User’s Guide DSn/SONET Operation HP 37718A OmniBER 718
Copyright HewlettPackard Ltd.1998 All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaption, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws. HP Part No. 37718-90022 Warranty WARNING The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
User’s Guide DSn/SONET Operation HP 37718A OmniBER 718
About This Book This book tells you how to select the features that you want to use for your test. The selections available are presented in the following groups: • Transmit and receive interfaces • Test features, for example, the addition of errors and alarms to the test signal • Measurements including test timing • Storing, logging and printing results with general printer information • Using instrument and disk storage • Using the “Other” features.
Contents 1 Setting the Interfaces Setting DSn Transmit Interface 2 Setting SONET Transmit Interface 4 Setting Jitter Transmit Interface 7 Setting Wander Transmit Interface 9 Setting SONET THRU Mode 11 Using Smart Test 13 Setting DSn Receive Interface 15 Setting SONET Receive Interface 17 Setting Jitter Receive Interface 18 Setting Extended Jitter Receive Interface 19 Setting Wander Receive Interface 20 2 Selecting Test Features Using Transmit Overhead Setup 22 Using Receive Overhead Monitor 24 Setting Ove
Contents Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test Signal 43 Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal 46 Adding Errors & Alarms at the SONET Interface 49 Adding Errors & Alarms to the DSn Interface/DSn Payload 50 Using FEAC Codes 51 Setting DSn Spare Bits 53 Adding Pointer Adjustments 54 Using Pointer Graph Test Function 61 Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits 63 Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages 64 Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel 65 3 Making Measurements Using Overhead BE
Contents Measuring Jitter Transfer 92 4 Storing, Logging and Printing Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store 98 Recalling Stored Graph Results 99 Viewing the Bar Graph Display 101 Viewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries 103 Logging Graph Displays 105 Logging Results 107 Logging on Demand 110 Logging Jitter Tolerance Results 112 Logging Jitter Transfer Results 114 Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer 116 Logging Results to HP-IB Printer 117 Logging Results to Internal Printer 118 Lo
Contents Labeling a Disk 132 Managing Files and Directories on Disk 133 Saving Graphics Results to Disk 140 Saving Data Logging to Disk 142 Saving Configurations to Disk 143 Recalling Configuration from Disk 144 Recalling Graphics Results from Disk 145 Copying Configuration from Instrument Store to Disk 146 Copying Configuration from Disk to Instrument Store 148 Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk 150 6 Selecting and Using "Other" Features Coupling Transmit and Receive Settings 154 Sett
Contents 7 STS-1 SPE Background Patterns 8 ETSI/ANSI Terminology ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms 170 ix
Contents x
1 1 Setting the Interfaces This chapter tells you how to set the instrument interfaces to match the network being tested.
Setting the Interfaces Setting DSn Transmit Interface Description DSn transmit interface settings should match network equipment settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload to be tested. TIP: To set the Transmitter and Receiver to the same interface settings choose OTHER SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED . HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL rate. Rates of DS1, DS3, 2 Mb/s and 34 Mb/s are available.
Setting the Interfaces Setting DSn Transmit Interface 3 If DS1 or DS3 is chosen, choose the required OUTPUT LEVEL. 4 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose the required TERMINATION. (At all other signal rates the impedance is fixed). 5 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s or DS1 as the SIGNAL rate, choose the required LINE CODE. (At 34 Mb/s and DS3 coding is fixed). 6 If required, choose the FREQUENCY OFFSET value. See “Adding Frequency Offset to the DSn Signal” page 33.
Setting the Interfaces Setting SONET Transmit Interface Setting SONET Transmit Interface Description SONET transmit interface settings should match the network equipment settings of Rate, Wavelength and Mapping, determine the payload to be tested and set background conditions to prevent alarms while testing. TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same interface settings choose OTHER SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED . HOW TO: 1 Make your choice of SIGNAL rate.
Setting the Interfaces Setting SONET Transmit Interface 4 Choose FOREGROUND F/G MAPPING , BACKGROUND B/G MAPPING MAPPING and type of payload. Mapping may be selected from a pictorial display by moving the cursor to MAPPING and pressing SET . Use and to move between STS Layer choice, VT Layer choice and Payload Layer choice. Use and to choose the mapping. Use SET to confirm your choice and return to the SONET MAIN SETTINGS display.
Setting the Interfaces Setting SONET Transmit Interface If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or DS3 under Mapping, the Framed choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types. 9 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity. 10 Choose the mapping required in the background (non-test) STS’s. 11 If VT mapping is chosen for the test STS, choose the PATTERN IN OTHER VT’s.
Setting the Interfaces Setting Jitter Transmit Interface Setting Jitter Transmit Interface Description: You can add jitter to the transmitted DSn or SONET signal at 2 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s, STS-3, OC-3, OC-12, and OC-48. You can source the jitter modulation internally or from an external source. HOW TO: 1 If you are adding jitter to the DSn signal, set up the DSn transmit interface. See Chapter “Setting DSn Transmit Interface”. 2 If you are adding jitter to the SONET signal, set up the SONET transmit interface.
Setting the Interfaces Setting Jitter Transmit Interface 5 Choose the modulation source. If adding jitter to the DSn signal and EXTERNAL is chosen, connect the external source to the MOD IN port of the DSn Jitter TX module. Up to 10 UI of external jitter modulation can be added at the MOD IN port. If adding jitter to the SDH signal and EXTERNAL is chosen, connect the external source to the MOD IN port of the SONET Clock module. Up to 20 UI of external jitter modulation can be added at the MOD IN port.
Setting the Interfaces Setting Wander Transmit Interface Setting Wander Transmit Interface Description: You can add Wander to the 2 Mb/s DSn signal and the STS-3, OC-3, OC-12 or OC-48 SONET signal. HOW TO: DSn Wander (2 Mb/s) 1 Connect REF OUT on the SONET Clock module to REF IN on the DSn Jitter TX module (this provides the Wander Reference). 2 Set up the DSn transmit interface, choose CLOCK SYNC 2M REF and select the SOURCE required from the menu. See “Setting DSn Transmit Interface” page 2.
Setting the Interfaces Setting Wander Transmit Interface 6 Choose the WANDER MASK setting required. You can choose the wander modulating frequency and wander amplitude if OFF is chosen. If you choose SPOT , you can choose the "spot" wander frequency. The wander amplitude is adjusted and controlled according to your wander frequency choice. SONET Wander (STS-3, OC-3, OC-12, OC-48) 7 Set up the SONET transmit interface. See “Setting SONET Transmit Interface” page 4. 8 Choose JITTER/WANDER WANDER .
Setting the Interfaces Setting SONET THRU Mode Setting SONET THRU Mode Description THRU mode is used to non-intrusively monitor SONET lines where no protected monitor points are available. As THRU mode locks some user settings, you must set SIGNAL RATE, STS rate, STS-1 SPE CHANNEL (if appropriate) before selecting THRU mode. The entire frame can be errorred at a user defined rate if PAYLOAD OVERWRITE and TOH+POH CHANNEL OVERWRITE are both set to OFF .
Setting the Interfaces Setting SONET THRU Mode 2 Make the PAYLOAD OVERWRITE choice required. If STS-3c SPE, STS-1 SPE, VT-6, VT-2 or VT-1.5 is chosen, the Section, Line and Path CVs are recalculated before transmission and the Mapping, Selected VT, VT Payload, Pattern, Tributary Offset and Pattern in other VT’s settings are displayed. To choose the settings in these, See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4, steps 4 through 10. 3 Make the TOH+POH CHANNEL OVERWRITE choice required.
Setting the Interfaces Using Smart Test Using Smart Test Description The Smart Test function can help speed-up configuring the instrument in two ways. 1 A Smartsetup feature that will attempt to configure the instrument to receive the incoming signal. 2 A series of “links” that provide quick access to some of the most frequently used features of the instrument.
Setting the Interfaces Using Smart Test 4 In SONET mode the incoming signal will be identified on the top line of the display, and under this the payload mappings, the J1 Trace and C2 byte indicators are displayed on the bottom lines. 5 Use the and keys to display the J1 Trace information for each STS SPE. When the STS SPE of interest has been identified choose either VIEW PAYLOAD or PRBS SEARCH .
