6530 Programmer’s Guide Abstract This book describes the 6530 set of terminal functions and explains how to use 6530 Escape and Control sequences in applications that communicate with the PC6530 software or TS530 terminal.
Document History Part Number Product Version Published 131921 NA November 1996 527847-001 NA November 2003
What’s New in This Manual Manual Information 6530 Programmer’s Guide Abstract This book describes the 6530 set of terminal functions and explains how to use 6530 Escape and Control sequences in applications that communicate with the PC6530 software or TS530 terminal.
New and Changed Information What’s New in This Manual 6530 Programmer’s Guide —527847-001 iv
Preface This book describes the 6530 set of terminal functions and explains how to use 6530 Escape and Control sequences in applications you write for hosts that communicate with either of the following Tandem products which perform 6530 functions: n n PC6530 software TS530 terminal Except where specifically noted otherwise, the term 6530 is used in a generic sense to mean either the PC6530 software or the TS530 terminal when the software or the terminal is acting in its capacity to perform 6530 terminal
Preface Related Publications For information about publications that contain information related to the 6530, see the Tandem Information Manager (TIM), which is available on CD-ROM and on the Internet.
Preface Numbering Convention The bit-numbering convention used in this book differs from that assigned to the Tandem NonStop Kernel systems. The Tandem system numbering scheme is based on a 16-bit word (numbered 0-15) with bit 15 being the least significant bit (lsb). On the workstation or PC, the numbering scheme is based on an 8-bit byte (numbered 7-0) with bit 0 being the least significant bit. In this manual, the 8-bit scheme refers to data accessed in the workstation or PC.
Preface vi 6530 Programmer’s Guide
Table of Contents 1 Overview 6530 Features .....................................................................................................1-1 Screen Format ...........................................................................................1-1 Message/Status Line .................................................................................1-2 Error Line .................................................................................................1-2 Modes of Operation ..................
Table of Contents Configuration Parameters ................................................................................ 1-16 Aux1 device name .................................................................................. 1-16 Aux2 device name .................................................................................. 1-16 baud rate ................................................................................................. 1-17 bell column ...............................................
Table of Contents TS530 screen video attributes .................................................................1-23 TS530 switch refresh rate .......................................................................1-23 window name ..........................................................................................1-24 2 Conversational Mode Operation Control Codes and Escape Sequences ................................................................2-2 Cursor Location ................................
Table of Contents Video Attributes ..................................................................................... 2-11 Set Video Attributes (Esc 6) ......................................................... 2-14 Set Video Prior Condition Register (Esc 7) ................................. 2-15 Color Video Attributes ........................................................................... 2-15 Color Enhancement Query (Esc ?) ...............................................
Table of Contents Report Exec Return Code (Esc - W) .............................................2-47 Disconnect Modem (Esc f) ...........................................................2-48 General Operations .................................................................................2-48 Bell (BEL) .....................................................................................2-48 Delay One Second (Esc @) ..........................................................2-48 Unlock Keyboard (Esc b) ..
Table of Contents Set Buffer Address (DC1) ............................................................ 3-15 Set Buffer Address Extended (Esc - C) ........................................ 3-16 Cursor Movement .................................................................................. 3-16 Cursor Up (Esc A) ........................................................................ 3-17 Line Feed (LF) .............................................................................
Table of Contents Reset Modified Data Tags (Esc >) ................................................3-38 Define Data Type Table (Esc r) ....................................................3-39 Define Data Type Table Extended (Esc-r) ...................................3-40 Set 40-character line width (Esc 8) ...............................................3-40 Set 80-character line width (Esc 9) ...............................................3-40 Set 40-character screen width (Esc t) .........................
Table of Contents RTM Support ......................................................................................... 3-64 RTM Control (Esc - i) .................................................................. 3-65 RTM Data Upload (Esc - j) .......................................................... 3-66 PFKey Support ....................................................................................... 3-67 EM3270 Support ................................................................................
Table of Contents Reinitialize (Esc q) ........................................................................3-92 Terminate Remote 6530 Operation (Esc - z) ................................3-92 Execute Self Test (Esc z) ..............................................................3-93 Shift Out to G1 Character Set (S0) ...............................................3-93 Shift In to G0 Character Set (S1) ..................................................3-93 Function Keys .................................
Table of Contents xvi 6530 Programmer’s Guide
1 Overview This chapter briefly describes the features of the 6530. This chapter also provides descriptions of 6530 configuration parameters. 6530 Features The 6530 provides the following features to enhance terminal operation in online transaction processing environments: n n n n n n n Screen Format A 25 row by 80 column screen format, with a message/status and error line separate from the display of other screen data. Two major operating modes: conversational and block.
Overview Message/Status Line The bottom row of the screen contains the message/status line, which has the following format: Column 1 2 66 b Message Area b Status Area Columns 1 and 66 always contain a blank space. The message area occupies columns 2 through 65. It can contain any character string sent through an escape sequence from either your application program or the keyboard in conversational mode.Text in the message area remains visible until it is cleared or reset by another escape sequence.
Overview Modes of Operation The 6530 can operate in one of two major modes: n n Conversational Block The mode selected determines how data is transmitted to the host, as well as how certain control codes, escape sequences, and keyboard operations function. You can select the mode best suited for your particular application. You can also switch modes at different points in your application.
Overview In block mode, the 6530 displays characters typed on the keyboard and stores them in display memory. The 6530 does not transmit any data until the host application issues a read request. Thus, a user can enter multiple lines of data or even a complete screen between transfers to the host. The 6530 transmits data as a block. A block can be a full screen or page of data.
Overview 6530 Display Memory Organization A portion of the 6530 memory is reserved for storing data that can be shown on the screen. This includes displayable (graphics) characters entered from the keyboard or received from the host. Note The message/status and error lines are handled separately. Enough memory is allocated to fill the screen several times over. Using various cursor or display control keys, the user can select which portion of memory actually appears on the screen.
Overview Character input from the keyboard occurs at the cursor location on the currently displayed page. Each page has its own cursor, and the cursor for a particular page can be moved without affecting the cursors on other pages. The cursor location is addressed by row and column positions relative to the page. The default cursor address is the home location (row 1, column 1). When a new page is displayed, the cursor moves to the cursor location stored for that page.
Overview Video Attributes Video attributes can be used in any of the operating modes. They specify how characters appear on the screen. The video attributes available with the 6530 are: n n n n n Blinking or nonblinking Normal or alternate intensity Normal or reverse video Normal or underscored Normal or invisible (not displayed) Some restrictions for attribute combinations exist.
Overview Character Codes The 6530 can be configured to transmit either 7-bit or 8-bit character codes, with or without parity. The lower 7 bits are used for the standard ASCII character set, which represents 128 different characters. The eighth bit is used for an upper 128-character set, which is the same as the workstation’s or PC’s standard alternate character set.
Overview The control characters specify a set of communications and terminal control functions, such as moving the cursor on the screen. When the 6530 receives a recognized control character, it performs the specified function. Unrecognized control characters are ignored. Control characters are not stored in display memory, and are not shown on the screen. Your application program can send control characters to the 6530 by sending the code associated with that character.
Overview n n n n n n n Italian (supported in 8-bit versions only) Norwegian Portuguese Spanish Swedish/Finnish Swiss-French Swiss-German When a particular language is selected, certain ASCII characters in the graphic range are replaced by characters used in that country. These are listed in Appendix B. Keyboard Operation When a PC or workstation is running PC6530, these keys perform 6530 functions: n n n n Alphanumeric keys generate displayable (graphic) characters.
Overview Device Control The 6530 provides access to operating system devices or filenames, such as printers or disk files. Supported features include: n n n n Screen printing – Allows the user or your application to print the contents of the display screen or the selected page. Pass-through printing – Allows your application to print any type of data. Write and write/read operations – Allows your application to perform I/O operations on any operating system filename or device.
Overview Table 1-3. Emulator Connections Emulator Host Description Emulator on Multilan Multilan/ WS6530 Emulator to Multilan link to host system with Multilan/WS6530. Emulator with Telnet client and TCP/IP Telnet server, TCP/IP Emulator with Telnet client and TCP/IP link to host system with TCP/IP and Telnet server. Emulator with Telnet client and SPX/IPX Telnet Server, SPX/IPX Emulator on system with TC/SPX/IPS to host system with Telnet Server and SPX/IPX.
Overview The host sends the terminal a mode switch message of the form: SOH mode ETX LRC where: SOH, ETX, and LRC are communications control characters. SOH acts as a start of header for the message. ETX indicates the end of text for the message. LRC is a longitudinal redundancy check character used to detect errors in the transmission. mode is either C for conversational or B for block, to specify the new mode of operation.
Overview Switch from block to conversational mode n n n n n n Blank fills all lines in display memory. Sets the cursor address to row1, column 1, and displays the first 24 lines of memory on the screen. Clears all horizontal tab stops. Sets the video prior condition register to normal video. Clears the message area in the message/status line and displays CONV in the status area. Unlocks the keyboard. Terminal Reset A PC6530 user can perform a reset from the keyboard.
