HP 20b Business Consultant HP 30b Business Professional Financial Calculator User’s Guide HP Part Number: NW238-90001 Edition 1, December 2009 i
Legal Notice This manual and any examples contained herein are provided "as is" and are subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, noninfringement and fitness for a particular purpose. In this regard, HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained in the manual.
HP 20b Business Consultant iii
HP 30b Business Professional iv
Keyboard Map Legend Number Feature Number Feature 1 2-line, alphanumeric scrolling display screen 9 Common Mathematical functions and Math (Math) menu 2 Time Value of Money keys (TVM) 10 Program menu* RPN Swap/Close parenthesis 3 Cash Flow, IRR and NPV keys 11 Backspace key/Reset menu 4 Data and Statistics menus 12 Percent/Percent calculation (business) and Date menus 5 Input key and Memory menu 13 Recall and Store 6 Insert and Delete/scroll (up and down) 14 Black-Scholes** and Bo
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Table of Contents Legal Notice............................................................................................................. ii HP 20b Business Consultant ...................................................................................... iii HP 30b Business Professional .................................................................................... iv Keyboard Map Legend ..............................................................................................
Amortization .......................................................................................................... 29 Interest Conversion Menu ........................................................................................ 33 4 Canadian Mortgages: TVM Canada ........................................................................35 Canadian Mortgage Example .................................................................................. 36 5 Cash Flows .....................................
1 Basic Features Welcome to your new HP Financial Calculator This manual is designed to familiarize you with the many features available on your new HP Business and Financial calculators. It includes menu maps, cash flow diagrams, and example problems and solutions with key presses and screen shots. Also included are sections which list the error messages, a chapter about programming, and an explanation of how Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) works.
Cursor When you enter a number, the cursor (_) blinks in the display and indicates you are in number entry mode. Two Line Display There are two lines in the display screen as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Display Screen The top line of the screen displays operation status, operator symbols, annunciators, and abbreviations of the variables and menu names. Throughout this manual, this line is referred to as the top line. In Figure 1, SIN is on the top line.
Table 1-1 Mode Menu Settings Setting (top line) Description FIX= 2 Display precision (number of digits displayed to the right of the decimal point). Default is 2. Key in the number of digits you want and press I, or press = until the number of digits you want is displayed. The display precision can be any number from 0-11. If you specify –1, the calculator displays numbers with the most appropriate number of digits after the decimal point.
Table 1-1 Mode Menu Settings Setting (top line) Description Actual or Cal.360 Calendar options for bonds and date calculations. Default is Actual. Pressing Annual or Semiannual I toggles between these options. Bond type. Default is Annual. Pressing TVM Standard or TVM Canada I toggles between these options. Activate or deactivate the compounding per year (C/YR) option in time value of money (TVM) calculations. This option is primarily used for Canadian mortgage calculations.
• The primary function is printed on the top of the key. • The secondary function is printed on the bevel of the key. To activate the secondary function of a key, press and release • : followed by the key with the secondary function printed on the bevel. The third, or tertiary functions are printed above specific keys on the keyboard. To activate the tertiary function of a key, press and hold : and simultaneously press the key below the printed function. Release both keys.
Annunciators Annunciators are symbols that appear in the display as messages, or after certain keys or key combinations have been pressed. Annunciators are special symbols indicating a specific status in the calculator. Figure 3 illustrates the annunciator symbols in the display.
interest rate is displayed on the bottom line. With this screen displayed, press 12I to input a new value for the nominal rate. Press < followed by = to calculate the value for the effective rate. See Figure 4. Figure 4 = When an item for which the key is valid displays, the small annunciator (=) is displayed on the top line at the right of the screen. Do not confuse this small annunciator (=) with the larger annunciator (=) found to the right of a variable.
Notes about Special Menus The Mode, Memory, Math and Reset menus are unique menus; they allow you to work in another menu simultaneously without having to exit. For example, if you were working in the Bond menu prior to entering one of these menus, pressing O to exit returns you to your previous work in the Bond menu. Memory and the Memory Menu The Memory menu contains the following items: memories 1–9 (Mem 1–9) and 0 (Mem 0), Cash Flow, Statistics (Stats), programs (Prgm)*, and Memory.
< or > repeatedly. In most menus, when you arrive at the last item in a menu, pressing < returns you to the first item. Similarly, pressing > once on the first menu item scrolls to the last Once opened, you can scroll through the items in the menu by pressing item in the menu. Most items consist of two parts: a name and an associated number. For example, the Fixed item in the Break-even menu (Figure 7) is displayed in Figure 5.
:P Fixed Cost Price DWN Profit Quantity Figure 7 Menu Map of the Break-even menu There are four types of menu items: 1. Read/write. Read/write menu items, such as Fixed in the Break-even menu shown above, are easily recognizable, because when they are selected, both the INPUT and small (=) annunciators are lit. When lit, these annunciators indicate that keying in a number and pressing = I will store the entered number in the displayed menu item.
