Data Management Library Introduction to ENFORM Abstract Part Number This manual introduces ENFORM, a query and report writing language for retrieving data managed by the ENCOMPASS Distributed Data Base Management System. It provides an overview of ENFORM and instructions for new users of the product.
Document History Note Edition Part Number Operating System Version Date First Edition Second Edition 82313 A00 058051 Guardian 90 Guardian 90 October 1981 July 1991 The second edition of this manual was reformatted in July 1991; no changes were made to the manual’s content at that time. New editions incorporate any updates issued since the previous edition. Copyright All rights reserved.
Contents Preface Section 1 vii Overview of ENFORM Introducing ENFORM 1-2 Language--Definition 1-2 Nonprocedural--Definition 1-2 Queries and Reports--Definition 1-2 Relational Database--Definition 1-3 Powerful--Definition 1-4 Online Transaction Products 1-5 Online Transaction Processing 1-5 Online Transaction Processing and ENFORM Summary of ENFORM Features 1-8 Shared Access 1-8 Database Searching 1-9 Host Language Interface 1-10 New Data Relationships 1-10 Use Over an EXPAND Network Section 2 1-6 1-11
Contents Building the Target File Report Writing Section 4 3-5 3-7 Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Starting ENFORM Opening a File 4-3 4-3 Listing Information From a File Onto a Report Listing Parts of a File 4-5 Sorting a File Listing 4-6 4-4 Restricting the Information that Appears on a Report 4-7 Connecting Files 4-9 Connecting Files By Using the Where Clause 4-9 Using the LINK Statement to Connect Files 4-10 Controlling the Appearance of the Report 4-11 Specifying Column Headings 4-1
Contents Figure 1-9 Linking Files Figure 1-10 Using ENFORM over a Network Figure 2-1 Example of Conversational ENFORM Session Figure 2-2 Temporary Queries Figure 2-3 Stored Queries Figure 2-4 Compiled Queries Figure 2-5 Five Steps to Using ENFORM Figure 2-6 Parts, Fromsup, and Supplier Files Figure 2-7 Example of Simple Formatted ENFORM Report Figure 2-8 Example of Grouping and Sorting Items in a Report Figure 2-9 Example of Item Formatting and New Items on a Report 2-12 Figure 2-10
Contents vi Figure 4-17 Standard Report With One Item Totaled Figure 4-18 Standard Report With One Item Totaled and Subtotaled 4-17 Figure 4-19 Standard Report With Derived Fields Figure 4-20 Standard Report With Aggregated Value 058051 Tandem Computers Incorporated 4-16 4-18 4-19
Preface This publication is an introduction to the ENFORM query and report writing language. ENFORM enables all users of a Tandem system to query an online database—to ask questions about their business and to retrieve the answers (as reports) on their terminals or as printed documents. This publication is for anybody who is about to use ENFORM for the first time.
1 Overview of ENFORM Information about your business is critical to controlling the business. You need this information to make timely and correct decisions, to satisfy customer or management requests, and to plan for the future. If your organization depends upon online transaction processing to run its business, you typically store large amounts of complex information as data files in a database. The data can change constantly and rapidly.
Overview of ENFORM Introducing ENFORM Introducing ENFORM Formally, ENFORM is defined as a powerful nonprocedural language for querying or developing reports on a relational database. This definition is complete and it does describe ENFORM. But, what does it mean to you? Language—Definition First and most important, ENFORM is a language: a formal way of expressing your information needs to the system by using ENFORM statements.
Overview of ENFORM Introducing ENFORM Queries enable you to retrieve information spontaneously. If you have an immediate need for information, you can enter an ENFORM statement and retrieve the information quickly. Contrast this to having to develop a program in COBOL or FORTRAN where preliminary planning and programming development is required.
Overview of ENFORM Introducing ENFORM Figure 1-3. Relation Information in a Relational Database Parts Fromsup Parts partnum partname inventory 14 DISC10MB 4102 9 DISC50MB 4103 .... Fromsup partnum suppnum partcost 15 8000.00 4102 6 14500.00 4103 .... location partcost K87 8000.00 K45 14500.00 PARTS-FROMSUP FILE . . . . partnum suppnum partcost price partnum partname inventory location 14 15 8000.00 4102 DISC10MB K87 4102 8000.00 9 6 4103 DISC50MB K45 14500.00 4103 14500.00 .... ....