Overview System Reset A system reset clears all workstation or PC memory and reloads the operating system. It is equivalent to cycling power off and on, except that the power-on self test is not performed. After a system reset, the user must restart the 6530. The user can invoke a system reset with the Ctrl-Alt-Del keys. Application Programming Interface The way in which your application program interacts with the 6530 depends on the host operating system.
Overview Configuration Parameters This section provides descriptions of 6530 configuration parameters that can be programmed by the host. The 6530 has a number of configuration parameters, which select options and set up the line for communications with the host system. The user can set the 6530 parameters on the MS-DOS command line or by using the 6530 initialization file. Through escape sequences, your application can read current configuration parameters.
Overview baud rate Sets the speed of communications when the workstation or PC is connected to the host over an asynchronous line. (The baud rate setting is ignored on a Multilan connection.) The setting must match the host system end. Values are: 50 300 2400 75 600 4800 110 1200 9600 134.5 1800 19200 150 2000 38400 Set baud rate with the Esc v H sequence. For conversational mode, see “Set Terminal Configuration (Esc v)” on page 2-30.
Overview compression enhance Turns outbound data compression on or off (for block mode only). (See “Outbound Compression” on page 3-72.) cursor type Determines how the cursor appears on the screen: an underscore or a reverse video block. Set with the Esc v A sequence. For conversational mode, see “Set Terminal Configuration (Esc v)” on page 2-30. For block mode, see “Set Terminal Configuration (Esc v)” on page 3-59. device name Sets the name for the communications driver used.
Overview keyboard Selects the type of keyboard, which in turn determines how certain keys are mapped. Eleven keyboard options are available: Table 1-4.
Overview language Defines which language character set is used for displaying the graphics characters. The supported languages are: n n n n n n n n n n n n n n ASCII (U.S. English) Belgian Cyrillic Danish English (UK) French (AZERTY and QUERTY) German Italian (supported in 8-bit versions only) Norwegian Portuguese Spanish Swedish/Finnish Swiss-French Swiss-German Set with the Esc v F sequence. For conversational mode, see “Set Terminal Configuration (Esc v)” on page 2-30.
Overview packet blocking Specifies the block size used with the X25AM access method when the workstation or PC is connected to an X.25 communications line. The setting must match the PAGE6520BLKSIZE modifier set for the X25AM access method. Values are: 256 or ON 768 260 or OFF 996 384 1024 512 2048 640 Set with the Esc v L sequence. For conversational mode, see “Set Terminal Configuration (Esc v)” on page 2-30. For block mode, see “Set Terminal Configuration (Esc v)” on page 3-59.
Overview print line terminator Selects the function that terminates a line on the printer (Auxl device) during print screen operations. The choices are: carriage return (CR), line feed (LF), and carriage return plus line feed (CR_LF). Set by the Esc x T2 sequence. For conversational mode, see “Set I/O Device Configuration (Esc x)” on page 2-31. For block mode, see “Set I/0 Device Configuration (Esc x)” on page 3-60.
Overview screen saver Selects the time interval (in minutes) for the screen saver feature. Set by the Esc v P sequence. For conversational mode, see “Set Terminal Configuration (Esc v)” on page 2-30. For block mode, see “Set Terminal Configuration (Esc v)” on page 3-59. session name Only used on a Multilan connection when the 6530 is running under MS-DOS. Sets the name for a 6530 session when using a nonswitched access mode.
Overview window name 1-24 Only used on a Multilan connection. Specifies the name of the host window with which the 6530 communicates for a static link. The window must be configured on the host system, and you must include the host system name with the window name. This parameter is set by the user. For more information, see the PC6530 or TS530 user’s guide, or the Multilan documentation.
2 Conversational Mode Operation Conversational mode is useful for applications that need to interact with the 6530 on a line-by-line basis. The 6530 transmits data to the host one character at a time as it is typed on the keyboard. The transfer is terminated by a line termination character typically, a CR (0DH). The 6530 interprets incoming data as either graphic (displayable) characters or control (non-displayable) characters and processes them accordingly.
Conversational Mode Operation Control Codes and Escape Sequences Your application program can control 6530 operation by sending control codes and escape sequences. A control code is represented by an ASCII character in the range of 00 to 1FH. These control codes are not displayed or stored in memory. Instead, they invoke communications or terminal control functions. The 6530 recognizes a subset of codes in the control character range. See “Character Codes” on page 1-8 for details.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-1.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-1.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-1.
Conversational Mode Operation The type of addressing used depends on the control or escape sequence you use. You can choose between the sequence that uses normal addressing and the one that uses extended addressing. Normal addressing allows access to all positions currently available on the screen. The extended addressing sequences also provide access to all current screen positions and, in addition, allow for possible future enhancements in screen formats, such as more rows or columns.
Conversational Mode Operation where: SOH is a control character (01H) that acts as a start of header for messages returned to the host. The underscore (_) identifies this message as a cursor address message. The exclamation point (!) specifies page 1. (Page 1 is always used in conversational mode.) row and column are encoded ASCII characters that specify the current cursor location. CR is a control character (0DH) that terminates the message.
Conversational Mode Operation Line Feed (LF) The LF control character (0AH) moves the cursor down one row, while maintaining the same column position. If the cursor is initially in the last row, a roll up operation occurs. If the row contains the last line of display memory, a scroll operation occurs. Cursor Right (Esc C) The Esc C sequence moves the cursor one column position to the right. If the cursor is initially in the last column, the cursor moves to the first column of the next row.
Conversational Mode Operation This function involves only cursor movement, unlike the tab key, which causes the 6530 to transmit the required number of spaces necessary to move the cursor to the next tab stop. Tab Settings This group of escape sequences sets or clears tab stops. The 6530 maintains one set of tab stops, which applies to all rows on the screen. Set Tab (Esc 1) The Esc I sequence sets a horizontal tab stop at the current cursor column position.
Conversational Mode Operation Page Up (Esc V) The Esc V sequence displays the previous 24 lines of display memory on the screen. When the first line of display memory is on the screen, further Esc V sequences are ignored. The cursor remains in the same relative position. Page Down (Esc U) The Esc U sequence displays the next 24 lines of display memory on the screen. If there are less than 24 lines remaining to the end of memory, the memory lines are rolled up enough rows to display the remaining lines.
Conversational Mode Operation Erase to End of Line (Esc K) The Esc K sequence blank-fills the line containing the cursor starting from the current cursor position to the end of that line. This operation does not alter the position of the cursor. Video Attributes This group of escape sequences defines the video attributes for screen positions, as specified by an attribute character.
Conversational Mode Operation application can use the Color Enhancement Query escape sequence (Esc ?) to learn the video capabilities of the PC. If the PC’s hardware allows, your application can utilize the additional attributes of the Color Mapping Table (as shown in the following illustration). PC6530 Color Mapping Table BYTE 0 BYTE 1 BYTE 2 BYTE 28 BYTE 29 BYTE 30 BYTE 31 With monochrome monitors, all the monochrome video attributes are available.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-2 summarizes the video attributes selected by each attribute character for the monochrome mapping table. Table 2-2.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-2.
Conversational Mode Operation Set Video Prior Condition Register (Esc 7) The Esc 7 sequence causes the 6530 to load the video prior condition register with the attribute character specified. The attributes selected by the Esc 7 attribute character are in effect for the entire screen, starting at the beginning of the display memory, unless subsequent attribute characters are encountered on the screen. The Esc 7 attribute character does not take up a character position on the screen.
Conversational Mode Operation n n Underline background color. Specifies one of 8 colors used to display the background for the underscore attribute. (The default underline background color is blue.) Underline mapping. Specifies on or off. When on, space (20H) characters with the underscore attribute are mapped to underline (5FH) characters. (The default for underline mapping is off.) PC6530 maps characters with the underscore or invisible attributes before mapping other video attributes.
Conversational Mode Operation The 6530 protocol also limits what can be transmitted. Colors are set by sending the register color value (in hex) added to a hex 20. For example, to set the foreground color to light red (register 12) the data field should contain a hex 42 followed by a hex 2C (representing one pair). Background color defaults to black unless the background color is otherwise specified.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-3. Color Codes (continued) Reg Color Code 0D light magenta 2D 0E yellow 2E 0F bright white 2F Read 6530 Color Mapping Table (Esc - v) An additional color mapping requirement is to return the current color mapping table as it pertains to the standard Esc 6 video attributes.
Conversational Mode Operation Set/Reset Color Map Table (Esc - q) The Esc - q sequence sets or resets the entries in the color map table. This allows you to control how the video attribute characters associated with Esc 6 and Esc 7 sequences are mapped to the workstation or PC screen. The user must select color mapping in order for the color map table to be used. The color map table has 32 entries, each consisting of 8 bits.
Conversational Mode Operation To specify the 8-bit entries in the table, your application must send pairs of ASCII encoded hexadecimal digits whose binary values represent the 8-bit patterns. For example, the hexadecimal digits 04 represent the following bit pattern: 0000 0100 This bit pattern sets the foreground color to red, the background color to black, the intensity to low, and blinking to off.
Conversational Mode Operation When p1 is set to 0, the escape sequence must be followed by the number of pairs of hexadecimal digits specified by the p2 and p3 range. For example, if p2 is set to 4 and p3 is set to 6, the escape sequence must be followed by three pairs of hexadecimal digits: Esc - 0;4;6 q 04 40 17 The above sequence sets the fourth, fifth, and sixth entries in the color map table to the bit patterns defined by the hexadecimal digits 04, 40, and 17, respectively.