2 Mathematical Calculations Mathematical Functions Mathematical functions are located: • • • +-*/, etc. On shifted, or secondary functions, such as, :p In the Math menu, :s On keys, such as, Number Entry and Display Numbers are entered by pressing: • • • • 0–9 The decimal point . The } key The :w keys Numbered keys, To correct a number entry, press the backspace key, digit or symbol you entered. {.
Chain Mode Calculations in Chain mode are interpreted in the order in which they are entered. For example, entering the following numbers and operations as written from left to right, 1+2*3=, returns 9. See Figure 2. Figure 2 Calculation in Chain Mode +-*/, after =, the calculation is NOTE: if you press an operator key, continued using the currently displayed value. In Chain mode, if you wish to override the left to right order of entry, use parentheses (D to prioritize operations.
For example, key in 1 + 2 x 5 nPr 22 in Algebraic mode by pressing: 1+2*5:b2:m=. The result is 241. NOTE: the calculator is limited to 12 pending operations. An operation is pending when it is waiting for the input of a number or the result of an operation of higher priority. Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) Mode To set the calculator in RPN mode, refer to the section titled, The Mode Menu: Setting Preferences in Chapter 1.
In Figure 3, the stack contains four numbers, 23, 41, 12, and –15. Each level (1– 4) contains one number. When a number is typed and entered into the stack by pressing I, this new number is "pushed" into level one of the stack, and each number already in the stack moves up one level. The number in Level 4, –15, is pushed out and is lost.
Table 2-2 Last Number Keys Display Description Sets FIX= to 3.000 :u3I Selects RPN as the operating mode. <<<< < II Inputs 1.23 and 56.123 O1c23 I56c 1 23 Adds 1.23 and 56.123, then divides the sum by the last number, 56.123. Returns results in the selected display format. +:d/ For more complex problems requiring two or more operations, you do not need to enter parentheses to set operational priority.
Table 2-3 Simple Arithmetic Calculations in RPN Mode Keys Display Description Inputs the numbers and the operation in the first set of parentheses. Intermediate results are displayed. Note the (+) and (RPN) annunciators. 3I4 + RPN Stack Previous Value Previous Value Previous Value 7 Inputs the numbers and the operation in the second set of parentheses. Intermediate results are displayed. Note the (+) annunciator.
Previous Value Previous Value 77 77 Figure 5 Duplicating a Number on the Stack (D ( In RPN, the parentheses keys manipulate the stack. Pressing performs a roll down of the stack.
D performs a swap. A swap operation exchanges the numbers on Levels 1 and 2 of the stack. The D key has a small symbol to the right of the parenthesis symbol to indicate Pressing the swap feature. With the numbers entered into the stack shown in the left column in Figure 7, pressing D performs a swap to the stack as shown in the right column.
Table 2-4 Shifted Function Mathematical Operations Keys Description :p Calculates sine. :q Calculates cosine. :r Calculates tangent. :k Calculates natural log. :l Calculates natural exponent to the power of x. :m Calculates square of x. :n Calculates square root. :f Executes the Random function. Returns a random number in the range 0 < x <1. :g Calculates factorial of x (where –253 < x < 253). The Gamma function is used to calculate x! for non-integers or negative numbers.
:s DWN Trigonometry DWN Hyperbolic DWN Probability INPUT INPUT INPUT PI SINH LTND SIN-1 COSH COS-1 TANH DWN ABS (Absolute Value) DWN LOG DWN IP * DWN FP * LTND-1 Student DWN Student-1 TAN -1 SINH-1 DWN Chi 2 COSH-1 DWN Chi 2-1 TANH-1 F—Distribution F-1—Distribution Binomial Figure 8 The Menu Map for the Math Menu < to scroll through the menu items, starting with Trigonometry. The Trigonometry, Hyperbolic, and Probability items have sub-menus.
O Press to cancel the Math menu and return to current work. Press to the top of the Math menu. For example, using the math menu calculate Sin –1 :s to return (0.5), see Table 2-5. Table 2-5 Math Menu Example Keys Display .5I :s I< I or = Description Enters 0.5 and opens the Math menu starting with Trigonometry. Selects the Trigonometry sub-menu and scrolls to Sin-1. Note the value for Sin-1 is calculated immediately and displayed. Validates the result.
1. Enter the two degrees of freedom by typing each number followed by =. I or 2. Type the number for which you want to calculate the probability, or, for the inverse, the probability for which you want the number. 3. Navigate to the appropriate function in the Probability sub-menu of the Math menu. See Table 2-6. Note: the examples below are calculated with Chain set as the operating mode.
Binomial Functions The binomial function calculates the probability of having up to k successes out of n throws, when the probability of success is p. Enter n and p each followed by navigate to the binomial function in the math menu.
Storing and Recalling Numbers The calculator has ten memories available for use during calculations. These memories are :$, followed by the key representing the memory number. To recall a number stored in a memory, press L numbered from 1–9 and 0. To store a number in a memory, press followed by the key representing the memory number. You can use the store and recall functions for these memories any time a number is displayed, or when you wish to enter a number. 15:$1.
