I- -I User’s Guide HP 8591C Cable TV Analyzer, Spectrum Analyzer Reference
-I I- HP part number: 08591-90104 Printed in USA March 1994 Notice. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
-I I- This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Company will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by HP Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to HP and HP shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer.
-I Limitation of Warranty The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-I IExclusive Remedies THEREMEDIESPROVIDEDHEREINAREBUYER'SSOLEANDEXCLUSIVE REMEDIES, HPSHALLNOTBELIABLEFORANYDIRECT,INDIRECT, SPECIAL,INCIDENTAL,ORCONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES,WHETHER BASEDONCONTRACT,TORT,ORANYOTHERLEGALTHEORY, V
I- -I Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Hewlett-Rxckard products. Fbr any assistance, contact gour nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Ome.
-I I- Safety Notes The following safety notes are used throughout this manual. Familiarize yourself with each of the notes and its meaning before operating this instrument. CAUTION W A R N I N G The caution sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. The warning sign denotes a hazard.
-I General Safety Considerations W A R N I N G Before this instrument is switched on, make sure it has been properly grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a socket outlet provided with protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal can result in personal injury. W A R N I N G CAUTION There are many personal injury.
I- -I HP 8591C Cable TV Analyzer Documentation Description The following guides are shipped with your HP 8591C cable TV analyzer: HP 8590 E-Series Sjxctrum Analyze and HP 8591C Cable TV Analyzer Calibration Guide Tells you how to test your spectrum analyzer to determine if the spectrum analyzer meets its specifications. HP 8591 C CabLe TV Analyzer User’s Guides Cable TV Measurements Tells you how to make cable TV measurements with your analyzer. l Describes the cable TV analyzer mode features.
Options Option 910: Additional User’s Documentation Provides an additional copy of the user’s guides, the calibration guide, and the quick reference guide. Option 915: Assembly-Level and Component-Level Repair Service Guides Describes troubleshooting and repair of the spectrum analyzer. Option 915 consists of two manuals: HP 8590 E-Series and L-Series Spectrum Analyzers and HP 8591C Cable TV Analyzer Assembly-Level Repair Service Guide describes adjustment and assembly level repair of the analyzer.
-I How to Order Manuals Each of the manuals listed above can be ordered individually. To order, contact your local HP Sales and Service Office.
-I I- Contents 1. Preparing For Use What You’ll Find in This Chapter ........... Introducing the HP 8591C Cable TV Analyzer .... Preparing Your Cable TV Analyzer for Use ....... Initial Inspection .................. Power Requirements ................. Setting the Line Voltage Selector Switch ....... Checking the Fuse ................. Power Cable ................... Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time ....... Performing the Tracking-Generator Self-Calibration Routine ....................
I- 2. Getting Started What You’ll Learn in this Chapter ........... Getting Acquainted with the Analyzer .......... Front-Panel Features ................ Rear-Panel Features ................ Data Controls ................... Hold Key .................... Knob ..................... Number/Units Keypad .............. Step Keys ................... Fine-Focus Control ............... Screen Annotation .................. ............. Menu and Softkey Overview ............... Making a Measurement ...............
-I I- Preparing the Memory Card for Use ......... To Enter a Prefix ........... To Save a State ............ 1 : 1 ........ To Recall a State ................. To Save a Trace .................. To Recall a Trace ................. To Save a Display Image .............. To Recall a Display Image ............. To Save Limit-Line Tables or Amplitude Correction Factors .................... To Recall Limit-Line Tables or Amplitude Correction Factors .................... .
-I I- External Keyboard ................. Using the External Keyboard .............. External Keyboard Installation .......... To Enter a Screen Title ............. To Enter Programming Commands ........ To Enter a Prefix ................ 4. Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode What You’ll Learn in This Chapter . . . . . . .- . . . 4-2 Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude Using the Resolution Bandwidth Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-I I- Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) . . . . . Introducing the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability to View Pulsed RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example of a Time-Gated Pulsed RF Signal . . . . . Setting the Gate Delay and Gate Length Properly, When NOT Using the Gate Utility . . . . . . . . . . .
-I I- If the error message FREQ UNCAL stays on screen .... If the calibration routines cannot be performed ..... .......... If the calibration data is corrupt ............. If the display is scrambled How to Call Hewlett-Packard ............ Returning the Cable TV Analyzer for Service ...... ..... Package the cable TV analyzer for shipment Error Messages ................... 8-7 8-8 8-8 8-8 8-10 8-12 8-12 8-14 9. Options and Accessories What You’ll Find in This Chapter ........... Options ...............
-I IFigures l-l. HP 8591C Cable TV Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l-2. Setting the Line Voltage Selector Switch . . . . . . . . . . 1-3. Checking the Line Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l-4. Reference Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5. Example of a Static-Safe Work Station . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 1. Front-Panel Feature Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2. Rear-Panel Feature Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3. Adjusting the Fine Focus . . . . . . . . . . . .
-I IContents 4-9. Viewing an Unstable Signal Using Max Hold A . . . . . . . 4-10. Viewing an Unstable Signal With Max Hold, Clear Write, and Min Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 11. Placing a Marker on the CAL OUT Signal . . . . . . . . . 4-12. Using the Marker Delta Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13. Using the Marker to Peak/Peak Function . . . . . . . . . . 4-14. Frequency and Amplitude Difference Between Signals . . . . 4- 15. Low-Level Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-I Contents 5-19. Test Setup for Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability . . 5-20. Setting the Center Frequency, Span, and Reference Level 5-21. Setting the Sweep Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22. Setting the Gate Delay and Gate Length Using an Oscilloscope 5-23. Using Time-Gating to View Signal 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24. Placing the Gate Output During the Second Signal . . . . . 5-25. Viewing Both Signals with Time-Gating . . . . . . . . . . 5-26. Gate Not Occurring During the Pulse . . .
Tables l-l. Accessories Supplied with the Cable TV Analyzer . . . . . . l-2. Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l-3. AC Power Cables Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l-4. Setting of ThinkJet Printer Mode Switches . . . . . . . . . 1-5. Static-Safe Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-l. Screen Annotation for Trace, Trigger, and Sweep Modes . . . 2-2. Screen Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3- 1.
I- 1 Preparing For Use
I- -I Preparing For Use What You’ll Find in This Chapter This chapter describes the process of getting the cable TV analyzer ready to use when you have just received it. See “Preparing Your Analyzer For Use” for the process steps. The process includes initial inspection, setting up the unit for the selected ac power source, and performing automatic self-calibration routines. Information about static-safe handling procedures is also included in this chapter.
-I Preparing For Use The HP 8591C cable TV analyzer is a small, lightweight test instrument that covers the 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz frequency range. The HP 8591C cable TV analyzer is a portable instrument ideal for field use. It comes in a durable carrying case that makes it easy to transport and protects it from moisture and dirt. The cable TV analyzer is fully operational within the case so you never need to remove it.
-I IPreparing Your Cable TV Analyzer for Use Detailed information for all of the steps in this process is included in this chapter immediately following the process description. 1. Unpack the cable TV analyzer from the shipping container and inspect it for damage during shipping. 2. Verify that all of the accessories and documentation has been shipped. 3. Check that the line voltage selector on the rear panel is set to the proper voltage for your area. 4. Check that the correct fuse is in place.
-I Initial Inspection Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or cushioning material is damaged, keep it until you have verified that the contents are complete and you have tested the cable TV analyzer mechanically and electrically. lhble l-l contains the accessories shipped with the cable TV analyzer. If the contents are incomplete or if the cable TV analyzer does not pass the verification tests in the calibration guide, notify the nearest Hewlett-Packard office.
-I Preparing For Use Initial Inspection Table l-l. Accessories Supplied with the Cable TV Analyzer Description HP Part Number Comments Zabla TV RF/video measurements personality H P B5721A Shipped with analyzer. Zable, 7 5 0, B N C 5062-6452 Shipped with analyzer. Memory card holder 9222-1545 Shipped with analyzer. vlemory card, 128 kilobyte H P 82215A Shipped with analyzer. idapter, B N C iml t o T y p e F If] 1250-2477 Shipped with analyzer.
-I I- Power Requirements The cable TV analyzer is a portable instrument and requires no physical installation other than connection to a power source. CAUTION Do not connect ac power until you have verified that the line voltage is correct, the proper fuse is installed, and the line voltage selector switch is properly positioned, as described in the following paragraphs. Damage to the equipment could result. Table 1-2.
-I IPreparing For Use Power Requirements Setting the Line Voltage Selector Switch Figure l-2. Setting the line Voltage Selector Switch CAUTION Before connecting the cable TV analyzer to the power source, you must set the rear-panel voltage selector switch correctly to adapt the cable TV analyzer to the power source. An improper selector switch setting can damage the cable TV analyzer when it is turned on.
-I IPreparing For Use Power Requirements Checking the Fuse Figure 1-3. Checking the Line Fuse The recommended fuse is size 5 by 20 mm, rated F5A, 250 V (IEC approved). This fuse may be used with input line voltages of 115 V or 230 V. Its HP part number is 2110-0709. With an input line voltage of 115 V an alternate fuse can be used. In areas where the recommended fuse is not available, a size 5 by 20 mm, rated fast blow, 5 A, 125 V (UL/CSA approved) fuse may be substituted.
-I Preparing For Use Power Requirements To check the fuse, insert the tip of a screwdriver in the slot at the middle of the container and pry gently to extend the container. NOTE The fuse container is attached to the line module; it cannot he removed. The fuse closest to the cable TV analyzer is the fuse in use. If the fuse is defective or missing, install a new fuse in the proper position and reinsert the fuse container.
-I IPreparing For Use Power Requirements Power Cable The cable TV analyzer is equipped with a three-wire power cable, in accordance with international safety standards. When connected to an appropriate power line outlet, this cable grounds the instrument cabinet. W A R N I N G Failure to ground the cable TV analyzer properly can result in personal injury. Before turning on the cable TV analyzer, you must connect its protective earth terminals to the protective- conductor of the main power cable.
-I IPreparing For Use Power Requirements Table 1-3. AC Power Cables Available PLUG TYPE * * PLUG CABLE CABLE DESCRIPTION LENGTH COLOR CABLE HP PART NUMBER 250v CM 8120-1351 Strafght* 8120-1703 Qb BS1363A FOR USE IN COUNTRY ( INCHES) 229 (90) Mint 229 (90) Mint Gray Gray Great Eritafn. Cyprus. Nigeria. Slngopore.
I- -I Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time When you turn the cable TV analyzer on for the first time, you should perform frequency and amplitude self-calibration routines to generate correction factors and indicate that the unit is functioning correctly. The cable TV analyzer should be allowed to warm-up for 30 minutes before performing the self-calibration routines.
-I IPreparing For Use Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time NOTE Record the firmware date and keep it for reference. If you should ever need to call Hewlett-Packard for service or with any questions regarding your cable TV analyzer, it will be helpful to have the firmware date readily available. 4. To meet cable TV analyzer specifications, allow a 30 minute warm-up before attempting to make any calibrated measurements.
-I IPreparing For Use Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time 7. When the frequency and amplitude self-calibration routines have been completed successfully, store the correction factors by pressing CAL STORE. The self-calibration routines calibrate the cable TV analyzer by generating correction factors.
I- -I Preparing For Use Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time 1. To calibrate the tracking generator, connect the tracking generator output (RF OUT 75 a2) to the cable TV analyzer INPUT 75 D connector, using an appropriate cable. NOTE A low-loss cable should be used for accurate calibration. Use the 75 0 cable shipped with the cable TV analyzer. 2.
Printing or Plotting You may wish to obtain a permanent record of data displayed on the cable TV analyzer screen. This can be done using the (copy) key of the cable TV analyzer, and a printer or plotter. Printing Using an RS-232 Interface Equipment l HP 8591C cable TV analyzer.
I- -I Preparing For Use Printing or Plotting Interconnection and Printing Instructions 1. Turn off the cable TV analyzer and the printer. NOTE The RS-232 interface allows only one device (either the printer or the plotter) to be connected to the cable TV analyzer. Refer to the programmer’s guide for more information on RS-232 protocol and cable wiring. 2. Connect the printer using an RS-232 cable. 3. Turn on the cable TV analyzer and printer. 4. P r e s s @%FiQ, M o r e 1 o f 3 5.
-I Preparing For Use Printing or Plotting 7. Select the configuration for your printer by pressing the appropriate key. Note that the softkey is activated when the key title is underlined. S e t Colr P r i n t e r Press this key to print in color if the cable TV analyzer is connected to a Hewlett-Packard color printer, then select the appropriate printer, Selecting any Hewlett-Packard printer results in three printouts per page prior to formfeeding the page.
-I IPreparing For Use Printing or Plotting S e t B&W P r i n t e r Press this key to print in black and white, then press one of the following keys to select the appropriate printer mode. l Press BP B&W PRINTER if the cable TV analyzer is connected to a Hewlett-Packard printer. Selecting any Hewlett-Packard printer results in three printouts per page prior to formfeeding the page. One printout per page can be achieved by manually formfeeding each printout.
-I Preparing For Use Printing or Plotting l Press RP LQ570 SML LRG if the cable TV analyzer is connected to a LQ-570 Epson or other compatible 24-pin print-head printer. Pressing this key to underline SML will print two printouts to a page and will print softkey labels if desired. See step 8 Pressing this key to underline LRG will print only one printout to a page and will not print the softkey labels. 8.
-I IPreparing For Use Printing or Plotting Plotting Using an RS-232 Interface Equipment l HP 8591C cable TV analyzer. l HP 13242G RS-232 cable l Any of the following Plotters: q HP 7440A ColorPro plotter with an RS-232 interface. q HP 7445A plotter with an RS-232 interface. q HP 7550A/B plotter with an RS-232 interface. q HP LaserJet Interconnection and Plotting Instructions 1. Turn off the cable TV analyzer.
IPreparing For Use Printing or Plotting 5. To set the baud rate to 9600 baud, press: BAUD RATE , 9600, (Hz). NOTE The HP 7470A plotter does not support two plots per page. If you use an HP 7470A plotter with an HP 8591C cable TV analyzer, you can select one plot per page or four plots per page, but not two plots per page. 6. Press (j-1, Plot Conf ig . You can choose a full-page, half-page, or quarter-page plot with the PLTWPC I 2 4 softkey.
I- -I Preparing For Use Printing or Plotting Note that for a multi-pen plotter, the pens of the plotter draw the different components of the screen as follows: Description Draws the annotation and graticula. Draws trace A. Draws trace 6. Draws trace C and the display line. Draws user-generated graphics and the lower-limit linf Draws the upper-limit line. 8. Press Previous Menu, COPY DEV PRMT PLT (so that PLT is underlined), then [Copy).
-I IPreparing For Use Printing or Plotting Printing Using an HP-IB Interface Equipment l HP 8591C cable TV analyzer equipped with Option 02 1. l HP 10833 (or equivalent) HP-IB cable.
-I IPreparing For Use Printing or Plotting Table 1-4. Setting of ThinkJet Printer Mode Switches Comments Switch Setting Number 1 down Printer performs a carriage return only. 2 down Printer oerforms a line feed onlv. 3 “P down Sets the printer to skip paper perforations 4 5 down Sets the printer to HP MOOE. “P down down Sets the printer to USASCII. Sets the printer for a paper length of 11 inches.
-I Preparing For Use Printing or Plotting 5. The printer usually resides at the first device address. To enter address 1 for the printer, press PRINTER ADDRESS , 1, (%J. 6. Select the configuration for your printer by pressing the appropriate key. Note that the softkey is activated when the key title is underlined. S e t Colr P r i n t e r Press this key to print in color if the cable TV analyzer is connected to a Hewlett-Packard color printer, then select the appropriate printer.
-I IPreparing For Use Printing or Plotting Set B&W Printer Press this key to print in black and white, then press one of the following keys to select the appropriate printer mode. l Press HP B&W PRINTER if the cable TV analyzer is connected to a Hewlett-Packard printer. Selecting any Hewlett-Packard printer results in three printouts per page prior to formfeeding the page. One printout per page can be achieved by manually formfeeding each printout.
I- -I Preparing For Use Printing or Plotting l Press EP Lq5i’O SML LRG if the cable TV analyzer is connected to a LQ-570 Epson or other compatible 24-pin print-head printer. Pressing this key to underline SML will print two printouts to a page and will print softkey labels if desired. See step 7. Pressing this key to underline LRG will print only one printout to a page and will not print the softkey labels. 7.
-I Preparing For Use Printing or Plotting Plotting Using an HP-IB Interface NOTE The HP 7470A plotter does not support 2 plots per page. If you use an HP 7470A plotter with an HP 8591C cable TV analyzer, you can select one plot per page or four plots per page, but not 2 plots per paw. Equipment l HP 8591C cable TV analyzer with Option 021. l HP 10833 (or equivalent) HP-IB cable.
-I Preparing For Use Printing or Plotting NOTE Because HP-IB cables can be connected together, more than one instrument can communicate on the HP-IB. This means that both a printer and a plotter can be connected to the cable TV analyzer fusing two HP-18 cables). Each device must have its own HP-18 address. Disconnect or turn off the computer Because the cable TV analyzer cannot plot with two controllers (the computer and the cable TV analyzer) connected, the computer must be disconnected from the HP-IB.
IPreparing For Use Printing or Plotting softkey label. The upper and lower sections of the softkey label graphically represent where the plotter output will be located. Note that for a multi-pen plotter, the pens of the plotter draw the different components of the screen as follows: Description Pen Number 1 Draws the annotation and graticula. 2 Draws trace A. 3 Draws trace 8. 4 Draws trace C and the display line. 5 Draws user-generated graphics and the lower-limit line.
-I IPreparing For Use Printing or Plotting Printing Using a Parallel Interface l HP 8591C cable TV analyzer equipped with Option 024. l HP 92284A parallel printer cable. l Printer with parallel Interface, choose one of the following: q HP 310* Portable DeskJet q HP 500 DeskJet q HP 5OOC* DeskJet q HP 55OC* DeskJet q HP 3630A PaintJet q HP LaserJet q LQ-570 Epson q MX-80 Epson * Supports color printing Interconnection and Printing Instructions 1.
-I Preparing For Use Printing or Plotting Set Colr Printer Press this key to print in color if the spectrum analyzer is connected to a Hewlett-Packard color printer, then select the appropriate printer. Selecting any Hewlett-Packard printer results in three printouts per page prior to formfeeding the page. One printout per page can be achieved by manually formfeeding each printout.
-I IPreparing For Use Printing or Plotting S e t B&W P r i n t e r Press this key to print in black and white, then press one of the following keys to select the appropriate printer mode. l Press HP B&W PRINTER if the spectrum analyzer is connected to a Hewlett-Packard printer. Selecting any Hewlett-Packard printer results in three printouts per page prior to formfeeding the page. One printout per page can be achieved by manually formfeeding each printout.
I- -I Preparing For Use Printing or Plotting l Press EP Lq570 SML LRG if the spectrum analyzer is connected to a LQ-570 Epson or other compatible 24-pin print-head printer. Pressing this key to underline SML will print two printouts to a page and will print softkey labels if desired. See step 7. Pressing this key to underline LRG will print only one printout to a page and will not print the softkey labels. 6.
I- -I Preparing For Use Printing or Plotting Plotting to an HP LaserJet Printer l HP 8590 Series spectrum analyzer with RS-232 or Parallel Interface l Any of the following HP LaserJets: l q HP LaserJet IIP q HP LaserJet III q HP LaserJet IIIP q HP LaserJet 4 q HP LaserJet 4L q HP LaserJet 4P HP 13242G RS-232 cable or HP 92284A parallel printer cable Interconnection and Plotting Instructions 1. Turn off the spectrum analyzer.
-I IPreparing For Use Printing or Plotting 4. Press (CONFIG]. 5. Press COPY DEV PRNT PLT so that PLT is underlined. 6. Press (CONFIG), Plot Conf kg . You can choose a full-page, half-page, or quarter-page plot with the PLTS/PG 1 2 4 softkey. Press PLTS/PG 1 2 4 to underline the number of plots per page desired. 7. If two or four plots per page are chosen, a function is displayed that allows you to select the location on the paper of the plotter output.
-I Electrostatic Discharge Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components. All work on electronic assemblies should be performed at a static-safe work station. Figure l-5 shows an example of a static-safe work station using two types of ESD protection: l Conductive table-mat and wrist-strap combination. l Conductive floor-mat and heel-strap combination Both types, when used together, provide a significant level of ESD protection.
IPreparing For Use Electrostatic Discharge WARNING These techniques for a static-safe work station should not be used when working on circuitry with a voltage potential greater than 500 volts. BUI Iding Ground 1 MegOhm Resistor Figure l-5. Example of a Static-Safe Work Station Table l-5. Static-Safe Accessories HP Part Number Description 1 1 9300-0797 S e t i n c l u d e s : 3M s t a t i c c o n t r o l m a t 0 . 6 m x 1 . 2 m 12 f t x 4 ftl a n d 4 . 6 c m 1 1 5 ftl ground wire.
-I 2 Getting Started
-I I- Getting Started What You’ll Learn in this Chapter This chapter introduces the basic functions of the HP 8591C cable TV analyzer. In this chapter you will: l Get acquainted with the front-panel and rear-panel features. l Get acquainted with the menus and softkeys. l Learn about screen annotation. l Make a basic measurement (the calibration signal). l Learn how to improve measurement accuracy by using self-calibration routines.
-I Getting Acquainted with the Analyzer Figure 2-1. Front-Panel Feature Overview Front-Panel Features The following section provides a brief description of front-panel features. Refer to Figure 2-l. 1 Active function block is the space on the screen that indicates the active function. Most functions appearing in this block can be changed using the knob, step keys, or data keys.
-I Getting Started Getting Acquainted with the Analyzer Message block is the space on the screen where MEAS UNCAL and the asterisk (*) appear. If one or more functions are manually set (uncoupled), and the amplitude or frequency becomes uncalibrated, MEAS UNCAL appears. (Use &TO COUPLE) and AUTO ALL to recouple functions.) The asterisk indicates that a function is in progress. Softkey labels are the annotation on the screen next to the unlabeled keys.
-I Getting Started Getting Acquainted with the Analyzer 7 IcoPv] prints or plots screen data. Use [CONFIG], Plot Conf ig or Print Conf ig , and COPY DEV PRMT PLT before using IcoPv]. See Chapter 6 for more details. CAUTION 8 CONTROL functions access menus that allow you to adjust the resolution bandwidth, adjust the sweep time, store and manipulate trace data, and control the instrument display.
-I Getting Started Getting Acquainted with the Analyzer CAUTION If the tracking generator output power is too high, it may damage the device under test. Do not exceed the maximum power that the device under test can tolerate. 18 RF OUT 75 D supplies a source output for the built-in tracking generator. For Option 011 the output frequency range of the cable TV analyzer is 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz. 19 ILINE) turns the instrument on and off.
IGetting Started Getting Acquainted with the Analyzer Rear-Panel Features Figure 2-2. Rear-Panel Feature Overview 1 EXT ALC INPUT allows the use of an external detector or power meter for automatic leveling control of the tracking generator. I;br Option 011 only. 2 TV TRIG OUTPUT (TTL) provides TV trigger output using TTL and negative-edge triggering. Standard except for Option 701. 3 GATE TRIGGER INPUT (TTL) accepts a TTL signal which acts as the gate trigger.
