SQL/MX 3.2 Management Manual (H06.25+, J06.14+)
Table Of Contents
- HP NonStop SQL/MX Release 3.2 Management Guide
- Contents
- About This Manual
- 1 Introduction to SQL/MX Database Management
- 2 Understanding and Planning SQL/MX Tables
- Planning Object Naming
- Understanding SQL/MX Table and File Structures
- Using Keys in SQL/MX Tables and Indexes
- The Key-Sequenced File Structure
- Planning Table and Index Partitioning
- Determining a Database Layout
- Using SQL/MX Tables
- Using Views
- Determining When to Use Indexes
- 3 Planning Database Security and Recovery
- Planning Database Security
- Planning Database Recovery
- Using TMF for Transaction Recovery, Database Consistency, and Database Recovery
- Using RDF to Set Up a Backup System
- Using Backup and Restore 2 for SQL/MX Database Recovery
- Frequency of Backups
- Backup Objects Hierarchy
- SQL/MX Objects Backed Up Explicitly
- SQL/MX Objects Backed Up Implicitly
- SQL/MX Objects Not Restored by BRCOM
- Other Restrictions on Backup and Restore 2 Operations
- Backing Up and Restoring OSS Program Files and SPJs
- Using the RESTORE SHOWDDL ON Option to Re-Create Objects
- 4 Reviewing and Setting System Defaults
- 5 Creating an SQL/MX Database
- Preparing to Create Your SQL/MX Database
- SQL/MX Subvolume and File Naming Guidelines
- Creating SQL/MX Metadata
- Creating Catalogs
- Creating Schemas
- Access Privileges for SQL/MX Database Objects
- Creating SQL/MX Tables
- Security Rules for Creating and Altering SQL/MX Tables
- Creating and Using Keys
- Creating and Using a Primary Key
- Example for Creating an SQL/MX Table With a User-Defined Primary Key
- Creating and Using a Clustering Key
- Example for Creating an SQL/MX Table Using the STORE BY Clause
- Using the SYSKEY
- Creating and Using a Partitioning Key
- Partially Decoupling the Clustering Key and the Partitioning Key
- Creating and Managing Partitions for SQL/MX Tables
- Performance Benefits of Partitioning
- Restrictions on Creating and Placing Partitions
- Naming Partitions
- Recommended Maximum Number of Partitions
- Prohibition Against Using Floating-Point Columns in Partitioning Keys
- Using HASHPARTFUNC to Plan and Build Hash-Partitioned Tables
- Using DDL_DEFAULT_LOCATIONS to Distribute Primary Range Partitions
- Special Considerations for Decision Support Systems (DSS) Applications
- Examples for Creating Partitioned SQL/MX Tables
- Additional Guidelines for Creating Tables
- Managing Table Data
- Creating Indexes for SQL/MX Tables
- Creating Constraints on SQL/MX Tables
- Creating Views of SQL/MX Tables
- Creating Triggers
- Creating Stored Procedures in Java
- Database Design Guidelines for Improving OLTP Performance
- Accessing an SQL/MP Database From NonStop SQL/MX
- 6 Querying SQL/MX Metadata
- Commands for Displaying Information
- SQL/MX Metadata Tables
- Understanding ANSI External and Internal Names
- Displaying System Schema Information
- Displaying Catalog Information
- Displaying Schema Information
- Displaying Users With Catalog and Schema Creation Rights
- Displaying Table Information
- Displaying Information About Views
- Displaying Information About SQL/MP Aliases
- Displaying Information About SPJs
- Displaying Index Information
- Displaying Partition Information
- Displaying Constraint Information
- Displaying Column Information
- Displaying all Columns in a Table
- Displaying all Columns in a View
- Displaying all Columns in an Index
- Displaying all Columns in a Primary Key or Unique Constraint
- Displaying all Columns in a NOT NULL Constraint
- Displaying all Columns in a Referential Integrity Constraint
- Displaying the Attributes of a Column
- Displaying all Tables Containing a Selected Column
- Displaying Information About Privileges
- Displaying Object Integrity and Consistency
- Displaying Version Numbers
- 7 Adding, Altering, and Dropping SQL/MX Database Objects
- Planning Operations on SQL/MX Objects
- Adding Objects to an SQL/MX Database
- Authorization Requirements for Adding Database Objects
- Adding Catalogs
- Adding Columns to an SQL/MX Table
- Adding Constraints
- Adding Indexes to SQL/MX Tables
- Adding Partitions to SQL/MX Tables and Indexes
- Adding Schemas
- Adding SQL/MP Aliases
- Adding Stored Procedures in Java (SPJs)
- Adding SQL/MX Tables
- Adding Triggers
- Adding Views
- Altering Objects in an SQL/MX Database
- Authorization Requirements for Altering Database Objects
- Altering SQL/MX Indexes
- Altering Partitions for SQL/MX Tables and Indexes
- Altering SQL/MP Aliases
- Altering SPJs
- Altering System Defaults
- Altering SQL/MX Tables
- Altering Triggers
- Altering Views
- Dropping Objects From an SQL/MX Database
- Authorization Requirements for Dropping Database Objects
- Dropping Catalogs
- Dropping Columns from an SQL/MX Table
- Dropping Constraints
- Dropping SQL/MX Indexes
