Guardian Programmer's Guide

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Table Of Contents

Guardian Programmer’s Guide
Contents
What’s New in This Manual
- Manual Information
- New and Changed Information
About This Manual
- Contents
- Related Reading
- Notation Conventions
Legal Notices
- HP Encourages Your Comments
1 Introduction to Guardian Programming
- Providing Fault Tolerance
- System Services
- The Requester/Server Application Model
- Accessing Guardian Procedures
- TNS/E Program Execution Modes
  - Similarities and Differences Between H-series RVUs on the TNS/E Platform and G-Series RVUs on the TNS/R Platform
- TNS/R Program Execution Modes
- Using Parameter Declarations Files
- Synchronizing Processes
2 Using the File System
- File Concepts
- File Names
- Location Independent Disk-File Names
- Passing File Names to Processes
  - Using CLASS MAP DEFINEs
  - Using the Startup Sequence
- Creating and Accessing Files
- Accessing Files: An Example
3 Coordinating Concurrent File Access
- Setting the Access Mode
- Setting the Exclusion Mode
- Locking a File
- Avoiding Deadlocks
  - Avoiding Multiple-Process Deadlocks
  - Avoiding Single-Process Deadlocks
4 Using Nowait Input/Output
- Overview of Nowait Input/Output
- Applying a Nowait Operation on a Single File
- Applying Multiple Nowait Operations on a Single File
- Applying Nowait Operations to Multiple Files
- Nowait I/O: An Example
- Using FILE_COMPLETE_ and its Companion Procedures
- Nowait-Depth
5 Communicating With Disk Files
- Types of Disk Files
- Using Unstructured Files
- Using Relative Files
- Using Entry-Sequenced Files
- Using Key-Sequenced Files
- Using Partitioned Files
  - Creating Partitioned Files
  - Accessing Partitioned Files
- Using Alternate Keys
6 Communicating With Processes
- Sending and Receiving Messages: An Introduction
- Sending Messages to Other Processes
  - Opening a Process
  - Writing Messages to Another Process
- Queuing Messages on $RECEIVE
- Receiving and Replying to Messages From Other Processes
- Receiving Messages From Other Processes: One-Way Communication
- Handling Multiple Messages Concurrently
- Checking for Canceled Messages
  - Checking for Cancellation Messages
  - Using the MESSAGESTATUS Procedure
- Receiving and Processing System Messages
- Handling Errors
- Communicating With Processes: Sample Programs
  - Programming the Requester
  - Programming the Server
7 Using DEFINEs
- Example Uses for DEFINEs
- DEFINE Names
- DEFINE Attributes
- Working With DEFINEs
  - Enabling DEFINEs
  - Referring to DEFINEs
- Adding DEFINEs
- Using DEFINEs: An Example
8 Communicating With a TACL Process
- Setting Up the Process Environment
- Obtaining Startup Information
  - Using INITIALIZER to Read the Startup Message
  - Processing the Startup Message
- Using ASSIGNs and PARAMs
- Setting a Timeout Value for INITIALIZER
- Reading the Startup Sequence Without INITIALIZER
- Waking the TACL Process
- Causing the TACL Process to Display Text
9 Communicating With Devices
- Overview of I/O Subsystem
- Addressing Devices
- Accessing Devices
- Controlling Devices
- Getting Device Information
  - Additional Device Information (G-series Only)
10 Communicating With Terminals
- Accessing a Terminal
- Communicating in Conversational Mode
- Communicating in Page Mode
- Managing the BREAK Key
- Recovering From Errors
11 Communicating With Printers
- Accessing a Printer
  - Procedures for Working With Printers
  - A Printer Program Outline
- Using the Printer Control Language
  - Controlling the Printer
  - Commonly Used PCL Escape Sequences
- Programming for Tandem Laser Printers
- Programming for Tandem Matrix Line Printers
- Recovering From Errors
  - Recovering From a “Device Not Ready” Error
  - Recovering From Path Errors
- Sample Program for Using a Printer
12 Communicating With Magnetic Tape
- Accessing Magnetic Tape: An Introduction
- Positioning the Tape
- Reading and Writing Tape Records
  - Reading Tape Records
  - Writing Tape Records
- Blocking Tape Records
- Working in Buffered Mode
- Working With Standard Labeled Tapes
- Accessing a Labeled Tape File: An Example
- Working With Unlabeled Tapes
- Terminating Tape Access
- Recovering From Errors
- Accessing an Unlabeled Tape File: An Example
13 Manipulating File Names
- Overview
  - Identifying Portions of File Names
  - Working With File-Name Patterns
- Scanning, Resolving, and Unresolving File Names
- Modifying Portions of a File Name
- Comparing File Names
- Searching For and Matching File-Name Patterns
- Manipulating File Names: An Example
14 Using the IOEdit Procedures
- When to Use and When Not to Use EDIT Files
- Overview of IOEdit
- Creating, Opening, and Initializing an IOEdit File
- Reading and Writing an IOEdit File
- Using Nowait I/O With IOEdit Files
- Compressing an IOEdit File
- Closing an IOEdit File
  - Closing a Single File
  - Closing All EDIT Files
15 Using the Sequential Input/Output Procedures
- An Introduction to the SIO Procedures
- Initializing SIO Files Using TAL or pTAL DEFINEs
- Opening and Creating SIO Files