Overview of ENFORM Online Transaction Products Online Transaction The Tandem distributed database management environment contains the following Products products: PATHWAY provides a simplified terminal-oriented interface for developing and controlling modular transaction processing applications. ENABLE automatically generates interactive update applications under PATHWAY. TMF maintains consistency of databases changed by transactions.
Overview of ENFORM Online Transaction Products Online Transaction Processing As illustrated in Figure 1-4, online transaction processing applications typically control a number of terminals and disk drives that are connected to a host computer on which the application software runs. The software connects users (through their terminals) to the database on the disk drives. The application software consists of transactions that are presented to the system by operators at the terminals.
Overview of ENFORM Online Transaction Products Figure 1-5. ENFORM in an Online Transaction Processing Environment Inventory Records Updated Print Inventory Reports Update Inventory Requester Server Accept Input . Begin-Transaction . . Send Request to Server . . End-Transaction Read Request . . . Update Database . . .
Overview of ENFORM Summary of ENFORM Features Summary of ENFORM ENFORM features include: Features Shared access to the database through a centralized dictionary. Database searching based on its own set of search algorithms. Support of use through a host language interface. The flexibility to specify new relationships between data. Access to files distributed over an EXPAND network.
Overview of ENFORM Summary of ENFORM Features The dictionary and the database files are shared resources: multiple operators can access them concurrently. Because ENFORM does not require an exclusive database and dictionary, they can be shared with other application transactions written in COBOL, FORTRAN, or TAL.
Overview of ENFORM Summary of ENFORM Features Host Language Interface Programs written in COBOL, TAL, or FORTRAN can use ENFORM to retrieve information from the database by saving compiled queries in a file and using ENFORM procedures to pass the queries to the query processor host language interface. Records are then returned from the query processor to the program (Figure 1-8).
Overview of ENFORM Summary of ENFORM Features New Data Relationships The files of a database are often interrelated. For example, Figure 1-9 shows two files (tables) that share a common field, partnum. The files were designed this way, intentionally, to associate inventory parts with information related to the suppliers that provide them.
Overview of ENFORM Summary of ENFORM Features However, because ENFORM consists of two processes (the compiler/report writer and the query processor), it is possible to efficiently process a distributed database and decrease network traffic. The query processor can be created at the network node where most of the data resides (Figure 1-10).
2 Using ENFORM—The Basics A session is the term that describes the period of time that you interact with ENFORM. Basically, a conversational session (one where ENFORM specifications are entered a line at a time) consists of the steps illustrated in Figure 2-1. Figure 2-1. Example of Conversational ENFORM Session Step You Enter 1. Start ENFORM and identify the dictionary subvolume ENFORM $data.rept 2. Identify the data descriptions for the files >OPEN parts, fromsup; 3.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Types of ENFORM Queries Types of ENFORM Queries Temporary Queries There are three types of ENFORM queries: 1. temporary 2. stored 3. compiled A temporary query is illustrated in Figure 2-2. In this type of query, the ENFORM specifications are entered conversationally and saved. The LIST statement is executed immediately after it is entered. Temporary queries are useful for spontaneous access to the database when the query is relatively simple; i.e.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Five Easy Steps to Using ENFORM Compiled Queries A compiled query is illustrated in Figure 2-4. In this type of query, ENFORM specifications in an edit file are compiled into an ENFORM object file; the file is saved and can be run from a TAL, COBOL, or FORTRAN program. Figure 2-4.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Five Easy Steps to Using ENFORM Figure 2-5 also introduces four terms that will be used in the rest of this publication: fields, records, files, and items. A field is a stored area for one item of information. Fields have names and occupy a specific location in relation to other fields. In Figure 2-5, the field names are the names ∆numbers for different parts in the database. Records are groups of fields.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Five Easy Steps to Using ENFORM Figure 2-5.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Statements, Clauses, and Commands Statements, Clauses, and Commands An ENFORM session (for any type of query) consists of executing: Statements the basic query specifications for selecting and formatting items from the database. Clauses optional parts of statements that provide added functions to augment the statements. Commands that specify operational details for the session.