Setting the Interfaces Setting DSn Receive Interface Setting DSn Receive Interface Description DSn Receive interface settings should match the network equipment settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload to be tested. TIP: To set the transmitter and receiver to the same interface settings choose OTHER SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED . HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL rate. 2 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose the required TERMINATION.
Setting the Interfaces Setting DSn Receive Interface 5 Choose the PAYLOAD TYPE. If STRUCTURED is required FRAMED must be chosen. If STRUCTURED is chosen, the DSn test signal must be set up. See “Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 37. If you chose 2 Mb/s, DS1 or DS3 as the PDH/DSn SIGNAL rate, the FRAMED choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types. 6 Choose the PATTERN type and the PRBS POLARITY required.
Setting the Interfaces Setting SONET Receive Interface Setting SONET Receive Interface Description SONET Receive interface settings should match the network equipment settings of Rate and Mapping, and determine the payload to be tested. TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same interface settings, choose OTHER SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED . HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL source. If STS-1 or STS-3 is chosen, choose the required LEVEL.
Setting the Interfaces Setting Jitter Receive Interface Setting Jitter Receive Interface Description: Jitter and error measurements are made simultaneously when a jitter option is fitted. The measurements are made on the normal input to the DSn or SONET receiver and the interface selections are the normal Receiver selections. The jitter receive interface is selected with RECEIVE PDH/DSn JITTER or RECEIVE SONET JITTER MEASUREMENT TYPE JITTER .
Setting the Interfaces Setting Extended Jitter Receive Interface Setting Extended Jitter Receive Interface Description: Extended Jitter measurements are made in a jitter bandwidth of 0.1 Hz to 25 kHz. These measurements are made at the upper end of the standard wander frequency range and the lower end of the standard jitter frequency range. The extended jitter receive interface is selected with RECEIVE PDH/DSn JITTER or RECEIVE SONET JITTER MEASUREMENT TYPE EXTENDED .
Setting the Interfaces Setting Wander Receive Interface Setting Wander Receive Interface Description: You can measure Wander at all DSn and SONET rates. An external timing reference should be selected on the TRANSMIT PDH/DSn or SONET MAIN SETTINGS display to ensure accurate Wander results. HOW TO: 1 Choose an external timing reference on the TRANSMIT SONET MAIN SETTINGS display. See, “Setting SONET Transmit Interface” page 4.
2 2 Selecting Test Features
Selecting Test Features Using Transmit Overhead Setup Description You can set an overhead byte to a known static state to aid troubleshooting, for example to quickly check for "stuck bits" in path overhead bytes. Transport Overhead, Path Overhead, Trace Messages and Labels can be set using this feature. HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4. 2 Choose the type of overhead to SETUP.
Selecting Test Features Using Transmit Overhead Setup If TOH (Transport Overhead) is chosen, choose the STS-1 to be displayed. Many bytes in STS-1# 2 and STS-1#3 are unlabeled as the other overhead functions have not yet been defined. If STS-1# 1,2,3 is chosen, the hexadecimal value of all 81 bytes of the STS-3 section & line overhead selected are displayed (all 324 bytes of an OC-12 or 1,296 bytes of an OC-48 are displayed 81 bytes at a time by selecting each STS-3 in turn).
Selecting Test Features Using Receive Overhead Monitor Using Receive Overhead Monitor Description When first connecting to a SONET network, a start up confidence check can be made by viewing the behavior of all the overhead bytes. If the SONET network shows alarm indications, some diagnosis of the problem may be gained from viewing all the overhead bytes.The OVERHEAD MONITOR display is updated once per second (once per 8000 frames) approximately.
Selecting Test Features Using Receive Overhead Monitor If BYTE NAMES is chosen, the labels for the STS-1# 1,2,3 overhead bytes are displayed. 4 If POH (Path Overhead) is chosen, choose the source of the overhead, SPE or VTSPE. J1 and J2 bytes can be monitored under Path Overhead or Trace Messages 5 If TRACE MESSAGES is chosen, you can monitor a data message to verify portions of the network. If the 16 byte CRC7 message structure is detected, the 15 characters within the message are displayed.
Selecting Test Features Setting Overhead Trace Messages Setting Overhead Trace Messages Description You can insert a data message to verify portions of the network: J0 verifies the section overhead. J1 verifies the STS-1 SPE or STS-3c SPE path connection. J2 verifies the VT SPE path connection. HOW TO: 1 Choose the message for insertion in the chosen trace channel. Choosing LABELS in TRACE MESSAGES allows the setting of the S1 SYNC STATUS, STS PATH LABEL (C2) and VT PATH LABEL (V5).
Selecting Test Features Generating Overhead Sequences Generating Overhead Sequences Description You may insert a pattern into a functional group of overhead bytes for testing or troubleshooting purposes. HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See “Setting SONET Transmit Interface” page 4. 2 Choose the type of sequence required. SINGLE RUN - runs the sequence once and then stops. REPEAT RUN - runs the sequence repeatedly until STOPPED is chosen.
Selecting Test Features Generating Overhead Sequences 6 Start the sequence by choosing START . NOTE When you start the sequence illustrated, one Out of Frame alarm and one Loss of Frame alarm should occur every eight seconds.
Selecting Test Features Using Receive Overhead Capture Using Receive Overhead Capture Description Section, Line and Path overhead provide network support functions, responding dynamically to network conditions and needs. It is therefore useful to capture overhead activity on a frame by frame basis. TIP: The Overhead Capture display can be logged to the chosen logging device. See "Logging on Demand " page 110. HOW TO: 1 Set up the receive SONET interface and payload as required.
Selecting Test Features Using Receive Overhead Capture ON NOT - captures activity after the first occurrence of a deviation from your specified overhead state. Can be used for transient detection from a specified expected state. 4 Up to 16 records of overhead state are provided. Each record will represent between 1 and 64,000 frames. A capture is started by pressing CAPTURE START and terminates when up to 16 records have been captured. The capture can be terminated earlier by pressing CAPTURE STOP .
Selecting Test Features Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal Description Frequency offset can be added to the SONET interface rate signal and to the payload signal. HOW TO: SONET Line Rate Offset 1 Choose the amount of frequency offset required. You can set the Frequency Offset in the range -999 ppm to +999 ppm in 1 ppm steps using DECREASE DIGIT INCREASE DIGIT and . The amount of applied Frequency Offset can be varied while measurements are taking place.
Selecting Test Features Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal Tributary Offset ±100 ppm 1 Choose the amount of tributary offset required. You can set the Offset in the range -100 ppm to +100 ppm in 1 ppm steps using DECREASE DIGIT INCREASE DIGIT and . The amount of applied Frequency Offset can be varied while measurements are taking place. Tributary offset affects the stuff rate but does not cause pointer movements and can be used to test mapping jitter.
Selecting Test Features Adding Frequency Offset to the DSn Signal Adding Frequency Offset to the DSn Signal Description You can add frequency offset to the interface DSn SIGNAL at all rates. Frequency Offset can be added at preset ITU values or as User defined values in the range ±100 ppm. The preset values change with the SIGNAL rate chosen as shown: DS-1 (1.544 Mb/s) 2 Mb/s (E1) 34 Mb/s (E3) DS-3 (44.
Selecting Test Features Setting up Signaling Bits Setting up Signaling Bits Description When transmitting 2.048 Mb/s signals with timeslot-16 CAS (PCM30 or PCM30CRC) multiframing the state of A,B,C,D signaling bits can be set. The signaling bits of all timeslots are set to the user-defined 4 bit value. When transmitting a DS1 framed, structured signal the values of the A,B signaling bits for D4 and SLC-96 payloads, and A,B,C,D signaling bits for ESF payloads can be defined.
Selecting Test Features Setting up Signaling Bits SONET Operation 1 Choose SONET on the TRANSMIT display 2 Choose MAPPING ASYNC 2Mb/s or FL BYTE 2Mb/s and VT PAYLOAD PCM30 or PCM30CRC on the MAIN SETTINGS display. 3 If UNSTRUCTURED is chosen set the 2M CAS ABCD bits value on the MAIN SETTINGS display. If STRUCTURED is chosen set the 2M CAS ABCD bits value on the STRUCTURED SETTINGS display.
