NBT Manual

Glossary
NBT Manual—424773-001
Glossary-10
interactive command
interactive command. In DSM, a command entered by a human operator rather than by a
program. See also programmatic command.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). A United Nations organization,
established to promote the development of standards to facilitate the international
exchange of goods and services and to develop mutual cooperation in areas of
intellectual, scientific, technological, and economic activity.
International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications (ITU-T). An international
body of member countries whose task is to define recommendations and standards
relating to the international telecommunications industry. The fundamental standards for
ATM have been defined and published by the ITU-T (previously CCITT).
Internet. Physically, a collection of packet switching networks interconnected by gateways,
along with protocols that allow them to function logically as a single, large, virtual
network. When written in uppercase, INTERNET refers specifically to the DARPA
Internet and the TCP/IP protocols it uses.
Internet address. The 32-bit address assigned to hosts that want to participate in the Internet
using TCP/IP. Internet addresses are the abstraction of physical hardware addresses, just
as the Internet is an abstraction of physical networks. Actually assigned to the
interconnection of a host to a physical network, an Internet address consists of a network
portion and a host portion. The partition makes routing efficient.
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). An integral part of the Internet Protocol (IP)
that handles error and control messages. Specifically, gateways and hosts use ICMP to
send reports of problems about datagrams back to the original source that sent the
datagram. ICMP also includes an echo request/reply used to test whether a destination is
reachable and responding.
Internet Engineering Note (IEN). A series of notes developed in parallel to RFCs and
available across the Internet from the INIC. IENs contain many of the early theories on
the Internet.
Internet Protocol. The Internet standard protocol that defines the Internet datagram as the
unit of information passed across the Internet, and that provides the basis for the
Internet, connectionless, best-effort, packet-delivery service.
interoperability. The ability of software and hardware on multiple machines from multiple
vendors to communicate meaningfully.
IOP. Input/output process. An input/output process (IOP) is a privileged process, residing in a
NonStop system processor, which provides an application access to a communications
line.
IP. See Internet Protocol
.
IP datagram. The basic unit of information passed across the Internet. An IP datagram is to
the Internet as a hardware packet is to a physical network. It contains source and
destination addresses, along with data.