regulation) AVR level in parameter F_03. The 50% gain can be set from 50% to 100%. It should be adjusted in accordance with the motor specifi0 cations. Voltage Gain A 45 Hz The following table shows the methods of torque control selection. “A” Function Func.
L100 Inverter 3–15 DC Braking Settings The DC braking feature can provide + Running Free run DC braking additional stopping torque when compared to a normal deceleration to a stop. DC braking is particularly useful 0 at low speeds when normal decelerat tion torque is minimal. When you A 53 A 55 enable DC braking, the inverter injects – a DC voltage into the motor windings during deceleration below a frequency you can specify (A_52). The braking power (A_54) and duration (A_55) can both be set.
3–16 “A” Group: Standard Functions Frequency-related Functions Frequency Limits – Upper and lower Output limits can be imposed on the inverter frequency output frequency. These limits will apply regardless of the source of the speed refer- A 61 Upper limit ence. You can configure the lower frequency limit to be greater than zero as shown in the graph to the right. The upper Lower limit must not exceed the rating of the A 62 limit motor or capability of the machinery. 0 “A” Function Func.
L100 Inverter 3–17 Jump Frequencies – Some motors or machines exhibit resonances at particular speed(s), which can be destructive for prolonged running at those speeds. The inverter has up to three jump frequencies as shown in the graph.
3–18 “A” Group: Standard Functions PID Control When enabled, the built-in PID loop calculates an ideal inverter output value to cause a loop feedback process variable (PV) to move closer in value to the setpoint (SP). The current frequency command serves as the SP. The PID loop algorithm will read the analog input for the process variable (you specify the current or voltage input) and calculate the output.
L100 Inverter 3–19 Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) Function The automatic voltage regulation (AVR) feature keeps the inverter output waveform at a relatively constant amplitude during power input fluctuations. This can be useful if the installation is subject to input voltage fluctuations. However, the inverter cannot boost its motor output to a voltage higher than the power input voltage. If you enable this feature, be sure to select the proper voltage class setting for your motor. “A” Function Func.
3–20 “A” Group: Standard Functions Second Acceleration and Deceleration Functions The L100 inverter features two-stage acceleration and deceleration ramps. This gives flexibility in the profile shape. You can specify the frequency transition point, the point at which the standard acceleration (F_02) or deceleration (F_03) changes to the second acceleration (A_92) or deceleration (A_93). Select a transition frequency method via A_94 as depicted below.
L100 Inverter 3–21 Accel/Decel Standard acceleration and deceleration is linear. The inverter CPU can also calculate an S-curve acceleration or deceleration curve as shown. This profile is useful for favoring the load characteristics in particular applications. Output frequency Accel. curve selection Target freq. Curve settings for acceleration and deceleration are independently selected. To enable the S-curve, use function A_97 (acceleration) and A_98 (deceleration).
3–22 “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions The “B” Group of functions and parameters adjust some of the more subtle but useful aspects of motor control and system configuration. Automatic Restart Mode The restart mode determines how the inverter will resume operation after a fault causes a trip event. The four options provide advantages for various situations.
L100 Inverter “B” Function Func. Code Name / SRW Display B_01 Selection of restart mode IPS POWR ALM B_02 Allowable undervoltage power failure time IPS UVTIME 01.0s IPS WAIT 001.0s Defaults Run Mode Edit –FE (CE) –FU (UL) Select inverter restart method, four option codes: 00 ...Alarm output after trip, no automatic restart 01 ...Restart at 0Hz 02 ...Resume operation after frequency matching 03 ...Resume previous freq. after freq. matching, then decelerate to stop and display trip info.
3–24 “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions Electronic Thermal Overload Alarm Setting The thermal overload detection protects the Torque inverter and motor from overheating due to Constant torque B_13 = 01 100% an excessive load. It uses a current/inverse time curve to determine the trip point. 80% Reduced torque 60% First, use B_13 to select the torque characB_13 = 00 teristic that matches your load. This allows the inverter to utilize the best thermal 0 Hz overload characteristic for your application.
L100 Inverter 3–25 Overload Restriction If the inverter’s output current exceeds a preset current level you specify during acceleration or constant speed, the overload restriction feature automatically reduces the output frequency to restrict the overload. This feature does not generate an alarm or trip event. You can instruct the inverter to apply overload restriction only during constant speed, thus allowing higher currents for acceleration.
3–26 “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions Software Lock Mode The software lock function keeps personnel from accidentally changing parameters in the inverter memory. Use B_31 to select from various protection levels. Configuring Drive Parameters The table below lists all combinations of B_31 option codes and Run the ON/OFF state of the [SFT] input. Each Check ✔ or Ex ✘ Mode indicates whether the corresponding parameter(s) can be edited.