Selecting Test Features Setting up Signaling Bits 2 Choose SIGNAL DS1 or DS3 , and PAYLOAD TYPE STRUCTURED on the MAIN SETTINGS display 3 Choose TEST SIGNAL 56 kb/s or Nx56 kb/s on the STRUCTURED SETTINGS display. 4 Set the A,B bits (for D4 and SLC-96) and A,B,C,D bits (for ESF) as required. SONET Operation 1 Choose SONET on the TRANSMIT display.
Selecting Test Features Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal Description Structured DSn Payload/Test Signal settings determine the SONET payload or the DSn test signal to be tested and set any background (non test) conditions to prevent alarms while testing. TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same Payload settings, choose OTHER SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED . HOW TO: 1 Choose the required TEST SIGNAL rate.
Selecting Test Features Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal 5 Choose the B/G PATTERN. The B/G PATTERN in the non test 56/64 kb/s timeslots is fixed as NUMBERED, that is, each timeslot contains a unique number to allow identification in case of routing problems. Signaling 6 If a 2 Mb/s PAYLOAD with PCM30 or PCM30CRC framing, or 56 kb/s or Nx56kb/s Test Signal is chosen. See, "Setting up Signaling Bits " page 34.
Selecting Test Features Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal Description Structured DSn Payload/Test Signal settings determine the SONET payload or the DSn test signal to be tested. TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same Payload settings, choose OTHER STORED SETTINGS COUPLED . HOW TO: 1 Choose the required Test Signal rate.
Selecting Test Features Setting Transmit N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured Payload/Test Signal Setting Transmit N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured Payload/Test Signal Description Wideband services such as high speed data links and LAN interconnection require a bandwidth greater than 56/64 kb/s but less than DS1/2 Mb/s for example 112 kb/s or 336 kb/s. These wideband signals are sent in a DS1/2 Mb/s frame by sharing the signal between multiple timeslots.
Selecting Test Features Setting Transmit N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured Payload/Test Signal 6 The B/G PATTERN in the non-test 56/64 kb/s timeslots is fixed as NUMBERED, that is, each timeslot contains a unique identification number. Signaling 7 If a 2 Mb/s PAYLOAD with PCM30 or PCM30CRC framing, or 56 kb/s or Nx56kb/s Test Signal is chosen. See, "Setting up Signaling Bits " page 34.
Selecting Test Features Setting Receive N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured Payload/Test Signal Setting Receive N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured Payload/Test Signal Description Wideband services such as high speed data links and LAN interconnection require a bandwidth greater than 56/64 kb/s but less than DS1/2 Mb/s e.g. 112 kb/s or 336 kb/s. These wideband signals are sent in a DS1/2 Mb/s frame by sharing the signal between multiple timeslots.
Selecting Test Features Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test Signal Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test Signal Description You can insert a DSn signal from external equipment into the SONET signal, or you can insert 2 Mb/s or DS1 into the structured DSn signal, as shown in the table below. DS3 and 34 Mb/s can only be inserted if SONET is chosen as the receive interface. 2 Mb/s or DS1 can be inserted from a structured or non-structured SONET payload and from a structured DSn signal.
Selecting Test Features Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test Signal Insert 2 Mb/s or DS1 (Unstructured SONET Payload) 1 Connect the external payload to the MUX port of the PDH/DSn Transmit module. If 2 Mb/s connect to 75Ω MUX port. If DS1 connect to 100Ω MUX port. 2 Set up the required transmit SONET interface, and choose VT-2 or VT-1.5 MAPPING and VT PAYLOAD INSERT 2 Mb/s or INSERT DS1 .
Selecting Test Features Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test Signal Structured SONET Payload 2 Set up the required transmit SONET interface. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4. 3 Set up the SONET structured payload. See "Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal " page 37. 4 Choose 2M PAYLOAD/DS1 PAYLOAD INSERT 2 Mb/s or INSERT DS1 . 5 Choose the LINE CODE. Structured DSn 6 Set up, the required transmit DSn interface, See "Setting DSn Transmit Interface " page 2.
Selecting Test Features Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal Description You can drop a DSn signal from the received payload or drop 2 Mb/s or DS1 from the structured DSn signal to external equipment as shown in the table below. DS3 and 34 Mb/s can only be dropped if SONET is chosen as the receive interface. 2 Mb/s or DS1 can be dropped from a structured or non-structured SONET payload and from a structured DSn signal.
Selecting Test Features Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal Drop 2 Mb/s /DS1 (Unstructured SONET Payload) 1 Connect the DEMUX port of the DSn module to the external equipment. 2 Set up the required receive SONET interface, and choose VT-2 or VT-1.5 MAPPING and VT PAYLOAD DROP 2 Mb/s or DROP DS1 . 3 Choose the required LINE CODE. Drop 2 Mb/s/DS1 (Structured SONET Payload or Structured DSn 1 Connect the DEMUX port of the Receive DSn module to the external equipment.
Selecting Test Features Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal Structured SONET Payload 2 Set up the required receive SONET interface. See "Setting SONET Receive Interface " page 17. 3 Set up the SONET structured payload. See "Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal " page 39. 4 Choose 2M PAYLOAD DROP 2 Mb/s or DS1 PAYLOAD DROP DS1 . 5 Choose the LINE CODE. Structured DSn 6 Set up, the required receive DSn interface, See "Setting DSn Receive Interface " page 15.
Selecting Test Features Adding Errors & Alarms at the SONET Interface Adding Errors & Alarms at the SONET Interface Description Errors and alarms can be added to the SONET interface signal during testing. HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4. 2 Choose the ERROR ADD TYPE and RATE required. Errors can be added at preset rates and at USER programmable rate.
Selecting Test Features Adding Errors & Alarms to the DSn Interface/DSn Payload Adding Errors & Alarms to the DSn Interface/ DSn Payload Description Errors and alarms can be added to the DSn interface/payload signal during testing. HOW TO: 1 If SONET interface is chosen, set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See “Setting SONET Transmit Interface” page 4. If DSn interface is chosen, set up the DSn interface and payload required. See “Setting DSn Transmit Interface” page 2.
Selecting Test Features Using FEAC Codes Using FEAC Codes Description The third C-Bit in subframe 1 is used as a FEAC channel, where alarm or status information from the far-end terminal can be sent back to the near-end terminal. The channel is also used to initiate DS3 and DS1 line loopbacks at the far-end terminal from the near-end terminal. The codes are six digits long and are embedded in a 16 bit code word; the format is 0XXXXXX011111111. There are two types of code, Loopback and Alarm Status.
Selecting Test Features Using FEAC Codes 3 Choose the FEAC CODE TYPE. 4 Choose the MESSAGE from the choices displayed. If you chose a DS1 message an additional field to the right of the DS1 MESSAGE is displayed. Position the cursor on this field and choose ALL or SINGLE CHANNEL . If you choose SINGLE CHANNEL use the EDIT keys to select a channel from 1 to 28. Press END EDIT when finished. 5 If LOOPBACK is chosen, choose the REPEAT (TIMES) LOOP and MESS, in the range 1 to 15.
Selecting Test Features Setting DSn Spare Bits Setting DSn Spare Bits Description Certain Spare Bits will cause the occurrence of a minor alarm when received as a logical "0".: 8 Mb/s & 34 Mb/s - FAS Bit 12 2 Mb/s - NFAS Timeslot (timeslot 0 of NFAS frame) Bit 0 HOW TO: 1 If SONET interface is chosen, set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4. If DSn interface is chosen, set up the DSn transmit interface and payload required.
Selecting Test Features Adding Pointer Adjustments Adding Pointer Adjustments Description The transmitted SPE or VT pointer value can be adjusted for testing purposes. HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4. 2 Choose the POINTER TYPE. 3 Choose the ADJUSTMENT TYPE required. BURST - You determine the size of the burst by the number of PLACES chosen.
Selecting Test Features Adding Pointer Adjustments OFFSET - You can frequency offset the line rate or the SPE/VT rate, relative to each other, thus producing pointer movements. If you offset the SPE pointer, an 87:3 sequence of pointer movements is generated. The available configurations are listed in the following table. If you are currently adding Frequency Offset to the SONET interface or payload, pointer OFFSET is not available.
