X200 Series Inverter Instruction Manual • Single-phase Input 200V class • Three-phase Input 200V class • Three-phase Input 400V class Manual Number: NT301X March 2007 After read this manual, Keep it handy for future reference. Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd.
i Safety Messages For the best results with the X200 Series inverter, carefully read this manual and all of the warning labels attached to the inverter before installing and operating it, and follow the instructions exactly. Keep this manual handy for quick reference. Definitions and Symbols A safety instruction (message) includes a “Safety Alert Symbol” and a signal word or phrase such as WARNING or CAUTION. Each signal word has the following meaning: HIGH VOLTAGE: This symbol indicates high voltage.
ii General Precautions – Read These First! WARNING: This equipment should be installed, adjusted, and serviced by qualified electrical maintenance personnel familiar with the construction and operation of the equipment and the hazards involved. Failure to observe this precaution could result in bodily injury. WARNING: The user is responsible for ensuring that all driven machinery, drive train mechanism not supplied by Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd.
iii WARNING: Rotating shafts and above-ground electrical potentials can be hazardous. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that all electrical work conform to the National Electrical Codes and local regulations. Installation, alignment and maintenance should be performed only by qualified personnel. CAUTION: a) Class I motor must be connected to earth ground via low resistive path (<0.1Ω) b) Any motor used must be of a suitable rating. c) Motors may have hazardous moving path.
iv Index to Warnings and Cautions in This Manual iv Cautions and Warnings for Orientation and Mounting Procedures HIGH VOLTAGE: Hazard of electrical shock. Disconnect incoming power before working on this control. Wait five (5) minutes before removing the front cover. …2-3 HIGH VOLTAGE:Hazard of electrical shock. Never touch the naked PCB …2-4 (printed circuit board) portions while the unit is powered up. Even for switch portion, the inverter must be powered OFF before you change.
vi Wiring – Warnings for Electrical Practice and Wire Specifications WARNING: “USE 60/75°C Cu wire only” or equivalent. …2-16 WARNING: “Open Type Equipment.” …2-16 WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000 rms symmetrical amperes, 240V maximum.” For models with suffix S or L. …2-16 CAUTION: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000 rms symmetrical amperes, 480V maximum.” For models with suffix H.
vi Wiring – Cautions for Electrical Practice CAUTION: Fasten the screws with the specified fastening torque in the table below. Check for any loosening of screws. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire. … 2-18 CAUTION: Be sure that the input voltage matches the inverter specifications; • Single phase 200V to 240V 50/60Hz (up to 2.2kW) for SFE model • Single/Three phase 200V to 240V 50/60Hz (up to 2.2kW) for NFU model • Three phase 200V to 240V 50/60Hz (3.
vii CAUTION: Remarks for using ground fault interrupter breakers in the main power supply: Adjustable frequency inverter with integrated CE-filters and shielded (screened) motor cables have a higher leakage current toward earth GND. Especially at the moment of switching ON this can cause an inadvertent trip of ground fault interrupters. Because of the rectifier on the input side of the inverter there is the possibility to stall the switch-off function through small amounts of DC current.
viii Warnings for Configuring Drive Parameters WARNING: When parameter B012, level of electronic thermal setting, is set to motor FLA rating (Full Load Ampere nameplate rating), the inverter provides solid state motor overload protection at 115% of motor FLA or equivalent. If parameter B012 exceeds the motor FLA rating, the motor may overheat and damaged. Parameter B012, level of electronic thermal setting, is a variable parameter.
ix WARNING: Be sure not to touch the inside of the energized inverter or to put any conductive object into it. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire. … 4-3 WARNING: If power is turned ON when the Run command is already active, the motor will automatically start and injury may result. Before turning ON the power, confirm that the RUN command is not present.
x Warnings and Cautions for Troubleshooting and Maintenance WARNING: Wait at least five (5) minutes after turning OFF the input power supply before performing maintenance or an inspection. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock. … 6-2 WARNING: Make sure that only qualified personnel will perform maintenance, inspection, and part replacement. Before starting to work, remove any metallic objects from your person (wristwatch, bracelet, etc.). Be sure to use tools with insulated handles.
xi CAUTION: Do not stop operation by switching OFF electromagnetic contactors on the primary or secondary side of the inverter. Ground fault interrupter Inverter Power Input L1, L2, L3 U, V, W Motor PCS FW When there has been a sudden power failure while an operation instruction is active, then the unit may restart operation automatically after the power failure has ended.
xii CAUTION: EFFECTS OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ON INVERTER In the case below involving a general-purpose inverter, a large peak current can flow on the power supply side, sometimes destroying the converter module: 1. The unbalance factor of the power supply is 3% or higher. 2. the power supply capacity is at least 10 times greater than the inverter capacity (or the power supply capacity is 500kVA or more). 3. Abrupt power supply changes are expected, due to conditions such as: a.
xiii CAUTION: When the EEPROM error E08 occurs, be sure to confirm the setting values again.
xiv Terminal Tightening Torque and Wire Size The wire size range and tightening torque for field wiring terminals are presented in the tables below. Input Voltage 200V Class 400V Class Motor Output Inverter Model kW HP 0.2 0.4 0.55 0.75 1.1 1.5 2.2 3.7 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/2 2 3 5 X200-002SFE/NFU X200-004SFE/NFU X200-005SFE X200-007SFE/NFU X200-011SFE X200-015SFE/NFU X200-022SFE/NFU X200-037LFU 0.4 0.75 1.5 2.2 3.0 4.
xv Circuit Breaker and Fuse Sizes The inverter’s connections to input power for 400V class units must include UL Listed inverse time circuit breakers with 600V rating, or UL Listed fuses as shown in the table below. Input Voltage ThreePhase 400V Motor Output kW HP 0.4 1/2 0.75 1 1.5 2 2.2 3 3.0 4 4.
xvi Table of Contents Safety Messages Hazardous High Voltage...............................................................................................................i General Precautions – Read These First! ................................................................................. ii Index to Warnings and Cautions in This Manual ................................................................... iii General Warnings and Cautions.................................................................
xvii Chapter 4: Operations and Monitoring Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4-2 Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices ................................................................................ 4-4 Control Logic Signal Specifications ....................................................................................... 4-6 Intelligent Terminal Listing ................................................
xviii Revisions Revision History Table No. Revision Comments Date of Issue Initial release of manual NT301X This manual is valid with QRG (NT3011X) and Caution (NTZ301X) March 2007 Operation Manual No.
xix Contact Information Hitachi America, Ltd. Power and Industrial Division 50 Prospect Avenue Tarrytown, NY 10591 U.S.A. Phone: +1-914-631-0600 Fax: +1-914-631-3672 Hitachi Australia Ltd. Level 3, 82 Waterloo Road North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113 Australia Phone: +61-2-9888-4100 Fax: +61-2-9888-4188 Hitachi Europe GmbH Am Seestern 18 D-40547 Dusseldorf Germany Phone: +49-211-5283-0 Fax: +49-211-5283-649 Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd.
1−1 In This Chapter… 1 Getting started Getting Started page - Introduction...................................................................................... 2 - X200 Inverter Specifications ........................................................... 5 - Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives.................................. 12 - Frequently Asked Questions ........................................................
Getting started 1−2 Introduction Main Features Congratulation on your purchase of an X200 Series Hitachi inverter! This inverter drive features state-of-the-art circuitry and components to provide high performance. The housing footprint is exceptionally small, given the size of the corresponding motor. The Hitachi X200 product line includes more than a dozen inverter models to cover motor sizes from 1/4 horsepower to 10 horsepower, in either 240VAC or 480VAC power input versions.
1−3 Operator Interface Options Hitachi provides a panel mount keypad kit (below, right). It includes the mounting flange, gasket, keypad, and other hardware. You can mount the keypad with the potentiometer for a NEMA1 rated installation. The KIT also provides for removing the potentiometer knob to meet NEMA4X requirements, as shown (part no. 4X-KITmini). Digital Operator Copy Unit – The optional digital operator / copy unit (part no.SRW-0EX) is shown to the right.
1−4 Getting started Inverter Specification Label The Hitachi X200 inverters have product labels located on the right side of the housing, as pictured below. Be sure to verify that the specifications on the labels match your power source, and application safety requirements.
1−5 Model-specific tables for 200V and 400V class inverters The following tables are specific to X200 inverters for the 200V and 400V class model groups. Note that “General Specifications” on page 1-10 apply to both voltage class groups. Footnotes for all specification tables follow the table below.
1−6 Getting started Footnotes for the preceding table and the table that follow: Note1: Note2: Note3: Note4: Note5: Note6: Note7: Note8: Note9: Note10: The protection method conforms to JEM 1030. The applicable motor refers to Hitachi standard 3-phase motor (4p). When using other motors, care must be taken to prevent the rated motor current (50/60Hz) from exceeding the rated output current of the inverter.
1−7 X200 Inverter Specifications, continued… kW HP Rated capacity 230V (kVA) 240V Rated input voltage Integrated EMC EU version filter USA version Rated input EU version current (A) USA version Rated output voltage *3 Rated output current (A) Starting torque *7 Braking Dynamic braking, approx. % torque (short time stop from 50/60Hz) *8 DC braking Weight EU version Kg (-SFE) lb USA version Kg (-NFU) lb 200V class Specifications 015SFEF 022SFEF – 015NFU 022NFU 037LFU 1.5 2.2 3.7 2 3 5 2.8 3.9 6.3 2.9 4.
Getting started 1−8 Item X200 inverters, EU version 400V models USA version Applicable motor size *2 400V class Specifications 004HFEF 007HFEF 015HFEF 022HFEF 004HFU 007HFU 015HFU 022HFU kW 0.4 0.75 1.5 2.2 HP 1/2 1 2 3 Rated capacity 380V 0.9 1.6 2.5 3.6 (kVA) 480V 1.2 2.0 3.1 4.5 Rated input voltage *6 3-phase: 380V-15% to 480V ±10%, 50/60Hz ±5% Integrated EMC EU version SFE series : EN61800-3 category C2 filter filter USA version – Rated input current (A) 2.0 3.3 5.0 7.
1−9 400V class Specifications 030HFEF 040HFEF – 040HFU kW 3.0 4.0 HP 4 5 Rated capacity 380V 5.1 5.6 (kVA) 480V 6.4 7.1 Rated input voltage *6 3-phase: 380V-15% to 480V ±10%, 50/60Hz ±5% Integrated EMC EU version SFE series : EN61800-3 category C2 filter filter USA version – Rated input current (A) 10.0 11.0 Rated output voltage *3 3-phase: 380 to 480V (proportional to input voltage) Rated output current (A) 7.8 8.6 Starting torque *7 100% at 6Hz Braking Dynamic braking, 20%: ≤ 60Hz approx.
1−10 Getting started General Specifications The following table applies to all X200 inverters. Item Protective housing *1 Control method Carrier frequency Output frequency range *4 Frequency accuracy Frequency setting resolution Volt./Freq. characteristic Overload capacity Acceleration/deceleration time Input signal Output signal Freq.
1−11 Signal Ratings Signal / Contact Built-in power for inputs Discrete logic inputs Discrete logic outputs Analog output Analog input, current Analog input, voltage +10V analog reference Alarm relay contacts Ratings 24VDC, 30mA maximum 27VDC maximum 50mA maximum ON state current, 27 VDC maximum OFF state voltage 0 to 10VDC, 1mA 4 to 19.6 mA range, 20mA nominal 0 to 9.8 VDC range, 10VDC nominal, input impedance 10kΩ 10VDC nominal, 10mA maximum 250 VAC, 2.5A (R load) max., 0.2A (I load, P.F.=0.4) max.
Getting started 1−12 Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives The Purpose of Motor Speed Control for Industry Hitachi inverters provide speed control for 3-phase AC induction motors. You connect AC power to the inverter, and connect the inverter to the motor.
1−13 Torque and Constant Volts/Hertz Operation Getting started In the past, AC variable speed drives used an open loop (scalar) technique to control speed. The constant-volts-hertz operation maintains a constant ratio between the applied voltage and the applied frequency. With these conditions, AC induction motors inherently delivered constant torque across the operating speed range. For some applications, this scalar technique was adequate.
