HP 9000 Model 382 Owner's Guide for HP-UX Users HP 9000 Series 300 Workstation Controllers ABCDE HP Part No. A1473-90019 Printed in USA December 1992 Edition 2 E1292 FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Notices Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind about this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and tness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages about the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Warranty.
Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at FARs 52.227.7013. Hewlett-Packard Company OSSD Learning Products 3404 East Harmony Road Fort Collins, Colorado 80525 FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Printing History New editions of this manual incorporate all material updated since the previous edition. This manual's printing date and part number show its current edition. The printing date changes when a new edition is printed. Minor changes may be made at reprint without changing the printing date. The manual part number changes when extensive technical changes are incorporated. December, 1992 Edition 2.
Regulatory Information FCC Statement (For U.S.A. Only) The Federal Communications Commission (in Subpart J of Part 15, Docket 20780) has speci ed that the following notice be brought to the attention of the users of this product: This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions manual, may cause interference to radio communications.
VCCI Statement (Japan Only) vi FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Laser Safety Statement (For U.S.A. Only) (For computers/controllers with a CD ROM drive installed.) The CD ROM drive is certi ed as a Class 1 laser product under the U.S. Department of Health and Human services (DHHS) Radiation Performance Standard according to the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968. This means that the device does not produce hazardous laser radiation.
Printing Conventions This book uses the following typographical conventions: It means . . . If you see . . . colored text User input. Activate the designated button, choose the menu selection, or type the text shown. For example, more sample_file4Return5 means you should type the characters and press 4Return5. computer text Text displayed by the computer system. For example, login: indicates a login prompt displayed by the system. italic text Variable text supplied by you.
Contents 1. Product Description The HP 9000 Model 382 Controller Features: . . . . . . . . . . . Memory . . . . . . . . . . . Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . Built-In Interfaces . . . . . . . Internal Mass Storage Devices . Hardware Architecture . . . . Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shutting Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Options for Your Starting and Working Environment Activating the X Window System . . . . . . . . Activating HP VUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logging In and Using HP VUE . . . . . . . . . Logging Out of HP VUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3-12 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-15 Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Command Line Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Backing Up Your System and Software . . . . . . . . . Creating a Recovery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . Backing Up Your File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . Restoring Individual Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restoring Your Operating System Using the Recovery Tape For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.
7. Dealing with Problems Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interpreting Error Messages During Boot . . . . . Interpreting the LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . Dealing with HP VUE Problems . . . . . . . . . Logging In With HP VUE When All Else Fails . . Re-Setting the VRX Special Device Files with mknod Managing a Boot Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boot Device Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recovering from a System Panic . . . . . . . . .
1 1 Product Description The HP 9000 Model 382 Controller The HP 9000 Model 382 controller is object code compatible with most earlier Series 300 and Series 400 computers. Many capabilities of personal computers have been implemented. Key features include a low-cost 22 MIPS performance and a versatile I/O set including serial and parallel interface ports. Optional internal mass storage devices include hard and exible disk drives and CD ROMs. VGA-resolution (640 by 480) graphics are used.
1 Ethernet IEEE 802.3 LAN, internal jumper selectable for AUI LAN or ThinLAN (optional). The Model 382 accommodates up to two mass storage drives. These include: One of the following: 3.5-in exible disk drive. CD ROM disk drive. The additional drive can be selected from the following: 52 Mbyte hard disk drive (not supported on HP-UX). 210 Mbyte hard disk drive. 420 Mbyte hard disk drive. (The Model 382 will also accommodate hard disk drives in both positions.
1 Memory User-installable RAM boards provide user RAM in increments of 4, 8, and 16 Mbyte blocks. They have an Error Checking and Correcting (ECC) ability. Standard RAM is 4 MB, expandable to 32 MB. RAM boards are used in pairs. There are four sockets on the system board for two-board pairs. RAM Upgrades are available as follows: HP A2210A; two 2 Mbyte RAM boards that add a 4-Mbyte block of memory. HP A2201A; two 4 Mbyte RAM boards that add an 8-Mbyte block of memory.
1 Figure 1-1. Model 382 Controller Front Panel Built-In Interfaces All the built-in interfaces for the Model 382 have their connectors on the rear panel as shown in Figure 1-2. The illustration shows the optional external SCSI and LAN connectors. The status indicator LEDs are also visible through the rear panel. Figure 1-2. Model 382 Controller Rear Panel 1-4 Product Description FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
1 The Model 382 can be used with one or two optional expanders which serve to increase the input/output capacity of the controller. Figure 1-3 shows how two expanders would t onto it. Figure 1-3. Model 382 with Two Expanders Product Description FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
1 Interface Descriptions The SCSI interface uses a high-density, shielded external connector for use with external mass storage devices. Internally, a ribbon cable connects to optional mass storage devices. The RS-232 serial interface is expandable from one port to three ports. The graphics circuit provides video for monitors. A 25-pin HP Parallel port is provided for use with devices using the CentronicsTM interface protocols.
1 Internal Mass Storage Devices The Model 382 may use up to two internal mass storage devices connected to the internal SCSI interface. It is available in diskless as well as disked con gurations. Disked con gurations for HP-UX have their hard disk drive bay tted with either a 210 or 420 Mbyte preformatted hard disk drive. As an option, the HP-UX operating system may be preloaded. A second disk drive bay can have one of several optional mass storage devices installed.
1 Operating Systems HP-UX 9.0 is supported on the Model 382. It is pre-installed on disked HP-UX systems and includes HP VUE 3.0, which can be activated after original boot. Users can start using the workstation immediately after hardware installation. Table 1-2 lists the features and languages for the operating system. Table 1-2. HP-UX Operating System and Languages for the Model 382 Operating system: HP-UX 8.0 or later. HP-UX complies with XOpen, and POSIX speci cations.
2 2 Using Your Manuals Overview This Owner's Guide covers the information you will need for getting started with using HP-UX on your Model 382 controller. The topics include logging in and using your le system, editing les, installing upgrade devices, and backing up your system and les. In addition, Chapter 7 covers troubleshooting, if you should need it.
2 Finding Documents for Specific Tasks This section describes where to nd the information you may need to install and start using your workstation. Hardware Installation Installation of this Equipment Model 382, Keyboard, Mouse, and Monitor. LAN Upgrade. Source Manual The Installation Guide for this system. The HP A2255A LAN Interface Upgrade Installation Guide The Installation Guide for the device and Additional external peripherals. Installing Peripherals . DIO-I and DIO-II Cards.
