FORTRAN Reference Manual

Glossary
FORTRAN Reference Manual—528615-001
Glossary-4
process.
process. A program that has been submitted to the operating system for execution, or a
program that is currently running in the computer.
process identification number (PIN). A number that uniquely identifies a process running
in a processor. The same number can exist in other processors in the same system.
Internally, a PIN is used as an index into the process control block (PCB) table.
program file. An executable object file. It must contain an entry point with the MAIN
attribute.
run-time environment. The run-time services provided to a program by library routines.
run-time library. A collection of routines that supports requests for services such as I/O and
heap management, math and string functions, exception handling, and error reporting.
single-language program. A program in which all routines are written in the same
programming language.
spooler collector. A process to which applications write data that is to be written to a
printer device.
stack checkpoint. A checkpoint that sends a copy of all current local and sublocal data to a
backup process by including the clause STACK = 'YES' in a CHECKPOINT, OPEN, or
CLOSE statement. I/O statements such as READ and WRITE statements do stack
checkpoints if they implicitly open a unit.
standard file. A file that your program can use with minimal or no changes to the file’s
attributes. The CRE supports three standard files—standard input, standard output,
and standard log—that correspond to the files STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR in a C
programming environment.
standard input. A file from which a program can read sequential records. Each program
defines how standard input is used according to the needs of the application. Standard
input is analogous to the file STDIN in C. If you run your program from a TACL
command line, standard input corresponds to the file you specify with the IN run-
option.
standard log. A file to which a program can write sequential records. The records written to
standard log are usually informational, warning, or error messages that describe
exceptional conditions in a program. Standard log is analogous to the file STDERR in
C.
standard output. A file to which a program can write sequential records. The program
defines how standard output is used according to the needs of the application.
Standard output is analogous to the file STDOUT in C. If you run your program from a
TACL command line, standard output corresponds to the file you specify with the OUT
run-option.
sublocal data. In FORTRAN, dummy arguments to statement functions.