Selecting Test Features Adding Pointer Adjustments Non Periodic Sequence Initialization Sequence Periodic Sequence No Pointer Activity Sequence Continuous Sequence Time Initialization Cool Down Measurement Period Note: SINGLE (A1), BURST (A2) and PHASE TRANSIENT(A3) are Non Periodic Sequences.
Selecting Test Features Adding Pointer Adjustments NOTE The following conditions apply for pointer sequence generation: The sequences can only be applied to the SPE pointer when the SPE does not contain a VT structure, otherwise it is applied to the VT pointer. Pointer sequence generation is not available when a frequency offset is being applied to the Line Rate. The following figure gives an example of a T1.105/GR-253, 87-3 Pointer Sequence. T1.
Selecting Test Features Adding Pointer Adjustments Pointer Sequence Description T1.105 A3 PHASE TRANSIENT GR-253 5031 Phase transient pointer adjustment burst test sequence. All adjustments are of the same polarity, which is selectable. The interval between bursts is fixed at 30 seconds. Each burst consists of 7 pointer movement. The first 3 in each burst are 0.25 s apart, and the interval between the 3 and 4 movement, and each remaining movement 0.5 seconds. T1.
Selecting Test Features Adding Pointer Adjustments Pointer Sequence Description GR-253 5-32(c) PERIODIC ADD (26-1 Pattern) This selection is only available if you have selected VT1.5 mapping. The sequence pattern is 26 pointer movements followed by 1 missing pointer movement. The added adjustment occurs 2 ms after the 13th pointer adjustment. Pointer polarity is selectable and the time interval between pointer adjustments programmable to 200 ms, 500 ms, 1 s, 2 s, 5 s or 10 s.
Selecting Test Features Adding Pointer Adjustments Table 1 Pointer Sequences Available with Selected Mapping MAPPING POINTER SEQUENCE SPE VT6, VT2 VT1.
Selecting Test Features Using Pointer Graph Test Function Using Pointer Graph Test Function Pointer Graph shows the relative offset during the measurement period. This allows the time relationship of SPE or VT pointer movements to be observed. Up to 4 days of storage allows long term effects such as Wander to be observed. If an alarm occurs during the measurement period, a new graph starts at the centre of the display (offset zero) after recovery from the alarm.
Selecting Test Features Using Pointer Graph Test Function If, during a long term measurement (4 days), an event occurs at a particular time each day, a short term measurement can be made at the identified time to gain more detail of the event. 3 Choose the POINTER UNDER TEST type. 4 Press RUN/STOP to start the measurement. TIP: If the event occurs outside normal working hours, a Timed Start measurement can be made. 1 SEC - display window of approximately 5 minutes.
Selecting Test Features Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits Description Ideally clock recovery circuits in the network equipment optical interfaces should recover the clock even in the presence of long strings of 0’s. You can check the performance of your optical clock recovery circuits using the STRESS TEST test function. The stress test is available at all optical rates. HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required.
Selecting Test Features Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages Description You can program the K1 and K2 bytes to exercise the APS functions for Both LINEAR (ITU-T G.783) and RING (ITU-T G.841) topologies. HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4. 2 Choose the ITU-T TOPOLOGY required. 3 Choose the message to be transmitted.
Selecting Test Features Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel Description The Data Communications Channel (DCC) of the regenerator and multiplexer section overhead can be verified by protocol testing. The Insert and Drop capability provides access to the DCC via the RS-449 connector on the front panel of the Multirate Analyser module. DCC INSERT is available on the TRANSMIT , SONET , TEST FUNCTION display.
Selecting Test Features Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel 66
3 3 Making Measurements
Making Measurements Using Overhead BER Test Function Using Overhead BER Test Function Description You can perform a Bit Error Rate test on chosen bytes of the section, line and path overhead bytes. You can access the transmit Overhead BER on the TRANSMIT TEST FUNCTION display. HOW TO: SONET 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4. 2 Set up the receive SONET interface and payload as required.
Making Measurements Test Timing Test Timing Description There are two aspects to test timing: • Error results may be displayed as short term or cumulative over the measurement period.If short term error measurements are required, the short term period may be selected. • The period of the test may be defined or controlled manually. HOW TO: 1 Choose TIMING CONTROL on the RESULTS display. 2 Choose the SHORT TERM PERIOD to the timing required for short term results.
Making Measurements Making SONET Analysis Measurements Making SONET Analysis Measurements Description G.826, M.2101, M.2110 and M.2120 analysis results are provided for all relevant SONET error sources. In addition the following results are provided: Cumulative error count and error ratio Short Term error count and error ratio Alarm Seconds Frequency Pointer Values Pointer Graph HOW TO: 1 Set up the receive SONET interface and payload required. See "Setting SONET Receive Interface " page 17.
Making Measurements Making DSn Analysis Measurements Making DSn Analysis Measurements Description G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110 and M.2120 analysis results are provided for all relevant DSn and DSn Payload error sources. In addition the following results are provided: Cumulative error count and error ratio Short Term error count and error ratio Alarm Seconds SIG/BIT Monitor. See "Monitoring Signaling Bits " page 76.
Making Measurements Measuring Frequency Measuring Frequency Description The signal frequency and the amount of offset from the standard rate can be measured to give an indication of probability of errors. HOW TO: 1 Connect the signal to be measured to the IN port of the DSN Receive module or the IN port of the Multirate Analyzer module (SONET electrical) or the IN port of the Optical Interface module (SONET optical). NOTE Frequency measurement is always available even if test timing is off.
Making Measurements Measuring Optical Power Measuring Optical Power Description Optical power measurement can be performed on the SONET signal connected to the Optical module IN port. HOW TO: 1 Connect the SONET optical signal to the IN port of the Optical Interface module. 2 Choose the received input signal rate on the RECEIVE display. NOTE SONET Optical power measurement is always available even if test timing is off.
Making Measurements Measuring Round Trip Delay Measuring Round Trip Delay Description: The time taken for voice traffic to pass through the network is very important. Excessive delay can make speech difficult to understand. The Round Trip Delay feature of the HP 37718A measures the delay in a 64 kb/s timeslot. A test pattern is transmitted in the 64 kb/s timeslot and a timer is set running. A loopback is applied to the network equipment to return the test signal.
Making Measurements Measuring Round Trip Delay 4 Choose ACTION ON to start the measurement. If measuring on an SONET interface, the results are available on the RESULTS DSn PAYLOAD display. If measuring on a DSn interface, the results are available on the RESULTS DSn display. The Round Trip delay measurement range is up to 2 seconds. The resolution varies with the received interface signal rate: 2 Mb/s 1 microsecond 34 Mb/s 110 microseconds STS-1,STS-3 0.5 milliseconds OC-12, OC-48 0.
Making Measurements Monitoring Signaling Bits Monitoring Signaling Bits Description The HP 37718A receiver can be used to monitor the state of signaling bits in received 2 Mb/s signals with timeslot-16 CAS multiframing (PCM30 or PCM30CRC) and DS1 structured signals. 2.048 Mb/s Results For 2 Mb/s signals with timeslot-16 CAS multiframing a table showing the values of A,B,C,D signaling bits in all 30 channels is given.
Making Measurements Measuring Service Disruption Time Measuring Service Disruption Time Description: Protection switching ensures that data integrity is maintained and revenue protected when equipment failure occurs. The speed of operation of the protection switch can be measured. The sequence of events involved in measuring the switching time is: • Pattern Synchronization (no errors) is achieved. • The protection switch is invoked - Pattern Synchronization is lost.
Making Measurements Measuring Service Disruption Time NOTE At DS1 and DS3 Service Disruption results are only available for Unstructured payloads. Error Burst Definition Error bursts start and finish with an error. Bursts of less than 10 us are ignored. Bursts are assumed to have completed when >2000ms elapses without any errors being received. The longest burst detected is 2 seconds. Accuracy 300 us for DS1, 2Mb/s and 34Mb/s signals. 60 us for DS3 signals.
Making Measurements Measuring Service Disruption Time 4 Press RUN/STOP to start the measurement. 5 Invoke the protection switch. 6 View the results on the RESULTS SRVC DISRUPT display. Results Displayed LONGEST - Longest burst of errors during measurement. SHORTEST - Shortest burst of errors during measurement. LAST - Length of last burst of errors detected during measurement.
