iTP Secure WebServer System Administrators Guide (Version 7.5+)

Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML).
The tagging language used to format Hypertext documents on the World Wide Web. It is built
on top of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
Hypertext
Transport Protocol
(HTTP).
The communications protocol used for transmitting data between servers and Web clients
(browsers) on the World Wide Web.
IEEE. See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Institute of
Electrical and
Electronics
Engineers (IEEE).
An international industry group that develops standards for many areas of electrical engineering
and computers.
Instrumentation. The procedure of collecting statistics from the desired WebServer on certain configured parameters
Internet address. The 32-bit address assigned to hosts that want to participate in the Internet using TCP/IP. Internet
addresses are the abstraction of physical hardware addresses, just as the Internet is an abstraction
of physical networks. Actually assigned to the interconnection of a host to a physical network,
an Internet address consists of a network portion and a host portion. The partition makes routing
efficient.
Internet Protocol
(IP).
The Internet standard protocol that defines the Internet datagram as the unit of information passed
across the Internet and that provides the basis for the Internet connectionless, best-effort packet
delivery service.
Internet. Physically, a collection of packet-switching networks interconnected by gateways, along with
protocols that allow them to function logically as a single, large, virtual network. When written
in uppercase, INTERNET refers specifically to the DARPA Internet and the TCP/IP protocols it
uses.
interoperability. The ability of software and hardware on multiple machines from multiple vendors to communicate
meaningfully.
IP. See Internet Protocol (IP).
ITU-T. A division of the United Nations International Telecommunications Union that coordinates
standards-setting activities.
Joint Photographic
Expert Group
(JPEG).
An image format used to transmit graphics on the World Wide Web (WWW).
JPEG. See Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG).
key database file. The file in which you maintain keys you generated using the keyadmin command with either the
-mkpair or -keydb argument. These are the keys you use to generate certificates for software
encryption.
Key Exchange Key
(KEK).
An encryption key used to encrypt other keys.
local area network
(LAN).
Any physical network technology that operates at high speed (usually from tens of megabits per
second to several gigabits per second) over short distances (up to a few thousand meters).
Mosaic. See browser.
Nagle’s Algorithm. Nagle's algorithm is a means of improving the efficiency of TCP/IP networks by reducing the
number of packets that must be sent over the network. This algorithm provides a relief for
'small-packet' problem by controlling the congestion in TCP/IP. The 'small packet' problem arises
when an application repeatedly emits data in small chunks, frequently only 1 byte in size. Since
TCP packets have a 40 byte header (20 bytes for TCP, 20 bytes for IPv4), this results in a 41
byte packet for 1 byte of useful information, a huge overhead. The situation becomes worse, over
slow links, where many such packets can be in transit at the same time, potentially leading to
congestion collapse.
Nagle's algorithm works by coalescing a number of small outgoing messages, and sending them
all at once. Specifically, as long as there is a sent packet for which the sender has received no
acknowledgment, the sender should keep buffering its output until it has a full packet's worth of
output, so that output can be sent all at once.
Netscape. See browser.
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