Conversational Mode Operation Read Color Configuration (Esc - u) The implementation of the field-selectable color palette register requires the reading and saving of additional color related information. Specifically, the PC6530 must be able to read the contents of the configurable registers before initializing the terminal for PATHWAY usage.
Conversational Mode Operation Set Color Configuration (Esc - t) Once the host has read the color palette register configuration, it may determine the configuration must be changed. Changing the configuration requires an escape sequence of the following format: an escape, hyphen, 3 parameters separated by semicolons, lowercase t, and the color data information. Esc - p1;p2;p3 t data 1B 2D p1 3B p2 3b p3 74 data (hex values) where: p1 sets (0 - hex 30) or resets (1 - hex 31) the color palette.
Conversational Mode Operation Limitations Whether implemented with CGA, EGA, or VGA BIOS, the 6530’s Enhanced Color Field control codes can only be invoked to use sixteen colors, regardless of the number of colors available in the BIOS specification. This means: n n n When implemented with CGA, the 6530 is capable of controlling all available colors, including the designation of any of the first eight colors as background colors.
Conversational Mode Operation The Set Terminal Configuration sequence (Esc v) followed by a set of code/value pairs (as listed in Table 2-4) sets new values for the terminal configuration parameters. Table 2-4. Terminal Configuration Parameters Configuration Parameter Baud rate Code Value H 0 Meaning 50 Value Meaning 9 1200 10 1800 (No Windows ASYNC driver support.) 1 75 (No Windows ASYNC driver support.) 2 110 11 2000 3 134.5 12 2400 (No Windows ASYNC driver support.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-4.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-4.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-4. Terminal Configuration Parameters (continued) Configuration Parameter Normal intensity Code Value T 0 Meaning high Value 1 Meaning low Note: A change in intensity does not take effect until the next mode switch or reset.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-4. Terminal Configuration Parameters (continued) Configuration Parameter Code Value l 0 switch refresh rate to 71 Hz 1 switch refresh rate to 82 Hz Switch refresh rate (TS530 only) Meaning Value Meaning * Denotes values returned on read; but not supported on write operations. Table 2-5.
Conversational Mode Operation Read Terminal Configuration (Esc ?) The Esc ? sequence causes the 6530 to transmit the current values for the terminal configuration parameters to the host. The message returned has the following general format: SOH ! code value [code value ] ... CR where: SOH is a control character (01H) that acts as a start of header for messages returned to the host. The exclamation point (!) identifies this message as a configuration message.
Conversational Mode Operation Read I/O Device Configuration (Esc y) The Esc y sequence causes the 6530 to transmit the current values for the Auxl and Aux2 device configuration parameters to the host. The Esc y must be followed by a T and a decimal number that identifies the device (2 for the Auxl device and 3 for the Aux2 device). For example: Esc y T2 The message returned has the following general format: SOH ! code value [code value] ...
Conversational Mode Operation The following example sets the form feed for a printer associated with the Auxl device: Esc x T2 G1 CR Read String Configuration Parameter (Esc - d) The Esc - d sequence causes the 6530 to transmit the current values for the configuration parameters with string values.
Conversational Mode Operation CR is a control character (0DH) that terminates the message. Set String Configuration Parameter (Esc - c) The Esc - c sequence sets new values for configuration parameters with string values. The escape sequence has the following format: Esc - pn c string DC2 [string DC2] ... CR where: pn is an ASCII digit from 0 through 7 that specifies the parameter(s) to be set. These are the same as the pn values for the Esc - d sequence.
Conversational Mode Operation where: pn is the parameter number (an ASCII numeric character) 0 = all 6530 parameters in order 1-6 2 = 6530 type 3 = operating system version The return message has the following format: SOH ( string DC2 [string DC2]... CR where: SOH is start of header (01H) ( is left parenthesis (28H) string is the ASCII character string value for the parameter(s) to be set. When all seven parameters are set, their string values must be listed in the order specified by pn.
Conversational Mode Operation where: pn is an ASCII digit from 0 through 6 that specifies the parameter(s) to be set str = omitted string (zero length) str2 = "PC6530" for PC6530 str3 = = = "DOS5.0" for MS-DOS version 5.0 "DOS4.0" for MS-DOS version 4.0 "DOS3.3" for MS-DOS version 3.3 The MS-DOS string returned for str3 is determined by the result of a call to MS-DOS INT 21 Function 30H.
Conversational Mode Operation For example, specifying one partition at 100 centiseconds causes two buckets to be created - one that counts the occurrence of response intervals in the range of 0 to 100 centiseconds and a second bucket that counts the occurrence of response intervals greater than 100 centiseconds. RTM recording of response intervals is enabled on entry to block mode and also each time the RTM Controls are reset.
Conversational Mode Operation p1: Response Interval Start/Stop Events 1 = Any function key press / keyboard unlock command receipt 2 = Any function key press / any host data receipt p2: Number of Buckets 1 to 10 A value of 1 is valid. It is not followed by a bucket partition because it defines a bucket with boundaries from 0 to infinity, which counts every response. pn: Bucket Partition (centisec) pn occurs number of buckets - 1 times.
Conversational Mode Operation where: ID = p1;p2;p3;p4 p1, p2, p3, and p4 are ASCII numeric string representations of an unsigned 8 bit value in the range of 0 to 255. B1,Bn = An ASCII numeric string indicating the number of response intervals that fell into the range of the particular bucket. B1 is always be returned. Bn represents occurrences of buckets 2 through 10, if these are configured. t = An ASCII numeric string that indicates total elapsed time in centiseconds. The maximum value is 4294967295.
Conversational Mode Operation status is an ASCII character whose binary value indicates the status of the Auxl and Aux2 devices as follows: Bit 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 1 = self test passed 1 = power up 1 = Aux1 timeout 1 = Aux1 busy 1 = Aux2 timeout 1 = Aux2 busy Bit 0 is always set to 1 for compatibility with the 6530. Bit 1 is set the first time this escape sequence is issued after a power up. Bits 2 and 4 are set or cleared based on the last output operation to the respective devices.
Conversational Mode Operation T0 and device-rev-level are returned for compatibility with 6530 terminal options. device-rev-level is always the same as rev-level. CR is a control character (0DH) that terminates the message. Get Machine Name (Esc - e) The Esc - e sequence is valid only for a workstation or PC that is running under MS-DOS on a Multilan connection. The escape sequence causes the 6530 to transmit the machine (LAN) name currently set for the workstation or PC.
Conversational Mode Operation where: SOH is a control character (01H) that acts as a start of header for messages returned to the host. The apostrophe (’) identifies this message as a directory and redirection message. drive is an ASCII character in the range of 41H through 5AH that specifies the current default drive of the workstation or PC. DC2 is a control character (l2H) used to delimit the following string values.
Conversational Mode Operation n n n Aborts the current print operation; displays an error message (PRINT ABORT) in the error line and sounds the bell. Sends a carriage return (CR), followed by a form feed (FF), to the printer interface. Initiates the application’s print request. This abort can be avoided if your application observes the following sequence: 1. Lock the keyboard (Esc c sequence). 2. Check the status for a print in process (Esc ^ sequence). 3.
Conversational Mode Operation where: device is a decimal number that specifies which device parameter is used. This must be either 1 for the Auxl device or 2 for the Aux2 device. If any other value is specified or the parameter is omitted, the 6530 assumes the Aux1 device. terminator is a decimal number in the range of 3 through 127 that specifies a terminating character you have chosen to represent the end-of-text sequence. The number represents the decimal value of the ASCII character code.
Conversational Mode Operation SPACE represents a space (H20), which must precede the data. data is the data to be written to the device when a write (40) operation is specified. A space must precede the data. The data can be: • A mode switch sequence that specifies the type of data (Esc a for ASCII data or Esc b for binary data) to be sent on a subsequent write. • ASCII characters in the range of 20H to 7E.
Conversational Mode Operation SPACE represents a space (H20), which must precede the data. data is the data to be written to the device when a write (40) or write/read (7E) operation is specified. A space must precede the data. The data can be: • A mode switch sequence that specifies the type of data (Esc a for ASCII data or Esc b for binary data) to be sent on a subsequent write. • ASCII characters in the range of 20H to 7E.
Conversational Mode Operation data is the data read from the device when a read operation is specified. Only 255 bytes of text data can be returned at one time. To perform sequential read operations, your application should continue issuing the Esc } sequence until 0 bytes are returned in data. CR is a control character (0DH) that terminates the message. See the appropriate programmer’s guide for your operating system for more information about performing I/O operations on a device driver.
Conversational Mode Operation Report Exec Return Code (Esc - W) The Esc - W sequence returns the Exec function return code, as well as the return and exit codes for the child process started by an Esc - V sequence. The returned message has the following format: SOH $ execcode proccodel proccode2 proccode3 CR where: SOH is a control character (01H) that acts as a start of header for messages returned to the host. The dollar sign ($) identifies this message as an operating system return code message.