Recalling a Menu Item Value in a Menu In a menu, you can recall the current value of a menu item. For example, open the Interest Conversion menu (IConv) by pressing :&. With Nom.% displayed, pressing 2*L== calculates 2 times the nominal rate. This feature is useful when you need to insert the contents of a menu item into an algebraic operation.
% In RPN mode, the key calculates x % of the number on Level 2 of the stack, when x is the number on Level 1 of the stack. It does not modify the number on Level 2 of the stack, and thus allows you to perform addition or subtraction after pressing from the number. % to add or subtract x % 200I25% returns 50, but 200 is still on Level 2 of the stack, and pressing - returns 150, or 200-25%.
3 Time Value of Money The examples in the following sections are calculated with the Mode menu preferences in their default settings, unless otherwise noted. For more information about basic features and setting preferences, see Chapter 1, Basic Features. Time Value of Money (TVM) Keys Cash flow diagrams are useful tools for analyzing financial situations, as they help you identify the TVM functions needed to resolve your problem.
Figure 1 illustrates a cash flow diagram and how the data in the diagram corresponds to the TVM keys. For a complete list of keys used for TVM problems, along with their descriptions, see Table 3-1. To save values for the TVM variables, enter the desired number, followed by the corresponding TVM key. To calculate an unknown value, enter all known values and press the key of the item you want solved.
Table 3-2 TVM Example Keys Display Description 12:[ Inputs 12 as the number of payments per year, or compounding periods per year. 360N Inputs 360 as the number of payments over 30 years. 6.5Y Inputs 6.5% as the nominal interest rate percentage per year. 1400 00V Inputs the present value of the loan at the time of the first payment. This value is positive (+); it is money you receive. 0F Inputs 0 as the future value of the loan (the remaining balance). M Returns the monthly payment.
A Nb Per Start Balance DWN Principal Interest Figure 2 The Menu Map for the Amortization Menu Table 3-3 Amortization Menu Items Menu Item/Key Description A Opens the Amortization menu (Amort). Nb Period Number of periods to group together in the amortization calculation. The default value is the number of payments per year defined by the Start [ key. Period on which to start amortization. Default is 1.
Creating an Amortization Schedule You borrow 140,000.00 for 360 months at 10% interest. Create an amortization schedule for the loan. How much interest did you pay for the first year? What is the balance of your loan after the first year? See Table 3-4. The example below is calculated with Chain set as the operating mode, but it can be performed in RPN, Chain, or Algebraic. Table 3-4 Amortization Example Keys Display Description 12:[ Inputs 12 as the number of payments per year.
Table 3-4 Amortization Example Keys Display Description < Displays the amount of interest paid on the loan for the first year. The amount of your payments applied towards interest for the first year is about 14,000.00. < Displays the first payment in the next period to amortize (the second year). Note that the calculator automatically updates Start to the next group of periods to amortize. To reset the menu items to their default values, with any item of the Amortization menu :x.
Interest Conversion Menu :& Nom.% Eff.% DWN C/YR Figure 3 The Menu Map for the Interest Conversion Menu To open the Interest Conversion menu (IConv) press :&. Table 3-5 Interest Conversion Menu Items Item Description Nom.% Nominal interest rate: the stated annual interest rate compounded as represented by C/YR, such as 18% compounded monthly (C/YR=12 ). Eff.% Effective annual interest rate taking compounding into account. C/YR Compounding periods per year. Default is 12.
Using the Interest Conversion Menu Find the effective rate of a 36.5% nominal rate compounded daily. See Table 3-6. See Figure 3 for help with navigating through the menu. Table 3-6 Interest Rate Conversion Example Keys Display Description :& Opens the IConv menu, starting with the current value of the nominal percentage rate 36. 5I Inputs 36.5 as the nominal percentage rate. > Scrolls to compounding periods per year, C/YR. Default value is 12.
4 Canadian Mortgages: TVM Canada :[ P/YR DWN C/YR Figure 1 The Menu Map for the P/YR Menu In Canada, interest rates for mortgages are, by law, given as a nominal interest rate, compounded twice yearly. This means that the compounding period for the per-period interest rate calculation differs from the compounding period when payments are made. By default, the calculator performs calculations assuming that the number of compounding periods always equals the number of payments per year.
Canadian Mortgage Example Calculate the monthly payment for a 25-year (N=300) Canadian mortgage valued at 350,000.00, if the nominal interest rate is 6.0%, compounded twice yearly (C/YR=2) with 12 payments per year (P/YR). The example is calculated with RPN set as the operating mode. Table 4-1 Canadian Mortgage Example Keys Display Description :u Opens the Mode menu, starting with the current FIX value (number of digits to the right of the decimal point).
5 Cash Flows CF (5) 5,000.00 CF (1) 5,000.00 CF (3) 0.00 1 0 2 10 5 7 8 9 4 3 CF (2) 4,500.00 6 CF (4) 4,000.00 CF (6) 115,000.00 CF (0) -80,000.00 Figure 1 Cash Flow Diagram In the calculator, a cash flow list is a set of numbered pairs, CF(n) and #CF(n), where n is the index of the cash flow list. Each pair represents one or more cash flows in a cash flow diagram. As with TVM problems, it helps to sketch a cash flow diagram as a first step in solving cash flow problems.