L100 Inverter “B” Function Func. Code Name / SRW Display B_31 Software lock mode selection S-LOCK MD1 Description Prevents parameter changes, in four options, option codes: 00 ...all parameters except B_31 are locked when [SFT] terminal is ON 01 ...all parameters except B_31 and output frequency F01 when SFT from terminal is ON 02 ...all parameters except B_31 are locked 03 ...
3–28 “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions Miscellaneous Settings The miscellaneous settings include scaling factors, initialization modes, and others. This section covers some of the most important settings you may need to configure. B_32: Reactive current setting – The inverter’s D_02 monitor function displays the motor current.
L100 Inverter 3–29 NOTE: When DC braking is performed, the inverter automatically holds the carrier frequency at 1 kHz. NOTE: The carrier frequency setting must stay within specified limits for invertermotor applications that must comply with particular regulatory agencies. For example, a European CE-approved application requires the inverter carrier to be less than 5 kHz. B_84, B_85: Initialization codes – These functions allow you to restore the factory default settings.
3–30 “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions “B” Function Func. Code Name / SRW Display /Hz01.0 0.00 B_87 STOP key enable STOP-SW –FE (CE) –FU (UL) Specify a constant to scale the displayed frequency for D_07 monitor, range is 0.1 to 99.9 ✘ 1.0 1.0 1.0 — Select whether the STOP key on the keypad is enabled, two option codes: 00 ...enabled 01 ...
L100 Inverter “B” Function Func. Code Name / SRW Display Description B_88 Restart mode after FRS RUN FRS Selects how the inverter resumes operation when the ZST free-run stop (FRS) is cancelled, two options: 00... Restart from 0Hz 01...
3–32 “C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions “C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions The five input terminals [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5] can be configured for any of fifteen different functions. The next two tables show how to configure the five terminals. The inputs are logical, in that they are either OFF or ON. We define these states as OFF=0, and ON=1. The inverter comes with default options for the five terminals. These default settings are initially unique, each one having its own setting.
L100 Inverter 3–33 The input logic convention is programmable for each of the five inputs. Most inputs default to normally open (active high), but you can select normally closed (active low) in order to invert the sense of the logic. “C” Function Defaults Run Mode Edit –FE (CE) –FU (UL) C_11 Terminal [1] active state Select logic convention, two option codes: IN-TM O/C-1 NO 00 ...normally open [NO] 01 ...
3–34 “C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions Input Function Summary Table – This table shows all fifteen intelligent input functions at a glance. Detailed descriptions of these functions, related parameters and settings, and example wiring diagrams are in “Using Intelligent Input Terminals” on page 4–8.
L100 Inverter 3–35 Input Function Summary Table Option Code Terminal Symbol 15 SFT 16 18 19 AT RS PTC Function Name Software Lock Description The keypad and remote programming devices are prevented from changing parameters OFF The parameters may be edited and stored Analog Input Voltage/current Select ON Terminal [OI] is enabled for current input (uses terminal L for power supply return) OFF Terminal [O] is enabled for voltage input (uses terminal [L] for power supply return) Reset Inve
3–36 “C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions Output Terminal Configuration The inverter provides configuration for logic (discrete) and analog outputs, shown in the table below. “C” Function Func.
L100 Inverter 3–37 Output Function Summary Table – This table shows all six functions for the logical outputs (terminals [11], [12]) at a glance. Detailed descriptions of these functions, related parameters and settings, and example wiring diagrams are in “Using Intelligent Output Terminals” on page 4–21.
3–38 “C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions Analog Function Summary Table – This table shows all three functions for the analog output [FM] (frequency meter) terminal. Detailed descriptions, related parameters and settings, and example wiring diagrams are in “Analog and Digital Monitor Output” on page 4–30.
L100 Inverter 3–39 Output Function Adjustment Parameters The following parameters work in Motor current conjunction with the intelligent output C 41 function, when configured. The overload level parameter (C_41) sets the motor 0 current level at which the overload signal [OL] turns ON. The range of settings is Overload signal 1 from 0% to 200% of the rated current for 0 the inverter.
3–40 “C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions “C” Function Func. Code Name / SRW Display C_43 Arrival frequency setting for deceleration ARV DEC 000.0Hz C_44 PID deviation level setting OV PID 003.0% C_91 Debug mode selection Configuring Drive Parameters INIT DEBG OFF Defaults Run Mode Edit –FE (CE) –FU (UL) Sets the frequency arrival setting threshold for the output frequency during deceleration ✘ 0.0 0.0 0.
Operations and Monitoring In This Chapter.... 4 page — Introduction ..................................................... 2 — Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices ......... 4 — Using Intelligent Input Terminals ..................... 8 — Using Intelligent Output Terminals ................ 21 — Analog Input Operation ................................. 29 — Analog and Digital Monitor Output ................ 30 — PID Loop Operation ......................................
