Open System Services Shell and Utilities Reference Manual (G06.27+, H06.04+)

tr(1) OSS Shell and Utilities Reference Manual
EXAMPLES
1. To translate braces into parentheses, enter:
tr ’{}’’()’
This translates each { (left brace) to a ( (left parenthesis) and each } (right brace) to )
(right parenthesis). All other characters remain unchanged and are sent to standard out-
put.
2. To translate lowercase ASCII characters to uppercase, enter:
tr ’[:lower:]’’[:upper:]’ <infile > outfile
3. To translate each digit to a # (number sign), enter:
tr ’0-9’’[#*]’ <infile > outfile
The * (asterisk) tells tr to repeat the # (number sign) enough times to make the second
string as long as the first one.
4. To translate each string of digits to a single # (number sign), enter:
tr -s ’0-9’’[#*]’ <infile > outfile
5. To translate all ASCII characters that are not specified, enter:
tr -c ’[-˜\177]’’[A-_?]’ <infile > outfile
This translates each nonprinting ASCII character to the corresponding control key letter
(\001 translates to A, \002 to B, and so on). ASCII DEL (\177), the character that follows
~(tilde), translates to a ? (question mark).
6. To create a list of all words in file1 one per line in file2, where a word is taken to be a
maximal string of letters, enter:
tr -cs ’[:alpha:]’’[\n*]’ < file1 > file2
7. To use an equivalence class to identify accented variants of the base character e in file1,
which are stripped of diacritical marks and written to file2,enter:
tr ’[=e=]’’[e*]’ < file1 > file2
Specifying the -A flag improves ASCII performance.
RELATED INFORMATION
Commands: sh(1).
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