To erase a cash flow list, with any cash flow displayed press :x. The number of cash flows in the list is displayed on the bottom line, along with Cash Flow=. At this prompt, press I. You will be asked to confirm your choice. Either press I to confirm the reset, or O to cancel. Table 5-1 lists the keys used for cash flow problems. For a cash flow example, see Table 5-2. Table 5-1 Cash Flow Keys Key Description C Opens the cash flow list.
Table 5-2 Cash Flow Example Keys Display Description C Opens the cash flow list. 8000 0}I Inputs -80000 as the monetary value of the initial cash flow. Note: the sign of the cash outflow is negative. I Accepts 1 as the number of occurrences for CF(0). Displays the current monetary value of CF(1). 5000 I Inputs 5000 as the monetary value of CF(1). Displays the current value, 1, for the number of times CF(1) occurs. I Accepts 1 as the number of occurrences for CF(1).
Table 5-2 Cash Flow Example Keys Display Description 5000 I Inputs 5000 as the monetary value of CF(5). Displays the current value, 1, for the number of times CF(5) occurs. 5I Inputs 5 for the number of occurrences for CF(5). Displays the current monetary value of CF(6). 1150 00I Inputs 115000 as the monetary value of CF(6). Displays the current value, 1, for the number of times CF(6) occurs. I Accepts 1 as the number of occurrences for CF(6).
Analyzing Cash Flows The various functions used to analyze cash flows are located in the NPV P and IRR R R P or before entering cash flows, you will be redirected to the menus. If you press cash flow menu to enter values into the cash flow list. The menu maps for the IRR and NPV menus are shown in Figure 2. Table 5-3 describes the items within these menus. The results shown in Table 5-4 are based on the values entered in the cash flows as shown in Table 5-2.
P R Inv. I% IRR % Net PV Inv. I%* Net FV Safe I%* DWN Net US MIRR* DWN Payback FMRR* Discounted Payback #CF/Yr Total #CF/Yr Figure 2 The Menu Maps for the NPV and IRR Menus *Does not apply to the HP 20b.
Table 5-4 Keys Display Description P Opens the NPV menu. 10. 5I Inputs 10.5 for investment rate. >1 I (Optional) Verifies one cash flow list per year, as per the example. << Displays the NPV of the cash flow with the given Inv. I%. < Displays the NFV of the cash flow with the given Inv. I%. < Displays the Net US of the cash flow with the given interest rate. < Displays the number of periods required for the cash flow to repay the investment << Scrolls to the total value of the cash flow.
Editing Cash Flows In the cash flow list, you can view and modify the current monetary value of a specific cash < or > repeatedly to scroll through the list. To modify the displayed entry, type a new number and press I. For example, to change the current flow, or cash flows. Press monetary value of the cash flow three, CF(3), in the example in Table 5-2 from 0 to 200, with CF(3)= displayed, press 200 followed by I.
Table 5-6 Keys Display Description R Opens the IRR menu. Displays the IRR for the cash flow. >1 I (Optional) Verifies one cash flow list per year, as per the example. <<8 I Inputs 8% for investment rate. <5 I Inputs 5% for the safe investment rate. < Displays MIRR%. < Displays FMRR%.
Sample Cash Flow Diagrams Figure 3 Sample Cash Flow Diagrams 46 Cash Flows
6 Bonds B Set.Date Mat.Date CPN% Call Yield% Price Accrued DWN Mod. Duration* Macaulay Duration* Actual/Cal.360 Annual/ Semi-annual Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Bond Menu *Does not apply to the HP 20b.
The Bond Menu Before you enter the Bond menu, be sure to verify the date format is set appropriately for your problem. The default setting is mm.ddyyyy, but it can be set for dd.mmyyyy. The range of acceptable dates is October 15, 1582 to December 31, 9999. Bond day counts (360/365) and annual or semiannual coupon payment schedules may be set from either the Mode menu or the Bond menu.
Bond Calculation Example What price should you pay on April 28, 2010 for a 6.75% U.S. Treasury bond maturing on June 4, 2020, if you want a yield of 4.75%? Assume the bond is calculated on a semiannual coupon payment on an actual/actual basis. See Table 6-2. The example below is calculated with RPN as the active operating mode. Table 6-2 Bond Calculation Example Key Display Description B Opens the Bond menu. > Scrolls to bond coupon (payment) frequency.
Table 6-2 Bond Calculation Example Key Display Description :$1 Stores 115.89 in memory 1. < Displays the current value for accrued interest. =L1+ Returns the result for total price (value of price + value of accrued interest) in RPN mode. If calculating in Chain or Algebraic modes, at this point, press +L1=. The net price you should pay for the bond is 118.58. To reset the menu items to their default values, with any item of the Bond menu displayed press :x.
7 Black-Scholes Calculation Menu* :(HOLD)B Stock price Strike price Time to maturity Risk-free % DWN Volatility % Dividend % Call price Put price Figure 1 The Menu Map the Black-Scholes menu *Does not apply to the HP 20b.