4–2 Introduction Introduction The previous material in Chapter 3 gave a reference listing of all the programmable functions of the inverter. We suggest that you first scan through the listing of inverter functions to gain a general familiarity. This chapter will build on that knowledge in the following ways: 1. Related functions – Some parameters interact with or depend on the settings in other functions.
L100 Inverter 4–3 Warning Messages for Operating Procedures Before continuing, please read the following Warning messages. WARNING: Be sure to turn ON the input power supply only after closing the front case. While being energized, be sure not to open the front case. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock. WARNING: Be sure not to operate electrical equipment with wet hands. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.
4–4 Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices Hitachi inverters (drives) are useful in many types of applications. During installation, the inverter keypad (or other programming device) will facilitate the initial configuration. After installation, the inverter will generally receive its control commands through the control logic connector or serial interface from another controlling device.
4–5 L100 Inverter Example Wiring Diagram The schematic diagram below provides a general example of logic connector wiring, in addition to basic power and motor wiring covered in Chapter 2. The goal of this chapter is to help you determine the proper connections for the various terminals shown below for your specific application needs.
4–6 Example Wiring Diagram Specifications of Control and Logic Connections The control logic connectors are located just behind the front panel half-door. The relay contacts are accessible behind the main door. Connector labeling is shown below.
4–7 L100 Inverter Terminal Listing Use the following tables to locate pages for intelligent input and output material in this chapter.
4–8 Using Intelligent Input Terminals Using Intelligent Input Terminals Terminals [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5] are identical, programmable inputs for general use. The input circuits can use the inverter’s internal (isolated) +24V field supply (P24) to power the inputs. The input circuits are internally connected to the power supply ground. As the diagram shows, you can use a switch (or jumper) to activate an input terminal that has been configured.
L100 Inverter 4–9 Forward Run/Stop and Reverse Run/Stop Commands: When you input the Run command via the terminal [FW], the inverter executes the Forward Run command (high) or Stop command (low). When you input the Run command via the terminal [RV], the inverter executes the Reverse Run command (high) or Stop command (low).
4–10 Using Intelligent Input Terminals Multi-Speed Select The inverter can store up to 16 different target frequencies (speeds) that the motor output uses for steady-state run condition. These speeds are accessible through programming four of the intelligent terminals as binary-encoded inputs CF1 to CF4 per the table to the right. These can be any of the five inputs, and in any order. You can use fewer inputs if you need eight or fewer speeds.
L100 Inverter Option Code Terminal Symbol Valid for inputs: Required settings: Function Name Input State C_01, C_02, C_03, C_04, C_05 F_01, A_01 = 02, A_20 to A_35 Notes: • When programming the multi-speed settings, be sure to press the Store key each time and then set the next multi-speed setting. Note that when the key is not pressed, no data will be set.
4–12 Using Intelligent Input Terminals Jogging Command The Jog input [JG] is used to command the motor to rotate slowly in small increments for manual operation. The speed is limited to 10 Hz. The frequency for the jogging operation is set by parameter A_38. Jogging does not use an acceleration ramp, so we recommend setting the jogging frequency A_38 to 5 Hz or less to prevent tripping.
L100 Inverter 4–13 Two-stage Acceleration and Deceleration When terminal [2CH] is turned ON, the Output inverter changes the rate of acceleration and frequency deceleration from the initial settings (F_02 second and F_03) to use the second set of accelerainitial tion/deceleration values. When the terminal is turned OFF, the inverter is returned to the 1 [2CH] original acceleration and deceleration time 0 (F_02 acceleration time 1, and F_03 decelera- [FW], 1 [RV] 0 tion time 1).
4–14 Using Intelligent Input Terminals Free-run Stop When the terminal [FRS] is turned ON, the inverter stops the output and the motor enters the free-run state (coasting). If terminal [FRS] is turned OFF, the output resumes sending power to the motor if the Run command is still active. The free-run stop feature works with other parameters to provide flexibility in stopping and starting motor rotation.
4–15 L100 Inverter External Trip When the terminal [EXT] is turned ON, the inverter enters the trip state, indicates error code E12, and stops the output. This is a general purpose interrupt type feature, and the meaning of the error depends on what you connect to the [EXT] terminal. Even if the [EXT] input is turned OFF, the inverter remains in the trip state. You must reset the inverter or cycle power to clear the error, returning the inverter to the Stop Mode.
4–16 Using Intelligent Input Terminals Unattended Start Protection If the Run command is already set when power is turned ON, the inverter starts running immediately after powerup. The Unattended Start Protection (USP) function prevents that automatic startup, so that the inverter will not run without outside intervention.