-I IGetting Started Getting Acquainted with the Analyzer and closes the gate directly: TTL high sets the gate on; TTL low sets the gate off. When this input is unconnected, TTL is set high. * Option 107 only. CAUTION 4 TV MON OUTPUT connector provides a connection for an external television monitor. 5 EARPHONE connector provides a connection for an earphone jack instead of using the internal speaker.
I- -I Getting Started Getting Acquainted with the Analyzer CAUTION 12 AUX INTERFACE provides a nine-pin “D” subminiature connector for control of external devices. Refer to the specifications and characteristics in your calibration guide for a more detailed description. 13 Interface connectors interfaces for RS-232 (standard) and HP-IB (Option 021) interface buses that support remote instrument operation and direct plotting or printing of screen data. 14 AUX IF OUTPUT is a 50 62, 2 1.
-I Getting Started Getting Acquainted with the Analyzer Data Controls Data controls are used to change values for functions such as center frequency, start frequency, resolution bandwidth, and marker position. The data controls will change the active function in a manner prescribed by that function. For example, you can change center frequency in fine steps with the knob, in discrete steps with the step keys, or to an exact value with the number/units keypad.
-I IGetting Started Getting Acquainted with the Analyzer NOTE When using the knob to change frequency or amplitude settings, the trace data is shifted. Therefore, when using MAX HOLD A, MAX HOLD B , or MIN frequency with the knob will not simulate a drifting signal. Number/Units Keypad HOLD C , moving the center The number/units keypad allows entry of exact values for many of the cable TV analyzer functions. You may include a decimal point in the number portion.
-I IGetting Started Getting Acquainted with the Analyzer Fine-Focus Control The fine-focus control is located on the side of the cable TV analyzer. Use the following procedure to adjust the fine-focus control: 1. Adjust the front-panel intensity control for a comfortable viewing intensity. 2. Use an adjustment tool or small screwdriver to access the fine-focus adjustment. See Figure 2-3. Adjust for a focused display. FINE FOCUS ADJUSTMENT I Figure 2-3.
-I IScreen Annotation Figure 2-4 shows an example of the annotation that may appear on a cable TV analyzer screen. The screen annotation is referenced by numbers and is listed in Table 2-2. The function key column indicates which front-panel key or softkey activates the function related to the screen annotation. Refer to Chapter 6 for more information on a speciEc function key. ST.4RT FI?EO STOP FREO I OF FST RES BW 1 100.0 I MHz I SPAN I 200.
-I IGetting Started Screen Annotation trigger mode. The second letter (“S”) indicates the cable TV analyzer is in single-sweep mode. Item 22 refers to the trace modes of the cable TV analyzer. The first letter (“W”) indicates that the cable TV analyzer is in clear-write mode. The second letter is “A,” representing trace A. The trace B trace mode is “SB”, indicating trace B (“B”) is in the store-blank mode (“S”). The trace mode annotation for trace C is displayed under the trace mode annotation of trace A.
Getting Started Screen Annotation Table 2-2. Screen Annotation Function Kev Description Item 1 detector mode 2 reference level 3 time and data display 4 screen title 5 RF attenuation 6 preamplifier gain 11 7 external keyboard entry Refer to “External Keyboard” in Chapter 3. 8 marker readout (MKR), l-1, (MKRFCTN), or '[PEAK SEARCH] measurement uncalibrated or function-in-progress massages service request Sea Appendix A remote operation Sea “(LOCALf’ in Chapter 6.
-I I- Menu and Softkey Overview The keys labeled AMPLITUDE, FREQUENCY, CAL, and MKR are all examples of front-panel keys. Pressing most front-panel keys accesses menus of functions that are displayed along the right side of the display. These menus are called softkey menus. Softkey menus list functions other than those accessed directly by the front-panel keys. To activate a function on the softkey menu, press the unlabeled key immediately to the right of the annotation on the screen.
I- -I Making a Measurement CAUTION Do not exceed the maximum input power. The maximum input power for the HP 8591C is +72 dBmV (O-2 watt) continuous, 100 V dc (with 10 dB or more attenuation). Let’s begin using the cable TV analyzer by measuring an input signal. Since the 300 MHz calibration signal (CAL OUT) is readily available, we will use it as our input signal. You cannot hurt the cable TV analyzer by using the calibration signal and pressing any of the keys described in this section.
-I IGetting Started Making a Measurement When the peak of a signal does not appear on the screen, it may be necessary to adjust the amplitude level on the screen. Press @GKiKKZJ REF LEVEL 48.8 dBmV appears in the active function block. The REF LVL softkey label appears in inverse video to indicate that reference level is the active function. The reference level is the top graticule line on the display and is set to 48.8 dBmV.
-I Getting Started Making a Measurement 7. Set the marker. You can place a diamond-shaped marker on the signal peak to find the signal’s frequency and amplitude. To activate a marker, press the m key (located in the MARKER section of the front panel). The MARKER NORMAL label appears in inverse video to show that the marker is the active function. Turn the knob to place the marker at the signal peak.
-I I- Measurement Summary 1. Connect the cable TV analyzer CAL OUT to the INPUT 75 Q and press the (PRESET) key. 2. Set the center frequency by pressing the following keys: L-1, 300 INIHz). 3. Set the span by pressing the following keys: m), 20 [MHz). 4. The calibration signal is 20 dB (two graticule divisions) below the top of the screen using these cable TV analyzer settings.
I- Improving Accuracy with Self-Calibration Routines Data from the self-calibration routine is necessary for cable TV analyzer operation. Executing the self-calibration routine regularly ensures that the cable TV analyzer is using current calibration data that improves the cable TV analyzer frequency and amplitude accuracy. Press the ICAL) key to view the self-calibration routine menus. The last softkey on this menu, labeled More 1 of 4 , provides access to additional self-calibration functions.
IGetting Started Improving Accuracy with Self-Calibration Routines 2. On the cable TV analyzer, press m and CAL FREQ & AMPTD Cal signal not found will be displayed if CAL OUT is not connected to the cable TV analyzer input. The frequency and amplitude self-calibration functions take approximately 5 minutes to finish (9 minutes with Option 130) at which time the internal adjustment data is in working RAM. 3.
-I Getting Started Improving Accuracy with Self-Calibration Routines The CAL FREQ softkey starts the frequency self-calibration routine. This routine adjusts the frequency, sweep time, and span accuracy in approximately 2 minutes. The CAL AMPTD softkey starts the amplitude calibration routine. This routine takes approximately 3 minutes (7 minutes with Option 130) to adjust the bandwidths, log and linear switching, IF gains, IF frequency centering, RF attenuation, and log ampliher.
-I IGetting Started Improving Accuracy with Self-Calibration Routines Performing the Tracking Generator Self-Calibration Routine (Option 011 only) In order for the tracking generator to meet its specifications, allow the cable TV analyzer to warm up for 30 minutes after being turned on before attempting to make any calibrated measurements. Be sure to calibrate the cable TV analyzer and the tracking generator only after the cable TV analyzer has met operating temperature conditions.
I- -I Getting Started Improving Accuracy with Self-Calibration Routines 2. Press the following cable TV analyzer keys: LCAL], More I of 4 , More 2 of 4, and CAL TRK GEN TG SIGNAL NOT FOUND will be displayed if the tracking generator output is not connected to the cable TV analyzer input. 3. To save this calibration data in the area of cable TV analyzer memory that is saved when the cable TV analyzer is turned off, press (CAL) then CAL STORE.
-I Getting Started Improving Accuracy with Self-Calibration Routines When Is Self-Calibration Needed? While it is difficult to provide general advice for your speciEc measurement needs, the following suggestions may help you decide when to use the self-calibration features: 1.
-I IMemory Card Insertion and Battery Replacement Use the following information to ensure that the memory card is inserted correctly. Improper insertion causes error messages to occur, but generally does not damage the card or instrument. Care must be taken, however, not to force the card into place. The cards are easy to insert when installed properly. 1. Locate the arrow printed on the card’s label 2. Insert the card with its arrow matching the raised arrow on the bezel around the card-insertion slot.
I- -I Getting Started Memory Card Insertion and Battery Replacement Changing the Memory Card Battery It is recommended that the memory card battery be changed every 2 years. The battery is a lithium commercial CMOS type battery, part number CR 2016 or HP part number 1420-0383. NOTE The minimum lifetime of the battery (under ordinary conditions) is more than 2 years.
I- -I Getting Started Memory Card Insertion and Battery Replacement pul2lc Figure 2-8. Memory Card Battery Date Code location Procedure to Change the Memory Card Battery CAUTION The battery is located beside the card’s write-protect switch on the end opposite the connector. The battery power enables the memory card’s memory to retain data. You can lose the data when the battery is removed. Replace the battery while the card is installed in a powered-up instrument. 1.
-I Getting Started Memory Card Insertion and Battery Replacement BATTERY CLIP GROOVE Figure 2-9.
-I Analyzer Battery Information The HP 8591C cable TV analyzers use a 3.6 V lithium battery to enable the cable TV analyzer memory to retain data. The date when the battery was installed is on a label on the rear panel of the cable TV analyzer. (See Figure 2- 10.) The minimum life expectancy of the battery is 8 years at 25OC, or 1 year at 55°C.
I- -I 3 Using Spectrum Analyzer Features
-I I- Using Spectrum Analyzer Features What You’ll Learn in This Chapter This chapter introduces the spectrum analyzer features of the HP 8591C cable TV analyzer. These features can be used to manipulate measurement data and to make measurements more easily. In this chapter you will: l Use the internal preamplifier. l Use the marker table to list all the active markers. l Use the peak table to list the displayed signals. l Save and recall data from analyzer memory.
-I I- Using the Internal Preamplifier The HP 8591C cable TV analyzer is equipped with an internal preampliEer. Using a preamplifier with a spectrum analyzer can obtain a system (preampliEer and spectrum analyzer) noise Egure that is lower than that of the spectrum analyzer alone. This improves the system sensitivity for making low-level amplitude measurements. However, a preampliEer does reduce the dynamic measurement range of the spectrum analyzer.
-I I- Use the Marker Table to List All the Active Markers The marker table function can be used to display a list of all of the active markers. It is sometimes necessary to keep track of several points on a signal trace. Multiple markers are valuable for the measurement of component response, such as Iilters, in tracking generator swept measurements. The multiple markers feature allows you to place up to four markers on a trace.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Use the Marker Table to List All the Active Markers Example: Use the marker table to measure the calibrator signal. 1. Connect the CAL OUT signal to the cable TV analyzer’s INPUT 75 0. Press (piEm-). 2. Press (PEAK SEARCH) and NEXT PK RIGHT to place the marker 1 on the 300 MHz ca.l signal. 3. Press CMKRj, MK TA3LE ON OFF (ON) to turn on the marker table function. 4. Press (MKR) SELECT 1 2 3 4 (2) to select marker 2. Press MARKER OH OFF (ON) to activate marker 2.
-I Use the Peak 7Jhble to List the Displayed Signals The peak table function can be used to list the amplitude and frequency of up to 10 of the signals being displayed. This is done by pressing a single key, without having to put a marker on each signal. Multiple signals from components, such as oscillators and mixers, or from surveillance are automatically identiEed and listed. The information is updated at the end of each sweep. The peak table display can easily be copied to a printer.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Use the Peak Table to List the Displayed Signals Example: Use the peak table function to measure the calibrator signal and its harmonics. 1. Connect the CAL OUT signal to the cable TV analyzer’s INPUT 75 D and press [GZGY). 2. Press [PEAK SEARCH), More 1 of 2 and PK TABLE ON OFF (ON) to turn on the peak table display. 3. The displayed peaks are listed by amplitude with the highest amplitude signal listed first.
-I I- Saving and Recalling Data from Analyzer Memory This section explains how to save and recall state, trace, limit line, and amplitude correction factor data to and from cable TV analyzer memory. You can use STATE 4 INTRNL to store up to eight states in analyzer memory, and Trace + Intrnl to store many traces, limit-line tables, and amplitude-correction factors. Saving state data saves the cable TV analyzer settings, but not the trace data. Saving trace data saves the trace data and the state data.
-I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from Analyzer Memory To Recall a State 1. Press [jZ?KQ If CARD is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select INTERNAL. 2. Press INTERNAL + STATE 3. Enter the register number under which the state was saved and the state is recalled automatically. State data can also be recalled by using the catalog: 1. Press [RECALL). If CARD is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select INTERNAL. 2. Press Catalog Internal and CATALOG REGISTER.
I- -I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from Analyzer Memory To Save a Trace Saving trace data is very similar to saving state data. Saving trace data saves both the trace data and the state data. 1. Enter a screen title, if desired, by using @iKF7) and Change Title 2. Set up the trace to be stored. 3. Press (SAVE_). If CARD is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select INTERNAL. 4. Press Trace + Intml This accesses a menu displaying TRACE A , TRACE B , and TRACE C . 5.
I- -I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from Analyzer Memory To Recall a Trace 1. Press (RECALL). If CARD is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select INTERNAL. 2. Press Internal + Trace . This accesses a menu displaying TRACE A , TRACE B , TRACE C , LIMIT LINES, and AMP CDR. 3. Press TRACE A , TRACE B , or TRACE C to select the trace in which you want to place the trace data. 4. Enter the register number under which the trace was stored. 5. Press CENTER).
I- -I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from Analyzer Memory To Save a Limit-Line Table or Amplitude Correction Factors The procedure for saving limit-line tables or amplitude correction factors is similar to saving trace data. State and trace data is not recalled with limit-line tables or amplitude-correction factors. 1. Enter a screen title, if desired, by using (j’, Change Title . The screen title is displayed when CATALOG REGISTER is used to catalog the trace registers.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from Analyzer Memory To Recall Limit-Line lkbles or Amplitude Correction Factors 1. Press [RECALL]. If CARD is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select INTERNAL. 2. Press Internal + Trace . This accesses a menu with LIMIT LINES and AMP COR 3. Press either LIMIT LINES to recall a limit-line table or, AMP COR to recall amplitude-correction factors. 4. Enter the register number under which the data was stored. 5. Press [ENTER].
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from Analyzer Memory Table 3-1.
I- -I Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card The memory card provides additional memory for saving instrument states, traces, display images, limit-line tables, amplitude correction factors, and programs. Each HP 822158 battery-backed RAM card provides 128 kilobytes of memory. Several different memory cards are available with up to 512 kilobytes of memory. See “Accessories” in Chapter 9.
IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card Table 3.2.
-I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card Preparing the Memory Card for Use NOTE improper insertion causes error messages to occur, but generally does not damage the card or instrument. Care must be taken, however, not to force the card into place. The cards are easy to insert when installed properly 1. Locate the arrow printed on the card’s label. 2. Insert the card with its arrow matching the raised arrow on the bezel around the card-insertion slot.
Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card 4. If this is a new memory card, it must be formatted before use. Since formatting a card deletes any data stored on the memory card, catalog the card before using the format card function if you suspect the memory card might contain data. To format a new card, press (CONFIG), More 1 of 3 , Card Config , FORMAT CARD . The message If you are sure, press key again to purge data appears on the cable TV analyzer screen.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card To Enter a Prefix Memory card data can be stored and recalled using a prefix. To enter a prefix, press @i’ZFLFj or (CONFIG_), Change Prefix . Pressing Change Prefix accesses a menu containing the letters of the alphabet, the underscore symbol (-), the number symbol (#), a space, and the clear function. To select a character, press the softkey that displays the group of characters that contains the desired character.
-I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card To Save a State 1. Press (jj) or [CONFIG), Change Prefix . Use the softkeys to enter the preEx under which you want the state saved. A preEx can be one to seven characters long. If you do not specify a preEx, the state will be saved with a Ele name consisting of ss(register number). 2. Press (SAVE_). If INTERNAL is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select CARD.
-I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card To Recall a State Press ISAVE) or fj%?KiJ lf INTERNAL is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select CARD. Press Catalog Card then CATALOG STATES Use the knob to highlight the state data to be retrieved. Press LOAD FILE State data can also be recalled by specifying the preEx and the register number: 1. Use Change Prefix to enter the preEx, or use the existing prefix. 2. Press Cm).
I- -I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card To Save a Trace Saving trace data saves the trace data and the state data. 1. Press (jj] or CCONFIGI), and then Change Prefix to enter a new preEx or change the existing preEx. If you do not specify a preEx, the trace will be saved with a Ele name consisting of s-(register number). 2. Enter a screen title, if desired, by using @iFiF] then Change Title 3. Set up the trace to be stored. 4. Press (SAVE).
I- -I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card To Recall a Trace Press ISAVE) or [RECALL]. If INTERNAL is underlined, press INTER??AL CARD to select CARD. Press Catalag Card then CATALOG TRACES Use the knob to highlight the trace data to be retrieved. Press LOAD FILE . The trace data is placed in trace B. Trace data can also be recalled by specifying the preEx and the register number : 1. Use Change Prefix to enter the preEx, or use the existing prefix. 2.
IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card To Save a Display Image 1. Press [mj or (@iZZ), Change Prefix Use the softkeys to enter a prefix under which you want the state saved. A prefix can be one to seven characters long. If you do not specify a prefix, the display image will be saved with a file name consisting of i-(register number). 2. Press LSAVEI). If INTERNAL is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select CARD.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card To Recall a Display Image 1. Use Change Prefix to enter the prefix, or use the existing prefix. 2. Press (SAVE) or (RECALL). If INTERNAL is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select CARD. 3. Press Catalog Card then CATALOG ALL Use the knob to highlight the display image data to be retrieved. 4. Press LOAD FILE .
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card To Save Limit-Line l%bles or Amplitude Correction Factors The procedure for saving limit-line tables or amplitude correction factors is similar to saving trace data. State and trace data is not recalled when the limit-line tables or amplitude correction factors are recalled. 1. Press @iKKJ or @iK’Z], Change Prefix to enter a new prelix or change the existing prefix.
I- -I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card To Recall Limit-Line lhbles or Amplitude Correction Factors 1. Use Change Prefix to enter the prefix, or use the existing prefix. 2. press [RECALL_). If INTERNAL is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select CARD. 3. Press Card -+ Trace to access the menu with LIMIT LINES and AMP COR. 4. Press either LIMIT LINES , to recall a limit-line table, or AMP COR , to recall amplitude-correction factors. 5.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card Saving and Recalling Programs with a Memory Card Programs (also called downloadable programs or DLPs) can be loaded into cable TV analyzer memory either by loading a program from a memory card or by defining a function with programming commands. The process of saving and recalling programs from the memory card is similar to saving state data. To save program information to the memory card use ALL DLP + CARD.
-I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card To Save a Program l. Press [CONFIG] or (jj], then Change Prefix to enter a new preEx or change the existing prefix. If you do not specify a preEx, the program will be saved with a Ele name consisting of d-(register number). 2. Press (SAVE). If INTERNAL is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select CARD. 3. Press ALL DLP +-CARD. REGISTER # and PREFIX= are displayed on the cable TV analyzer display. 4.
-I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card To Recall a Program 1. Press m or ~~~. If INTERNAL is underlined, press INTERNAL CARD to select CARD. (CARD is underlined when the memory card is selected). 2. Press Catalog Card, More 1 of 2, then CATALOG DLP . Use the knob to highlight the data to be retrieved. 3. Press LOAD FILE Programs can also be recalled by specifying the preEx and the register number: 1.
I- -I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card Table 3-3.
I- -I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Saving and Recalling Data from the Memory Card Table 3-3.
-I Using Limit-Line Functions Limit lines provide an easy way to compare trace data to a set of amplitude and frequency parameters while the cable TV analyzer is sweeping the measurement range. An upper and/or lower limit line can be displayed. Every measurement sweep of trace A is compared to the limit lines. If trace A is at or within the bounds of the limit lines, LIMIT PASS is displayed. If trace A is out of the limit-line boundaries, LIMIT FAIL is displayed.
-I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions Procedure for Creating an Upper Limit Line This procedure demonstrates how to create a sample upper limit line for the CAL OUT signal and activate testing. Detailed descriptions of the limit-line functions follow this procedure. 1. Press (FiEFi]. 2. Set the center frequency and span by pressing and (SPAN), 500 (MHz]. [FREQUENCY], 300 INIHz), 3.
I- -I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions 11:46:23 AUG 18, 1993 t REF 48.8 PERK LOG dBmV MKR 382.8 AT 10 dB : : M 37.48 dB ,. UID BW AUTO w ii, VGW/RBW RATIO 1 VI0 AVG O N m v. W A SI SC F'! .s CORI R Y b CENTI 388.8 NHz :: ES BW 3.8 MHz #UBW 388 kHz SPFlN 2BB.B MHz SWP 20.0 msec EM1 BW Menu T Figure 3.4. Typical limit-line Display 5.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions NOTE To clear an existing limit-line table, press More 1 times. After pressing of 2 Then press PURGE LIMITS two PURGE LIMITS the first time, the message If you are sure, press key again to purge data will appear. Pressing PURGE LIMITS a second time purges the limit-line table. @EZ’Fi) turns limit-line testing off (if it is or-d, but does not clear an existing limit-line table. 6. Press Edit Upper to edit or create an upper limit line. 7.
I- -I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions NOTE The coordinates for the second point must be entered before the first and limit-line segment is displayed. 9. Enter the second limit-line segment by pressing the following keys: 250 (MHz) 11 [-dBmVj SLOPE NOTE Table entries can be edited if you make a mistake. To edit an existing segment, use SELECT SEGMENT to specify the segment. Use SELECT FREQ , SELECT AMPLITUD , or SELECT TYPE to specify the column you wish to edit. 10.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions 09126116 JUL m REF 48.8 dBmV PEAK LOG : I” ii, 29, 1993 AT i0 d8 : : SEG : STAR;-FREb 600.000000 s e t El&W Printer UP;ERAMP FIXED TYPE ; set Colr Printer MHz PRT MENU u OFF WA s SC F COR 1 1 I.........; ;...... ..I . . . . . . . ..I I . . . . . . . . . . CENTER 388.0 FlHz RES GM 3.8 MHz VBW 1 MHz PRINTER SETUP ;. . . . . . ..I . . . . . . . . . . Previous Menu SPAN 588.0 MHz T SWP 20.8 msec ' Figure 3-5.
I- -I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions Limit-Line Functions This section describes the limit-line functions in the order that they are usually used. Editing, Creating, or Viewing a Limit-Line Pressing (m), then Limit Lines accesses the softkey menus used for creating a limit line. Press Edit Limit to edit an existing limit-line table or. If no limit-line table currently exists this will allow you to create one.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions Selecting the Type of Limit-Line Table The LIMITS FRQ TIME key selects the type of limit line parameters. Parameters can be entered as frequency/amplitude coordinates, or as time/amplitude coordinates. Use the LIMITS FRQ TIME key, to underline the desired choice of either frequency or time parameters. Frequency is the default selection. If TIME is selected SELECT TIME will replace SELECT FREQ in the Edit Limit menus.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions Selecting the Limit-Line Table Format Press Edit Upper , Edit Lower , Edit Up/Low, or Edit Mid/Delt to edit or create a limit-line table. Each of the edit softkeys represents a different type of limit-line table format. The choice of edit softkey depends upon whether you want an upper limit line only, a lower limit line only, or both an upper and a lower limit line.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions l The upper and lower limit-line table format is accessed by Edit Up/Low With the upper and lower limit-line table format, the upper and lower limit-line coordinates can be entered at the same time: the frequency (or time), upper amplitude, lower amplitude, and type are specified.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions Selecting the Segment Number Pressing SELECT SEGMENT specifies the segment number to be entered or edited. Limit lines are created by entering frequency or time values and amplitude values into a limit-line table. The frequency/time and amplitude values specify a coordinate point from which a limit-line segment is drawn. The coordinate point is the lowest frequency or time point of the line segment.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions Item 1 Frequency and amplitude coordinate that starts the first segment. 2 3 First segment. Frequency and amplitude coordinate that starts the second segment. 4 Second segment. 5 6 Frequency and amplitude coordinate that starts the third segment. Third segment. Frequency and amplitude coordinate that starts the fourth segment. 1 8 9 IO 11 Selecting the Frequency or Time Coordinate Description of Items in Figure 3-6 Fourth segment.
IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using Limit-Line Functions l With the lower limit-line table format, one amplitude component (representing a lower limit-line segment) is specified per frequency/time component. The amplitude value is entered by pressing SELECT AMPLITUD , entering an amplitude value, and pressing a units key. l With the upper/lower limit-line table format, two amplitude components (one each for the upper and lower limit-line segments) can be specified per frequency or time component.
IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions Selecting the Segment be Press SEGMENT TYPE , then FLAT, SLOPE, or POINT to specify the segment type. The segment type determines how to connect the coordinate point of the current line segment with the coordinate point of the next line segment. The segment type determines whether the line segment is horizontal, vertical, sloped, or a single point. The three segment types are: 1.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using Limit-line Functions 12:58:22 AUG 18, 199E @ REF 48.8 dBmV PERK LOG iit WA SE SC F: CORF CENTE RES BW l.B T MH CT 6 Figure 3-7.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using Limit4ine Functions Completing Table Entry and Activating Limit-Line Testing Pressing EDIT DONE blanks the limit-line table from the screen and accesses the menu with LMT TEST ON OFF and LMT DISP Y N AUTO softkeys. Pressing LMT TEST ON OFF turns the limit-line testing on and off. Pressing LMT DISP Y N AUTO (Y) turns the limit lines display on. Pressing LMT DISP Y N AUTO (N) turns the limit lines display off.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using Limit-Line Functions Procedure for Creating an Upper and Lower Limit Line This is a basic procedure for creating a sample of upper and lower limit lines. The CAL OUT signal is used for the test signal. 1. Press Lj). 2. Since this procedure uses the calibration signal as the test signal, connect the cable TV analyzer’s CAL OUT to the INPUT 75 61 with an appropriate cable. 3. Set the cable TV analyzer controls as follows: FREQUENCY] 300 MHz &@ 50 MHz m3MHz 4.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions 9. Specify the first limit-line segment by using the following key sequence: More 2 of 2 SELECT FREQ 275 (MHz) 5 C-dsmv] 20 pmi] FLAT 10. Repeat the above step for the values listed in the following table to complete the limit-line table. (It is not necessary to repeat the SELECT FREQ softkey for successive entries.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features Using limit-line Functions To edit an existing segment, use SELECT SEGMENT to specify the segment. Then use SELECT FREQ , SELECT AMPLITUD , or SELECT TYPE to specify the column that you wish to edit. ll. Press More 1 of 2 , then EDIT DONE when all values have been entered into the limit-line table. 12. Press LMT TEST ON OFF so that ON is underlined. LIMIT PASS is displayed on the cable TV analyzer screen if the measurement sweep is within the limit lines.
-I I- Learn About the Analog+ Display Mode The analog+ display mode combines traditional analog display performance with digital display benefits. Analog+ display mode gives the cable TV analyzer the look and feel of older analog displays, such as the HP 8558B, but it has the added benefit of features common to digital displays.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features learn About the Analog+ Display Mode 11:41:05 JUL 29, 1993 fP REF 48.8 dBmV AT i0 dB OSP LINE ON OFF Llmlt Lines START 0 Hz RES BW 3.0 MHz uew I IHZ STOP 1.500 GHL SWP 30.0 rnS,C More 1 of 2 T Figure 3-9. Analog+ Display Mode Example: Use the analog+ display mode to look at the calibrator signal. 1. Connect the CAL OUT signal to the cable TV analyzer’s INPUT 75 0. Press (FEET], (FREQUENCY), START FREQ 0 (Hz), STOP FREQ 1.5 IGHz). 2.
-I I- Learn About the Windows Display Windows display mode splits the cable TV analyzer display into two frequency or time displays. When windows is first turned on, the top window will contain an inactive copy of the previous display. The lower window will be active and will display a subset of the frequency span of the upper window. The span of the lower window will be indicated on the upper window by two vertical lines called zone markers.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features learn About the Windows Display Example: Use the windows display format to view the calibrator signal 1. Connect the CAL OUT signal to the cable TV analyzer’s INPUT 75 n. Press (PRESET), (-1, START FREQ 0 a, STOP FREQ 2 IGHz). 2. Turn on the windows display by pressing the WINDOWS ION) key. The active window is indicated by a solid line around the display, rather than a broken line.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features learn About the Windows Display 6. Press WINDOWS ~Z%i). Now a full-sized display of the lower window will be displayed. Notice the increase in the displayed annotation. 7. Pressing WINDOWS [NEXT) activates the upper window. A full- sized display of it will be shown, and the inactive lower window will not be displayed. Press WINDOWS IIUEXT) again to activate the lower window and display it again.
-I Learn How to Enter Amplitude Correction Factors This section provides an overview of amplitude correction, a procedure for creating amplitude-correction data, and descriptions of the amplitude-correction functions. Refer to “Key Descriptions” in Chapter 6 for more information on a specific amplitude-correction function. Amplitude corrections provide an easy way to adjust trace data with a set of amplitude and frequency parameters while the cable TV analyzer is sweeping the measurement range.
-I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features learn How to Enter Amplitude Correction Factors Procedure for Creating Amplitude-Correction Factors This procedure demonstrates how to create and activate amplitude-correction data. Detailed descriptions of the amplitude-correction functions follow this procedure. 1. Press (jPRESET). NOTE A signal is not used in this procedure for demonstrating how to create amplitude-correction data Disconnect any cable on the cable TV analyzer input. 2.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features learn How to Enter Amplitude Correction Factors NOTE After pressing PURGE AMP COR the first time, the message If you are sure, press key again to purge data will appear. Pressing erases the amplitude-correction data. PURGE AMP COR a second time 6. Specify the first amplitude-correction point by pressing the following keys: SELECT FREQ 50 IhllHz) 8 f$SX-7.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features learn How to Enter Amplitude Correction Factors /;p IREF1307:48.805dmll”JVL29.AT,99310 dB PEL\K LOG 10 dB/ SELECT POINT ELEC RE %I SELECT AMPLITUD PURGE AMP cm CENTER 300.0 MHr RES BW 3.0 MHZ “SW 1 MHZ SPAN 500.0 MHz SWP 20 0 msec Figure 3-l 2. Completed Amplitude-Correction Table 9. Press EDIT DONE when all the points have been entered Use steps 10 and 11 to display corrected versus uncorrected amplitude trace data for trace comparison. 10.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features learn How to Enter Amplitude Correction Factors Amplitude-Correction Functions This section describes the amplitude-correction functions in the order they are usually used. Editing or Viewing the Amplitude-Correction Tables Pressing ICAL), More 1 of 4 , More 2 of 4, More 3 of 4, Amp Cor accesses the softkey menus for creating an amplitude-correction table.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features learn How to Enter Amplitude Correction Factors Q 3 14:85:24 AUG 18, 1992 I Q 4 I Figure 3-13. Amplitude-Correction Points Item 3-62 Description of Items in Figure 3-13 1 Frequencies below first point use first amplitude level. 2 First segment interpolated with the 10 dB amplitude level. 3 Frequency and amplitude coordinate that starts the second segment. 4 Third segment interpolated with the -10 dB amplitude level.
IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features learn How to Enter Amplitude Correction Factors Selecting the Frequency Coordinate Press SELECT FREQ , then enter a frequency value for the point. NOTE Only two entries per frequency are used. If more points with the same frequency are entered, only the first and last entries are used. All other amplitude values are ignored. See Figure 3-13 for an example of two entries at the same frequenn/.
-I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features learn How to Enter Amplitude Correction Factors Completing Table Entry and Activating Amplitude Corrections Pressing EDIT DONE blanks the amplitude-correction table from the screen and accesses the menu with AMP COR ON OFF Pressing AMP COR ON OFF turns the amplitude corrections on and off.
-I I- External Keyboard The HP C1405A Keyboard is an IBM AT compatible keyboard that can be connected to the external keyboard connector on the rear panel of the cable TV analyzer. The external keyboard allows a convenient way to enter screen titles and remote programming commands directly into the cable TV analyzer or to access the softkey functions.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features External Keyboard Table 3-8. External Keyboard Functions (continued) Description Key Deletes the character over the cursor. [@RsEmJ Toggles between the insert and replace mode at the cursor. [BACKSPACE) Erases the previous character to the left of the cursor. (ALTHDELETE)' Clears the keyboard line. Clears to end of line. Moves the cursor to the left. Moves the cursor to the rioht. Moves from later items to earlier items in the recall buffer.
-I Using Spectrum Analyzer Features External Keyboard The external keyboard operation with the cable TV analyzer is similar to its operation with a computer except for the following: SCROLL LOCK and NUM LOCK are fixed and cannot be changed. Pressing c-1 displays the keyboard mode on the cable TV analyzer screen. The analyzer will not recognize the control characters or function keys. The keyboard supports a 244 character recall buffer.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features External Keyboard Using the External Keyboard The following three example procedures demonstrate how to use an external keyboard to enter a screen title, programming commands, and a prefix. However, a brief procedure on installing your external keyboard is described first. More detailed information on using the external keyboard is found in the HP 8590 E-Series and L-Series Spectrum Analyzers and HP 8591C Cable TV Analyzer Programmer’s Guide.
-I IUsing Spectrum Analyzer Features External Keyboard To Enter Programming Commands Refer to the HP 8590 E-Series and L-Series Spectrum Analyzers and HP 8591 C Cable TV Analyzer Programmer’s Guide for more information. 1. Press (F8) on the external keyboard to enter the mode for executing remote commands. 2. Type in a programming command (for example, type IP). 3. Press @EiEK] on the external keyboard to execute the command.
-I I- 4 Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode
-I I- Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode This chapter demonstrates basic spectrum analyzer measurements with examples of typical measurements; each measurement focuses on different functions. The measurement procedures covered in this chapter are listed What You’ll Learn in This be1ow. Resolving Chapter l signals of equal amplitude using the resolution bandwidth function. l Resolving small signals hidden by large signals using the resolution bandwidth function.
-I I- Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude Using the Resolution Bandwidth Function In responding to a continuous-wave signal, a swept-tuned spectrum analyzer traces out the shape of the spectrum analyzer’s intermediate frequency (IF) filters. As we change the filter bandwidth, we change the width of the displayed response. If a wide hlter is used and two equal-amplitude input signals are close enough in frequency, then the two signals appear as one.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude Using the Resolution Bandwidth Function Example: Resolve two signals of equal amplitude with a frequency separation of 100 kHz. I I CAL OUT INPUT / L COUPLER pul17c Figure 4-1. Set-Up for Obtaining Two Signals 1. To obtain two signals with a 100 kHz separation, connect the calibration signal and a signal source to the spectrum analyzer input as shown in Figure 4-1.
-I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude Using the Resolution Bandwidth Function PEAK LOG 10 dB/ RES BW WA SF! SC FC CORR EM1 BW Men” I CENTER 300.000 MHZ #RES BW 100 )tHZ “BW 30 km SPAN 2.000 MHZ SWP 20.0 nlsec Figure 4-2. Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude As the resolution bandwidth is decreased, resolution of the individual signals is improved and the sweep time is increased.
I- -I Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals Using the Resolution Bandwidth Function When dealing with resolution of signals that are not equal in amplitude, you must consider the shape of the IF filter as well as its 3 dB bandwidth. The shape of the filter is defined by the shape factor, which is the ratio of the 60 dB bandwidth to the 3 dB bandwidth. (Generally, the IF lilters in this spectrum analyzer have shape factors of 15: 1 or less.
I- -I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Resolving Small Signals Hidden by large Signals Using the Resolution Bandwidth Function 4. Set the 300 MHz signal to the reference level by pressing (jj], then MARKER 4REF LVL . (PEAK SEARCH_), If a 10 kHz filter with a typical shape factor of 15: 1 is used, the filter will have a bandwidth of 150 kHz at the 60 dB point. The half-bandwidth (75 kHz) is narrower than the frequency separation, so the input signals will be resolved. 300.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Resolving Small Signals Hidden by large Signals Using the Resolution Bandwidth Function If a 30 kHz filter is used, the 60 dB bandwidth will be 450 kHz. Since the half-bandwidth (225 kHz) is wider than the frequency separation, the signals most likely will not be resolved. See Figure 4-5.
-I Increasing the Frequency Readout Resolution Using the Marker Counter The marker counter increases the resolution and accuracy of frequency readout. When using the marker count function, if the bandwidth to span ratio is too small (less than O.Ol), the Reduce Span message appears on the display. If Widen RES BW is displayed, it indicates that the resolution bandwidth is too narrow. If the signal being counted is the largest signal within the 300 Hz bandwidth then the count will be correct.
I- -I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Increasing the Frequency Readout Resolution Using the Marker Counter EF 48.8 dml” AT IO 27.58 dB dmn” TABLE ‘EAK ML NE .OG 80 lE/ -4 AUTO M> ,A SB ;c FC COW :ENTER 300.0 MHZ RES EW 1 0 MHZ “SW 300 k:HZ SPAN 100.0 MHZ SWP 75.0 msec Figure 4-6.
I- Decreasing the Frequency Span Using the Marker Track Function Using the spectrum analyzer’s marker track function, you can quickly decrease the span while keeping the signal at center frequency. Example: Examine a carrier signal in a 200 kHz span 1. Press CPRESET_], tune to a carrier signal, and place a marker at the peak. (If you are using the CAL OUT signal, place the marker on the 300 MHz calibration signal. Press (FREQUENCY], 300 (MHz), m, 200 IFvlHz), and CPEAK S E A R C H ) . ) 2.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Decreasing the Frequency Span Using the Marker Track Function SPAN ZOOM Figure 4-7.
-I I- Tracking Unstable Signals Using Marker Track and the Maximum Hold and Minimum Hold Functions The marker track function is useful for tracking unstable signals that drift with time. The maximum hold and minimum hold functions are useful for displaying modulated signals which appear unstable, but have an envelope that contains the information-bearing portion of the signal. MK TRACK OM OFF may be used to track these unstable signals.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Tracking Unstable Signals Using Marker Track and the Maximum Hold and Minimum Hold Functions Example: Use the marker track function to keep a drifting signal at the center of the display and monitor its change. This example requires a modulated signal. An acceptable signal can be easily found by connecting an antenna to the spectrum analyzer input and tuning to the FM broadcast band (88 to 108 MHz).
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Tracking Unstable Signals Using Marker Track and the Maximum Hold and Minimum Hold Functions 5. The signal frequency drift can be read from the screen if both the marker track and marker delta functions are active. Press (MKR), MARKER A , I’jMKRFCTN), MK TRACK ON OFF ; the marker readout indicates the change in frequency and amplitude as the signal drifts. (See Figure 4-8.) MK .
I- -I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Tracking Unstable Signals Using Marker Track and the Maximum Hold and Minimum Hold Functions Example: Using the maximumhold and minimum hold functions, monitor the envelopes of a signal. 1. Connect an antenna to the spectrum analyzer input. 2. Press (PRESET), ( F R E Q U E N C Y ], 100 m, and (SPAN), 20 m). 3. Press CAMPLITUDE), 9 I-), ATTEN AUTO MAN , 0 [+demv], [SPAN), SPAN ZOOM, 500 @. Refer to Figure 4-9.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Tracking Unstable Signals Using Marker Track and the Maximum Hold and Minimum Hold Functions 6. Press (TRACE_), TRACE A 3 C to select trace B. (Trace B is selected when B is underlined.) Press CLEAR WRITE B to place trace B in clear-write mode, which displays the current measurement results as it sweeps. Trace A remains in maximum-hold mode, showing the frequency shift of the signal. 7. Press TRACE A 3 C to select trace C (C should be underlined).
-I I- Comparing Signals Using Delta Markers Using the spectrum analyzer, you can easily compare frequency and amplitude differences between signals, such as radio or television signal spectra. The spectrum analyzer’s delta marker function lets you compare two signals when both appear on the screen at one time or when only one appears on the screen. Example: Measure the differences between two signals on the same display screen. 1. Connect the spectrum analyzer’s CAL OUT to the INPUT 75 0. Press (FEE-).
I- -I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Comparing Signals Using Delta Markers 3. Press MARKER A to activate a second marker at the position of the first marker. Move the second marker to another signal peak using the NEXT PK RIGHT or NEXT PK LEFT softkeys or the knob. 4. The amplitude and frequency difference between the markers is displayed in the active function block and in the upper-right corner of the screen. See Figure 4- 12.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Comparing Signals Using Delta Markers REF 48.8 dBm” PEAK LOG 10 MARKER * STOP dB/ WA SE SC FC CORR Figure 4-13. Using the Marker to Peak/Peak Function The frequency and amplitude differences between the signals appear in the active function block. In addition, the softkeys accessed by [E) appear on the screen. Example: Measure the frequency and amplitude difference between two signals that do not appear on the screen at one time.
Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Comparing Signals Using Delta Markers NOTE Changing the reference level changes the marker delta amplitude readout. The annotation in the upper-right corner of the screen indicates the amplitude and frequency difference between the two markers. See Figure 4- 14. To turn the markers off, press INIKR), More 1 of 2 , then MARKER ALL OFF /g. 33.36 JUL 29. 1993 MKA REF 48.8 d0rn” AT 10 d8 a 300.
I- -I Measuring Low-Level Signals Using Attenuation, Video Bandwidth, and Video Averaging Spectrum analyzer sensitivity is the ability to measure low-level signals. It is limited by the noise generated inside the spectrum analyzer. The spectrum analyzer input attenuator and bandwidth settings affect the sensitivity by changing the signal-to-noise ratio.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring low-level Signals Using Attenuation, Video Bandwidth, and Video Averaging NOTE The total power of all input signals at the spectrum analyzer input must not exceed the maximum power level for the spectrum analyzer. 1. Connect an antenna to the spectrum analyzer input. Press (PRESET). 2. Reduce the frequency range to view a low-level signal of interest.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring Low-Level Signals Using Attenuation, Video Bandwidth, and Video Averaging 6. Press (AMPLITUDE), ATTEN AUTO MAN . Press the step-up key (m) once to select 20 dB attenuation. Increasing the attenuation moves the noise floor closer to the signal A “#” mark appears next to the AT annotation at the top of the display, indicating the attenuation is no longer coupled to other spectrum analyzer settings. 7.
I- -I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring low-level Signals Using Attenuation, Video Bandwidth, and Video Averaging Example: The resolution bandwidth can be decreased to view low-level signals. 1. As in the previous example, connect an antenna to the spectrum analyzer input. Set the spectrum analyzer to view a low-level signal. 2. Press IBW) then m. The low-level signal appears more clearly because the noise level is reduced. See Figure 4-17. 0. 16.32 JUL 30.
IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring low-level Signals Using Attenuation, Video Bandwidth, and Video Averaging Example: The video-filter control is useful for noise measurements and observation of low-level signals close to the noise floor. The video filter is a post-detection low-pass filter that smooths the displayed trace.
-I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring low-level Signals Using Attenuation, Video Bandwidth, and Video Averaging NOTE The video bandwidth must be set wider than the resolution bandwidth when measuring impulse noise levels. /g 31 33 JUL 30. REF 48.8 dBrn” PEAK 1993 MKR 100.15 MHZ -2 84 dBrn”7 AT IO dB RES BW 1 m MAN LOG 10 m JUT0 Me dB/ VIDEO BW 10 I CHz I I I I VBW/RBW RATIO “ID A”G ON OFF WA St SC FC CORF EM1 BW Menu CENTER 100.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring low-level Signals Using Attenuation, Video Bandwidth, and Video Averaging Example: If a signal level is very close to the noise floor, video averaging is another way to make the signal more visible. NOTE The time required to construct a full trace that is averaged to the desired degree is approximately the same when using either the video-bandwidth or the video-averaging technique.
I- -I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring low-level Signals Using Attenuation, Video Bandwidth, and Video Averaging 3. To set the number of samples, use the number/units keypad. For example, press VID AVG OM OFF (so that ON is underlined), 25 (Hz). Turn video averaging off and on again by pressing VID AVG ON OFF (OFF), VID AVG OM OFF (ON). The number of samples equals the number of sweeps in the averaging routine.
I- Identifying Distortion Products Using the RF Attenuator and Traces Distortion from the Analyzer High-level input signals may cause spectrum analyzer distortion products that could mask the real distortion measured on the input signal. Using trace B and the RF’ attenuator, you can determine which signals, if any, are internally generated distortion products. $5 3EF 38 14 AUG 48 8 dBrn” 26.
I- -I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Made Identifying Distortion Products Using the RF Attenuator and Traces Example: Using a signal from a signal generator, determine whether the harmonic distortion products are generated by the spectrum analyzer. 1. Connect a signal generator to the spectrum analyzer’s INPUT 75 0. Set the signal generator frequency to 200 MHz and the amplitude to 0 dBm.
I- -I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Identifying Distortion Products Using the RF Attenuator and Traces LOG SCALE IIN INT ON AMP OFF WA VB SC FS COW Figure 4-21. RF Attenuation of 10 dB 6. Compare the response in trace A to the response in trace B. If the distortion product decreases as the attenuation increases, distortion products are caused by the spectrum analyzer’s input mixer. The change in the distortion product is shown by the marker-delta value.
IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Identifying Distortion Products Using the RF Attenuator and Traces If the responses in trace A and trace B differ, as in Figure 4-2 1, then attenuation is required. If there is no change in the signal level, the distortion is not caused internally.
-I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Identifying Distortion Products Using the RF Attenuator and Traces Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion Two-tone, third-order inter-modulation distortion is a common problem in communication systems. When two signals are present in a system, they can mix with the second harmonics generated and create third-order inter-modulation distortion products, which are located close to the original signals.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Identifying Distortion Products Using the RF Attenuator and Traces 2. Set one source to 300 MHz and the other source to 301 MHz for a frequency separation of 1 MHz. Set the sources equal in amplitude (in this example, the sources are set to 44 dBmV). 3. Tune both signals onto the screen by setting the center frequency between 300 and 301 MHz. Then, using the knob, center the two signals on the display.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Identifying Distortion Products Using the RF Attenuator and Traces 15. 45. 47 AUG 18, 1993 b 3EF MKR 1 dEm” AT 10 w a -1.013 MH7 -61.71 de ‘EAK MPiRKEF + CF -0G 10 jE/ ARKEF JEL MARKER a -1.013 MHZ ?. _. ~- NEXT PEAK NEXT PK RIGHT qA SE SC FC COW NEXT PK LEFT :ENTER 300.500 MHZ #RES EW 30 kHZ “BW 30 kHZ SPAN 5.000 MHZ SWP 20.0 msec Figure 4-24.
I- -I Using the Analyzer As a Receiver in Zero Frequency Span The spectrum analyzer operates as a fixed-tuned receiver in zero span. The zero span mode can be used to recover modulation on a carrier signal Center frequency in the swept-tuned mode becomes the tuned frequency in zero span. The horizontal axis of the screen becomes calibrated in time, rather than frequency. Markers display amplitude and time values.