1−14 Getting started Inverter Output to the Motor 3-phase AC motor The AC motor must be connected only to the inverter’s U/T1 output terminals. The output terminals are uniquely labeled (to differentiate them from the input terminals) with the designations U/T1, V/T2, and W/T3. this corresponds to typical motor lead connection designations T1, T2, and T3. It is not often necessary to connect a particular motor lead for a new application.
1−15 Intelligent Functions and Parameters The optional read/write programmer will let you read and write inverter EEPROM contents from the programmer. This feature is particularly useful for OEMs who need to duplicate a particular inverter’s settings in many other inverters in assembly-line fashion. Braking In general, braking is a force that attempts to slow or stop motor rotation.
1−16 Getting started Velocity Profiles The X200 inverter is capable of sophisticated speed control. A graphical representation of that capability will help you understand and configure the associated parameters. This manual makes use of the velocity profile graph used in industry (shown at right). In the example, acceleration is a ramp to a set speed, and deceleration is a decline to a stop.
1−17 Q. What is the main advantage in using an inverter to drive a motor, compared to alternative solutions? A. An inverter can vary the motor speed with very little loss of efficiency, unlike mechanical or hydraulic speed control solutions. The resulting energy savings usually pays for the inverter in a relatively short time. Q. The term “inverter” is a little confusing, since we also use “drive” and “amplifier” to describe the electronic unit that controls a motor. What does “inverter” mean? A.
1−18 Getting started Q. Why doesn’t the motor have a neutral connection as a return to the inverter? A. The motor theoretically represents a “balanced Y” load if all three stator windings have the same impedance. The Y connection allows each of the three wires to alternatively serve as input or return on alternate half-cycle. Q. Does the motor need a chassis ground connection? A. Yes, for several reasons.
1−19 Q. How will I know if my application will require resistive braking? Q. Several options related to electrical noise suppression are available for the Hitachi inverters. How can I know if my application require any of these options? A. The purpose of these noise filters is to reduce the inverter electrical noise so the operation of nearby electrical devices is not affected. Some applications are governed by particular regulatory agencies, and noise suppression is mandatory .
2−1 Inverter Mounting and Installation page - Orientation to Inverter Features ..................................................... 2 - Basic System Description............................................................... 7 - Step-by-Step Basic Installation ...................................................... 8 - Powerup Test.................................................................................. 22 - Using the Front Panel Keypad ...................................................
2−2 Orientation to Inverter Features Unpacking and Inspection Inverter Mounting and installation Please take a few moments to unpack your new X200 inverter and perform these steps: 1. Look for any damage that may have occurred during transportation. 2. Verify the contents of the box include: a. One X200 inverter b. One instruction Manual c. One X200 Quick Reference Guide 3. Inspect the specifications label on the side of the inverter. Make sure it matches the product part number you ordered.
2−3 Front Housing Cover HIGH VOLTAGE: Hazard of electrical shock. Disconnect incoming power before working on this control. Wait five (5) minutes before removing the front cover. Hinging tabs Locking tabs A NOTE: Please pay attention when opening the hole for communication connector (portion A in above figure). When pressing and opening, burr will be left. Please grind not to hurt your fingers. The figure below shows the procedure for removing the housing cover.
2−4 Logic Connector Introduction Inverter Mounting and installation After removing the front housing cover, take a moment to become familiar with the connectors, as shown below. Serial communication port Danger! Do not touch! Logic and analog signal connections Relay output contacts HIGH VOLTAGE: Hazard of electrical shock. Never touch the naked PCB portions while the unit is powered up. Even for switch portion, the inverter must be powered OFF before you change.
2−5 DIP Switch Introduction The inverter has internal DIP switches, located at the middle of the logic connectors as shown below. This selection provides an introduction, and refers you to other chapter that discuss the DIP switch in depth. SW7 SW8 ON OPE OFF SW7 485 OPE SW8 ON OFF The 485/OPE (RS485/Operator) DIP switch configures the inverter’s RS485 serial port. You can use either the inverter’s integrated keypad or the OPE (OPE SR-mini) connected via a cable to the serial port.
Power Wiring Access – First, ensure no power source of any kind is connected to the inverter. If power has been connected, wait five minutes after power down and verify the Power LED is OFF to proceed. After removing the front housing cover, the two housing partitions that covers the power wiring exit will be able to slide upward as shown to the right. One at the upper side is for main power input terminals, and the one at the lower side is for the motor output side power terminals.
2−7 Basic System Description A motor control system will obviously include a motor and inverter, as well as a breaker or fuses for safety. If you are connecting a motor to the inverter on a test bench just to get started, that’s all you may need for now. But a system can also have a variety of additional components. Some can be for noise suppression, while others may enhance the inverter’s braking performance.
Inverter Mounting and installation 2−8 WARNING: In the cases below involving a general-purpose inverter, a large peak current can flow on the power supply side, sometimes destroying the converter module: 1. The unbalance factor of the power supply is 3% or higher. 2. The power supply capacity is at least 10 times greater than the inverter capacity (or the power supply capacity is 500kVA or more). 3. Abrupt power supply changes are expected, due to the conditions such as: a.
2−9 Choosing a Mounting Location 1 Step 1: Study the following caution messages associated with mounting the inverter. This is the time when mistakes are most likely to occur that will result in expensive rework, equipment damage, or personal injury. CAUTION: Be sure not to place any flammable materials near the inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.
2−10 Ensure Adequate Ventilation Inverter Mounting and installation 2 Step 2: To summarize the caution messages – you will need to find a solid, nonflammable, vertical surface that is in a relatively clean and dry environment. In order to ensure enough room for air circulation around the inverter to aid in cooling, maintain the specified clearance and the inverter specified in the diagram. Clear area 10 cm (3.94”) minimum Air flow X200 inverter 5 cm (1.97”) minimum 5 cm (1.97”) minimum 10 cm (3.
2−11 Check Inverter Dimensions 4 Step 4: Locate the applicable drawing on the following pages for your inverter. Dimensions are given in millimeters (inches) format. X200-002SFEF, -004SFEF, -002NFU, -004NFU Inverter Mounting and installation D [mm] 13 27 Applied model -002NFU, -002SFEF -004NFU, -004SFEF NOTE: Some inverter housing require two mounting screws, while other requires four. Be sure to use lock washers or other means to ensure screws do not loosen due to vibration.
2−12 Dimensional drawings, continued… Inverter Mounting and installation X200-005SFEF,007SFEF, -007NFU CAUTION: Power terminal assignment is different compared to old models such as L100, L200 series, etc,.
2−13 Dimensional drawings, continued… Inverter Mounting and installation X200-011SFEF~022SFEF, -015NFU~022NFU, -037LFU CAUTION: Power terminal assignment is different compared to old models such as L100, L200 series, etc,.
2−14 Dimensional drawings, continued… X200-004HFEF, -004HFU Inverter Mounting and installation CAUTION: Power terminal assignment is different compared to old models such as L100, L200 series, etc,.
2−15 Dimensional drawings, continued… Inverter Mounting and installation X200-007HFEF, -007HFU CAUTION: Power terminal assignment is different compared to old models such as L100, L200 series, etc,.
2−16 Dimensional drawings, continued… Inverter Mounting and installation X200-015HFEF~040HFEF, -015HFU~040HFU CAUTION: Power terminal assignment is different compared to old models such as L100, L200 series, etc,.
2−17 This page is left intentionally blank… Inverter Mounting and installation
2−18 Prepare for Wiring 5 Step 5: It is very important to perform the wiring steps carefully and correctly. Before proceeding, please study the caution and warning message herebelow. Inverter Mounting and installation WARNING: “USE 60/75°C Cu wire only” or equivalent. WARNING: “Open Type Equipment.” WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000 rms symmetrical amperes, 240V maximum.” For models with suffix S, N or L.
2−19 Determining Wire and Fuse Sizes The maximum motor currents in your application determines the recommended wore size. The following table gives the wire size in AWG. The “Power Lines” column applies to the inverter input power, output wires to the motor, the earth ground connection, and any other components shown in the “Basic System Description” on page 2-7. The “Signal Lines” column applies to any wire connecting to the two green connectors just inside the front cover panel.
2−20 Terminal Dimensions and Torque Specs The terminal screw dimensions for all X200 inverters are listed in table below. This information is useful in sizing spade lug or ring lug connectors for wire terminations. Inverter Mounting and installation WARNING: Fasten the screws with the specified fastening torque in the table below. Check for any loosening of screws. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.
2−21 Please use the terminal arrangement below corresponding to your inverter model.
2−22 Inverter Mounting and installation CAUTION: Be sure that the input voltage matches the inverter specifications: • Single-phase 200 to 240 V 50/60 Hz (0.2kW~2.2kW) for SFEF models • Single/Three-phase 200 to 240 V 50/60 Hz (0.2kW~2.2kW) for NFU models • Three-phase 200 to 240 V 50/60 Hz (3.7kW~7.5kW) for LFU models • Three-phase 380 to 480 V 50/60Hz (0.4kW~7.5kW) for HFEF and HFU models CAUTION: Be sure not to power a three-phase-only inverter with single phase power.
2−23 Wire the Inverter Output to Motor 7 Step 7: The process of motor selection is beyond the scope of this manual. However, it must be an AC induction motor with three phases. It should also come with a chassis ground lug. If the motor does not have three power input leads, stop the installation and verify the motor type. Other guidelines for wiring the motor include: Use an inverter-grade motor for maximum motor life (1600V insulation).
2−24 Uncover the Inverter Vents 8 Step 8: After mounting and wiring the inverter, remove any covers from the inverter housing. This includes material over the side ventilation ports. Ventilation holes (top) Inverter Mounting and installation WARNING: Make sure the input power to the inverter is OFF. If the drive has been powered, leave it OFF for five minutes before continuing. Ventilation holes (both sides) Powerup Test 9 Step 9: After wiring the inverter and motor, you’re ready to do a powerup test.
2−25 Pre-test and Operational Precautions CAUTION: The heat sink fins will have a high temperature. Be careful not to touch them. Otherwise, there is the danger of getting burned. CAUTION: The operation of the inverter can be easily changed from low speed to high speed. Be sure to check the capability and limitations of the motor and machine before operating the inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of injury.
2−26 Using the Front Panel Keypad Please take a moment to familiarize yourself with the keypad layout shown in the figure below. The display is used in programming the inverter’s parameters, as well as monitoring specific parameter values during operation.
2−27 Keys, Modes, and Parameters Function Group “D” “F” “A” “B” “C” “H” “P” “E” Type (Category) of Function POWER A ALARM RUN STOP RESET RUN FUNC 1 2 Mode to Access Monitoring functions Main profile parameters Standard functions Fine tuning functions Intelligent terminal functions Motor constant functions DeviceNet functions Error codes Hz Monitor Program Program Program Program Program Program − PRG STR Inverter Mounting and installation The purpose of the keypad is to provide a way to ch
2−28 Keypad Navigation Map Inverter Mounting and installation The X200 Series inverter drives have many programmable functions and parameters. Chapter 3 will cover these in detail, but you need to access just a few items to perform the powerup test. The menu structure makes use of function codes and parameter codes to allow programming and monitoring with only a 4-digit display and a keys and LEDs.
2−29 Selecting Functions and Editing Parameters To prepare to run the motor in the powerup test, this section will show how to configure the necessary parameters: 1. Select the keypad potentiometer as the source of motor speed command (A001). 2. Select the keypad as the source of the RUN command (A002). Inverter Mounting and installation 3. Set the inverters maximum output frequency to the motor (A003). 4. Set the motor current for proper thermal protection (B012). 5.
2−30 If the Potentiometer Enable LED is OFF, follow these steps below. Action (Starting point) Inverter Mounting and installation Press the FUNC Display Func./Parameter A- - - “A” Group selected A001 Speed command source setting key again. 01 00 = Keypad potentiometer 01 = Control terminals 02 = Function F001 setting 03 = ModBus network 04 = Calculate function output 00 = Potentiometer (selected) key. Press the FUNC Press the 2 key. 00 Press the STR key.