L100 Inverter 4–17 Software Lock When the terminal [SFT] is turned ON, the data of all the parameters and functions (except the output frequency, depending on the setting of B_31) is locked (prohibited from editing). When the data is locked, the keypad keys cannot edit inverter parameters. To edit parameters again, turn OFF the [SFT] terminal input. Use parameter B_31 to select whether the output frequency is excluded from the lock state or is locked as well.
4–18 Using Intelligent Input Terminals Analog Input Current/Voltage Select The [AT] terminal selects whether the inverter uses the voltage [O] or current [OI] input terminals for external frequency control. When intelligent input [AT] is ON, you can set the output frequency by applying a current input signal at [OI]-[L]. When the [AT] input is OFF, you can apply a voltage input signal at [O]-[L] to set the output frequency.
L100 Inverter 4–19 Reset Inverter The [RS] terminal causes the inverter to execute the reset operation. If the inverter is in Trip Mode, the reset cancels the Trip state. [RS] When the signal [RS] is turned ON and OFF, the inverter executes the reset operation. The Alarm minimum pulse width for [RS] must be 12 ms signal or greater. The alarm output will be cleared within 30 ms after the onset of the Reset command. 12 ms minimum 1 0 approx.
4–20 Using Intelligent Input Terminals Thermistor Thermal Protection Motors that are equipped with a thermistor can be protected from overheating. Input terminal [5] has the unique ability to sense a thermistor resistance. When the resistance value of the thermistor connected to terminal [TH] (5) and [L] is more than 3 k Ohms ±10%, the inverter enters the Trip Mode, turns OFF the output to the motor, and indicates the trip status E35. Use this function to protect the motor from overheating.
4–21 L100 Inverter Using Intelligent Output Terminals The intelligent output terminals are programmable in a similar way to the intelligent input terminals. The inverter has several output functions that you can assign individually to three physical logic outputs. Two of the outputs are open-collector transistors, and the third output is the alarm relay (form C – normally open and normally closed contacts).
4–22 Using Intelligent Output Terminals Run Signal When the [RUN] signal is selected as an intelligent output terminal, the inverter outputs a signal on that terminal when it is in Run Mode. The output logic is active low, and is the open collector type (switch to ground). [FW], 1 [RV] 0 B 82 Output freq. start freq.
L100 Inverter 4–23 Frequency Arrival Signals The Frequency Arrival group of outputs help coordinate external systems with the current velocity profile of the inverter. As the name implies, output [FA1] turns ON when the output frequency arrives at the standard set frequency (parameter F_01). Output [FA2] relies on programmable accel/ decel thresholds for increased flexibility.
4–24 Using Intelligent Output Terminals Operations and Monitoring Frequency arrival output [FA1] uses the Output standard output frequency (parameter freq. F_01) as the threshold for switching. In the figure to the right, Frequency Arrival [FA1] turns ON when the output frequency gets within 0.5 Hz below or 1.5 Hz above the target constant 0 frequency. This provides hysteresis that prevents output chatter near the threshold FA1 value.
L100 Inverter 4–25 Overload Advance Notice Signal When the output current exceeds a preset value, the [OL] terminal signal turns ON. The parameter C_41 sets the overload threshold. The overload detection circuit operates during powered motor operation and during regenerative braking. The output circuits use open-collector transistors, and are active low.
4–26 Using Intelligent Output Terminals Output Deviation for PID Control The PID loop error is defined as the magnitude (absolute value) of the difference between the Setpoint (target value) and the Process Variable (actual value). When the error magnitude exceeds the preset value for C_44, the [OD] terminal signal turns ON. Refer to “PID Loop Operation” on page 4–32.
4–27 L100 Inverter Alarm Signal The inverter alarm signal is active when a fault has occurred and it is in the Trip Mode (refer to the diagram at right). When the fault is cleared the alarm signal becomes inactive. STOP RESET Run Stop RUN STOP RESET We must make a distinction between the alarm Fault Trip Fault signal AL and the alarm relay contacts [AL0], [AL1] and [AL2]. The signal AL is a logic function, which you can assign to the open collecAlarm signal active tor output terminals [11] or [12].
4–28 Using Intelligent Output Terminals The alarm output terminals are connected as shown below (left) by default. The contact logic can be inverted as shown (below right) by using the parameter setting C_33. The relay contacts normally open (N.O.) and normally closed (N.O.) convention uses “normal” to mean the inverter has power and is in Run or Stop Mode. The relay contacts switch to the opposite position when it is in Trip Mode or when input power is OFF. N.C.
L100 Inverter 4–29 Analog Input Operation The L100 inverters provide for analog input H O OI L FM CM2 12 11 to command the inverter frequency output +V Ref. value. The analog input terminal group includes the [L], [OI], [O], and [H] terminals Voltage input on the control connector, which provide for Current input Voltage [O] or Current [OI] input. All analog input signals must use the analog ground [L].