Making Measurements Performing a SONET Tributary Scan Performing a SONET Tributary Scan Description Tributary Scan tests each tributary for error free operation and no occurrence of Pattern Loss. A failure is indicated by highlighting the tributary in which the failure occurred. The TRANSMIT SONET MAIN SETTINGS , mapping setup determines the tributary structure. The HP 37718A will configure the Transmitter to the Receiver and the PATTERN is forced to the payload it will fill.
Making Measurements Performing a SONET Tributary Scan 4 The Tributary Scan results can be viewed on the RESULTS SONET TRIBSCAN display. The Scan can be started on the TRANSMIT SONET TEST FUNCTION display or the RESULTS display by choosing START. If the Scan is started on the TRANSMIT SONET TEST FUNCTION display, the HP 37718A changes to the RESULTS display. If a single path, for example, MAPPING STS-3c SPE is chosen, then Tributary Scan is disabled. NOTE The keyboard is locked during tributary scan.
Making Measurements Performing an SONET Alarm Scan Performing an SONET Alarm Scan Description SONET Alarm Scan tests each channel for alarm free operation and identifies and indicates any Unequipped channels. You can configure the Scan to check for the occurrence of any Path layer CV errors above a chosen threshold. The channel in which an alarm occurred is highlighted if any of the following alarms occur: STS SPE: LOP-P, RDI-P, AIS-P, VT-1.
Making Measurements Performing a DSn Alarm Scan Performing a DSn Alarm Scan Description DSn Alarm Scan tests each channel for the following alarms: Frame Loss RAI AIS The channel in which an alarm occurs is highlighted. HOW TO: 1 Set up the receive DSn interface as required. See “Setting DSn Receive Interface” page 15. 2 Choose ON to start the Alarm Scan.
Making Measurements Measuring Jitter Measuring Jitter Description: Jitter and error measurements are made simultaneously when a jitter option is fitted. The measurements are made on the normal input to the DSn or SONET receiver and the interface selections are the normal DSn or SONET Receiver selections. Cumulative and Short Term results of Jitter Amplitude and Jitter Hits are provided on the RESULTS JITTER display. Graph and Text results for Jitter Transfer and Jitter Tolerance are also provided.
Making Measurements Measuring Jitter 3 If performing a Jitter Tolerance measurement, See “Measuring Jitter Tolerance” page 89. If performing a Jitter Transfer measurement, See “Measuring Jitter Transfer” page 92. 4 Press RUN/STOP to start the measurement. 5 You can view the Jitter hits and Amplitude results on the RESULTS JITTER display.
Making Measurements Measuring Extended Jitter Measuring Extended Jitter Description: Extended jitter measurements are made in a jitter bandwidth of 0.1 Hz to 25 kHz. These measurements are made at the upper end of the standard wander frequency range and the lower end of the standard jitter frequency range. When EXTENDED is chosen Jitter results are provided. Cumulative and Short Term results of Jitter Amplitude and Jitter Hits are provided on the RESULTS JITTER display.
Making Measurements Measuring Wander Measuring Wander Description: Accurate Wander measurements require a Wander reference derived from the SONET Clock module. Wander results are displayed in UI and nanoseconds and Jitter Amplitude and Jitter Hits results are available. When wander is measured at 2 Mb/s, Estimated Bit and Frame slips are calculated and a Bar Graph shows the cumulative Wander over the measurement period.
Making Measurements Measuring Wander 4 If measuring wander at a SONET rate set up the SONET receive interface. See, “Setting SONET Receive Interface” page 17. 5 Choose MEASUREMENT TYPE WANDER . 6 Choose the WANDER HIT THRESHOLD level - if the received wander exceeds the value chosen a wander hit is recorded. 7 Press RUN/STOP to start the measurement. HOW TO: View the Results 1 Choose WANDER on the RESULTS display and choose the display units required: TIME displays the wander results in nanoseconds.
Making Measurements Measuring Jitter Tolerance Measuring Jitter Tolerance Description: The jitter auto tolerance feature provides jitter tolerance measurements within the relevant ITU-T mask, G.823 for DSn, G.958, G.825 and Bellcore GR-253 for SONET. Jitter is generated at a range of frequencies within the mask and an error measurement is made. If no errors occur (PASS), the jitter amplitude at that frequency point is increased until errors occur (FAIL) or the maximum jitter amplitude is reached.
Making Measurements Measuring Jitter Tolerance 2 If you are performing jitter tolerance on the SONET signal, set up the SONET transmit and receive interfaces. See “Setting SONET Transmit Interface” page 4 and “Setting SONET Receive Interface” page 17. 3 If SONET is chosen as the interface, choose the SONET MASK. TYPE A masks as per ITU-T G.958 have good jitter tolerance and the mask corner points are modified to compensate. TYPE B masks as per ITU-T G.
Making Measurements Measuring Jitter Tolerance HOW TO: View the Results 1 Choose the results FORMAT. If GRAPH is chosen, a plot of the jitter tolerance results against the ITU-T mask is displayed. If TEXT is chosen, the results from which the graph is constructed are displayed, Point number, Frequency, Mask amplitude, Tolerance, Result. If applicable, results 13 through 55 can be viewed on pages 2 through 5.
Making Measurements Measuring Jitter Transfer Measuring Jitter Transfer Description: You can perform Jitter transfer measurements at each of the four DSn rates, STS-3, OC-3, OC-12 and OC-48. The jitter generator provides the stimulus for the jitter transfer measurement. Narrow band filtering is used in the jitter receiver thus allowing selection and measurement of the relevant jitter components to provide accurate and repeatable results.
Making Measurements Measuring Jitter Transfer HOW TO: Perform Jitter Transfer Calibration NOTE The CALIBRATION should always be carried out with LEVEL TERMINATE selected on the RECEIVE JITTER display. 1 If DSn Jitter Transfer is required, set up the DSn transmit and receive interfaces, the receive jitter interface and connect DSn IN to DSn OUT. See “Setting DSn Transmit Interface” page 2, “Setting DSn Receive Interface” page 15 and “Setting Jitter Receive Interface” page 18.
Making Measurements Measuring Jitter Transfer 4 Choose JITTER TRANSFER FUNCTION on the TRANSMIT JITTER display. 5 Choose the NUMBER OF POINTS at which jitter is transmitted (3 to 55) 6 Choose the DWELL TIME - the time jitter is generated at each jitter frequency point (5 to 30 seconds). 7 Choose the DELAY TIME - the time delay between the jitter frequency/amplitude being applied and the error measurement being made.
Making Measurements Measuring Jitter Transfer HOW TO: Start the Jitter Transfer Measurement NOTE The Jitter Transfer measurement must be started within 10 minutes of the completion of calibration. 1 After the CALIBRATION is completed, remove the back to back connection from the DSn or SONET or optical interfaces. If the measurement is to be made at a network equipment monitor point, choose MONITOR on the DSn or SONET RECEIVE display before making the jitter transfer measurement.
Making Measurements Measuring Jitter Transfer HOW TO: View the Results 1 Choose the results FORMAT. If GRAPH is chosen, a plot of the jitter transfer results against the ITU-T mask is displayed. If TEXT is chosen, the results from which the graph is constructed are displayed: Point number, Frequency, Mask amplitude (dB), Jitter Gain (dB), Result. If applicable, results 13 through 55 can be viewed on pages 2 through 5. 2 If GRAPH is chosen, choose the SCALE required.
4 4 Storing, Logging and Printing
Storing, Logging and Printing Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store Description Graphical representation of measurement results is very useful particularly during a long measurement period. It provides an overview of the results and can be printed for record keeping. Graphics results can be stored in instrument graph storage or on floppy disk. HOW TO: 1 Before starting your measurement, choose the GRAPH STORAGE resolution and location.
Storing, Logging and Printing Recalling Stored Graph Results Recalling Stored Graph Results Description Results stored from a previous measurement can be recalled to the graphics displays for viewing and printing. HOW TO: 1 If currently viewing the bar graph display, select TEXT RESULTS then STORE STATUS . If currently viewing the error or alarm summary, select STORE STATUS . 2 Using and , move the highlighted cursor to the store location which contains the required results.