2 Software Installation Installation Task Installing HP-UX. Installing HP BASIC/UX. Installing HP BASIC/WS. Con guring the Boot ROM. Con guring the LAN interface. Entering the system name and network address. Creating new user accounts. Setting or changing passwords. Setting permissions. Setting swap space. Installing and using HP VUE. Con guring X Windows. Source Manual Installing and Updating HP-UX 9.0 . Installing and Maintaining HP BASIC/UX 6.2 . Installing and Maintaining HP BASIC/WS 6.2 .
2 System Operation Operation Source Manual Logging in and out of HP-UX. Logging in and running BASIC/UX. Logging in and running Pascal. Starting and running the X Window System. Shutting down your system. Setting or changing passwords. Setting permissions. Entering commands in HP VUE. Entering commands at a shell prompt (command line entry). Using the directory/ le system in HP VUE. Using the directory/ le system with HP-UX commands. Using a shell. Viewing a le in HP VUE.
3 Starting Your System Chapter Contents Initially Con guring Your System. Using the Command Line to Log In. Setting Up a User Account. Selecting a New Password. Logging Out. Shutting Down. Options for Your Starting and Working Environment. Starting Your System FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Initially Configuring Your System 3 If you have already loaded your HP-UX system and you have the \login:" prompt on your screen, go on to the next page. If your system has HP-UX preloaded on its disk (this is indicated by a label over the power switch on your controller), HP-UX will automatically load itself when you rst turn the power on. During this process, you will be asked for several pieces of information needed to con gure your system appropriately: The time zone where your controller is located.
Using the Command Line to Log In To log in the first time: 1. Type root at the \login:" prompt. 2. Press 4Return5. 3 Since you haven't yet set a password, you will get a a system prompt (# for root), and you can begin using the system. To protect your data, do the following as soon as possible: a. Set up a password for root. See the section \Selecting a Password," later in this chapter. b. Set up a \user" account.
After you log in the rst time as root, the default local login script prompts you to enter your terminal type as follows. You can respond by pressing y or n 4Return5. Is your console one of the following: [y/n]: 3 a 2392A, 2393A, 2397A, or 700/92? If you respond n (or 4Return5), you will see a row of numbers which asks you to determine the width (in columns) of your screen. Respond by entering the largest number you can see on the right (\128" is typical).
Setting Up a User Account Your can use SAM (System Administration Manager), to add a new user account. If you aren't already logged in as root, type exit 4Return5 and log in as root. (You will see the # shell prompt whenever you are root). To start SAM: 1. As root, type /usr/bin/sam 4Return5. The SAM opening menu will appear.
5. Fill in your login name, choice of start-up program and environment, if di erent from the defaults given. Supply the optional information as needed. 3 Note On this form you can select the X Window System as your login default environment, if you so desire. NNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN 6. Activate OK (click on it, or press 4Return5 with OK illuminated) when you are nished. 7. You will be asked to select a password. (See \Selecting a New Password" for password requirements.
Selecting a New Password After you have set up a user account and password, you may want to change passwords at a later time for security reasons. 3 Choose your new password according to these rules: The password must contain between six and eight characters. At least two characters must be letters (uppercase or lowercase). At least one character must be either of the following: Numeric (the digits 0 through 9). Special (neither letters nor numeric|for example, -, _, or $).
Running the passwd Command When you've chosen your new password, set it by running passwd: 3 $ passwd After you've entered the passwd command, the program leads you through these steps: 1. If you don't have a password, skip this step. If you do have a password, passwd prompts you to enter it. Changing password for leslie Your username appears here. Old password: invisible old password Enter your current password. 2. When you see the following prompt, enter your new password.
Logging Out Caution If your system has its own disk and you are logged in on your local operating system, do not turn o power to your system without rst shutting down its software according to the procedure in this chapter, \Shutting Down". Turning o the power without rst doing the shutdown procedure may result in damage to data on your disk.
Exiting Temporarily If you want to leave your workstation for a short time without logging out, enter the following: 3 lock You will be asked to enter a password, which will not be displayed: Key: invisible password Again: invisible password LOCKED Now the keyboard cannot be used until you enter the password to unlock the system.
Shutting Down Caution Turning o the power for your controller without rst doing the shutdown procedure may result in damage to data on your disk. Always execute shutdown to completion rst. To shut down using the command line: 1. Log in as root You can run shutdown without being root by being listed in the le /etc/shutdown.allow. See System Administration Tasks for details. 2. Enter the following: shutdown -h The -h option will cause the system to halt.
Options for Your Starting and Working Environment Your HP-UX contains the lesets to run either the X Window System or HP VUE (Visual User Environment). 3 To run either the X Window System or HP VUE, you will need: More than 12 MB of memory in your Model 382. At least a 1024 by 768 resolution monitor (color or grayscale).
d a 3 c b Typical HP VUE Workspace Activating HP VUE Before you activate HP VUE, rst check that your system ful lls the following conditions in addition to those already given: The system hostname is listed in /etc/hosts. It has a console-based graphics display (at least 1024 by 768 resolution). It is able to run the X Window system. If your IGNITION leset is installed, you must run a script to complete the con guration of the Instant Ignition tools.
3 On a diskless cluster, this script must be run on each cnode that will run HP VUE and the Instant Ignition tools. 1. Log in as root. 2. To run the script, type : /etc/newconfig/Ignition/configure.sh The script will print out a success or failure message. If the script is successful, go on with the next section. If a failure occurs, see the section \Dealing with HP VUE Problems" in Chapter 7. Verifying Proper Operation Once the installation of the IGNITION leset has been completed and the configure.
4. When you log in to HP VUE for subsequent sessions, you will see the Front Panel and the File Manager window for your home directory. You can still click on the ? on the Front Panel to get help information or the Welcome window information. 5. To get a terminal window with a shell prompt, click on the Terminal control button (a picture of a monitor and keyboard) on the Front Panel. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNN The HP VUE Terminal Button 6.
For More Information To nd out more about con guring and using HP VUE and the X Window System, see the HP VUE User's Guide and Using the X Window System 3 3-16 Starting Your System FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
4 Using the Command Line Chapter Contents 4 The Command Line Prompt. Working with Shells. Using Files and Directories with Command Lines. Viewing and Printing Files. Editing Files. Networking Overview. Using the Command Line FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
The Command Line Prompt Whenever you see the command line prompt, you can begin typing commands. If you are logged in as user , the command line prompt is either $ or %, depending on your shell. HP-UX displays the prompt every time you press 4Return5. Running Commands 4 To run a command, type the command's name after the prompt and press 4Return5. The command then will begin running. When the command nishes, the prompt reappears.