4–30 Analog and Digital Monitor Output Analog and Digital Monitor Output In the system design for inverter applications it is useful to monitor the inverter operation from a remote location. In some cases, this requires only a panel-mounted analog meter (moving-coil type). In other cases, a controller device such as a PLC may command the inverter frequency and other functions.
L100 Inverter 4–31 TIP: When using the analog meter for monitoring, adjust the meter so it has a zero reading when the [FM] output is zero. Then use scale factor B_81 to adjust the [FM] output so the maximum frequency in the inverter corresponds to a full-scale reading on the meter. The following accuracy notes apply for PWM monitor outputs: • The monitor accuracy for frequency monitoring after adjustment is about ±5%. Depending on the motor, the accuracy may exceed this value.
4–32 PID Loop Operation PID Loop Operation In standard operation, the inverter uses a reference source selected by parameter A_01 for the output frequency, which may be a fixed value (F_01), a variable set by the front panel potentiometer, or value from an analog input (voltage or current). To enable PID operation, set A_71 = 01. This causes the inverter to calculate the target frequency, or setpoint. A calculated target frequency can have a lot of advantages.
L100 Inverter 4–33 Configuring the Inverter for Multiple Motors Simultaneous Connections For some applications, you may need to connect two or more motors (wired in parallel) to a single inverter’s output. For example, this is common in conveyor applications where two separate conveyors need to have approximately the same speed. The use of two motors may be less expensive than making the mechanical link for one motor to drive multiple conveyors.
Inverter System Accessories In This Chapter.... 5 page — Introduction ..................................................... 2 — Component Descriptions................................. 3 — Dynamic Braking .............................................
5–2 Introduction Introduction A motor control system will obviously include a motor and inverter, as well as fuses for safety. If you are connecting a motor to the inverter on a test bench just to get started, that’s all you may need for now. But a fully developed system can also have a variety of additional components. Some can be for noise suppression, while others may enhance the inverter’s braking performance.
L100 Inverter 5–3 Component Descriptions AC Reactors, Input Side This is useful in suppressing harmonics induced on the power supply lines, or when the main power voltage imbalance exceeds 3% (and power source capacity is more than 500 kVA), or to smooth out line fluctuations. It also improves the power factor.
5–4 Component Descriptions Zero-phase Reactor (RF Noise Filter) The zero-phase reactor helps reduce radiated noise from the inverter wiring. It can be used on the input or output side of the inverter. The example zero-phase reactor shown to the right comes with a mounting bracket. The wiring must go through the opening to reduce the RF component of the electrical noise. Loop the wires three times (four turns) to attain the full RF filtering effect.
5–5 L100 Inverter Dynamic Braking Introduction The purpose of dynamic braking is to improve the ability of the inverter to stop (decelerate) the motor and load.
5–6 Dynamic Braking Use one BRD–E2 braking unit for the braking torque listed in the following table. Note the column meanings in the tables: • Column “A” = Average braking torque from 60 Hz to 3 Hz.
5–7 L100 Inverter 400V Class Inverters – The following tables specify the braking options for 400V class L100 inverters and the braking torque for each Inverter option. You can connect a single braking unit to the inverter, or two braking units for + additional braking torque. – Use one BRD–EZ2 braking unit for the braking torque listed in the following table.
Troubleshooting and Maintenance In This Chapter.... 6 page — Troubleshooting............................................... 2 — Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions . 5 — Restoring Factory Default Settings ................. 8 — Maintenance and Inspection ........................... 9 — Warranty........................................................
Troubleshooting and Maintenance 6–2 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Safety Messages Please read the following safety messages before troubleshooting or performing maintenance on the inverter and motor system. WARNING: Wait at least five (5) minutes after turning OFF the input power supply before performing maintenance or an inspection. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock. WARNING: Make sure that only qualified personnel will perform maintenance, inspection, and part replacement.
L100 Inverter 6–3 Troubleshooting Tips Symptom/condition Probable Cause Solution • Is the frequency command source • Make sure the parameter A_01 parameter setting correct? • Is the Run command source A_02 parameter setting correct? setting A_01 is correct. • Make sure the parameter setting A_02 is correct. • Is power being supplied to termi- • Check terminals [L1], [L2], nals [L1], [L2], and [L3/N]? If so, the POWER lamp should be ON.
6–4 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting and Maintenance Symptom/condition Probable Cause • If using the analog input, is the current or voltage at [O] or [OI]? Solution • Check the wiring. • Check the potentiometer or signal generating device. • Is the load too heavy? The motor speed will not reach the target frequency (desired speed). overload restriction feature (reduces output as needed).