Storing, Logging and Printing Recalling Stored Graph Results The top row of the display comprises five fields: Store Memory location in which the displayed bar graph data is stored. Move the highlighted cursor, to the STORE location desired, using and . Start Date The start date of the test, which produced the stored results. Start Time The start time of the test, which produced the stored results. Test Duration The duration of the test, which produced the stored results.
Storing, Logging and Printing Viewing the Bar Graph Display Viewing the Bar Graph Display Description All the graphic results obtained during the measurement are available for viewing. Identify a period of interest and zoom in for more detailed examination. HOW TO: 1 To view the current bar graphs, press GRAPH and use CHANGE UPPER and CHANGE LOWER to obtain the bar graphs required. 2 To view previously stored graphs, see "Recalling Stored Graph Results " page 99.
Storing, Logging and Printing Viewing the Bar Graph Display Zoom The width, in minutes, of each "bar" in the bar graph, controlled by ZOOM IN / ZOOM OUT . Cursor The cursor position in terms of time and date, controlled by and . The cursor position changes in steps of 1 second, 1 minute, 15 minutes or 60 minutes dependent upon the ZOOM setting. The cursor is physically located between the two graphs.
Storing, Logging and Printing Viewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries Viewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries Description The error and alarm summaries of the measurement chosen are displayed on the TEXT RESULTS display. The error summary or alarm summary can be viewed at any time. HOW TO: 1 To view the error or alarm summary associated with the current bar graphs, press GRAPH then TEXT RESULTS .
Storing, Logging and Printing Viewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries Start The start time and date of the test, that produced the displayed results. Stop The stop time and date of the test, that produced the displayed results.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Graph Displays Logging Graph Displays Description The bar graphs and error and alarm summaries can be logged to the disk for printing at a later date. If Option 601, Remote Control, is fitted, the bar graphs and error and alarm summary can be logged to an external HP DeskJet printer at the end of the test period. If a printer is not immediately available, the graphics results remain in memory and can be logged at a later time when a printer becomes available.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Graph Displays 4 Choose to confirm or abort the print. To confirm the print and only print the portion of the graph displayed and the summaries choose THIS SCREEN . To confirm the print and print the graph for the whole measurement period and the summaries choose CURSOR TO END . To abort the print choose ABORT . 5 To log the selected Error and Alarm summaries to the printer, choose PRINT on the Text Results display.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Results Logging Results Description Test Period Logging If degradations in system performance can be observed at an early stage, then the appropriate remedial action can be taken to maximize circuit availability and avoid system crashes. Test period logging allows you to monitor the error performance of your circuit. At the end of the test period the selected results are logged.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Results • Optional Internal printer fitted into the instrument front cover (Option 602) • External HP-IB printer (option 601) • External RS-232-C printer (option 601) • External Parallel Port printer (option 601) • Disk Drive HOW TO: 1 Choose LOGGING [ON] - enables the logging of results and alarms. 2 Choose LOGGING PERIOD - determines how regularly the results and alarms are logged. USER PROGRAM provides a choice of 10 minutes to 99 hours.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Results printer paper). 7 Choose the logging DEVICE. If RS232 is chosen, see "Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer " page 119. If HPIB is chosen, see "Logging Results to HP-IB Printer " page 117. If PARALLEL is chosen, see "Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer " page 116. If DISK is chosen, see “Saving Data Logging to Disk” page 142. If Option 602, Internal Printer, is fitted and INTERNAL is chosen, see "Logging Results to Internal Printer " page 118.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging on Demand Logging on Demand Description When PRINT NOW is pressed the chosen results are logged to the chosen logging device.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging on Demand If PARALLEL is chosen, see "Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer " page 116. If DISK is chosen, see “Saving Data Logging to Disk” page 142. If Option 602, Internal Printer, is fitted and INTERNAL is chosen, see "Logging Results to Internal Printer " page 118.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Jitter Tolerance Results Logging Jitter Tolerance Results Description The jitter auto tolerance feature provides jitter tolerance measurements within the relevant ITU-T mask, G.823 for DSn, G.958, G.825 and G.253 for SONET. You can log the jitter auto tolerance results to a printer for record keeping purposes. The GRAPH version or the TEXT version of the jitter tolerance results can be logged to an external printer.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Jitter Tolerance Results 7 Choose 80 character column width ( NORMAL ) or 40 character column width ( COMPRESS ) according to the capabilities of your printer. 8 Choose the same baud SPEED as chosen on your printer. 9 Choose the PROTOCOL required for the transfer of logging data. 10 Choose LOGGING ON on the LOGGING SETUP CONTROL display. 11 Choose GRAPH on the RESULTS AUTO TOLER display if you wish to log the graph to the printer.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Jitter Transfer Results Logging Jitter Transfer Results Description The jitter transfer feature provides jitter transfer measurements within the relevant ITU-T mask, G.823 for DSn and G.958 for SONET. You can log the jitter transfer results to a printer for record keeping purposes. The GRAPH version or the TEXT version of the jitter transfer results can be logged to an external printer.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Jitter Transfer Results width ( COMPRESS ) according to the capabilities of your printer. 8 Choose the same baud SPEED as chosen on your printer. 9 Choose the PROTOCOL required for the transfer of logging data. 10 Choose LOGGING ON on the LOGGING SETUP CONTROL display. 11 Choose GRAPH and SCALE NARROW or WIDE on the RESULTS JITTER TN FUNCTION display if you wish to log the graph to the printer.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer Description If Option 601, Remote Control Interface, is fitted, you can log the results and alarms to an external Parallel printer connected to the PARALLEL port. The Parallel port provides a standard IEEE 1284-A compatible interface. CAUTION Damage to the instrument may result if a serial connection is made to this port.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Results to HP-IB Printer Logging Results to HP-IB Printer Description If Option 601, Remote Control Interface, is fitted, you can log the results and alarms to an external HP-IB printer connected to the HP-IB port. HOW TO: 1 Connect an HP-IB printer to the HPIB port. NOTE Choosing HP-IB external printer for logging prevents the use of HP-IB remote control. 2 Choose the LOGGING SETUP CONTROL and set up the display as required.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Results to Internal Printer Logging Results to Internal Printer Description If Option 602, Internal Printer is fitted, you can log the results and alarms to the in-lid printer. HOW TO: 1 Choose the LOGGING SETUP CONTROL and set up the display as required. See "Logging Results " page 107.
Storing, Logging and Printing Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer Description If Option 601, Remote Control Interface, is fitted, you can log the results and alarms to an external RS-232-C printer connected to the RS232 port. HOW TO: 1 Connect an RS-232-C printer to the RS232 port. NOTE Choosing RS232 external printer for logging prevents the use of RS-232-C remote control. 2 If a non HP printer is connected choose ALT PRINTER.
Storing, Logging and Printing Printing Results from Disk Printing Results from Disk Description The results and alarms you logged to Disk can be printed by removing the Disk from the HP 37718A and inserting it into a personal computer (PC). HOW TO: Print from DOS Prompt copy/b a:\ HOW TO: Print from Windows 1 Choose the required file from Filemanager.
Storing, Logging and Printing Connecting an HP 850C DeskJet Printer to a Parallel Port Connecting an HP 850C DeskJet Printer to a Parallel Port Description If Remote Control Option, 601, is fitted, the HP 37718A has the capability of interfacing with an HP 850C DeskJet printer or, an alternative suppliers printer, via the PARALLEL port. CAUTION Do not connect a serial printer e.g. RS-232-C or HPIB to the HP 37718A Parallel port as this will damage the interface.
Storing, Logging and Printing Changing Internal Printer Paper Changing Internal Printer Paper Description The printer accepts rolls of thermal paper with the following dimensions: Width: 216 mm (8.5 in) or 210 mm (8.27 in) (A4) tolerance +2.0 mm - 1.0 mm Maximum Outside Diameter: 40 mm Inside Core Diameter: Between 12.5 mm and 13.2 mm Suitable rolls of paper are available from Hewlett Packard, Part Number 9270-1360. WARNING The paper tear-off edge is SHARP.
Storing, Logging and Printing Changing Internal Printer Paper 4 Put the paper roll on the spindle such that the sensitive side will be on the underside of the print mechanism. Ensure that the relocation of the spindle locks the blue width adaptor in position. NOTE The paper must be installed such that when it is in the print mechanism, the sensitive side (slightly shiny) is the underside.