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Statements, Clauses, and Commands Figure 2-6. Parts, Fromsup, and Suppliers Files Parts File partnum partname inventory location price Fromsup File partnum suppnum partcost Supplier File suppnum suppname address city state Parts File Records PARTNUM 212 244 4102 4103 6201 7102 7301 PARTNAME SYSTEM 192 KB CORE SYSTEM 192 KB SEMI DISC 50 MB DISC 160 MB SYNC CONTROLLER CABINET LARGE POWER MODULE INVENTORY 7 3 9 7 –16 20 32 LOCATION PRICE J87 B78 K45 K43 A34 F76 H76 92000.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Statements, Clauses, and Commands Statements ENFORM statements provide the basic query specifications of the program to be executed. The main ENFORM statement is LIST, which specifies what information should appear on a report, and prints the formatted report to (usually) a terminal or printer; for example, ENFORM /OUT name of file / name of dictionary subvolume >. . . . . . . . . . . > LIST parts; will select and print all data items in the parts file.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Statements, Clauses, and Commands Figure 2-7. Example of Simple Formatted ENFORM Report TITLE information SUBTITLE information Inventory Report XYZ Inc. Item Headings Items from database PARTNAME SYSTEM 192 KB CORE PARTNUM PRICE 212 92000.00 This is an example of using ENFORM to do a lot of work with a few specifications. Clearly, this is a simple example, but it does show the basic components of practically every ENFORM query.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Statements, Clauses, and Commands The BY clause allows you to sort data items, for the report, based on the value of a specified data item. A new group will be printed or displayed each time the data item changes. For example, if you specify BY suppnum, the report will be formatted in groups for each individual supplier number in the file and the printing of duplicate values of the supplier number will be suppressed. BY is included as part of the LIST statement.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Statements, Clauses, and Commands Item Formatting Clauses These clauses can be used to specify display formats and column headings for items that appear in the report. One item formatting clause is HEADING which prints a column heading of your choice for each column of data items in the report. The default for the heading is the item name specified in the dictionary (through DDL).
Using ENFORM—The Basics Statements, Clauses, and Commands Figure 2-9. Example of Item Formatting and New Item on a Report SUPPNUM PARTNUM INVENTORY PRICE TOTAL COST AVG 1 212 244 6201 7301 7 3 -16 32 26 92000.00 87000.00 5800.00 2400.00 64000.00 261000.00 -92800.00 76800.00 889000.00 222250.00 6 4102 4103 9 7 16 14500.00 24500.00 130500.00 171500.00 302000.00 151000.00 10 7102 20 32 6800.00 62 136800.00 136800.00 1327000.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Summary of Clauses Summary of Clauses The previous clauses can be combined with their respective ENFORM statements and entered as follows: OPEN parts, fromsup; LINK parts TO fromsup VIA partnum TITLE “Inventory Report” Center; SUBTITLE “XZY Inc.” CENTER LIST by suppnum HEADING “SUPPLIER/NUMBER: parts.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Commands Figure 2-10. Example of Typical ENFORM Report SUPPLIER NUMBER PART NUMBER QUANTITY IN STOCK COST TOTAL COST AVG 1 212 244 6201 7301 7 3 -16 32 92000.00 87000.00 5800.00 2400.00 644000.00 261000.00 -92800.00 76800.00 889000.00 222250.00 6 4102 4103 9 7 14500.00 24500.00 130500.00 171500.00 302000.00 151000.00 10 7102 20 6800.00 136000.00 136000.00 136000.00 1327000.
Using ENFORM—The Basics Commands An example of using commands is entering: :ENFORM >?EDIT newquery CURRENT FILE IS VOLUME.SUBVOLUME,NEWQUERY *XYZ F OPEN parts LIST parts; *e >?RUN newquery which will: Allow you to use the editor (within an ENFORM session) to create a source file named newquery with two ENFORM statements. Save the source file. Run the source file to produce a report. Continue with the ENFORM session. See the ENFORM Reference Manual for a complete description of ENFORM commands.
3 How ENFORM Works In Section 2, the ENFORM language was introduced by showing how different types of query specifications produced different types of information on a report. This section will expand that idea by conceptually showing how a query is processed by ENFORM to produce a report. The purpose of this section is to enhance your understanding of ENFORM and to help prepare you for using the more detailed information in the ENFORM Reference Manual.
How ENFORM Works Figure 3-1.
How ENFORM Works Compiling the Query Figure 3-1 illustrates that the following sequence of steps is involved in processing an ENFORM LIST query: 1. Query compilation by the compiler/report writer process. 2. Transfer of control and dictionary-derived file information to the query processor: a server process that accesses the database files specified in the query. 3. The production of a target (work) file by the query processor.
How ENFORM Works Transferring Control to the Query Processor Transferring Control to the Query Processor The query processor is a server process that interprets the compiled query and accesses the database to build a target file. The process can occur in one or both of the following forms: 1. As a named server process that can be shared (sequentially) by several ENFORM processes. This type of server is persistent (it exists until it is stopped), has a backup process, and handles queries one at a time.