Conversational Mode Operation proccode1 is one of the following ASCII characters that specifies the child process return code: space (20H) = terminate/abort (normal termination) ! (21H) = Shift-break “ (22H) = fatal error (critical device error) # (23H) = terminate and stay resident (KEEP process) proccode2 and proccode3 are ASCII characters in the range of 20H to 2FH whose ASCII codes offset by 1FH represent the nibble values for the child process exit code.
Conversational Mode Operation Unlock Keyboard (Esc b) The Esc b sequence unlocks the keyboard and erases the KBD LOCKED phrase in the status line. Lock Keyboard (Esc c) The Esc c sequence locks the keyboard and displays the phrase KBD LOCKED in the status line. When the keyboard is locked, the cursor is no longer displayed and all keys (except Caps Lock, Num Lock, Ctrl-Scroll Lock, Ctrl-End, Ctrl-Alt-Del, Ctrl-Backspace, and Alt-Backspace) are disabled.
Conversational Mode Operation Reinitialize (Esc q) The Esc q sequence executes an initialization sequence similar to that executed upon entering block mode. The exceptions to this are as follows: n n Page 1 is blank filled (rather than containing the screen text from conversational mode). The communications line is not reinitialized. Define Enter Key Function (Esc u) The Esc u sequence allows you to modify the characters that are generated when the Enter key is pressed.
Conversational Mode Operation Esc - p1 z 1B 2D p1 7A (hex values) where: p1 is the exit error-level (an ASCII decimal value) Execute Self Test (Esc z) This command sequence is used at the factory to run self-tests on terminals (not terminal emulators). Shift Out to G1 Character Set (S0) The S0 control character (0EH) shifts the 6530 to the G1 character set. Thus, graphics characters in the G1 set are displayed on the screen.
Conversational Mode Operation where: keycode is an ASCII character that identifies which function key was pressed as listed in Table 2-7. cursor specifies the row and column for the current cursor position. This has either the normal or extended addressing format (as described in “Cursor Location” on page 2-5). Table 2-7.
Conversational Mode Operation Keyboard Operations In conversational mode, some keys (or key combinations) generate ASCII character codes. The 6530 transmits these ASCII codes to the host after each character is typed. In half-duplex, the 6530 acts upon these character codes (performs the operation specified by the code) as it transmits them to the host. In full-duplex, the 6530 only transmits the character codes and does not act upon them until they are echoed back by the host.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-8. Keys That Generate ASCII Codes (continued) Key(s) Description Enter, Shift-Enter Transmits a CR control character (0DH), unless redefined by an Esc u sequence, and performs the CR control function. See “Carriage Return (CR)” on page 2-8. Backspace or left arrow Transmits a BS control character (08H) and performs BS control function. See “Backspace (BS)” on page 2-8.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-9. 6530 Programmer’s Guide Keys That Perform Local Operations (continued) Key(s) Description Home Displays the first 24 or 27 lines of display memory on the screen and positions the cursor in row 1, column 1. Ctrl-Home Moves the cursor to the column following the last nonblank character on the screen. If the last column of the last row contains a character, a roll up operation occurs and the cursor is positioned in the first column of the last row.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-9. 2-56 Keys That Perform Local Operations (continued) Key(s) Description Alt-down arrow Rolls display memory down one line; stops when the first line of display memory appears on the screen. The cursor remains in the same relative position. Pg Up Displays the previous 24 or 27 lines of display memory on the screen. When the first line of memory appears on the screen, further page up operations are ignored. The cursor remains in the same relative position.
Conversational Mode Operation Table 2-9. 6530 Programmer’s Guide Keys That Perform Local Operations (continued) Key(s) Description Alt-Enter Places the workstation or PC in a local action mode where no data is sent to the host. Pressing Alt-Enter again returns to normal conversational mode and sends the current line to the host. As an example, the user can alter a previously transmitted line and then retransmit the line.
Conversational Mode Operation 2-58 6530 Programmer’s Guide
3 Block Mode Operation In block mode, the 6530 transmits data to and receives data from the host in blocks. The 6530 is always ready to receive blocks from the host; however, it only transmits a block when: n n The host application sends a control code or escape sequence that requests data from the 6530, (for example; Esc a (Read Cursor Address). The host application issues a read operation and the user presses a function key; in which case, the 6530 transmits a function key message to the host.
Block Mode Operation Each field is defined by a start-field (GS control character or Esc [ ) sequence. The sequence includes attribute characters that assign both video and data attributes to that field.
Block Mode Operation The number of fields that can be defined depends on the size of the data attribute table. During block mode initialization, display memory is allocated a default maximum number of pages. The default varies with the 6530 and selected screen format. The rest of display memory is then allocated to the data attribute table for defining fields.
Block Mode Operation Your application can also set the MDT for either an unprotected field or a protected field with the data attribute character for that field. This allows your application to always read a certain unprotected field or to read a certain protected field along with modified unprotected fields to ensure screen integrity. For example, you can define fixed data, such as a form identifier, as a protected field with the MDT bit set in the data attribute for that field.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-1. Data Type Data Type Summary Use (A-Z) (a-z) (0-9) .
Block Mode Operation Upshift The upshift attribute, when set, causes the 6530 to convert all alphabetic characters (letters a-z) entered from the keyboard to uppercase letters before writing them into that field. This attribute affects only alphabetic characters entered from the keyboard; it has no effect on characters sent by your application. You must use the start field extended (Esc [) sequence to set this attribute.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-2 lists the control codes and escape sequences that are recognized in block mode. The ASCII codes for the control characters (other than the Esc character, which is 1BH) are shown in parentheses. The control codes and escape sequences are organized into logical groups according to function. In many cases, the functions they perform are somewhat different in nonprotect and protect submodes.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-2.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-2.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-2.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-2.
Block Mode Operation Once set, the display page continues to be displayed until another Esc ; sequence is issued. The default page used immediately after entering block mode is page 1. Displaying page 0 (20H) locks the keyboard and displays a blank screen. This is useful for preventing video flash, which occurs if your application simultaneously displays and writes video attributes to the same page. For example, your application can display page 0 while it is writing to page 1.
Block Mode Operation Cursor and Buffer Addressing This group of control codes and escape sequences sets new locations for the cursor and buffer addresses on the selected page. Each page has its own cursor address and buffer address, which can be the same or different for each page. You can change the cursor or buffer address on one page without affecting the addresses on other pages.
Block Mode Operation Set Cursor Address (DC3) The DC3 control character (l3H) sets a new cursor position for the selected page using normal addressing as described above. Typically, this cursor address is used as the reference address for subsequent keyboard input. You can use this control sequence to access any screen position up to 96 columns. The DC3 character must be followed by two encoded ASCII characters that specify the new row and column positions for the cursor.
Block Mode Operation Read Cursor Address (Esc a) The Esc a escape sequence causes the 6530 to transmit the cursor address for the currently selected page. The message returned to the host uses normal addressing and has the following general format: SOH _ page row column terminator where: SOH is start of header (01H). The underscore (_) identifies this message as a cursor address message. page is an ASCII character whose code offset by 20H specifies the page number of the currently selected page.
Block Mode Operation Set Buffer Address Extended (Esc - C) The Esc - C sequence sets a new buffer address for the selected page with normal addressing as described in “Cursor and Buffer Addressing” on page 3-13. You can use this escape sequence to access all positions for any screen format selected. The format for the escape sequence is as follows: Esc - row ; column C where: row and column are decimal numbers that specify the new buffer address. C terminates the sequence.
Block Mode Operation n n n If the cursor is moved right or down into a protected field, the 6530 forward tabs, placing the cursor in the first position of the next unprotected field. If the cursor is moved up into a protected field, the 6530 back tabs, placing the cursor in the first position of the previous unprotected field. If the cursor is moved left into a protected field, the 6530 first back tabs the cursor to the previous unprotected field and then moves it to the last column of that field.
Block Mode Operation Backspace (BS) The BS control character (08H) moves the cursor one column position to the left. If the cursor is initially in column l, the cursor moves to the last column of the previous row. If the cursor is initially in row 1, column l, the cursor wraps to the last column of the last row. The backspace is nondestructive.
Block Mode Operation Back Tab (Esc i) The Esc i sequence moves the cursor to the previous tab stop in nonprotect submode. If no previous tab stops exist on the current row, the cursor moves to the first column of the row. If the cursor is initially in column l, a back tab moves the cursor to the right-most tab stop of the previous row. If the cursor is initially in row 1, column l, the cursor moves to the right-most tab stop of the last row.
Block Mode Operation Video Attributes This group of escape sequences defines the video attributes for screen positions, as specified by an attribute character. The attribute character is an ASCII character in the range of 20H to 3FH, whose binary value defines a bit pattern for the selected video attributes.
Block Mode Operation application can use the Color Enhancement Query escape sequence (Esc ?) to learn the video capabilities of the PC. If the PC’s hardware allows, your application can utilize the additional attributes of the Color Mapping Table (as shown in the following illustration). PC6530 Color Mapping Table BYTE 0 BYTE 1 BYTE 2 BYTE 28 BYTE 29 BYTE 30 BYTE 31 With monochrome monitors, all the monochrome video attributes are available.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-3 summarizes the video attributes selected by each attribute character for the monochrome mapping table. Table 3-3.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-3.