The Black-Scholes Menu To open the Black-Scholes menu (the Black-Sholes key is : (HOLD) B). To open the menu: 1. Press and hold the 2. Press the : key. B (the Black-Sholes key). 3. Release both keys. In other words, press on the : and B keys simultaneously and hold both keys, just as you would when accessing a shifted-function on a PC keyboard. If you press and release : and then press on the B (Black-Sholes key), you will enter the Date menu. I.
Table 7-1 Item Description Stock price (input) Current underlying asset price Strike price (input) Predetermined price at which the option agrees to buy or sell the underlying asset at maturity. Time to maturity (input) Time remaining until expiration of the option in years. Risk free% (input) Current risk-free interest rate (for example, the current US Treasury Bond rate). Volatility % (input) Degree of unpredictable change of the stock price.
Black-Scholes Example The historic prices for an asset and their dividends are listed in Table 7-2 below. Given this data, calculate the call and put prices for the asset. The example is calculated with RPN set as the operating mode. First, enter the historical asset prices and the dividend as ordered pairs in the Data menu. Enter the historical prices for the x values, and the dividend for each y value. For more information about entering data in the Data menu, see Chapter 12, Statistical Operations.
Table 7-4 Black-Scholes Example Keys Display Description :y Opens the Data menu. 80I 3I Inputs 80 for x and 3 for y. 85I 5I Inputs 85 for x and 5 for y. 78I 1I Inputs 78 for x and 1 for y. 72I 0I Inputs 72 for x and 0 for y. :(HOLD) B Opens Black-Scholes menu. 74I < Inputs 74 for Stock Price. Scrolls to Strike Price. 72I < Inputs 72 for Strike Price. Scrolls to Time to Maturity. .3 I< Inputs 0.3 years for Time to Maturity. Scrolls to Risk Free%. 5I< Inputs 5 for Risk-Free%.
Table 7-4 Black-Scholes Example Keys = Press < to scroll to the next item. Display Description Calculates the standard deviation of the price of the underlying asset based on the historical data entered in the Data menu. If you have not entered the historical data, you can enter the standard deviation of the price of the underlying asset directly by typing the number and pressing I. Press < to scroll to the next item. = Press < to scroll to the next item.
8 Date Calculation :@ Date 1 Date 2 Days Between DWN Actual/ Cal.360 Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Date Calculation Menu The Date Calculation Menu The Date Calculation menu is used to calculate the number of days between two dates, or a second date given a number of days from an initial, or final date. To open the Date Calculation menu, press :@. Press < or > repeatedly to scroll through the items shown in Figure 1.
Table 8-1 Date Calculation Example Key Display Description :@ Opens the Date Calculation menu. 6.04 2010 I Inputs the starting date in the selected format. <10. 3120 10I Inputs the ending date in the selected format. <= Calculates the number of actual days between the starting and ending dates. NOTE: 2 in the right of the display represents the day of the week. 2 represents Tuesday. To reset the menu items to their default values, with any item of the Date menu displayed press :x.
9 Break-even :P Fixed Cost Price DWN Profit Quantity Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Break-even Menu The Break-even Menu :y. To change the value of the displayed item, key in a number and press I. Once you have entered all known data, press < or > repeatedly to scroll to the unknown item and press = to calculate it.
Table 9-1 Break-even Example Keys Display Description :y Opens the Break-even menu starting with the current value for fixed costs. 1500 00I Inputs 150,000.00 for fixed cost. <250 I Inputs 250.00 for variable cost per unit. <300 I Inputs 300.00 for price. <100 00I Inputs 10,000.00 for profit. <= Calculates the current value for the unknown item. 3200 units would have to be sold to return a profit of 10,000.00.
10 Business Problems :# DWN Mkup.%C DWN DWN Mkup.%P DWN Part% Tot. DWN %Change INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT Cost Cost Total Old Price Price Part New Part% Tot. %Change Mkup.%C DWN Mkup.%P DWN DWN Nb Period Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Percent Calculation (%calc) Menu The Percent Calculation Menu Press 1. 2. 3. 4. :# to open the menu. There are four items in this menu: Markup as a percentage of cost (Mkup. %C) Markup as a percentage of price (Mkup.
To return to the percent calculation menu, from anywhere within the menu or sub-menus, press :#. To exit the menu, press O. NOTE: for business problems, margin is based on price; markup is based on cost. The examples below are calculated with RPN as the active operating mode. Percent Calculation Examples See the tables below for examples of calculations in the %calc menu. 1. Find the markup on an item if the cost price is 15.00 and the selling price is 22.00.
2. Find the percent change between 20 and 35 with no compounding. Table 10-2 Percent Change Example Keys Display Description :# Opens the %Calc menu. <<< Scrolls to %Change. I Opens the %Change sub-menu. 20I Inputs 20 for Old. <35 I Inputs 35 for New. <= Calculates the current value of %Change for the given data.