- Dropping Partitions for SQL/MX Tables and Indexes
- Dropping Schemas
- Dropping SQL/MP Aliases
- Dropping SPJs
- Dropping SQL/MX Tables
- Dropping Triggers
- Dropping Views
- 8 Reorganizing SQL/MX Tables and Maintaining Data
- Purging Dropped Tables From the DDL Directory
- Using FUP RELOAD to Reorganize Tables
- DDL Lock Considerations for MODIFY, import, POPULATE INDEX, DUP, FASTCOPY, and PURGEDATA
- Using MODIFY to Manage Table and Index Partitions
- MODIFY and EMS Messages
- Online and Offline Partition Management
- MODIFY and TMF
- MODIFY and Table Reloading
- Recovering a Failed MODIFY Request and Resetting Flags
- Using MODIFY to Manage Range-Partitioned Tables and Indexes
- Examples of Using MODIFY With Range-Partitioned Tables
- Example of Adding a New Range Partition
- Example of Dropping an Existing Empty Range Partition
- Example of Moving an Existing Partition to a New Location
- Example of Splitting an Existing Range Partition and Merging the First or Last Part to an Existing Partition
- Example of Merging Two Adjacent Range Partitions Into One Range Partition
- Example of Reusing an Existing Range Partition by Setting the FIRST KEY Values to New Values
- Examples of Using MODIFY With Range-Partitioned Indexes
- Examples of Using MODIFY With Range-Partitioned Tables
- Using MODIFY to Manage Hash-Partitioned Tables and Indexes
- Managing System-Clustered Tables and Indexes
- Using import to Load SQL/MX Tables
- Guidelines for Using import
- Summary of import Options
- Other import Features
- Recommended Practices for Improving import Performance
- Running import on Empty Tables
- Running import on Populated Tables
- Managing Partitions to Improve import Performance
- Managing Constraints to Improve import Performance
- Managing Indexes to Improve import Performance
- Managing Triggers to Improve import Performance
- Managing Data Types to Improve import Performance
- Using import to Load Partitions
- Support for restarting import
- Examples of Using import to Load an SQL/MX Table
- Using import to Append Data to Tables or Partitions
- Using DUP to Copy Tables Into Tables
- Using FASTCOPY to Copy Tables into Tables
- Using PURGEDATA to Delete Data From Tables
- 9 Managing Database Applications
- Writing SQL/MX Applications to Recover From Temporary Network or Hardware Service Interruptions
- Moving Programs From Development to Production
- Distributing Programs Across Nodes
- Ensuring Proper Name Resolution
- Assigning Permissions for Running Database Applications
- Maintaining Query Execution Plan Validity
- Managing Modules
- Producing Locally Placed Modules or Globally Placed Modules
- Securing User Modules
- Checking Module Dependencies with DISPLAY USE OF
- Displaying all Modules and Dependent Objects
- Display all Modules and Their Corresponding Source SQL File Names
- Displaying Dependent Objects for One or More Specified Modules
- Display Source SQL File Name for a Given Module
- Display All Modules Dependent on a Specific Object
- Display all Modules and Their Corresponding Source SQL File Names Associated With an Object
- Display all the Invalid Modules and Their Corresponding Source SQL File Names Associated With an Object
- Display Source SQL File for a Given Module in a Given OSS Directory
- Display all Modules and Their Corresponding Source SQL Files in a Given OSS Directory
- Display Invalid Modules from a Given Directory (Along With Their Corresponding Source SQL Files) for a Given Object
- Display all Modules From a Given directory (Along With Their Corresponding Source SQL Files) for a Given Object
- Displaying the Modules in a Local Directory
- Grouping Applications and Modules to Run Multiple DISPLAY USE OF Operations
- Removing Modules
- Converting Globally Placed Modules to Locally Placed Modules
- Managing Module Files and Their Applications During Fallback From SQL/MX Release 3.2
- Backing Up and Restoring Programs
- 10 Performing Recovery Operations
- Recovering Databases After Disk or Node Failures
- Recovering Disk Volumes
- Recovering Files
- Recovering Metadata
- Recovering Database Objects
- Restoring Objects With BRCOM RESTORE
- Repairing Damaged SQL/MX Metadata and Objects
- Using GOAWAY to Delete Damaged Objects
- Recovering From SCF Commands
- 11 Managing an SQL/MX Distributed Database
- Managing a Locally Distributed SQL/MX Database
- Managing a Network-Distributed SQL/MX Database
- Creating a Distributed SQL/MX Database
- Altering Distributed Objects
- Dropping Distributed Objects
- Enhancing the Performance of a Distributed Database
- Changing Network Environments
- Managing Mixed Versions of NonStop SQL/MX
- 12 Measuring Performance
- 13 Enhancing SQL/MX Database Performance
- Using Queries in an SQL/MX Database
- Understanding the Implications of Concurrency