Block Mode Operation Set Video Prior Condition Register (Esc 7) The Esc 7 sequence causes the 6530 to load the video prior condition register with the attribute character specified. The attributes selected by the Esc 7 attribute character are in effect for the entire screen, starting at the beginning of the display memory, unless subsequent attribute characters are encountered on the screen. The Esc 7 attribute character does not take up a character position on the screen.
Block Mode Operation n n Underline background color. Specifies one of 8 colors used to display the background for the underscore attribute. (The default underline background color is blue.) Underline mapping. Specifies on or off. When on, space (20H) characters with the underscore attribute are mapped to underline (5FH) characters. (The default for underline mapping is off.) PC6530 maps characters with the underscore or invisible attributes before mapping other video attributes.
Block Mode Operation The 6530 protocol also limits what can be transmitted. Colors are set by sending the register color value (in hex) added to a hex 20. For example, to set the foreground color to light red (register 12) the data field should contain a hex 42 followed by a hex 2C (representing one pair). Background color defaults to black unless the background color is otherwise specified.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-4. Color Codes (continued) Reg Color Code 0D light magenta 2D 0E yellow 2E 0F bright white 2F Read 6530 Color Mapping Table (Esc - v) An additional color mapping requirement is to return the current color mapping table as it pertains to the standard Esc 6 video attributes.
Block Mode Operation Set/Reset Color Map Table (Esc - q) The Esc - q sequence sets or resets the entries in the color map table. This allows you to control how the video attribute characters associated with Esc 6 and Esc 7 sequences are mapped to the workstation or PC screen. The user must select color mapping in order for the color map table to be used. The color map table has 32 entries, each consisting of 8 bits.
Block Mode Operation To specify the 8-bit entries in the table, your application must send pairs of ASCII encoded hexadecimal digits whose binary values represent the 8-bit patterns. For example, the hexadecimal digits 04 represent the following bit pattern: 0000 0100 This bit pattern sets the foreground color to red, the background color to black, the intensity to low, and blinking to off.
Block Mode Operation When p1 is set to 0, the escape sequence must be followed by the number of pairs of hexadecimal digits specified by the p2 and p3 range. For example, if p2 is set to 4 and p3 is set to 6, the escape sequence must be followed by three pairs of hexadecimal digits: Esc - 0;4;6 q 04 40 17 The above sequence sets the fourth, fifth, and sixth entries in the color map table to the bit patterns defined by the hexadecimal digits 04, 40, and 17, respectively.
Block Mode Operation Read Color Configuration (Esc - u) The implementation of field-selectable color requires the reading and saving of additional color related information. Specifically, the PC6530 must be able to read the contents of the configurable registers before initializing the terminal for PATHWAY usage.
Block Mode Operation Set Color Configuration (Esc - t) Once the host has read the color register configuration, it may determine the configuration must be changed. Changing the configuration requires an escape sequence of the following format: an escape, hyphen, 3 parameters separated by semicolons, lowercase t, and the color data information. Esc - p1;p2;p3 t data 1B 2D p1 3B p2 3b p3 74 data (hex values) where: p1 sets (0 - hex 30) or resets (1 - hex 31) the color palette.
Block Mode Operation where: p1 = ASCII 0 or 1 (hex 30 or hex 31) 0 sets standard 6530 field attribute mapping as specified by Esc 6 codes. 1 sets enhanced color field support mapping for all video pages. When enhanced color field support mapping is set and a 6530 field video attribute is detected, the attribute is mapped according to the color mapping table but with any new color palette settings.
Block Mode Operation Limitations Whether implemented with CGA, EGA, or VGA BIOS, the 6530’s Enhanced Color Field control codes can only be invoked to use sixteen colors, regardless of the number of colors available in the BIOS specification. This means: n n n When implemented with CGA, the 6530 is capable of controlling all available colors, including the designation of any of the first eight colors as background colors.
Block Mode Operation Note Note: The Esc Q sequence will transmit the data starting with an RS character if the enhanced color field is set in the protect submode; otherwise, an STX character is transmitted, similar to Esc =. where: RS is a hex 1E. vid1, da1, and da2 have the same format and content as the conventional Start Field Extended (ESC ]) command parameters. data refers to the IBM 3270-style attribute pairs 42H (foreground color) and 45H (background color).
Block Mode Operation n n n n n n Set the cursor address to line 1, column 1 for all pages Lock the keyboard Clear the status line display Reset insert mode Initialize the data type table Disable local line editing (set Ctrl-Ins and Ctrl-Del to function keys) Exit Protect Submode (Esc X) The Esc X sequence exits protect submode and places the 6530 in nonprotect submode.
Block Mode Operation Start Field (GS) The GS control character (lDH) defines a new field. The start-field address for the field is set to the current buffer address of the selected page. If the current buffer address is equal to the start-field address of an existing field, the attributes for that field are modified; otherwise, a new field is created. The GS character must be followed by two encoded ASCII characters that specify the video and data attributes, respectively, for the field.
Block Mode Operation The GS control sequence is valid in nonprotect submode. However, it results in simply setting a video attribute at the current buffer address. No field or data attributes are defined (the data attribute character is ignored), and the video attribute is not protected. Thus, in nonprotect submode, the GS control sequence functions exactly the same as the set video attributes (Esc 6) sequence.
Block Mode Operation Define Data Type Table (Esc r) The Esc r sequence allows you to redefine the contents of the data type table. (See Table 3-1 on page 3-5 or Appendix D for the predefined values.) The table entries cannot be addressed individually; you must redefine the entire table to change any of the predefined values. The data type table consists of 96 entries, one entry for each ASCII character in the graphics range (20H-7FH). The entries consist of 8 bits that represent the data types (0-7).
Block Mode Operation Define Data Type Table Extended (Esc-r) The Esc - r sequence allow you to redefine the data type table for a range of characters. (See Table 3-1 on page 3-5 or Appendix D for the predefined values.) This escape sequence also allows you to redefine the data type table for the G1 set. The format of the escape sequence is as follows: Esc - p1;p2 r where: p1 is a series of ASCII digits that specify the starting character code for the following data type entries. The default value is 1.
Block Mode Operation EM3270 Submode The Esc - m command is used to switch in and out of EM3270 submode. This command exits EM3270 without invoking any reinitialization procedure. Re-initialization must be specifically invoked through a mode switch, or by an Esc q sequence. The 6530 can be switched from EM3270 submode to either block or conversational mode. For more details on switching to conversational mode, see “Switch from block to conversational mode” on page 1-14.
Block Mode Operation In protect submode, the text transmitted consists of data stored in unprotected fields (and, in some cases, protected fields if their MDTs are set). The content of each field is preceded by a DC1 sequence that specifies the address for that field. This address is the address of the first unprotected position in the respective field; thus, it is the address of the video attribute for that field plus one. Trailing spaces in a field are not transmitted.
Block Mode Operation Example 1 F1 F2 F3 F4 read start address (beginning of F2) F5 Sends data from F2, F3, and F4 read end address (end of F4) Example 2 F1 F2 F3 F4 read start address (middle of F1) F5 Sends data from F2, F3, and F4 read end address (middle of F4) Example 3 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Sends data from F2 F4 F5 Sends data from F2 read start address (beginning of F2) read end address (beginning of F2) Example 4 F1 F2 F3 read end address (middle of F2) read start address (middl
Block Mode Operation Example 5: F1 F2 F3 F4 read start address (beginning of F2) F5 Sends data from F2, F3, and F4 read end address (beginning of F5) Two special cases also occur: n n The default field (line l, column l) is not returned unless it is explicitly defined by a start field sequence (GS control character or Esc [ sequence), even if the read start address is at line 1, column 1.
Block Mode Operation Read with Address (Esc =) The Esc = sequence reads a specified area of the selected page by using normal addressing format described in “Cursor and Buffer Addressing” on page 3-13. The format for the escape sequence is: Esc = start-row start-column end-row end-column where: start-row and start-column are encoded ASCII characters that specify the beginning location of the area to be read (read start address).
Block Mode Operation The video and data attributes of the last field on the screen are also enforced for the positions at the top of the screen. This effectively overrides the Set Video Prior (Esc 7) setting. Read with Address Extended (Esc - J) The Esc - J sequence reads a specified area of the selected page by using either the normal or extended addressing format described in “Cursor and Buffer Addressing” on page 3-13.
Block Mode Operation For example, the following sequence reads an area starting at row 5, column 5 and ending at row 10, column 10: 1BH ]$ $ ) ) In nonprotect submode, the Esc ] sequence functions exactly like the Esc = sequence. In protect submode, the Esc ] sequence reads all fields in the specified area, regardless of whether their MDTs are set. This includes both protected and unprotected fields. Note In EM3270 mode, this sequence: Stores nulls rather than spaces in the screen buffer.
Block Mode Operation end-row and end-column are decimal numbers that specify the ending location for the areas to be read (read end address). K terminates the sequence. For example, the following sequence reads an area starting at row 5, column 5 and ending at row 10, column 72; 1BH - 5;5;10;72 K The Esc - K sequence functions like the Esc ] sequence, except for the difference in format. Clear Display Memory This group of escape sequences clears or erases all or parts of the selected page.