Working with Shells Whenever you enter a command you are making use of a command interpreter which interprets that command for HP-UX. The command interpreter is called a shell. When you log in, you are said to be \in" a shell. HP-UX supports several di erent shells which behave in slightly di erent ways and give you varying amounts of interactive support at your display. These are called the Bourne, Korn, Posix, Key, and C Shells.
Shell Features Below are listed some of the features which may help you make a decision on which shell would be best for the kind of work you are doing: Table 4-1. Comparison of Shell Features Features 4 Description Bourne Posix Korn Key C Command history A feature allowing commands to be stored in a bu er, then modi ed and reused. No Yes Yes Line editing The ability to modify the current or previous command lines with a text editor.
Determining Your Login Shell The command echo $SHELL displays the le name of the shell you entered when you logged in. $ echo $SHELL /bin/sh $ Temporarily Changing Your Shell Unless you are in a restricted shell, you can temporarily change your shell by using this command: shell name where shell name is the name of the shell (for example, sh, ksh, or keysh). Temporarily changing your shell lets you experiment in other shells.
Using Key Shell: Visual Help for Korn Shell Key Shell gives you help on most HP-UX commands in Korn Shell by displaying softkey command-names and options in sequence. You can select from these and let Key Shell build your command lines \in English" before you have mastered the commands and command syntax of HP-UX. 4 Key Shell gives you softkey displays at the bottom of your screen which provide a \menu" of basic Korn Shell commands, along with their options in sequence.
Displaying the HP-UX Manual Pages from the Command Line Type man command name at the command prompt. For example, to learn more about the cp command type: $ man cp After a few seconds, an information display appears. The message - More -(11%) means you've viewed 11% of the le, and 89% remains. (Some systems will just display - More -). At this point, you can do any of the following: Step through the le a page at a time by pressing the space bar. Scroll through the le a line at a time by pressing 4Return5.
Using Files and Directories with Command Lines The following gives you some basic information on using the HP-UX directory system. If you need more information on using les, directories, and command lines, see Using HP-UX . Creating Directories 4 The mkdir (make directory) command creates a new directory. After you create a directory, you can move les into it, and you can even create more directories underneath it.
Moving and Copying Files between Directories The mv command can be used to move les from one lename to another or from one directory to another. For example, to move myfile into the projects directory, type: $ cd $ mv myfile projects Move to your home directory rst. The general form of the mv command is as follows: mv from path to path 4 where from path is the le name or path name of the le you want to move, and to path is the name of the path where you are moving the le.
Removing Files and Directories If you have les that are no longer needed, you should remove (delete) them. Deleting unnecessary les leaves more room on your system. For example, suppose you've nished using myfile2, and it is no longer needed.
To avoid this process and remove a directory and all its les and directories in one action, type the following: rm -rf dirname Caution Use rm -rf with great caution, since it does remove a directory and all its contents, irretrievably, in one action. 4 Using the Command Line FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Viewing and Printing Files The more command displays a text le's contents on the screen. For example, the following line displays the contents of myfile: $ more myfile This is the text of "myfile", which I had previously entered. $ 4 If the le contains more lines than are on your screen, more pauses when the screen is full. With a longer le, you can press 4space5 to continue looking at additional screens, and press 4q5 when you are nished. Then more returns you to the system prompt.
If the lp command is working properly, it should display a message indicating that it sent your le to the printer. For example: request id is lp-number (1 file) The number is an i.d. number assigned to the print job by the lp command. If you don't see this message, or if you get an error message, consult your system administrator. If lp works successfully, you should get a printout with your username displayed on the rst page.
Editing Files You can use the interactive text editor vi to enable you to view and alter text les, as well as to create new ones. This section introduces the basics of using vi. For detailed information, see The Ultimate Guide to the vi and ex Text Editors . Starting vi 4 Start vi by entering the command vi lename at the prompt. If a le called lename exists, you will see the rst screen of that le. If the le does not exist, it is created, and you will see a blank screen.
Positioning the Cursor The most commonly-used method to move the cursor is to use the h, j, k, and l keys. You can also use the arrow keys. These keys move the cursor as follows (press 4ESC5 rst for command mode): Table 4-2. To Do This . . . Type This Command . . . Move the cursor right. l or 475 Move the cursor left. h or 465 Move the cursor up. k or 485 Move the cursor down. j or 495 4 Saving Your Work and Quitting You can save your work with or without quitting vi.
For More Information on vi The vi text editor comprises many more functions than are described in this brief introduction. Refer to Using HP-UX or The Ultimate Guide to the vi and ex Text Editors for more complete information about vi. 4 4-16 Using the Command Line FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Networking Overview Your HP-UX system can use a variety of networking services to enable you to transfer copies of les to or from other computer systems. These services can also enable you to log onto remote machines on the network and run commands and processes remotely. This section gives you basic procedures for using the following networking functions: Copying les to and from a remote computer: ftp. Copying les remotely: rcp. Logging onto another computer on the network: rlogin.
Copying Files Using ftp The ftp le transfer program allows you to copy les between your local system and remote systems and among remote HP-UX, UNIX, and non-UNIX network hosts that support ARPA services. The ftp program not only allows you to perform remote le copying , but also facilitates le management operations such as changing, listing, creating, and deleting directories on a remote system for which you have a valid login or account. 4 Using ftp you can copy a local le to a remote le or vice versa.
Transferring Files with ftp 1. To invoke ftp and connect to a remote host in one step, type the following: ftp remote hostname This connects you to the remote host. ftp then con rms the connection and prompts you for a remote login name: Name (remote hostname): If you intend to log in with the same remote login name as your local login name, just press 4Return5. 2.
Use put to transfer les from your local directory to a remote host . At the ftp> prompt, type: lename remote lename In this case, local lename is copied to the remote le name in the speci ed remote directory. local lename can be the name of the local le in your current local working directory. ftp will copy the le into a le of the same name in remote le . remote lename can be an absolute or relative path to a le name on the remote host.
A .rhosts le in the remote host home directory containing the names of your local host system and your local login name. A .rhosts le on your local system, as well. This contains the names of all the systems you will copy from. It will ensure that you will be able to use rcp when you use rlogin on the remote system. Note A $HOME/.rhosts le creates a signi cant security risk.