Storing, Logging and Printing Changing Internal Printer Paper 6 If the printer paper is incorrectly aligned, raise the printer mechanism front cover to releases the paper drive and realign the paper.
Storing, Logging and Printing Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head Description The print head should be cleaned when broken or light characters occur in a vertical line on the page. To maintain a high quality print, clean the print head after 200 to 300 prints. The print head is cleaned with a special cleaning paper which is supplied with the instrument. WARNING The paper tear-off edge is SHARP. This edge is exposed when the printer cover is raised.
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5 5 Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Storing Configurations in Instrument Store Storing Configurations in Instrument Store Description You can store measurement settings which are used regularly and recall them with a single operation. One preset store is provided which cannot be overwritten, STORED SETTING NUMBER [0]. This store is used to set the instrument to a known state, the FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS. HOW TO: 1 Set the HP 37718A to the configuration you wish to store.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Titling Configuration in Instrument Store Titling Configuration in Instrument Store Description When storing configurations, you can give them an easily remembered title for identification at a later date. HOW TO: 1 Choose the STORED SETTING NUMBER which contains the stored configuration. 2 Choose LOCK OFF . 3 Use JUMP ; NEXT CHAR ; PREVIOUS CHAR ; settings.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Recalling Configurations from Instrument Store Recalling Configurations from Instrument Store Description Having stored a configuration for future use, you must be able to recall that configuration in the future. HOW TO: 1 Choose the STORED SETTING NUMBER which contains the stored configuration. 2 Choose ACTION RECALL to recall the stored configuration. The recall operation can be verified by checking the relevant display settings.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Formatting a Disk Formatting a Disk Description Only 1.44M, MS-DOS compatible disks can be used in the HP 37718A. Any other format or capacity will result in a disk access error being displayed. NOTE Disks can be formatted in an IBM compatible PC (1.44M, MS-DOS only) but it is recommended that the disk is formatted in the HP 37718A as this will ensure full compatibility with the Floppy Disk power fail recovery included in the HP 37718A.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Labeling a Disk Labeling a Disk Description You can label your disks for ease of identification. MY DISK HOW TO: 1 Choose DISK OPERATION DISK LABEL . 2 Label the Disk using PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR SET and use the pop-up keypad. or press 3 Choose OK to confirm the label is correct. The label is displayed at the bottom of the display to confirm the operation has taken place.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Managing Files and Directories on Disk Description File and Directory structures can be important in speeding up the transfer of data between the instrument and the disk drive. It is recommended that you create a directory structure as an aid to efficient file management particularly when the disk is moved to a PC.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Accessing Directories and Files 1 Choose DISK OPERATION SAVE . 2 Choose FILE TYPE you wish to view. This acts as a filter on the filename extension: CONFIGURATION - .CNF filter, GRAPHICS - .SMG filter, DATA LOGGING - .PRN filter, SCREEN DUMP - .BMP filter. 3 Move the highlighted cursor to the NAME field and press SET . NOTE .
- Current Directory. .. - Parent directory.Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk NOTE Title Bar - File types displayed and current directory. (cannot be highlighted). .
- Current Directory. .. - Parent directory. Move highlighted cursor to this line and press SET to move to parent directory. SONET1.PRN - File (with named extension) in current directory. Move highlighted cursor to this line and press SET to select the file.Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Renaming a File on Disk Description Files can be renamed as an aid to efficient file management. HOW TO: 1 Choose DISK OPERATION FILE RENAME . 2 Enter the FROM filename using PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR or Choose the directory which contains the file to be renamed. See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134. Move the highlighted cursor to the file to be renamed and press SET to return to the FILE RENAME display.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Deleting a File on Disk Description Obsolete files can be deleted as an aid to efficient file management. HOW TO: 1 Choose DISK OPERATION FILE DELETE DELETE FILE . 2 Choose the directory containing the file to be deleted. See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134. 3 Enter the filename to be deleted using PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR or press SET , highlight the file to be deleted on the file manager display, and press SET .
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Deleting a Directory on Disk Description Obsolete Directories should be deleted as an aid to efficient file management. NOTE A directory cannot be deleted until all the files within the directory have been deleted. See "Deleting a File on Disk " page 137. HOW TO: 1 Choose the directory you wish to delete (it will appear on the display). See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Managing Files and Directories on Disk Adding Descriptors to Disk Files Description When storing configurations or graphics on disk, you can give them an easily remembered descriptor for identification at a later date. Descriptors can be added to .CNF and .SMG files. HOW TO: 1 Choose the directory containing the file you wish to add the descriptor to. See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Saving Graphics Results to Disk Saving Graphics Results to Disk Description HOW TO: Graphics results can be saved to a file on disk. Two methods of naming the file, which is created when the measurement is started, are available: Automatic A filename in the form meas001 is created automatically without any action from you. Your Choice You can input a filename of your choice which will override the automatically generated filename.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Saving Graphics Results to Disk 2 Choose the directory in which to save the graphics results. See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134. 3 If you wish to enter your own choice of filename, choose DISK OPERATION SAVE FILE TYPE GRAPHICS . 4 Move the highlighted cursor to NAME and enter the filename using or press SET twice and use PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR the pop-up keypad. The filename can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters. The filename extension is fixed as .
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Saving Data Logging to Disk Saving Data Logging to Disk Description Data Logging can be saved to a file on disk. The disk can be transferred to a personal computer (PC) and the logging investigated at a later date. HOW TO: 1 Choose the directory in which to save the logging results. See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Saving Configurations to Disk Saving Configurations to Disk Description You can store a large number of measurement settings which are used regularly and recall them when required. Configurations can be stored to a file on the floppy disk. The floppy disk can be used in other instruments which have the same option structure. HOW TO: 1 Set the HP 37718A to the configuration you wish to store. 1 Choose the directory in which you wish to save the HP 37718A configuration.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Recalling Configuration from Disk Recalling Configuration from Disk Description If a configuration has been stored on disk, you will need to recall it at some time in the future to configure the instrument. HOW TO: 1 Choose the directory that contains the configuration file to be recalled. See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134. 2 Choose DISK OPERATION RECALL FILE TYPE CONFIGURATION and enter your choice of filename using PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR .
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Recalling Graphics Results from Disk Recalling Graphics Results from Disk Description If graphic results have been stored on disk, you will need to recall them in able to view the results on the GRAPH . display. HOW TO: 1 Choose the directory that contains the graphics file to be recalled. See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Configuration from Instrument Store to Disk Copying Configuration from Instrument Store to Disk Description If you have a configuration stored in the instrument store that you wish to use on another instrument, you can copy it to disk. The configuration can then be downloaded from the disk in to another HP 37718A with the same options as the original instrument. HOW TO: 1 Choose the directory to receive the configuration file.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Configuration from Instrument Store to Disk 3 To copy the configuration from instrument to Disk choose OK . If you have entered a filename which already exists, a warning "File exists - are you sure you wish to continue" is displayed. If YES is selected, the data on the Disk will be overwritten. If NO is selected, the operation is aborted.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Configuration from Disk to Instrument Store Copying Configuration from Disk to Instrument Store Description If you have a configuration stored in the instrument store that you wish to use on another instrument, you can copy it to Disk. The configuration can then be downloaded from the disk in another HP 37718A with the same options as the original instrument. HOW TO: 1 Choose the directory containing the configuration file.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Configuration from Disk to Instrument Store 4 To copy the configuration from Disk to instrument, choose OK . If you have entered a instrument store number which already contains a configuration, a warning "Are you sure you wish to continue" is displayed. If YES is selected, the data in the instrument store will be overwritten. If NO is selected, the operation is aborted.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk Description You can copy Graphics Results from the instrument store to the Disk.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk 4 If you wish to view the graphic results at a later date via a spreadsheet, choose FORMAT CSV . CSV is Comma Separated Variable. If you wish to view the graphic results at a later date on an HP 37718A, choose FORMAT NORMAL . 5 To copy the configuration from instrument to Disk, choose OK . If you have entered a filename which already exists, a warning "File exists - are you sure you wish to continue" is displayed.