Table 10-3 Percent Change Example with Compounding Keys Display Description The current value of %Change for the given data. <6I Inputs 6 for the number of compounding periods. >= Calculates the percent change between the old value and the new value over six compounding periods. 3. 30 is what % of 80? Table 10-4 Part % of Total Example Keys Display Description :# Opens the %Calc menu. << Scrolls to the Part %Total menu item. I Opens the Part as %Total sub-menu. 80I Inputs 80 for Total.
11 Depreciation :\ Press I to scroll through the options: Sline SOYD DecBal DBXover French Sl Amort F Life Start Cost Salvage Factor Year (auto-increment) Depreciation DWN R. Book Value R.
The Depreciation Menu :\ to open the Depreciation menu. To select a depreciation method, press I. See Figure 1. Input the values required for the calculation: Press • • • • • Asset life Starting date or month of the depreciation Cost and salvage values Declining balance factor (DecBal and DBXover only) The first year for which you want to view the depreciation schedule Scroll through the items of the sub-menu for the selected depreciation method by pressing repeatedly.
Table 11-2 Depreciation Menu Items Item Description Life The expected useful life of the asset in years. Start Start refers to the date or month in which the asset is first placed into service. Depending on the type of depreciation, this can be the month (1-12), or, in the case of French Straight-line and Amort F, the actual date in the selected format. Note: for non-French depreciations, if the asset was placed into service in the middle of March, for example, enter 3.5 for Start.
Table 11-3 Straight Line Depreciation Example Key < Display Description Year for which to calculate the depreciation. Year 1 is the default value. To calculate for a year other than 1, type a number and press I. < Depreciation of the asset in year one. < Remaining book value after year one. < Remaining depreciable value after year one. < The next year for which to calculate the depreciation. To calculate for a year other than 2, type a number and press I.
12 Statistical Operations :z DWN Descriptive Press DWN I to select: 2 Vars, 1 Var, or 1 Freq. (y items 2 Vars Only) Predictions DWN (2 Vars Only) INPUT INPUT Nb Item Press I to select: y Mean a*x+b a*Ln(x) +b b*e(a*x) b*xa b*ax a/x+b ax2+bx+c* x Std. Dev. Pred x x Mean DWN y Std. Dev.
The Data and Stats Menus Statistics analysis functions are located in the Data and Statistics menus accessible with the :y and :z keys. See Figure 1 for assistance with navigating through the menus. :y to open the Data menu. In this menu, enter a list of x values for one-variable Press statistics, a list of pairs, (x, F) for one-variable statistics with frequency, or a list of pairs, (x, y) for two-variable statistics. To enter data, key in a number and press I. :z Press to analyze the data.
Table 12-1 The Statistics Menu Items Menu Item Description y Std. Dev Standard deviation for y: a measure of how dispersed the y data values are about the mean. x Population Dev Population Standard deviation for x: a measure of how dispersed the x data values are about the mean, assuming the data constitutes a complete set of data.
Statistics Example Sales for the last five months are represented by the pairs of values shown below, with the month number as x, and the sales values as y. Enter these into the Data menu. Using the Statistics menu for Predictions, predict sales for month seven. What is the linear regression line? What is the sum of all the y values? See Table 12-2 and Table 12-3.
Table 12-3 Statistics Example Keys Display Description :y Opens Data menu. 1I1 50I Inputs values for x(1) and y(1). 2I1 65I Inputs values for x(2) and y(2). 3I1 60I Inputs values for x(3) and y(3). 4I1 75I Inputs values for x(4) and y(4). 5I1 70I Inputs values for x(5) and y(5). :z Opens Stats menu.
Table 12-3 Statistics Example Keys Display Description < Displays value for a: the slope of the regression line. < Displays current value for b: the y-intercept of the regression line. < Displays value for Correlation. :z<< Opens Sums sub-menu. Displays the sum of all y values (Sigma y).
13 Programming Programming the HP 30b This chapter applies only to the HP 30b, and explains how to program specifically on the HP 30b. If you are unfamiliar with the basics of programming, you may have trouble understanding some of the following information. Reviewing the material and practicing the concepts illustrated below will help you understand how this feature works on the HP30b. The HP 30b Business Professional is a powerful business calculator, but it may lack a function important to you.
Table 13-1 Programming Key Instructions (HOLD) (HOLD) (HOLD) (HOLD) (HOLD) (HOLD) Equal to Not equal to Less than Less than or equal to Greater than or equal to Greater than (HOLD) (HOLD) (HOLD) (HOLD) (HOLD) GOTO GOTO if True GOTO if False Label Stop (HOLD) (HOLD) Display Run/Stop (HOLD) (HOLD) Decrement, Increment, skip if skip if : >or< (HOLD) (HOLD) (HOLD) (HOLD) (HOLD) Debug Call Return Message Solve All programming key combinations listed in the above table re
Programming Example The following programming example, and all examples in this chapter, were written with Chain or Algebraic set as the operating mode. Since a program executes the keys exactly as if you were manually pressing them, the current operating mode affects how the program executes. If you normally operate in RPN, verify your operating mode is set to either Chain or Algebraic before proceeding so you can follow along with the examples below.