In this case, myfile will be copied as myfile into the remote subdirectory, otherdir. If you had only supplied the remote host name, rcp would have copied myfile into the remote home directory, also as myfile. You can also include a lename in the destination. For example, to copy to a system named xyz: rcp myfile xyz:/users/leslie/otherfile 4 In this case, you have copied myfile as otherfile, in the remote directory leslie.
Logging In on Another Computer Using rlogin If you have an account on a remote host, then you can use rlogin to log in on a remote host by supplying your remote login name and password. You can then work on that system just as you would on your home system. If the remote host is con gured to allow it, you can also log in on a remote host automatically, without having to supply your login name and password.
exit Typing 4CTRL5-4D5 also logs you out on most system. At this point you are logged out of the remote host, disconnected, and returned to HP-UX on your local system, which displays a message and your local prompt: Connection closed. $ 4 Displaying Remote Graphical Programs Locally If you are running HP VUE or the X Window System, you can run a program using windows on a remote machine and display the results locally. This is done by setting the DISPLAY environment variable on the remote system.
For More Information For detailed information on running HP VUE in a networked environment, see the HP VUE User's Guide . 4 Using the Command Line FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your 5 Software Chapter Contents Backing Up Your System and Software. Restoring Individual Files. Restoring Your Operating System Using the Recovery Tape. 5 Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Backing Up Your System and Software The most important part of your system is the data you have accumulated. It is also especially important to protect your operating system from corruption if your HP-UX has been supplied as a pre-installed \Instant Ignition" disk. You can protect your data and operating system from loss, using the general procedures given in this chapter. For detailed procedures, see Installing and Updating HP-UX 9.0 or System Administration Tasks .
Each time you update your operating system or make a change in your disk swap con guration. To do this, you will need a tape drive (cartridge or DDS-format) and one or more tapes. Using mkrs to Create a Recovery System: The mkrs command constructs a recovery system on a tape or a formatted hard disk drive. If your system later becomes unbootable due to a corrupt root disk, then you can boot your system from the recovery tape or the alternate hard disk.
Root Device Files mkrs, by default, uses the following device les for the root device: /dev/dsk/0s0 /dev/root /dev/hd If none of the above defaults exist on the system, one of these device les must be created or the -r option must be used to specify the device le to be used. The root device le must be a block device le. If You Have a Problem 5 An error message results if: None of the default device les for the recovery device exist and the -f option is not used to specify a recovery device le.
a. If you opened Backup Devices , and no devices are shown, make sure the device is connected and the tape is inserted. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Note If you have to connect a device during this process, choose Refresh from the Options menu. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN b. Choose the entry for the desired device. c. Choose Add an Automated Backup from the Actions menu.
5. Additional Parameters (optional) allows you to specify the following: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN a. If you want your backups to cross NFS mount points. b. If you want the tape (cartridge or autochanger) rewound. c. If you want an index log to be created for each backup. (Results can be mailed to a designated user). 6. After the minimum required forms are lled out, SAM will then use your tape device to complete the backup according to your speci cations.
Restoring Individual Files To restore speci ed les from a local device using SAM, rst you will need to have the following information and materials: A list of les you need. The media on which the data resides. The location on your system to restore the les (original location or relative to some other location). The device and device le for restoring the data. Note To restore data to disks physically connected to another system, enter the Remote Administration functional area of SAM.
To Restore Individual Files: 1. Ensure that you have root capabilities. 2. Run SAM by typing: /usr/bin/sam 3. Choose Backup and Recovery NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. Choose Backup Devices . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5. Highlight the device in the list from which the data is to be restored. 6. Choose Recover Files or Directories from the Actions menu and highlight Select Recovery Scope . Activate OK or press 4Return5.
8. To do any of the following during the restore process, activate Set Additional Parameters : NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Overwrite new les. Maintain original ownership. Recover les using full path name, or Place les in a non-root directory. Turn on the appropriate checkbox(es). To restore les relative to a particular directory, ll in the directory. NNNNNNNN Activate the OK control button to set the additional parameters. 9.
Restoring Your Operating System Using the Recovery Tape If your operating system or the entire root disk becomes corrupted and not usable, you can restore your system using your recovery system tape and your archive backup tape(s). Also see Appendix A for information on using the Boot ROM to nd and boot from a recovery tape.
4. At the boot selection screen, select the operating system that is on the tape drive as the one you want to boot from. For example, for the tape drive: ... 1R SYSRECOVERY ... Enter b and the device speci cation , such as 1R: b device speci cation 5. Your recovery system should begin loading from the tape. Once your recovery system is up and running you will have a minimum set of commands to use, in order to help you repair and restore your primary (disk-based) operating system. 6.
c. You might need to restore important system les such as /etc/inittab, /etc/rc, etc. from your memory-based system to your system disk. The procedure for doing this is almost identical to the procedure for restoring /hp-ux. Only the le names and directories will be di erent. d. You might also need to move, remove, copy, or search for other les. Note that the memory-based system has limited capabilities.
6 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives Chapter Contents Preparing for Installation. Con guring HP-UX for a Printer. Finding the Status of Existing SCSI Bus Addresses. Con guring for a Hard Disk Drive. Con guring for a Flexible Disk Drive. Con guring for a CD ROM Drive. Con guring for a DDS Tape Drive. Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Preparing for Installation If your system was shipped with its internal mass storage devices factory-installed, you will not need to do further installation to enable the device to communicate with HP-UX. If you have purchased a new (upgrade) device, you will have to install it on HP-UX. You may also have to do some con guration for appropriate data interchange with a new printer. This chapter gives you general guidance for these tasks.
Configuring HP-UX for a Printer You will need to supply certain items of information needed to identify the printer you are installing. It will help to have this information available to refer to during the software installation process: Printer Interface: Parallel: Serial (RS232) Port 1: Serial (RS232) Port 2: Printer Name (a name the system uses to identify the printer. It can be any name.): Printer Model Number (located on a label on the back of the printer): Procedure: To install your printer: 1.
If your workstation doesn't have any printers connected, you will see a message. If you get this message, activate OK or press 4Return5 while OK is illuminated. 5. From the Actions menu (on the menu bar at the top of the Printer/Plotter Manager window), choose Add Local Printer/Plotter NNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 6. Choose an appropriate selection on the sub-menu giving options for Parallel, Serial, HP-IB, etc.
18. If the print spooler was not previously running, a window will appear with the question: Do you want to start the print spooler now? . Select Yes and press 4Return5. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNN 19. You will see a con rmation screen asking if your printer is turned on, connected to your system, and online. Check your printer to ensure that it is ready, and press 4Return5. 20.
