user manual

Appendices
214 UDA2182 Universal Dual Analyzer Product Manual January 2009
Softener Monitor
Softener monitoring by conductivity ratio gives a continuous indication of performance.
Sodium is typically more conductive than the hardness minerals it displaces, yielding a
higher conductivity at the outlet. A ratio approaching 1 indicates that hardness ions are
breaking through and that regeneration is needed.
(HARD) WATER SUPPLY
CELL 2
CELL 1
(SOFT) TREATED WATER
Softening Ratio =
Typical Ratio Range is 1 to 1.25
Cell1
Cell2
Cell1
Cell2
(HARD) WATER SUPPLY
CELL 2
CELL 1
(SOFT) TREATED WATER
Softening Ratio =
Typical Ratio Range is 1 to 1.25
Cell1
Cell2
Cell1
Cell2
Steam Power Measurements
The three conductivity measurements in power plants relate to water chemistry
parameters as follows:
• Specific conductivity -- chemical treatment level
• Cation conductivity -- total anion contaminants
• Degassed conductivity -- non-volatile anion contaminants
• Cation minus degassed conductivities -- carbon dioxide