Open System Services Shell and Utilities Reference Manual (G06.29+, H06.08+, J06.03+)

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locale(4) OSS Shell and Utilities Reference Manual

blank Deﬁnes blank characters. If this keyword is not speciﬁed, the space and horizontal tab

characters are included in this character class. Any characters deﬁned by this state-

ment are automatically included in the space class.

toupper Deﬁnes the mapping of lowercase characters to uppercase characters. Operands for

this keyword consist of comma-separated character pairs. Each character pair is

enclosed in () (parentheses) and separated from the next pair by a ; (semicolon). The

ﬁrst character in each pair is considered a lowercase character; the second character is

considered an uppercase character. Only characters deﬁned by the lower and upper

keywords can be speciﬁed. If toupper is not deﬁned, a through z is mapped to A

through Z by default.

tolower Deﬁnes the mapping of uppercase characters to lowercase characters. Operands for

this keyword consist of comma-separated character pairs. Each character pair is

enclosed in () (parentheses) and separated from the next pair by a ; (semicolon). The

ﬁrst character in each pair is considered an uppercase character; the second character

is considered a lowercase character. Only characters deﬁned by the lower and upper

keywords can be speciﬁed.

The tolower keyword is optional. If this keyword is not speciﬁed, the mapping

defaults to the reverse mapping of the toupper keyword, if speciﬁed. If the toupper

and tolower keywords are both unspeciﬁed, the mapping for each defaults to that of the

C locale.

Additional keywords can be provided to deﬁne new character classiﬁcations. For example:

vowel <a>;<e>;;<o>;;<y>

The LC_CTYPE category does not support multicharacter elements. For example, the German

Eszet character is traditionally classiﬁed as a lowercase letter. There is no corresponding upper-

case letter; in proper capitalization of German text, the Eszet character is replaced by the two

characters SS. This kind of conversion is outside of the scope of the toupper and tolower key-

words.

The following is an example of a possible LC_CTYPE category listed in a locale deﬁnition

source ﬁle:

LC_CTYPE

#"alpha" is by default "upper" and "lower"

#"alnum" is by default "alpha" and "digit"

#"print" is by default "alnum", "punct" and the space character

#"graph" is by default "alnum" and "punct"

#"tolower" is by default the reverse mapping of "toupper"

upper <A>;;<C>;<D>;<E>;<F>;<G>;<H>;;<J>;<K>;<L>;<M>;\

lower <a>;;<c>;<d>;<e>;<f>;<g>;<h>;;<j>;<k>;<l>;<m>;\

digit <zero>;<one>;<two>;<three>;<four>;<five>;<six>;\

space <tab>;<newline>;<vertical-tab>;<form-feed>;\

<carriage-return>;<space>

cntrl <alert>;<backspace>;<tab>;<newline>;<vertical-tab>;\

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