Block Mode Operation Clear Memory to Spaces Extended (Esc - I) The Esc - I sequence clears a specified area of the selected page, with extended addressing format as described in “Cursor and Buffer Addressing” on page 3-13. The escape sequence has the following format: Esc - start-row ; start-column ; end-row ; end-column I where: start-row and start-column are decimal numbers that specify the beginning location for the area to be cleared (start address).
Block Mode Operation Note Editing In EM3270 mode, this sequence stores nulls rather than spaces in the screen buffer. This group of escape sequences performs editing operations such as inserting and deleting lines and characters. These operations do not affect the current buffer address. Insert Line (Esc L) The Esc L sequence moves the display data down one line, starting at the line containing the current buffer address.
Block Mode Operation Insert Character (Esc O) The Esc O sequence inserts a blank space at the current buffer address. This results in moving all subsequent characters in the line (nonprotect submode) or in the field (protect submode) one position to the right. The right-most (last) character in the line or field is lost. In the case of a multiline field in protect submode, the characters wrap around to the next line. Characters are inserted in unprotected fields only.
Block Mode Operation The Set Terminal Configuration sequence (Esc v) followed by a set of code/value pairs (as listed in Table 3-5) sets new values for the terminal configuration parameters. Table 3-5.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-5.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-5. Terminal Configuration Parameters (continued) Configuration Parameter Baud rate 3-54 Code H Value Meaning Value Meaning 10 PFKey support, but no EM3270 support 11 PFKey and EM3270 support 0 50 9 1200 1 75 10 1800 2 110 11 2000 3 134.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-5.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-5. Terminal Configuration Parameters (continued) Configuration Parameter Default value = 7 Code Value Meaning Value Meaning 1 PCAT* 7 PSXl05* 2 PSXl0l* 8 6AX101* 3 6AX* 9 PSX102* 4 INTL* 10 PSXl06* 5 PCXT* * Denotes values returned on read; but not supported on write operations.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-6 lists the printer configuration parameters and shows the code and possible values for each. Table 3-6.
Block Mode Operation code is an ASCII character that uniquely identifies a configuration parameter. (See Table 3-5.) For example, the code A specifies the cursor type. value is a decimal number that specifies a value for the preceding configuration parameter. (See Table 3-5.) For example, a 0 value for the cursor type specifies an underscore with no blinking. terminator comprises the control characters ETX (03H) and LRC (Longitudinal Redundancy Check) in block mode.
Block Mode Operation Read Field-Selectable Color Configuration The Read Configuration escape sequence (Esc ?) enables a PATHWAY 6530 to recognize a 6530 field-selectable color. The additional character is an ASCII lower case letter e (65h) followed by a byte that specifies the current color support available. The bit field definition follows.
Block Mode Operation Read I/0 Device Configuration (Esc y) The Esc y sequence causes the 6530 to transmit the current values for the Auxl and Aux2 device configuration parameters to the host. The Esc y must be followed by a T and a decimal number that identifies the device (2 for the Auxl device and 3 for the Aux2 device). For example: Esc y T2 The message returned has the following general format: SOH !code value [code value ]...
Block Mode Operation CR is a control character (0DH) that terminates the sequence. The following example sets the form feed for a printer associated with the Auxl device: Esc x T2 G1 CR Read String Configuration Parameter (Esc - d) The Esc - d sequence causes the 6530 to transmit the current values for the configuration parameters with string values.
Block Mode Operation The left parenthesis ( ( ) identifies this message as a string value configuration message. string is the ASCII character string value for the parameter(s) read. When all seven parameters are returned, they are returned in the order specified by pn as listed above. DC2 is a control character (l2H) that acts as a delimiter for the string values. terminator comprises the control characters ETX (03H) and LRC (Longitudinal Redundancy Check) in block mode.
Block Mode Operation Read VTLAUNCH 6530 Configuration Parameter ( Esc - g ) The Esc - g escape sequence provides a mechanism for the host to identify the connected 6530 in Virtual Terminal Launch (VTLAUNCH). Host programs that have knowledge of various emulators can use this information to provide extended support for those recognizable devices. The Esc - g sequence causes the 6530 to transmit the current string values of its supported configuration parameters.
Block Mode Operation RTM Support The 6530 supports Response Time Measurement (RTM): collecting response time statistics, accepting commands to set up RTM collection parameters, and accepting commands that solicit a response containing the RTM data collected.
Block Mode Operation Five buckets will be configured by setting 4 bucket partitions at 200 csec, 400 csec, 1000 csec, 2000 csec, which results in the following buckets: Bucket: B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 Bucket boundaries: 0....2s....4s....10s....20s....infinity The 6530 also supports RTM Definite Response. Definite Response enables the host to elicit an expected 6530 response and measure the time between the request and the response. The facility for this is the Simulate Function Key (Esc d) escape sequence.
Block Mode Operation Here is an example escape sequence which will set the controls to the default values detailed above (Esc = escape character=) Esc-1;5;200;400;1000;2000i There is no response expected from the terminal. If there is a violation of syntax or range, the terminal ignores the escape sequence. RTM Data Upload (Esc - j) The Esc - j sequence causes an upload of RTM data to the host.
Block Mode Operation ov = An ASCII 1 to indicate that one of the buckets has reached the maximum count, or an ASCII 0 to indicate that no bucket has reached the maximum value of 65535. ETX LRC is a control character (0DH) that terminates the message. PFKey Support PFKey support is supported in block mode and EM3270 mode.
Block Mode Operation Null/Space Handling In EM3270 mode, nulls sent to the terminal are stored in the buffer at the current buffer address rather than being discarded.
Block Mode Operation Backtab key. When the cursor is located in the attribute character position or the first location of an unprotected field or in any character position of a protected field, this key moves the cursor to the first location of the first preceding unprotected data field. When the cursor is located in a location of an unprotected field other than the first location, this key moves the cursor to the first character location of that field.
Block Mode Operation Wraparound Fields In EM3270 mode, if there is no attribute at row 1, column 1, the last field on the screen wraps around to include any characters preceding the first attribute location on the screen.
Block Mode Operation Read Keyboard Latch (Esc - o) The Esc - o sequence enables the host application to determine if the user has issued any data keystrokes since the last keyboard unlock. The keyboard latch is reset each time the terminal receives an Unlock Keyboard (Esc b). The latch is set anytime the MDT bit of an unprotected field is set due to a keystroke. The latch may be read by using the following sequence.
Block Mode Operation Outbound Compression Outbound compression provides compression of repetitive characters sent from the 6530 to the Tandem host. In order for an application to determine if a particular terminal supports outbound compression, the value associated with the READ CONFIG (Esc ?) letter f (66h) must be checked. A value of 1 or 2 indicates support for outbound compression. A value of 0 indicates no support.
Block Mode Operation Bit 7 6 5 0 1 4 3 2 1 0 absolute count (0 - 31) 1 (mandatory) specifies that the character to repeat is ASCII zero (30h) parity Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 absolute count (0 - 63) specifies that the character to repeat is ASCII blank (20h) parity For example, the sequence DC4 H33 repeats the character 0 (zero) 19 times, beginning at the current buffer address on the selected page.
Block Mode Operation p1 is an ASCII character that specifies the number of times the character determined by p2 is repeated. Bit 7 is a parity bit; bits 6 - 0 represent the number of times to repeat the character (offset by 20). p2 is the displayable ASCII character to repeat. Bits 7-0 comprise the ASCII character. For example, the command DC2 3F 41 repeats the uppercase letter A 31 times, beginning at the buffer address of the selected page.
Block Mode Operation Bit 0 is always set to 1 for compatibility with the 653x. Bit 1 is set the first time this escape sequence is issued after a power up. Bits 2 and 4 are set or cleared based on the last output operation to the respective devices. Bits 3 and 5 are set only when the respective ports are busy outputting data. term-id is an ASCII character that identifies the terminal type. For the 6530, this is always F.
Block Mode Operation Get Machine Name (Esc - e) The Esc - e sequence is valid only for a workstation or PC that is running under MS-DOS on a Multilan connection. The escape sequence causes the 6530 to transmit the machine (LAN) name currently set for the workstation or PC. The returned message has the following format: SOH & string terminator where: SOH is a control character (OlH) that acts as a start of header for messages returned to the host.
Block Mode Operation drive is an ASCII character in the range of 41H through 5AH that specifies the current default drive of the workstation or PC. DC2 is a control character (12H) used to delimit the following string values. string1 is an ASCII string of 1 or more characters that represents the full pathname (starting from the root and including the backslash) of the current directory for the specified drive.
Block Mode Operation This abort can be avoided if your application observes the following sequence: 1. Lock the keyboard (Esc c sequence). 2. Check the status for a print in process (Esc ^ sequence). 3. If no print is in process, send the new print request (Esc 0 sequence). 4. Unlock the keyboard (Esc b sequence). A program reset, system reset, or mode switch will also abort a print operation in process.
Block Mode Operation terminator is a decimal number in the range of 3 through 127 that specifies a terminating character you have chosen to represent the end-of-text sequence. The number represents the decimal value of the ASCII character code. For example, the number 19 specifies a DC3 control character (l3H). If this parameter is omitted, a DC2 control character (12H) is assumed. Note Make sure the data passed to the device is terminated properly.