How ENFORM Works Building the Target File Building the The target file, which is produced by the query processor, is the result of your query— Target File before the data is formatted and generated as a report. In its final form, you can think about it as a collection of records that: Are built by taking data out of the different files and putting it together in one file. Are sorted in the order that they will ultimately appear in the report.
How ENFORM Works Building the Target File Figure 3-2. Building the Target File 1. Fields Selected from Files, Derived Fields Calculated su pp n pa um rtn in um ve n pr tory ic e pr ic e *i nv en to ry Derived Field partnum partname inventory location price .... ....
How ENFORM Works Report Writing Note that in this example, the target file is an intermediate file used by ENFORM to process the query; it is not a named physical file that you can access. However, if you use an ENFORM FIND statement in the query, the result of the query can be a physical output file that is structured like the target file.
How ENFORM Works Report Writing su pp n pa um rtn in um ve n pr tory ic e pr ic e *i nv en to ry A VG Figure 3-3.
4 Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Section 2 described some of the basic things that you can do with ENFORM. It concentrated on a language view of ENFORM; that is, what are the specifications of the language and how are they used. This section is a simple tutorial on using ENFORM. It extends Section 2 by concentrating on the tasks that you do to produce a complete report.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Figure 4-1. Fromsup, Part, and Suppliers File Relationships Supplier File suppnum suppname address city state Fromsup File partnum suppnum partcost Parts File partnum partname inventory location price Parts File Records PARTNAME PARTNUM 212 244 4102 4103 6201 7102 7301 SYSTEM 192 KB CORE SYSTEM 192 KB SEMI DISC 50 MB DISC 160 MB SYNC CONTROLLER CABINET LARGE POWER MODULE INVENTORY 7 3 9 7 –16 20 32 LOCATION PRICE J87 B78 K45 K43 A34 F76 H76 92000.00 87000.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Opening a File Starting ENFORM Because ENFORM is a program, you must start it before it can be used to produce a report. Once a program is started and has control of your terminal, it displays a prompt character at the left of the next line on the screen. ENFORM uses a greater than symbol (>).
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Listing Information From a File Onto a Report The simple form of the OPEN statement is the word OPEN followed by the name of the description to be opened: >OPEN parts; Multiple descriptions can be opened with separate OPEN statements or with a single OPEN statement in which the names are separated with space or commas: >OPEN parts; >OPEN fromsup; >OPEN supplier, order, odetail; The files remain open until they are explicitly closed with a CLOSE statement or implicit
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Listing Information From a File Onto a Report Figure 4-2. Listing of a Single File SUPPNUM PARTNUM PARTCOST 1 1 6 1 6 10 1 212 244 4102 6201 4103 7102 7301 92000.00 87000.00 14500.00 5800.00 24500.00 6800.00 2400.00 The report in Figure 4-2 is the complete listing of the file named fromsup. There are seven records in the file, one for each part. Each record has three fields: the supplier number, the part number, and the cost.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Listing Information From a File Onto a Report Notice that the fields are printed in the order specified by the LIST statement. Sorting a File Listing The report in Figure 4-3 could be hard to use if you scan it by the supplier number. The numbers are in the order in which they occur in the file. If the list was very long, it would be quite difficult to search the list for a specific number/part number relationship.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Restricting the Information That Appears on a Report Figure 4-5. Sorting Multiple Value Occurrences With BY SUPPNUM PARTNUM PARTCOST 1 212 244 6201 7301 4102 4103 7102 92000.00 87000.00 5800.00 2400.00 14500.00 24500.00 6800.00 6 10 You can use the BY modifier with descending values as well as ascending values. When dealing with values you want in ascending order, you must specify ASCD or BY.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Restricting the Information That Appears on a Report Figure 4-7. Qualifying a Report With WHERE SUPPNUM PARTNUM PARTCOST 1 212 244 4102 4103 92000.00 87000.00 14500.00 24500.00 6 This report is the same as Figure 4-6, with one exception—all records where the partcost field did not satisfy the condition greater than 9000 are not in the report.