Open System Services NFS SCF Reference Manual

Open System Services NFS SCF Reference Manual—522582-001
Glossary-1
Glossary
address mask. A bit mask used to select bits from an Internet address for subnetwork
addressing. The mask is 32 bits long. It selects the network portion of the Internet
address and one or more bits from the local portion.
address resolution. Conversion of an Internet address into a corresponding physical address.
Depending on the underlying network, the resolution might require broadcasting on a
local network.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). The Internet protocol used to dynamically bind a high-
level Internet address to a low-level physical hardware address. ARP applies across only
a single physical network and is limited to networks that support hardware broadcast.
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). Now known as the Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
ARP. See Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
.
ARPA. See Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
.
ARPANET. A pioneering long-haul network funded by the Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA) (later the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or DARPA)
and built by Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN). It served as the basis for early
networking research as well as for the development of the Internet.
autonomous system. A collection of gateways and networks that fall under one
administrative entity and cooperate closely to propagate network reachability (and
routing) information among themselves using an interior gateway protocol of their
choice. Gateways within an autonomous system have a high degree of trust. At least one
gateway in an autonomous system must advertise networks in that system to a core
gateway using the Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP).
baseband. Characteristic of any network technology (like Ethernet) that uses a single carrier
frequency and requires all stations attached to the network to participate in every
transmission (broadband). See also broadband
.
best-effort delivery. Characteristic of network technologies that do not provide reliability at
link levels. Best-effort delivery systems work well with the Internet, because the Internet
protocols assume that the underlying network provides unreliable, connectionless
delivery. The combination of Internet Protocol (IP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
provides best-effort delivery service to application programs.
big-endian. A format for storage or transmission of binary data in which the most-significant
bit or byte is delivered or processed first. The Internet’s standard network byte order is
big-endian. See also little-endian
.