2−31 Set the Motor Base Frequency – The motor is designed to operate at a specific AC frequency. Most commercial motors are designed for 50/60 Hz operation. First, check the motor specifications. Then follow the steps below to verify the setting or correct it for your motor. DO NOT set it greater than 50/60 Hz unless the motor manufacturer specifically approves operation at the higher frequency. Action Press the 1 key once. Display A002 Run command source setting A003 Base frequency setting 60.
2−32 Action (Starting point) Press the 1 key and hold until Æ Display A003 Base frequency setting A082 AVR voltage select 230 Inverter Mounting and installation Press the FUNC key. or 400 Press the 1 Press the STR or 2 key as needed. key. Func.
2−33 Set the Number of Motor Poles – The motor’s internal winding arrangement determines its number of magnetic poles. The specification label on the motor usually indicates the number of poles. For proper operation, verify the parameter setting matches the motor poles. Many industrial motors have four poles, corresponding to the default setting in the inverter (H004).
2−34 Monitoring Parameters with the Display After using the keypad for parameter editing, it’s a good idea to switch the inverter from Program Mode to Monitor Mode. The PRG LED will be OFF, and the Hertz or Ampere LED indicates the display units. Inverter Mounting and installation RUN STOP RESET Hz POWER A ALARM RUN PRG For the powerup test, monitor the motor speed indirectly by viewing the inverter’s output frequency.
2−35 Powerup Test Observations and Summary 10 Step 10: Reading this section will help you make some useful observations when first running the motor. Error Codes – If the inverter displays an error code (format is “E xx”), see “Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions” on page 6-5 to interpret and clear the error. State of Inverter at Stop – If you adjust the motor’s speed to zero, the motor will slow to a near stop, and the inverter turns the outputs OFF.
3−1 Configuring Drive Parameters page - Choosing a Programming Device................................................... 2 - Using the Keypad Devices .............................................................. 3 - “D” Group: Monitoring Functions .................................................. 6 - “F” Group: Main Profile Parameters .............................................. 9 - “A” Group: Standard Functions ...................................................
3−2 Choosing a Programming Device Introduction Configuring Drive Parameters Hitachi variable frequency drives (inverters) use the latest electronics technology for getting the right AC waveform to the motor at the right time. The benefits are many, including energy savings and higher machine output or productivity. The flexibility required to handle a broad range of applications has required ever more configurable options and parameters – inverter are now a complex industrial automation component.
3−3 Using the Keypad Devices The X200 Series inverter front keypad contains all the elements for both monitoring and programming parameters. The keypad is layout is pictured below. All other programming devices for the inverter have a similar key arrangement and function.
3−4 Keypad Navigation Map You can use the inverter’s front panel keypad to navigate to any parameter or function. The diagram below shows the basic navigation map to access these items.
3−5 Operational Modes The RUN and PRG LEDs tell just part of the story; Run Mode and Program Modes are independent modes, not opposite modes. In the state diagram to the right, Run alternates with Stop, and Program Mode alternates with Monitor Mode. This is a very important ability, for it shows that a technician can approach a running machine and change some parameters without shutting down the machine.
3−6 “D” Group: Monitoring Functions You can access important parameter values with the “D” Group monitoring functions, whether the inverter is in Run Mode or Stop Mode. After selecting the function code number for the parameter you want to monitor, press the Function key once to show the value on the display. In function D005 and D006, the intelligent terminal use individual segments of the display to show ON/OFF status.
3−7 Func. Code D007 D013 “D” Function Run Units Mode Name / Description Edit SRW Display Scaled output frequency Displays the output frequency Hz times − monitor scaled by the constant in B086. constant Decimal point indicates range: XX.XX 0.00 to 99.99 XXX.X 100.0 to 999.9 XXXX. 1000. to 9999. XXXX 1000 to 9999 F-Cnv 00000.00 (x10=10000 to 99999) Output voltage monitor Voltage of output to motor, V − Range is 0.0 to 600.
3−8 Local Monitoring During Network Operation Configuring Drive Parameters The X200 inverter’s serial port may be connected to a network or to an external digital operator. During those times, the inverter keypad keys will not function (except for the Stop key). However, the inverter’s 4-digit display still provides the Monitor Mode function, displaying any of the parameters D001 to D007. Function B089, Monitor Display Select for Networked Inverter, determines the particular D00x parameter displayed.
3−9 “F” Group: Main Profile Parameters The basic frequency (speed) profile is F002 F003 defined by parameters contained in the “F” Output frequency Group as shown to the right. The set F001 running frequency is in Hz, but acceleration and deceleration are specified in the time duration of the ramp (from zero to 0 maximum frequency, or from maximum t frequency to zero). The motor direction parameter determines whether the keypad Run key produces a FWD or REV command.
3−10 “A” Group: Standard Functions The inverter provides flexibility in how you control Run/Stop operation and set the output frequency (motor speed). It has other control sources that can override the A001 / A002 settings. Parameter A001 sets the source selection for the inverter’s output frequency. Parameter A002 selects the Run command source (for FW or RV Run commands). The default settings use the input terminals for –FE (European) models, and the keypad for –FU (USA) models. Func.
3−11 Run Command Source Setting – For parameter A002, the following table provides a further description of each option, and a reference to other page(s) for more information.
3−12 Basic Parameter Settings Configuring Drive Parameters These settings affect the most fundamental behavior of the inverter – the outputs to the motor. The frequency of the inverter’s AC output determines the motor speed. You may switch from three different sources for the reference speed. During application development you may prefer using the potentiometer, but you may switch to an external source (control terminal setting) in the finished application, for example.
3−13 Analog Input Settings The inverter has the capability to accept an external analog input that can command the output frequency to the motor. Voltage input (0-10 V) and current input (4-20mA) are available on separate terminals ([O] and [OI] respectively). Terminal [L] serves as signal ground for the two analog inputs. The analog input setting adjust the curve characteristics between the analog input and the frequency output. Please note that you cannot use the [O] and [OI] input at the same time.
3−14 “A” Function Func. Code A005 Name / SRW Display [AT] selection AT-Slct Configuring Drive Parameters A011 00000% 00000% O-L input start frequency enable O-LVL A016 0000.0Hz O-L input active range end voltage O-EX%E A015 0000.
3−15 Multi-speed and Jog Frequency Setting The X200 inverter has the capability to store and output up to 16 preset frequencies to the motor (A020 to A035). As in traditional motion terminology, we call this multi-speed profile capability. These preset frequencies are selected by means of digital inputs to the inverter. The inverter applies the current acceleration or deceleration setting to change from the current output frequency to the new one.
3−16 Torque Control Algorithms Inverter Torque Control Algorithms The inverter generates the motor output according Variable freq. control, 00 to the V/f algorithm selected. Parameter A044 constant torque selects the inverter algorithm for generating the Variable freq. control, 01 frequency output, as shown in the diagram to the reduced torque right (A244 for 2nd motor). The factory default is Variable freq. control, 06 00 (constant torque).
3−17 Be aware that running the motor at a low speed for a long time can cause motor overheating. This is particularly true when manual torque boost is ON, or if the motor relies on a built-in fan for cooling. NOTE: Manual torque boost applies only to constant torque (A044=00) and variable torque (A044=01) V/f control. A045=100 V 100% 80% The following table shows the methods of torque control selection. A045=80 0 fbase “A” Function Func.
3−18 DC Braking (DB) Settings Normal DC braking performance⎯ The DC braking feature can provide additional stopping torque when compared to a normal deceleration to a stop. DC braking is particularly useful at low speeds when normal deceleration torque is minimal. When you enable DC braking, the inverter injects a DC voltage into the motor windings during deceleration below a frequency you can specify (A052).
3−19 CAUTION: Be careful to avoid specifying a braking time that is long enough to cause motor overheating. If you use DC braking, we recommend using a motor with a built-in thermistor, and wiring it to the inverter’s thermistor input (see “Thermistor Thermal Protection” on page 4-24). Also refer to the motor manufacturer’s specifications for duty-cycle recommendations during DC braking. “A” Function Func. Code A051 Name / SRW Display DC braking enable Description DCB Mode A052 DCB Wait A054 0000.
3−20 Frequency-related Functions Configuring Drive Parameters Frequency Limits – Upper and lower limits can be imposed on the inverter output frequency. These limits will apply regardless of the source of the speed reference. You can configure the lower frequency limit to be greater than zero as shown in the graph. The upper limiter must not exceed the rating of the motor or capability of the machinery. The maximum frequency setting (A004/A204) takes precedence over frequency upper limit (A061/A261).
3−21 Jump Frequencies – Some motors or machines exhibit resonances at particular speed(s), which can be destructive for prolonged running at those speeds. The inverter has up to three jump frequencies as shown in the graph. The hysteresis around the jump frequencies causes the inverter output to skip around the sensitive frequency values. Output frequency A068 A067 A068 A066 A065 A066 A063 A064 A064 Frequency command A064, Jump (hysteresis) frequency A066, width setting A068 JUMP W1 0000.
3−22 PID Control When enabled, the built-in PID loop calculates an ideal inverter output value to cause a loop feedback process variable (PV) to move closer in value to the set point (SP). The frequency command serves as the SP. The PID loop algorithm will read the analog input for the process variable (you specify the current or voltage input) and calculate the output. • • • A scaled factor in A075 lets you multiply the PV factor, converting it into engineering units for the process.
3−23 Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) Function The automatic voltage regulation (AVR) feature keeps the inverter output waveform at a relatively constant amplitude during power input fluctuations. This can be useful if the installation is subject to input voltage fluctuations. However, the inverter cannot boost its motor output to a voltage higher than the power input voltage. If you enable this feature, be sure to select the proper voltage class setting for your motor. “A” Function Func.
3−24 Energy Savings Mode / Optional Accel/Decel Energy Saving Mode – This function allows the inverter to deliver the minimum power necessary to maintain speed at any given frequency. This works best when driving variable torque characteristic loads such as fans and pumps. Parameter A085=01 enables this function and A086 controls the degrees of its effect. A setting of 0.0 yields slow response but high accuracy, while a setting of 100 will yield a fast response with lower accuracy. Func.
3−25 Second Acceleration and Deceleration Functions The X200 inverter features two-stage acceleration and deceleration ramps. This gives flexibility in the profile shape. You can specify the frequency transition point, the point at which the standard acceleration (F002) or deceleration (F003) changes to the second acceleration (A092) or deceleration (A093). Or, you can use intelligent input [2CH] to trigger this transition. These profile options are also available for the second motor settings.
3−26 Func. Code A095 A295 A096 Configuring Drive Parameters A296 “A” Function Name / Description SRW Display Acc1 to Acc2 frequency Output frequency at which transition point Accel1 switches to Accel2, range ACC CHfr 0000.0Hz is 0.0 to 400.0 Hz Acc1 to Acc2 frequency Output frequency at which transition point, 2nd motor Accel1 switches to Accel2, 2nd 2ACCCHfr 0000.0Hz motor, range is 0.0 to 400.
3−27 Accel/Decel Standard acceleration and deceleration is linear. The inverter CPU can also calculate an S-curve acceleration or deceleration curve as shown. This profile is useful for favoring the load characteristics in particular applications. Curve settings for acceleration and deceleration are independently selected. To enable the S-curve, use function A097 (acceleration) and A098 (deceleration). A098 Target freq. Accel.
3−28 Additional Analog Input Settings Input Range Settings – The parameters in the following table adjust the input characteristics of the analog current input. When using the inputs to command the inverter output frequency, these parameters adjust the starting and ending ranges for the current, as well as the output frequency range. Related characteristic diagrams are located in “Analog Input Settings” on page 3-13. Analog sampling setting is the value specified in A016.
3−29 Analog Input Calculate Function – The inverter can mathematically combine two input sources into one value. The Calculate function can either add, subtract, or multiply the two selected sources. This provides the flexibility needed by various applications. You can use the result for the output frequency setting (use A001=10) or for the PID Process Variable (PV) input (use A075=03).
3−30 Add Frequency – The inverter can add or subtract on offset value to the output frequency setting which is specified by A001 (will work with any of the five possible sources). The ADD Frequency is a value you can store in parameter A145. the ADD Frequency is summed with or subtracted from the output frequency setting only when the [ADD] terminal is ON. Function A146 selects whether to add or subtract.