- Getting Information About SIO Files
- Reading and Writing SIO Files
- Accessing EDIT Files
  - Opening an EDIT File
  - Setting the Read Position
- Handling Nowait I/O
  - Waiting for One File
  - Waiting for Any File
- Handling Interprocess Messages
- Handling System Messages
  - Selecting or Masking System Messages
  - Reading System Messages
- Handling BREAK Ownership
- Handling SIO Errors
- Closing SIO Files
- Initializing SIO Files Without TAL or pTAL DEFINEs
- Using the SIO Procedures: An Example
16 Creating and Managing Processes
- Process Management Overview
- Creating Processes
- Sending the Startup Sequence to a Process
  - Sending and Receiving the Startup Message
  - Sending and Receiving Assign and Param Messages
- Monitoring a Child Process
- Deleting Processes
- Suspending and Activating Processes
- Getting and Setting Process Information
  - Getting Process Information
  - Setting Process Information
- Manipulating Process Identifiers
17 Managing Memory
- An Introduction to Memory-Management Procedures
- Managing the User Data Areas
- Using (Extended) Data Segments
- Using Memory Pools
18 Managing Time
- How the System Keeps Time
- Using the Time Management Procedures
- Time and Date Manipulation
- Timing in Elapsed Time and Timing in Process Time
- Measuring Long Time Intervals
  - A Sample Long-Range Timer
- Managing System Time
19 Formatting and Manipulating Character Data
- Using the Formatter
  - Format-Directed Formatting
  - List-Directed Formatting
- Manipulating Character Strings
- Programming With Multibyte Character Sets
20 Interfacing With the ERROR Program
- Creating an ERROR Process
- Opening an ERROR Process
- Sending an ERROR Process a Startup Message
- Reading and Processing Error-Message Text
- Closing and Deleting an ERROR Process
- Using the ERROR Process: An Example
21 Writing a Requester Program
- Functions of a Requester
- File System I/O Synchronization
- Writing a Requester Program: An Example
22 Writing a Server Program
- Functions of a Server Process
- Maintaining an Opener Table
- Writing a Server Program: An Example
23 Writing a Command-Interpreter Monitor ($CMON)
- Communicating With TACL Processes
- Controlling the Configuration of a TACL Process
  - Retaining Default Values
  - Setting Configuration Parameters
- Controlling Logon and Logoff
- Controlling Passwords
  - When the User Requests to Change a Local Password
  - When the User Requests to Change a Remote Password
- Controlling Process Creation
  - Controlling the Priority of a New Process
  - Controlling the CPU of a New Process
- Controlling Change of Process Priority
- Controlling Adding and Deleting Users
  - Controlling Adding a User
  - Controlling Deleting a User
- Controlling $CMON While the System Is Running
- Writing a $CMON Program: An Example
  - Sample $CMON Program
  - Sample Command-Interface Program
- Debugging a TACL Monitor ($CMON)
  - A TACL Macro for Debugging and Testing a $CMON Program
  - Procedure for Debugging and Testing a TACL Monitor ($CMON)
24 Writing a Terminal Simulator
- Specifying Device Subtype 30
  - Why Device Subtype 30 Must Be Specified
  - How to Specify Device Subtype 30
- Assigning a Name to the Terminal-Simulation Process
- Accepting System Messages Through $RECEIVE
- Specifying How to Process System Messages
  - Allowing the Requester to Specify the last-params Parameter
  - Allowing the Requester to Call SETPARAM
- Processing I/O Requests
- Processing System Messages
- Managing the BREAK Key
25 Debugging, Trap Handling, and Signal Handling
- Invoking a Debugger
  - Getting a Process Into the Debug State
  - Specifying the Debugging Environment
- Handling Trap Conditions
- Handling Signals
26 Synchronizing Processes
- How Binary Semaphores Work
- Summary of Guardian Binary Semaphore Procedures
- Using the Binary Semaphore Procedure Calls
- Binary Semaphore Interface Declarations
- Binary Semaphore Example
- BINSEM_GETSTATS_ and BINSEM_STAT_VERSION_ Example
27 Fault-Tolerant Programming in C
- Overview of Active Backup Programming
- Summary of Active Backup Processing
- What the Programmer Must Do
  - Planning Tasks
  - Programming Tasks
- C Extensions That Support Active Backup Programming
- Organizing an Active Backup Program
  - Primary Process Organization
  - Backup Process Organization
- Updating State Information
- Providing Communication Between the Primary and Backup Processes
- Programming Considerations
  - Compile-Time and Linker Considerations
  - Run-Time Considerations
- Comparison of Active Backup and Passive Backup
- Active Backup Example 1
- Active Backup Example 2
28 Using Floating-Point Formats
- Differences Between Tandem and IEEE Floating-Point Formats
- Building and Running IEEE Floating-Point Programs
- Compiling and Linking Floating-Point Programs
- Link-Time Consistency Checking
- Run-Time Consistency Checking
- Run-Time Support
- Debugging Options
- Conversion Routines
- Floating-Point Operating Mode Routines
A Mixed Data Model Programming
- Using 64-bit Addressable Memory
Glossary
Index