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Connecting Files Connecting Files To this point, you have learned how to produce simple, qualified, single-file reports. Single-file reports are useful and a valid use of ENFORM, but they do not take full advantages of all the capabilities of ENFORM and relational databases. Remember, one of the primary advantages of a relational database is to allow you to work with either one file or multiple related files.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Connecting Files The report in Figure 4-9 contains items from both files based on the connecting relationship expressed by the WHERE clause of the LIST statement. There are several things that you should notice about this LIST statement: 1. suppnum had to be qualified as fromsup.suppnum to identify which file to select it from.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Controlling the Appearance of the Report To produce the report in Figure 4-9, using LINK instead of WHERE, you enter: >OPEN fromsup, supplier; >LINK fromsup TO supplier VIA suppnum; >LIST BY fromsup.suppnum,BY suppnum, partnum, partcost; to generate the report in Figure 4-11. Figure 4-11. Connecting Files Using LINK SUPPNUM SUPPNAME 1 TANDEM COMPUTERS 6 INFORMATION STORAGE 10 PARTNUM PARTCOST 212 244 6201 7301 4102 4103 7102 92000.00 87000.00 5800.00 2400.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Controlling the Appearance of the Report Entering the following statements, which assume the ENFORM defaults, will produce the report in Figure 4-12. OPEN parts; LIST partnum, inventory, locations; Figure 4-12.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Controlling the Appearance of the Report In this report, ENFORM uses, as headings, the character string within the quotation marks and splits the string whenever it encounters a / character. Using DDL to Establish Default Headings The DDL record description for the parts file is: RECORD parts. FILE IS "$mkt.sample.parts" KEY-SEQUENCED. 02 partnum TYPE *. 02 partname PIC "X(18)". 02 inventory PIC "999S". 02 location PIC "XXX".
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Controlling the Appearance of the Report Figure 4-14. Standard Report With Specified Data Items Centered PART NUMBER ITEMS IN STOCK 212 244 4102 4103 6201 7102 7301 7 3 9 7 -16 20 32 WAREHOUSE LOCATION J87 B78 K45 K43 A34 F76 H76 In this report, the items in the PART NUMBER and WAREHOUSE LOCATION columns are centered and the items in the ITEMS IN STOCK column have defaulted to right-aligned.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Specifying Report Arithmetic In this report, the spacing between the first column and the ITEMS IN STOCK column and WAREHOUSE LOCATION columns has been increased to 5 and 10 spaces respectively. ENFORM provides several additional report formatting clauses such as SKIP, TAB, and NOHEAD which enable you to control the report's appearance in much more detail than discussed here. For a detailed description of theses clauses, see the ENFORM Reference Manual.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Specifying Report Arithmetic Figure 4-16. Standard Report With No Arithmetic Operations. SUPPNUM 1 6 10 Using the TOTAL and SUBTOTAL Clauses PARTNUM 212 244 6201 7301 4102 4103 7102 INVENTORY PRICE 7 3 -16 32 9 7 20 92000.00 87000.00 5800.00 2400.00 14500.00 24500.00 6800.00 Use the TOTAL clause to specify that the sum of all items in a particular column of the report should be printed after the last item in the column.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Specifying Report Arithmetic SUBTOTAL is similar to TOTAL with the difference being that it prints a sum for a group of items. For example, in Figure 4-17, the report is grouped by the supplier number. And, you can specify that the total number of inventory items for each supplier should be printed by entering: OPEN part, fromsup; LINK parts TO fromsup VIA partnum; LIST BY suppnum, parts.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Specifying Report Arithmetic An example of using an arithmetic expression clause is to modify the report in Figure 4-18 to contain a new column of data items that is the result of multiplying the price and inventory fields. The heading for the new column will be TOTAL COST and it can be subtotaled and totaled by entering: OPEN part, fromsup; LINK parts TO fromsup VIA partnum; LIST BY suppnum, parts.
Using ENFORM to Produce Complete Reports Specifying Report Arithmetic Entering: OPEN part, fromsup; LINK parts TO fromsup VIA partnum; LIST BY suppnum, parts. partnum, inventory SUBTOTAL OVER suppnum TOTAL, price, (price*inventory) HEADING "TOTAL COST" SUBTOTAL OVER suppnum TOTAL, AVG (price*inventory OVER suppnum); will generate the report in Figure 4-20. Figure 4-20. Standard Report With Aggregated Value SUPPNUM PARTNUM INVENTORY PRICE TOTAL COST AVG 1 212 244 6201 7301 7 3 -16 32 26 92000.