3−31 Potentiometer Settings Input Range Settings – The parameters in the following table adjust the input characteristics of the integrated POT. When using the POT to command the inverter output frequency, these parameters adjust the starting and ending ranges for the POT, as well as the output frequency range. Func. Code A151 A152 A154 A155 Max frequency A152 A015=00 A015=01 A151 0 % 0% A153 Counterclockwise A154 Input scale 100% Clockwise Defaults Run Mode -FE -FU Units Edit (EU) (USA) U 0.
3−32 “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions The “B” Group of functions and parameters adjust some of the more subtle but useful aspects of motor control and system configuration. Automatic Restart Mode The restart mode determines how the inverter will resume operation after a fault causes a trip event. The four options provide advantages for your applications.
3−33 Func. Code B001 “B” Function Name / Description SRW Display Selection of automatic restart Select inverter restart method, mode Four option codes: 00…Alarm output after trip, no automatic restart 01…Restart at 0Hz 02…Resume operation after frequency pull-in 03…Resume previous freq. after freq. pull-in, then decelerate to stop and display trip info IPS POWR B002 0000.
3−34 Electronic Thermal Overload Alarm Setting The thermal overload detection protects the inverter and motor from overheating due to an excessive load. It uses a current/inverse time curve to determine the trip point. Configuring Drive Parameters First, use B013 to select the torque characteristic that matches your load. This allows the inverter to utilize the best thermal overload characteristic for your application.
3−35 Overload Restriction If the inverter’s output current exceeds a preset current level you specify during acceleration or constant speed, the overload restriction feature automatically reduces the output frequency to restrict the overload. This feature does not generate an alarm or trip event. You can instruct the inverter to apply overload restriction only during constant speed, thus allowing higher currents for acceleration. Or, you may use the same threshold for both acceleration and constant speed.
3−36 Software Lock Mode The table below lists all combinations of B031 option codes and the Run ON/OFF state of the [SFT] input. Each Check 9 or Ex U indicates Mode Edit whether the corresponding parameter(s) can be edited. The Standard Parameters column below shows access in permitted for U some lock modes. These refer to the parameter tables throughout 9 this chapter, each of which includes a column titled Run Mode Edit as shown to the right.
3−37 Configuring Drive Parameters Func.
3−38 Non Stop Operation at Power OFF Non stop operation at power OFF helps to avoid tripping or free-running of the motor when power turns OFF during running. Inverter controls the internal DC bus voltage by decelerating the motor, and finally makes the motor stop.
3−39 Func. Code B050 “B” Function Name / Description SRW Display Selection of the non stop Two option codes: operation 00…Disabled 01…Enabled IPS MODE B051 Configuring Drive Parameters 0000.0V Deceleration time of non stop operation setting IPS DEC B054 0000.0V OV-LAD Stop level of non stop operation setting IPS OV B053 00 00 − Setting of DC bus voltage to start non stop operation. Range is 0.0 to 1000.0 U 0.0 0.0 V Setting the OV-LAD stop level of non stop operation. Range is 0.0 to 1000.
3−40 Miscellaneous Settings The miscellaneous settings include scaling factors, initialization modes, and others. This section covers some of the most important settings you may need to configure. B080: [AM] analog signal gain –This parameter allows you to scale the analog output [AM] relative to the monitored variable. Use together with C086 (AM offset adjustment) to get required performance. B082: Start frequency adjustment – When the inverter starts to run, the output frequency does not ramp from 0Hz.
3−41 Func. Code B080 B082 “B” Function Name / Description SRW Display [AM] analog signal gain Adjust of analog output at terminal [AM], AM-Adj 00100% range is 0 to 255 Start frequency adjustment fmin B083 0000.5Hz Carrier frequency setting Carrier Configuring Drive Parameters B084 Initialization mode (parameters or trip history) INIT Mode B085 EU Frequency scaling conversion factor Cnv Gain B087 TRP Country for initialization INIT Slct B086 0003.0 9 100. 100.
3−42 B091/B088: Stop Mode / Restart Mode Configuration – You can configure how the inverter performs a standard stop (each time Run FWD and REV signals turn OFF). Setting B091 determines whether the inverter will control the deceleration, or whether it will perform a free-run stop (coast to a stop). When using the free-run stop selection, it is imperative to also configure how you want the inverter to resume control of motor speed.
3−43 “B” Function Func.
3−44 B089: Monitor display select for networked inverter – When the X200 inverter is controlled via network, the inverter’s keypad display can still provide Monitor Mode. The D00x parameter selected by function B089 sill be displayed on the keypad. See “Local Monitoring During Network Operation” on page 3-8 for more details. B092: Cooling Fan Control – You can select the performance of the cooling fan (if your inverter has the fan) whether it stops or keep on running, after the inverter stops the motor.
3−45 Configuring Drive Parameters B130, B131: Over-voltage LAD Stop Enable B130 = 01 OV LADSTOP = Enable / Level – The over-voltage LADSTOP function monitors the DC bus voltage and actively changes the output frequency DC bus voltage profile to maintain the DC bus voltage within settable limits.
3−46 DC Bus AVR for deceleration Settings This function is to achieve stable DC bus voltage in case of deceleration. DC bus voltage raises due to regeneration during deceleration. When this function is activated (B133=01), inverter controls the deceleration time so that the DC bus voltage not to go up to the overvoltage trip level, and leads to the tripless operation during deceleration. Please note that the actual deceleration time may be longer in this case.
3−47 Miscellaneous Settings ~continuation~ Configuring Drive Parameters B140: Over-current Trip Suppression – The Over-current Trip Suppression function monitors the motor current and actively changes the output frequency profile to maintain the motor current within the limits. Although “LAD” refers to “linear acceleration / deceleration”, the inverter only “STOPs” the acceleration and deceleration slope so that it will not cause the overcurrent trip event.
3−48 “B” Function Func. Code B140 Name / SRW Display Over-current trip suppression I-SUP Mode B150 OFF Carrier mode Cr-DEC B151 Description OFF Selection of RDY function RDY-FUNC OFF Two option codes: 00…Disable 01…Enable Automatically reduces the carrier frequency as the ambient temperature increases. 00…Disable 01…Enable Select Ready function.
3−49 “C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions The five input terminals [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5] can be configured for any of 31 different functions. The next two tables show how to configure the five terminals. The inputs are logical, in that they are either OFF or ON. We define these states as OFF=0, and ON=1. The inverter comes with default options for the five terminals. These settings are initially unique, each one having its own setting.
3−50 The input logic conversion is programmable for each of the six inputs default to normally open (active high), but you can select normally closed (active low) in order to invert the sense of the logic. Func. Code C011 C012 C013 C015 Defaults Run Mode -FE -FU Units Edit (EU) (USA) U 00 00 − U 00 00 − U 00 00 − U 00 01 − U 00 00 − NOTE: An input terminal configured for option code 18 ([RS] Reset command) cannot be configured for normally closed operation.
3−51 Input Function Summary Table – This table shows all thirty-one intelligent input functions at a glance. Detailed description of these functions, related parameters and settings, and example wiring diagrams are in “Using Intelligent Input Terminals” on page 4-8.
3−52 Input Function Summary Table Option Code 19 Terminal Symbol PTC Function Name PTC thermistor Thermal Protection Description ANLG OPEN 20 STA 21 STP 22 F/R Start (3-wire interface) Stop (3-wire interface) FWD, REV (3-wire interface) ON OFF ON OFF ON 23 PID PID Disable ON OFF 24 PIDC 27 UP 28 DWN 29 UDC 31 OPE PID Reset Remote Control UP Function (motorized speed pot.) Remote Control Down Function (motorized speed pot.
3−53 Input Function Summary Table Option Code 50 Terminal Symbol ADD 51 F-TM Function Name ADD frequency enable Force Terminal Mode Description ON OFF ON Configuring Drive Parameters OFF 52 RDY * 53 SP-SET Inverter Ready ON Special set OFF ON OFF 64 EMR * 255 - Safe Stop ON (No function) OFF ON OFF Adds the A145 (add frequency) value to the output frequency Does not add the A145 value to the output frequency Force inverter to use input terminals for output frequency and Run command so
3−54 Output Terminal Configuration The inverter provides configuration for logic (discrete) and analog outputs, shown in the table below. “C” Function Func.
3−55 Output Function Summary Table – This table shows all twelve functions for the logical outputs (terminals [11] and [AL]) at a glance. Detailed descriptions of these functions, related parameters and settings, and example wiring diagrams are in “Using Intelligent Output Terminals” on page 4-34.
3−56 Analog Function Summary Table – This table shows both functions for the analog voltage output [AM] terminal, configured by C028. More information on using and calibrating the [AM] output terminal is in “Analog Output Operation” on page 4-55. Analog Function Summary Table Option Code 00 01 Function Name Analog Frequency Monitor Analog Current Output Monitor Description Range Inverter output frequency. 0 to max.
3−57 Low Load Detection Parameters Configuring Drive Parameters The following parameters work in conjunction with the intelligent output function, when configured. The output mode parameter (C038) sets the mode of the detection at which the low load detection signal [LOC] turns ON. Three kinds of modes can be selected. The detection level parameter (C039) is to set the level of the low load.
3−58 Output Function Adjustment Parameters The following parameters work in conjunction with the intelligent output function, when configured. The overload level parameter (C041) sets the motor current level at which the overload signal [OL] turns ON. The range of setting is from 0% to 200% of the rated current for the inverter.
3−59 “C” Function Func. Code C041 Name / SRW Display Overload level setting OV LVL C241 Overload level setting, 2nd motor 2OV LVL C042 Configuring Drive Parameters 003.0% PID FBV function high limit PID LtU C053 0000.0Hz PID deviation level setting ARV PID C052 0000.0Hz Frequency arrival setting for deceleration ARV DEC C044 001.60A Frequency arrival setting for acceleration ARV ACC C043 001.60A 0100.0% PID FBV function variable low limit PID LtL 0000.
3−60 Network Communications Settings The following table lists parameters that configure the inverter’s serial communications port. The settings affect how the inverter communication with a digital operator (such as SRW-0EX), as well as a ModBus network (for networked inverter applications). The settings cannot be edited via the network, in order to ensure network reliability.
3−61 Analog Signal Calibration Settings The functions in the following table configure the signals for the analog input terminals. Note that these settings do not change the current/voltage or sink/source characteristics – only the zero and span (scaling) of the signals. Freq setpoint Max. freq 200% 50% Configuring Drive Parameters 0 0V, 4mA Func.
3−62 Miscellaneous Functions The following table contains miscellaneous functions not in other function groups. “C” Function Func. Code C091 Name / SRW Display Debug mode enable * DBG Slct C101 OFF Up/Down memory mode selection NO-STR Reset selection RS Slct ON Displays debug parameters. Two option codes: 00…Disable 01…Enable (for factory use) Controls speed setpoint for the inverter after power sycle.
3−63 Output Logic and Timing Logic Output Function – The inverter has a built-in logic output feature. You can select any two of the other nine intelligent output options for internal inputs. Then, configure the logic function to apply the logical AND, OR, or XOR (exclusive OR) operates as desired to the two inputs. The terminal symbol for the new output is [LOG]. Use C021, or C026 to route the logical result to terminal [11] or the relay terminals.
3−64 Output Signal ON/OFF Delay Function – Intelligent outputs including terminals [11] and the output relay, have configurable signal transition delays. Each output can delay either the OFF-to-ON or ON-to-OFF transitions, or both. Signal transition delays are variable from 0.1 to 100.0 seconds. This feature is useful in applications that must tailor inverter output signals to meet timing requirements of certain external devices. Func.
3−65 “H” Group: Motor Constants Functions The “H” Group parameters configure the inverter for the motor characteristics. You must manually set H003 and H004 values to match the motor. Parameter H006 is factory-set. If you want to reset the parameters to the factory default settings, use the procedure in “Restoring Factory Default Settings” on page 68. Use A044 to select the torque control algorithm as shown in the diagram.