Keys Display Description Quits program editing mode. Note that program 0 uses 13 bytes and has a checksum of 104. Checksum is a number that verifies the program data is correct. You must be set in FIX 3 or higher to see the full checksum. If your number does not match that shown, verify your FIX setting is set for 3 or higher. If three digits are showing and the number differs from that shown, the program has been keyed in incorrectly. :E Enters the number 5 (the sphere radius) and executes program 0.
:(HOLD) function on that key, the standard function will be executed by pressing the :(HOLD) option of that key. This way If you assign a program to a shift key and there is no you still have the option of using the standard shifted function of the key should you need it. Press O to clear your screen before the next section. Reassigning Menu Functions Often, the best use for a program is to bring a function you use frequently out onto the keyboard.
The Program Menu and Program Editing Now that we have been through some short examples, let us look at some of the programming details. The Program menu displays a list of the ten programs that are in the calculator. Use the > < keys to scroll through the program menu. For each program, the number displayed and at the bottom is the memory space used/occupied by the program and a checksum value of that program. For example, program 0 for the sphere uses 13 bytes and has a checksum of 104 (see Figure 2).
Tests and Jump Functions When creating a program, there is often a need for the conditional execution of an instruction based on a specific condition, as well as the repetition of a set of instructions. This is handled on the HP 30b using the GOTO, LBL (label) and Test instructions. LBL is an instruction that does not do anything by itself, but it acts as a marker for Jump instructions.
Note: • • • Label numbers must be unique. Only one label with a given number can exist in the calculator. You can jump from one program to another if you know that there is a specific label number in another program. Use the tests ? , ? , ? , ? , ? and ? (the top row of keys) to verify if two numbers are equal, different, and strictly, or not strictly, greater or smaller.
Other Programming Functions (HOLD) DISP: takes a number that represents 1/5 of a second. DISP5 is thus one second. (HOLD) STOP: Stops the execution of the program. This instruction should be placed at the end of every program. (HOLD) R/S: Pauses the program execution and returns to the normal system. You can then resume program execution by pressing again. This can be used, for example, when you need to enter a number.
Messages The MSG function is used to display messages on screen; it is especially useful when used before halting the program with (HOLD) , as it allows you to display messages on the screen for the user. To enter a message while creating a program: Press :(HOLD) . Release both keys. You can now enter messages. In this mode, you may press > or < to select a character and : (HOLD) > < to jump 10 characters at a time.
> 3. Press until the letter R appears, and then press screen should display a ?. 4. Press Oto exit. 5. Press : (HOLD) . Then press I. Press . and the Oto exit. 6. Now enter program mode again by pressing :E. The display will show R? in video inverse. Since program 0 has a message as the first command, it is now named R?. The video inverse signifies that it is assigned to a key, in this case 7. k. Press Oto exit. Now press :k. Notice R? appears, and the program pauses to wait for input.
Saving, Restoring, and Modifying Mode Settings Often, programs are designed to run in a specific mode (for example, FIX 4 or RPN). You can L:u to recall the current mode, save it, modify the settings, either by going in the menu, or using the $:u function and then restoring it. For example: use 1. 2. 3. L:u$1 recalls and stores the current mode settings in Memory 1. :u4IO selects FIX=4. Your program: L1:$:u restores the mode settings to what they were at the beginning of the program. 4.
Solve The solve key is not programmable, but it is a powerful addition to the calculator functionality. The solve function utilizes HP Solve, a feature unique to HP calculators, which allows you to find a number for a variable that will cause a program to return a 0. This can be used to solve complex equations. For example, if you want to solve xx-y=0. 1. :E<
88 Programming
14 Error Messages Error Messages and Calculator Status Table 14-1 Error Messages Error Message Status ER: Underflow The calculation generated an underflow (result of 0). ER: x/0 Division by zero. ER: 0/0 Zero divided by zero. ER: ∞ *0 Infinite multiplied by zero. ER: ∞ / ∞ Infinite divided by infinite. ER: Square root of a negative number. /(x<0) ER: LN (0) LN of 0. ER: LN (x<0) LN of a negative number. ER: ATrig( x >1) ASIN or ACOS of a number for which the absolute value is > 1.
Table 14-1 Error Messages Error Message Status ER: Unique solution to IRR Not Found Returned if IRR tries to calculate a solution but cannot find it. User should supply a new guess… ER: Stack Stack overflow when performing calculations with more than 12 pending operations. ER: Parenthesis: An error linked to use of parentheses: unmatched, too many, etc. ER: Insufficient Memory Insufficient memory to complete the operation. ER: No Solution Found No solution found.
15 Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact Information Replacing the Batteries Use only fresh batteries. Do not use rechargeable batteries. The calculator takes two, 3-volt CR2032 lithium batteries. To install a new battery: 1. With the calculator turned off, slide the back cover off. 2. Remove one of the old batteries and replace it with a new battery with the positive polarity symbol facing outward. 3.