Dealing With Printer Problems If you experience problems in printing, ensure that the following are correctly installed: The power cord for the printer is plugged in. The printer is turned on. The printer selection switches are set for online. Paper is loaded into the printer (and it isn't jammed). The correct interface has been set up. The printer cable is connected to the correct interface port on your printer. The cable is connected to the correct port on your system.
Finding the Status of Existing SCSI Bus Addresses Before you install a new SCSI drive, to ensure that the SCSI bus address of your device is currently unused, you can use SAM, or you can use the ioscan tool to help determine which devices are currently connected.
Configuring for a Hard Disk Drive Hard disk drive upgrades can be installed to accommodate local le systems and swap space on your workstation. Software Installation of the Hard Disk Drive Upgrade After hardware installation has been completed (see the Installation Guide for this device), you'll need to ensure that your operating system is prepared to exchange data with the device. This section provides instructions for con guring HP-UX to communicate with a hard disk drive upgrade.
Note SAM does not support the following: Changing the hardware address of a disk drive containing the root le system. Changing the hardware address of a disk array. Changing the hardware address of a disk that is part of software disk striping. After hardware installation has been completed (see the Installation Guide for this device), you'll need to ensure that your operating system is prepared to exchange data with the device. This section provides instructions for doing this. 1.
a. Have SAM rescan the system for the device. If you have connected the device after starting SAM, you should activate Yes . Otherwise, activate No . NNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN b. Respond to the con rmation screen regarding whether the device is connected and powered up. c. Respond to the con rmation screen regarding whether additional device drivers are needed. (Unless the kernel has, for some reason, had drivers removed, the drivers needed for a hard disk should currently be in the kernel.) d.
Testing Your Installation A simple test to make certain that the drive has been installed correctly (whether it is mounted or not) is to execute the command diskinfo (using the appropriate character device le name as the argument).
Configuring for a Flexible Disk Drive Caution Although the device is well-protected from physical shock when installed in the workstation, it is very easily damaged when separate. Avoid dropping or striking a device. Note the exible disk drive jumpers are pre-con gured correctly at the factory. It should not be necessary to change jumper settings.
5. From the Actions menu, select Add a Floppy Disk Drive... . You will see a list of unused disks, including the new one you have connected. 6. Choose the line identifying the model of the new disk. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN If the device you have connected does not appear on the list: a. Check your hardware connections, and make sure that the device is turned on . b.
Testing Your Installation A simple test to make certain that everything has been installed correctly is to execute the command diskinfo. 1. Make sure a exible disk is inserted in the drive (otherwise, a core dump may result). 2. Type the following, using the appropriate device le name as the argument. For example: diskinfo /dev/rfloppy/0s0 If the disk is installed correctly, diskinfo will display a listing of information about it, such as the following: /dev/rfloppy/0s0 SCSI describe of 0.
Archiving Files to a Flexible Disk Data can be stored on exible disk media in a variety of formats. The capacity of these devices is generally too small to hold useful HP-UX le systems. Instead, DOS or LIF le systems are commonly used. Data can also be stored in an archive-utility format. For example, tar and cpio are commonly used to share data with other HP-UX systems. See the man pages or HP-UX Reference references dosif (4) and lif (4) for detailed descriptions of the le systems.
Mounting a New Flexible Disk If you want HP-UX to be able to address a newly-inserted exible disk as a small le system, you will need to mount it. Execute the following to mount the new disk. For example, using \/flex" as the mount directory: mount /dev/floppy/0s0 /flex See the next section for information on mounting and unmounting a disk used as a le system. 6 6-16 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Removing and Inserting a File-System Flexible Disk Caution If you wish to use the disk as a mounted le system, you must mount it every time you insert it into the drive, and you must unmount the disk before you eject it from the drive. You will need to do the following: Before you remove a disk: 1. Temporarily unmount the le system for the disk by executing the following. For example, if the disk is designated by the block device le /dev/floppy/0s0: umount /dev/floppy/0s0 2. Remove the disk.
Configuring for a CD ROM Drive You can use a CD ROM (\Compact Disc Read-Only Memory") drive to accommodate read-only use of a wide variety of software, including HP-UX system updates. After hardware installation for a drive has been completed (see the Installation Guide for this device), you'll need to ensure that your operating system is prepared to exchange data with the device. This section provides instructions for con guring HP-UX to communicate with the CD ROM drive.
you can remove the disc from one caddy and use the other, if necessary, in order to t the appropriate drive. Disc caddies are available from Hewlett-Packard. Caution Do not open the disc caddy shutter manually. Opening the shutter will expose the disc's data surface to dust and damage. If the data surface gets too much dust or damage, its readability by the CD ROM drive's laser read head will be reduced.
\CD ROM-SCSI", followed by its model number and bus address. Activate OK . NNNNNNNN If the device you have connected does not appear on the list: a. Check your hardware connections, and make sure that the device is turned on and that there is a disc in it. b. Activate the button Device Missing , and you will be given the following options: i. Have SAM rescan the system for the device. If you have connected the device after starting SAM, you should activate Yes . Otherwise, activate No .
12. A \Messages" Box appears, reporting the progress of the task. When the task is nished, activate 4OK5. 13. Exit SAM by returning to opening screen and activating 4Exit SAM5. Testing Your Installation A simple test to make certain that everything has been installed correctly is to execute the command diskinfo. 1. First make sure a CD ROM is inserted in the drive. 2. Then, type the following (using the appropriate device le name as the argument).
it manually. (Note that using the -a option mounts all unmounted devices in /etc/checklist.) After mounting a new disk on a directory, an ll listing of the directory should give you at least one le or directory entry. For example: total 1024 drwxr-xr-x lename See the next section for information on unmounting the disc before you remove it.
Before you remove a disc: 1. For example, if the disc is designated by the block device le /dev/dsk/2s0, temporarily unmount the disk's le system by executing the following: umount /dev/dsk/2s0 2. Press the eject button to remove the disk After you insert a disk: 1. Mount the CD ROM le system so that HP-UX will recognize it.
Configuring for a DDS Tape Drive This section contains instructions for con guring a new DDS drive on HP-UX. 6 The DDS (\Digital Data Storage") Tape Drive is a sequential-access, read-write device using removable DDS cassettes. Although DDS drives are similar to DAT players in the audio industry, the cassettes are not interchangeable. There are two major di erences: 1. Audio cassette tapes transfer data in streaming mode. That is, they are left in motion for periods of minutes.