-I Making Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Analyzer As a Receiver in Zero Frequency Span Example: View the modulation waveform of an AM signal in the time domain. 1. To obtain an AM signal, you can either connect an antenna to the spectrum analyzer input and tune to a commercial AM broadcast station or you can connect a source to the spectrum analyzer input and set the percent modulation of the source.
-I IMaking Basic Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Analyzer As a Receiver in Zero Frequency Span 3. To demodulate the AM, press (BW). Increase the resolution bandwidth to include both sidebands of the signal within the passband of the spectrum analyzer. 4. Next, position the signal peak near the reference level and select a linear voltage display. Press (AMPLITUDE_) and change the reference level, then press SCALE LOG LIN to underline LIN. 5.
-I I- 5 Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode What You’ll Learn in This Chapter This chapter demonstrates spectrum analyzer measurement techniques with examples of typicaI applications; each application focuses on different features. The measurement procedures covered in this chapter are listed below. Measuring amplitude modulation using the fast Fourier transform function. l l Stimulus-response measurements using the built-in tracking generator (Option 011).
-I Measuring Amplitude Modulation with the Fast Fourier Transform Function A Fourier transform, transforms time domain data (zero span) into the frequency domain. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) function of the spectrum analyzer allows measurements of amplitude modulation (AM). It is commonly used to measure AM at rates that cannot be measured in the normal frequency domain due to spectrum analyzer limitations on narrow resolution bandwidths.
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring Amplitude Modulation with the Fast Fourier Transform Function Figure 5-1. FFT Annotation Some of the screen annotation is altered when the FFT function is active. The left edge of the graticule is relabeled FFT START and represents 0 Hz relative to the carrier. The right edge of the graticule is relabeled FFT STOP and is the maximum FFT frequency used in the transformation.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring Amplitude Modulation with the Fast Fourier Transform Function If the FFT stop frequency is less than the highest harmonic of the AM modulation, than the FFT results may include aliased signals. That is, it will include some signals that are being displayed at the wrong frequency. The sweep time affects the sample rate and must be optimized to avoid aliasing.
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring Amplitude Modulation with the Fast Fourier Transform Function Example 1: Use the manual FFT measurement to look at 60 Hz AM modulation. 1. Connect a signal generator to the spectrum analyzer’s INPUT 75 Q. Adjust the signal generator to produce an AM signal with a 60 Hz modulation frequency. 2. Press (FREQUENCY ] and set the spectrum analyzer center frequency to the frequency of the modulated input signal. Press @Gi), 10 MHz.
IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring Amplitude Modulation with the Fast Fourier Transform Function 9. Press C-1, FFT Menu , and CONTINUS FFT The spectrum analyzer will now be taking FF’l3 continuously, updating the measurement at the end of every sweep. Press FFT STOP FREQ , 250 Hz. This sets the spectrum analyzer to include the fourth harmonic of the 60 Hz modulation signal on the screen. 10.
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring Amplitude Modulation with the Fast Fourier Transform Function c. Press IBW], VID BW AUTO MAN (MAN) and use the step keys to decrease the video bandwidth until the amplitude of the measured signal drops. Then step the bandwidth up until the signal amplitude stops increasing, or until the maximum video bandwidth is reached. Use the narrowest video bandwidth that does not cause a change in the signal amplitude.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring Amplitude Modulation with the Fast Fourier Transform Function ‘& REF 424.2 m” AT 20 dB MARKER NORM*L SMPL % LIN AM 4c.37 ?6 MARKER b i7 c I - MARKER AMPTD SELECT 12 sn VB SC FC CORR 4 MARKER 1 r’h’ y qFF YJ” 1 FFT 3 START 0 #RFS RW HZ 30 FFT kHZ “BW 30 ktlZ STOP “SWP More Of 2 250 HZ 800 m5ec Figure 5-2.
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring Amplitude Modulation with the Fast Fourier Transform Function 4. Use the knob to place the marker on the AM modulated signal and press MARKER--+ AUTO FFT again. The spectrum analyzer will perform the following steps: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Save the present instrument state in state register 8. Reduce the span to zoom in on the signal. Set the detector mode to sample. Set the scale to linear. Change the span to zero span.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Measuring Amplitude Modulation with the Fast Fourier Transform Function For the best amplitude accuracy, the resolution bandwidth should be about 10 times greater than the highest modulation frequency of interest. For the 60 Hz fundamental, a 1 kHz resolution bandwidth works well. (If harmonics are not a concern, a 100 kHz resolution bandwidth can be used and it will provide a faster update rate.) c.
I- -I Stimulus-Response Measurements NOTE This application should only be performed using an HP 8591C cable TV analyzer equipped with Option 011. What Are Stimulus-Response Measurements? Stimulus-response measurements require a source to stimulate a device under test (DUT), a receiver to analyze the frequency-response characteristics of the DUT, and, for return-loss measurements, a directional coupler. Characterization of a DUT can be made in terms of its transmission or reflection parameters.
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Stimulus-Response Measurements I SPECTRUM ANALYZER TRACKING GENERATOR Figure 5-3.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Stimulus-Response Measurements Using a Spectrum Analyzer With a Tracking Generator The procedure below describes how to use the built-in tracking generator system of the HP 8591C cable TV analyzer equipped with Option 011 to measure the rejection of a low-pass filter which is a type of transmission measurement.
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Stimulus-Response Measurements Stepping through the Measurement There are four basic steps in performing a stimulus-response measurement, whether it be a transmission or reflection measurement: set up the spectrum analyzer settings, calibrate, normalize, and measure. 1. If necessary, perform the self-calibration routine for the tracking generator described in “Performing the Tracking Generator Self-Calibration Routine” in Chapter 2. 2.
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Stimulus-Response Measurements NOTE To reduce ripples caused by source return loss, use IO dH or greater tracking generator output attenuation. Tracking generator output attenuation is normally a function of the source power selected.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Stimulus-Response Measurements 4. Put the sweep time of the analyzer into stimulus-response auto-coupled mode by pressing More I of 2 , then SWP CPLG SR SA until SR (stimulus-response mode) is underlined. Auto-coupled sweep times are usually much faster for swept-response measurements than they are for spectrum analyzer measurements.
IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Stimulus-Response Measurements 5. Since we are only interested in the rejection of the low-pass Iilter, tune the spectrum analyzer’s center frequency so that the roll-off of the filter comprises the majority of the trace on the display (see Figure 5-6). 6. Decrease the resolution bandwidth to increase sensitivity, and narrow the video bandwidth to smooth the noise. In Figure 5-7, the resolution bandwidth has been decreased to 10 kHz. REF 48.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Stimulus-Response Measurements Adjusting the resolution bandwidth may result in a decrease in amplitude of the signal. This is known as a tracking error. Tracking errors occur when the tracking generator’s output frequency is not exactly matched to the input frequency of the spectrum analyzer. Tracking errors are most notable when using narrow resolution bandwidths. Tracking error can be compensated manually or automatically.
IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Stimulus-Response Measurements NOTE If the automatic tracking routine is activated in a narrow resolution bandwidth, it usually is not necessary to use the tracking adjust again when increasing the resolution bandwidth. 7. To make a transmission measurement accurately, the frequency response of the test system must be known.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Stimulus-Response Measurements REF 4e1.8 dBmV AT 10 dB “ID AVG ON Ofi PEAK LOG 10 1 DETECTOR dB/ ” SP NG OL 38 dB NORML IZE o&l OFF 7 NORMLIZE POSITION WA-SE3 SC FC A <--> CORf #RES BW 10 kHz VBW 10 kHz B SPAN 500.0 MHZ SWP 15.0 set Figure 5-9. Normalized Trace 9. To measure the rejection of the filter at a given frequency, press (MKR), and enter the frequency. For example, enter 350 MHz.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Stimulus-Response Measurements Tracking Generator Unleveled Condition When using the tracking generator, the message TG UNLVL may appear. The TG UNLVL message indicates that the tracking generator source power (SRC PWR ON OFF ) could not be maintained at the user-selected level during some portion of the sweep. If the unleveled condition exists at the beginning of the sweep, the message will be displayed immediately.
-I I- Demodulating and Listening to an AM or FM Signal The functions listed in the menu under Demod allow you to demodulate and hear signal information displayed on the spectrum analyzer. Simply place a marker on a signal of interest, activate AM or FM demodulation, and then listen. Example: 1. Connect an antenna to the spectrum analyzer input 2. Select a frequency range on the spectrum analyzer, such as the range for FM radio broadcasts. For example.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Demodulating and listening to an AM or FM Signal ‘4u REF MKR 48.8 dBmV PEAK 1 I AT I 10 I dB I I I I n START 88.00 MHz RES BW 100 kHZ VBW 30 kHZ 104 95 MHz 14.31 dBmV I I 1 p STOP 108.00 MHz SWP 75.0 mse Figure 5-11. Demodulation of an FM Signal Example: The signal can be continuously demodulated if the spectrum analyzer is in zero span. 1. Place the marker on a signal of interest as in steps 1 through 3 of the previous example.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Demodulating and listening to an AM or FM Signal 5. Change the resolution bandwidth to 100 kHz by pressing m and entering 100 m. 6. Set the signal in the top two divisions of the screen by changing the reference level. Press (-1, and then the step-down key (c93> until the signal is in the top two divisions. 7. Press (AUX], Demod, DEMOD ON OFF (ON), then DEMOD AM FM (FM). SPEAKER ON OFF is set to ON by the preset function.
-I I- Triggering on a Selected Line of a Video Picture Field You can trigger on a TV picture carrier signal. This example enables you to view a test signal transmitted during vertical retrace when the TV screen is blanked. 1. Press [PRESET]. 2. Set the frequency of a picture carrier signal to center frequency. 3.
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Triggering on a Selected line of a Video Picture Field 4. Press TV TRIG EVEN FLD to trigger on an even field of a video format. MKR 492 rn” #RES BW ATTEN 18 d0 MHz VW 85 000 met 289 02 p” 300 kHr SPAN 0 Hz YSWP 100 Figure 5-14. Triggering on an Even Field of a Video Format The default video format is NTSC. Press TV Standard, then PAL-M, PAL , or SECAM-L to select a different video format.
I- Using the Gate Utility to Simplify Time-Gated Measurements (Option 107 only) Note that Option 107 is required to perform this application The time gate allows the user to control when a spectrum analyzer measurement begins and the length of time during which the measurement is made. The time gate is an RF signal switch that permits signal into the spectrum analyzer only while the switch, or gate, is closed.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Gate Utility to Simplify Time-Gated Measurements (Option 107 only) Gate utility features include: l l l l Displays time and frequency domains simultaneously. Measures continuously. Interactively controls and displays the gate’s position in time. Optimizes spectrum analyzer settings for pulsed RF signals automatically. The gate utility provides tools to make pulsed RF measurements easy.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Gate Utility to Simplify Time-Gated Measurements (Option 107 only) Example: Measure a Pulsed RF signal 1. The rear panel GATE OUTPUT must be connected to EXT TRIG INPUT. 2. A TTL trigger signal must be connected to GATE TRIGGER INPUT on the rear panel. If no trigger is present an error message is displayed and the gate utility will not be activated. 3. Press [PRESET_). Connect a pulsed RF signal to the spectrum analyzer’s INPUT 75 fi. 4.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Gate Utility to Simplify Time-Gated Measurements (Option 107 only) 8. The trigger marker reads out the time from the rear panel gate trigger point to the current marker position. Turn the trigger marker on by pressing TRIG MKR ON OFF (ON) and use the knob to move the trigger marker to the edge of the pulse. The marker readout indicates the position of the edge relative to the rear panel trigger.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Gate Utility to Simplify Time-Gated Measurements (Option 107 only) The gate utility can optimize the setting of resolution bandwidth if the user enters the value of the pulse width and turns on the coupling. The video bandwidth will be optimized if the gate length is entered and coupled. The sweep time is optimized when the pulse repetition interval is entered and coupled. Press Define Coupling .
-I I- Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) Note that Option 107 is required to perform this application. The measurement procedures in this section explain how to use the time gate capability without the convenience of the Gate Utility. The Gate Utility provides the user with simultaneous displays of the frequency and time domain to assist in setting up and manipulating the time gate.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only] Introducing the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability As the spectrum analyzer takes a measurement sweep, it displays a specific frequency as it sweeps across the frequency range of the spectrum analyzer.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) I I I /I I v I Figure 5.16. Viewing Time-Sharing of a Frequency with an Oscilloscope & Description of Items in Figure 5.
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) GTPOS LOG I, \, II I I n I I /I “A “a WC FC CORR Figure 5-17. Viewing Time-Sharing of a Frequency with a Spectrum Analyzer c Description of Items in Figure 5-17 5-36 1 Trace display without the time-gate function on. 2 Trace display of the first signal, with the time gate on. 3 Trace display of the second signal, with the time gate on.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability to View Pulsed RF This example demonstrates how to use time-gated spectrum analyzer capability to view two different pulsed RF signals. The signals are at the same frequency, but they interleave in time. (This example uses the time gate function without using the gate utility.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) Figure 5-18. Pulse Repetition Interval and Pulse Width (with Two Signals Present) Description of Items in Figure 5-18 Item 1 Pulse repetition interval IPRI] of signal 1. PRI is measured in time units. PRI is equivalent to l/PRF, where PRF is the pulse repetition frequency. Pulse repetition interval IPRIl of signal 2. Pulse width (~1 of signal 1.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Made Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) Use the guidelines in 7Able 5-l when using time-gated spectrum analyzer capability to view a pulsed RF signal. These are only guidelines, and the spectrum analyzer settings can be changed if necessary. Table 5-1.
IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) Example of a Time-Gated Pulsed RF Signal The measurement procedures in this section explain how to use the time gate capability without the convenience of the Gate Utility functions. The Gate Utility provides the user with simultaneous displays of the frequency and time domain to assist in setting up and manipulating the time gate.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) Table 5.2. Pulse Generator Test Setup Settings Voltage [peak to peak1 Pulse Generator #l Pulse Generator #Z 280 ps 2 8 0 ps 5 0 ps 50 ps Positive edge of square wave Not applicable 5V 5V 85 us None Table 5-3.
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) 1. Set the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer to the frequency of the modulated signal. Decrease the frequency span of the spectrum analyzer. If necessary, adjust the reference level of the spectrum analyzer so that the peak signal is displayed near the top graticule. FULL SPRN ZERO SPtiN LAST SPAN BRNO LOCK CENTER 50.
-I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) 2. Set the sweep time to be 401 times greater than the pulse repetition interval. For this example, the pulse repetition interval is 280 ps, so the sweep time is set to greater than 401 times 280 ps, or 0.112 s. For this example, we are using a sweep time of 120 milliseconds. Press @EETJ 120 @. SWEEP CONT SGL ON GATE OFF GATE MENU CENTER 50.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) 3. Turn the gate on by pressing cm], GATE ON OFF (so that ON is underlined). Using an oscilloscope makes it easier to ensure that the gate occurs during the pulsed RF signal. With GATE OUTPUT connected to the oscilloscope, you can adjust the gate length and gate delay so that the gate occurs near the end of the pulse. See Figure 5-22. Figure 5-22.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) I Item I Descriution of Items in Fiaure 5.22 1 Output from pulse generator 1. 2 Output from pulse generator 2. 3 Pulsed RF signal input to the spectrum analyzer. 4 Gate output from time-gated capability, Notice that the gate output is directly below signal 1.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) 7. Set the video bandwidth to a value that is greater than 1 divided by the gate length. For this example, the video bandwidth must be greater than l/13 ps, or 80 kHz. Press m, YID BW AUTO MAN , 100 (iZJ See Figure 5-23. The spectrum analyzer displays only signal 1, not both signal 1 and signal 2. / GTpos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) 4.00 V/dIV offset:2.062 v dc ,.000:1 Figure 5.24. Placing the Gate Output During the Second Signal Item Description of Items in Figure 5-24 1 Output from pulse generator 1. 2 Output from pulse generator 2. 3 Pulsed RF signal input to the spectrum analyzer. 4 Gate output from time-gated capability.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) 11. Since the gate length was not changed, the video bandwidth is still 100 kHz. Figure 5-25 shows the first pulsed RF signal (contained in trace A), and the second pulsed RF signal (contained in trace B). hrsnc ,. . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) Setting the Gate Delay and Gate Length Properly, When NOT Using the Gate Utility If the gate delay and gate length are not set properly, you may not be viewing an accurate representation of a signal. For example, If the gate does not occur during the RF pulsed signal, the amplitude of the signal displayed on the spectrum analyzer is lower than the actual signal.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) 0011 8TPOS LOG 18 dB/ . ............................................................................. ...........I......... : : : :. : :*: : PRINTER : : PAINTJET PRINTER : SWEEPTIME 150 msec PRINTER RODRESS ‘E “E PRINTER SETUP PREU MENU CENTER SG.GB WRES BW MHz lB0 kHz #UBW 188 kHz SPAN 20.00 MHz XSWP 150 MICE RT Figure 5-27.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) To use ‘lkble 5-4 and Table 5-5: l Determine the pulse width of the signal you want to measure, then use able 5-4 to determine the gate delay, resolution bandwidth, gate length, and video bandwidth spectrum analyzer settings. l Determine the pulse repetition rate of the signal, then use ‘Ihble 5-5 to determine the spectrum analyzer’s sweep-time setting.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) Table 5-5. Sweep Time Settings Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) c I Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) Sweep Time (minimum) 550 ps 120 kHz 2 1 ms 100 ps 1 0 kHz 41 ms 500 ps 2 kHz 201 m s 1 ms 1 kHz 401 ms 5 ms 200 Hz 2.01 s 4.01 s 1 0 ms 100 Hz 16.7 ms 60 Hz 6.7 s 33.3 m s 30 Hz 13.4 s 50 ms 20 Hz 20.1 s 100 ms 1 0 Hz 40.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) Using the Self-Calibration Routines with Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability (Option 107) The spectrum analyzer’s self-calibration routines (initiated by pressing CAL AMPTD or CAL FREQ % AMPTD ) should be performed prior to using the time-gated spectrum analyzer capability functions.
IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) 5. Press [CAL), More I of 4 , More 2 of 4, Service Diag , DISPLAY CAL DATA , then PJEXT PAGE. 6. Verify that the number displayed for GATE, in the lower left corner, is between 0.98 and 1.0. See Figure 5-28.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) Performing a Functional Check of the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability (Option 107) To check that the time-gated spectrum analyzer capability is operational, perform the following steps: 1. Connect the rear panel HIGH SWEEP IN/OUT connector to the GATE TRIGGER INPUT connector with a short BNC calibration cable. (See Figure 5-29.) Figure 5-29.
IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) 3. Press Prevfous Figure 5-30. Menu, GATE ON OFF (so that ON is underlined). See NOTE This procedure offers a qualitative functional check only Due to several factors, the accuracy of the marker readout of the gate delay and gate length can vary by several milliseconds.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Time-Gated Spectrum Analyzer Capability Without the Gate Utility (Option 107 only) 4. To check the gate control function, press Cm], Gate Control , GATE CTL EDGE LVL so that LVL (level) is underlined. (See Figure 5-31.) dB/ I RES I I BW 3 0 MHZ I I “BW I 1 MHZ I ! #SWP ! IEDGE POL SPAN 0 HZ 200 msec Figure 5-31.
-I I- Using the One Button Measurements to Measure N dB Bandwidth, Percent Amplitude Modulation, and Third Order Intercept (TOI). The spectrum analyzer includes one-button measurement functions. With one key press they make accurate measurements of: l N dB Bandwidth l Percent Amplitude Modulation l Third Order Inter-modulation The signal or signals being measured must be displayed before activating the measurement. Measurements are made continuously, updating at the end of each sweep.
-I I- N dB Bandwidth Measurement It is often necessary to measure a signal response’s bandwidth, such as when testing a band-pass lilter. The signal to be measured must be centered on the display with a span that includes the full response. Activate the measurement by turning the N dE! PTS ON OFF key (ON). The spectrum analyzer places arrow markers at the -3 dB points on either side of the response and reads the bandwidth.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode N dB Bandwidth Measurement Example: Measure the 6 dB bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer’s internal 9 kHz EM1 bandwidth. 1. On the spectrum analyzer, press (PRESET], (PEAK SEARCHJ MK TRACK ON OFF (ON), ISPAN), and enter 200 kHz. (MKR], 2. Select the 9 kHz EM1 bandwidth by pressing Isw], EM1 BW Menu , and 9 kHz EM1 BW 3. Press C-1 and N dB PTS ON OFF (ON) to activate the N dB bandwidth function. 4.
I- -I Percent Amplitude Modulation Measurement Percent amplitude modulation can be measured quickly and easily using the one-button % AM function. The signal and both its sidebands must be on the display. The sidebands are assumed to be entirely from amplitude modulation. The spectrum analyzer places arrow markers on the three signals to be used to compute percent amplitude modulation, and displays the value.
IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Percent Amplitude Modulation Measurement Example: Use the % AM function to make a measurement. 1. Press I-1. Connect a signal with amplitude modulation, to the spectrum analyzer’s INPUT 75 62. 2. Press [FREQUENCY ) and enter the frequency of your input signal to place the signal at the spectrum analyzer center frequency. 3. Press ISPAN). Change the span until only the signal and its two sidebands appear on the display. 4.
-I Third Order Intermodulation Measurement (TOI) Use the TO1 one-button measurement to make quick and easy inter-modulation measurements of microwave spectrum analyzers, mixers or converters. When the TO1 measurement is turned on there must be four signals on the display, two test signals and their two associated distortion products. All of the signals must have peaks greater than the peak excursion value. (The default value for the peak excursion is 6 dB.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Third Order Intermodulation Measurement (TOI) RF iF 48.8 dBmV #AT 40 dB I PEAK LOG 10 TO1 72. 1 dB V N dB/ dB PTS ON OFF % ON AM OFF TO1 ON OFF WA SC SE FS Power Menu COAR FFT I CENTER 300.500 MHZ XRES EW 3.0 kHz VBW 3 kHZ SPAN 5.000 MHZ SWP 1.67 set Figure 5-34. Third-Order Intermodulation Measurement Example: Use the TO1 function to make a measurement. 1. Press [PRESET).
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Third Order Intermodulation Measurement (TOI) It is important to verify that the TO1 being measured is coming from the device under test and not from the spectrum analyzer. An easy way to do this is as follows: 1. Set up the TO1 measurement and turn it on. 2. Press lJKEEF], ATTEN AUTO MAN (AUTO) and increase the attenuation + 10 dB by pressing ($J 3.
I- -I Using the Power Measurement Functions to make Transmitter Measurements The power menu provides several powerful transmitter measurement functions that are easy to use. The measurements include: l Occupied Bandwidth l Adjacent Channel Power Ratio l Channel Power These transmitter power measurements can be used to measure analog and continuous carrier digital radios. The transmitted signal can be tones, noise, or a combination of tones and noise, without affecting the measurement accuracy.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Power Measurement Functions to make Transmitter Measurements Occupied Bandwidth and Transmitter Frequency Error You often need to confirm a channel’s 99% occupied bandwidth. The OCCUPIED BANDWDTH function does this easily. The user enters the channel spacing and activates the occupied bandwidth function.
Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Power Measurement Functions to make Transmitter Measurements Figure 5-35. Occupied Bandwidth 6. If you want to change the percent power value press the OCC BW ‘% POWER key and use the knob or the data entry keys to change the calculated percent power. Press Previous Menu Press MEXS OFF to turn the measurement off and exit the power menu, or press another measurement key to stop the current measurement and start a new measurement.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Power Measurement Functions to make Transmitter Measurements Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACP) The leakage of a transmitter into adjacent channels can be measured quickly and easily. Enter the channel spacing and channel bandwidth, and activate the adjacent channel power measurement. The spectrum analyzer computes and displays the ACP ratio of both the lower and upper adjacent channels, marking the higher of the two.
IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Power Measurement Functions to make Transmitter Measurements 4. Press (MEAS~SER) and Power Menu to access the power measurement functions. 5. Press Setup and CHANNEL BANDWDTH Enter the value for the channel bandwidth. 6. Press CHANNEL SPACING Enter the value for the channel spacing. (The spectrum analyzer will use the last entered values for channel bandwidth and spacing, if they are not entered.) 7.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Power Measurement Functions to make Transmitter Measurements XRES SPAN 79.47 KHZ SW 300 msec BW Figure 5-37. Adjacent Channel Power Extended 10. A graph of the adjacent channel power ratio as a function of channel spacing can be calculated and displayed by pressing ACPGRAPH ON OFF so (ON) is underlined. The numerical ACP results are not displayed.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Power Measurement Functions to make Transmitter Measurements 11. To enable the graph marker, press GHPH MKR ON OFF so (ON) is underlined. Delta frequency, delta amplitude, and absolute amplitude values are displayed for the marker position. The marker position can be changed with the RPG knob, step keys, or data keys. 13. Press Previous Menu.
-I IMaking Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Made Using the Power Measurement Functions to make Transmitter Measurements Channel Power Measurement The channel power function measures the total power in the selected channel bandwidth. The signal can be noise, tones, or a combination of noise and tones. The channel power function measures the power using an rms method. Enter the channel bandwidth and activate the channel power measurement.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Power Measurement Functions to make Transmitter Measurements 6. Press Previous Menu to return to the main power menu. 7. Press CHANNEL POWEA to activate the function. #“SW SPAN 50 00 kHZ 5WP 300 mz3ec Figure 5-39. Channel Power 8. A graph of the channel power as a function of frequency can be calculated and displayed by pressing PWRGRAPH ON OFF so (ON) is underlined. The numerical channel power results are not displayed.
I- -I Making Measurements Using Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using the Power Measurement Functions to make Transmitter Measurements Figure 5-40. Channel Power Graph 9. To enable the graph marker, press GRPH MKR ON OFF so (ON) is underlined Absolute frequency and amplitude are displayed. lo. Press Previous Menu . Press MEAS OFF to turn the measurement off and exit the power menu, or press another measurement key to stop the current measurement and start a new measurement.
-I 6 Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions This chapter describes functions and controls of the cable TV analyzer in spectrum analyzer mode. The front-panel keys and softkey functions are listed alphabetically followed by a complete and detailed description. Brief descriptions for service functions have also been included in this chapter. However, for more detailed descriptions and information about the use of each function, refer to the service guide for your instrument.
-I Service Functions Two types of functions are available for service use only: l Service calibration functions. l Service diagnostic functions. These service functions are designed for service use only. However, brief descriptions for each function are provided in this chapter. For more detailed descriptions and information about the use of each function, refer to the service guide. Service documentation can be obtained by ordering Option 915 through your HP Sales and Service office.
I- Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Service Functions Service Diagnostic Functions Service Diag accesses the following diagnostic softkeys: (p LOCK ON OFF +lOV REF DETECTOR -iOV REF DETECTOR 2v REF DETECTOR ALC TEST ANALYZER GAINS AUXB BINARY SPAN COARSE TUNE DAC DACS DISPLAY CAL DATA DROOP FINE TUNE DAC FM COIL DRIVE FM GAIN 6-4 (Option 011 only)
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Service Functions Service Diagnostic Functions kontinuedl FM OFFST FM SPAN FREQ DIAG FRQ DISC NORM OFF GND REF DETECTOR MAIN COIL DDR MAIN SPAN STP GAIN ZERO SWEEP RAMP SWEEP TIME DAC X FINE TUNE DAC 6-5
-I I- Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions % AI4 ON OFF determines the percent of amplitude modulation of the largest displayed signal and its two sidebands. The sidebands are assumed to be entirely from amplitude modulation. If there are differences in the sideband amplitude, the larger value is used. The measurement runs continuously, re-executing at the end of each sweep. All three signals must be displayed.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions 2v REF DETECTOR displays the output of the 2 V reference produced on the Al6 Processor/Video assembly as a horizontal line at the top graticule. This is a service diagnostic function and is for service use only. Front-Panel Key Access [CAL) 9 kHz EM1 BW allows a 6 dB resolution bandwidth of 9 kHz. This bandwidth is useful when performing electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurements.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions A-B + A ON OFF when ON is underlined, subtracts the data in trace B from the measured data in trace A. A minus sign (-) appears between the trace A status and the trace B status in the screen annotation while the function is active. To deactivate this function, press A - B --+ A ON OFF so that OFF is underlined. The A-B + A and B-DL ---f B functions are math functions.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions ABCDEF accesses the softkey menu for selecting screen title characters A through F. Front-Panel Key Access LCAL], (CONFIG], (WI, (RECALL_), or ISAVE) ACPGRAPH ON OFF turns the adjacent channel power graph ON or OFF. With ACPGRAPH ON, the ACP ratio graph is calculated and displayed and the numeric results are not displayed. The value of the ACP ratio is displayed at the selected marker frequency offset from the center frequency.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions The center frequency must be set to the intended carrier frequency and the reference level set to optimize the displayed signal. The channel bandwidth and channel spacing must be entered by the user. If PARAM AUTO is selected (so AUTO is underlined), other analyzer settings will then be coupled and set automatically. The adjacent channel power measurement responds to signals like an rms power measurement.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions The total power of the channel is displayed. The adjacent channel power ratios of both channels are also displayed and the larger number is marked with a A. (Vertical lines on the display indicate the six edges of the upper, lower, and reference channels being measured.) The measurement stops and the analyzer is returned to its prior state when other measurement functions are activated.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions ALC PITR INT XTAL Option 011 only. the automatic leveling control (ALC) function for internal (INT) leveling or external (XTAL or MTR) leveling. The external leveling input (located on the rear panel of the analyzer) can be used with a power meter or crystal that has a positive or negative voltage output. See specifications and characteristics in your calibration guide for the leveling input characteristics.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions AMP COR when accessed by IsAvE_), AMP COR stores the current amplitude-correction factors table in analyzer memory or on the memory card. When accessed by (jj), AMP COR recalls the amplitude-correction factors table from either analyzer memory or the memory card. Amplitude-correction factors are saved with an “a” before the memory-card file name. Screen titles are not recalled with the data.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions ANALOG+ ON OFF turns on the analog+ display mode. This is a digital implementation of an analog display, combining the advantages of both types of displays. The display is made up of 401 horizontal points or trace elements. In the analog+ display mode each trace element can display from 1 to 40 dots, or measurements. Pressing ANALOG+ ON OFF makes dot density the active function.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Table 6-1.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions ANALYZER ADDRESS Option 021 only. allows you to set the HP-IB address of the analyzer. The analyzer address is set to 18 by pressing DEFAULT CONFIG . Front-Panel Key Access [??jXQ ANALYZER GAINS displays the current value of the gain for various functional blocks within the analyzer. The gain values will vary depending on the current analyzer settings. This is a service diagnostic function and is for service use only.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions ATTEN AUTO MAN input attenuation in 10 dB increments. The analyzer input attenuator, which is normally coupled (linked) to the reference level control, reduces the power level of the analyzer input signal at the input mixer. The attenuator is recoupled when AUTO is underlined.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions ( A U T O C O U P L E ) accesses the softkey menu of functions that can be coupled. (Coupled functions are functions that are linked: if one function is changed, the other function is changed.) The functions that can be auto-coupled are listed below: Resolution bandwidth couples to span. Video bandwidth couples to resolution bandwidth when the analyzer has a video-bandwidth to resolution-bandwidth ratio of 0.3.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Aux Corm Corl~rol the softkey menu used to control the auxiliary outputs and input. The auxiliary outputs are controlled by pressing CNTL A 0 1 , CNTL B 0 1 , CNTL C 0 1 , and CNTL D 0 1 . The status of the auxiliary input (control line I), can be displayed on the analyzer screen with bISPLAY CNTL I Front-Panel Key Access [AUXCTRL) accesses the softkey menu used for control of the auxiliary interface connector.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions BAUD RATE sets the data transmission speed. (Also see the description for the (COPY] key.) The baud rate is set to 1200 by pressing DEFAULT CONFIG . Front-Panel Key Access (j) BINARY SPAN displays the output of the span DAC that is located on the A7 Analog Interface assembly. This is a service diagnostic function and is for service use only.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions activates the resolution bandwidth function and accesses the softkeys that control the bandwidth functions: BES BW AUTO MAN , VID BW AUTO MAN , VBW/BBW RATIO , VID AVC ON OFF , and the EM1 BW Menu (Also see the HES BW AUTO MAN softkey description.) (CAL) accesses the softkey menus used for the self-calibration, service-diagnostics, and service-calibration functions.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CAL F=Q initiates a frequency self-calibration routine. Connect CAL OUT to the analyzer input before pressing CAL FREQ Remove the cable from the rear panel GATE INPUT before starting the self-calibration routine. Front-Panel Key Access ICALl CAL FREQ & AMPTD initiates both the frequency and amplitude self-calibration routines.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Card Conf ig accesses the softkey menu that allows you to catalog, format, and delete data from a memory card. Front-Panel Key Access CM) CARD --) DISPLAY recalls into analyzer memory a display image saved on the memory card. It does not recall the associated instrument state, but the restored display can be viewed and copied.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CARD + DLP recalls into the analyzer memory a downloadable program (DLP) saved on the memory card. Before recalling data that was saved under a prefix other than the current prefix, change the current prefix to the prefix used when the data was saved. Pressing LOAD FILE is an alternate way to load program data from the memory card into analyzer memory.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions recalls into analyzer memory a trace saved on the memory card. Limit lines and amplitude correction factors are recalled by pressing Card + Trace, LIMIT LINES or AMP COR If the screen title does not exceed 34 characters, the time and date when the trace data was stored is also displayed with the recalled trace data. The screen title and date are not recalled with limit-line hles or amplitude correction factor files.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CATALOG AMP COR catalogs the amplitude correction factor tiles that are on the memory card. Use the CATALOG REGISTER softkey to catalog amplitude factors saved in analyzer memory (amplitude correction factors saved in analyzer memory are stored in trace registers). Amplitude correction factors are saved with an “a” before the memory card lile name.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Figure 6-1. Memory Card Catalog Information Table 6-2. Memory Card Catalog Information Item Title Description 1 Volume Label A label to identify the memory card. FOBIAT CARD automatically assigns the volume label “HP859X to the card. 2 Number of kilobytes Displays the size of the memory card. 128 is the number of 2%byte blocks or records. 129 indicates that the card is a 32.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CATALOG CARD displays a catalog of the items stored on the memory card, while accessing the memory card configuration menu. Front-Panel Key Access (CONFIG) CATALOG DISPLAY catalogs all of the display images that are on the memory card. A display image can be recalled to the analyzer by using the CARD+DISPLAY softkey.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions 16:29:17 it & REF .G dBm MAR 1992 ATTEN 1B dB SELECT PREFIX SA SB SC FC CORR Exit Catalog 1 PPevh;: CENTER 1.450 GHz RES BW 3.8 NH.? UBW 1 WHz SPAN 2.900 GHz SWP 53.8 MS~C RL Figure 6-2. Analyzer Memory Catalog Information Table 6-3. Analyzer Memory Catalog Information* I Description of Items in Figure 6.2 Callout Number Name of the catalog source. Bytes of analyzer memory used.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Unlike saving to the memory card, data is saved as an item in analyzer memory. Use the step keys to view different sections of the directory, and the knob to select a file. The selected file is highlighted in inverse video. Each of the catalog softkey functions access the menu that has the DELETE FILE function. Use DELETE FILE to delete the item from analyzer memory. (DELETE FILE will not delete a CATALOG ON EVENT item.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CATALOG ON EVENT displays the “on event” programming commands and their status. The on event programming commands are as follows: ONEOS ONSWP TRMATH ONCYCLE ONDELAY ONMKR ONSRQ ONTIME ONPWRUP Performs command list at end of every sweep. Performs command list at beginning of every sweep. Performs trace math. Performs command list periodically. Performs command list once after a time period. Performs command list at the marker.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions When the on event programming commands have not been set, or when an instrument preset has been performed, pressing CATALOG ON EVENT displays the status of the on event programming commands as UNDEFINED. If the ONEOS, ONSWP, TRMATH, ONMKR, ONPWRUP, and ONSRQ commands have been set, pressing CATALOG ON EVENT displays their status as ACTIVE.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions & ATTEN 1G dB REF .0 dBm ....... ... .................................................................................... PEAK ON
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CATALOG REGISTER displays the status of state and trace registers in analyzer memory. States 1 through 8 are displayed with the center frequency (denoted by CF) and span (denoted by SP). The status of trace registers 0 to the maximum number of traces is displayed also.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CATALOG VARIABLS catalogs all of the variables saved in analyzer memory. Variables can be saved in analyzer memory by loading in a downloadable program from the memory card or defining a function using remote programming commands (VARDEF or TRDEF) Front-Panel Key Access [RECALL] or IsAvE_) activates the center-frequency function to allow the selection of frequency that will be at the center of the screen.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Change Prefix allows you to enter a prefix that can be used for saving and recalling data to and from the memory card, and for cataloging by the prefix. The prefix can be from one to seven characters long. The longer the prefix, the shorter the register number must be. The total length of the prefix and register number cannot exceed eight characters.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Made Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Pressing Change Title accesses the softkey menus that contain the available characters and symbols. A programming command can be entered in the screen title area. It can then be executed from the front panel by pressing EXECUTE TITLE The screen title will remain on the screen until either Change Title is pressed again or a trace is recalled that was saved with a screen title.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CHANNEL BANDWDTH allows the user to enter the channel bandwidth to set up the analyzer when using the measurement functions under the Power Menu softkey. When the power measurements are first accessed the initial value for channel bandwidth is 16 kHz. If the value is changed, the new value will be saved through an instrument preset or power on.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CHANNEL SPACING allows the user to enter the channel spacing to set up the analyzer when using the measurement functions under the Power Menu softkey. When the power measurements are first accessed the initial value for channel spacing is 25 kHz. Once the value is changed, the new value will be saved through an instrument preset or power on. An error message will occur for invalid values of channel spacing and channel bandwidth.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CLEAR WRITE A erases any data previously stored in trace A and continuously displays any signals during the sweep of the analvzer. This function is activated at power on and by Changing the trace mode of trace C to clear write or minimum hold can change the trace mode of trace A.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CLEAR WRITE B erases any data previously stored in trace B and continuously displays any signals detected during the sweep of the analvzer. This function is activated at power on and by pressing CPRESET]. Changing the trace mode of trace C to clear write or minimum hold can change the trace mode of trace B.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CLEAR WRITE C erases any data previously stored in trace C and continuously displays any signals detected during the sweep of the analvzer. This function is activated at power on and by pressing (jj). Changing the trace mode of trace C to clear write or minimum hold can change the trace mode of trace A and trace B.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CNT RES AUTO MAN allows the resolution of the marker counter to be selected manually or auto-coupled. The marker counter has a resolution range of 10 Hz to 100 kHz. The available resolution values are 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, and 100 kHz. The 1 Hz marker counter resolution is not specified. The resolution can be changed by using the step keys or by entering the resolution using the numeric keypad.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions COARSE TUNE DAC displays the analog output of the YTO coarse-tune DAC located on the A7 Analog Interface assembly. This is a service diagnostic function and is for service use only. Front-Panel Key Access (CAL) CONF TEST initiates a variety of tests to check the major functions of the analyzer.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CONTINUS FFT initializes the fast Fourier transform (FFT) function, puts the analyzer in continuous sweep and performs an FFT at the end of each sweep. If the FFT function is already active, it puts the analyzer in continuous sweep and performs FFTs. After using the FFT function, the display is in log mode. The markers are put in the FFT mode for use in evaluating the data.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Cable TV Analyzer Programmer’s Guide and Chapter 1 of this manual. If you want the softkey labels to be printed with the analyzer display printout when using [Copy), press PRT MENU ON OFF so that ON is underlined. Press [ml and the process will begin. The screen remains frozen (no further sweeps taken) until the data transfer to the printer is complete. The analyzer works with many Hewlett-Packard and Epson compatible printers.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions NOTE The HP 7470A Plotter does not support two plots per page output. If you use an HP 7470A Plotter with the HP 8591C cable TV analyzer, you can select one or four plots per page, but not two plots per page. For a multipen plotter, the pens of the plotter draw the different components of the screen as follows: Description Pen Number 1 Draws the annotation and graticule. 2 Draws trace A. 3 Draws trace B.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Figure 6-4. Connecting a Printer to the analyzer COPY DEV PRNT PLT changes between a printer and plotter. For example, if you have been printing and want to do a plot, press COPY DEV PRNT PLT to underline PLT before pressing (Cm]. Front-Panel Key Access (CONFIG) CORRECT ON OFF controls use of some of the correction factors. When ON is underlined, correction factors are used and CORR appears on the display.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions CPL RBW ON OFF automatically selects the optimum resolution bandwidth for an unmodulated pulse if the pulse width has been entered. If the pulse width has not been determined, the resolution bandwidth will not be coupled to the pulse parameters and a warning message will occur. If a resolution bandwidth is entered manually, the coupling will be turned off.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions DACS changes the DAC numbers of the span, DAC YTO coarse-tune, DAC YTO fine-tune, and YTO FM tune DAC located on the A7 Analog Interface assembly. This is a service diagnostic function and is for service use only. Front-Panel Key Access ICAL) DATEMODE MDY DMY changes the display of the date from a month-day-year format to a day-month-year format.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions DEFAULT CCNFIG resets the analyzer configuration to the state it was in when it was originally shipped from the factory and performs an instrument preset. See l%ble 6-5 for the default user-configuration values set by pressing DEFAULT COMFIG Table 6-5.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Oescriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Define Coupling Option 107 on&. accesses the time gate utility menu for coupling analyzer settings to the input pulsed signal parameters. It also accesses the pulsed signal parameter entry menus. Front-Panel Key Access [SWEEP_) Define Gate Option 107 on&. accesses the menu for turning on and defining the gate, from within the time gate utility.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions DELETE FILE function allows you to delete an item from analyzer memory or a lile from the memory card. Use the step keys to view different sections of the directory and use the knob to select the file or item to delete. Pressing DELETE FILE causes a message to appear on the analyzer screen: If you are sure, press key again to purge data. Press DELETE FILE again if you want to delete the memory item.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions DEHOD AM FM allows selection of amplitude (AM) or frequency (FM) demodulation. Activating AM detection turns off FM demodulation (if it is on). When the frequency span is greater than 0 Hz, a 30 kHz resolution bandwidth is used during demodulation, regardless of the screen annotation. When the span is equal to 0 Hz, the displayed bandwidth is used. Turning FM demodulation on turns off AM demodulation (if it is on).
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions DETECTOR PK SP NG selects between positive peak, sample, and negative peak detection. When sample detection is selected, SMPL appears in the upper-left corner of the screen. In sample mode, the instantaneous signal value at the present display point is placed in memory. Sample detection is activated automatically for noise level markers, during video averaging, and for FFT measurements.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions DISPLAY --f CARD saves the current analyzer display image on the memory card for viewing or copying later. It does not save the analyzer state or trace, so it cannot be used to restore an instrument to the conditions at the time the image was saved. To save the current display image, press DISPLAY + CARD , use the numeric keypad to enter a number, and press (ENTER).