L100 Inverter 6–5 Fault Detection and Clearing The microprocessor in the inverter detects a variety STOP RESET of fault conditions and captures the event, recordRun Stop ing it in a history table. The inverter output turns RUN OFF, or “trips” similar to the way a circuit breaker STOP trips due to an over-current condition. Most faults RESET Fault occur when the motor is running (refer to the Trip Fault diagram to the right). However, the inverter could have an internal fault and trip in Stop Mode.
Troubleshooting and Maintenance 6–6 Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions Error Code Name Cause(s) E1 2 External trip A signal on an intelligent input terminal configured as EXT has occurred. The inverter trips and turns OFF the output to the motor. E1 3 USP When the Unattended Start Protection (USP) is enabled, an error occurred when power is applied while a Run signal is present. The inverter trips and does not go into Run Mode until the error is cleared.
6–7 L100 Inverter Trip History and Inverter Status The following Monitor Menu map shows how to access the error codes. When fault(s) exist, you can review their details by first selecting the proper function: D_08 displays current trip data, and D_09 displays trip history. 2 Monitor Menu 2 d 08 1 d 01 2 1 FUNC. Error exists? No Current Trip Conditions Yes E 09 FUNC. Trip History Error(n-1) exists? No No history Yes Error Code FUNC. 1 0.
Troubleshooting and Maintenance 6–8 Restoring Factory Default Settings Restoring Factory Default Settings You can restore all inverter parameters to the original factory (default) settings for the intended country of use. After initializing the inverter, use the powerup test in Chapter 2 to get the motor running again. To initialize the inverter, follow the steps below. No. Action Display Func.
L100 Inverter 6–9 Monthly and Yearly Inspection Chart Inspection Cycle Item Inspected Check for... Month Control circuit Criteria Ambient environment Extreme temperatures & humidity ✔ Thermometer, hygrometer Ambient temperature between -10 to 40°C, non-condensing Major devices Abnormal noise & vib.
6–10 Maintenance and Inspection Troubleshooting and Maintenance Megger Test The megger is a piece of test equipment that uses a high voltage to determine if an insulation degradation has occurred. For inverters, it is important that the power terminals be isolated from the Earth GND terminal via the proper amount of insulation. The circuit diagram below shows the inverter wiring for performing the megger test. Just follow the steps to perform the test: 1.
6–11 L100 Inverter Spare parts Quantity Part description Symbol Notes Used Spare Cooling fan FAN 1 1 022NF, 037LF, 015HF to 075HF Case CV 1 1 • • • • Front case Key cover Case Bottom cover Capacitor Life Curve The DC bus inside the inverter uses a large capacitor as shown in the diagram below. The capacitor handles high voltage and current as it smooths the power for use by the inverter. So, any degradation of the capacitor will affect the performance of the inverter.
6–12 Maintenance and Inspection Troubleshooting and Maintenance General Inverter Electrical Measurements The following table specifies how to measure key system electrical parameters. The diagrams on the next page show inverter-motor systems and the location of measurement points for these parameters.
L100 Inverter 6–13 Single-phase Measurement Diagram L1 I1 L1 U EU-V INVERTER E1 W1 V T1 I1 T2 I1 EU-V N N W W01 MOTOR W02 T3 I1 EU-V Three-phase Measurement Diagram L1 I1 L1 E1 L2 L2 N E1 EU-V T2 EU-V W W01 I1 W02 L3 I3 V T1 I1 W01 INVERTER I2 E1 U W02 T3 I1 EU-V MOTOR Troubleshooting and Maintenance The figures below show measurement locations for voltage, current, and power measurements listed in the table on the previous page.
6–14 Maintenance and Inspection Troubleshooting and Maintenance Inverter Output Voltage Measurement Techniques Taking voltage measurements around drives equipment requires the right equipment and a safe approach. You are working with high voltages and high-frequency switching waveforms that are not pure sinusoids. Digital voltmeters will not usually produce reliable readings for these waveforms. And, it is usually risky to connect high voltage signals to oscilloscopes.
6–15 L100 Inverter IGBT Test Method 1. Disconnect input power to terminals [R, S, and T] and motor terminals [U, V, and W]. 2. Disconnect any wires from terminals [+] and [–] for regenerative braking. 3. Use a Digital Volt Meter (DVM) and set it for 1Ω resistance range. You can check the status of the charging state of terminals [R, S, T, U, V, W, +, and –] of the inverter and the probe of the DVM by measuring the charging state.
Troubleshooting and Maintenance 6–16 Warranty Warranty Warranty Terms The warranty period under normal installation and handling conditions shall be two (2) years from the date of manufacture (“DATE” on product nameplate), or one (1) year from the date of installation, whichever occurs first. The warranty shall cover the repair or replacement, at Hitachi's sole discretion, of ONLY the inverter that was installed. 1.
Glossary and Bibliography In This Appendix.... A page — Glossary .......................................................... 2 — Bibliography ....................................................