The steps for adding a DDS tape drive to your system are: 1. Make sure that the necessary device drivers are con gured into the kernel. SAM will make this test. 2. Choose a SCSI bus address for the new tape drive that does not match the bus address for any other SCSI device. 3. Shut your system down and turn o the power. 4. Make all necessary hardware connections for the device. 5. Turn the new tape drive on . 6. Turn your system on . 7. Run SAM to create the device les for the new tape drive.
Before You Begin: First make a note of the tape drive model and its hardware address (SCSI bus address) so that you will be able to identify it later. DDS Drive Model: Bus Address: 1. Log in as root. 2. Run SAM by typing the following: $ /usr/bin/sam To get help in SAM, pressing the 4f15 key gives you context-sensitive information for the object at the location of the cursor. 3. Highlight and select Peripheral Devices -> NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4.
If you reboot, the old kernel will be backed up as /SYSBCKUP. 10. Exit SAM, if you have not already done so. Note If you are modifying a cluster client's kernel, its kernel is not backed up, since /SYSBCKUP is used exclusively for the cluster server's kernel. Your system is now running the added driver for SCSI DDS tape drive. You are ready to use the drive to load a tape into your system.
DDS Tape Drive LED Indicators Two LED indicators on the drive's front panel indicate several operational and test states. The following tables show the LED combinations and explains what they indicate. DDS Tape Drive LED Symbols Used in Table 6-1 6 6-28 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Table 6-1. DDS Tape Drive LED State Codes 6 Caution Indicator The DDS drive continually monitors the number of errors it has to correct when reading or writing a tape. This information is presented to the user through the Caution Indicator (see above chart). A caution indication has two common meanings: The tape heads need cleaning. The tape itself is approaching the end of its useful life. Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Maximum Usage of DDS Cassettes Under optimal environmental conditions (50% relative humidity, 22 C), Hewlett-Packard DDS cassettes are currently speci ed to 2000 passes over any part of the tape. In operational terms, this can be translated into approximately 200 to 300 backup operations.
7 Dealing with Problems Chapter Contents Interpreting Error Messages During Boot. Interpreting the LED Indicators. Dealing with HP VUE Problems. Re-Setting the VRX Special Device Files with mknod. Managing a Boot Failure. Recovering from a System Panic. Dealing with Network Failures. 7 Dealing with Problems FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Interpreting Error Messages During Boot When you turn on your controller, an error message such as the following indicates that a hardware problem with the Boot ROM or its associated circuits occurred: Configuration EEPROM Failed Configure Mode Failed Refer to Table 7-1 for possible error messages you may see when entering Con guration Mode. Table 7-1.
Table 7-1. Configuration Mode Entry Error Messages (continued) Error Message Meaning and Action EEPROM Load Section Missing Could not load new con guration data. Hardware failure. EEPROM Defaults Section Missing Default con gurations could not be found. Hardware failure. Too much data to save Too many interfaces for EEPROM to manage. Recon gure controller with fewer interfaces.
Interpreting the LED Indicators There are eight diagnostic LEDs on the system board, which you can view through a slot on the rear panel. Figure 7-1. Rear Panel Viewing Slot for Diagnostic LEDs These give normal indications for HP-UX when it is running, as shown in Table 7-3. Some of these LEDs will always be blinking during normal operation. Table 7-3.
The indications in Table 7-4 refer to conditions which might happen during boot, including boot failures, before HP-UX is running: Table 7-4. Diagnostic LED Display During Boot Status LED Display (During Boot) A B C D E F G H Remedy No failure. Replace CPU board. Failed CPU register test. Testing the top 16 Kbyte of memory.
Table 7-4. Diagnostic LED Display During Boot (continued) 7 7-6 LED Display (During Boot) Status Remedy IODC test RAM under test. Console failure. Replace CPU board. Failed Boot ROM checksum. Replace CPU board. Preloading memory for main test.
Dealing with HP VUE Problems If you activate HP VUE and experience any problems, it is probable that one of the following is the source of the di culty. If no HP VUE login screen appears: Log in on your system console, if possible. Start \Doctor VUE" by entering the following: /usr/contrib/bin/X11/dr_vue | more Examine the displayed output from dr_vue. It detects errors in various con guration les.
Logging In With HP VUE When All Else Fails 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Select Options . Choose Fail-safe Session . Select (highlight) the Login box. Type your login name. Press 4Return5. Type your password. Press 4Return5 or activate OK .
Re-Setting the VRX Special Device Files with mknod The special device le for the internal VRX graphics hardware used in the Model 382 should already be set up correctly as /dev/crt by the system boot code. If /dev/crt does not exist, is deleted for some reason, or does not allow the device driver access to the hardware, use the information below to create a new /dev/crt. The mknod command creates a special device le which is used to communicate between the SPU and the internal graphics.
Managing a Boot Failure The boot program is located in the Boot ROM of your controller. Here are some things to check if something has gone wrong at this point in the boot process: 1. Boot Program Initializes Hardware Problems during this rst stage of the boot process are rare.
This symptom could also indicate that no kernel was found (see the next phase for details). 3. Boot Program finds the WRONG secondary loader Another possible problem at this stage is that the boot program does nd a secondary loader program, but the one it nds is the wrong one. On the Model 382, there is a particular sequence the boot program uses to locate a secondary loader program. The boot program will use the rst one it nds, and it may nd one before it reaches the one you want it to use.
If after a few minutes, nothing appears to happen, your system probably can't nd a kernel to boot. If you're certain that a valid kernel resides on one of your devices, re-check the status of the device (see the following list \Possible Problem Areas"). If you are attempting to boot from a local device such as a disk drive, and if the device is turned on and con gured properly, your kernel le may be missing or corrupted.
For More Information If you need more detail on booting or recon guring your system, please see System Administration Tasks or Solving HP-UX Problems . 7 Dealing with Problems FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
Recovering from a System Panic In HP-UX terms, a system panic simply means that the operating system encountered a condition that it did not know how to respond to, so it halted your controller. System panics are rare and not always the result of a catastrophe. They sometimes occur at boot if your system was previously not shut down properly. Sometimes they occur as the result of a hardware failure.
Should your system have this problem, it is important to record and categorize the circumstances associated with the panic: Summary Checklist of Possible Causes of Panics Problem Area Hardware Some Corrective Actions: If the failure appears to be associated with the peripheral: Check the integrity of the cable connections. Ensure that the peripheral is online. If the above did not correct the problem, the failure may be associated with the System Processing Unit.