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions DONE exits the pulse parameter entry menus in the gate utility assigning the current marker value to be the value of the parameter being entered. Pressing DONE also restores the sweep delay and sweep time, of the time domain window, to the values that existed prior to any adjustments made during pulse parameter entry.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions EDGE POL POS NEG determines whether the gate triggers on the positive-going or negative-going edge of the signal at the GATE TRIGGER INPUT connector (on the rear panel of the analyzer). If the gate utility is used and a pulse repetition interval has been entered, gate trigger position markers will be shown in the time domain window. A “0” indicates positive triggering. A “4” indicates negative triggering.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Edit Done can be accessed through both the amplitude-correction menu and the change prefix menu. When accessed from the amplitude-correction menu, the amplitude-correction factors table is erased from the analyzer screen and the amplitude-correction menu is restored on-screen. Use Edit Done when all the amplitude-correction factors have been entered.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions EDIT LAST Refer to the HP 8590 E-Series and L-Series Spectrum Analyzers and HP 8591 C Cable TV Analyzer Programmer’s Guide for more information. starts the DLP editor function and allows the most recent item that was being edited, in the DLP editor buffer, to be accessed again. The item will not be in the analyzer user memory until it is processed by the SAVE EDIT softkey.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Edit Mid/Delt allows you to view or edit the upper and lower limit-line tables simultaneously. These tables are edited by entering a middle amplitude value and an amplitude deviation. Up to 20 entries are allowed for the upper and lower limit-line tables. Like the upper and lower limit-line table format, the mid/delta limit-line table format provides a means of specifying the upper and lower limit lines at the same time.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Edit Up/Low allows you to view or edit the upper and lower limit-line tables simultaneously. Up to 20 entries are allowed for the upper and lower limit-line tables. With the upper and lower limit-line table format, the upper and lower limit-lines can be entered at the same time. With the upper and lower limit-line format, the frequency (or time), upper amplitude, and lower amplitude are specified.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Editor Refer to the HP 8590 E-Series and L-Series S&c&urn Analyzers and HP 8591 C Cable TV Analyzer Programmer’s Guide for more information. accesses the menu of down loadable program (DLP) editor softkeys. Programming commands can be used to write a program to control the analyzer. The built-in DLP editor uses the analyzer rather than an external computer to create, view, or edit programs.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions ENTER REF EDGE accesses the menu used to define the edge of the pulse that will be used as the time reference. Press MARKER ON to activate a trigger marker. The other menu functions can be used to manipulate the marker to indicate the location of the reference edge. Pressing DONE returns to the previous menu and makes the current value of the marker the reference edge.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions ERASE DLP MEM allows you to dispose of the DLPs, all traces defined by TRDEF, and all VAREF variables that are in analyzer memory. Press Dispose User Mem , then press ERASE DLP MEM which causes the message to appear on the analyzer screen: If you are sure, Press key again to purge data. Press ERASE DLP MEM again if you want to dispose of the DLPs in memory.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions NOTE ERASE MEM ALL ignores the state of the SAY LOCK So, even if STATES and TRACES are locked, they will still be erased by ERASE MEM ALL Front-Panel Key Access @GiZ] ERASE MB4 CARD allows you to dispose of any data or programs stored on the memory card by formatting it. This is the same as FORMAT CARD.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions ERASE STATEALL allows you to purge all the user state registers 1 through 9. Press Dispose User Rem , then press ERASE STATEALL which causes the message to appear on the analyzer screen: If you are sure, Press key again to purge data. Press ERASE STATEALL again if you want to dispose of the user state registers. Press any other softkey if you do not want to dispose of user state registers.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions NOTE l If SAVE LOCK ON OFF is set to (ONI, this function is disabled. l Use DELETE FILE to selectively delete stored programs or variables from analyzer memory Front-Panel Key Access (m) EP LQ570 SML LRG sets the analyzer to be compatible with an Epson LQ-570 compatible printer. Press Set B&W Printer then EP L4570 SML LRG until LRG is underlined to set up the large screen printout. This will allow for one printout per page.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions EXECUTE TITLE executes a programming command displayed in the screen title area of the analyzer. The Change Title function can be used to print programming commands in the screen title area of the display. The commands can then be executed from the front panel of the analyzer, without an external computer, by pressing the EXECUTE TITLE softkey. Front-Panel Key Access ICALl EXIT exits the EDIT FLATNESS softkey menu.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions activates the trigger condition that allows the next sweep to start when an external voltage (connected to EXT TRIG INPUT on the rear panel) passes through approximately 1.5 volts. The external trigger signal must be a 0 V to +5 V TTL signal. Front-Panel Key Access i-TRIG) adds a positive or negative preamplifier gain value, which is subtracted from the displayed signal.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Kay Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions FFT MARKERS if the FFT mode is already active, pressing FFT MARKERS only activates the FFT markers. If the FFT mode is not active, then the FFT marker will be activated and the FFT annotation will be displayed but an FFT will not be performed. Pressing the % AM ON OFF key will give a valid value for the signal in trace B. Press FFT OFF to return the analyzer to normal operation. An FFT trace can be saved and recalled.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions FFT OFF exits the FFT mode and menus, returning the analyzer to normal operation. Front-Panel Key Access (-1 FFT STOP FREQ allows the user to enter the stop frequency for the desired FFT span. This sets the analyzer sweep time by the relationship: FFT stop freq = 400 / (sweep time x 2) NOTE When using the FFT stop frequency function, the knob and step key increments are not optimal for positioning the signal.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions FLAT draws a zero-slope line between the coordinate point of the current segment and the coordinate point of the next segment, producing limit-line values equal in amplitude for all frequencies between the two points. If the amplitude values of the two segments differ, the limit line “steps” to the frequency value of the second segment.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions FM SPAN displays the FM-SPAN signal from the span dividers on the A7 Analog Interface assembly. This is a service diagnostic function and is for service use only. Front-Panel Key Access ICAL) FORMAT CARD formats a card in logical interchange format (LlF’). This is the same as ERASE MEM CARD The memory card is formatted with the volume label “HP859X.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Oescrlptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions FREQ OFFSET allows the user to input a frequency offset value that is added to the frequency readout, to account for frequency conversions external to the analyzer. Offset entries are added to all frequency readouts including marker, start frequency, and stop frequency. Entering an offset does not affect the trace. Offsets are not added to the span. Frequency offsets are entered using the numeric keypad.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Gale Control Option 107 or@. accesses the menu of gate control functions and the entrance to the gate utility menus. The gate can be controlled independently or from within the gate utility. The gate utility makes it easier to set up and manipulate the gate. When the gate control functions are accessed under the Gate Control menu, outside of the gate utility, they do not interact with the gate utility.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions GATE DELAY Option 107 on Ly. sets the duration of the delay after an edge trigger before the gate switch closes. The gate delay can be set from 1 ,us to 65.535 ms in 1 ps steps. If the GATE DELAY softkey is accessed outside of the time gate utility, it turns off the gate markers but does not affect the gate utility settings. When the gate utility is entered, the current value of the gate delay will be used.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions GATE ON OFF Option 107 only. turns on or off the gate, the time-gated analyzer capability. The gate can be turned on outside, or from within, the gate utility. The gate utility makes it easier to set up and manipulate the gate. If GATE ON OFF is accessed under the [SWEEP) menu it turns the gate on and off.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Some analyzer functions are altered or are not available when the gate utility is active. See Table 6-7. From within the gate utility press EXIT UTILITY to return to normal analyzer operation. Press CSWEEP] twice, and EXIT UTILITY to return to the gate utility and then exit it properly. Table 6-7.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions GND REF DETECTOR displays the output of the analog-ground reference produced on the Al6 Processor/Video assembly. This is a service diagnostic function and is for service use only. Front-Panel Key Access (CAL) GRAT ON OFF turns the screen graticule on and off. This is helpful when alternative graphics are drawn on the screen through a remote controller and during plotting, when a graticule is not required.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions HP B&W PRINTER selects a black and white print. Use this function if you have a black and white HP printer, or if you are using an HP PaintJet printer, but want to have a black and white print. Pressing DEFAULT CONFIG selects the HP B&W PRINTER softkey. Start printing by pressing COPY DEV PRNT PLT (PRNT) and (copvl. Front-Panel Key Access @GiT@ IDNUM is used when the instrument is powered on the first time.
-1 ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions INTERNAL CARD selects between spectrum analyzer memory and the memory card for the save and recall functions. Front-Panel Key Access [RECALL_) or m INTERNAL + STATE recalls the saved analyzer state from the selected state register. Recalling a state from the analyzer memory displays the time and date when the state data was stored.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions LAST SPAN changes the analyzer frequency span to the previous span setting. Front-Panel Key Access ISPAN) Limit Lines accesses the limit-line menus. Front-Panel Key Access @‘%iZ-] LIMIT LINES When accessed by m, pressing LIMIT LINES stores the current limit-line tables in analyzer memory or on the memory card. When accessed by (RECALL), pressing LIMIT LINES recalls limit-line tables from analyzer memory or the memory card.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions As an example, assume you have a frequency limit line. If the limit line is specified as fixed, entering a limit-line segment with a frequency coordinate of 300 MHz displays the limit-line segment at 300 MHz. If the same limit-line table is specified as relative, it is displayed relative to the analyzer center frequency and reference level. If the center frequency is at 1.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions LIMITS FRQ TIME selects whether limit lines will be entered using frequency or sweep time to define the segments. Limit lines can be created by the user to test trace data. They can be specihed as a table of limit-line segments of amplitude versus frequency, or of amplitude versus time. Time values are evaluated with respect to the analyzer sweep time.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions LMT TEST ON OFF turns the limit-line testing and (if LMT DISP AUTO is selected) turns the display of the limit lines on and off. When limit-line testing is enabled, every measurement sweep of trace A is compared to the limit lines. If trace A is at or within the bounds of the limit lines, LIMIT PASS is displayed. If trace A is out of the limit-line boundaries, LIMIT FAIL is displayed.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Pressing (CONFIG] (-0 after the analyzer has been placed in the remote mode places the analyzer in the local mode and enables front-panel control. During remote operation, “R” appears in the lower-right corner of the screen indicating remote and talk. A “T” or “L” may appear during remote operation, indicating talk or listen. Pressing the (CONFIGI) key removes the “R” symbol in the lower-right corner.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions MAN TRK ADJUST Option 011 on&. allows the user to adjust the frequency of the tracking-generator oscillator manually using the step keys or knob. The tracking adjust is tuned to maximize the amplitude of the trace. Tracking error occurs when the output frequency of the tracking generator is not exactly matched to the input frequency of the analyzer.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions MARKER A activates a second marker at the position of the first marker. (If no marker is present, two markers appear at the center of the display.) The amplitude and frequency of the first marker is fixed, and the second marker is under your control. Annotation in the active function block and in the upper-right corner of the screen indicates the frequency and amplitude differences between the two markers.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions MARKER A-SPAN sets the start and stop frequencies to the values of the delta markers. The start and stop frequencies will not be set if the delta marker is off. Front-Panel Key Access @X&j MARKER+ AUTO FFT functions exactly like the CONTINUS FFT softkey, if the spectrum analyzer is already in zero span.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions MARKER+ FFT STOP changes the FFT stop frequency to whatever the current value of the FFT marker frequency is, within the limitations of the available sweep times. This puts the marker on the right side of the graticule.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions MARKER -START changes the start frequency so that it is equal to the frequency of the active marker. This moves the active marker to the left edge of the display. Front-Panel Key Access @C?i?7] MARKER -&TOP changes the stop frequency so that it is equal to the frequency of the active marker. This moves the active marker to the right edge of the display.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions MARKER NORMAL activates a single frequency marker at the center frequency on the active trace if an on-screen marker is not already displayed. If there is an on-screen marker before the MARKER NORMAL function is enabled, a frequency marker is enabled at the position of the first marker. Use the data controls to position the marker.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions MAX HOLD B maintains the maximum level for each trace point of trace B. Updates each trace point if a new maximum level is detected in successive sweeps. Front-Panel Key Access (TRACE) MAX MXR L\TL lets you change the maximum input mixer level in 10 dB steps from 39 dBmV to -51 dBmV. The mixer level is equal to the reference level minus the attenuator setting.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions MEM LOCKED indicates that the save lock function is on. It replaces the ERASE STATEALL and ERASE TRACEALL softkeys under the (CONFIG) key, and it replaces STATE 4 INTERNAL and TRACE + INTERNAL under the ISAVE_) key when SAV LOCK ON OFF is ON. Pressing SAV LOCK ON OFF returns the menu to its unlocked state. Front-Panel Key Access [SAVE_) or (CONFIG) MIN HOLD C maintains the minimum level for each trace point of trace C.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions MK NOISE ON DFF reads out the average noise level, referenced to a 1 Hz noise power bandwidth, at the marker position. If no marker is present, a marker appears at the center of the screen. The root-mean-square noise level, normalized to a 1 Hz noise power bandwidth, is read out. The sample detector is activated.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions MK TRACE AUTO ABC assigns a marker to a trace. Pressing MK TRACE AUTO ABC will activate a marker on trace A if there are no markers turned on. If a marker is currently active, press MK TRACE AUTO ABC until A, B, or C are underlined. The active marker will be moved to the selected trace. Selecting the AUTO mode will move the marker to the trace that is automatically selected.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions accesses the marker control softkeys which select the type and number of markers and turn them on and off. Markers are diamond-shaped characters that identify points of traces and allow the traces to be manipulated and controlled on the screen. During manual operation, four markers may appear on the display simultaneously; only one can be controlled at a time. The marker that is controlled is called the “active” marker.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions N dB PTS ON OFF automatically places two markers at points N dB from the highest point on the highest displayed signal, and determines the frequency difference between the two markers. N dB is the active function and the value of N is set by the user. The measurement defaults to 3 dB when it is first turned on. The measurement runs continuously re-executing at the end of each sweep.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions switches the active window between the two displayed windows, if the windows display mode has been turned on. The active window is marked by solid lines. If the zoom function has been used to expand an active window to the full screen, the INEXT) key still switches the active window between the two windows. The windows remain zoomed (full screen) so the inactive window is not displayed as the active window is switched.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions No User Menu is displayed if key number 1 has not been defined by the user. Key number 1 can be deEned by remote programming commands (KEYCMD or KEYDEF). Front-Panel Key Access (MEAS/USER] NORPILIZE ON OFF subtracts trace B from trace A and adds the result to the display line. The result is displayed in trace A. The trace data is normalized with respect to the display line even if the value of the display line is changed.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions NTSC allows you to trigger on the NTSC video format. Pressing NTSC alters the TV line number that the analyzer triggers on internally; the line number displayed when TV LINE # is pressed does not change. Pressing NTSC changes the video modulation to negative; set TV SYNC NEG POS so that POS is underlined if positive video modulation is required.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions The OCC 3W % POWER softkey can be used to change the measured power value from 1% to 99.99% of the total displayed power. The occupied bandwidth function also indicates the value of the measured power in the occupied bandwidth, and the difference between the analyzer center frequency and the center frequency of the occupied bandwidth.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions When the windows display mode is first turned on, the top window will contain an inactive copy of the previous full display. The lower window will be active and will display a subset of the frequency span of the upper window. The displayed span, or zone, of the lower window will be indicated on the upper window by two vertical lines called zone markers.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Table 6-8.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions PAL-M allows you to trigger on the PAL-M video format. PAL-M alters the TV line number the analyzer triggers on internally; the line number displayed by TV LINE # does not change. PAL-M changes the video modulation to negative; use TV SYNC NEG POS (POS) if positive video modulation is required.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions NOTE When a peak has a lump on its skirt that is the peak-excursion value above the threshold, the lump is considered a peak in its own right only if it has a peak excursion drop on both sides. Two peaks that are so close that only a valley divides them are not differentiated if the valley is not the peak-excursion value deep.
IS p e c t r u m A n a l y z e r M o d e K e y Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions PEAK ZOOM Iinds the highest displayed signal and narrows the span to a value selected by the user. Pressing PEAK ZOOM the first time will make FINAL SPAN the active function so the user can input the destination span. The current FINAL SPAN value will be displayed. At that time the user can enter a span or press PEZK ZOOM again to use the displayed span.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions PK SORT FRQ AMP switches the peak table sorting routine between listing the peaks in order by descending amplitude or by ascending frequency. Front-Panel Key Access PK TABLE ON OFF SEARCH) displays a list, of up to ten signal peaks, that is updated at the end of each sweep. The peaks can be sorted in order by descending amplitude or by ascending frequency. Peaks above or below the display line can be excluded from the table.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions PLT PIENU ON OFF allows the softkey labels to be plotted along with the analyzer display. This function operates when the IcoPv] key is used in a plot configuration. The PLT MENU ON OFF function is set to OFF when DEFAULT COMFIG is pressed. Front-Panel Key Access (CONFIG) PLTS/PG 1 2 4 allows you to plot a full-page, half-page, or quarter-page output.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Power Menu accesses functions which make transmitter power measurements. The measurements are designed for analog radio or continuous carrier digital radio signals. If another front-panel key is pressed, exiting the power menus, press the [w) key twice to return to the last power menu that was being used. Front-Panel Key Access (a) POWER ON IP LAST determines the state of the analyzer when the analyzer is powered on.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions provides a convenient starting point for making most measurements. Pressing CPRESET] displays softkeys used for accessing the operating modes available for your analyzer. See lable 6-l 1 and Table 6-10 for the conditions established by pressing c-1. The instrument preset function performs a processor test, but does not affect CAL data. Pressing I=] clears both the input and output buffers, but does not clear trace B.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Table 6-10. Model Specific Preset Conditions Model HP Center Frequency 8591C 900 MHz Span 1.8 Start stop Frequency Frequency GHz 0 Hz 1 . 8 GHz Sweep Time 2 0 m s /auto-coupled] Table 6-l 1. Common Preset Conditions A - B - A Off Amplitude correction factors Off Amplitude units default values Annotation and graticule display on Attenuation 1 0 dB [auto-coupled1 Center frequency Refer to Table 6-10.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Table 6-11. Common Preset Conditions (continued) 6-114 SR[1 m a s k octal 50 Start Frequency Refer to Table 6-10. Stop Frequency Refer to Table 6-10.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions PRESET SPECTRUM allows the analyzer mode only to be preset. Table 6-12 lists the conditions affected by the PRESET function. Other operating modes will not be affected. See the description of the [MODE) key. In addition, pressing PRESET SPECTRUM erases user-generated graphics and blanks the active-function block that is on the analyzer screen. Pressing PRESET SPECTRUM disposes of ONEOS, ONSWP, and TRMATH.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Kay Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Table 6-l 2. Preset Conditions for All Models (continued) Measure S A I analyzer1 On end-of-sweep command IONEOSI cleared On-sweep command IONSWPI cleared Reference level 49 dRmV in power-on units Reference level offset 0 d6 Reference level position top 16thl graticule Resolution bandwidth 3 M H z [coupled/ Span Refer to Table 6-10. Start frequency Refer to Table 6-10. Stop frequency Refer to Table 6-10.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Print Config accesses the softkey functions that are used to address the printer, select a black and white print or a color print (a color print requires an HP PaintJet printer), and reset the printer. See the IcoPv] key for more information. Front-Panel Key Access ~~~ PRINTER ADDRESS Option 021 only. allows you to change the HP-IB address of the printer.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Pulse ParaIti accesses the gate utility menus for entering the pulse parameters: reference edge, pulse width, and pulse repetition interval. If pulse parameters have previously been entered, pressing Pulse Param causes a list of the current values to be displayed. Front-Panel Key Access (SWEEP) PURGE AMP COR clears the current amplitude-correction factors table.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions PWRGRAPH ON OFF turns the channel power graph ON or OFF. With the PWRGRAPH ON, the channel powergraph is calculated and displayed and the numeric results are not displayed. The value of the channel power is displayed at the selected marker frequency. This graph function is used after doing a channel power measurement with the CHANNEL POWER softkey. Front-Panel Key Access (jMEAS/USER] PWR SWP ON OFF option 011 only.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Power-sweep measurements are particularly useful in making gain compression measurements or output power versus frequency measurements. Front-Panel Key Access [AUXCTRL) accesses softkey menus that allow you to recall data from the memory card or analyzer memory. When INTERNAL is selected, states, traces, limit-line tables, amplitude-correction factors can be recalled from analyzer memory.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions RECALL LIMIT recalls limit-line tables from the current mass-storage device (analyzer memory or memory card). To verify the current mass-storage device, press RECALL LIMIT If MAX REG # appears on the analyzer display, the current mass-storage device is analyzer memory. If PREFIX= is displayed, the memory card is the mass-storage device. Press m or C-1, then INTERNAL CARD to change the current mass-storage device.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions adds an offset value to the displayed reference level. Offsets are entered by using the number/units keypad. Entering an offset does not affect the trace or the attenuation value. Reference-level offsets are used when gain or loss occurs between a device under test and the -analyzer input. Thus, the signal level measured by the analyzer is the level at the input of an external amplitude-conversion device.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions RPG TITLE provides additional characters for the Change Title function. Pressing RPG TITLE provides lowercase letters, numbers, Greek letters, and punctuation symbols. When RPG TITLE is pressed, a character table appears on the screen. To select a character, turn the knob to position the cursor under the desired character and press the (ENTER) key. The step keys move the cursor between rows.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions accesses softkey menus that allow you to store state data, trace data, limit-line tables, and amplitude-correction factors on a memory card or in analyzer memory. The SAVE function also allows you to save state data, trace data, limit-line tables, amplitude-correction factors, and program data on the memory card.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SAVE AMP CQR saves the current amplitude-correction factors table to the current mass-storage device ( analyzer memory or memory card). To verify the current mass storage device, press SAVE AMP COR If MAX REG # appears on the analyzer display, the current mass storage device is analyzer memory. If PREFIX= is displayed, the memory card is the mass storage device.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SAVE LIMIT saves the current limit-line tables in the current mass-storage device ( analyzer memory or memory card). To verify the current mass-storage device, press SAVE LIMIT . If MAX REG # appears on the analyzer display, the current mass-storage device is analyzer memory. If PREFIX= is displayed, the memory card is the mass-storage device.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descrrptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SECAM-L triggers on the SECAM-L video formats. Pressing SECAM-L alters the TV line number that the analyzer triggers on internally; the line number displayed when TV LINE # does not change. Pressing SECAM-L changes the video modulation to positive; set TV SYNC MEG POS to NEG if negative video modulation is required. Front-Panel Key Access (TRIG) SELECT 1 2 3 4 selects one of the four possible markers.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SELECT FmQ allows you to enter the frequency value for a limit-line segment or for an amplitude-correction point. Enter the frequency value for the frequency by using the data keys. Change the frequency value by using the step keys or the knob. Press (Wj to correct errors. A frequency coordinate must always be specified for either limit lines or amplitude-correction factors.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SELECT POINT allows you to create or edit an amplitude-correction factor data point. Enter the point number to be created or edited by using the data keys, then press [ml. Press [BKSPI) to correct errors. Front-Panel Key Access (CAL] SELECT PREFIX allows you to select an already existing prefix of a cataloged Ele and changes the current prefix to this selected prefix.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SELECT TIME allows you to enter the time value for a limit-line segment. The time value is with respect to the analyzer sweep time. A time value of zero is the start of the sweep, which is the left edge of the graticule. Enter the time value by using the data keys. Change the time value by using the step keys or the knob. Press [BKSPI) to correct errors. NOTE Limit-line data is sorted in time order in the limit-line table.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Service Cal accesses several service calibration functions. The service calibration functions are designed for service use only. More detailed descriptions of the service functions are available in the service documentation. Service documentation can be obtained by ordering Option 915 through your HP Sales and Service office.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SET DATE allows you to set the date of the real-time clock. Enter the date in the YYMMDD format using the number keypad and press [ENTER]. Valid year (YY) values are 00 through 99. Valid month (MM) values are from 01 to 12, and valid day values are from 01 to 31. Front-Panel Key Access (-1 SET TIME allows you to set the time of the realtime clock.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions swaw OPTIONS displays the number and description of the options installed in your analyzer, the instrument model number of the analyzer, the last five digits of the analyzer serial number, and the firmware revision. Pressing SHOW OPTIONS changes the softkey label to EXIT SHOW Press EXIT SHOW to erase the SHOW OPTIONS function information. Pressing SHOW OPTIONS displays the individual option numbers.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SINGLE FFT initializes the fast Fourier transform (FFT) function. If the analyzer is in single sweep mode, an FFT is performed on trace A without taking a new sweep. If the analyzer is in continuous sweep, it is put in single sweep, a sweep is taken, and the FFT is performed. If the analyzer is already in the FFT mode it is put in single sweep, a sweep is taken, and an FFT is performed.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SLOPE draws a straight line between the coordinate point of the current segment and the coordinate point of the next segment, producing limit-line values for all frequencies between the two points. Front-Panel Key Access [ml ISPAN) or SPAN activates the SPAN function and accesses the frequency-span functions. Pressing SPAN allows the user to change the frequency range symmetrically about the center frequency.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SPECTRUM ANALYZER sets the analyzer to the spectrum analyzer operating mode and accesses the PRESET SPECTRUM softkey function. Front-Panel Key Access IIVIODE) or C-1 SCjUELCH adjusts the squelch level. The squelch level mutes weak signals and passes strong signals. The squelch level affects the audio output only.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SRC PWR ON OFF Option 011 only. activates (ON) or deactivates (OFF) the output power of the tracking generator (SRC). The power level can then be adjusted using the data keys, step keys, or knob. Pressing any digit, 0 through 9, on the numeric keypad brings up the selected terminator menu. The available output power level varies for different analyzer models.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions STATE + INTRNL saves the current analyzer state in the selected state register. To save the current state, press STATE + INTRNL , and use the numeric keypad to enter a state register number (valid state register numbers are 1 through 8). If windows are being used, only the state of the active window will be saved. Front-Panel Key Access (SAVE) STOP Fmq sets the frequency at the right side of the graticule.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions accesses the sweep-time menu and accesses the sweep-time softkey functions SWP TIME AUTO MAN and SWEEP CONT SGL The CSWEEP) key also accesses the GATE ON OFF softkey which turns on the gate function and the Gate Control softkey which accesses the gate menus. SWEEP CONT SGL switches the analyzer between the continuous-sweep mode and the single-sweep mode. If the analyzer is in single-sweep mode, SGL is underlined.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SWEEP TIME DAC displays the output of the sweep-time DAC (SWP-DAC) from the sweep-ramp generator that is on the A7 Analog Interface assembly. This is a service diagnostic function and is for service use only. Front-Panel Key Access ICAL) WE’ CPLG SR SA Option 011 only. selects stimulus-response (SR) or spectrum-analyzer (SA) auto-coupled sweep time.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions SYNC NRM NTSC changes the rear MONITOR output between normal internal monitor horizontal and vertical synchronization constants or the NTSC video compatible format. In the NTSC mode the monitor output is compatible with NTSC video cassette recorders. In the normal mode the synchronization constants can be changed from the factory default settings by using CRT NOR2 POSITION and CRT VERT POSITION softkeys.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions T WINDOW RES BW Option 107 only. changes the resolution bandwidth in the time domain window of the gate utility. Front-Panel Key Access I-) T WINDOW SWP TIME Option 107 only. changes the sweep time in the time domain window of the gate utility and re-scales the gate markers. Front-Panel Key Access (SWEEP) TABLE dDL NRM switches the marker table between the normal marker formats and the delta display line format.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions THRESHLD ON OFF sets a lower boundary to the active trace. The threshold line “clips” signals that appear below the line when this function is on. The boundary is defined in amplitude units that correspond to its vertical position when compared to the reference level. The value of the threshold appears in the active-function block and on the lower-left side of the screen.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions TIMEDATE ON OFF turns the display of the realtime clock on or off. Pressing DEFAULT CONFIG sets TIMEDATE OH OFF to ON. Front-Panel Key Access [CONFIG] TO1 ON OFF finds the third-order intercept of the two highest amplitude signals and the two associated distortion products. The effect of unequal test signal amplitude is compensated for. The measurement runs continuously, re-executing at the end of each sweep.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions TRACE ABC selects the softkey menu used for trace A, trace B, or trace C functions. Press TRACE A B C until the letter of the desired trace is underlined. Front-Panel Key Access (TRACE) TRACE A sets up trace A for recalling previously-saved trace data into trace A or saving trace data from trace A.
ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions begins the process used to save trace data, limit-line tables, or amplitude-correction factors on the memory card. Pressing Trace + Card accesses a softkey menu that allows you to select the trace to be saved (trace A, trace B, or trace C) and accesses the LIMIT LINES and AMP COR softkeys. To save a trace, press TRACE A , TRACE B , or TRACE C , use the numeric keypad to enter a trace register number, and press (ENTER].
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions Trace -4 I n t r n l accesses a softkey menu that allows you to select the item to be stored in analyzer memory: the trace to be saved (trace A, trace B, or trace C), limit-line tables, or amplitude-correction factors. To save a trace, select the trace to be saved, enter the trace-register number and press Cm).
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions TRACKING PEAK Option 011 only. activates a routine that automatically adjusts the tracking adjustment to obtain the peak response of the tracking generator on the analyzer display. NOTE For tracking peak to function properly, the tracking generator must be connected to the analyzer.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions selects the line number of the video picture field. The values allowed are 1 to 1012. [PRESET) sets the TV line number to 17. Front-Panel Key Access (TRIG) allows the analyzer to trigger on the standard video formats; NTSC, PAL, PAL-M, or SECAM-L. Front-Panel Key Access ITRIG) selects the polarity of the modulation of the video format. NTSC uses the negative or positive modulation video format.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions TV TRIG EVEN FLD selects an even video field of an interlaced video format to trigger on. Front-Panel Key Access I‘TRIG) TV TRIG ODD FLD selects an odd video field of an interlaced video format to trigger on. Front-Panel Key Access (TRIG) TV TRIG VERT INT selects a vertical interval to trigger on. Triggering occurs on the next pulse edge.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions V changes the amplitude units to V for the current setting (log or linear). Front-Panel Key Access [AMPLITUDE) selects the ratio between the video and resolution bandwidths. If signal responses near the noise level are visually masked by the noise, the ratio can be set to less than 1 to smooth this noise. The knob and steo kevs change the ratio in a 1, 3, 10 sequence. Pressing (PRESET) and AUTO ALL sets the ratio to 0.300 X.
-I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions VID BW AUTO MAN changes the analyzer post-detection filter from 30 Hz to 3 MHz in a 1, 3, 10 sequence. Rx” Option 130 only. Option 130 provides additional narrow resolution bandwidths of 30 Hz, 100 Hz, and 300 Hz. As the video bandwidth is decreased, the sweep time is increased to maintain amplitude calibration. A “f” mark appears next to VBW on the bottom of the analyzer display to indicate that it is not coupled.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions VIDEO activates the trigger condition that allows the next sweep to start if the detected RF envelope voltage rises to a level set by the display line. When VIDEO is pressed, the display line appears on the screen. For example, connect the CAL OUT signal to the analyzer input, change the trigger mode to video, and lower the display line. The analyzer triggers when the display line reaches the noise floor.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions changes the amplitude units to volts. Front-Panel Key Access CAMPL’TUDE] Watts changes the amplitude units to watts. Front-Panel Key Access [AMPLITUDE] WINDOWS OFF turns off the windows display mode and returns to the normal full-sized instrument display. The state of the last active window will become the instrument state when the windows display is turned off.
I- -I Spectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions ZONE CENTER allows the zone markers to be moved in frequency without changing the zone span. The zone markers are vertical lines marking the zone on the upper window. They correspond with the frequency range displayed in the lower window. As the zone markers are moved the center frequency of the lower window is changed but the lower window will not be updated unless it is active.
-I ISpectrum Analyzer Mode Key Descriptions Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions searches for the next frequency peak outside and to the right of the zone markers on the upper window trace and then moves the zone so that it is centered around the new peak. The zone span is not changed. The center frequency of the lower window changes to reflect the new zone center frequency. The lower window will not be updated until it is made active.
I- -I 7 Key Menus
I- Key Menus This chapter contains the key menu diagrams for the HP 8591C cable TV analyzer. Each key menu diagram is arranged alphabetically according to the front-panel key name. NOTE The softkeys in the key menus that are specific to the HP 85721A cable TV RF/video measurements personality are described in the HP 859lC Cable TV Analyzer Cable TV Measurements User’s Guide.
-I Key Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions
IKey Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions 7-4
Key Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions 7-5
IKey Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions El COPY 7-6
I- -I Key Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions 7-7
-I IKey Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions r [ MKR ] MARKERNcm.
-I Key Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions [MKR-> ] 7-9
IKey Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions r SPECTRUM CABLE Config ANALYZER TV ANALYZER- TV RECEIVER CHANNEL ~ SYSTEM More 1 of MEAS MEAS 3 CHANNEL / .
-I Key Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions 7-11
-I IKey Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions F O R R E C A L L I N G A N D SAViNG T O A N A L Y Z E R M E M O R Y : ( t h a t i s , w i t h I N T E R N A L seiected) 7-12
I- -I Key Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions F O R R E C A L L ING A N D S A V I N G T O M E M O R Y CARD : ( t h a t i s , w i t h C A R D selected 7-13
-I IKey Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions F O R R E C A L L I N G A N D SAViNG T O M E M O R Y C A R D : (that i s , w i t h C A R D seiected) El SGL SW PU128 I cl SPAN 7-15
-I IKey Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions (with Trace A selected) 1 TRACE 1 7-16
I- -I Key Menus Spectrum Analyzer Mode Functions 7-17
I8 If You Have a Problem
-I I- If You Have a Problem What You’ll Find in This Chapter This chapter includes information on how to check for a problem with your HP 8591C cable TV analyzer and how to return it for service. It also includes descriptions of the analyzer built-in error messages. Your cable TV analyzer is built to provide dependable service. It is unlikely that you will experience a problem. However, Hewlett-Packard’s worldwide sales and service organization is ready to provide the support you need.
-I ICalling HP Sales and Service Offices Sales and service offices are located around the world to provide complete support for your cable TV analyzer. To obtain servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service office listed in Table 8-1. In any correspondence or telephone conversations, refer to the cable TV analyzer by its model number and full serial number.
-I I- Before You Call Hewlett-Packard Before calling Hewlett-Packard or returning the cable TV analyzer for service, please make the checks listed in “Check the basics.’ If you still have a problem please read the warranty printed at the front of this guide. If your cable TV analyzer is covered by a separate maintenance agreement, please be familiar with its terms. Hewlett-Packard offers several maintenance plans to service your cable TV analyzer after warranty expiration.
I- -I If You Have a Problem Before You Call Hewlett-Packard Check the basics In general, a problem can be caused by a hardware failure, a software error, or a user error. Often problems may be solved by repeating what was being done when the problem occurred. A few minutes spent in performing these simple checks may eliminate time spent waiting for instrument repair. q Check that the cable TV analyzer is plugged into the proper ac power source. q Check that the line socket has power.
IIf You Have a Problem Before You Call Hewlett-Packard If you suspect the analyzer configuration is wrong Reset the cable TV analyzer configuration to the state it was in when it was originally shipped from the factory using DEFAULT CONFIG . Press the following keys: @5GiE) More I of 3 DEFAULT CONFIG DEFAULT CONFIG Note that DEFAULT CONFIG requires a double key press. See the softkey description for DEFAULT CONFIG in Chapter 6.
-I IIf You Have a Problem Before You Call Hewlett-Packard If the analyzer measurements appear inaccurate If it appears that the cable TV analyzer measurements are inaccurate the cable TV analyzer correction factors may have been removed from the measurement results. If this occurs, perform the frequency and amplitude self-calibration routines given in “Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time” in Chapter 2. After running these routines, press CAL STORE , then perform the conEdence test.
-I If You Have a Problem Before You Call Hewlett-Packard If the calibration routines cannot be performed Use CAL FETCH to retrieve the correction data that has previously been saved. If the fetched correction data is corrupt, perform the steps in “If the display is scrambled” to set the correction data back to factory default values. If the calibration data is corrupt Use CAL FETCH to retrieve the correction data that has previously been saved.
I- -I If You Have a Problem Before You Call Hewlett-Packard 2. Press the following cable TV analyzer keys: ICAL) More 1 of 3 More 2 of 3 DEFAULT CAL DATA 3. Perform the CAL FREQ and CAL AMPTD routines, or the CAL FREQ & A#PTD routine. Be sure CAL OUT is connected to the cable TV analyzer input. If the CAL OUT signal cannot be found, press ( F R E Q U E N C Y ), -37 @ before performing the CAL FREQ or CAL FREQ & AMPTD. I I 4.
-I IIf You Have a Problem Before You Call Hewlett-Packard How to Call Hewlett-Packard Hewlett-Packard has Sales and Service offices around the world to provide you with complete support for your cable TV analyzer. To obtain servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office listed in Table 8-1. In any correspondence or telephone conversations, refer to the instrument by its model number and full serial number.
I- -I If You Have a Problem Before You Call Hewlett-Packard Table 8-1. Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices US FIELD OPERATIONS Headquarters Hewlett-Packard Company 19320 Pruneridge Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014, USA 18001 752-0900 California, Northern Hewlett-Packard Co. 301 E. Evelyn Mountain View, CA 94041 14151 6 9 4 2 0 0 0 California, Southern Hewlett-Packard Co. 1421 South Manhattan Ave. Fullerton, CA 92631 17141 999-6700 Colorado Hewlett-Packard Co.
I- -I Returning the Cable TV Analyzer for Service Use the information in this section if it is necessary to return the cable TV analyzer to Hewlett-Packard. CAUTION If it becomes necessary to return your analyzer to a Hewlett-Packard service center, save any user-defined functions or measurement personalities to a memory card.
IIf You Have a Problem Returning the Cable TV Analyzer for Service 3. If you have a front-panel cover, install it on the instrument; if not, protect the front panel with cardboard. 4. Surround the instrument with at least 3 to 4 inches of packing material, or enough to prevent the instrument from moving in the carton. If packing foam is not available, the best alternative is SD-240 Air CapTM from Sealed Air Corporation (Commerce, CA 90001).
-I I- Error Messages The cable TV analyzer can generate various messages that appear on its screen during operation to indicate a problem. There are three types of messages: hardware error messages (H), user-created error messages (II), and informational messages (M). l Hardware error messages indicate the cable TV analyzer hardware is probably broken. Refer to Chapter 8 for more information. l User-created error messages appear when the cable TV analyzer is used incorrectly.
-I IIf You Have a Problem Error Messages ADC-2V FAIL Indicates a hardware failure. (H) ADC-GND FAIL Indicates a hardware failure. (H) ADC-TIME FAIL Indicates a hardware failure. (H) and (U) CAL:- - During the self-calibration routine, messages may appear on the display to indicate how the calibration routines are progressing. For example, sweep, freq, span, MC delay, FM coil, and atten can appear on the cable TV analyzer display.
I- -I If You Have a Problem Error Messages CAL: NBW 200 Hz notch amp failed Indicates that the 200 Hz resolution bandwidth is not the correct shape for the calibration routine. (H) CAL: NBW 200 Hz notch failed Indicates that the 200 Hz resolution bandwidth is not the correct shape for the calibration routine. (H) CAL: NBW 200 Hz width failed Indicates that the 200 Hz resolution bandwidth is not the correct bandwidth for the calibration routine.
I- -I If You Have a Problem Error Messages CAL: USING DEFAULT DATA Indicates that the calibration data is corrupt and the default correction factors are being used. Interruption of the self-calibration routines or an error can cause this problem. (M) CAL: ZERO FAIL The cable TV analyzer could not set up the tuning sensitivity of the main coil. If this message appears, press [FREQUENCY), -37, (Hz_), (CAL), Mare 1 of 4 , More 2 of 4 , DEFAULT CAL DATA , and perform the CAL FREQ routine again.
I- -I If You Have a Problem Error Messages EMPTY DLP MEM Indicates that the user-defined items (user-defined functions, user-defined variables, user-defined traces, user-defined softkeys) and any personalities (for example, the HP 85721 cable TV system personality) in the cable TV analyzer memory have been deleted. If the message is continuously displayed at power up, it may indicate a hardware failure. See the cable TV analyzer Service Guide for more information.
-I IIf You Have a Problem Error Messages Gate card not calibrated This message can indicate that either the CAL AMPTD routine need to be performed before the time-gating functions can be used, or that something was connected to the GATE TRIGGER INPUT connector during the CAL AMPTD or CAL FREQ & AMPTD routines. Ensure that nothing is connected to the GATE TRIGGER INPUT connector when the CAL AMPTD or CAL FREQ & AMPTD routines are performed.
-I IIf You Have a Problem Error Messages INVALID CARD: DIRECTORY Indicates the memory card has not been formatted. (U) INVALID CARD: NO CARD Indicates a memory card has not been inserted. (LJ) INVALID CARD: TYPE Indicates one of the following conditions: a card reader is not installed, the memory card is write-protected (check the position of the switch on the memory card), the memory card is a read-only memory (ROM) card, or a memory card has not been inserted.
-I If You Have a Problem Error Messages INVALID FILE: NO ROOM Indicates that there is insufficient space available on the memory card to store the data. (U) INVALID HP-IB ADRS/OPERATION An HP-IB operation was aborted due to an incorrect address or invalid operation. Check that there is only one controller (the cable TV analyzer) connected to the printer or plotter, (U) INVALID HP-IB OPERATION REN TRUE The HP-IB operation is not allowed.
I- -I If You Have a Problem Error Messages INVALID REGISTER NUMBER The specified trace register number is invalid. (U) INVALID REPEAT MEM OVFL Memory overflow occurred due to a REPEAT routine. This can occur if there is not enough cable TV analyzer memory for the REPEAT UNTIL declaration, or if the REPEAT UNTIL declaration exceeds 2047 characters. (U> INVALID REPEAT NEST LEVEL The nesting level in the REPEAT routine is improperly constructed. This can occur if too many REPEAT routines are nested.
IIf You Have a Problem Error Messages INVALID TRACENAME: - _ _ Indicates the speciiied trace could not be saved because the trace name is not allowed. To avoid this problem, use an underscore as the second character in the trace name, or avoid beginning the trace name with the following pairs of letters: LB, OA, OL, TA, TB, TR, MA, MF, TS, OT, and DR. (U) INVALID VALUE PARAMETER: - _ The speciEed value parameter is invalid. (U) INVALID VARDEF: - - _ The speciEed variable name is not allowed.
-I If You Have a Problem Error Messages Marker Count Widen RES BW Indicates that the current resolution bandwidth setting is too narrow to use with the marker counter function. The marker counter function can be in narrow resolution bandwidths (bandwidths that are less than 1 kHz) with the following procedure: 1. Place the marker on the desired signal. 2. Increase the resolution bandwidth to 1 kHz and verify the marker is on the signal peak. 3.
I- -I If You Have a Problem Error Messages PARAMETER ERROR: - _ _ The speciEed parameter is not recognized by the cable TV analyzer. See the appropriate programming command description to determine the correct parameters. (U) PASSCODE NEEDED Indicates that the function cannot be accessed without the pass code. (U) POS-PK FAIL Indicates the positive-peak detector has failed. (H) REF UNLOCK Indicates that the frequency reference is not locked to the external reference input.
IIf You Have a Problem Error Messages RFPRESELERROR Indicates that the preselector peak routine cannot be performed. (H) RF PRESEL TIMEOUT Indicates that the preselector peak routine cannot be performed. (H) SAMPLE FAIL Indicates the sample detector has failed. (H) SETUP ERROR Indicates that the span, channel bandwidth, or channel spacing are not set correctly for the adjacent channel power or channel power measurement. w> SIGNAL NOT FOUND Indicates the PEAK ZOOM routine did not End a valid signal.
I- -I If You Have a Problem Error Messages SRQ - - The speciEed service request is active. Service requests are a form of informational message and are explained in HP 8590 E-Series and L-Series S&t?ctrum Analyzers and HP 8591C Cable TV Analyzer Programmer’s Guide. (M) STEP GAIN/ATTN FAIL Indicates the step gain has failed. (H) Stop at marker not available with negative detection Indicates that the marker counter cannot be used when negative peak detection is selected.
IIf You Have a Problem Error Messages Trace A is not available Indicates that trace A is in the store-blank mode and cannot be used for limit-line testing. Use CLEAR WRITE A or VIEW A to change trace A from the store-blank mode to the clear write mode, and then turn on limit-line testing. (U) UNDF KEY The softkey number is not recognized by the cable TV analyzer.
9 Options and Accessories
Options and Accessories What You’ll Find in This Chapter Many options and accessories are available to enhance the cable TV analyzer so that it will better meet the needs of your application. This chapter contains a list of the available options for your cable TV analyzer, followed by a list of some of the available accessories.
I- -I Options Options can be ordered by option number when you order the cable TV analyzer. Some of the options are also available as kits that can be ordered and installed after you have received your cable TV analyzer. The options are listed numerically by their option number. Tracking Generator (Option 0 11) Option 011 provides a 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz built-in tracking generator. Option 011 has 753 output impedance.
I- -I Options and Accessories Options connector for an external keyboard, an HP-IB connector, and the HP 8590 E-Series and L-Series Spectrum Analyzers and HP 8591C Cable TV Analyzer Programmer’s Guide. Option 021 is also available as a retrofit kit (Option R21) after the purchase of your cable TV analyzer, or as a kit HP part number 5062-6454. Note that Option 021 deletes the RS-232 interface that is standard with the HP 8591C cable TV analyzer.
-I IOptions and Accessories Options Narrow Resolution Bandwidths (Option 130) This option provides additional narrow resolution bandwidths of 30 Hz, 100 Hz, and 300 Hz. These bandwidths improve the cable TV analyzer sensitivity and allow you to resolve closely spaced signals. Option 130 is also available as a retrofit kit (Option R30) after the purchase of your cable TV analyzer, or as a kit HP part number 5063-0246.
I- -I Options and Accessories Options Rack Mount Kit With Handles (Option 909) Option 909 is the same as Option 908 but includes front handles for added convenience. Option 909 is also available as a kit (HP part number 5062-4840).
I- -I Accessories A number of accessories are available from Hewlett-Packard to help you configure your cable TV analyzer for your specific applications. They can be ordered through your local HP Sales and Service Office. RF Bridges The HP 86207A 750 RF bridge can be used to make reflection measurements with the cable TV analyzer. This external directional bridge offers high directivity and excellent port match. The HP 86207A operates over a frequency range of 300 kHz to 3 GHz.
I- -I Options and Accessories Accessories External Keyboard The HP C1405A Option ABA/O03 keyboard is an IBM AT compatible keyboard that can be connected to the external keyboard connector of the rear panel of the cable TV analyzer. Screen titles and remote programming commands can be entered easily with the external keyboard. HP-IB Cable Fbr use with Option 021. The HP 10833 HP-IB cables interconnect HP-IB devices and are available in four different lengths.
IOptions and Accessories Accessories Memory Cards Blank memory cards are available for the storage and transfer of data and programs. Several different sizes of cards are available for use with the memory card reader. See Table 9-l. Table 9-1. Plotter The HP ColorPro 7440A graphics plotter adds a color plot capability to the cable TV analyzer for permanent records of important measurements. The eight-pen HP ColorPro plotter produces color plots with 0.025 mm (0.001 inch) resolution on either 8.
-I IOptions and Accessories Printer The HP LaserJet series printers are also compatible as are the HP ThinkJet, HP QuietJet and HP QuietJet Plus printers. The HP 3630A PaintJet printer provides high-resolution color printing. The printers can be ordered with HP-E! or RS-232 interfaces to correspond to the interface installed on the cable TV analyzer.
-I I- Glossary
-I Glossary absolute amplitude accuracy The degree of correctness or uncertainty (expressed in either volts or dB power). It includes relative uncertainties plus calibrator uncertainty. For improved accuracy, some analyzers specify frequency response relative to the calibrator as well as relative to the midpoint between peak-to-peak extremes. Refer also to relative amplitude accuracy. active function readout The area of a display screen where the active function and its state are displayed.
-I I- analog display A display where the trace data is generated by deflecting the electron beam to match the signal amplitude as it sweeps across the screen. The refresh rate of the trace data is equal to the analyzer sweep rate. Refer also to CRT persistence. ASCII The acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is an eight-part code (7 bits plus parity check) used for data (information) interchange.
I- -I broadband response A signal whose spectrum is wider than the resolution bandwidth of an analyzer, and whose repetition frequency is lower than the bandwidth of the analyzer. Notice that it is a combination of signal and receiver characteristics that determines when a signal is classified as broadband. For refining incoming signal responses, select narrower spans and bandwidths. Refer also to narrowband response.
I- -I CISPR The acronym for the Comite International Special des Perturbations Radio-electriques (International Special Committee on Radio Interference) or the International Commercial EMC Advisory Committee. clear-write mode This is an analyzer function that clears the specified trace (A, B, or C) from the display, then sweeps (updates) the trace each time trigger conditions are met. When trigger conditions are met, the new input-signal data is displayed, then cleared, and the process begins again.
-I I- correction factor The factor by which a measurement reading must be multiplied to correct for the effects of errors due to analyzer circuitry. This factor is the product of the ratio and phase-angle correction factors for the existing conditions of operation. CRT persistence An indication of the rate at which the image fades on the display.
I- -I detector mode The manner in which analog, video information is processed prior to being digitized and stored in memory. Refer also to negative peak, positive peak, quasi-peak detector, rose-n-fell, and sample. digital display A display that uses vectors drawn between a series of data points (analog video) that are first digitized and stored in memory, then displayed. The number of stored data points is a function of the particular analyzer.
I- -I displayed average noise level The noise level viewed on the analyzer’s display after narrowing the video bandwidth setting enough to reduce the peak-to-peak noise fluctuations. The resulting noise display is essentially a straight line. Usually this term refers to the analyzer’s own internally generated noise as a measure of sensitivity. It is typically specified in dBm under conditions of minimum resolution bandwidth and minimum input attenuation. DLP The abbreviation for downloadable program.
I- -I envelope detector A detector circuit whose output follows the envelope, but not the instantaneous variation of its input signal. This detector is sometimes called a peak detector. In superheterodyne analyzers, the input to the envelope detector comes from the final IF, and the output is a video signal. When we put the analyzer in zero span, the envelope detector demodulates the input signal, and we can observe the modulating signal as a function of time on the display.