A–2 Glossary Appendix A Glossary Ambient Temperature The air temperature in the chamber containing a powered electronic unit. A unit’s heat sinks rely on a lower ambient temperature in order to dissipate heat away from sensitive electronics. Arrival Frequency The arrival frequency refers to the set output frequency of the inverter for the constant speed setting. The arrival frequency feature turns on an output when the inverter reaches the set constant speed.
L100 Inverter A–3 The inverter DC braking feature stops the AC commutation to the motor, and sends a DC current through the motor windings in order to stop the motor. Also called “DC injection braking,” it has little effect at high speed, and is used as the motor is nearing a stop. Deadband In a control system, the range of input change for which there is no perceptible change in the output. In PID loops, the error term may have a dead band associated with it.
A–4 Glossary While frequency has a broad meaning in electronics, it typically refers to motor speed for variable-frequency drives (inverters). This is because the output frequency of the inverter is variable, and is proportional to the attained motor speed. For example, a motor with a base frequency of 60 Hz can be speed controlled with an inverter output varying form 0 to 60 Hz. See also Base Frequency, Carrier Frequency, and Slip.
L100 Inverter A–5 A jump frequency is a point on the inverter output frequency range that you want the inverter to skip around. This feature may be used to avoid a resonant frequency, and you can program up to three jump frequencies in the inverter. Line Reactor A three-phase inductor generally installed in the AC input circuit of an inverter to minimize harmonics and to limit short-circuit current. Momentum The physical property of a body in motion that causes it to remain in motion.
Appendix A A–6 Glossary PWM Pulse-width modulation: A type of AC adjustable frequency drive that accomplishes frequency and voltage control at the output section (inverter) of the drive. The drive output voltage waveform is at a constant amplitude, and by “chopping” the waveform (pulsewidth-modulating), the average voltage is controlled. The chopping frequency is sometimes called the Carrier Frequency. Reactance The impedance of inductors and capacitors has two components.
L100 Inverter A–7 An AC power source consisting of Hot and Neutral wires. An Earth Ground connection usually accompanies them. In theory, the voltage potential on Neutral stays at or near Earth Ground, while Hot varies sinusoidally above and below Neutral. This power source is named Single Phase to differentiate it from three-phase power sources. Some Hitachi inverters can accept single phase input power, but they all output three-phase power to the motor. See also Three-phase.
Appendix A A–8 Bibliography Torque The rotational force exerted by a motor shaft. The units of measurement consist of the distance (radius from shaft center axis) and force (weight) applied at that distance. Units are usually given as pound-feet, ounce-inches, or Newton-meters. Transistor A solid state, three-terminal device that provides amplification of signals and can be used for switching and control. While transistors have a linear operating range, inverters use them as high-powered switches.
Drive Parameter Settings Tables In This Appendix.... B page — Introduction ..................................................... 2 — Parameter Settings for Keypad Entry..............
B–2 Introduction Introduction This appendix lists the user-programmable parameters for the L100 series inverters and the default values for European and U.S. product types. The right-most column of the tables is blank, so you can record values you have changed from the default. This involves just a few parameters for most applications. This appendix presents the parameters in a format oriented toward the keypad on the inverter.
L100 Inverter B–3 Standard Functions “A” Group Parameters Func. Code Name Default Setting -FE (Europe) -FU (USA) –FR (Japan) Frequency source setting 01 01 00 A_02 Run command source setting 01 01 02 A_03 Base frequency setting 50.0 60.0 60.0 A_04 Maximum frequency setting 50.0 60.0 60.
B–4 Parameter Settings for Keypad Entry “A” Group Parameters Appendix B Func. Code Name Default Setting -FE (Europe) -FU (USA) –FR (Japan) A_39 Jog stop mode 00 00 00 A_41 Torque boost method selection 00 00 00 A_42 Manual torque boost value 11 11 11 A_43 Manual torque boost frequency adjustment 10.0 10.0 10.0 A_44 V/f characteristic curve selection 00 00 00 A_45 V/f gain setting 100 100 100 A_51 DC braking enable 00 00 00 A_52 DC braking frequency setting 0.
L100 Inverter “A” Group Parameters Func. Code Name B–5 Default Setting -FE (Europe) -FU (USA) –FR (Japan) A_95 Acc1 to Acc2 frequency transition point 0.0 0.0 0.0 A_96 Dec1 to Dec2 frequency transition point 0.0 0.0 0.
B–6 Parameter Settings for Keypad Entry Fine Tuning Functions “B” Group Parameters Appendix B Func. Code Name Default Setting -FE (Europe) -FU (USA) –FR (Japan) B_01 Selection of automatic restart mode 00 00 00 B_02 Allowable under-voltage power failure time 1.0 1.0 1.0 B_03 Retry wait time before motor restart 1.0 1.0 1.