Block Mode Operation data is the data to be written to the device when a write (40) operation is specified. A space must precede the data.
Block Mode Operation SPACE represents a space (hex value H20), which must precede the data. data is the data to be written to the device when a write (40) operation is specified. A space must precede the data.
Block Mode Operation data is the data read from the device when a read operation is specified. 0nly 255 bytes of text data can be returned at one time. To perform sequential read operations, your application should continue issuing the Esc } sequence until 0 bytes are returned in data. terminator comprises the control characters ETX (03H) and LRC (Longitudinal Redundancy Check) in block mode. See the programmer’s guide for your operating system for more information on performing I/O on a device driver.
Block Mode Operation Report Exec Return Code (Esc - W) The Esc - W sequence returns the Exec function return code, as well as the return and exit codes for the child process started by an Esc - V sequence. The returned message has the following format: SOH $ execcode proccodel proccode2 proccode3 terminator where: SOH is a control character (01H) that acts as a start of header for messages returned to the host. The dollar sign ($) identifies this message as an MS-DOS return code message.
Block Mode Operation proccode2 and proccode3 are ASCII characters in the range of 20H to 2FH whose ASCII codes offset by 1FH represent the nibble values for the child process exit code. The most significant nibble is represented by proccode2, and the least significant nibble is represented by proccode3. terminator comprises the control characters ETX (03H) and LRC (Longitudinal Redundancy Check) in block mode. See the programmer’s guide for your operating system for more information.
Block Mode Operation p2 specifies the column on the display at which the redefined video attributes begin. The format is the same as that of the “Set Buffer Address (DC1)” on page 3-15.
Block Mode Operation Field Definitions Tables Table 3-9 on page 3-86 lists the default values for the Fixed Field Definitions table. Values on the Fixed Field Definitions table are set by PATHWAY and EM3270 and cannot be changed. Table 3-10 on page 3-89 lists the default values of the Variable Field Definitions table.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-9.
Block Mode Operation 3-88 6530 Programmer’s Guide
Block Mode Operation Table 3-10.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-10.
Block Mode Operation If p1 = 1 (31h), all the Variable Field Definitions table values are reinitialized to their defaults. For example, the sequence Esc - 1 s returns every value in the Variable Field Definitions table to its default. If p1 = 0, p2 indicates the beginning element number of the Variable Field Definitions table to change. ASCII values can range from 1 (or 01) to 32. If p1 = 0, p3 indicates the ending element number of the Variable Field Definitions table to change.
Block Mode Operation Disable Local Line Editing (Esc N) The Esc N sequence disables the insert line and delete line operations on the keyboard (Ctrl-Ins and Ctrl-Del keys) and redefines these keys as additional function keys. These function key definitions are in effect until one of the following occurs: n n n A reinitialize (Esc q) sequence is issued. Block mode is exited and reentered. A transition is made from protect to nonprotect submode.
Block Mode Operation cursor specifies the row and column for the current cursor position. This will have either the normal or the extended addressing format as described in “Cursor and Buffer Addressing” on page 313. Write to Message Field (Esc o) The Esc o sequence allows your application program to write text into the message field of the message/status line. (See Chapter 1 for a discussion of the message/status line format).
Block Mode Operation Esc - p1 z 1B 2D p 7A (hex values) where: p1 is the exit error-level (an ASCII decimal value). Execute Self Test (Esc z) This command sequence is used at the factory to run self-tests on terminals (not terminal emulators). Shift Out to G1 Character Set (S0) The S0 control character (0EH) shifts the 6530 to the G1 character set. Thus, graphics characters in the G1 set are displayed on the screen.
Block Mode Operation Your application program can assign any operation to these keys. When one of the function keys is pressed, the 6530 locks the keyboard and, on the next read, transmits a message to the host. The function key message has the following general format: SOH keycode page cursor ETX LRC where: SOH is a control character (01H) that acts as a start of header for messages returned to the host.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-11.
Block Mode Operation Keyboard Operations All keyboard operations take place on the display page at the current cursor position. As a character is entered, the cursor moves one position to the right. In block mode, the Esc key is disabled. The Ctrl key does not generate ASCII control codes as in conversational mode (except for 50 and 51). Only the function keys transmit codes to the host. The remaining keys typically perform a local action within the display page, as described in Table 3-12.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-12. Keyboard Operations (continued) Key(s) Description Home Moves the cursor to row 1, column 1 of the page. In protect submode moves the cursor to the first unprotected position on the page. Ctrl-Home Moves the cursor to the column following the last nonblank character on the page. In protect submode, moves the cursor to the column following the last unprotected nonblank character on the page.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-12. Keyboard Operations (continued) Key(s) Description In protect submode, moves the cursor up one line. If that position is protected, the cursor moves to the first position of the previous unprotected field (back tab). The cursor wraps to the last line of the page if necessary. down arrow Moves the cursor down one line. If the cursor is initially in the last line on the page, the cursor wraps to the first line of the page.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-12. Keyboard Operations (continued) Key(s) Description Alt-Ins Places the 6530 in insert mode, which automatically inserts characters as they are typed. Ins Exits insert mode if the 6530 is currently in insert mode. Otherwise, moves all characters (from the current cursor position to the end of the line) one position to the right and inserts a space at the cursor. If a character was initially in the last column of the line, it is discarded.
Block Mode Operation Table 3-12. Keyboard Operations (continued) Key(s) Description Shift-Alt-2 Erases characters, starting from the current cursor position, to the end of the page. In protect submode, erases all characters in unprotected fields, starting from the current cursor position to the end of the page. 6530 Programmer’s Guide Shift-Prt Sc Prints the contents of the display page. Alt-Scroll Lock Asserts a signal that effectively hangs up the line and disconnects the modem.
Block Mode Operation 3-102 6530 Programmer’s Guide
4 Tandem NonStop Kernel Application Interface This chapter explains how to use the file system procedure calls in your application and provides a programming example. On a NonStop host, the interface between your application program and the 6530 involves several processes, as shown in the following illustration.
Tandem NonStop Kernel Application Interface To communicate with the 6530, your application makes calls to the Guardian file system requesting various I/O operations, such as reads and writes. These calls access a set of generic procedures used to perform I/O on different types of devices as well as files. The workstation or PC is treated as a system terminal. The use of generic procedure calls for I/O makes most of the device-specific details transparent to your application.
Tandem NonStop Kernel Application Interface File System Procedure Calls To communicate with a terminal, your application typically first calls the OPEN procedure with the symbolic name for the device. Then to write data (which can include control codes and escape sequences as well as displayable data) to the terminal, your application calls the WRITE procedure, passing the name of the buffer containing the data to be written.
Tandem NonStop Kernel Application Interface Table 4-1. 4-4 File System Procedure Calls Procedure Function AWAITIO Waits for completion of an outstanding I/O operation pending on an open device. CANCELREQ Cancels the oldest outstanding operation, optionally identified by a tag, on an open device. CLOSE Terminates access to an open device. CONTROL Executes device-dependent operations on an open device; used for forms control and modem connect/ disconnect.
Tandem NonStop Kernel Application Interface Programming Example The following is an example of an application written in the Transaction Application Language (TAL) for interaction with the 6530.
Tandem NonStop Kernel Application Interface STRING .buffer^s := @buffer ’<<’ 1 ; STRING .
Tandem NonStop Kernel Application Interface END; !----------------------------------------------------------SUBPROC SET^BUFF^ADDRESS(ROW_,COL_); INT ROW_,COL_; BEGIN tube^out^p[0] := DC1; tube^out^p[1] := (ROW_) ’+’ %37; tube^out^p[2] := (COL_) ’+’ %37; buffer^s ’:=’ tube^out^p for 3; CALL write ( fnum , buffer , 3 ) ; END; !----------------------------------------------------------SUBPROC SET^CURSO^ADDRESS(ROW_,COL_); INT ROW_,COL_; BEGIN tube^out^p[0] := DC3; tube^out^p[1] := (ROW_) ’+’ %37; tube^out^p[2
Tandem NonStop Kernel Application Interface buffer^s ’:=’ [set^enhance^color] -> @e ; Color Field Mapping -- Set Enhanced CALL write ( fnum , buffer , @e ’-’ @buffer^s ) ; buffer^s ’:=’ [order^sfe^color , %h20 , %h51 , %h40 , %h30 ,%h32 , %h42 , %h21 , %h45 , %h24 ] -> @e ; color field --Start enhanced CALL write ( fnum , buffer , @e ’-’ @buffer^s ) ; char := " "; FOR R := 1 TO 24 DO BEGIN FOR C := 1 TO 80 DO BEGIN call SET^CURSO^ADDRESS (R,C); call SET^BUFF^ADDRESS (R, C); if (char = %h7F) then char :
Tandem NonStop Kernel Application Interface END; EXIT1: buffer^s ’:=’ [reset^color^conf] -> @e ; CALL write ( fnum , buffer , @e ’-’ @buffer^s ) ; buffer^s ’:=’ [exit^prot] -> @e; CALL write ( fnum , buffer , @e ’-’ @buffer^s ) ; CALL setmode( fnum , 8 , 0 , 0 ); conv mode -- Back to buffer^s ’:=’ ["Test is OK.
