Open System Services Shell and Utilities Reference Manual (G06.28+, H06.05+)

User Commands (c) c89(1)

Dynamic and Static Linking

The -WBdllsonly and -WBdynamic ﬂags specify dynamic linking. The -WBstatic ﬂag speciﬁes

static linking. In dynamic linking:

• The nld utility ﬁrst searches for a shared run-time library (SRL). If an SRL cannot be

found, nld then searches for an archive ﬁle. If neither of these ﬁles are found, an error is

issued. In static linking, nld searches for an archive ﬁle but does not search for an SRL.

• The ld or eld utility ﬁrst searches for a dynamic-link library (DLL). If a DLL cannot be

found, the linker then searches for an archive ﬁle. If neither of these ﬁles are found, an

error is issued. In static linking, the linker searches for an archive ﬁle but does not

search for a DLL.

If the archive ﬁle cannot be found, an error is issued.

Dynamic and static linking are not exact opposites. Dynamic linking accepts either an SRL or

DDL or an archive, but static linking accepts only an archive.

Unlike other c89 ﬂags, multiple -WBdllsonly, -WBdynamic, and -WBstatic ﬂags can be

speciﬁed in a single c89 invocation. Thus, it is possible to perform dynamic linking for some -l

operands and static linking for others.

The -WBdllsonly, -WBdynamic, and -WBstatic ﬂags speciﬁed to c89 affect linking arguments

speciﬁed in -Weld, -Weld_obey, -Wld, -Wnld, -Wld_obey,or-Wnld_obey ﬂags. Each

speciﬁcation remains in effect until another is encountered. To change how a linker performs

linking for such arguments, you can specify eld, ld,ornld ﬂags that control linking within the

argument list. All linkers perform dynamic linking by default. Refer to the eld(1), ld(1),or

nld(1) reference page for more information.

Handling of Files in the Guardian File System

Files in the Guardian ﬁle system can be accessed using OSS pathname syntax

(/G/volume/subvol/ﬁleID).

c89 requires that ﬁles in the Guardian ﬁle system be identiﬁed with a sufﬁx as is done in the OSS

ﬁle system. Because Guardian ﬁlenames do not allow the .sufﬁx format, the period is dropped

and the sufﬁx becomes the last character of the ﬁlename. However, the .sufﬁx format must be

used when specifying the ﬁle to c89.

Thus, the Guardian ﬁle system ﬁle $VOL.SUBVOL.FILEC, which identiﬁes a C source ﬁle, is

speciﬁed to c89 as /G/VOL/SUBVOL/FILE.c. Likewise, c89 generates an object ﬁle

$VOL.SUBVOL.FILEO that can be speciﬁed to c89 again as /G/VOL/SUBVOL/FILE.o.

The default executable object ﬁle when the current working directory is in the Guardian ﬁle sys-

tem is aout.

Predeﬁned Preprocessor Symbols and Macros

c89 deﬁnes the following preprocessor symbols and feature-test macros:

__cplusplus

Directs the preprocessor to process the source text as C++ source code. c89 deﬁnes

this symbol if the -Wcplusplus ﬂag is speciﬁed or the name of an OSS source ﬁle ends

in a C++ sufﬁx(.ii, .C, .cpp, .c++, .cxx, .cc, .eC, .ecpp, .ec++, .ecc,or.ecxx).

_TANDEM_SOURCE

Makes visible to the preprocessor identiﬁers required or permitted by extensions made

by HP. c89 deﬁnes this feature-test macro if the -Wextensions ﬂag is speciﬁed.

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