L100 Inverter B–7 Intelligent Terminal Functions “C” Group Parameters Func.
CE–EMC Installation Guidelines In This Appendix.... C page — CE–EMC Installation Guidelines ..................... 2 — Hitachi EMC Recommendations .....................
C–2 CE–EMC Installation Guidelines CE–EMC Installation Guidelines You are required to satisfy the EMC directive (89/336/EEC) when using an L100 inverter in an EU country. To satisfy the EMC directive and to comply with standard, follow the guidelines in this section. 1. As user you must ensure that the HF (high frequency) impedance between adjustable frequency inverter, filter, and ground is as small as possible.
L100 Inverter C–3 4. Take measures to minimize interference that is frequently coupled in through installation cables. • Separate interfering cables with 0.25m minimum from cables susceptible to interference. A particularly critical point is laying parallel cables over longer distances. If two cables intersect (one crosses over the other), the interference is smallest if they intersect at an angle of 90°.
C–4 CE–EMC Installation Guidelines Appendix C L100 inverter with footprint-type filter L3 L1 L2 PE M 3~
L100 Inverter C–5 L100 inverter with book-type filter Appendix C L3 L1 L2 PE M 3~
C–6 Hitachi EMC Recommendations Hitachi EMC Recommendations WARNING: This equipment should be installed, adjusted, and serviced by qualified personal familiar with construction and operation of the equipment and the hazards involved. Failure to observe this precaution could result in bodily injury. Use the following checklist to ensure the inverter is within proper operating ranges and conditions. 1.
Index A A Group functions 3–9 AC reactors 5–3 Acceleration 1–21, 3–8 characteristic curves 3–21 second function 3–20 two-stage 4–13 Access levels 3–5, 3–26, 4–17 Access to terminals 2–2 Accessories 5–2 Air flow 2–8 Alarm signal 4–27 Algorithms, torque control 3–5 Ambient temperature 2–8, A–2 Analog input settings 3–10 Analog inputs current/voltage select 4–18 operation 4–29 wiring examples 4–29 Analog outputs configuration 3–38 FM type 4–31 operation 4–30 PWM type 4–30 Arrival frequency A–2 Automatic resta
Index–2 D D Group parameters 3–6 DC braking 3–15, 4–12, A–3 DC link choke 5–4 Deadband A–3 Deceleration 1–21, 3–8, 4–12 characteristic curves 3–21 second function 3–20 two-stage 4–13 Default parameter values B–2 Default settings restoring 6–8 Derating curves 1–11 Derivative gain 3–18 Digital operator 2–21, 3–3 Digital operator panel A–3 Digital operators 1–3 Dimensions inverter 2–9 terminals 2–15 Diode A–3 Duty cycle A–3 Dynamic braking 1–20, 5–5, A–3 usage 5–5 E Editing parameters 2–21, 2–24 in Run Mode 3
L100 Inverter I IGBT 1–17, A–4 test method 6–15 Index of terminal functions 4–7 Inertia A–4 Initialization 6–8 Initialization codes 3–29 Input circuits 4–8 Input terminals 2–15 Inspection electrical measurements 6–12 IGBT test method 6–15 measurement techniques 6–14 procedures 6–9 unpacking 2–2 Installation instructions 2–6 Insulation test 6–10 Integral gain 3–18 Intelligent input terminals 3–32, 4–8 Intelligent output terminals 3–36, 4–21 Intelligent terminal A–4 Intelligent terminal functions 3–32 Intell
Index–4 O Open-collector outputs 4–21, A–5 Operational modes 3–5 Operator interfaces 1–3 Optional components 2–5 Options 1–2 Output adjustment parameters 3–39 Output circuits 4–21 Output deviation for PID control 4–26 Output frequency 3–8 Output overload 3–25 Output terminals 2–18 Overload advance notice signal 4–25 Overload restriction 3–25 P Parameter editing 2–21, 2–24 Parameter settings tables B–2 Parameters 1–20, 2–22 PID loop 1–24, A–5 operation 4–32 output deviation 4–26 settings 3–18 PLC, connectin
L100 Inverter Specifications derating curves 1–11 general 1–9 inverter 1–5 label 1–4, 2–3 logic signals 4–6 Speed control 1–17, 1–21, 4–10 Speed pot 2–25 Squirrel cage A–7 Standard functions 3–9 Stator A–7 Stop command 4–9 Supply wiring 2–15 Switching frequency 3–28 Symbol definitions i System description 2–5 T Tachometer A–7 Technical support xviii Term definitions A–2 Terminal listing 4–7 Thermal overload 3–24 Thermal protection 4–20 Thermal switch A–7 Thermistor A–7 Thermistor input 4–20 Three-phase pow