Using Instrument and Disk Storage Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk 152
6 6 Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Coupling Transmit and Receive Settings Coupling Transmit and Receive Settings Description When generating and measuring at the same interface level, you can have the transmit and receive settings coupled together. Any settings change made on the transmit display will automatically occur on the receive display. Any settings change made on the receive display will automatically occur on the transmit display.
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Setting Time & Date Setting Time & Date Description When making Bit error measurements and recording results you can have certain events timed chronologically, for example, Alarms; Error Seconds. The capability to set the Time and Date is provided on the OTHER TIME & DATE display. HOW TO: 1 Choose CLOCK MODE SETUP and set the Time and Date using ; ; ; INCREASE DIGIT and DECREASE DIGIT . ; 2 Choose CLOCK MODE RUN to complete the setting of Time and Date.
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Enabling Keyboard Lock Enabling Keyboard Lock Description You can protect the measurement settings from interference during a test. This function is provided in the HP 37718A on the OTHER MISCELLANEOUS display.
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Enabling Beep on Received Error Enabling Beep on Received Error Description You can have an audible indication of an error which is particularly useful when the display on the test set is hidden from view. This function is provided in the HP 37718A on the OTHER MISCELLANEOUS display. HOW TO: 1 Choose BEEP ON RECEIVED ERROR ON .
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Suspending Test on Signal Loss Suspending Test on Signal Loss When running a test, you can choose to suspend the test during periods of signal loss. This function is available on the OTHER MISCELLANEOUS display. HOW TO: 1 Choose SUSPEND TEST ON SIGNAL LOSS ON .
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Setting Error Threshold Indication Setting Error Threshold Indication Description When making error measurements, you can have an indication of when an error count or error ratio threshold has been exceeded. You can set the HP 37718A to indicate this by a color change, from yellow to red, of the bar on the GRAPH display and the result on the RESULTS display. You can choose the thresholds at which the color change occurs. The Count and Ratio selections are independent.
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Setting Screen Brightness and Color Setting Screen Brightness and Color Description The HP 37718A screen can be set to single or two color using the COLOR PALETTE selection on the OTHER , COLOR CONTROL display. The screen brightness can be set to full or half brightness. The half brightness setting is used when the room brightness is such that half brightness is desirable and will also prolong the life of the screen.
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Dumping Display to Disk Dumping Display to Disk Description The chosen display may be stored on disk in bitmap format using the Screen Dump feature of the HP37718A. Logging and Floppy Disk must be set up for screen dump. The current display is stored on disk when PRINT NOW . is pressed. HOW TO: 1 Choose LOGGING SETUP DEVICE and LOGGING PORT DISK on the OTHER , LOGGING display. 2 Choose LOGGING SETUP CONTROL LOG ON DEMAND SCREEN DUMP on the OTHER , LOGGING display.
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Dumping Display to Disk 4 Choose the directory in which to save the Screen Dump. See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134. 5 If you wish to enter your own choice of filename, choose DISK OPERATION SAVE FILE TYPE SCREEN DUMP . NOTE You have the option of an auto generated filename or entering your chosen filname. The file name can have a maximum of 8 characters. The file extension is fixed as .BMP.
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Running Self Test Running Self Test Description Before using the HP 37718A to make measurements, you can run Self Test ALL TESTS to ascertain the integrity of the HP 37718A. These tests take between at least 1 hour to complete depending on the options fitted. Alternatively you can run Confidence Tests which only takes 2 to 3 minutes to complete. This is not a full verification but performs BER measurements with internal and external loopbacks fitted.
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Running Self Test NOTE If any or all of these connections are not made the HP 37718A will FAIL Self Test. 4 Press RUN/STOP to activate the Self Test. TEST STATUS RUNNING will be displayed. The information pertaining to TEST TYPE, TEST NUMBER and SUBTEST NUMBER will change as the Self Test progresses. If the HP 37718A is functioning correctly, after a time of at least 1 hour, TEST STATUS PASSED is displayed.
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Running Self Test 4 Press RUN/STOP to activate the Self Test. TEST STATUS RUNNING will be displayed. The information pertaining to TEST TYPE, TEST NUMBER and SUBTEST NUMBER will change as the Self Test progresses. If the HP 37718A is functioning correctly, after a time of 2 to 3minutes, TEST STATUS PASSED is displayed. If TEST STATUS [FAIL nnn] is displayed, the HP 37718A should be returned to a service office for repair.
Selecting and Using "Other" Features Running Self Test 166
Appendix A 7 STS-1 SPE Background Patterns The following tables list the background patterns available when selecting specific foregrounds.
STS-1 SPE Background Patterns Table 2 STS-1 SPE Background Patterns Foreground Background choice in Foreground TUG-3 Background choice in other AU-3 STS-1 SPE --------- VT-1.5, VT-2 Mapping or SPE Word (8 bit user programmable word). VT-6 Pattern in other VT-6s is numbered. They contain the word 11NNNNNx, where NNNNN is the binary number of the TU. VT-1.5, VT-2 Mapping or SPE Word (8 bit user programmable word).
Appendix B 8 ETSI/ANSI Terminology A table of ETSI terms with their ANSI equivalents.
ETSI/ANSI Terminology ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms Introduction The terminology used on the instrument display can be ETSI (SDH) or ANSI (SONET) terminology. Refer to the table given in this appendix for an explanation of equivalent SDH/SONET terms. ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute. ANSI: American National Standards Institute.
ETSI/ANSI Terminology ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms Table 3 ETSI / ANSI Terminology , continued ETSI Term ANSI Term MS-RDI Line FERF / RDI-L Multiplexer Section Overhead Line Overhead Network Node Interface Line Interface OOF SEF (severely errored frame defect) Path AIS / AU-AIS AIS-P Path REI / HP REI REI-P Path FERF / HP RDI RDI-P Path IEC / AU-IEC IEC-P Path Overhead Path Overhead Regenerator Repeater Regenerator Section (RS) Section Regenerator Section Overhead Sec
ETSI/ANSI Terminology ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms Table 3 ETSI / ANSI Terminology , continued ETSI Term ANSI Term TU VT TU-11 VT 1.
Index A Alarm scan DSn, 83 SONET, 82 Alarms & errors DSn add, 50 DSn payload add, 50 SONET add, 49 Analysis measurement DSn, 71 DSn payload, 71 SONET, 70 APS messages generation, 64 monitoring, 25 test function, 64 Automatic protection switch message generation, 64 Autotolerance, 89 B B/G mapping selection SONET, 5 Background mapping selection SONET, 5 Background Patterns, 168 Beep on received error, 157 C Capture overhead, 29 Centronics printer, 116 Color control for error threshold indication, 159 Confid
Index G G.821 analysis measurement, 71 G.
Index Overhead sequence repeat run, 27 single run, 27 P Paper change internal printer, 122 Parallel port connecting Centronics printer, 121 Path overhead capture and display, 29 insertion, 27 Payload analysis measurement, 71 DSn receive, 16 DSn transmit, 3 errors & alarms, 50 framing SONET transmit, 5 framing, SONET receive, 17 insert external, 43 N X 64 kb/s receive, 42 N X 64 kb/s transmit, 40 SONET receive, 17, 39 SONET transmit, 5, 37 spare bits, 53 POH capture and display, 29 insertion, 27 monitor, 25
Index APS messages, 64 DCC insert, 65 errors & alarms DSn, 50 errors & alarms SONET, 49 MSP messages, 64 overhead BER test, 68 overhead capture, 29 pointer adjustments, 54 pointer graph, 61 sequence generation, 27 spare bits, 53 stress test, 63 tributary scan, 80 Test period selection, 69 Test signal drop external, 46 insert external, 43 N X 64kb/s receive, 42 N X 64kb/s transmit, 40 Test Timing, 69 Threshold indication setting, 159 Thru mode SONET, 11 Time & date, 155 TOH Setting, 23 Trace messages, 26 Tr
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About This Edition This is the 2nd edition of the DSn/SONET Users Guide. It documents the product as of December 1998. Edition dates are as follows: 1st Edition, Sept. 1998 2nd Edition, Dec. 1998 Copyright HewlettPackard Ltd. 1998. All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaption, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.
In This Book This book tells you how to select and use the various instrument functions available. Printed in U.K.