4−1 Operations and Monitoring In This Chapter… 4 page - Introduction...................................................................................... 2 - Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices ........................................ 4 - Control Logic Signal Specifications............................................... 6 - Intelligent Terminal Listing ............................................................. 7 - Using Intelligent Input Terminals............................................
4−2 Introduction The previous material in Chapter 3 gave a reference listing of all the programmable functions of the inverter. We suggest that you first scan through the listing of inverter functions to fain a general familiarity. This chapter will build on that knowledge in the following ways: 1. Related functions – Some parameters interact with or depend on the settings in other functions.
4−3 Warning Messages for Operating Procedures WARNING: Be sure to turn ON the input power supply only after closing the front case. While the inverter is energized, be sure not to open the front case. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock. WARNING: Be sure not to operate electrical equipment with wet hands. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock. WARNING: While the inverter is energized, be sure not to touch the inverter terminals even when the motor is stopped.
4−4 Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices Hitachi inverters (drives) are useful in many types of applications. During installation, the inverter keypad (or other programming device) will facilitate the initial configuration. After installation, the inverter will generally receive its control commands through the control logic connector or serial interface from another controlling device.
4−5 Example Wiring Diagram The schematic diagram below provides a general example of logic connector wiring, in addition to basic power and motor wiring converted in Chapter 2. The goal of this chapter is to help you determine the proper connections for the various terminals shown below for your application needs.
4−6 Control Logic Signal Specifications The control logic connectors are located just behind the front housing cover. The relay contacts are just to the left of the logic connectors. Connector labeling is shown below.
4−7 Intelligent Terminal Listing Intelligent Inputs Use the following table to locate pages for intelligent input material in this chapter.
4−8 Using Intelligent Input Terminals Terminals [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5] are identical, programmable inputs for general use. The input circuits can use the inverter’s internal (isolated) +24V field supply or an external power supply. This section describes input circuits operation and how to connect them properly to switches or transistor outputs on field devices. Operations and Monitoring The X200 inverter features selectable sinking or sourcing inputs.
4−9 The two diagrams below input wiring circuits using the inverter’s internal +24V supply. Each diagram shows the connection for simple switches, or for a field device with transistor outputs. Note that in the lower diagram, it is necessary to connect terminal [L] only when using the field device with transistors. Be sure to use the correct connection of the short bar shown for each wiring diagram.
4−10 The two diagrams below show input wiring circuits using an external supply. If using the “Sinking Inputs, External Supply” in below wiring diagram, be sure to remove the short bar, and use a diode (*) with the external supply. This will prevent a power supply contention in case the short bar is accidentally placed in the incorrect position. For the “Sourcing Inputs, External Supply”, please connect the short bar as drawn in the diagram below.
4−11 Forward Run/Stop and Reverse Run/Stop Commands: When you input the Run command via the terminal [FW], the inverter executes the Forward Run command (high) or Stop command (low). When you input the Run command via the terminal [RV], the inverter executes the Reverse Run command (high) or Stop command (low).
4−12 Multi-Speed Select The inverter can store up to 16 different target frequencies (speeds) that the motor output uses for steady-state run condition. These speeds are accessible through programming four of the intelligent terminals as binary-encoded inputs CF1 to CF4 per the table to the right. These can be any of the six inputs, and in any order. You can use fewer inputs if you need eight or fewer speeds.
4−13 While using the multi-speed capability, you can monitor the present frequency with monitor function D001 during each segment of a multi-speed operation. NOTE: When using the Multi-speed Select settings CF1 to CF4, do not display parameter F001 or change the value of F001 while the inverter is in Run Mode (motor running). If it is necessary to check the value of F001 during Run Mode, please monitor D001 instead of F001. There are two ways to program the speeds into the registers A020 to A035: 1.
4−14 Jogging Command The Jog input [JG] is used to command the motor to rotate slowly in small increments for manual operation. The speed is limited to 10 Hz. The frequency for the jogging operation is set by parameter A038. Jogging does not use an acceleration ramp, so we recommend setting the jogging frequency A038 to 5 Hz or less to prevent tripping.
4−15 External Signal for DC Braking When the terminal [DB] is turned ON, the DC braking feature is enabled. Set the following parameters when the external DC braking terminal [DB] is to be used: • A053 – DC braking delay time setting. The range is 0.1 to 5.0 seconds. • A054 – DC braking force setting. The range is 0 to 100%. The scenarios to the right help show how DC braking works in various situations. 1. Scenario 1 – The [FW] or [RV] terminal is ON. When [DB] is ON, DC braking is applied.
4−16 Set Second Motor, Special Set If you assign the [SET] function to an intelligent input terminal, you can select between two sets of motor parameters. The second parameters store an alternate set of motor characteristics. When the terminal [SET] is turned ON, the inverter will use the second set of parameters to generate the frequency output to the motor. When changing the state of the [SET] input terminal, the change will not take effect until the inverter is stopped.
4−17 Two Stage Acceleration and Deceleration When terminal [2CH] is turned ON, the inverter changes the rate of acceleration and deceleration from the initial settings (F002 and F003) to use the second set of acceleration/ deceleration values. When the terminal is turned OFF, the inverter is returned to the original acceleration and deceleration time (F002 acceleration time 1, and F003 deceleration time 1).
4−18 Free-run Stop When the terminal [FRS] is turned ON, the inverter stops the output and the motor enters the free-run state (coasting). If terminal [FRS] is turned OFF, the output resumes sending power to the motor if the Run command is still active. The free-run stop feature works with other parameters to provide flexibility in stopping and starting motor rotation.
4−19 External Trip When the terminal [EXT] is turned ON, the inverter enters the trip state, indicates error code E12, and stops the output. This is a general purpose interrupt type feature, and the meaning of the error depends on what you connect to the [EXT] terminal. Even if the [EXT] input is turned OFF, the inverter remains in the trip state. You must reset the inverter or cycle power to clear the error, returning the inverter to the Stop Mode.
4−20 Unattended Start Protection If the Run command is already set when power is turned ON, the inverter starts running immediately after powerup. The Unattended Start Protection (USP) function prevents that automatic startup, so that the inverter will not run without outside intervention. When USP is active and you need to reset an alarm and resume running, either turn the Run command OFF, or perform a reset operation by the terminal [RS] input or the keypad Stop/reset key.
4−21 Software Lock When the terminal [SFT] is turned ON, the data of all the parameters and functions (except the output frequency, depending on the setting of B031) is locked (prohibited from editing). When the data is locked, the keypad keys cannot edit inverter parameters. To edit parameters again, turn OFF the [SFT] terminal input. Use parameter B031 to select whether the output frequency is excluded from the lock state or is locked as well.
4−22 Analog Input Current/Voltage Select The [AT] terminal selects whether the inverter uses the voltage [O] or current [OI] input terminals for external frequency control. When intelligent input [AT] is ON, you can set the output frequency by applying a current input signal at [OI]-[L]. When the [AT] input is OFF, you can apply a voltage input signal at [O]-[L] to set the output frequency.
4−23 Reset Inverter The [RS] terminal causes the inverter to execute the reset operation. If the inverter is in Trip Mode, the reset cancels the Trip state. When the signal [RS] is turned ON and OFF, the inverter executes the reset operation. The minimum pulse width for [RS] must be 12 ms or greater. The alarm output will be cleared within 30 ms after the onset of the Reset command. 12 ms minimum 1 [RS] 0 Approx.
4−24 Thermistor Thermal Protection Motors that are equipped with a thermistor can be protected from overheating. Input terminal [5] has the unique ability to sense a thermistor resistance. When the resistance value of the thermistor connected to terminal [TH] (5) and [L] is more than 3 k Ω ±10%, the inverter enters the Trip Mode, turns OFF the output to the motor, and indicates the trip status E35. Use this function to protect the motor from overheating.
4−25 Three-wire Interface Operation The 3-wire interface is an industry standard motor control interface. This function uses two inputs for momentary contact start/stop control, and a third for selecting forward or reverse direction. To implement the 3-wire interface, assign 20 [STA] (Start), 21 [STP] (Stop), and 22 [F/R] (Forward/Reverse) to three of the intelligent input terminals. Use a momentary contact for Start and Stop. Use a selector switch, such as SPST for the Forward/Reverse input.
4−26 PID ON/OFF and PID Clear The PID loop function is useful for controlling motor speed to achieve constant flow, pressure, temperature, etc. in many process applications. The PID Disable function temporarily suspends PID loop execution via an intelligent input terminal. It overrides the parameter A071 (PID Enable) to stop PID execution and return to normal motor frequency output characteristics. the use of PID Disable on an intelligent input terminal is optional.
4−27 Remote Control Up and Down Functions The [UP] [DWN] terminal functions can adjust the output frequency for remote control while the motor is running. The acceleration time and deceleration time of this function is same as normal operation ACC1 and DEC1 (2ACC1,2DEC1). The input terminals operate according to these principles: • Acceleration - When the [UP] contact is turned ON, the output frequency accelerates from the current value.
4−28 It is possible for the inverter to retain the frequency set from the [UP] and [DWN] terminals through a power loss. Parameter C101 enables/disables the memory. If disabled, the inverter retains the last frequency before an UP/DWN adjustment. Use the [UDC] terminal to clear the memory and return to the original set output frequency. Option Code 27 Terminal Symbol UP 28 DWN 29 UDC Valid for inputs: Required settings Function Name State Remote Control UP Function (motorized speed pot.
4−29 Force Operation from Digital Operator This function permits a digital operator interface to override the following two settings in the inverter: • A001 - Frequency source setting • A002 - Run command source setting When using the [OPE] terminal input, typically A001 and A002 are configured for sources other than the digital operator interface for the output frequency and Run command sources, respectively.
4−30 Add Frequency Enable The inverter can add or subtract an offset value to the output frequency setting which is specified by A001 (will work with any of the five possible sources). The ADD Frequency is a value you can store in parameter A145. The ADD Frequency is summed with or subtracted from the output frequency setting only when the [ADD] terminal is ON. Function A146 selects whether to add or subtract.
4−31 Force Terminal Mode The purpose of this intelligent input is to allow a device to force the inverter to allow control of the following two parameters via the control terminals: • A001 - Frequency source setting (01 = control terminals [FW] and [RV] • A002 - Run command source setting (01 = control terminals [O] or [OI] Some applications will require one or both settings above to use a source other than the terminals.
4−32 Safe Stop The X200 inverter can perform the “uncontrolled stopping by removal of the motor power” which is Stop Category 0, as defined in EN60204-1. It is designed and approved suitable for the requirements of Safety Category 3 in EN954-1, which is a protection against restart, called Safe Stop.
4−33 Safety Stop switch condition Safety Stop switch Safety Stop switch S8 = ON S8 = ON Æ OFF Terminal Number Default setting Safety Stop switch S8 = OFF 1 FW FW FW 2 RV RV RV 3 CF1 EMR [HW based for 1b input] - (No func.) 4 CF2 [US ver. :USP] RS [HW based for 1a input] RS [Normal 1a] 5 RS (PTC assignable) - (No func.) - (No func.) This means that terminal 5 will be “no function” when S8 is made ON.
4−34 Using Intelligent Output Terminals The intelligent output terminals are programmable in a similar way to the intelligent input terminals. The inverter has several output functions that you can assign individually to two physical logic outputs. One of the outputs are open-collector transistors, and the other output is the alarm relay (form C – normally open and normally closed contacts).
4−35 Sinking Outputs, Open Collector The inverter has an internal relay output with normally open and normally closed contacts (Type 1 form C). The output signal that controls the relay is configurable; the Alarm Signal is the default setting. Thus, the terminals are labeled [AL0], [AL1], [AL2], as shown to the right. However, you can assign any one of the nine intelligent outputs to the relay.
4−36 Output Signal ON/OFF Delay Function Intelligent outputs including terminals [11], and the output relay, have configurable signal transition delays. Each output can delay either the OFF-to-ON or ON-to-OFF transitions, or both. Signal transition delays are variable from 0.1 to 100.0 seconds. This feature is useful in applications that must tailor inverter output signals to meet timing requirements of certain external devices.