Procedures for Recovering from a System Panic Step 1: Note the Panic Message Record the panic message displayed on the system console. Step 2: Categorize the Panic Message The panic message will tell you why HP-UX panicked. Sometimes panic messages refer to internal structures of HP-UX (or its le systems) and the cause might not be obvious.
If the problem reappears on the device or if the hardware failure appears to be associated with an interface card or an internal component of the system module, you should refer the problem to your HP service representative. Proceed to Step 4 (\Rebooting Your System"). Step 3b: Recovering from a File System Problem If the panic message indicates a problem with one of your le systems, you will need to run the le system checker fsck (1m) to check and correct the problem(s).
Step 4: Rebooting Your System Once you have checked for and corrected any problems from Step 3, you are ready to reboot your system. If your system has not gotten past the system selection phase of the boot process, it is safe to turn it o and then back on to initiate the boot sequence. You will probably notice a few di erences in boot behavior as compared with your normal boot sequence. Your controller might have saved a \core" le to disk.
Check your applications to be sure that they are running properly and monitor the system closely. You should also do backups more frequently until you are con dent that the system is functioning properly. For Further Information . .. See Solving HP-UX Problems and System Administration Tasks for further information on problems relating to the operating system. To restore a corrupted operating system, see the procedures for restoring in Chapter 5 of this manual.
Dealing with Network Failures If the program you have been running uses resources from a local area network and it stops unexpectedly, the following may help locate the source of the problem: Table 7-5. Problems with the Network Problem Action No systems respond to the /etc/ping hostname command. Check the network connection at the back of your workstation. Make sure that the cable is securely fastened to the appropriate connector.
A A Configuring the Boot ROM Appendix Contents Using the Boot ROM Con guration Mode for HP-UX Con guring for Automatic Operating System Selection Configuring the Boot ROM FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
A Using the Boot ROM Configuration Mode The Boot ROM con guration mode is used for internal interface con gurations or Auto System Selection for your controller. Con gure Mode is run and controlled by the Boot ROM. You do not need to have an operating system installed to use Con gure Mode. If the operating system is installed and you want to enter Con gure Mode, you must prevent the operating system from booting. Instructions are provided in this chapter. 1 Turning on your monitor and your controller.
A 4 You should see this menu appear in the upper right-hand corner of the power-up display: Configuration Control Keys Control Class ----------------------1 I/O Configuration 2 Auto System Selection A Abort without changes ----------------------Type [key] RETURN ? The ? prompt below the menu indicates your controller is waiting for an input. To respond, press an appropriate number or letter key, followed by 4Return5.
A Modifying I/O Configuration Information Con guration settings are stored in a part of memory called an EEPROM (\Electronically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory"). Information stored in the EEPROM remains intact even when your controller is turned o . Table A-1 lists the factory-set default con gurations for your EEPROM. Table A-1.
A This Con gurable Interfaces menu replaces the Con guration Control menu: Configurable Interfaces Keys Interface Select Code ---------------------------1 LAN 21 2 HP-IB 3 SCSI 14 4 HP Parallel 12 5 RS-232 9 N store New values D store Default values (then cycle SPU power) A Abort without changes ---------------------------Type [key] RETURN ? Each of the three commands is explained below. Possible Response Function and Meaning 4N5 Stores all the listed new values you entered in the EEPROM.
A Configuring for Automatic Operating System Selection You will probably want to leave this feature in its default setting unless any of the following applies: Two or more operating systems are available on your controller Your workstation is connected to a network that contains multiple servers. You need to be able to auto boot from a di erent operating system from that used by other nodes.
A 1 With Con guration Control menu in the upper-right corner of the screen, enter 2 4Return5. Configuration Control Keys Control Class ----------------------------1 I/O Configuration 2 Auto System Selection A Abort without changes ---------------------------Type [key] RETURN ? 2 This menu appears: Auto System Selection Keys Option Status ---------------------------1 Scan for System Y 2 Selected System N 3 Store Selected Sys.
A 4 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN The Auto System Selection menu changes to indicate Selected System , Scan for System , and Store Selected Sys. are all Y (\yes"). NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Auto System Selection Keys Option Status ---------------------------1 Scan for System Y 2 Selected System Y 3 Store Selected Sys.
A 7 The number-letter designation for the operating system you will select is 1H. Enter that pre x by typing 1H 4Return5. That operating system will boot. If you do not enter this information, the Boot ROM will designate the rst system it scans as the \Selected System". NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN If you previously set the Store Selected Sys. option to \yes," the operating system selected will be the one to automatically boot each time you turn on your controller.
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Glossary Glossary absolute path name The name of a le which lists all the directories leading to it, starting with root (\/") and ending with the le base name itself. If the path name indicates a directory , leave the trailing slash. For example, /users/jth/. access permissions File name characteristics (including read, write , and execute ) which determine whether a process can perform a requested operation on the le (such as opening a le for writing).
Glossary ARPA/Berkeley host name A system name assigned to each system that supports ARPA services. ASCII American Symbolic Code for Information Interchange background process A program, usually low priority, run non-interactively by the shell without terminal I/O, while other processing occupies the terminal. The \&" at the end of a command line causes that command to be run as a background process. backup A copy of all or part of the le system.
Glossary button A graphic element in a display that functionally represents an actual push button. It is usually accessible by mouse pointer and is used to start an action. C A standardized and highly-portable computer language. Also the name of the NLS default language/environment (formerly n-computer). Also the name of one of the HP-UX command interpreters, the C Shell (csh). CD-ROM Compact Disc Read-Only Memory. CD ROM le system A read-only memory le system on compact disk.
Glossary cluster node Any workstation networked into an HP-UX cluster. (Also called \cnode".) cluster server The cluster node which acts as a le system server and operating system server for all the cluster nodes in an HP-UX cluster. Also called cluster root server. cnode Abbreviation for cluster node. CPU Central Processing Unit. The instruction-processing module of the computer. See also SPU. cron A process which executes commands at speci ed dates and times.
Glossary DIO Device input/output. directory A table of identi ers and references (such as le names) that refer to corresponding les and items of data. Used in a typical HP-UX organizational structure to provide an organizational and logical identity for a given group of les and directories. In HP VUE, a directory is sometimes called a \folder." double click Pressing and releasing a mouse button twice in rapid succession. For HP VUE, \double click" an icon.