- Keeping Statistics Current
- Managing SQL/MX Buffer Space
- How DP2 Manages and Reuses Query Plan Fragments
- Causes and Symptoms of Query Plan Fragment Reuse Failures
- Reduction of Plan Fragment Size for Unique Queries
- Using SCF STATS DISK to Monitor SQL/MX Statistics and Reuse Failures
- Using SCF ALTER DISK to Resize the SQLMXBUFFER Attribute
- Strategies for Reducing Reuse Failures
- Managing DP2 Data Cache Memory Size
- Maximizing Disk Process Prefetch Capabilities
- Optimizing SQL/MX Memory Management
- Optimizing Index Use
- Performing FUP RELOADs to Generate More Accurate Query Plans
- Checking Data Integrity
- Creating Logical Views of Data
- Adding and Dropping Partitions
- Avoiding Automatic Recompilations
- Matching Block Split Operation to Table Usage
- A Using Guardian Names with TMF, RDF, and Measure
- Using the MXGNAMES Utility
- MXGNAMES Input Files
- MXGNAMES Output Files
- MXGNAMES Examples
- TMF Example 1: Input Is a List of SQL/MX Table Names
- TMF Example 2: Input Is SHOWDDL Text
- TMF Example 3: Input Is an SQL/MX Table Name
- TMF Example 4: Input Is a List of SQL Names with File Length Specified
- Restore Example 1: Input Is a List of SQL/MX Table Names
- Restore Example 2: Input Is SHOWDDL Text
- Restore Example 3: Input Is an SQL/MX Table Name
- Using the MXGNAMES Utility
- Index
Table 2 SQL/MX Object Types (continued)
DescriptionSQL/MX Object Type
the view contents from other tables or views. SQL/MX views conform to the
ANSI/ISO/IEC 9075:1999 SQL standard, more commonly referred to as SQL:1999,
for their definition and security.
An alternate access path to a table (alternate key) that differs from the primary access
path (clustering key) defined when the table was created. An SQL/MX index includes
columns for the alternate key and the underlying table’s clustering key.
Index
A stored procedure is an type of user-defined routine (UDR) that operates within a
database server. NonStop SQL/MX supports stored procedures written in the Java
Stored procedures in Java (SPJs)
language (SPJs). The body of an SPJ is a static Java method, which is stored in a
class file either inside or outside a Java archive (JAR) file in the OSS file system. An
SPJ is registered in NonStop SQL/MX and invoked by NonStop SQL/MX when an
application issues a CALL statement.
For more information, see the SQL/MX Guide to Stored Procedures in Java.
Constraints protect the integrity of data in a table by restricting the values in a
particular column or set of columns to those that meet specified conditions. The
SQL/MX constraints are:
Constraints
• Not Null, which is a constraint that identifies the column or columns that cannot
contain nulls.
• Unique, which is a column or table constraint that identifies the column or set of
columns that cannot contain more than one occurrence of the same value or set
of values.
• Primary key, which is a column or table constraint that identifies the column or
set of columns that constitute the primary key for a table. A primary key is also
a unique key.
• Check, which is a column or table constraint that identifies the condition that must
be satisfied for each row in a table. Check constraints cannot contain
non-ISO88591 string literals.
• Referential integrity, which identifies the column or columns in a table that can
contain only values matching those in a column or set of columns in the referenced
table.
A three-part ANSI name that maps to the underlying Guardian physical name of an
SQL/MP object.
SQL/MP alias
A mechanism that resides in the database and specifies that when a particular
operation—an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE—is performed on a particular table,
NonStop SQL/MX should automatically perform one or more additional actions.
Trigger
The portion of a partitioned table or index that resides in a single physical Guardian
file. Multiple partitions can reside on the same disk volume. A table that has only
one partition is a nonpartitioned table.
Partition
The SQL/MX Environment
The SQL/MX query compiler and executor operate on SQL/MX database objects and SQL/MP
database objects. From the SQL/MX conversational interface, MXCI, you can perform DDL and
DML operations and most SQL/MX commands on SQL/MX objects. From MXCI, you can also
perform DML operations—but not DDL operations—on SQL/MP tables. MXCI commands are
SQL/MX extensions that typically affect the attributes of an MXCI session. MXCI runs as an OSS
process and must be started within the OSS environment.
For more information, see the SQL/MX Reference Manual.
OSS Environment
Several SQL/MX processes and utilities run in the OSS environment. Consequently, OSS must be
installed and running on your system to run NonStop SQL/MX. For more information, see the
SQL/MX Reference Manual.
24 Introduction to SQL/MX Database Management