4−37 Run Signal When the [RUN] signal is selected as an intelligent output terminal, the inverter outputs a signal on that terminal when it is in Run Mode. The output logic is active low, and is the open collector type (switch to ground). [FW,RV] Terminal Symbol RUN Valid for inputs: Required settings Function Name Run Signal State ON OFF 11, AL0 – AL2 (none) Notes: • The example circuit for terminal [11] drives a relay coil.
4−38 Frequency Arrival Signals The Frequency Arrival group of outputs help coordinate external systems with the current velocity profile of the inverter. As the name implies, output [FA1] turns ON when the output frequency arrives at the standard set frequency (parameter F001). Output [FA2] relies on programmable accel/ decel thresholds for increased flexibility.
4−39 Frequency arrival output [FA1] uses the standard output frequency (parameter F001) as the threshold for switching. In the figure to the right, Frequency Arrival [FA1] turns ON when the output frequency gets within 0.5 Hz below or 1.5 Hz above the target constant frequency. This provides hysteresis that prevents output chatter near the threshold value. The hysteresis effect causes the output to turn ON slightly early as the speed approaches the threshold. Then the turn-OFF point is slightly delayed.
4−40 Overload Advance Notice Signal When the output current exceeds a preset value, the [OL] terminal signal turns ON. The parameter C041 sets the overload threshold. The overload detection circuit operates during powered motor operation and during regenerative braking. The output circuits use open-collector transistors, and are active low.
4−41 Output Deviation for PID Control SP,PV Process variable The PID loop error is defined as the magnitude (absolute value) of the difference C044 between the Setpoint (target value) and the C044 Process Variable (actual value). When the error magnitude exceeds the preset value for C044, the [OD] terminal signal turns ON. Refer to “PID Loop Operation” on page 4– [OD] 1 56.
4−42 Alarm Signal The inverter alarm signal is active when a fault has occurred and it is in the Trip Mode (refer to the diagram at right). When the fault is cleared the alarm signal becomes inactive. STOP RESET Run Stop RUN STOP RESET We must make a distinction between the alarm Trip Fault signal AL and the alarm relay contacts [AL0], [AL1] Fault and [AL2]. The signal AL is a logic function, which Alarm signal active you can assign to the open collector output terminal [11] or the relay outputs.
4−43 The alarm relay output can be configured in two main ways: • Trip/Power Loss Alarm – The alarm relay is configured as normally closed (C036=1) by default, shown below (left). An external alarm circuit that detects broken wiring also as an alarm connects to [AL0] and [AL1]. After powerup and short delay (< 2 seconds), the relay energizes and the alarm circuit is OFF.
4−44 Analog Input Disconnect Detect This feature is useful when the inverter receives a speed reference from an external device. Upon input signal loss at either the [O] or [OI] terminal, the inverter normally just decelerates the motor to a stop. However, the inverter can use the intelligent output terminal [Dc] to signal other machinery that a signal loss has occurred. Voltage signal loss at [O] terminal - Parameter B082 is the Start Frequency Adjustment.
4−45 PID Second Stage Output The inverter has a built-in PID loop feature for two-stage control, useful for certain applications such as building ventilation or heating and cooling (HVAC). In an ideal control environment, a single PID loop controller (stage) would be adequate. However, in certain conditions, the maximum output energy from the first stage is not enough to maintain the Process Variable (PV) at or near the Setpoint (SP). And, the output of the first stage is in saturation.
4−46 To use the PID Second Stage Output feature, you will need to choose upper and lower limits for the PV, via C053 and C052 respectively. As the timing diagram below shows, these are the thresholds Stage #1 inverter uses to turn ON or OFF Stage #2 inverter via the [FBV] output. The vertical axis units are percent (%) for the PID setpoint, and for the upper and lower limits. The output frequency, in Hz, is superimposed onto the same diagram.
4−47 Option Code 07 Terminal Symbol FBV Function Name Feedback Value Check State Description ON • Transitions to ON when the inverter is in RUN Mode and the PID Process Variable (PV) is less than the Feedback Low Limit (C053) • Transitions to OFF when the PID Feedback Value (PV) exceeds the PID High Limit (C052) • Transitions to OFF when the inverter goes from Run Mode to Stop Mode Example for terminal [11] (default output configuration shown – see page 3-54): OFF Valid for inputs: Required settings
4−48 Network Detection Signal (Integrated ModBus) The Network Detection Signal output indicates the general status of network communications (integrated ModBus communication). The inverter has a programmable watchdog timer to monitor network activity. Parameter C077 sets the time-out period. If communications stop or pause longer than the specified time-out period, the NDc output turns ON.
4−49 Master Slave Time-out Watchdog timer C077 = xx.xx sec. [NDc] Alarm C076 = 00 or 01 Logic Output Function The Logic Output Function uses the inverter’s built-in logic feature. You can select any two of the other nine intelligent output options for internal inputs (use C141 and C142). Then, use C143 to configure the logic function to apply the logical AND, OR, or XOR (exclusive OR) operator as desired to the two inputs.
4−50 Option Code 09 Terminal Symbol LOG Function Name Logic Output Function State Description ON when the Boolean operation specified by C143 has a logical “1” result when the Boolean operation specified by C143 has a logical “0” result Example for terminal [11] (default output configuration shown – see page 3-54): OFF Valid for inputs: Required settings Notes: 11, AL0 – AL2 C141, C142, C143 Inverter output terminal circuit LOG CM2 11 RY Inverter Mounting and installation Example for terminal
4−51 Network Detection Signal (FieldBus Option) The Network Detection Signal output indicates the general status of network communications when using a FieldBus option. The inverter has a programmable watchdog timer to monitor network activity. Parameter P044 sets the time-out period. If communications stop or pause longer than the specified time-out period, the ODc output turns ON.
4−52 Low Load Detection Signal The Low Load Detection Signal output indicates the general status of the inverter output current. When the output current becomes less than the value specified by C039, the LOC output turns ON.
4−53 Analog Input Operation The X200 inverters provide for analog input to command the inverter frequency output value. The analog input terminal group includes the [L], [OI], [O], and [H] terminals on the control connector, which provide for Voltage [O] or Current [OI] input. All analog input signals must use the analog ground [L]. If you use either the voltage or current analog input, you must select one of them using the logic input terminal function [AT] analog type.
4−54 The following table shows the available analog input settings. Parameter A005 and the input terminal [AT] determine the External Frequency Command input terminals that are available, and how they function. The analog inputs [O] and [OI] use terminal [L] as the reference (signal return). A005 02 03 04 05 [AT] Input ON OFF ON OFF (ignored) (ignored) Analog Input Configuration Keypad Pot [O] Keypad Pot [OI] [O] [OI] NOTE: You cannot give [O] and [OI] input simultaneously on X200 series inverter.
4−55 Analog Output Operation In inverter applications it is useful to monitor the inverter operation from a remote location or from the front panel of an inverter enclosure. In some cases, this requires only a panel-mounted volt meter. In other cases, a controller such as a PLC may provide the inverter’s frequency command, and require inverter feedback data (such as output frequency or output current) to confirm actual operation. The analog output terminal [AM] serves these purposes.
4−56 PID Loop Operation In standard operation, the inverter uses a reference source selected by parameter A001 for the output frequency, which may be a fixed value (F001), a variable set by the front panel potentiometer, or value from an analog input (voltage or current). To enable PID operation, set A071=01. This causes the inverter to calculate the target freq, or setpoint. A calculated target frequency can have a lot of advantages.
4−57 PID Loop Configuration The inverter’s PID loop algorithm is configurable for various applications. PID Output Limit - The PID loop controller has a built-in output limit function. This function monitors the difference between the PID setpoint and the loop output (inverter output frequency), measured as a percentage of the full scale range of each. The limit is specified by parameter A078.
4−58 Configuring the Inverter for Multiple Motors Simultaneous Connections For some applications, you may need to connect two or more motors (wired in parallel) to a single inverter’s output. For example, this is common in conveyor applications where two separate conveyors need to have approximately the same speed. The use of two motors may be less expensive than making the mechanical link for one motor to drive multiple conveyors.
4−59 Having two motor profiles lets you store two “personalities” for motors in one inverter’s memory. The inverter allows the final selection between the two motor types to be made in the field through the use of an intelligent input terminal function [SET]. This provides an extra level of flexibility needed in particular situations. See the following table. Parameters for the second motor have a function code of the form x2xx.
5−1 Inverter System Accessories In This Chapter… 5 page - Introduction...................................................................................... 2 - Component Description .................................................................. 3 - Dynamic Braking..............................................................................
5−2 Introduction Introduction A motor control system will obviously include a motor and inverter, as well as fuses for safety. If you are connecting a motor to the inverter on a test bench just to get started, that’s all you may need for now. But a fully developed system can also have a variety of additional components. Some can be for noise suppression, while others may enhance the inverter’s braking performance.
5−3 Component Descriptions AC Reactors, Input Side This is useful in suppressing harmonics induced on the power supply lines, or when the main power voltage imbalance exceeds 3% (and power source capacity is more than 500 kVA), or to smooth out line fluctuations. It also improves the power factor.
5−4 Zero-phase Reactor (RF Noise Filter) The zero-phase reactor helps reduce radiated noise from the inverter wiring. It can be used on the input or output side of the inverter. The example zero-phase reactor shown to the right comes with a mounting bracket. The wiring must go through the opening to reduce the RF component of the electrical noise. Loop the wires three times (four turns) to attain the full RF filtering effect.
5−5 DC Link Choke The DC choke (reactor) suppresses harmonics generated by the inverter. It attenuates the high-frequency components on the inverter’s internal DC bus (link). However, note that it does not protect the diode rectifiers in the inverter input circuit. Dynamic Braking Introduction The purpose of dynamic braking is to improve the ability of the inverter to stop (decelerate) the motor and load.
6−1 Troubleshooting and Maintenance In This Chapter… 6 page - Troubleshooting............................................................................... 2 - Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions.............................. 5 - Restoring Factory Default Settings ................................................ 8 - Maintenance and Inspection........................................................... 9 - Warranty ........................................................................
6−2 Troubleshooting Safety Messages Please read the following safety messages before troubleshooting or performing maintenance on the inverter and motor system. WARNING: Wait at least five (5) minutes after turning OFF the input power supply before performing maintenance or an inspection. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock. WARNING: Make sure that only qualified personnel will perform maintenance, inspection, and part replacement.
6−3 Troubleshooting Tips The table below lists typical symptoms and the corresponding solution(s).
6−4 Symptom/condition Probable Cause • If using the analog input, is the current or voltage at [O] or [OI]? • Is the load too heavy? The motor speed will not reach the target frequency (desired speed).
6−5 Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions Fault Detection and Clearing The microprocessor in the inverter detects a variety STOP RESET of fault conditions and captures the event, Run Stop recording it in a history table. The inverter output RUN turns OFF, or “trips” similar to the way a circuit STOP RESET breaker trips due to an over-current condition. Most faults occur when the motor is running (refer Trip Fault Fault to the diagram to the right).
6−6 Error Code Name E 13 USP E 14 Ground fault E 15 Input over-voltage E 21 Inverter thermal trip E 30 Driver error E 35 Thermistor E 37 Safety Stop E 60 Communications error --- Under-voltage (brownout) with output shutoff Cause(s) When the Unattended Start Protection (USP) is enabled, an error occurred when power is applied while a Run signal is present. The inverter trips and does not go into Run Mode until the error is cleared.
6−7 Trip History and Inverter Status We recommend that you first find the cause of the fault before clearing it. When a fault occurs, the inverter stores important performance data at the moment of the fault. To access the data, use the monitor functions (Dxxx) and select D081 for details about the present fault (En). The previous two faults are stored in D082 and D083, with D(En-1 and En-2). Each error shifts D081–D082 to D082–D083, and writes the new error to D081.
6−8 Restoring Factory Default Settings You can restore all inverter parameters to the original factory (default) settings for the intended country of use. After initializing the inverter, use the powerup test in Chapter 2 to get the motor running again. To initialize the inverter, follow the steps below. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Action Display Use the FUNC , 1 , and 2 keys to navigate to the “B” Group. Press the FUNC key. 7 8 9 10 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 11 First “B” parameter selected.