Index A Advantages of Relational Data Base 1-3/4 Aggregate Clauses examples of use 2-11, 2-12, 2-14, 4-18/19 explanation 4-15, 4-18/19 user-defined aggregates 4-18 Aligning Data Items see Centering Data Items Appearance, Report see Controlling the Appearance of a Report Arithmetic Expression Clauses examples of use 2-10, 2-12, 2-14, 4-18 explanation 4-17 Arithmetic, Report see Specifying Report Arithmetic ASCD Clause examples of use 2-10, 2-14, 4-6 explanation 4-6 Ascending Order 4-6 ASSIGN Command 3-4 ATTA
Index CLOSE Statement example of use 4-4 explanation 4-4 Closing a File 4-4 Column Alignment 4-14/15 Column Headings defaults 4-13 specifying with HEADING clause 4-12 Command Interpreter Command Line 4-3 Commands example of use 2-15 explanation 2-14 Compiled Queries 2-3 relationship to host language interface 1-10 Compiled Representation of Query 3-3 Compiler/Report Writer as an ENFORM feature 1-9 how it works 3-3, 3-7 Compiling a Query 3-3 Connecting Files by using the LINK statement 4-10/11 by using the
Index DDL relationship to data base files 1-8 use in ENFORM 1-8, 1-9 use in establishing default column headings 4-13 Dedicated Query Processors 3-4 Definition of Enform language 1-2 nonprocedural 1-2 queries and reports 1-2/3 relational data base 1-3/4 Derived Values 4-18 DESC Clause examples of use 4-6 explanation 4-6 Descending Order 4-6/7 DICTIONARY Command 4-4 Dictionary Subvolume as an option for the ENFORM command 4-3 default 4-3 Displaying Settings of ENFORM Statements 2-14 Duplicate Values--Suppre
Index F Field Selection and Sorting Clauses Examples of Use 2-10, 2-12, 2-14 Explanation 2-9 Field--Definition 2-4 File Descriptions opening a file description 4-3 opening multiple file descriptions 4-4 File--Definition 2-4 FIND Statement relationship to target file 3-7 use 3-7 Five Easy Steps to Using ENFORM 2-3/5 H HEADING Clause example of use 4-12 examples of use 2-9, 2-11 explanation 4-12/13 Headings, columns see Column Headings Host Language Interface advantages 1-10 description 1-10 generating compi
Index Linking Files as a ENFORM feature 1-10/11 see also Connecting Files LIST Statement examples of use 2-8, 2-9, 4-5 Listing Information parts of a file 4-5 Listing Parts of a File 4-5 Logical Conditions examples 4-7/8 Logical Expressions 4-8 M Multiple File Descriptions 4-4 Multiple Values--Suppressing 4-6/7 N Named Query Processor 3-4 Network Considerations 1-11/12 New Data Relationships as an ENFORM feature 1-10/11 relationship to LINK statement 1-11 New Item Clauses 2-11, 2-12 O Object Files--ENFORM
Index P PARAM Command 3-4 PATHWAY in ENCOMPASS 1-5 relationship to ENFORM 1-6, 1-7 Q QP Command 3-4 Qualifying Connected Files 4-9/10 Qualifying Information on a Report 4-9 Queries and Reports--Definition 1-2/3 Query Processor as an ENFORM feature 1-9 dedicated query processors advantages 3-4 description 3-4 named query processors advantages 3-4 description 3-4 relationship to target file 3-4/5 R Record--Definition 2-3/4 Report Writing 3-7/8 Restricting Information on a Report with IF/THEN/ELSE clause 4-8
Index Shared Data Base Access dictionary/data base files relationship 1-8 shared resources 1-9 use of dictionary 1-8 Shared Query Processors 3-4 Sorting File Listings 4-6/7 Sorting Multiple Value Occurrences 4-7 Source Specifications 3-3 SPACE Clause example of use 4-14 explanation 4-14/15 Specifying a Listing Device 2-14 Specifying Fields Within a File 4-5/6 Specifying Report Arithmetic aggregate values 4-18/19 derived items arithmetic expression clauses 4-17/18 totals and subtotals 4-17/18 Spontaneous Re
Index TOTAL Clause examples of use 2-11/12/13, 4-16 explanation 4-17 Totaling Items 4-16/18 Transaction Processing--Definition 1-2, 1-6 Transmitting Data Over a Network 1-11/12 Two-Dimensional Lists 1-3 Types of Queries compiled 2-3 stored 2-2 temporary 2-2 U Using Statements, Clauses, and Commands 2-6/7, 2-15 Using the Editor from an ENFORM Session 2-14 V Views of Data 1-3 W WHERE Clause examples of use 2-10, 2-12, 2-14, 4-8 explanation 4-8 use in connecting files 4-10/11 Index–8 058051 Tandem Computers