Index

Guardian Programmer’s Guide—421922-014

Index-33

Terminal simulator (continued)

system messages 24-3/24-5,

24-9/24-13

Terminal s

accessing 10-1/10-10

block mode

See Page mode

BREAK key 10-23/10-36

BREAK mode 10-27/10-36

BREAK ownership 15-55/15-59

releasing 10-26

taking 10-25/10-26

closing 10-10

communicating with 10-1/10-41

conversational mode

See Conversational mode

echo mode 10-9

errors 10-36/10-41

form feed 10-17/10-18

interrupt characters

See Interrupt characters

I/O with 1-6, 2-23, 10-6/10-8

line spacing 10-16/10-17

line-termination character 10-11/10-12

opening 10-4/10-6

page mode

See Page mode

pseudopolled 10-22/10-23

reading from 10-6

simulating

See Terminal simulator

timeout 10-8

transfer mode 10-9/10-10

writing to 10-6

writing to and reading from 10-7/10-8

TIME command 18-26

TIME procedure 18-26

Time signal message 18-16/18-17

Time zones 18-2

Timekeeping 1-9

TIMESTAMP procedure 18-3, 18-14

Timestamps

See 48-bit timestamps

See Julian timestamps

Time, managing 1-9, 18-1/18-36

Timing, intervals 1-9, 18-7/18-8,

18-15/18-19

long 18-20/18-24

TM/MP 1-2, 1-8

TNS processes 1-23, 16-5

TNS/E debugging tools 25-1

TNS/R execution modes 1-23

TNS/R native processes 1-23, 16-5

TNS/R native signal

defined Glossary-33

TNS/R systems

trap handling on 25-15

To-RISC shell 16-5/16-7

Transaction Manager/MP (TM/MP) 1-2, 1-8

Transparent mode 10-15

Trap

defined Glossary-33

Trap handler

default 25-10/25-11

defined Glossary-34

examples of 25-16/25-20

exiting 25-13/25-15

introduction to 25-9/25-11

setting up 25-11/25-12

trap processing 25-12/25-13

Trap handling 1-9, 25-9

on TNS/R systems 25-15

TS_NANOSECS_ procedure 18-4

TS_UNIQUE_COMPARE_ procedure 18-4

TS_UNIQUE_CONVERT_ procedure 18-4

TS_UNIQUE_CONVERT_TO_JULIAN_

procedure 18-4

TS_UNIQUE_CREATE_ procedure 18-2