6−9 Maintenance and Inspection Monthly and Yearly Inspection Chart Item Inspected Ambient environment Overall Major devices Power supply voltage Check for… Extreme temperatures & humidity Abnormal noise & vib.
6−10 Megger test The megger is a piece of test equipment that uses a high voltage to determine if an insulation degradation has occurred. For inverters, it is important that the power terminals be isolated from the Earth GND terminal via the proper amount of insulation. The circuit diagram below shows the inverter wiring for performing the megger test. Just follow the steps to perform the test: 1. Remove power from the inverter and wait at least 5 minutes before proceeding. 2.
6−11 Spare parts We recommend that you stock spare parts to reduce down time, including these parts: Part description Symbol Cooling fan FAN Case CV Quantity Used Spare 1 1 1 1 Notes 015S, 022S, 015N, 022N, 015L, 022L, 037L 015HF to 040HF • Housing cover • Main case • Terminal covers Capacitor Life Curves The DC bus inside the inverter uses a large capacitor as shown in the diagram below. The capacitor handles high voltage and current as it smoothes the power for use by the inverter.
6−12 General Inverter Electrical Measurements The following table specifies how to measure key system electrical parameters. The diagrams on the next page show inverter-motor systems and the location of measurement points for these parameters.
6−13 The figures below show measurement locations for voltage, current, and power measurements listed in the table on the previous page. The voltage to be measured is the fundamental wave effective voltage. The power to be measured is the total effective power.
6−14 Inverter Output Voltage Measurement Techniques Troubleshooting and Maintenance Taking voltage measurements around drives equipment requires the right equipment and a safe approach. You are working with high voltages and high-frequency switching waveforms that are not pure sinusoids. Digital voltmeters will not usually produce reliable readings for these waveforms. And, it is usually risky to connect high voltage signals to oscilloscopes.
6−15 IGBT Test Method The following procedure will check the inverter transistors (IGBTs) and diodes: 1. Disconnect input power to terminals [R, S, and T] and motor terminals [U, V, and W]. 2. Disconnect any wires from terminals [+] and [–] for regenerative braking. 3. Use a Digital Volt Meter (DVM) and set it for 1Ω resistance range. You can check the status of the charging state of terminals [R, S, T, U, V, W, +, and –] of the inverter and the probe of the DVM by measuring the charging state.
6−16 Warranty Warranty Terms The warranty period under normal installation and handling conditions shall be eighteen (18) months from the date of purchase, or twelve (12) months from the date of installation, whichever occurs first. The warranty shall cover the repair or replacement, at Hitachi's sole discretion, of ONLY the inverter that was installed. 1. Service in the following cases, even within the warranty period, shall be charged to the purchaser: a.
A−1 In This Appendix… A Appendix A Glossary and Bibliography page - Glossary ........................................................................................... 2 - Bibliography.....................................................................................
A−2 Appendix A Glossary Ambient Temperature The air temperature in the chamber containing a powered electronic unit. A unit’s heat sinks rely on a lower ambient temperature in order to dissipate heat away from sensitive electronics. Arrival Frequency The arrival frequency refers to the set output frequency of the inverter for the constant speed setting. The arrival frequency feature turns on an output when the inverter reaches the set constant speed.
A−3 The inverter DC braking feature stops the AC commutation to the motor, and sends a DC current through the motor windings in order to stop the motor. Also called “DC injection braking,” it has little effect at high speed, and is used as the motor is nearing a stop. Deadband In a control system, the range of input change for which there is no perceptible change in the output. In PID loops, the error term may have a dead band associated with it.
Appendix A A−4 Free-run Stop A method of stopping a motor, caused when the inverter simply turns OFF its motor output connections. This may allow the motor and load to coast to a stop, or a mechanical brake may intervene and shorten the deceleration time. Frequency Setting While frequency has a broad meaning in electronics, it typically refers to motor speed for variable-frequency drives (inverters).
A−5 Usually done manually, a jog command from an operator’s panel requests the motor/drive system to run indefinitely in a particular direction, until the machine operator ends the jog operation. Jump Frequency A jump frequency is a point on the inverter output frequency range that you want the inverter to skip around. This feature may be used to avoid a resonant frequency, and you can program up to three jump frequencies in the inverter.
Appendix A A−6 Process Variable A physical property of a process that is of interest because it affects the quality of the primary task accomplished by the process. For an industrial oven, temperature is the process variable. See also PID Loop and Error. PWM Pulse-width modulation: A type of AC adjustable frequency drive that accomplishes frequency and voltage control at the output section (inverter) of the drive.
A−7 The setpoint is the desired value of a process variable of interest. See also Process Variable (PV) and PID Loop. Single-phase power An AC power source consisting of Hot and Neutral wires. An Earth Ground connection usually accompanies them. In theory, the voltage potential on Neutral stays at or near Earth Ground, while Hot varies sinusoidally above and below Neutral. This power source is named Single Phase to differentiate it from three-phase power sources.
Appendix A A−8 Torque The rotational force exerted by a motor shaft. The units of measurement consist of the distance (radius from shaft center axis) and force (weight) applied at that distance. Units are usually given as pound-feet, ounce-inches, or Newton-meters. Transistor A solid state, three-terminal device that provides amplification of signals and can be used for switching and control. While transistors have a linear operating range, inverters use them as high-powered switches.
B−1 ModBus Network Communications page - Introduction...................................................................................... 2 - Connecting the Inverter to ModBus ............................................... 3 - Network Protocol Reference........................................................... 6 - ModBus Data Listing .....................................................................
B−2 Introduction X200 Series inverters have built-in RS-485 serial communications, featuring the ModBus RTU protocol. The inverters can connect directly to existing factory networks or work with new networked applications, without any extra interface equipment. The specifications for X200 serial communications are in the following table.
B−3 Connecting the Inverter to ModBus Follow these steps in this section to connect the inverter to the ModBus network. 1. Open Serial Port Cover - The inverter keypad has a hinged dust cover protecting the serial port connector. Lift the cover from the bottom edge, and tilt upward as shown below. RJ45 connector 3. Cable Wiring - The inverter communications port uses RS485 differential transceiver. The pinout is shown to the right and listed below.
B−4 4. Terminate Network Wiring - The RS-485 wiring must be terminated at each physical end to suppress electrical reflections and help decrease transmission errors. The X200 communications port does not include a termination resistor. Therefore, you will need to add termination to the inverter if it is at the end of the network wiring. Select termination resistors that match the characteristic impedance of the network cable.
B−5 6. Inverter Parameter Setup - The inverter has several settings related to ModBus communications. The table below lists them together. The Required column indicates which parameters must be set properly to allow communications. You may need to refer to the host computer documentation in order to match some of its settings. Func.
B−6 Network Protocol Reference Transmission procedure Appendix B The transmission between the external control equipment and the inverter takes the procedure below. • Query - A frame sent from the external control equipment to the inverter • Response - A frame returned from inverter to the external control equipment The inverter returns the response only after the inverter receives a query from the external control equipment and does not output the response positively.
B−7 Data: • A function command is set here. • The data format used in the X200 series is corresponding to the Modbus data format below. Name of Data Coil Holding Register Description Binary data that can be referenced and changed ( 1 bit long) 16-bit data that can be referenced and changed Specify a function you want to make the inverter execute. Function codes available to the X200 series are listed below.
B−8 Message Configuration: Response Transmission time required: Appendix B • A time period between reception of a query from the master and transmission of a response from the inverter is the sum of the silent interval (3.5 characters long) + C078 (transmission latency time). • The master must provide a time period of the silent interval (3.5 characters long or longer) before sending another query to an inverter after receiving a response from the inverter.
B−9 No response occurs: In the cases below, the inverter ignores a query and returns no response. • When receiving a broadcasting query • When detecting a transmission error in reception of a query • When the slave address set in the query is not equal to the slave address of the inverter • When the data length of the query is invalid NOTE: Provide a timer in the master and make the master retransmit the same query when no response is made within a preset time period after the preceding query was sent.
B−10 Explanation of function codes Read Coil Status [01h]: This function reads the status (ON/OFF) of selected coils. An example follows below. • Read intelligent input terminals [1] to [5] of an inverter having a slave address “8.” Appendix B • This example assumes the intelligent input terminals have terminal states listed below. Item Intelligent input terminal Coil number Coil Status Data [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 7 ON 8 OFF 9 ON 10 OFF 11 OFF Query: No.
B−11 Read Holding Register [03h]: This function reads the contents of the specified number of consecutive holding registers (of specified register addresses). An example follows below. • Reading Trip monitor 1 factor and trip frequency, current, and voltage from an inverter having a slave address “1” • This example assumes the previous three trip factors are as follows: D081 (factor) 0012h D081 (frequency) 0014h D081 (output current) 0016h D081 (DC-bus Voltage) 0017h Over-Current (E03) 9.9Hz 3.
B−12 Appendix B The data set in the response is as follows: Response Buffer Register Number 4-5 12+0 (high order) Register Data Trip data Response Buffer Register Number 0003h Trip factor (E03) 10-11 12+3 (high 12+3 order) (low order) 00h 00h Not used Register Data Trip data 6-7 12+1 12+1 (low (high order) order) 00h 00h Not used 12-13 12+4 12+4 (low (high order) order) 001Eh Output current (3.0A) 12+0 (low order) 12+2 (high order) 8-9 12+2 (low order) 0063h Frequency (9.
B−13 Write in Holding Register [06h]: This function writes data in a specified holding register. An example follows: • Write “50Hz” as the first Multi-speed 0 (A020) in an inverter having slave address “5.” • This example uses change data “500(1F4h)” to set “50Hz” as the data resolution of the register “1029h” holding the first Multi-speed 0 (A020) is 0.1Hz No.
B−14 Loopback Test [08h]: This function checks a master-slave transmission using any test data. An example follows: • Send test data to an inverter having slave address “1” and receiving the test data from the inverter (as a loopback test). Appendix B Query: No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Field Name Slave address *1 Function code Test subcode (high order) Test subcode (low order) Data (high order) Data (low order) CRC-16 (high order) CRC-16 (low order) Note 1: Example (Hex) 01 08 00 Response: No.
B−15 Write in Coils [0Fh]: This function writes data in consecutive coils. An example follows: • Change the state of intelligent input terminal [1] to [5] of an inverter having a slave address “8.” • This example assumes the intelligent input terminals have terminal states listed below. Query: No.
B−16 Write in Holding Registers [10h]: This function writes data in consecutive holding registers. An example follows: • Write “3000 seconds” as the first acceleration time 1 (F002) in an inverter having a slave address “8.” Appendix B • This example uses change data “300000(493E0h)” to set “3000 seconds” as the data resolution of the registers “1014h” and “1015h” holding the first acceleration time 1 (F002) is 0.01 second. Query: No.
B−17 Exception Response: When sending a query (excluding a broadcasting query) to an inverter, the master always requests a response from the inverter. Usually, the inverter returns a response according to the query. However, when finding an error in the query, the inverter returns an exception response. The exception response consists of the fields shown below. The content of each field is explained below. The function code of the exception response is the sum of the function code of the query and 80h.
B−18 Store New Register Data (ENTER command) Appendix B After being written in a selected holding register by the Write in Holding Register command (06h) or in selected holding registers by the Write in Holding Registers command (10h), new data is temporary and still outside the storage element of the inverter. If power to the inverter is shut off, this new data is lost and the previous data returns. The ENTER command is used to store this new data in the storage element of the inverter.
B−19 ModBus Data Listing ModBus Coil List The following tables list the primary coils for the inverter interface to the network. The table legend is given below. • Coil Number - The network register address offset for the coil. The coil data is a single bit (binary) value.
B−20 List of Coil Numbers Coil Number 0014h R/W Alarm signal R R R R 0019h 001Ah PID deviation signal Overload signal Frequency arrival signal (set frequency or above) Frequency arrival signal (at constant speed) Run Mode signal Data writing 001Bh 001Ch 001Dh 001Eh 001Fh CRC error Overrun error Framing error Parity error Check sum error R R R R R 0015h 0016h 0017h Appendix B Name 0018h Description 0…Normal 1…Trip 0…OFF 1…ON R R R 0…Normal status 1…Writing 0…No error *2 1…Error Note 1: ON usu
B−21 ModBus Holding Registers The following tables list the holding registers for the inverter interface to the network. The table legend is given below. • Function Code - The inverter’s reference code for the parameter or function (same as inverter keypad display) • Name - The standard functional name of the parameter or function for the inverter • Description - How the parameter or setting works (same as Chapter 3 description). • Reg. - The network register address offset for the value.