I- -I Fourier transform See FFT. frequency accuracy The uncertainty with which the frequency of a signal or spectraI component is indicated, either in an absolute sense or relative to some other signal or spectral component. Absolute and relative frequency accuracies are specified independently. frequency range The range over of frequencies which the analyzer performance is specified. The maximum frequency range of many microwave analyzers can be extended with the application of external mixers.
I- -I front-panel key Keys, typically labeled, and located on the front panel of an instrument. The key labels identify the function the key activities. Numeric keys and step keys are two examples of front- panel keys. full span A mode of operation in which the analyzer scans the entire frequency band of an analyzer. function The action or purpose which a specific item is intended to perform or serve.
-I I- HP-IB The abbreviation for Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus. It is a HewlettPackard proprietary parallel interface that allows you to “daisy-chain” more than one device to a port on a computer or instrument. IF The abbreviation for intermediate frequency. An IF frequency is a frequency to which a signal wave is shifted locally as an intermediate step in transmission or reception. On analyzers, this is the frequency resulting from conversion before demodulation.
I- -I incidental FM Undesired frequency modulation on the output of a device (for example a signal source or an amplifier) caused by or, incidental to, some other form of modulation, such as amplitude modulation. input attenuator An attenuator between the input connector and the first mixer of an analyzer (also called an RF attenuator), The input attenuator is used to adjust the signal level incident to the first mixer, and to prevent gain compression due to high-level or broadband signals.
I- -I limit line A test limit made up of a series of line segments, positioned according to frequency and amplitude within the analyzer measurement range. Two defined limit lines may be displayed simultaneously. One sets an upper test limit, the other sets a lower test limit. Trace data can be compared with the limit lines as the analyzer sweeps.
I- LO The abbreviation for local oscillator. The local oscillator output in a superheterodyne system is mixed with the received signal to produce a sum or difference equal to the intermediate frequency (IF) of the receiver. Refer also to IF. LO feedthrough The response that occurs on an analyzer’s display when the first local oscillator frequency is equal to the first IF.
-I I- measurement bandwidth The resolution bandwidth required for a specific EM1 measurement. For MIL-STD measurements, the resolution bandwidth is often determined by the tester with the approval of the contracting agency.
I- -I menu The analyzer functions that appear on the display and are selected by pressing front-panel keys. These selections may evoke a series of other related functions that establish groups called menus. narrowband response A response measured under conditions in which there is only one spectral component at a time in the passband of an analyzer’s resolution filter.
-I noise marker A marker whose readout represents the noise level in a 1 Hz noise power bandwidth. When the noise marker is selected, the sample display detection mode is activated, the values of a number of consecutive trace points about the marker (the number depends on the type of analyzer) are averaged, and this average value is normalized to an equivalent value in a 1 Hz noise power bandwidth.
-I I- parameter units Standard units of measure, which include the following: Measured Parameter frequency power level power ratio voltage time electrical current impedance [resistance] Unit Name hertz decibel relative to milliwets decibel volt second ampere ohm Unit Abbreviation HZ dBm dB v ii n peak detection mode The analyzer state where circuits calculate the peak value of a displayed signal. This value is determined by evaluating a series of measured values from an active trace.
-I I- phase noise Refer to noise sidebands position units The position unit describes the location of a point along the horizontal axis of a trace. Position unit values of a trace begin on the left-hand side of the graticule and increase to a predefined value (specific to the analyzer model) on the right-hand side of the graticule. positive peak The maximum, instantaneous value of an incoming signal.
-I random-access memory RAM (random-access memory) or read-write memory, is a storage area allowing access to any of its storage locations. Data can be written to or retrieved from RAM, but data storage is only temporary. When the power is removed, the information disappears. User-generated information appearing on a display is RAM data.
-I I- residual FM The inherent short-term frequency instability of an oscillator in the absence of any other modulation. In the case of analyzers, we usually expand the definition to include the case where the local oscillator is swept. Residual FM is usually specified in peak-to-peak values, because they are most easily measured on the display, if they are visible at all. residual responses These are discrete responses seen on an analyzer display although no input signal is applied.
-I I- scale factor The per-division calibration of the vertical axis of the display. scan (frequency span) linearity The measured accuracy of the horizontal axis of the analyzer display. When two horizontal points are set with analyzer controls, then measured, the linearity is the calculated error between the two points compared with the analyzer settings. selectivity See bandwidth selectivity.
-I I- single-sweep mode The analyzer sweeps once when trigger conditions are met. Each sweep is initiated by pressing an appropriate front-panel key, or by sending a programming command. sinusoid A wave whose electric-field vector is proportional to the sine (or cosine) of an angle that is a linear function of tune, or distance or both. softkey Key labels displayed on a screen or monitor which are activated by mechanical keys surrounding the display, or located on a keyboard.
I- -I spectrum analyzer A device that effectively performs a Fourier transform and displays the individual spectral components (sine waves) that constitute a time-domain signal. spurious response The undesired responses that appear on an analyzer display as a result of the input signal. Internally generated distortion products are spurious responses, as are image and multiple responses. These can be either harmonic responses or nonharmonic responses.
-I I- sweep time The time it takes the local oscillator to tune across the selected span. Sweep time directly affects how long it takes to complete a measurement. It does not include the dead time between the completion of one sweep and the start of the next. It is usually a function of frequency span, resolution bandwidth, and video bandwidth. Resolution affects sweep time in that the IF filters are band-limited circuits requiring finite times to charge and discharge.
I- -I TO1 Third order intermodulation distortion occurs in a system where two signals are present. The distortion products are a result of each signal mixing with the other’s second harmonic. If the two main signals are of equal power, the two third order distortion products will also be of equal power. As the power of the two main signals is increased by an equal amount, the power of the distortion products will increase three times that amount.
I- vector display The display type where the electron beam is directed so the image (consisting of trace, graticule, and annotation) is written directly onto the display face. It is not created from a series of dots as with the raster display. video A term describing the output of an analyzer’s envelope detector. The frequency range extends from 0 Hz to a frequency that is typically well beyond the widest resolution bandwidth available in the analyzer.
-I I- video filter A post-detection, low-pass Elter that determines the bandwidth of the video amplifier. It is used to average or smooth a trace. Refer also to video bandwidth. windows display mode A display mode of the analyzers where the screen area is split into two separate displays. This allows two different frequency spans to be viewed simultaneously. The analyzer state of the two displays can be set independently.
-I Index
-I Index 1 10 MHz reference DAC setting, 6-22 10 MHz REF OUTPUT, 2-8 + 1OV REF DETECTOR, 6-4, 6-6 - IOV REF DETECTOR, 6-4, 6-6 120 kHz EMI BW, 6-7 2 200 Hz EMI BW, 6-7 2v REF DETECTOR, 6-4, 6-7 3 3 dB bandwidth measurement, 6-99 7 75Q RF bridge, 9-7 9 9 kHz EMI BW, 6-7 A A <-> B, 6-7 A-B + A ON OFF, 6-8 A + C, 6-8 ABCDEF, 6-9 accessories AC power source, 9-7 external keyboard, 9-8 HP-IB cable, 9-8 memory card, 9-9 plotter, 9-9 printer, 9- 10 rack slide kit, 9- 10 RF bridge, 9-7 RS-232 cable, 9- 10 tran
-I I- adjacent channel power, 6-9 extended dynamic range, 6-10 using, 5-69-73 adjacent channel power graph, 6-9 adjacent channel power measurement, 5-67 adjacent channel power ratio, 6-9 ADJ CHAN POWER, 6-9 ADJ CHAN PWR extd, 6-10 ALC MTR INT XTAL, 6-12 ALC TEST, 6-4, 6-12 aliasing FFT function, 5-5 signal identification, 6-133 ALL DLP i CARD, 3-28, 6-12 alpha characters, 6-9, 6-79, 6.
-I I- creating, 3-58 amplitude corrections creating, 3-60 editing, 3-59 amplitude demodulation, 6-54 amplitude menus, 6-13 amplitude modulation, 6-6 amplitude modulation measurement, 5-59 amplitude scale, B-126 amplitude self-calibration, 6-21 amplitude units, 6.
I- ANNOTATN ON OFF, 6m 16 APND CAT ITEM, 6-16 ATTEN AUTO MAN, 6m 17 attenuation coupling, 6.17 attenuator-error factors, 6.
-I C cable TV analyzer error messages, 8- 14 CAL, 2-21, 6-21 CAL AMPTD, l-13, 2-22, 6-21 CAL FETCH, 2-22, 6-21 CAL FREQ, l-13, 2-22, 6-22 CAL FREQ & AMPTD, l-14, 2-21, 6-22 calibration, 6-21 attenuator-error factors, 6-131 self-calibration routines, 2-21 CAL OUT, 2-5 CAL STORE, l-15, 2-22, 6-22 CAL TIMEBASE, 6-3, 6-22 CAL TRK GEN, 1-15, l-16, 2-24, 6-22 card changing the battery, 2-28 inserting a memory card, 2-27 Card Config, 6-23 CARD -DISPLAY, 6-23 CARD i DLP, 6-24 CARD - STATE, 6-24 Card - Trace, 6-25
-I I- using, 5-74-76 CHANNEL POWER, 6-38 channel power measurement, 5-6’7 CHANNEL SPACING, 6-39 characters, 6-9, 6-79, 6.
-I hi sweep in/out, 2-9 HP-IB interface, 2-9 monitor output, 2-8 sweep output, 2-9 TV trig output, 2-7 connector, auxiliary interface, 6-19 continuous sweep, 6-139 CONTINUS FFT, 6-45 CONT MEAS, 6-44 control functions, 2-5 control line A auxiliary interface, 6-43 control line B auxiliary interface, 6-43 control line C auxiliary interface, 6.43 control line D auxiliary interface, 6.
-I I- D DAC extra fine-tune, 6-154 fine tune, 6-72 sweep time, 6-140 DACS, 6-4, 6-50 data controls, 2-10 data keys, 2-5, 2-11 data protection, 3-13 data recall, 6-120 data transmission speed, 6-20 DATEMODE MDY DMY, 6-50 dBm, 6-50 dBmV, 6-50 dBuV, 6-50 deactivate function, 2- 10 deactivating the active function, 6-80 DEFAULT CAL DATA, 6-50, 8-8 DEFAULT CONFIG, 6-51 DEFAULT SYNC, 6-51 Define Coupling, 6-52 Define Gate, 6-52 Define Time, 6-52 delay GATE DELAY, 6-77 delaying sweep, time gate utility, 6- 139 D
-I deskjet printer, 6-54 detection mode negative peak, 6-55 positive peak, 6-55 sample, 6-55 DETECTOR PK SP NG, 6-55 determining gate delay, 5-39 determining gate length, 5-39 disable peak detector reset, 6-57 display analog+, 6-14 cataloging, 6-28 two windows, 6.
-I I- E earphone connector, 2-8 EDGE POL POS NEG, 6-58 edge triggering time gate utility, 6-58 edge triggering, gate control, 6-76 Edit Amp Cor, 3-61, 6-58 EDIT CAT ITEM, 6-58 Edit Done, 6-59 EDIT DONE, 3-38, 3-48, 3-60, 3-64, 6-59 EDIT FLATNESS, 6-3, 6-59 editing DLPs, 6-63 editing amplitude corrections, 3-59 editing limit lines, 3-37 EDIT LAST, 6-60 Edit Limit, 3-39, 6-60 Edit Lower, 3-41, 6-60 Edit Lower limit line format, 3-44 Edit Mid/Delt , 3-4 1, 6-6 1 Edit Mid/Delt limit line format, 3-45 Editor,
I- ERASE STATE, 6-67 ERASE STATEALL, 6-67 ERASE TRACE, 6-67 ERASE TRACEALL, 6-67 erase user programs and variables, 6-56 ESD, 1-39 reducing damage caused by ESD, 1-39 static-safe accessories, l-40 static-safe work station, l-40 exchange trace A and B, 6-7 exchange trace B and C, 6- 19 execute a command front panel, 6-69 EXECUTE TITLE, 6-3, 6-69 EXIT, 6-69 Exit Catalog, 6-69 EXIT SHOW, 6-69 EXIT UTILITY, 6-69 expanding a window, 6- 156 EXT ALC INPUT, 2-7 EXTERNAL, 6-70 external keyboard, 3-65, Q-8 prefix en
I- -I FFT Menu, 6-71 FFT OFF, 6-72 FFT STOP FREQ, 6-72 fine-focus control, 2- 12 FINE TUNE DAC, 6-4, 6-72 firmware date, 1-13 fixed, limit line type, 6-83 fix-tuned receiver, 4-37 FLAT, 3-46, 6-73 flatness factory defaults, 6-81 flatness correction constants, 6-59, 6-73 Flatness Data, 6-3, 6-73 FM COIL DRIVE, 6-4, 6-73 FM GAIN, 5-25, 6-4, 6-73 FM OFFSET, 6-5, 6-73 FM SPAN, 6-5, 6-74 FORMAT CARD, 3-18, 6-74 format date, 6-50 Fourier transform See also fast Fourier transform, 6-71 Fourier transform measurem
-I I- G gain internal analyzer, 6-16 gate coupling functions, 6-52 using the gate utility, 5-28 gate control, 6-52 edge or level triggering, 6-76 time-gated capability, 5-58 Gate Control, 6-76 GATE CTL EDGE LVL, 6-76 operation, 5-53 gate definition, 6-52 gate delay determining the gate delay, 5-39 setting gate delay outside the Gate Utility, 5-50 GATE DELAY, 6-77 gate length determining the gate length, 5-39 setting gate length outside the Gate Utility, 5-50 GATE LENGTH, 6-77 GATE ON OFF, 6-78 GATE OUTPUT
-I I- HP B&&W PRINTER, 6-131 HP-IB address, 6-16 HP-IB cable, 9-8 HP-IB interface connector, 2-Q HP-IB (Option OZI), 9-3 HP PaintJet, 6- 105 1 identifying distortion products, 4-30 identify the signal FFT, 6-133 IDNUM, 6-3, 6-81 impact cover (Option 040), Q-4 impulse noise measurement, 4-27 increase frequency readout resolution, 4-9 informational messages, 8-14 INIT FLT, 6-3, 6-81 initial inspection, 1-5 INPUT 75 R, 2-5 input and output auxiliary control, B-19 input attenuation control, 6-17 input impedan
-I I- L label, softkey, 2-4 laserjet plots, 6-l 10 LAST SPAN, 6-83 length GATE LENGTH, 6-77 level triggering, gate control, 6-76 LIMIT FAIL, 3-33 limit-line functions, 3-39-48 limit lines, 3-33 amplitude coordinate, 3.44 cataloging, 6-30 creating, 3-34, 3-38 delete segment, 6-53 displaying, 3-48, 6-85 edit done, 6-59 editing, 3-37 edit lower table, 6.60 edit mid/delta amplitude, 6.
I- using SAVE LIMIT, 3-48 Limit Lines, 6-83 LIMIT LINES, 3-39, 6-83 LIMIT PASS, 3-33 LIMITS FIX REL, 3-36, 3-40, 6-83 LIMITS FRQ TIME, 3-35, 3-40, 6-85 LINE, 6-85 linear scale, 6-126 LINE front-panel key, 2-6 LINE switch, 2-6 line voltage selector switch, 1-8 list of markers, 6-96 marker table, 3-4 list of peaks, 6-109 peak table, 3-6 LMT DISP Y N AUTO, 3-48, 6-85 LMT TEST ON OFF, 3-38, 3-48, 6-86 LOAD FILE, 6-86 (LOCAL).
-I FFT, 6-71 gate utility trigger, 6-148 list of, 6-96 menu of controls, 6.98 menu of functions, 6-98 selection, 6- 127 table, 6-96 time gate utility, 6-93 trace selection, 6-97 zeroing delta marker in the gate utility, 6-154 MARKER A, 4-18, 6-89 MARKER AdSPAN, B-90 MARKER ALL OFF, 6.92 MARKER AMPTD, 6-92 marker counter, 4-9, 6-95 resolution, 6-43 use with time-gated capability, 5-34 marker delta, 4-18 marker functions, 2-5 marker noise, 6-96 use with time-gated capability, 5-34 MARKER NORMAL, 2-19, 6.
-I I- maximum mixer level, 6-94 MAX MXR LVL, 6-94 MEAS OFF, 6-94 measuring amplitude modulation, 5-3 measuring low-level signals, 4-22 MEASAJSER, 6-94 MEM LOCKED, 6-95, 6-123 memory amount available, 6-29 memory card battery, 2-28 blank card, 3-18 card configuration, 6-23 catalog display images, 6-28 catalog DLPs, 6-28 catalog functions, 6-26 cataloging, 3-18, 6-28 cataloging amplitude correction factor files, 6-26 catalog liiit lines, 6-30 catalog states, 6-34 catalog traces, 6-34 changing the battery, 2
I- message block, 2-3 mid/delta limit line editing amplitude, 6-61 mid/delta limit-line format, 3-42 MIN HOLD C, 4-17, 6-95 minimum hold, 4-13 minimum to marker, 6-91 mixer input level maximum, 6-94 MK COUNT ON OFF, 4-9, 6-95 MK NOISE ON OFF, 696 MK PAUSE ON OFF, 6-96 MKR, 2-19, 6-98 MK READ F T I P, 6-96 MKR FCTN, 6-98 MKR+, 6-98 MK TABLE ON OFF, 6-96 MK TRACE AUTO ABC, 6.97 MK TRACK ON OFF, 4-13, 6-97 MNOPQR, 6-98 MODE, 2-4, 6-98 model specific preset conditions, 6.
I- -I 0 OCC BW % POWER, 6-102 OCCUPIED BANDWDTH, 6-102 occupied bandwidth using, 5-68-69 occupied power bandwidth measurement, 5-6’7 ON, 6-103 ONCYCLE command, 6-31 ONDELAY command, 6-31 ONEOS command, 6-31 on event commands ONCYCLE, 6-31 ONDELAY, 6-31 ONEOS, 6-31 ONMKR, 6-31 ONPWRUP, 6-31 ONSRQ, 6-31 ONSWP, 6-31 ONTIME, 6-31 TRMATH, 6-31 ONMKR command, 6-31 on/off switch, 2-6 ONPWRUP command, 6-31 on-screen signal positioning horizontal, 6-49 vertical, 6-49 ONSRQ command, 6-31 ONSWP command, 6-31 ONTIME
-I p PaintJet printer, 6-131 PAINTJET PRINTER, B-105 PAL, 6-105 PAL-M, 6-106 PAL video format, 6-141 PARAM AUTO MAN, 6-106 pass code, 6-50 peak next, 6- 100 next left, 6-100 next right, 6-100 peak detection mode positive/negative, 6-55 PEAK EXCURSN, 6-106 Peak Menu, 6- 107 peak response routine, 6-148 peak search outside of the zone, 6-155, 6.156 PEAK SEARCH, 2-19, 6.
-I I- positive peak detection mode, 6-55 power bandwidth, 6- 102 power bandwidth measurement, 5-67 power cable, 1-l 1 power input, 2-8 power measurement, 6.
-I I- deskjet, I-25 epson, 1-25 laserjet, 1-25 paintjet, 1-25 thinkjet, 1-25 printing, parallel deskjet, 1-33 epson, 1-33 Iaserjet, I-33 paintjet, 1-33 thinkjet, 1-33 printing, RS-232 deskjet, l-17 epson , l-17 laserjet , l-17 paintjet , l-17 thinkjet, l-17 print menu, 6-l 17 PROBE PWR, 2-5 program cataloging, 6-25 program (DLP) editor, 6-63 program editing and creating, 6-63 programming command dispose all , 6-65, 6-66, 6-67 front panel execution, 6-69 programming command entry, external keyboard, 3-69 p
-I I- R rack mount kit (Option 908) 9-5 rack mount kit with handles (Option 909) 9-6 rack slide kit, 9-10 ratio video bandwidth to resolution bandwidth, 6-151 real-time clock, 6-143 set date, 6-132 set time, 6-132 time and date display, 6-143 rear-panel battery information label, 2-31 rear-panel features, 2-7-9 RECALL, 2-4, 6-120 RECALL AMP COR, 6-120 recalling a display image from the memory card, 3-25, 6-23 recalling a DLP from the memory card, 6-24 recalling amplitude correction factors from analyzer m
-I I- RF OUT 75 Q, 2-5 RPG knob, 2- 10 RPG TITLE, 6-123 RS-232 cable, 9-10 RS-232 interface connector.
-I I- RPG TITLE, 6-123 screen title, using an external keyboard, 3-68 SECAM-L, 6-127 segment deletion, 6-53 SELECT 1 2 3 4, 6.
I- -I SHOW OPTIONS, 6-133 signal comparison, 4- 18 SIGNAL ID, 6- 133 signal peak highest, 6-135 signal tracking, 4- 11, 6- 108.
-I stop frequency, fft, 6-72 store correction factors, 6-22 storing display, 6-56 storing the correction factors CAL STORE, l-15 STOR PWR ON UNITS, 6-3, 6.
-I time domain window definition, 6-52 gate utility, 6-52 time gate definition of, 6-52 delay, 6-77 gate on/off, 6-78 length, 6-77 triggering, 6-76 using the gate utility, 5-28 time-gated functional check, 5-56 self-calibration routines, 5.
-I I- TRACE A, 6-145 TRACE A B C, 6-145 trace B maximum hold, 6-94 TRACE B, 6- 145 trace C minimum hold, 6-95 TRACE C, 6-145 trace modes, 2-14 trace registers locking, 6- 123 Trace + Card, 6-146 Trace 3 Intrnl, 6-147 Track Gen, 5-15, 6-147 tracking generator, 6-147 external leveling input, 2-7 frequency adjustment, 6-88 internal/external leveling, 6.
-I gate: edge or level, 6-76 gate utility, 6-58 triggering on a selected line, video picture field, 5-26 trigger modes, 2-13, 2-14 TRIG MKR ON OFF, 6-148 TRMATH command, 6-31 turning off markers, 6-92 turning off the FFT function, 6-72 turning off windows display, 6- 154 turning on the analyzer for the first time, l-13 turn off active function, 2-10 TV LINE #, 6-149 TV Standard, 6-149 TVSTND, 5-27 TV SYNC NEG POS, 6- 149 TV trig even field, 6- 150 NTSC video format, 6-102 odd field, 6- 150 PAL-M video form
I- -I using limit-line functions, 3-33 using the GATE CTL EDGE LVL, 5-58 using the level gate control, 5-58 using the self-calibration routines with time-gated capability, 5-54 V V, 6-151 variable cataloging, 6-25 VBW/RBW RATIO, 6- 151 verification manual see Calibration Guide, 9-6 vertical signal positioning, 6-49 VHS video output, 6-141 VID AVG ON OFF, 6-151 VID BW AUTO MAN, 6-152 VIDEO, 6-153 video averaging, 4-28, 6-151 video bandwidth, 6- 152 video bandwidth coupling, 6- 17 gate utility, 6-49 video b
I- -I X X FINE TUNE DAC, 6-5, 6-154 y YZ-# Spc Clear, 6-154 Z ZERO MARKER, 6-154 ZERO SPAN, 4-11, 6-154 ZONE CENTER, 6- 155 ZONE PK LEFT, 6-155 ZONE PK RIGHT, 6- 156 ZONE SPAN, 6- 156 ZOOM, 6- 156 zooming a window, 6-156 Index-34