Glossary File Manager The HP VUE component that allows you to manipulate your les and directories, or to set the format and behavior of HP VUE. leset Describes a logically-de ned, named set of les on an update or installation tape. le system The organization of les on a given storage device, possibly including hierarchical directories. foreground process The process occupying the currently active terminal I/O, which may be a window.
Glossary home session An HP VUE user-con gured default session. Unless you specify otherwise, the home session is restored each time you log in. host name Refers to a string which uniquely identi es a system in a network. There are generally di erent host name domains associated with di erent networks. HP-HIL Hewlett-Packard Human Interface Link. HP-IB Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (IEEE 488 standard). HP-UX cluster A group of workstations connected via a LAN.
Glossary keysh The command for invoking a Key Shell. Key Shell An HP-UX shell which, as an extension of the Korn Shell, uses hierarchical softkey menus and context-sensitive help to aid users in building command lines. Invoked as usr/bin/keysh . Korn Shell An HP-UX shell, featuring command history recall and line-editing. Invoked as /bin/ksh. LAN See Local Area Network.
Glossary menu bar An area at the top of a window that contains the pull down menus for that application. minimize The function of reducing a window to an icon. OSF/Motif window managers|such as the HP VUE Workspace Manager|provide this function. Also see restore. mnemonic A single character used as a keyboard shortcut for a SAM or VUE command. Usually, a command's mnemonic is its initial letter. The screen indicates a mnemonic character by underlining or illuminating the character.
Glossary operating system The contents of /hp-ux, including the kernel, commands, input-output control, system accounting, storage assignment, and other services. Also see kernel. OSF Open Software Foundation. owner The owner of a le is usually the creator of that le. However, the ownership of a le can be changed by the superuser or the current owner with the chown(1) command or the chown(2) system call. parent process ID A parent process identi cation. Also see PID.
Glossary ppid Parent process ID. process An invocation of a program. Generally, process refers to a program running in memory, while program is the code stored on disk. process ID A unique identi cation number assigned to all processes by the operating system. Also see PID. pty Pseudo-terminal. RAM random-access memory. regular expression A string of characters that selects text.
Glossary root le system The le system mounted on the cluster server. root server The node in a cluster to which the storage device containing the root le system of the cluster is physically attached. Also cluster server. root user The user with root permission, having a separate \root" account and password, and working with the Bourne Shell, as the default shell. run-level The system state determined at boot which de nes, among other things, multi- or single-user status.
Glossary session The time between logging in and logging out. shell An HP-UX command interpreter (Bourne, Korn, Key, Posix or C), providing a working environment interface for the user. The shell takes command input from the keyboard and interprets it for the operating system. shell script A le that contains commands that a shell can interpret and run. Also \shell program." shut down To take the system from multi-user state to a state in which no processes are running, using the shutdown command.
Glossary called stdin, and is automatically opened by the shell for reading on le descriptor 0 for every command invoked. standard output The destination of output data from a program. The standard output le is often called stdout, and is automatically opened by the shell for writing on le descriptor 1 for every command invoked. Standard output appears on the display unless it is redirected otherwise. SU Super User. See root user.
uid Glossary User ID. user Any person who interacts directly with a computer system. user interface The medium through which users communicate with their workstations. The command-line prompt is one type of interface. The graphical objects of HP VUE are another type of interface. user ID An integer which identi es each system user. VUE Visual User Environment. window A frame-de ned, rectangular area of the screen used by the HP VUE to contain a particular application or a command line.
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Index Index 3 382 features built-in interfaces, 1-3 general, 1-1 graphics, 1-3 hardware architecture, 1-7 HP-HIL interface, 1-6 HP Parallel port, 1-6 HP-UX operating systems, 1-8 internal mass storage, 1-7 keyboard, 1-6 LAN, 1-6 memory, 1-3 RS-232 interface, 1-6 SCSI interface, 1-6 supported internal mass storage devices, 1-7 supported monitors, 1-3 A archiving, 5-2, 6-15 automatic system selection, A-6 B backing up, 5-2{12 DDS tape, 5-2 exible disk, 6-15 importance of, 7-14 restoring data, 5-7 backups,
Index command line logging in, 3-3 new user account, 3-5 prompt, 4-2 setting password, 3-3 shutting down, 3-11 using, 3-3, 4-1 commands chsh, 4-5 cp, 4-9 diskinfo , 6-14 echo, 4-4 exit, 3-10, 4-5, 4-23 fsck, 7-15, 7-17, 7-18 ftp, 4-17, 4-18, 4-20 ioscan, 6-14 lock, 3-10 lp, 4-12 lsf, 4-8 man, 4-7 mkdir, 4-8 mkrs, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4 more, 4-12 mount, 6-16, 6-17, 6-21 mv, 4-9 passwd , 3-7, 3-8 rcp, 4-17, 4-20, 4-21, 4-22 reboot, 7-17, 7-18 reboot, -n option, 7-17, 7-18 rlogin, 4-17, 4-23 rm, 4-10 rm -rf dirname ,
Index listing with lsf, 4-8 moving and copying les with mv and cp, 4-9 disc caddies, 6-19 disk drive (CD ROM) installation, 6-18{23 disk drive ( exible) installation, 6-12{17 disk drive (hard) installation, 6-8{11 diskinfo , 6-11, 6-14, 6-21 disk storage, 1-7 DISPLAY environment variable, 4-24 displaying windows remotely, 4-24 drives installing, 6-8{30 E echo, 4-4 editing a le information, 2-4 procedure, 4-14 editing functions, 4-14 ejecting a exible disk, 6-17 environment variable DISPLAY, 4-24 environm
Index hardware failure at boot, 7-10, 7-16 failure of peripheral, 7-16 hardware address, 7-11 $HOME/.
Index errors, 5-4 monitor installation documents, 2-2 more, 4-12 mount, 6-16, 6-17, 6-21, 6-22 mounting a CD ROM, 6-21, 6-22 mounting a disk, 6-17 mounting a exible disk, 6-16 mouse installation documents, 2-2 mv, 4-9 N network installation documents, 2-2 Internet Protocol, entering, 2-4 operation, 2-4 network copying ftp, 4-18 network IP number documents for entering, 2-3 network problems, 7-20 new user account, 3-5 NFS le system recovery using SAM, 5-7 No Windows VUE option, 3-11 O operating systems, s
Index restoring individual les, 5-7{9 restoring operating system, 5-10{12 restricted shells, 4-4 retrieving les, 6-15 .
Index X xterm window, 3-12 X Window System activating, 3-12 information, 2-4 Index-7 FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.
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