B−22 The following table lists holding registers for the “D” Group Monitor Functions. List of Holding Registers Appendix B Func. Code D001 Name R/W Description Output frequency monitor R D002 Output current monitor *1 R D003 Rotation direction monitor R Real-time display of output frequency to motor, from 0.0 to 400.0 Hz Filtered display of output current to motor (100 ms internal filter time constant), range is 0 to 200% of inverter rated current Three different indications: 00...Stop 01...
B−23 List of Holding Registers Func.
B−24 Appendix B List of Holding Registers Func. Code F002 (high) F002 (low) F202 (high) F202 (low) F003 (high) F003 (low) F203 (high) F203 (low) F004 Name Acceleration (1) time setting *1 Acceleration (1) time setting, 2nd motor *1 Deceleration (1) time setting *1 Deceleration (1) time setting, 2nd motor *1 Keypad Run key routing Note 1: R/W Description R/W Standard default acceleration, range is 0.01 to 3000 sec. R/W Reg. 1014h Network Data Range Res. 1 to 0.01 sec.
B−25 The following table lists the holding registers for the “A” Group Standard Functions. List of Holding Registers Func.
B−26 List of Holding Registers Appendix B Func. Code A020 Name Multi-speed 0 setting R/W Description R/W Defines the first speed of a multi-speed profile, range is 0.0 / start frequency to 400 Hz A020 = Speed 0 (1st motor) R/W Defines the first speed of a multi-speed profile, range is 0.0 / start frequency to 400 Hz A220 = Speed 0 (2nd motor) R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Defines 15 more speeds, R/W range is 0.0 / start frequency to R/W 400 Hz. A021= Speed 1...
B−27 List of Holding Registers Func. Code A051 A052 A054 A055 A056 A061 A261 A062 A262 A063, A065, A067 A064, A066, A068 DC braking enable R/W Description R/W Two options; select codes: 00...Disable 01... Enable 02...
B−28 Appendix B List of Holding Registers Func.
B−29 List of Holding Registers A294 A095 A295 A096 A296 A097 A098 A101 A102 A103 Name R/W Description Network Data Range Res. 1 to 0.1 sec 300000 *1 1075h Reg. 1074h Acceleration (2) time setting R/W Duration of 2nd segment of acceleration, range is: R/W 0.01 to 3000 sec. Acceleration (2) time setting, 2nd motor R/W Duration of 2nd segment of acceleration, 2nd motor, range is: R/W 0.01 to 3000 sec. Deceleration (2) time setting R/W Duration of 2nd segment of deceleration, range is: R/W 0.
B−30 List of Holding Registers Appendix B Func.
B−31 The following table lists the holding registers for the “B” Group Fine Tuning Functions. List of Holding Registers Func. Code B001 B003 B004 B005 B011 B012 B212 B013 B213 Selection of automatic restart mode R/W Description R/W Select inverter restart method, Four option codes: 00…Alarm output after trip, no automatic restart 01…Restart at 0Hz 02…Resume operation after frequency matching 03…Resume previous freq. after freq.
B−32 List of Holding Registers Appendix B Func.
B−33 List of Holding Registers Func. Code B052 Name OV-LAD Stop level of non stop operation setting B053 Deceleration time of (high) non stop operation B053 setting (low) B054 Frequency width of quick deceleration setting B055 DC bus AVR P-gain B056 B080 B082 B083 B084 B085 R/W Description Network Data Reg. Range Res. 10CBh 0 to 10000 0.1 V R/W Setting the OV-LAD stop level of non stop operation. Range is 0.0 to 1000.0 R/W Range is 0.01 to 3000 10CCh 1 to 300000 0.
B−34 List of Holding Registers Func. Name Code B086 Frequency scaling conversion factor B087 B089 B091 B092 B130 B131 Description R/W Specify a constant to scale the displayed frequency for D007 monitor, range is 0.1 to 99.
B−35 List of Holding Registers Func. Name Code B133 DC bus AVR selection Appendix B B134 B140 B150 B151 R/W Description R/W Two option codes: 00…Disabled 01…Enabled Threshold voltage of R/W Setting of threshold voltage of DC bus DC bus AVR setting voltage to start DC bus AVR function.
B−36 The following table lists the holding registers for the “C” Group Intelligent Input Functions.
B−37 List of Holding Registers Appendix B Func.
B−38 C102 Reset selection C141 Input A select for logic output Input B select for logic output Logic function select C142 C143 Determines response to Reset input [RS].
B−39 List of Holding Registers Func. Code C144 C145 C148 C149 Name R/W Terminal [11] ON delay Terminal [11] OFF delay Output relay ON delay Output relay OFF delay R/W R/W R/W R/W Note 1: Description Range is 0.0 to 100.0 sec. Range is 0.0 to 100.0 sec. Range is 0.0 to 100.0 sec. Range is 0.0 to 100.0 sec. Network Data Reg. Range Res. 1153h 0 to 1000 0.1 sec 1154h 0 to 1000 0.1 sec 1157h 0 to 1000 0.1 sec 1158h 0 to 1000 0.1 sec Assume that the inverter current rating is 10000 (for C041).
C−1 Drive Parameter Setting Tables In This Appendix… C page - Introduction...................................................................................... 2 - Parameter Settings for Keypad Entry ............................................
C−2 Introduction This appendix lists the user-programmable parameters for the X200 series inverters and the default values for European and U.S. product types. The right-most column of the tables is blank, so you can record values you have changed from the default. This involves just a few parameters for most applications. This appendix presents the parameters in a format oriented toward the keypad on the inverter.
C−3 Standard Functions NOTE:. Mark “9” in B031=10 shows the accessible parameters when B031 is set “10”, high level access.
Appendix C C−4 “A” Group Parameters Func.
C−5 Default Setting -FE -FU (EU) (USA) 00 00 B031 =10 User Setting U 00 00 U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U U 00 00 0.0 00 00 0.0 U U 9 0.0 0.0 9 0. 100. 01 01 02 00 0.0 00 0.0 0.0 0. 100. 01 0. 100. 01 01 02 00 0.0 00 0.0 0.0 0. 100. 01 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Appendix C “A” Group Parameters Func.
C−6 Fine Tuning Functions Appendix C “B” Group Parameters Func.
C−7 “B” Group Parameters Func.
C−8 Intelligent Terminal Functions Appendix C “C” Group Parameters Func.
C−9 “C” Group Parameters Func. Code C086 C091 C101 C102 C141 C142 C143 C144 C145 C148 C149 Name AM offset calibration Debug mode enable Up/Down memory mode selection Reset selection Input A select for logic output Input B select for logic output Logic function select Terminal [11] ON delay Terminal [11] OFF delay Output relay ON delay Output relay OFF delay Default Setting -FE -FU (EU) (USA) 0.0 0.0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 00 00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.
CE-EMC Installation Guidelines In This Appendix… D−1 D page - CE-EMC Installation Guidelines...................................................... 2 - Hitachi EMC Recommendations .....................................................
D−2 CE-EMC Installation Guidelines You are required to satisfy the EMC directive (89/336/EEC) when using an X200 inverter in an EU country. To satisfy the EMC directive and to comply with standard, follow the guidelines in this section. 1. As user you must ensure that the HF (high frequency) impedance between adjustable frequency inverter, filter, and ground is as small as possible. • Ensure that the connections are metallic and have the largest possible contact areas (zinc-plated mounting plates). 2.
D−3 4. Take measures to minimize interference that is frequently coupled in through installation cables. • Separate interfering cables with 0.25m minimum from cables susceptible to interference. A particularly critical point is laying parallel cables over longer distances. If two cables intersect (one crosses over the other), the interference is smallest if they intersect at an angle of 90°.
D−4 Installation for X200 series (example of SFEF models) Power supply 1-ph.
D−5 Hitachi EMC Recommendations WARNING: This equipment should be installed, adjusted, and serviced by qualified personal familiar with construction and operation of the equipment and the hazards involved. Failure to observe this precaution could result in bodily injury. Use the following checklist to ensure the inverter is within proper operating ranges and conditions. 1.
Index A A Group functions 3–10 AC reactors 5–3 Acceleration 1–16, 3–9 characteristic curves 3–27 second function 3–25 two-stage 4–17 Access levels 3–5, 3–36, 4–21 Accessories 5–2 ADD frequency 3–30 enable input 4–30 Alarm signal 4–35, 4–42 Algorithms, torque control 3–5, 3–65 Ambient temperature 2–10, A–2 Analog inputs calibration settings 3–61 current/voltage select 4–22 disconnect detect 4–44 operation 4–51 settings 3–13, 3–28 wiring examples 4–53 Analog outputs configuration 3–58 operation 4–53 Arrival
Index−2 Choke 2–7, 5–3, A–2 Chopper frequency 3–40 Circuit breaker sizes xv Clearance for ventilation 2–10 Coasting 3–42 Connectors logic terminals 2–5 removal 2–5 serial port 2–4, B–3 Constant torque 3–16 Constant volts/hertz operation 1–13 Contact information xix Control algorithms 3–16 Copy unit 1–3, 3–2 Cover removal 2–3 Current input 3–13 Current overload 2–32, 3–34 Current/voltage analog input select 4–22 D D Group parameters 3–6 DC braking 3–19, 4–15, A–3 DC Bus AVR 3–46 Deadband A–3 Deceleration 1–1
Index−3 G Glossary of terms A–2 H H Group parameters 3–65 Harmonics A–4 History of trip events 3–7 Horsepower A–4 I IGBT 1–12, A–4 test method 6–15 Inertia A–4 Initialization 6–8 codes 3–40 Input circuits 4–4, 4–8 Inspection electrical measurements 6–12 IGBT test method 6–15 measurement techniques 6–14 procedures 6–9 unpacking 2–2 Installation instructions 2–8 Insulation test 6–10 Integral gain 3–22 Intelligent input terminals 3–49, 4–8 Intelligent output terminals 3–54, 4–34 Intelligent terminals definitio
Index−4 N Nameplate 1–4 Navigational map 2–28, 3–4 trip events 6–7 NEC A–5 NEMA definition A–5 rated installation 1–3 Network communications 1–17, 2–5, B–2 detection signal 4–48 error code 6–6 ModBus data listing B–19 parameter settings B–5 protocol reference B–6 termination resistor B–4 Noise filters 5–2 Non stop operation at power OFF 3–38 AC reactor 2–7 O OPE/485 serial port configuration 2–5, B–4 Open-collector outputs 4–34, A–5 Operational modes 3–5 Operator interfaces 1–3 Optional components 1–2, 2–7
Index−5 R Ratings label 1–4 Reactance A–6 Read/write copy unit 1–3 Rectifier A–6 Reduced torque 3–16 Regenerative braking A–6 Regulation A–6 Regulatory agency approvals 1–4 Relay alarm signal contacts 4–42 as intelligent output 4–35 Remote control 4–27 Reset function 3–62, 4–23 Restart Mode configuration 3–42 Reverse run command 4–11 Reverse torque A–6 Revision history xviii RF noise filter 5–4 RJ-45 modular connector 2–4, B–3 Rotor A–6 RPM 2–35 Run command 4–11 Run command source setting 2–30, 3–10, 4–29,
Index−6 T Tachometer A–7 Technical support xix Term definitions A–2 Terminal/program source configuration ,2–30, 3–10 Terminals arrangement 2–21 listing 4–7 torque specs xiii, 2–20 Termination resistor, network B–4 Thermal protection inverter, error code 6–6 motor 4–24 Thermal switch A–7 Thermistor definition A–7 error code 6–6 input terminal 4–24 Three-phase power definition A–8 motor phase connections 1–13 wiring precautions 2–18 Three-wire interface operation 4–25 Torque 1–13, A–8 Torque boost 3–16 Torqu