HP products may contain remanufactured parts equivalent to new in performance or may have been subject to incidental use. Warranty does not apply to defects resulting from the following: a. b. c. d. e. improper or inadequate maintenance or calibration software, interfacing, parts or supplies not supplied by HP unauthorized modification or misuse operation outside of the published environmental specifications for the product improper site preparation or maintenance.
does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. • Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. • Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• • Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC EMC Directive 2004/108/EC Compliance with these directives implies conformity to applicable harmonized European standards (European Norms) which are listed on the EU Declaration of Conformity issued by Hewlett-Packard for this product or product family.
information about where you can drop off your waste equipment for recycling, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the shop where you purchased the product. Perchlorate Material - special handling may apply This calculator's Memory Backup battery may contain perchlorate and may require special handling when recycled or disposed in California.
Table 15-1 Contact Information Country/Region Contact China 800-820-9669 中国 Colombia 01-8000-51-4746-8368 (01-8000-51- HP INVENT) Costa Rica 0-800-011-0524 Croatia www.hp.com/support Curacao 001-800-872-2881 + 800-711-2884 Czech Republic Česká republikaik 296 335 612 Denmark 82 33 28 44 Dominica 1-800-711-2884 Dominican Republic 1-800-711-2884 Egypt www.hp.
Table 15-1 Contact Information Country/Region Contact Jamaica 1-800-711-2884 Japan 00531-86-0011 日本 Kazakhstan www.hp.com/support Latvia www.hp.com/support Lebanon www.hp.com/support Lithuania www.hp.com/support Luxembourg 2730 2146 Malaysia 1800-88-8588 Martinica 0-800-990-011; 877-219-8671 Mauritius www.hp.com/support Mexico México 01-800-474-68368 (800 HP INVENT) Montenegro www.hp.com/support Montserrat 1-800-711-2884 Morocco www.hp.com/support Namibia www.hp.
Table 15-1 Contact Information Country/Region Contact Serbia www.hp.com/support Singapore 6272-5300 Slovakia www.hp.com/support South Africa 0800980410 South Korea 00798-862-0305 한국 Spain España 913753382 St Kitts & Nevis 1-800-711-2884 St Lucia 1-800-478-4602 St Marteen 1-800-711-2884 St Vincent 01-800-711-2884 Suriname 156 ; 800-711-2884 Swaziland www.hp.
Table 15-1 Contact Information Country/Region Contact Vietnam Viêt Nam +65-6272-5300 Zambia www.hp.
100 Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact Information
Symbols A Algebraic mode 12 Amortization 29 Amortization menu 29 creating a schedule 31 menu and menu items 30 resetting menu to defaults 32 Angular mode degrees or radians 3 Annunciators 6 B Battery low battery symbol 1 replacing the batteries 91 Black-Scholes Black-Scholes menu 52 call price 53 dividend 53 example 54 put price 53 resetting menu items to defaults 56 risk-free interest rate 53 signature return 53 Stock price 53 strike price 53 time to maturity 53 Bond accrued interest 48 Bond me
Calendar setting, Actual or Cal.
E Error messages 89 F FMRR 41 I example 44 Insert and delete keys 38 Interest Conversion Interest Conversion menu 33 resetting the menu to defaults 34 using P/YR and C/YR 33 Internal rate of return 41 Investment Rate 41 K Key ANS, last operation, last number 19 change sign 11 cosine 19 equals 6 factorial 19 input key 6 insert and delete 38 LN, natural log 19 natural exponent 19 On/CE 7 parentheses 12 presses 4 random function 19 recall 24 reciprocal 19 round 19 scientific notation 11 secondary fu
Math Math menu 18 Menu Black-Scholes menu 51 Bond menu 47 Break-even menu 59 Data menu 70 Date Calculation menu 57 Depreciation menu 65 Math menu 19 Mode menu, setting preferences and number format 2 NPV and IRR menus 41 Percent Calculation menu 61 Reset menu 7 Statistics menu 70 Time Value of Money keys 27 messages 84 MIRR 41 example 44 mode settings 86 N Net Future Value 41 Net Present Value 41 Net US 41 Number entry 11 last number function 14 rounding 25 storing and recalling 24 Number format O
Programming 75, 76, 78, 79, 83, 84, 85, 86 Decrement, skip 83 display 83 editing programs 80 erasing 80 example 77 executing 80 Program menu 75 R/S pause and return 83 solve 87 sub-function call 82 test and jump 81 R reassigning menu functions 79 Recall number 24 Reverse Polish Notation see RPN 13 RPN description of 13 example 15 manipulating the stack 15 roll down 17 stack 13 swap 18 S Safe interest rate 41 saving, storing, modifying 86 Scientific notation 11 Statistics a slope for linear model 71 b y
T Thousands separator 3 Time Value of Money see TVM 27 TVM begin mode 28 Canadian Mortgage example 35 end mode 28 example 28 future value 28 keys 28 nominal interest rate 28 number of payments 28 number of payments per year 28 periodic payment value 28 present value 28 setting for TVM Standard or TVM Canada 4 storing and recalling with TVM keys 24 storing values in TVM variables 28 TVM Canada, Canadian mortgages 35 6