Tandem NonStop Kernel Application Interface 4-10 6530 Programmer’s Guide
A ASCII Character Set This appendix lists the characters of the standard ASCII character set, which is supported by the 6530. The characters are divided into two groups: control characters and graphics (displayable) characters. Table A lists the control characters as well as their ASCII codes, the functions they perform, and the keys used to invoke them from the keyboard (conversational mode only). Although all the control characters can be generated, the 6530 only recognizes a subset of these codes.
ASCII Character Set Table A-1.
ASCII Character Set Table A-2. Character 6530 Programmer’s Guide Graphics Characters ASCII Code Character ASCII Code Character ASCII Code space 20H @ 40H ‘ 60H ! 21H A 41H a 61H “ 22H B 42H b 62H # 23H C 43H c 63H $ 24H D 44H d 64H % 25H E 45H e 65H & 26H F 46H f 66H ‘ 27H G 47H g 67H ( 28H H 48H h 68H ) 29H I 49H i 69H * 2AH J 5AH j 6AH + 2BH K 5BH k 6BH ‘ 2CH L 5CH l 6CH - 2DH M 5DH m 6DH .
ASCII Character Set Table A-2.
B International Characters The 6530 supports two ISO standards used for international characters: n n ISO 646 for character sets (including the US ASCII character set) that comprise 96 7-bit codes. ISO 8859 for character sets that comprise 256 8-bit codes. The use of the eighth bit in ISO 8859 character sets enables these sets to include non-ASCII characters, such as à or ç.
International Characters Table B-1. Language ASCII / International Language Characters Characters ASCII (U.S.
C Control Codes and Escape Sequences This appendix summarizes the control codes and escape sequences you can use in your application to control operation of the 6530. Table C-1 lists the codes and sequences used in conversational and block mode. Chapters 3 and 4 describe these in detail. The table lists the control codes and escape sequences according to their ASCII code and briefly describes the function of each. The page number indicates the location(s) in the sections of the detailed descriptions.
Control Codes and Escape Sequences Table C-1.
Control Codes and Escape Sequences Table C-1.
Control Codes and Escape Sequences Table C-1.
Control Codes and Escape Sequences Table C-1.
Control Codes and Escape Sequences C-6 6530 Programmer’s Guide
D Data Type Table This appendix contains the predefined data type table for the standard ASCII character set. In protect submode of block mode, the 6530 uses this table, along with the data type attribute selected for a particular field, to perform data type checking on characters entered from the keyboard. The data types (0 through 7) specify a range or category of characters as shown in Table D-1: Table D-1. Data Type 6530 Programmer’s Guide Data Type Table Meaning 0 Free entry.
Data Type Table The data type table defines the characters that are valid for each data type. As data is entered from the keyboard, the 6530 checks each character to determine whether it falls in the range of valid characters for the selected data type. If the character is valid, the 6530 writes the character into the field and continues processing.
Data Type Table Table D-2. ASCII Data Type Table (continued) Bit/Data Type 6530 Programmer’s Guide Character ASCII Code 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Hex Digits .
Data Type Table Table D-2.
Data Type Table Table D-2.
Data Type Table Table D-2.
Index Symbols ! - configuration message 3-57 (Esc - J) read with address extended 3-46 (BS) backspace 3-18 (Esc - K) read with address all extended 3-47 (CR) 3-41 (Esc - m) set EM3270 mode 3-67 (CR) carriage return 3-18 (Esc - s) define/update variable table 3-89 (DC1) 3-69 (DC1) set buffer address 3-15, 3-42 (DC2) 3-77 to start extended data compression 3-73 (Esc - V) load and execute an operating system program 3-82 (Esc - W) report exec return code 383 (DC3 set cursor address 3-14 (Esc - x) se
Index (Esc {) write to file or device name 3-79 (Esc W) enter protect submode 3-35 (Esc }) write/read to file or device name 3-80 (Esc x) set I/O device configuration 3-60 (Esc 0) print page 3-77 (Esc X) exit protect submode 3-36 (Esc 1) set tab 3-19 (Esc y) read I/O device configuration 3-60 (Esc 2) clear tab 3-19 (Esc z) execute self test 3-93 (Esc 3) clear all tabs 3-19 (Esc-r) Define Extended Data Type Table 3-40 (Esc 6) set video attributes 2-18, 3-2, 3-27, 3-33, 3-37, 3-38, 3-41, 3-42 (Es
Index ASCII graphics characters 1-8 Attribute video 1-7 auto-tab disable 3-5 Auto-tab disable attribute 1-7 AUX2 device name parameter 1-16 AWAITIO 4-4 clear memory to spaces (Esc I) 2-10, 3-48 clear memory to spaces extended (Esc - I) 3-49 clear tab (Esc 2) 2-9, 3-19 CLOSE 4-4 color enhancement query (Esc ?) 2-24 Bell volume parameter 1-17 color mapping parameters color mapping 2-15, 3-24 normal background color 2-15, 3-24 normal foreground color 2-15, 3-24 normal intensity 2-15, 3-24 underline backgr
Index normal intensity 1-20 packet blocking 1-21 parity 1-21 print form feed 1-21 print line terminator 1-22 read I/O device configuration 2-31 read string configuration parameter 2-32 read terminal configuration 2-30 read VTLAUNCH 6530 configuration parameter 2-33 resource name 1-22 screen saver 1-22 session name 1-23 set I/O device configuration 2-31 set string configuration parameter 2-33 set terminal configuration 2-30 SPS 1-23 transmit line 1-23 window name 1-23 configuration values 3-51 read field-se
Index start field extended bit patterns 3-38 table of data types D2 upshift 1-7, 306 E EDC (extended data compression) 3-73 data types auto-tab disable 3-5 editing 3-50 delete character 3-51 delete line 3-50 insert character 3-51 insert line 3-50 DC2 3-78 EGA 2-24, 3-34 default video attribute colors 2-24, 3-34 EM3270 mode 3-41, 3-44, 3-45, 3-47 outbound compression 3-72 PFKey performance feature 3-71 read all locations (Esc - n) 3-70 read keyboard latch (Esc - o) 3-71 read with address all (Esc]) 3
Index simulate function key 2-49, 3-91 start extended data compression 3-73 start limited data compression 3-72 terminate remote 6530 operation 3-92 unlock keyboard 2-49, 3-91 write to message field 2-49, 3-92 Esc control character as header 3-6 escape sequences 2-2, 3-6 Exec function 1-11 execute self test (Esc z) 2-51, 3-93 exit protect submode (Esc X) 3-36 extended addressing 2-5, 3-13 F field definition tables 3-86 fields and field attributes 3-1 get current directory and redirection information (Es
Index K N keyboard operation 1-10, 3-96 keys that generate ASCII codes 2-53 keys that perform local operation 2-54 nonprotect submode 3-18 keyboard operations 2-53 NonStop 4-1 file system procedure calls 4-1, 4-4 programming examples 4-1 normal addressing 2-5, 3-13 keyboard parameter 1-19 Normal intensity parameter 1-20 L null/space handling in EM3270 mode 3-68 LDC (limited data compression) 3-73 line feed (LF) 2-8, 3-17 O load and execute an operating system program (Esc - V) 2-46, 3-82 OPEN
Index programming examples 4-1, 4-5 Protect attribute 1-7 read screen with all attributes (Esc Q) 3-34 protect submode 3-1, 3-13, 3-18, 3-35 define data type table 3-39 enter protect submode (Esc W) 3-35 exit protect submode 3-36 reset modified data tags 3-38 start field (GS) 3-37 start field extended 3-38 read string configuration parameter (Esc - d) 2-32, 3-61 protected field 1-6 read VTLAUNCH 6530 configuration parameter ( Esc - g ) 2-33, 3-63 R read terminal configuration (Esc ?) 2-30, 3-57 read
Index S SETMODE procedure call 1-15 screen format 1-1 cursor location 2-5 SETMODENOWAIT 4-4 screen printing 1-11 screen saver parameter 1-22 session name parameter 1-23 set 40-character line width (Esc 8) 340 set 40-character screen width (Esc t) 3-40 set 6530 color mapping (Esc - x) 3-32 set 80-character line width (Esc 9) 3-40 set buffer address (DC1) 3-15, 3-42 set buffer address extended (Esc - C) 3-16 Setting parameters from the application 1-16 shift in to G0 character set (S1) 2-51, 3-93 shift
Index tables ASCII control characters A1 data attributes summary 3-5 data types D2 define data type 3-39 EM3270 mode terminal return values 3-58 field definitions formats 3-86 file system procedure calls (NonStop) 4-4 fixed field definitions table assigned by EM3270 3-86 function key codes 2-52, 3-94 keyboard operation 3-96 keys that generate ASCII codes 2-53 printer configuration parameters 3-57 start field extended attributes 3-38 terminal configuration parameters 3-52 variable field definitions 3-88 vid
Index write to file or device name (Esc {) 2-43, 3-79 write to message field (Esc o) 2-49, 3-92 write/read operation 4-3 write/read to file or device name (Esc }) 2-44, 3-80 Writeread operation 1-11 WRITEREAD procedure 4-4 WRITEREAD procedure call 1-15 6530 Programmer’s Guide Index-11
Index Index-12 6530 Programmer’s Guide
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